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"title": "California Drought: Six Years In, How Will the State Keep Saving Water?",
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"content": "\u003cp>California is working to put into place a framework that will help the state deal with its current water shortage, as well as future droughts that are likely to be more severe with a changing climate. “\u003ca title=\"Link: http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/conservation/docs/EO_B-37-16_Report.pdf\" href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/conservation/docs/EO_B-37-16_Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Making Water Conservation a Way of Life\u003c/a>,” a draft report released last week, is the collective effort of five state agencies to fulfill Gov. Jerry Brown’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19408\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Executive Order B-37-16\u003c/a>, signed in May 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the 1976-77 drought in California, the state has taken a series of progressive steps to increase drought resilience, as well as conservation and efficiency measures. More recently, the state passed \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SB\u003c/span> \u003cspan class=\"caps\">X7\u003c/span>‐7 in 2009, which mandates that, by 2020, California achieve a 20 percent reduction in per capita urban water use. And in the spring of 2015, Gov. Brown took the unprecedented step of issuing a statewide mandate on water conservation for the more than 400 urban water suppliers to reduce water use by 25 percent. Between June 2015 and March 2016 water consumption fell \u003cspan class=\"caps\">23.9 \u003c/span>percent, nearly hitting the governor’s ambitious goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After pressure from many water agencies, the State Water Resources Control Board halted the mandatory reductions and instead enacted a “stress test” for water agencies to certify that they have a three-year supply of water under drought conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with California’s drought extending beyond five years and climate change likely to alter the timing and amount of runoff from the Sierra Nevada, the state’s primary “reservoir,” state agencies are calling for more changes from urban and agricultural water suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Californians rose to the challenge during this historic drought and recognized that conservation is critical in the face of an uncertain future. This plan is about harnessing the creativity and innovation that Californians have shown during the driest years in state history and making water conservation a way of life in the years ahead,” said California Department of Water Resources director Mark Cowin. “This plan will help make permanent changes to water use so California is better prepared for whatever the future brings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1235873\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1235873\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661.jpg\" alt=\"Low water levels in Lake Shasta on August 25th, 2014 during the state's fourth year of drought. \" width=\"1200\" height=\"799\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Low water levels in Lake Shasta on August 25th, 2014 during the state’s fourth year of drought. \u003ccite>(Kelly M. Grow/ California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the provisions included in the plan would:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Make permanent the ban on wasteful water practices such as watering down driveways and other hardscapes;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provide technical help and incentives to aid water suppliers in finding and fixing leaks;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Develop new water use standards for urban water suppliers based on local conditions;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require water suppliers to be compliant with new water use targets by 2025;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require water suppliers to submit a five-year drought risk assessment;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improve drought resiliency for small, rural water agencies;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require agricultural water districts to create an annual water budget, a drought plan and measures for increasing efficiency.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>While the plan is widely hailed as a necessary step, there will likely be pushback over individual aspects from various stakeholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/content/about-acwa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Association of California Water Agencies\u003c/a> (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">ACWA\u003c/span>), which advocates on behalf of 430 public water agencies in the state, said it was still analyzing the draft plan and would be submitting comments to state agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We appreciate the acknowledgement in the draft plan that water management works best at the local level,” said Lisa Lien-Mager, the organization’s director of communications. But added, “Flexibility is a key issue. The state’s long-term conservation framework must allow for local flexibility to meet the objectives of the framework. While an allocation or budget-based approach will work for many of the larger water agencies, we know that smaller, more rural communities will need a simpler approach to meet the goals. They will need alternative approaches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the governor’s conservation mandate from 2015, focused on urban water suppliers, the current plan also includes agricultural suppliers. Ben Chou, a policy analyst for the water program of the Natural Resources of Defense Council, said the state should start by enforcing reporting rules that already exist for agriculture instead of making new ones that are going to be even more difficult to follow, such as water budgets that require information some water suppliers may not have the resources to acquire or analyze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Roughly half of agricultural water suppliers are not following these existing reporting requirements and the Department of Water Resources (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">DWR\u003c/span>) has not done much to increase compliance,” said Chou. “We’ve also asked that the agricultural water suppliers be required to standardize how they are reporting data. Right now, they are not required now to submit water management plans in a standard format or to file that report electronically, which makes it difficult for the public and \u003cspan class=\"caps\">DWR\u003c/span> to review plans and reports.