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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His comments come after Vallejo City Manager Daniel Keen said the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/02/oil-spill-sickening-odor-prompt-vallejo-to-consider-buying-new-air-monitors/\" target=\"_blank\">city is considering buying a new set of air monitoring devices\u003c/a> because the ones they do have did not pick up any measurements from the odor that prompted hundreds of calls to Vallejo dispatchers on Sept. 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Coast Guard's \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/10/21/refinery-shipping-firm-dispute-finding-theyre-responsible-for-oil-spill/\" target=\"_blank\">investigation \u003c/a>into the oil spill concluded that the spill came from either the Phillips 66 refinery marine terminal in Rodeo or an oil tanker that was unloading crude there. But it came up empty on what caused the sickening odor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think as a good neighbor, Conoco Phillips 66 should be concerned about providing air quality monitors to the surrounding communities,\" Sampayan said. \"I want to see a more expanded role with the oil companies in providing information should we have this kind of incident occur again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for Phillips 66 did not respond to a request for comment, and a representative for the Western State Petroleum Association said the industry group has no comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like other local refineries, Phillips 66 pays for fence-line and ground-level air monitors at its Rodeo facility. The company's fence-line program is managed by a third party, Argos Scientific, an environmental and natural resource company. You can see their data \u003ca href=\"http://www.fenceline.org/rodeo/data.php\" target=\"_blank\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District operates air monitors throughout the region that are paid for by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and the district's general fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with the four mobile air monitors that the Vallejo Fire Department uses, the air district has a stationary monitor in the city, but none of them detected anything odd as the sickening odor moved through the city on Sept. 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fire Department's monitors did not pick up any abnormal measurements that day, according to Fire Chief Jack McArthur. And there were no air quality violations based on readings from the air district's ground-level monitoring device in Vallejo, district spokesman Ralph Borrmann said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Vallejo city officials have yet to meet members of the air quality district close to three months after the incident. The two sides are still coordinating schedules to get that meeting set, according to Vallejo City Manager Daniel Keen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sampayan is still waiting for answers from air regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to hear directly from them as to why they did not receive any unusual air quality readings ... when it was overwhelmingly terrible to breathe that, whatever it was, that was coming from the straits,\" Sampayan said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Barack Obama signed a bill Friday authorizing water projects across the country, including $170 million to address lead in the drinking water in Flint, Michigan, and $558 million to provide relief to drought-stricken California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama said the bill advances vital projects across the country to restore watersheds, improve flood control and rebuild water infrastructure — including pipes in Flint, where residents have struggled with lead-tainted water for more than two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The drought has devastated California farms — in the past two years, 1 million acres of farmland have gone fallow.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The bill also approves a series of projects in California that Obama said “will help assure that California is more resilient in the face of growing water demands and drought-based uncertainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress approved the $10 billion measure last week, despite complaints from some Democrats that it was a giveaway to California farmers and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extended drought has devastated California’s abundant farmland and forced families to cut back on water consumption. In the past two years, 35,000 people have lost jobs, 1 million acres of farm land have gone fallow and 2,400 private water wells have gone dry, while more than 100 million trees on federal land have died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a nod to criticism by California Sen. Barbara Boxer and other Democrats, Obama said in a statement that “I interpret and understand” the new law to “require continued application and implementation of the Endangered Species Act … to assure that state water quality standards are met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boxer and other critics say the bill undermines endangered species protections for threatened salmon and other fish and could severely damage the fishing industry in three states — California, Oregon and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boxer helped draft the bill, but became an outspoken opponent after two other Californians — Republican House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy and Democratic Sen. Dianne Feinstein — inserted language addressing the drought days before Congress voted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarthy called the bill signing “a great moment for California” and the most significant reforms to California water policy in 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This new law will help our communities receive more water this wet season and will help move forward storage projects that will define California’s bright future,” McCarthy said in a statement. “We have not solved all of California’s water challenges, but this legislation is an incredibly positive first step.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Debbie Stabenow, D-Mich., hailed the Flint measure but called it long overdue. The measure authorizes projects for Flint and other communities, but funding is included in a separate, short-term spending bill approved last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people of Flint have waited far too long throughout this terrible crisis for their water system to be fixed. It is also past time for the state of Michigan to do everything in its power to meet its responsibilities to help the city recover from the water crisis,” Stabenow said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Barack Obama signed a bill Friday authorizing water projects across the country, including $170 million to address lead in the drinking water in Flint, Michigan, and $558 million to provide relief to drought-stricken California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama said the bill advances vital projects across the country to restore watersheds, improve flood control and rebuild water infrastructure — including pipes in Flint, where residents have struggled with lead-tainted water for more than two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The drought has devastated California farms — in the past two years, 1 million acres of farmland have gone fallow.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The bill also approves a series of projects in California that Obama said “will help assure that California is more resilient in the face of growing water demands and drought-based uncertainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress approved the $10 billion measure last week, despite complaints from some Democrats that it was a giveaway to California farmers and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extended drought has devastated California’s abundant farmland and forced families to cut back on water consumption. In the past two years, 35,000 people have lost jobs, 1 million acres of farm land have gone fallow and 2,400 private water wells have gone dry, while more than 100 million trees on federal land have died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a nod to criticism by California Sen. Barbara Boxer and other Democrats, Obama said in a statement that “I interpret and understand” the new law to “require continued application and implementation of the Endangered Species Act … to assure that state water quality standards are met.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boxer and other critics say the bill undermines endangered species protections for threatened salmon and other fish and could severely damage the fishing industry in three states — California, Oregon and Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boxer helped draft the bill, but became an outspoken opponent after two other Californians — Republican House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy and Democratic Sen. Dianne Feinstein — inserted language addressing the drought days before Congress voted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarthy called the bill signing “a great moment for California” and the most significant reforms to California water policy in 25 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This new law will help our communities receive more water this wet season and will help move forward storage projects that will define California’s bright future,” McCarthy said in a statement. “We have not solved all of California’s water challenges, but this legislation is an incredibly positive first step.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Debbie Stabenow, D-Mich., hailed the Flint measure but called it long overdue. The measure authorizes projects for Flint and other communities, but funding is included in a separate, short-term spending bill approved last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The people of Flint have waited far too long throughout this terrible crisis for their water system to be fixed. It is also past time for the state of Michigan to do everything in its power to meet its responsibilities to help the city recover from the water crisis,” Stabenow said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>This week on the \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Curious podcast\u003c/a>, we answer a question from listener Charlie Spiegel who wondered: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/05/what-happens-to-san-franciscos-recycling-once-it-leaves-the-curb/\" target=\"_blank\">What Happens to San Francisco’s Recycling Once It Leaves the Curb?\u003c/a> Charlie is one of those people who \u003cem>really \u003c/em>wants to get recycling right. Sometimes it can be a bit tricky! Test your recycling I.Q. to see how well you know San Francisco's recycling rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"quizWidget-311293\" width=\"100%\" height=\"700px\" frameborder=\"0\" border=\"none\" src=\"https://www.boombox.com/widget/quiz/fi9xdWl6emVzLzMxMTI5Mw\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: An earlier version of this story stated that dog poop is compostable; it must go into the black bin for the landfill. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be sure to subscribe to the \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Curious podcast\u003c/a>, and watch our \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55yXRsIX30A\" target=\"_blank\">video from our trip to Recology's Recycle Central\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This week on the \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Curious podcast\u003c/a>, we answer a question from listener Charlie Spiegel who wondered: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/05/what-happens-to-san-franciscos-recycling-once-it-leaves-the-curb/\" target=\"_blank\">What Happens to San Francisco’s Recycling Once It Leaves the Curb?\u003c/a> Charlie is one of those people who \u003cem>really \u003c/em>wants to get recycling right. Sometimes it can be a bit tricky! Test your recycling I.Q. to see how well you know San Francisco's recycling rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe id=\"quizWidget-311293\" width=\"100%\" height=\"700px\" frameborder=\"0\" border=\"none\" src=\"https://www.boombox.com/widget/quiz/fi9xdWl6emVzLzMxMTI5Mw\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: An earlier version of this story stated that dog poop is compostable; it must go into the black bin for the landfill. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Be sure to subscribe to the \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406?mt=2\" target=\"_blank\">Bay Curious podcast\u003c/a>, and watch our \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55yXRsIX30A\" target=\"_blank\">video from our trip to Recology's Recycle Central\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Take a trip to Recology’s Recycle Central, where San Francisco’s waste is sorted and sent off for processing. This week on\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, we answer a question from Noe Valley resident Charlie Spiegel, who wondered where his recycling ends up.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]C[/dropcap]harlie Spiegel is one of those people obsessed with getting recycling right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like the peanut butter canister. If I throw this into the recycling — this plastic thing that’s got peanut butter in it — I have no idea what they do with it,” he says, as he stands in the kitchen of his Noe Valley home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s pulling empty glass and plastic containers out of his dishwasher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you really wash these things?” I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh yeah, yeah,” he says. “And then they come out melted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie has \u003cem>a lot\u003c/em> of questions when it comes to recycling. Like what happens to stuff that can’t be recycled that gets mixed up in the blue bins? Does he need to continue washing his plastics and jars? And what do those numbers on the bottom of his plastics mean?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/15/quiz-test-your-recycling-i-q/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Take Our Recycling Quiz\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Test your recycling I.Q. to see how well you know San Francisco’s recycling rules.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>Is Rinsing Recyclables Necessary?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The answers to all of Charlie’s questions were at Recology’s recycling center at Pier 96 near Hunters Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the 200,000-square-foot warehouse, I meet Robert Reed, a project manager for Recology. He takes me to an open room called the tipping floor, where the recycling trucks first dump their contents after they leave your neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55yXRsIX30A\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic water bottles, cardboard Amazon boxes, plastic bags and soup containers are corralled by tractors into colossal 30-foot mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six hundred tons of material come through the tipping floor each day, says Robert. That’s equivalent to the weight of 38 Muni buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I bring up Charlie’s first question: Do people need to rinse their recyclables?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Definitely don’t recycle:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Plastic Bags:\u003c/strong> They clog up Recology’s machines so toss them in the trash.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Wire Coat Hangers:\u003c/strong> These also damage the machines, so throw them out.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Greasy pizza boxes:\u003c/strong> The greasy bottom is compostable, the clean top can be recycled.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Styrofoam:\u003c/strong> This isn’t recyclable anywhere so make sure it ends up in the garbage.