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chou said that agricultural efficiency efforts should also focus on modernizing water delivery systems, since 12 percent of irrigated farms still receive water on a fixed schedule and not when it’s most needed. And that other efforts should focus on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/06/06/the-drought-solution-thats-under-our-feet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">role of healthy soils\u003c/a> in conserving water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Practices that improve soil health, such as conservation till and cover cropping, can reduce the need for irrigation by increasing the water infiltration and storage capabilities of soil,” stated a letter of public comment submitted by \u003cspan class=\"caps\">NRDC\u003c/span>, the Pacific Institute, California Climate and Agriculture Network and the Community Alliance With Family Farmers. “On average, conservation-till farmers use 30 percent less irrigation water than their conventional tilling peers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/conservation/comments.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Public comments\u003c/a> on the conservation draft plan are being accepted until December 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/12/09/how-california-plans-to-make-conservation-a-way-of-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Five state agencies in California have collaborated to come up with a draft plan aimed at improving California’s long-term water conservation efforts beyond emergency regulations as California’s drought is now in its sixth year.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is working to put into place a framework that will help the state deal with its current water shortage, as well as future droughts that are likely to be more severe with a changing climate. “\u003ca title=\"Link: http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/conservation/docs/EO_B-37-16_Report.pdf\" href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/conservation/docs/EO_B-37-16_Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Making Water Conservation a Way of Life\u003c/a>,” a draft report released last week, is the collective effort of five state agencies to fulfill Gov. Jerry Brown’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/news.php?id=19408\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Executive Order B-37-16\u003c/a>, signed in May 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the 1976-77 drought in California, the state has taken a series of progressive steps to increase drought resilience, as well as conservation and efficiency measures. More recently, the state passed \u003cspan class=\"caps\">SB\u003c/span> \u003cspan class=\"caps\">X7\u003c/span>‐7 in 2009, which mandates that, by 2020, California achieve a 20 percent reduction in per capita urban water use. And in the spring of 2015, Gov. Brown took the unprecedented step of issuing a statewide mandate on water conservation for the more than 400 urban water suppliers to reduce water use by 25 percent. Between June 2015 and March 2016 water consumption fell \u003cspan class=\"caps\">23.9 \u003c/span>percent, nearly hitting the governor’s ambitious goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After pressure from many water agencies, the State Water Resources Control Board halted the mandatory reductions and instead enacted a “stress test” for water agencies to certify that they have a three-year supply of water under drought conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with California’s drought extending beyond five years and climate change likely to alter the timing and amount of runoff from the Sierra Nevada, the state’s primary “reservoir,” state agencies are calling for more changes from urban and agricultural water suppliers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Californians rose to the challenge during this historic drought and recognized that conservation is critical in the face of an uncertain future. This plan is about harnessing the creativity and innovation that Californians have shown during the driest years in state history and making water conservation a way of life in the years ahead,” said California Department of Water Resources director Mark Cowin. “This plan will help make permanent changes to water use so California is better prepared for whatever the future brings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1235873\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1235873\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661.jpg\" alt=\"Low water levels in Lake Shasta on August 25th, 2014 during the state's fourth year of drought. \" width=\"1200\" height=\"799\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/KMG_Shasta_low_water_08661-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Low water levels in Lake Shasta on August 25th, 2014 during the state’s fourth year of drought. \u003ccite>(Kelly M. Grow/ California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Some of the provisions included in the plan would:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Make permanent the ban on wasteful water practices such as watering down driveways and other hardscapes;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Provide technical help and incentives to aid water suppliers in finding and fixing leaks;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Develop new water use standards for urban water suppliers based on local conditions;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require water suppliers to be compliant with new water use targets by 2025;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require water suppliers to submit a five-year drought risk assessment;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Improve drought resiliency for small, rural water agencies;\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Require agricultural water districts to create an annual water budget, a drought plan and measures for increasing efficiency.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>While the plan is widely hailed as a necessary step, there will likely be pushback over individual aspects from various stakeholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.acwa.com/content/about-acwa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Association of California Water Agencies\u003c/a> (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">ACWA\u003c/span>), which advocates on behalf of 430 public water agencies in the state, said it was still analyzing the draft plan and would be submitting comments to state agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We appreciate the acknowledgement in the draft plan that water management works best at the local level,” said Lisa Lien-Mager, the organization’s director of communications. But added, “Flexibility is a key issue. The state’s long-term conservation framework must allow for local flexibility to meet the objectives of the framework. While an allocation or budget-based approach will work for many of the larger water agencies, we know that smaller, more rural communities will need a simpler approach to meet the goals. They will need alternative approaches.