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He says a \u003cem>half-full\u003c/em> jar of peanut butter would be too much, but their equipment is prepared to handle some residue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Recology does ask people to \u003ca href=\"https://www.recology.com/faq/do-i-have-to-rinse-jars-bottles-and-cans/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">rinse out\u003c/a> their plastics because it can pose a problem for \u003cem>paper\u003c/em> products in single-stream recycling. If the food residue gets onto paper in your bin, it could make that paper non-recyclable. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How The Recycling Is Sorted\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We leave the tipping floor, and follow the recyclables as they are scooped onto conveyor belts moving up toward a second floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayanna Banks is hand-sorting the material as it comes down the conveyer belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got here at 3:45 a.m.,” she says. “It’s a hard shift because you gotta get used to waking up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s dusty and loud at the plant — so loud, you can’t hear a person 5 feet away from you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799481 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-800x446.jpg\" alt=\"Ayanna_sorting_star\" width=\"800\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-800x446.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-400x223.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-768x428.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1440x803.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1920x1071.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1180x658.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-960x535.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ayanna Banks has seen some pretty unusual stuff come through the line — like car bumpers and a bank safe. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, Ayanna has her headphones and there’s one type of music that keeps her going — gospel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s mostly what I listen to in the morning, keep my spirits up,” laughs Ayanna, who says she likes to sing along, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayanna removes aluminum and cardboard from the paper, and separates out the trash, which is tossed into a chute for the landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paper goes straight to a high-density bailer, and plastics head toward one of the coolest machines in the whole warehouse — an optical sorter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799479\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799479 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-400x499.jpg\" alt=\"Sorting_star\" width=\"400\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-400x499.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-800x997.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-768x957.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-960x1197.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star.jpg 1014w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some parts of the recycling process are done by hand. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You can see how it hits certain items with a puff of air,” says Robert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machine works like a human eyeball, visually sorting the plastics by color and type. As the plastics approach the end of the conveyor belt, the machine shoots puffs of air at each item to direct it toward a bin of similar plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they’re baled and sent to Central California, where they’ll be turned into new products, like new recycling bins or water bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>And What About Those Numbers?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Charlie’s final question was about those hard-to-decode numbers on the bottom of most plastics. Robert says those matter at other recycling plants, but not here in San Francisco. Recology can process any hard plastics it receives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>… Even if they’re melted.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reporting Back to Charlie\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When I returned to Charlie’s house, I opened my laptop and played a video we took of the recycling process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wow, labor intensive, my God they’re picking out stuff as they go … wow,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked if it’s what he imagined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s amazing the volumes they’re going through,” says Charlie. “And it’s amazing to me how labor intensive it is, ‘cuz I just had no idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I told him that food residue isn’t an issue, he was elated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He can finally stop melting his plastic jars in the dishwasher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this story said Recology users did not need to rinse out plastic recyclables. Recology has since updated its guidelines to ask users to rinse food residue from plastics to avoid contaminating paper recyclables.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Got a question you want KQED’s Bay Curious team to investigate? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Ask!\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799483\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799483 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-800x448.jpg\" alt=\"Wall of aluminum_star\" width=\"800\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-800x448.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-400x224.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-768x430.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-960x538.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star.jpg 989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An eddy-current separator repels aluminum cans off the line. They are then baled and sent to foundries in Tennessee. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Take a trip to Recology’s Recycle Central, where San Francisco’s waste is sorted and sent off for processing. This week on\u003c/em>\u003cem> \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Curious\u003c/a>, we answer a question from Noe Valley resident Charlie Spiegel, who wondered where his recycling ends up.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">C\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>harlie Spiegel is one of those people obsessed with getting recycling right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Like the peanut butter canister. If I throw this into the recycling — this plastic thing that’s got peanut butter in it — I have no idea what they do with it,” he says, as he stands in the kitchen of his Noe Valley home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s pulling empty glass and plastic containers out of his dishwasher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you really wash these things?” I ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh yeah, yeah,” he says. “And then they come out melted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie has \u003cem>a lot\u003c/em> of questions when it comes to recycling. Like what happens to stuff that can’t be recycled that gets mixed up in the blue bins? Does he need to continue washing his plastics and jars? And what do those numbers on the bottom of his plastics mean?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/15/quiz-test-your-recycling-i-q/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Take Our Recycling Quiz\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Test your recycling I.Q. to see how well you know San Francisco’s recycling rules.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>Is Rinsing Recyclables Necessary?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The answers to all of Charlie’s questions were at Recology’s recycling center at Pier 96 near Hunters Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the 200,000-square-foot warehouse, I meet Robert Reed, a project manager for Recology. He takes me to an open room called the tipping floor, where the recycling trucks first dump their contents after they leave your neighborhood.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/55yXRsIX30A'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/55yXRsIX30A'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Plastic water bottles, cardboard Amazon boxes, plastic bags and soup containers are corralled by tractors into colossal 30-foot mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six hundred tons of material come through the tipping floor each day, says Robert. That’s equivalent to the weight of 38 Muni buses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I bring up Charlie’s first question: Do people need to rinse their recyclables?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>Definitely don’t recycle:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Plastic Bags:\u003c/strong> They clog up Recology’s machines so toss them in the trash.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Wire Coat Hangers:\u003c/strong> These also damage the machines, so throw them out.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Greasy pizza boxes:\u003c/strong> The greasy bottom is compostable, the clean top can be recycled.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Styrofoam:\u003c/strong> This isn’t recyclable anywhere so make sure it ends up in the garbage.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He says a \u003cem>half-full\u003c/em> jar of peanut butter would be too much, but their equipment is prepared to handle some residue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Recology does ask people to \u003ca href=\"https://www.recology.com/faq/do-i-have-to-rinse-jars-bottles-and-cans/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">rinse out\u003c/a> their plastics because it can pose a problem for \u003cem>paper\u003c/em> products in single-stream recycling. If the food residue gets onto paper in your bin, it could make that paper non-recyclable. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How The Recycling Is Sorted\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We leave the tipping floor, and follow the recyclables as they are scooped onto conveyor belts moving up toward a second floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayanna Banks is hand-sorting the material as it comes down the conveyer belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got here at 3:45 a.m.,” she says. “It’s a hard shift because you gotta get used to waking up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s dusty and loud at the plant — so loud, you can’t hear a person 5 feet away from you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799481 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-800x446.jpg\" alt=\"Ayanna_sorting_star\" width=\"800\" height=\"446\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-800x446.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-400x223.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-768x428.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1440x803.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1920x1071.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-1180x658.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Ayanna_sorting_star-960x535.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ayanna Banks has seen some pretty unusual stuff come through the line — like car bumpers and a bank safe. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, Ayanna has her headphones and there’s one type of music that keeps her going — gospel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s mostly what I listen to in the morning, keep my spirits up,” laughs Ayanna, who says she likes to sing along, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayanna removes aluminum and cardboard from the paper, and separates out the trash, which is tossed into a chute for the landfill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paper goes straight to a high-density bailer, and plastics head toward one of the coolest machines in the whole warehouse — an optical sorter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799479\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799479 size-thumbnail\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-400x499.jpg\" alt=\"Sorting_star\" width=\"400\" height=\"499\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-400x499.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-800x997.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-768x957.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star-960x1197.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Sorting_star.jpg 1014w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some parts of the recycling process are done by hand. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You can see how it hits certain items with a puff of air,” says Robert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machine works like a human eyeball, visually sorting the plastics by color and type. As the plastics approach the end of the conveyor belt, the machine shoots puffs of air at each item to direct it toward a bin of similar plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they’re baled and sent to Central California, where they’ll be turned into new products, like new recycling bins or water bottles.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>And What About Those Numbers?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Charlie’s final question was about those hard-to-decode numbers on the bottom of most plastics. Robert says those matter at other recycling plants, but not here in San Francisco. Recology can process any hard plastics it receives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>… Even if they’re melted.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Reporting Back to Charlie\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When I returned to Charlie’s house, I opened my laptop and played a video we took of the recycling process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wow, labor intensive, my God they’re picking out stuff as they go … wow,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked if it’s what he imagined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s amazing the volumes they’re going through,” says Charlie. “And it’s amazing to me how labor intensive it is, ‘cuz I just had no idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I told him that food residue isn’t an issue, he was elated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He can finally stop melting his plastic jars in the dishwasher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>An earlier version of this story said Recology users did not need to rinse out plastic recyclables. Recology has since updated its guidelines to ask users to rinse food residue from plastics to avoid contaminating paper recyclables.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Got a question you want KQED’s Bay Curious team to investigate? \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/baycurious\">Ask!\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10799483\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10799483 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-800x448.jpg\" alt=\"Wall of aluminum_star\" width=\"800\" height=\"448\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-800x448.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-400x224.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-768x430.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star-960x538.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/Wall-of-aluminum_star.jpg 989w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An eddy-current separator repels aluminum cans off the line. They are then baled and sent to foundries in Tennessee. (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "December Deluge Delivers Even More Rain and Mess Than Promised",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 9:25 p.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> The drying out starts ... now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm that swamped the Bay Area and prompted flash flood warnings, inundated roads and triggered rock and mud slides from Sonoma County into Monterey County has moved south. After a few showers late Thursday and early Friday, the region is in for what appears to be at least a week of non-rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The torrents of rain -- which brought anywhere from an inch to nearly 3 inches of rain in most valley and bayside locations while soaking hills and ridges with between 5 and 7 inches since the storm's onset late Wednesday -- caused rapid rises on the Russian and Napa rivers and brought both streams to near flood stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Marin County, several creeks briefly surged past flood stage, prompting warnings and an evacuation of downtown San Anselmo. Creeks also rose out of their banks in several locations in Santa Rosa and Petaluma in Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gusty winds buffeted the region's higher terrain most of the day. The National Weather Service reported gusts hitting 50 mph or more in every Bay Area county except San Francisco, which recorded gusts in the 30-mph range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heavy rain and high winds caused the cancellation of about 90 flights into and out of San Francisco International Airport. Oakland and San Jose airports reported no cancellations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm leaves most of Northern California well above normal for rainfall this season. North State reservoirs are showing the effects of our copious fall rains, with virtually every major reservoir at levels that are well above average for mid-December. We'll offer some of that data on Friday\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The departing storm will be followed by an extended period of dry -- and initially cold -- weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lows in some of the Bay Area valleys could fall into the 20s over the weekend. Highs will range from the upper 40s to the low 50s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.cnrfc.noaa.gov/images/precipMaps/sf_24HRprecip.png?random=207889856\" width=\"620\" height=\"806\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:30 p.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> If you've been out on the road or looking out a window anywhere in the vicinity of San Francisco, you know it's raining. If you've been confined to an isolation tank, let us provide some details about the outdoor proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heavy rain that weather models forecast would pound the Bay Area has arrived in Marin, Sonoma and Napa counties with a vengeance and is continuing its very slow progress to the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just before 1 p.m., the continuing deluge prompted the National Weather Service to issue a flash flood warning for southeastern Sonoma and northern Marin counties. Specifics about the warned areas, per the weather service:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Automated stream gauges have reported water levels rising above flood stage on Willow Brook in Penngrove Park in Petaluma, Sonoma Creek at Agua Caliente, Copeland Creek in Rohnert Park, Colgan Creek near Sebastopol, and other creeks in the lower Laguna de Santa Rosa west of the city of Santa Rosa. There have also been reports of flooding in other lowland valley settings in southern Sonoma County and northern Marin County, as well as roadway flooding.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Here's a look at the current weather radar, by way of \u003ca href=\"https://www.wunderground.com/weather-radar/united-states/ca/san-francisco/mux/?lat=37.77999878&lon=-122.41999817&label=San%20Francisco%2c%20CA\" target=\"_blank\">Weather Underground\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://radblast.wunderground.com/cgi-bin/radar/WUNIDS_map?station=MUX&brand=wui&num=10&delay=25&type=N0R&frame=0&scale=1.000&noclutter=0&showstorms=0&mapx=400&mapy=240%C2%A2erx=400%C2%A2ery=240&transx=0&transy=0&showlabels=1&severe=0&rainsnow=0&lightning=0&smooth=0&rand=24697214&lat=37.77999878&lon=-122.41999817&label=San+Francisco%2C+CA\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rough key to the colors on the map: green means rain is falling; yellow means rain is pounding down; orange means you're wondering where you left your hip waders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CHP is reporting numerous instances of flooded highways and freeways, including Interstate 80 in San Francisco at the split with U.S. 101, at several places on 101 in Marin County and in southern Sonoma County at the junction of Highways 37 and 121. The CHP also reported dozens of traffic collisions related to the storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we said earlier, the usual wet locations in northern Sonoma County got a good soaking earlier in the day, with Venado (\"The Deer\"), west of Healdsburg, recording 4.40 inches of rain between midnight and noon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rainfall totals closer to the Golden Gate have risen sharply as the storm system trundles south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma County's Charles M. Schulz Airport had gotten 1.60 inches in the six hours ending at noon. A host of rain gauges in the Petaluma area all showed an inch or more in the same period. Kentfield, on the northeastern flank of Mount Tamalpais, picked up 1.26 inches, including a startling .75 between 11 a.m. and noon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rainfall totals quickly drop to the south, with just .18 of an inch recorded at San Francisco International Airport, .08 in downtown San Francisco, and .01 at Oakland International and San Jose International.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Cruz Mountains had also gotten a decent shot of rain by midday, with a gauge in the community of Ben Lomond recording .79 of an inch. Soquel, at the foot of the hills east of Santa Cruz, picked up .91.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The copious North Bay precipitation prompted the National Weather Service to issue an urban and small stream flood \u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/showsigwx.php?warnzone=CAZ507&warncounty=CAC041&firewxzone=CAZ507&local_place1=3%20Miles%20NW%20Woodacre%20CA&product1=Flood+Advisory&lat=38.0323&lon=-122.6751#.WFL_96IrKYV\" target=\"_blank\">advisory\u003c/a> through 4:15 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm has prompted a series of high-water advisories from the California-Nevada River Forecast Center. Rivers expected to reach flood state include the Navarro, in Mendocino County, and the lower reaches of the Eel, south of Eureka.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center said the Russian River at Guerneville will see a steep rise from its current level of 9 feet to 30.7 feet by midday Friday. That will exceed the river's monitor stage -- the level at which forecasters urge nearby residents and authorities to take action to protect property -- but only minor flooding is expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post, 8 a.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> A wet, windy storm continues to crawl down the coast north of San Francisco early Thursday, carrying what forecasters promise will be one of our most intense dousings of the rainy season so far and terrible travel conditions throughout much of the afternoon and evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm, fed by a relatively rich plume of water vapor originating near the Hawaiian Islands, has been focused for the past day or so on the coast of Northern California and Oregon, where it has dumped torrents of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm is also expected to bring lots of rain -- and some snow -- in the Sierra. Heavy rain in the mountains above Yosemite is expected to trigger a rapid rise on the Merced River in Yosemite National Park, possibly closing roads in Yosemite Valley late Thursday and Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By late Wednesday into early Thursday, the heavy rain had made its way as far south as northern Sonoma County. Venado, the famously wet hillside location west of Healdsburg, got 4.60 inches between 7 p.m. Wednesday and 7 a.m. Thursday. More sheltered sites, like Charles M. Schulz Sonoma County Airport just outside Santa Rosa, got just .29 of an inch during the same period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11221223\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/satellitestorm.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11221223\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/satellitestorm.jpg\" alt=\"Infrared image from NOAA's GOES West satellite shows storm hitting California coast Thursday morning.\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/satellitestorm.jpg 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/satellitestorm-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/satellitestorm-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/satellitestorm-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/satellitestorm-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Infrared image from NOAA's GOES West satellite shows storm hitting California coast Thursday morning. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service says the heaviest rain is expected to reach the Golden Gate by noon, and the storm will move slowly south, sweeping through the Santa Clara Valley late in the afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential for a transportation mess moved one National Weather Service forecaster to write Wednesday, \"The main front will work its way through the heart of the Bay Area during the afternoon and evening hours of Thursday setting the stage for a horrendous afternoon commute. ...\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Horrendous.\" Not a word you see much in NWS communications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service forecasts the storm, which had reached central Sonoma County in time for the morning commute, would bring between 1 to 2 inches of rain to most bayside and valley locations by midnight. Coastal hills and mountains will see a lot more rain -- 5 inches or more, the NWS says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the story on the rain. The storm is expected to be very windy, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters have issued \u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=mtr&wwa=wind%20advisory\" target=\"_blank\">a wind advisory\u003c/a> for the Bay Area warning of sustained winds of 25 to 35 mph with gusts of 50 mph in higher terrain late Thursday afternoon until late in the evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The predicted deluge, which coincides with unusually high tides, also threatens widespread flooding of roadways near the bay, including U.S. 101 in Marin and San Mateo counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heavy rain has triggered rapid rises on both small coastal rivers that are quick to rise and fall and on Northern California's mother river, the Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California-Nevada River Forecast Center is forecasting brief flooding on the Navarro River in Mendocino County and the Eel in Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center forecasts high water at several locations on the Sacramento between Red Bluff and the state capital. The rising river will flow into bypass channels created to ease pressure on the river's levee system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rain totals for the 24 hours ending 7 a.m. Thursday ranged from 5 to nearly 7 inches in the wettest locations of northwestern California, including 6.80 inches at Honeydew and 6.34 at Cooskie Mountain in Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rain is forecast to end in most Bay Area locations by early Friday, to be followed by colder and clearing weather. Lows in some of the region's valley locations could fall into the 20s over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outlook for the coming week, forecasters say, is dry.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A potent, slow-moving storm sweeps through Bay Area, triggering flood warnings and advisories. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 9:25 p.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> The drying out starts ... now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm that swamped the Bay Area and prompted flash flood warnings, inundated roads and triggered rock and mud slides from Sonoma County into Monterey County has moved south. After a few showers late Thursday and early Friday, the region is in for what appears to be at least a week of non-rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The torrents of rain -- which brought anywhere from an inch to nearly 3 inches of rain in most valley and bayside locations while soaking hills and ridges with between 5 and 7 inches since the storm's onset late Wednesday -- caused rapid rises on the Russian and Napa rivers and brought both streams to near flood stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Marin County, several creeks briefly surged past flood stage, prompting warnings and an evacuation of downtown San Anselmo. Creeks also rose out of their banks in several locations in Santa Rosa and Petaluma in Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gusty winds buffeted the region's higher terrain most of the day. The National Weather Service reported gusts hitting 50 mph or more in every Bay Area county except San Francisco, which recorded gusts in the 30-mph range.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heavy rain and high winds caused the cancellation of about 90 flights into and out of San Francisco International Airport. Oakland and San Jose airports reported no cancellations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm leaves most of Northern California well above normal for rainfall this season. North State reservoirs are showing the effects of our copious fall rains, with virtually every major reservoir at levels that are well above average for mid-December. We'll offer some of that data on Friday\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The departing storm will be followed by an extended period of dry -- and initially cold -- weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lows in some of the Bay Area valleys could fall into the 20s over the weekend. Highs will range from the upper 40s to the low 50s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.cnrfc.noaa.gov/images/precipMaps/sf_24HRprecip.png?random=207889856\" width=\"620\" height=\"806\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:30 p.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> If you've been out on the road or looking out a window anywhere in the vicinity of San Francisco, you know it's raining. If you've been confined to an isolation tank, let us provide some details about the outdoor proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heavy rain that weather models forecast would pound the Bay Area has arrived in Marin, Sonoma and Napa counties with a vengeance and is continuing its very slow progress to the south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just before 1 p.m., the continuing deluge prompted the National Weather Service to issue a flash flood warning for southeastern Sonoma and northern Marin counties. Specifics about the warned areas, per the weather service:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Automated stream gauges have reported water levels rising above flood stage on Willow Brook in Penngrove Park in Petaluma, Sonoma Creek at Agua Caliente, Copeland Creek in Rohnert Park, Colgan Creek near Sebastopol, and other creeks in the lower Laguna de Santa Rosa west of the city of Santa Rosa. There have also been reports of flooding in other lowland valley settings in southern Sonoma County and northern Marin County, as well as roadway flooding.