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the governor’s conservation mandate from 2015, focused on urban water suppliers, the current plan also includes agricultural suppliers. Ben Chou, a policy analyst for the water program of the Natural Resources of Defense Council, said the state should start by enforcing reporting rules that already exist for agriculture instead of making new ones that are going to be even more difficult to follow, such as water budgets that require information some water suppliers may not have the resources to acquire or analyze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Roughly half of agricultural water suppliers are not following these existing reporting requirements and the Department of Water Resources (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">DWR\u003c/span>) has not done much to increase compliance,” said Chou. “We’ve also asked that the agricultural water suppliers be required to standardize how they are reporting data. Right now, they are not required now to submit water management plans in a standard format or to file that report electronically, which makes it difficult for the public and \u003cspan class=\"caps\">DWR\u003c/span> to review plans and reports.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chou said that agricultural efficiency efforts should also focus on modernizing water delivery systems, since 12 percent of irrigated farms still receive water on a fixed schedule and not when it’s most needed. And that other efforts should focus on the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/06/06/the-drought-solution-thats-under-our-feet\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">role of healthy soils\u003c/a> in conserving water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Practices that improve soil health, such as conservation till and cover cropping, can reduce the need for irrigation by increasing the water infiltration and storage capabilities of soil,” stated a letter of public comment submitted by \u003cspan class=\"caps\">NRDC\u003c/span>, the Pacific Institute, California Climate and Agriculture Network and the Community Alliance With Family Farmers. “On average, conservation-till farmers use 30 percent less irrigation water than their conventional tilling peers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/wateruseefficiency/conservation/comments.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Public comments\u003c/a> on the conservation draft plan are being accepted until December 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/12/09/how-california-plans-to-make-conservation-a-way-of-life\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "If Trump Rejects Paris Climate Treaty, Could California Sign On?",
"headTitle": "If Trump Rejects Paris Climate Treaty, Could California Sign On? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>With President-elect Trump’s pro-fossil fuel rhetoric and the future of the international climate treaty looking cloudy, some are hoping California will \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/16/governor-brown-takes-climate-message-to-world-stage/\">take over leadership\u003c/a> on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it appears the state’s leaders are ready to do so. On Wednesday, California Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/14/gov-brown-to-embattled-climate-scientists-we-will-persevere/\">told embattled climate scientists\u003c/a> at the American Geophysical Union conference in San Francisco that the state stands ready to lead the charge against climate change if Washington won’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will set the stage,” he said. “We will set the example. And whatever Washington thinks they’re doing, California is the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some are hoping the Governor will take it a step farther and are asking an unprecedented question: if the U.S. pulls out of the international climate treaty, as Trump has said he wants to, could California sign on to it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297756271″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea came up when international leaders held their annual climate change meeting in Marrakesh just after Election Day in November. The goal was to put some teeth in the international treaty to cut carbon emissions, signed last year in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Lots of informal cooperation can actually be more important and more meaningful than the formal arrangements.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Michael Wara, Stanford Law School\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>With Trump’s win, suddenly the US delegation didn’t have much to say. But California’s delegation did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California will not retreat,” said \u003ca href=\"http://sd24.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kevin de León\u003c/a>, president pro tempore of the California State Senate, speaking at the meeting. “California will continue to be a beacon of hope and opportunity for the entire world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As anxiety over the future of the climate treaty grew, de León said many countries sought meetings with California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were a lot of nations and subnationals that were seeking a real sense of assurance that California will continue to move forward with its progressive climate change policy and leadership,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At which point, the international Paris treaty came up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a discussion point,” de León said. “The question was: Could the state of California be a direct party to the Paris accords through the United Nations? There are folks out there who are trying to see if this is legally possible. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the meeting, de León said “we’re not there yet but that’s always an option I want to keep open.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, would it work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The short answer is no,” said Michael Wara of Stanford Law School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”R0r5L01NGCGTa58nmK47E7nioSoowDRF”]The central reason is that the authors of the Constitution didn’t leave a lot of wiggle room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were very careful to ensure that the federal government and the president in particular would have sole authority to conduct foreign affairs,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has tested this before. In 1999, the state passed a law requiring European insurance companies disclose the names of people who signed up for policies before World War II. Families of Holocaust survivors were having trouble collecting insurance because the paperwork had been lost or destroyed in the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California law revoked the licenses of foreign insurance companies that didn’t comply. At the same time, the federal government was holding its own negotiations on the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, the Supreme Court struck down California’s law, finding that “there shouldn’t be two foreign policies,” Wara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That hasn’t mattered until now when it comes to climate,” he said. “The Obama Administration has loved the fact that California is out as leader, trying to advance its own agenda, sort of acting like a nation state. But we don’t live in that world anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reason California probably couldn’t sign on to the treaty comes from international law, according to Wara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Only nation-states can be parties to international agreements and only members to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change can be members of the Paris agreement,” he says. “And California is not a member.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wara says signing the treaty may not matter, because California has adopted it in practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has set objectives for itself that are far more aggressive than the U.S. commitments under the Paris agreement,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has an ambitious climate goal to slash emissions by 2030 through cleaner cars, renewable energy and its \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/09/cap-and-trade-101-how-californias-carbon-market-works/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a>, which regulates power plants and manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Brown has also launched his own climate movement, known as the \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Under2 MOU\u003c/a>, where the state has signed agreements to cut carbon emissions with more than 100 city and regional governments worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lots of informal cooperation can actually be more important and more meaningful than the formal arrangements,” Wara said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With President-elect Trump’s pro-fossil fuel rhetoric and the future of the international climate treaty looking cloudy, some are hoping California will \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2015/11/16/governor-brown-takes-climate-message-to-world-stage/\">take over leadership\u003c/a> on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it appears the state’s leaders are ready to do so. On Wednesday, California Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/14/gov-brown-to-embattled-climate-scientists-we-will-persevere/\">told embattled climate scientists\u003c/a> at the American Geophysical Union conference in San Francisco that the state stands ready to lead the charge against climate change if Washington won’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We will set the stage,” he said. “We will set the example. And whatever Washington thinks they’re doing, California is the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some are hoping the Governor will take it a step farther and are asking an unprecedented question: if the U.S. pulls out of the international climate treaty, as Trump has said he wants to, could California sign on to it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297756271″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297756271″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea came up when international leaders held their annual climate change meeting in Marrakesh just after Election Day in November. The goal was to put some teeth in the international treaty to cut carbon emissions, signed last year in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Lots of informal cooperation can actually be more important and more meaningful than the formal arrangements.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Michael Wara, Stanford Law School\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>With Trump’s win, suddenly the US delegation didn’t have much to say. But California’s delegation did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California will not retreat,” said \u003ca href=\"http://sd24.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kevin de León\u003c/a>, president pro tempore of the California State Senate, speaking at the meeting. “California will continue to be a beacon of hope and opportunity for the entire world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As anxiety over the future of the climate treaty grew, de León said many countries sought meetings with California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were a lot of nations and subnationals that were seeking a real sense of assurance that California will continue to move forward with its progressive climate change policy and leadership,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At which point, the international Paris treaty came up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was a discussion point,” de León said. “The question was: Could the state of California be a direct party to the Paris accords through the United Nations? There are folks out there who are trying to see if this is legally possible. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the meeting, de León said “we’re not there yet but that’s always an option I want to keep open.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, would it work?