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Here's a look at the current weather radar, by way of \u003ca href=\"https://www.wunderground.com/weather-radar/united-states/ca/san-francisco/mux/?lat=37.77999878&lon=-122.41999817&label=San%20Francisco%2c%20CA\" target=\"_blank\">Weather Underground\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://radblast.wunderground.com/cgi-bin/radar/WUNIDS_map?station=MUX&brand=wui&num=10&delay=25&type=N0R&frame=0&scale=1.000&noclutter=0&showstorms=0&mapx=400&mapy=240%C2%A2erx=400%C2%A2ery=240&transx=0&transy=0&showlabels=1&severe=0&rainsnow=0&lightning=0&smooth=0&rand=24697214&lat=37.77999878&lon=-122.41999817&label=San+Francisco%2C+CA\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A rough key to the colors on the map: green means rain is falling; yellow means rain is pounding down; orange means you're wondering where you left your hip waders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CHP is reporting numerous instances of flooded highways and freeways, including Interstate 80 in San Francisco at the split with U.S. 101, at several places on 101 in Marin County and in southern Sonoma County at the junction of Highways 37 and 121. The CHP also reported dozens of traffic collisions related to the storm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we said earlier, the usual wet locations in northern Sonoma County got a good soaking earlier in the day, with Venado (\"The Deer\"), west of Healdsburg, recording 4.40 inches of rain between midnight and noon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rainfall totals closer to the Golden Gate have risen sharply as the storm system trundles south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonoma County's Charles M. Schulz Airport had gotten 1.60 inches in the six hours ending at noon. A host of rain gauges in the Petaluma area all showed an inch or more in the same period. Kentfield, on the northeastern flank of Mount Tamalpais, picked up 1.26 inches, including a startling .75 between 11 a.m. and noon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rainfall totals quickly drop to the south, with just .18 of an inch recorded at San Francisco International Airport, .08 in downtown San Francisco, and .01 at Oakland International and San Jose International.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Cruz Mountains had also gotten a decent shot of rain by midday, with a gauge in the community of Ben Lomond recording .79 of an inch. Soquel, at the foot of the hills east of Santa Cruz, picked up .91.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The copious North Bay precipitation prompted the National Weather Service to issue an urban and small stream flood \u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/showsigwx.php?warnzone=CAZ507&warncounty=CAC041&firewxzone=CAZ507&local_place1=3%20Miles%20NW%20Woodacre%20CA&product1=Flood+Advisory&lat=38.0323&lon=-122.6751#.WFL_96IrKYV\" target=\"_blank\">advisory\u003c/a> through 4:15 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm has prompted a series of high-water advisories from the California-Nevada River Forecast Center. Rivers expected to reach flood state include the Navarro, in Mendocino County, and the lower reaches of the Eel, south of Eureka.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center said the Russian River at Guerneville will see a steep rise from its current level of 9 feet to 30.7 feet by midday Friday. That will exceed the river's monitor stage -- the level at which forecasters urge nearby residents and authorities to take action to protect property -- but only minor flooding is expected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post, 8 a.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> A wet, windy storm continues to crawl down the coast north of San Francisco early Thursday, carrying what forecasters promise will be one of our most intense dousings of the rainy season so far and terrible travel conditions throughout much of the afternoon and evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm, fed by a relatively rich plume of water vapor originating near the Hawaiian Islands, has been focused for the past day or so on the coast of Northern California and Oregon, where it has dumped torrents of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm is also expected to bring lots of rain -- and some snow -- in the Sierra. Heavy rain in the mountains above Yosemite is expected to trigger a rapid rise on the Merced River in Yosemite National Park, possibly closing roads in Yosemite Valley late Thursday and Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By late Wednesday into early Thursday, the heavy rain had made its way as far south as northern Sonoma County. Venado, the famously wet hillside location west of Healdsburg, got 4.60 inches between 7 p.m. Wednesday and 7 a.m. Thursday. More sheltered sites, like Charles M. Schulz Sonoma County Airport just outside Santa Rosa, got just .29 of an inch during the same period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11221223\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/satellitestorm.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11221223\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/satellitestorm.jpg\" alt=\"Infrared image from NOAA's GOES West satellite shows storm hitting California coast Thursday morning.\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/satellitestorm.jpg 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/satellitestorm-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/satellitestorm-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/satellitestorm-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/satellitestorm-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Infrared image from NOAA's GOES West satellite shows storm hitting California coast Thursday morning. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service says the heaviest rain is expected to reach the Golden Gate by noon, and the storm will move slowly south, sweeping through the Santa Clara Valley late in the afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential for a transportation mess moved one National Weather Service forecaster to write Wednesday, \"The main front will work its way through the heart of the Bay Area during the afternoon and evening hours of Thursday setting the stage for a horrendous afternoon commute. ...\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Horrendous.\" Not a word you see much in NWS communications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service forecasts the storm, which had reached central Sonoma County in time for the morning commute, would bring between 1 to 2 inches of rain to most bayside and valley locations by midnight. Coastal hills and mountains will see a lot more rain -- 5 inches or more, the NWS says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the story on the rain. The storm is expected to be very windy, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Forecasters have issued \u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=mtr&wwa=wind%20advisory\" target=\"_blank\">a wind advisory\u003c/a> for the Bay Area warning of sustained winds of 25 to 35 mph with gusts of 50 mph in higher terrain late Thursday afternoon until late in the evening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The predicted deluge, which coincides with unusually high tides, also threatens widespread flooding of roadways near the bay, including U.S. 101 in Marin and San Mateo counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heavy rain has triggered rapid rises on both small coastal rivers that are quick to rise and fall and on Northern California's mother river, the Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California-Nevada River Forecast Center is forecasting brief flooding on the Navarro River in Mendocino County and the Eel in Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center forecasts high water at several locations on the Sacramento between Red Bluff and the state capital. The rising river will flow into bypass channels created to ease pressure on the river's levee system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rain totals for the 24 hours ending 7 a.m. Thursday ranged from 5 to nearly 7 inches in the wettest locations of northwestern California, including 6.80 inches at Honeydew and 6.34 at Cooskie Mountain in Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rain is forecast to end in most Bay Area locations by early Friday, to be followed by colder and clearing weather. Lows in some of the region's valley locations could fall into the 20s over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown threw down the gauntlet on Wednesday to a gathering of scientists working on climate change, many of whom feel under attack by the incoming administration of President-elect Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco, Brown promised that California stands ready to lead the charge against climate change if Washington won’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got a lot of firepower,” Brown said. “We’ve got the scientists, we’ve got the universities, we have the national labs, and we have the political clout and sophistication for the battle. And, we will persevere. Have no doubt about that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/sfXqZEdOBcE\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, who has been fairly low key since the November election, seemed to relish his attack on climate change deniers, and what he called “the clowns of (right-wing news site) Breitbart” and “the miasma of nonsense coming across the social media channels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown, who got several standing ovations, promised to help protect the scientific integrity of California’s Lawrence Berkeley and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not a battle of one day or one election,” the governor said. “This is a long-term slog into the future. And you are there — the foot soldiers of change and understanding and scientific collaboration.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown threw down the gauntlet on Wednesday to a gathering of scientists working on climate change, many of whom feel under attack by the incoming administration of President-elect Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco, Brown promised that California stands ready to lead the charge against climate change if Washington won’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got a lot of firepower,” Brown said. “We’ve got the scientists, we’ve got the universities, we have the national labs, and we have the political clout and sophistication for the battle. And, we will persevere. Have no doubt about that.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/sfXqZEdOBcE'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/sfXqZEdOBcE'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Brown, who has been fairly low key since the November election, seemed to relish his attack on climate change deniers, and what he called “the clowns of (right-wing news site) Breitbart” and “the miasma of nonsense coming across the social media channels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Nation’s Largest Water Recycling Plant Expanding in Orange County",
"title": "Nation’s Largest Water Recycling Plant Expanding in Orange County",
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"content": "\u003cp>California’s prolonged and ongoing drought has at least one positive outcome. It has prompted water officials across the state to quickly develop new sources of water — and one of those new sources is flushed water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocwd.com/\">Orange County Water District \u003c/a>is leading the nation in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocwd.com/gwrs/about-gwrs/\">wastewater treatment \u003c/a>to replenish groundwater supplies — and that project is expanding now, designed to eventually supply water to 2.4 million people, about 40 percent of all water needed in Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success in turning used water into drinking water in Orange County is being copied across the state, according to David Sedlak, a professor at UC Berkeley and co-director of the \u003ca href=\"http://bwc.berkeley.edu/\">Berkeley Water Center\u003c/a>, which monitors the state’s water policy and progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water agencies in California have been watching Orange County for years now,” Sedlak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297719879\" params=\"auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has set aside $1 billion for water recycling, including treating wastewater to drinking water standards. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleywater.org/\">Santa Clara Water Authority \u003c/a>and San Jose consulted with Orange County officials, and they’re now leading the way in Northern California. A huge \"toilet-to-tap\" effort is being planned by the city of Los Angeles, which could eventually top Orange County’s output.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost every water district in the state is planning some kind of wastewater-to-drinking-water effort now, Sedlak said, and that kind of rapid progress is unprecedented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you think about the normal glacial pace with which water infrastructure projects usually get built,” he said, “things are moving at a lightning pace in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think pretty soon all of the water we have in sewer treatment plants is going to be recycled.'\u003ccite>Madelyn Glickfeld, UCLA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nowhere quicker than Orange County, which currently processes 100 million gallons of wastewater a day. When the expansion is completed in 2022, that number is expected to climb to 130 million gallons a day. The district uses reverse osmosis and filtering technology to exceed state standards for drinking water, and then it pumps that water underground to refill its groundwater basin and aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That additional underground step accomplishes a number of things. By refilling the groundwater basin, there is less danger of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4693\">subsidence problem \u003c/a>afflicting the Central Valley, where groundwater pumping has \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/08/19/central-valley-is-sinking-faster-than-we-thought-in-current-drought/\" target=\"_blank\">caused the land to sink\u003c/a> as much as 2 inches a month. Filling the aquifers also keeps saltwater intrusion from the ocean away from freshwater supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And pumping it back underground might filter the water even more, and help keep the famous “ick factor” out of the conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11220160\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11220160\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-800x485.jpg\" alt=\"Water flows into Anaheim Lake, where it will be recharged into the Orange County Groundwater Basin.\" width=\"800\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-800x485.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-160x97.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-1020x618.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-1180x715.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-960x582.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-240x145.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-375x227.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-520x315.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water flows into Anaheim Lake, where it will be recharged into the Orange County Groundwater Basin. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Orange County Water District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Orange County, all water flushed by residents will eventually become drinking water. And that’s in the cards for much of the rest of California, said UCLA water policy researcher Madelyn Glickfeld.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going so quickly,” she said. “I think pretty soon all of the water we have in sewer treatment plants is going to be recycled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously, water officials have been prodded by the drought, now entering year number six in California. Recent rains have eased some of the problems for northernmost areas, but federal officials \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/wrh/droughtca.php\">(NOAA) estimate\u003c/a> 87 percent of the state is still in drought, with over half in severe drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state cut water allocations again this year. This time districts are getting 20 percent of contracted water, which is better than last year’s 10 percent allocation but still much less than most districts need. Glickfeld said districts don’t want to rely on that water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the Water Replenishment District of Southern California, their goal is to stop importing water,” Glickfeld said. “And they think they can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11220167\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11220167\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Reverse osmosis membranes at the Groundwater Replenishment System.