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The short answer is no,” said Michael Wara of Stanford Law School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The central reason is that the authors of the Constitution didn’t leave a lot of wiggle room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They were very careful to ensure that the federal government and the president in particular would have sole authority to conduct foreign affairs,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has tested this before. In 1999, the state passed a law requiring European insurance companies disclose the names of people who signed up for policies before World War II. Families of Holocaust survivors were having trouble collecting insurance because the paperwork had been lost or destroyed in the war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California law revoked the licenses of foreign insurance companies that didn’t comply. At the same time, the federal government was holding its own negotiations on the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, the Supreme Court struck down California’s law, finding that “there shouldn’t be two foreign policies,” Wara said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That hasn’t mattered until now when it comes to climate,” he said. “The Obama Administration has loved the fact that California is out as leader, trying to advance its own agenda, sort of acting like a nation state. But we don’t live in that world anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reason California probably couldn’t sign on to the treaty comes from international law, according to Wara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Only nation-states can be parties to international agreements and only members to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change can be members of the Paris agreement,” he says. “And California is not a member.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Wara says signing the treaty may not matter, because California has adopted it in practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California has set objectives for itself that are far more aggressive than the U.S. commitments under the Paris agreement,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has an ambitious climate goal to slash emissions by 2030 through cleaner cars, renewable energy and its \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/11/09/cap-and-trade-101-how-californias-carbon-market-works/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cap-and-trade program\u003c/a>, which regulates power plants and manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Brown has also launched his own climate movement, known as the \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Under2 MOU\u003c/a>, where the state has signed agreements to cut carbon emissions with more than 100 city and regional governments worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lots of informal cooperation can actually be more important and more meaningful than the formal arrangements,” Wara said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "PG&E Finds Weaknesses in Its Gas Storage System in Review of Major 2015 Outage",
"title": "PG&E Finds Weaknesses in Its Gas Storage System in Review of Major 2015 Outage",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A Pacific Gas and Electric review of a major outage last year has uncovered a list of safety problems at the utility's largest gas storage facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The December 2015 outage, which left thousands of eastern Contra Costa County households without heat on one of the coldest days of the season, is still under investigation by state regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297569940\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It came five years after a PG&E natural gas pipeline explosion drew attention to poor record keeping and unsafe practices in operating the utility's pipeline network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time the utility did not consider the dangers associated with moisture entering its natural gas lines, and some of its operators did not trust some of the facility's storage controls, according to the company's report into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbaytimes.com/2015/12/28/discovery-bay-outage-pge-working-to-restore-gas-service/\" target=\"_blank\">gas outage that affected customers\u003c/a> in the communities of Discovery Bay and Byron last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E furnished a redacted copy of its root-cause analysis of last December's disruption at its McDonald Island facility on the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's release comes several months after PG&E \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog/Documents/GasStorage/State%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Supervisor%27s%20letter%20to%20PGE%206-30-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">temporarily closed the island's storage field\u003c/a> after finding fuel leaks at the site. Those leaks were discovered from inspections prompted by new state requirements that were the result of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/13/493813305/socal-gas-to-pay-4-million-after-massive-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">massive gas leak in Aliso Canyon\u003c/a> near Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"LCcel2g7Qfam76K333zgkVItUDlvRZPj\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"PG&E's asset and risk management practices did not adequately consider the risks associated with liquid or moisture intrusion into the gas system,\" the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's investigation pointed to \"an ineffective corrective maintenance system,\" as well as control room practices that \"were not sufficient for a facility which has this level of complexity and risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E says the episode has led to significant changes in how it operates its natural gas facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can look at this event and really get a view on what happened, and help prevent something like this from happening anywhere on our natural gas system,\" said PG&E spokesman Nick Stimmel in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Outage Prompts Concerns by Consumer Advocates and Environmentalists \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company's critics say the incident and the utility's findings point to the need for tougher oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer advocates say the report reveals the kinds of weaknesses in PG&E's gas transmission system that should have been corrected after\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/08/five-years-after-deadly-san-bruno-explosion-are-we-safer/\" target=\"_blank\"> the September 2010 natural gas pipeline blast\u003c/a> that killed eight people, injured dozens and destroyed 38 homes in San Bruno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here we are ... years later and apparently it's business as usual with PG&E,\" said Mindy Spatt, a spokeswoman for The Utility Reform Network, who reviewed the gas outage report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Why does it take some kind of a problem for PG&E to be aware of the need to properly maintain these gas facilities?