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reverse osmosis membranes at the Groundwater Replenishment System. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Orange County Water District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of course, getting new sources doesn’t mean much without cutting water use. Districts also are expanding programs to conserve water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not naturally a verdant area,” said Gary Gero, the new chief sustainability officer in Los Angeles County. He said Southern California may be ahead in wastewater recycling, but it’s behind in water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one thing, he’d like to switch out those expansive Southern California lawns for low-water landscaping. He said climate change is expected to increase the severity of California’s droughts, so we will need more conservation, to go along with more wastewater recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’m an all-of-the-above sort of person,” Gero said. “We have to preserve every drop of this resource. So we do need to change our relationship to how we think about water and use water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"CDLXU1dzX78YaKwbOq4Pb2i6vIMZ7YRX\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you think about it, all water is recycled water, said Orange County Water District engineer Mehul Patel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patel said his problem is, he doesn’t have enough of it. “We still need more, we would like more,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patel said the setup in Orange County could actually process more wastewater, if they had it. They tried to get wastewater from other districts, but they wanted to keep it — for their own wastewater recycling efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that leads to an interesting development in wastewater, Patel said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now wastewater isn’t seen as a resource,” he said. “But it could become a resource to the point where people may actually fight over it or the pricing of it. And people will be arguing over who has rights to that wastewater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s the future, he said — where water districts may be bidding against each other to acquire flushed water.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s prolonged and ongoing drought has at least one positive outcome. It has prompted water officials across the state to quickly develop new sources of water — and one of those new sources is flushed water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocwd.com/\">Orange County Water District \u003c/a>is leading the nation in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ocwd.com/gwrs/about-gwrs/\">wastewater treatment \u003c/a>to replenish groundwater supplies — and that project is expanding now, designed to eventually supply water to 2.4 million people, about 40 percent of all water needed in Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success in turning used water into drinking water in Orange County is being copied across the state, according to David Sedlak, a professor at UC Berkeley and co-director of the \u003ca href=\"http://bwc.berkeley.edu/\">Berkeley Water Center\u003c/a>, which monitors the state’s water policy and progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Water agencies in California have been watching Orange County for years now,” Sedlak said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='450'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297719879&visual=true&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297719879'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has set aside $1 billion for water recycling, including treating wastewater to drinking water standards. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleywater.org/\">Santa Clara Water Authority \u003c/a>and San Jose consulted with Orange County officials, and they’re now leading the way in Northern California. A huge \"toilet-to-tap\" effort is being planned by the city of Los Angeles, which could eventually top Orange County’s output.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost every water district in the state is planning some kind of wastewater-to-drinking-water effort now, Sedlak said, and that kind of rapid progress is unprecedented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you think about the normal glacial pace with which water infrastructure projects usually get built,” he said, “things are moving at a lightning pace in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I think pretty soon all of the water we have in sewer treatment plants is going to be recycled.'\u003ccite>Madelyn Glickfeld, UCLA\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nowhere quicker than Orange County, which currently processes 100 million gallons of wastewater a day. When the expansion is completed in 2022, that number is expected to climb to 130 million gallons a day. The district uses reverse osmosis and filtering technology to exceed state standards for drinking water, and then it pumps that water underground to refill its groundwater basin and aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That additional underground step accomplishes a number of things. By refilling the groundwater basin, there is less danger of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4693\">subsidence problem \u003c/a>afflicting the Central Valley, where groundwater pumping has \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/08/19/central-valley-is-sinking-faster-than-we-thought-in-current-drought/\" target=\"_blank\">caused the land to sink\u003c/a> as much as 2 inches a month. Filling the aquifers also keeps saltwater intrusion from the ocean away from freshwater supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And pumping it back underground might filter the water even more, and help keep the famous “ick factor” out of the conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11220160\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11220160\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-800x485.jpg\" alt=\"Water flows into Anaheim Lake, where it will be recharged into the Orange County Groundwater Basin.\" width=\"800\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-800x485.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-160x97.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-1020x618.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-1180x715.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-960x582.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-240x145.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-375x227.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Groundwater-520x315.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water flows into Anaheim Lake, where it will be recharged into the Orange County Groundwater Basin. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Orange County Water District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Orange County, all water flushed by residents will eventually become drinking water. And that’s in the cards for much of the rest of California, said UCLA water policy researcher Madelyn Glickfeld.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going so quickly,” she said. “I think pretty soon all of the water we have in sewer treatment plants is going to be recycled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously, water officials have been prodded by the drought, now entering year number six in California. Recent rains have eased some of the problems for northernmost areas, but federal officials \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/wrh/droughtca.php\">(NOAA) estimate\u003c/a> 87 percent of the state is still in drought, with over half in severe drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state cut water allocations again this year. This time districts are getting 20 percent of contracted water, which is better than last year’s 10 percent allocation but still much less than most districts need. Glickfeld said districts don’t want to rely on that water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the Water Replenishment District of Southern California, their goal is to stop importing water,” Glickfeld said. “And they think they can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11220167\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11220167\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Reverse osmosis membranes at the Groundwater Replenishment System.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Membranes-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Reverse osmosis membranes at the Groundwater Replenishment System. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Orange County Water District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Of course, getting new sources doesn’t mean much without cutting water use. Districts also are expanding programs to conserve water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not naturally a verdant area,” said Gary Gero, the new chief sustainability officer in Los Angeles County. He said Southern California may be ahead in wastewater recycling, but it’s behind in water conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one thing, he’d like to switch out those expansive Southern California lawns for low-water landscaping. He said climate change is expected to increase the severity of California’s droughts, so we will need more conservation, to go along with more wastewater recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’m an all-of-the-above sort of person,” Gero said. “We have to preserve every drop of this resource. So we do need to change our relationship to how we think about water and use water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you think about it, all water is recycled water, said Orange County Water District engineer Mehul Patel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patel said his problem is, he doesn’t have enough of it. “We still need more, we would like more,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patel said the setup in Orange County could actually process more wastewater, if they had it. They tried to get wastewater from other districts, but they wanted to keep it — for their own wastewater recycling efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that leads to an interesting development in wastewater, Patel said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right now wastewater isn’t seen as a resource,” he said. “But it could become a resource to the point where people may actually fight over it or the pricing of it. And people will be arguing over who has rights to that wastewater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s the future, he said — where water districts may be bidding against each other to acquire flushed water.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Workers pumped sand and concrete into a sinkhole that opened up over the weekend on the coast south of San Francisco, plugging most of it ahead of a storm expected this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday’s work came after the sinkhole emerged Saturday on a cliff in Pacifica. It closed access to a popular beach and caused concerns about recurring erosion due to heavy rains and high waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2gydWma\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NBC Bay Area reports\u003c/a> that large waves, known as king tides, may have caused it. Weather forecasters say the king tides are expected to peak Tuesday or Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/lenramirez/status/808432615862611968\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials don’t have an estimated time for the beach’s reopening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Pacifica apartment complex was demolished in March after erosion along the cliffs made the area unsafe. City leaders later declared a state of emergency.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Officials don’t have an estimated time for the beach’s reopening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Pacifica apartment complex was demolished in March after erosion along the cliffs made the area unsafe. City leaders later declared a state of emergency.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "King Tides Could Reach 7 Feet in the Bay Area This Week",
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"content": "\u003cp>Some of the year’s highest tides will hit California shorelines this week and they’re predicted to reach 7 feet in some areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strong winter high tides, known as king tides, happen annually in certain coastal and low-lying areas like Highway 101 near Lucky Drive in Marin County and the Embarcadero in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>KING TIDES THIS WEEK\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>• Monday: 9:30 a.m. at 6.96 feet\u003cbr>\n• Tuesday: 10:10 a.m. at 7.09 feet\u003cbr>\n• Wednesday: 10:57 a.m. at 7.06 feet\u003cbr>\n• Thursday: 11:44 a.m. at 6.85 feet\u003cbr>\n• Friday: 12:33 p.m. at 6.49 feet\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>King tides occur when the moon, sun and Earth are so close together they create a strong gravitational pull that produces the greatest tidal effects of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On an average day, these king tides reach further inland than the highest ordinary tides, which can inundate roads and cause huge swells along the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not going to be a massive danger to people but in certain low-lying areas people will see flooding,” says Marina Psaros, co-founder of \u003ca href=\"http://kingtides.net/about-us/who-we-are/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">King Tides Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psaros says spots in Mill Valley near Highway 1 can flood; in Pacifica, flooding is common, as is cliff erosion during big storms. Currently, one of the beaches in Pacifica is closed indefinitely because of \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/12/13/pacifica-concrete-pumped-into-sinkhole-on-eroded-cliff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a sinkhole that just opened\u003c/a> Saturday on a cliff in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.weather.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Weather Service\u003c/a> advises residents not to travel through flooded roadways or leave your vehicle in a low-lying parking lot near the coast and says to avoid narrow beaches and coves where your entry or exit could be blocked by rising waters.\u003cbr>\nhttps://twitter.com/CA_king_tides/status/808745206208032769\u003cbr>\nPsaros says rising water levels offer the opportunity to glimpse the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They [king tides] happen every year and it really helps us know what’s going to be underwater in the future with sea level rise,” says Psaros.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her organization is asking Californians to submit their king tide photos on Twitter using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/KingTides?src=hash\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#kingtides\u003c/a>. These crowd-sourced photos help NASA and USGS scientists use real life data to validate sea level rise and climate change models.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Some of the year’s highest tides will hit California shorelines this week and they’re predicted to reach 7 feet in some areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Strong winter high tides, known as king tides, happen annually in certain coastal and low-lying areas like Highway 101 near Lucky Drive in Marin County and the Embarcadero in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>KING TIDES THIS WEEK\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>• Monday: 9:30 a.m. at 6.96 feet\u003cbr>\n• Tuesday: 10:10 a.m. at 7.09 feet\u003cbr>\n• Wednesday: 10:57 a.m. at 7.06 feet\u003cbr>\n• Thursday: 11:44 a.m. at 6.85 feet\u003cbr>\n• Friday: 12:33 p.m. at 6.49 feet\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>King tides occur when the moon, sun and Earth are so close together they create a strong gravitational pull that produces the greatest tidal effects of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On an average day, these king tides reach further inland than the highest ordinary tides, which can inundate roads and cause huge swells along the beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not going to be a massive danger to people but in certain low-lying areas people will see flooding,” says Marina Psaros, co-founder of \u003ca href=\"http://kingtides.net/about-us/who-we-are/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">King Tides Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Psaros says spots in Mill Valley near Highway 1 can flood; in Pacifica, flooding is common, as is cliff erosion during big storms. Currently, one of the beaches in Pacifica is closed indefinitely because of \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/12/13/pacifica-concrete-pumped-into-sinkhole-on-eroded-cliff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a sinkhole that just opened\u003c/a> Saturday on a cliff in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.weather.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Weather Service\u003c/a> advises residents not to travel through flooded roadways or leave your vehicle in a low-lying parking lot near the coast and says to avoid narrow beaches and coves where your entry or exit could be blocked by rising waters.\u003cbr>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nPsaros says rising water levels offer the opportunity to glimpse the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They [king tides] happen every year and it really helps us know what’s going to be underwater in the future with sea level rise,” says Psaros.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her organization is asking Californians to submit their king tide photos on Twitter using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/KingTides?src=hash\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#kingtides\u003c/a>. These crowd-sourced photos help NASA and USGS scientists use real life data to validate sea level rise and climate change models.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Reports: Trump Leaning Toward ExxonMobil CEO for Secretary of State",
"title": "Reports: Trump Leaning Toward ExxonMobil CEO for Secretary of State",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump is leaning toward choosing Rex Tillerson as his nominee for secretary of state, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/rex-tillerson-exxon-mobil-expected-be-named-trump-s-secretary-n694371\">according to multiple news reports \u003c/a>this weekend. NPR has not independently confirmed those reports. The potential pick is already drawing scrutiny for the ExxonMobil CEO's close relationship with Russian President Vladimir Putin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he has no government experience, the 64-year-old Tillerson oversees a company that has operations in 50 countries around the world and has worked closely with Putin. In 2011, he struck a deal with a Kremlin-controlled oil company to drill in the Arctic, but the project was put on hold after the U.S. and Europe imposed sanctions on Russia over its actions in Ukraine, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-candidate-for-state-has-close-ties-to-vladimir-putin-1481033938\">\u003cem>Wall Street Journal\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tillerson has opposed U.S. sanctions against Russia, telling his company's shareholders in May 2014 that \"we don't find them to be effective unless they are very well implemented comprehensively and that's a very hard thing to do,\" according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/rex-tillerson-exxon-mobile-expected-be-named-trump-s-secretary-n694371?cid=eml_nbn_20161210\">NBC News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11217197\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11217197\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/gettyimages-123065051-93e1f43fa2415e4b6abfdeb752e046b1f2f2e823-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Russian President Vladimir Putin and Rex Tillerson, chairman and CEO of Exxon Mobil, share a laugh during a signing ceremony for an arctic oil exploration deal between Exxon Mobil and Rosneft in August 2011.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/gettyimages-123065051-93e1f43fa2415e4b6abfdeb752e046b1f2f2e823-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/gettyimages-123065051-93e1f43fa2415e4b6abfdeb752e046b1f2f2e823-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/gettyimages-123065051-93e1f43fa2415e4b6abfdeb752e046b1f2f2e823-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/gettyimages-123065051-93e1f43fa2415e4b6abfdeb752e046b1f2f2e823-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/gettyimages-123065051-93e1f43fa2415e4b6abfdeb752e046b1f2f2e823-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/gettyimages-123065051-93e1f43fa2415e4b6abfdeb752e046b1f2f2e823.jpg 926w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Russian President Vladimir Putin and Rex Tillerson, chairman and CEO of Exxon Mobil, share a laugh during a signing ceremony for an Arctic oil exploration deal between Exxon Mobil and Rosneft in August 2011. \u003ccite>(Sasha Mordovets/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The prospect of Tillerson as secretary of state sparked a round of criticism from Democrats, and even pushback from Republican senators who would vote on his nomination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida GOP Sen. Marco Rubio sits on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, which conducts hearings for secretary of state nominees, and tweeted on Sunday, \"Being a 'friend of Vladimir' is not an attribute I am hoping for from a #SecretaryOfState.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senator John McCain, R-Ariz., pledged that Tillerson will get a fair hearing in the Senate during at interview with CBS's \u003cem>Face The Nation\u003c/em>, but added, \"It's a matter of concern to me that he has such a close personal relationship with Vladimir Putin.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump and his transition team insist that no final decision has been made and that an announcement is coming this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/807970490635743237\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump praised many of the candidates he has interviewed for the job in an interview on \u003cem>Fox News Sunday\u003c/em>, where he was asked to make the case for Tillerson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's much more than a business executive. I mean, he's a world-class player,\" Trump said of the ExxonMobil chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's been a company that's been unbelievably managed,\" Trump continued. \"And to me, a great advantage is he knows many of the players, and he knows them well. He does massive deals in Russia. He does massive deals for the company, not for himself, for the company.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tillerson represented his company in Russia during Boris Yeltsin's administration, and in 2013 the Kremlin awarded him Russia's \"Order of Friendship.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"vRPwoWj4ArEuoSVahKYzyP32g31yspuv\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news of Tillerson's likely nomination comes just as the CIA has concluded that Russia intervened in the 2016 election specifically to help Trump win. Trump pushed back on that report late Friday, in a statement that disparaged the CIA but didn't address Russia's involvement. Throughout the campaign, Trump repeatedly praised Putin and questioned earlier reports from the CIA that Russian hackers were behind the release of emails from the Democratic National Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's deliberation over who should serve as the country's chief diplomat has been very public. In an interview process that has seemed at times to mirror the drama that the former reality TV star loves, other finalists for the job included Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Bob Corker, R-Tenn.; former CIA Director David Petraeus; and 2012 GOP presidential nominee Mitt Romney, a leading critic of Trump in the 2016 campaign. Romney recanted his comments calling Trump a \"phony\" and a \"fraud\" as he lobbied for the secretary of state job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations John Bolton was also seen in contention, but reports indicate he is likely to be named as deputy secretary of state, responsible for daily operations as the State Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolton served under President George W. Bush in the State Department and as U.N. ambassador, and he stands by the decision to invade Iraq in 2003 and overthrow Saddam Hussein. He also \u003ca href=\"http://nypost.com/2016/11/13/trump-needs-to-reverse-the-iran-deal-and-assert-our-interests/\">advocates for tearing up the Iran nuclear agreement\u003c/a> reached by the Obama administration. Bolton said recently that the only lasting solution is \"regime change in Tehran.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another onetime top pick, former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/09/politics/rudy-giuliani-removes-himself-from-consideration-for-trump-cabinet-post/\">announced\u003c/a> Friday he had taken himself out of the running, though earlier reports had indicated it was Trump who had already decided that one of his most fervent supporters and frequent surrogates would not get the plum post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Tillerson is nominated, there will be some tough questions ahead about how he can take on the role of America's top diplomat and distance himself from his company's interests and his vast holdings of Exxon shares, which are reportedly worth about $151 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some breaks between Tillerson and the president-elect. According to \u003ca href=\"https://origin-nyi.thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/308363-scarborough-trump-considering-exxon-ceo-for-secretary-of-state\">\u003cem>The Hill\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Tillerson does believe in man-made climate change and supports the Paris climate agreement that Trump opposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tillerson is a Texas native and has run ExxonMobil since 2006. He began his career at Exxon as an engineer in 1975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Michele Kelemen, Meg Anderson and Arnie Seipel contributed\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Rex Tillerson, a 64-year-old oil executive, has no government experience. His longtime ties to Russia, including President Vladimir Putin, are already drawing scrutiny from critics.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump is leaning toward choosing Rex Tillerson as his nominee for secretary of state, \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/rex-tillerson-exxon-mobil-expected-be-named-trump-s-secretary-n694371\">according to multiple news reports \u003c/a>this weekend. NPR has not independently confirmed those reports. The potential pick is already drawing scrutiny for the ExxonMobil CEO's close relationship with Russian President Vladimir Putin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he has no government experience, the 64-year-old Tillerson oversees a company that has operations in 50 countries around the world and has worked closely with Putin. In 2011, he struck a deal with a Kremlin-controlled oil company to drill in the Arctic, but the project was put on hold after the U.S. and Europe imposed sanctions on Russia over its actions in Ukraine, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/donald-trump-candidate-for-state-has-close-ties-to-vladimir-putin-1481033938\">\u003cem>Wall Street Journal\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tillerson has opposed U.S. sanctions against Russia, telling his company's shareholders in May 2014 that \"we don't find them to be effective unless they are very well implemented comprehensively and that's a very hard thing to do,\" according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/politics/2016-election/rex-tillerson-exxon-mobile-expected-be-named-trump-s-secretary-n694371?cid=eml_nbn_20161210\">NBC News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11217197\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11217197\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/gettyimages-123065051-93e1f43fa2415e4b6abfdeb752e046b1f2f2e823-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Russian President Vladimir Putin and Rex Tillerson, chairman and CEO of Exxon Mobil, share a laugh during a signing ceremony for an arctic oil exploration deal between Exxon Mobil and Rosneft in August 2011.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/gettyimages-123065051-93e1f43fa2415e4b6abfdeb752e046b1f2f2e823-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/gettyimages-123065051-93e1f43fa2415e4b6abfdeb752e046b1f2f2e823-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/gettyimages-123065051-93e1f43fa2415e4b6abfdeb752e046b1f2f2e823-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/gettyimages-123065051-93e1f43fa2415e4b6abfdeb752e046b1f2f2e823-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/gettyimages-123065051-93e1f43fa2415e4b6abfdeb752e046b1f2f2e823-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/gettyimages-123065051-93e1f43fa2415e4b6abfdeb752e046b1f2f2e823.jpg 926w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Russian President Vladimir Putin and Rex Tillerson, chairman and CEO of Exxon Mobil, share a laugh during a signing ceremony for an Arctic oil exploration deal between Exxon Mobil and Rosneft in August 2011. \u003ccite>(Sasha Mordovets/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The prospect of Tillerson as secretary of state sparked a round of criticism from Democrats, and even pushback from Republican senators who would vote on his nomination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Florida GOP Sen. Marco Rubio sits on the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, which conducts hearings for secretary of state nominees, and tweeted on Sunday, \"Being a 'friend of Vladimir' is not an attribute I am hoping for from a #SecretaryOfState.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senator John McCain, R-Ariz., pledged that Tillerson will get a fair hearing in the Senate during at interview with CBS's \u003cem>Face The Nation\u003c/em>, but added, \"It's a matter of concern to me that he has such a close personal relationship with Vladimir Putin.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump and his transition team insist that no final decision has been made and that an announcement is coming this week.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Trump praised many of the candidates he has interviewed for the job in an interview on \u003cem>Fox News Sunday\u003c/em>, where he was asked to make the case for Tillerson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's much more than a business executive. I mean, he's a world-class player,\" Trump said of the ExxonMobil chief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's been a company that's been unbelievably managed,\" Trump continued. \"And to me, a great advantage is he knows many of the players, and he knows them well. He does massive deals in Russia. He does massive deals for the company, not for himself, for the company.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tillerson represented his company in Russia during Boris Yeltsin's administration, and in 2013 the Kremlin awarded him Russia's \"Order of Friendship.