\" Spatt asked. \"It appears from this report that they weren't doing that all along.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists say the report shows the state's natural gas systems need stronger regulation and that California needs to accelerate toward greener energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you don't have operational and maintenance requirements and the utmost rigor of managing your facilities, you can end up with problems,\" said Tim O'Connor, director of the Environmental Defense Fund's Oil and Gas Program in California, who also reviewed the report. \"Here, it looks to be a blend of both equipment and personnel that caused this impact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This equipment is in need of continuous repair and updating,\" O'Connor said. \"Sometimes valves break, sometimes human error can leave them open, and when that happens we can have impacts on the environment or impacts on our daily lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Connor says the Discovery Bay gas outage, other problems at PG&E's McDonald Island facility and the massive Aliso Canyon gas leak all show the management and oversight of the state's natural gas systems need to be overhauled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Only until we really diversify our energy mix away from being wholly reliant on natural gas to being more reliant on cleaner sources of energy can we have a better, more reliable system and reduce the impact that these problems can have on everyday people,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has submitted the report to the California Public Utilities Commission, which is investigating the outage. The CPUC's probe is not yet completed, according to commission spokeswoman Terrie Prosper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Details of Gas Outage Report\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 27, 2015, crews at PG&E's gas distribution control center noticed a drop in gas pressure along a system that brings the fuel to residents in Discovery Bay and Byron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem was tied to a station on McDonald Island, one of PG&E's three gas storage facilities. The company buys natural gas when there's less demand -- particularly in the summer when it's cheaper -- and stores it underground on the island until the higher-demand winter months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue was a regulating station that reduces pressure on natural gas lines. The one in this case, though, was frosted over and its pressure had become \"erratic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To isolate the problem, PG&E shut off gas service to some 6,000 gas customers during one of the coldest days of 2015, with lows in the area in the high 20s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The root-cause analysis found that because a bypass valve was improperly left open, natural gas flowing from the storage facility did not pass through equipment designed to remove moisture from the gas as it moves into PG&E's pipeline network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That allowed moisture-laden gas from the storage field to reach a regulator station that monitors gas flow before it heads to customers. The cold weather that night caused ice to form inside the gas line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In investigating the outage, PG&E learned that there was no online \"moisture analyzer\" at McDonald Island. Operators had to take manual readings of moisture on the line, and on the night of the incident no readings were taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The station tasked with regulating gas pressure between the storage facility and the company's customers did not protect against high levels of moisture in the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most stations have not been designed to protect against excessive moisture or liquid,\" the report stated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moisture reading in the gas line was 14 times higher than normal, according to Anneliese Anderle, a retired senior engineer at the state's Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderle, who reviewed PG&E's report for KQED, said it was cause for concern that some of the facility's operators did not trust storage controls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, 11 of the 15 valve indication lights at a status board at a station on McDonald Island were not working a month after the outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read PG&E's analysis below.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[scribd id=332938587 key=key-iEpRfiIAsxDStYQrLvp0 mode=scroll]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A Pacific Gas and Electric review of a major outage last year has uncovered a list of safety problems at the utility's largest gas storage facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The December 2015 outage, which left thousands of eastern Contra Costa County households without heat on one of the coldest days of the season, is still under investigation by state regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297569940&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297569940'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It came five years after a PG&E natural gas pipeline explosion drew attention to poor record keeping and unsafe practices in operating the utility's pipeline network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time the utility did not consider the dangers associated with moisture entering its natural gas lines, and some of its operators did not trust some of the facility's storage controls, according to the company's report into the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbaytimes.com/2015/12/28/discovery-bay-outage-pge-working-to-restore-gas-service/\" target=\"_blank\">gas outage that affected customers\u003c/a> in the communities of Discovery Bay and Byron last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E furnished a redacted copy of its root-cause analysis of last December's disruption at its McDonald Island facility on the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report's release comes several months after PG&E \u003ca href=\"http://www.conservation.ca.gov/dog/Documents/GasStorage/State%20Oil%20and%20Gas%20Supervisor%27s%20letter%20to%20PGE%206-30-16.