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news of Tillerson's likely nomination comes just as the CIA has concluded that Russia intervened in the 2016 election specifically to help Trump win. Trump pushed back on that report late Friday, in a statement that disparaged the CIA but didn't address Russia's involvement. Throughout the campaign, Trump repeatedly praised Putin and questioned earlier reports from the CIA that Russian hackers were behind the release of emails from the Democratic National Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's deliberation over who should serve as the country's chief diplomat has been very public. In an interview process that has seemed at times to mirror the drama that the former reality TV star loves, other finalists for the job included Senate Foreign Relations Committee Chairman Bob Corker, R-Tenn.; former CIA Director David Petraeus; and 2012 GOP presidential nominee Mitt Romney, a leading critic of Trump in the 2016 campaign. Romney recanted his comments calling Trump a \"phony\" and a \"fraud\" as he lobbied for the secretary of state job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations John Bolton was also seen in contention, but reports indicate he is likely to be named as deputy secretary of state, responsible for daily operations as the State Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bolton served under President George W. Bush in the State Department and as U.N. ambassador, and he stands by the decision to invade Iraq in 2003 and overthrow Saddam Hussein. He also \u003ca href=\"http://nypost.com/2016/11/13/trump-needs-to-reverse-the-iran-deal-and-assert-our-interests/\">advocates for tearing up the Iran nuclear agreement\u003c/a> reached by the Obama administration. Bolton said recently that the only lasting solution is \"regime change in Tehran.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another onetime top pick, former New York City Mayor Rudy Giuliani, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/12/09/politics/rudy-giuliani-removes-himself-from-consideration-for-trump-cabinet-post/\">announced\u003c/a> Friday he had taken himself out of the running, though earlier reports had indicated it was Trump who had already decided that one of his most fervent supporters and frequent surrogates would not get the plum post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Tillerson is nominated, there will be some tough questions ahead about how he can take on the role of America's top diplomat and distance himself from his company's interests and his vast holdings of Exxon shares, which are reportedly worth about $151 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some breaks between Tillerson and the president-elect. According to \u003ca href=\"https://origin-nyi.thehill.com/policy/energy-environment/308363-scarborough-trump-considering-exxon-ceo-for-secretary-of-state\">\u003cem>The Hill\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Tillerson does believe in man-made climate change and supports the Paris climate agreement that Trump opposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tillerson is a Texas native and has run ExxonMobil since 2006. He began his career at Exxon as an engineer in 1975.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Michele Kelemen, Meg Anderson and Arnie Seipel contributed\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Drought: Six Years In, How Will the State Keep Saving Water?",
"headTitle": "California Drought: Six Years In, How Will the State Keep Saving Water? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California is working to put into place a framework that will help the state deal with its current water shortage, as well as future droughts that are likely to be more severe with a changing climate. “\u003ca title=\"Link: http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/conservation/docs/EO_B-37-16_Report.pdf\" href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/conservation/docs/EO_B-37-16_Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Making Water Conservation a Way of Life\u003c/a>,” a draft report released last week, is the collective effort of five state agencies to fulfill Gov. Jerry Brown’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19408\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Executive Order B-37-16\u003c/a>, signed in May 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the 1976-77 drought in California, the state has taken a series of progressive steps to increase drought resilience, as well as conservation and efficiency measures. More recently, the state passed \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SB\u003c/span> \u003cspan class=\"caps\">X7\u003c/span>‐7 in 2009, which mandates that, by 2020, California achieve a 20 percent reduction in per capita urban water use. And in the spring of 2015, Gov. Brown took the unprecedented step of issuing a statewide mandate on water conservation for the more than 400 urban water suppliers to reduce water use by 25 percent. Between June 2015 and March 2016 water consumption fell \u003cspan class=\"caps\">23.9 \u003c/span>percent, nearly hitting the governor’s ambitious goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After pressure from many water agencies, the State Water Resources Control Board halted the mandatory reductions and instead enacted a “stress test” for water agencies to certify that they have a three-year supply of water under drought conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with California’s drought extending beyond five years and climate change likely to alter the timing and amount of runoff from the Sierra Nevada, the state’s primary “reservoir,” state agencies are calling for more changes from urban and agricultural water suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Californians rose to the challenge during this historic drought and recognized that conservation is critical in the face of an uncertain future. This plan is about harnessing the creativity and innovation that Californians have shown during the driest years in state history and making water conservation a way of life in the years ahead,” said California Department of Water Resources director Mark Cowin. “This plan will help make permanent changes to water use so California is better prepared for whatever the future brings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1235873\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1235873\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661.jpg\" alt=\"Low water levels in Lake Shasta on August 25th, 2014 during the state's fourth year of drought. \" width=\"1200\" height=\"799\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Low water levels in Lake Shasta on August 25th, 2014 during the state’s fourth year of drought. \u003ccite>(Kelly M. Grow/ California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the provisions included in the plan would:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Make permanent the ban on wasteful water practices such as watering down driveways and other hardscapes;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provide technical help and incentives to aid water suppliers in finding and fixing leaks;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Develop new water use standards for urban water suppliers based on local conditions;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require water suppliers to be compliant with new water use targets by 2025;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require water suppliers to submit a five-year drought risk assessment;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improve drought resiliency for small, rural water agencies;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require agricultural water districts to create an annual water budget, a drought plan and measures for increasing efficiency.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>While the plan is widely hailed as a necessary step, there will likely be pushback over individual aspects from various stakeholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/content/about-acwa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Association of California Water Agencies\u003c/a> (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">ACWA\u003c/span>), which advocates on behalf of 430 public water agencies in the state, said it was still analyzing the draft plan and would be submitting comments to state agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We appreciate the acknowledgement in the draft plan that water management works best at the local level,” said Lisa Lien-Mager, the organization’s director of communications. But added, “Flexibility is a key issue. The state’s long-term conservation framework must allow for local flexibility to meet the objectives of the framework. While an allocation or budget-based approach will work for many of the larger water agencies, we know that smaller, more rural communities will need a simpler approach to meet the goals. They will need alternative approaches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the governor’s conservation mandate from 2015, focused on urban water suppliers, the current plan also includes agricultural suppliers. Ben Chou, a policy analyst for the water program of the Natural Resources of Defense Council, said the state should start by enforcing reporting rules that already exist for agriculture instead of making new ones that are going to be even more difficult to follow, such as water budgets that require information some water suppliers may not have the resources to acquire or analyze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Roughly half of agricultural water suppliers are not following these existing reporting requirements and the Department of Water Resources (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">DWR\u003c/span>) has not done much to increase compliance,” said Chou. “We’ve also asked that the agricultural water suppliers be required to standardize how they are reporting data. Right now, they are not required now to submit water management plans in a standard format or to file that report electronically, which makes it difficult for the public and \u003cspan class=\"caps\">DWR\u003c/span> to review plans and reports.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chou said that agricultural efficiency efforts should also focus on modernizing water delivery systems, since 12 percent of irrigated farms still receive water on a fixed schedule and not when it’s most needed. And that other efforts should focus on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/06/06/the-drought-solution-thats-under-our-feet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">role of healthy soils\u003c/a> in conserving water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Practices that improve soil health, such as conservation till and cover cropping, can reduce the need for irrigation by increasing the water infiltration and storage capabilities of soil,” stated a letter of public comment submitted by \u003cspan class=\"caps\">NRDC\u003c/span>, the Pacific Institute, California Climate and Agriculture Network and the Community Alliance With Family Farmers. “On average, conservation-till farmers use 30 percent less irrigation water than their conventional tilling peers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/conservation/comments.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Public comments\u003c/a> on the conservation draft plan are being accepted until December 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/12/09/how-california-plans-to-make-conservation-a-way-of-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Five state agencies in California have collaborated to come up with a draft plan aimed at improving California’s long-term water conservation efforts beyond emergency regulations as California’s drought is now in its sixth year.",
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"description": "Five state agencies in California have collaborated to come up with a draft plan aimed at improving California’s long-term water conservation efforts beyond emergency regulations as California’s drought is now in its sixth year.",
"title": "California Drought: Six Years In, How Will the State Keep Saving Water? | KQED",
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"slug": "california-drought-six-years-in-how-will-the-state-keep-saving-water",
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"nprByline": "Tara Lohan\u003c/br>Water Deeply",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is working to put into place a framework that will help the state deal with its current water shortage, as well as future droughts that are likely to be more severe with a changing climate. “\u003ca title=\"Link: http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/conservation/docs/EO_B-37-16_Report.pdf\" href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/conservation/docs/EO_B-37-16_Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Making Water Conservation a Way of Life\u003c/a>,” a draft report released last week, is the collective effort of five state agencies to fulfill Gov. Jerry Brown’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19408\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Executive Order B-37-16\u003c/a>, signed in May 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the 1976-77 drought in California, the state has taken a series of progressive steps to increase drought resilience, as well as conservation and efficiency measures. More recently, the state passed \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SB\u003c/span> \u003cspan class=\"caps\">X7\u003c/span>‐7 in 2009, which mandates that, by 2020, California achieve a 20 percent reduction in per capita urban water use. And in the spring of 2015, Gov. Brown took the unprecedented step of issuing a statewide mandate on water conservation for the more than 400 urban water suppliers to reduce water use by 25 percent. Between June 2015 and March 2016 water consumption fell \u003cspan class=\"caps\">23.9 \u003c/span>percent, nearly hitting the governor’s ambitious goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After pressure from many water agencies, the State Water Resources Control Board halted the mandatory reductions and instead enacted a “stress test” for water agencies to certify that they have a three-year supply of water under drought conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with California’s drought extending beyond five years and climate change likely to alter the timing and amount of runoff from the Sierra Nevada, the state’s primary “reservoir,” state agencies are calling for more changes from urban and agricultural water suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Californians rose to the challenge during this historic drought and recognized that conservation is critical in the face of an uncertain future. This plan is about harnessing the creativity and innovation that Californians have shown during the driest years in state history and making water conservation a way of life in the years ahead,” said California Department of Water Resources director Mark Cowin. “This plan will help make permanent changes to water use so California is better prepared for whatever the future brings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1235873\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1235873\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661.jpg\" alt=\"Low water levels in Lake Shasta on August 25th, 2014 during the state's fourth year of drought. \" width=\"1200\" height=\"799\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Low water levels in Lake Shasta on August 25th, 2014 during the state’s fourth year of drought. \u003ccite>(Kelly M. Grow/ California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the provisions included in the plan would:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Make permanent the ban on wasteful water practices such as watering down driveways and other hardscapes;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provide technical help and incentives to aid water suppliers in finding and fixing leaks;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Develop new water use standards for urban water suppliers based on local conditions;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require water suppliers to be compliant with new water use targets by 2025;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require water suppliers to submit a five-year drought risk assessment;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improve drought resiliency for small, rural water agencies;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require agricultural water districts to create an annual water budget, a drought plan and measures for increasing efficiency.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>While the plan is widely hailed as a necessary step, there will likely be pushback over individual aspects from various stakeholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/content/about-acwa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Association of California Water Agencies\u003c/a> (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">ACWA\u003c/span>), which advocates on behalf of 430 public water agencies in the state, said it was still analyzing the draft plan and would be submitting comments to state agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We appreciate the acknowledgement in the draft plan that water management works best at the local level,” said Lisa Lien-Mager, the organization’s director of communications. But added, “Flexibility is a key issue. The state’s long-term conservation framework must allow for local flexibility to meet the objectives of the framework. While an allocation or budget-based approach will work for many of the larger water agencies, we know that smaller, more rural communities will need a simpler approach to meet the goals. They will need alternative approaches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the governor’s conservation mandate from 2015, focused on urban water suppliers, the current plan also includes agricultural suppliers. Ben Chou, a policy analyst for the water program of the Natural Resources of Defense Council, said the state should start by enforcing reporting rules that already exist for agriculture instead of making new ones that are going to be even more difficult to follow, such as water budgets that require information some water suppliers may not have the resources to acquire or analyze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Roughly half of agricultural water suppliers are not following these existing reporting requirements and the Department of Water Resources (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">DWR\u003c/span>) has not done much to increase compliance,” said Chou. “We’ve also asked that the agricultural water suppliers be required to standardize how they are reporting data. Right now, they are not required now to submit water management plans in a standard format or to file that report electronically, which makes it difficult for the public and \u003cspan class=\"caps\">DWR\u003c/span> to review plans and reports.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chou said that agricultural efficiency efforts should also focus on modernizing water delivery systems, since 12 percent of irrigated farms still receive water on a fixed schedule and not when it’s most needed. And that other efforts should focus on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/06/06/the-drought-solution-thats-under-our-feet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">role of healthy soils\u003c/a> in conserving water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Practices that improve soil health, such as conservation till and cover cropping, can reduce the need for irrigation by increasing the water infiltration and storage capabilities of soil,” stated a letter of public comment submitted by \u003cspan class=\"caps\">NRDC\u003c/span>, the Pacific Institute, California Climate and Agriculture Network and the Community Alliance With Family Farmers. “On average, conservation-till farmers use 30 percent less irrigation water than their conventional tilling peers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/conservation/comments.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Public comments\u003c/a> on the conservation draft plan are being accepted until December 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/12/09/how-california-plans-to-make-conservation-a-way-of-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "If Trump Rejects Paris Climate Treaty, Could California Sign On?",
"headTitle": "If Trump Rejects Paris Climate Treaty, Could California Sign On? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>With President-elect Trump’s pro-fossil fuel rhetoric and the future of the international climate treaty looking cloudy, some are hoping California will \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/16/governor-brown-takes-climate-message-to-world-stage/\">take over leadership\u003c/a> on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it appears the state’s leaders are ready to do so. On Wednesday, California Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/14/gov-brown-to-embattled-climate-scientists-we-will-persevere/\">told embattled climate scientists\u003c/a> at the American Geophysical Union conference in San Francisco that the state stands ready to lead the charge against climate change if Washington won’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will set the stage,” he said. “We will set the example. And whatever Washington thinks they’re doing, California is the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some are hoping the Governor will take it a step farther and are asking an unprecedented question: if the U.S. pulls out of the international climate treaty, as Trump has said he wants to, could California sign on to it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297756271″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea came up when international leaders held their annual climate change meeting in Marrakesh just after Election Day in November. The goal was to put some teeth in the international treaty to cut carbon emissions, signed last year in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Lots of informal cooperation can actually be more important and more meaningful than the formal arrangements.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Michael Wara, Stanford Law School\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>With Trump’s win, suddenly the US delegation didn’t have much to say. But California’s delegation did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California will not retreat,” said \u003ca href=\"http://sd24.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kevin de León\u003c/a>, president pro tempore of the California State Senate, speaking at the meeting. “California will continue to be a beacon of hope and opportunity for the entire world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As anxiety over the future of the climate treaty grew, de León said many countries sought meetings with California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were a lot of nations and subnationals that were seeking a real sense of assurance that California will continue to move forward with its progressive climate change policy and leadership,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At which point, the international Paris treaty came up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a discussion point,” de León said. “The question was: Could the state of California be a direct party to the Paris accords through the United Nations? There are folks out there who are trying to see if this is legally possible. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the meeting, de León said “we’re not there yet but that’s always an option I want to keep open.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, would it work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The short answer is no,” said Michael Wara of Stanford Law School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”R0r5L01NGCGTa58nmK47E7nioSoowDRF”]The central reason is that the authors of the Constitution didn’t leave a lot of wiggle room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were very careful to ensure that the federal government and the president in particular would have sole authority to conduct foreign affairs,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has tested this before. In 1999, the state passed a law requiring European insurance companies disclose the names of people who signed up for policies before World War II. Families of Holocaust survivors were having trouble collecting insurance because the paperwork had been lost or destroyed in the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California law revoked the licenses of foreign insurance companies that didn’t comply. At the same time, the federal government was holding its own negotiations on the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, the Supreme Court struck down California’s law, finding that “there shouldn’t be two foreign policies,” Wara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That hasn’t mattered until now when it comes to climate,” he said. “The Obama Administration has loved the fact that California is out as leader, trying to advance its own agenda, sort of acting like a nation state. But we don’t live in that world anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reason California probably couldn’t sign on to the treaty comes from international law, according to Wara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Only nation-states can be parties to international agreements and only members to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change can be members of the Paris agreement,” he says. “And California is not a member.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wara says signing the treaty may not matter, because California has adopted it in practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has set objectives for itself that are far more aggressive than the U.S. commitments under the Paris agreement,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has an ambitious climate goal to slash emissions by 2030 through cleaner cars, renewable energy and its \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/09/cap-and-trade-101-how-californias-carbon-market-works/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a>, which regulates power plants and manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Brown has also launched his own climate movement, known as the \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Under2 MOU\u003c/a>, where the state has signed agreements to cut carbon emissions with more than 100 city and regional governments worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lots of informal cooperation can actually be more important and more meaningful than the formal arrangements,” Wara said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Some want to see California take the lead on climate change, stepping in for the Trump Administration on the international stage.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With President-elect Trump’s pro-fossil fuel rhetoric and the future of the international climate treaty looking cloudy, some are hoping California will \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/16/governor-brown-takes-climate-message-to-world-stage/\">take over leadership\u003c/a> on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it appears the state’s leaders are ready to do so. On Wednesday, California Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/14/gov-brown-to-embattled-climate-scientists-we-will-persevere/\">told embattled climate scientists\u003c/a> at the American Geophysical Union conference in San Francisco that the state stands ready to lead the charge against climate change if Washington won’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will set the stage,” he said. “We will set the example. And whatever Washington thinks they’re doing, California is the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some are hoping the Governor will take it a step farther and are asking an unprecedented question: if the U.S. pulls out of the international climate treaty, as Trump has said he wants to, could California sign on to it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297756271″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297756271″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea came up when international leaders held their annual climate change meeting in Marrakesh just after Election Day in November. The goal was to put some teeth in the international treaty to cut carbon emissions, signed last year in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Lots of informal cooperation can actually be more important and more meaningful than the formal arrangements.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Michael Wara, Stanford Law School\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>With Trump’s win, suddenly the US delegation didn’t have much to say. But California’s delegation did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California will not retreat,” said \u003ca href=\"http://sd24.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kevin de León\u003c/a>, president pro tempore of the California State Senate, speaking at the meeting. “California will continue to be a beacon of hope and opportunity for the entire world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As anxiety over the future of the climate treaty grew, de León said many countries sought meetings with California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were a lot of nations and subnationals that were seeking a real sense of assurance that California will continue to move forward with its progressive climate change policy and leadership,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At which point, the international Paris treaty came up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a discussion point,” de León said. “The question was: Could the state of California be a direct party to the Paris accords through the United Nations? There are folks out there who are trying to see if this is legally possible. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the meeting, de León said “we’re not there yet but that’s always an option I want to keep open.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, would it work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The short answer is no,” said Michael Wara of Stanford Law School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The central reason is that the authors of the Constitution didn’t leave a lot of wiggle room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were very careful to ensure that the federal government and the president in particular would have sole authority to conduct foreign affairs,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has tested this before. In 1999, the state passed a law requiring European insurance companies disclose the names of people who signed up for policies before World War II. Families of Holocaust survivors were having trouble collecting insurance because the paperwork had been lost or destroyed in the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California law revoked the licenses of foreign insurance companies that didn’t comply. At the same time, the federal government was holding its own negotiations on the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, the Supreme Court struck down California’s law, finding that “there shouldn’t be two foreign policies,” Wara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That hasn’t mattered until now when it comes to climate,” he said. “The Obama Administration has loved the fact that California is out as leader, trying to advance its own agenda, sort of acting like a nation state. But we don’t live in that world anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reason California probably couldn’t sign on to the treaty comes from international law, according to Wara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Only nation-states can be parties to international agreements and only members to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change can be members of the Paris agreement,” he says. “And California is not a member.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wara says signing the treaty may not matter, because California has adopted it in practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has set objectives for itself that are far more aggressive than the U.S. commitments under the Paris agreement,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has an ambitious climate goal to slash emissions by 2030 through cleaner cars, renewable energy and its \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/09/cap-and-trade-101-how-californias-carbon-market-works/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a>, which regulates power plants and manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Brown has also launched his own climate movement, known as the \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Under2 MOU\u003c/a>, where the state has signed agreements to cut carbon emissions with more than 100 city and regional governments worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lots of informal cooperation can actually be more important and more meaningful than the formal arrangements,” Wara said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
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