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">temporarily closed the island's storage field\u003c/a> after finding fuel leaks at the site. Those leaks were discovered from inspections prompted by new state requirements that were the result of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/13/493813305/socal-gas-to-pay-4-million-after-massive-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">massive gas leak in Aliso Canyon\u003c/a> near Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"PG&E's asset and risk management practices did not adequately consider the risks associated with liquid or moisture intrusion into the gas system,\" the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's investigation pointed to \"an ineffective corrective maintenance system,\" as well as control room practices that \"were not sufficient for a facility which has this level of complexity and risk.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E says the episode has led to significant changes in how it operates its natural gas facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can look at this event and really get a view on what happened, and help prevent something like this from happening anywhere on our natural gas system,\" said PG&E spokesman Nick Stimmel in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Outage Prompts Concerns by Consumer Advocates and Environmentalists \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company's critics say the incident and the utility's findings point to the need for tougher oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consumer advocates say the report reveals the kinds of weaknesses in PG&E's gas transmission system that should have been corrected after\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/08/five-years-after-deadly-san-bruno-explosion-are-we-safer/\" target=\"_blank\"> the September 2010 natural gas pipeline blast\u003c/a> that killed eight people, injured dozens and destroyed 38 homes in San Bruno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here we are ... years later and apparently it's business as usual with PG&E,\" said Mindy Spatt, a spokeswoman for The Utility Reform Network, who reviewed the gas outage report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Why does it take some kind of a problem for PG&E to be aware of the need to properly maintain these gas facilities?\" Spatt asked. \"It appears from this report that they weren't doing that all along.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalists say the report shows the state's natural gas systems need stronger regulation and that California needs to accelerate toward greener energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you don't have operational and maintenance requirements and the utmost rigor of managing your facilities, you can end up with problems,\" said Tim O'Connor, director of the Environmental Defense Fund's Oil and Gas Program in California, who also reviewed the report. \"Here, it looks to be a blend of both equipment and personnel that caused this impact.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This equipment is in need of continuous repair and updating,\" O'Connor said. \"Sometimes valves break, sometimes human error can leave them open, and when that happens we can have impacts on the environment or impacts on our daily lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Connor says the Discovery Bay gas outage, other problems at PG&E's McDonald Island facility and the massive Aliso Canyon gas leak all show the management and oversight of the state's natural gas systems need to be overhauled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Only until we really diversify our energy mix away from being wholly reliant on natural gas to being more reliant on cleaner sources of energy can we have a better, more reliable system and reduce the impact that these problems can have on everyday people,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E has submitted the report to the California Public Utilities Commission, which is investigating the outage. The CPUC's probe is not yet completed, according to commission spokeswoman Terrie Prosper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Details of Gas Outage Report\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 27, 2015, crews at PG&E's gas distribution control center noticed a drop in gas pressure along a system that brings the fuel to residents in Discovery Bay and Byron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem was tied to a station on McDonald Island, one of PG&E's three gas storage facilities. The company buys natural gas when there's less demand -- particularly in the summer when it's cheaper -- and stores it underground on the island until the higher-demand winter months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At issue was a regulating station that reduces pressure on natural gas lines. The one in this case, though, was frosted over and its pressure had become \"erratic.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To isolate the problem, PG&E shut off gas service to some 6,000 gas customers during one of the coldest days of 2015, with lows in the area in the high 20s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The root-cause analysis found that because a bypass valve was improperly left open, natural gas flowing from the storage facility did not pass through equipment designed to remove moisture from the gas as it moves into PG&E's pipeline network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That allowed moisture-laden gas from the storage field to reach a regulator station that monitors gas flow before it heads to customers. The cold weather that night caused ice to form inside the gas line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In investigating the outage, PG&E learned that there was no online \"moisture analyzer\" at McDonald Island. Operators had to take manual readings of moisture on the line, and on the night of the incident no readings were taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The station tasked with regulating gas pressure between the storage facility and the company's customers did not protect against high levels of moisture in the pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Most stations have not been designed to protect against excessive moisture or liquid,\" the report stated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moisture reading in the gas line was 14 times higher than normal, according to Anneliese Anderle, a retired senior engineer at the state's Division of Oil, Gas, and Geothermal Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderle, who reviewed PG&E's report for KQED, said it was cause for concern that some of the facility's operators did not trust storage controls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, 11 of the 15 valve indication lights at a status board at a station on McDonald Island were not working a month after the outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Read PG&E's analysis below.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "GGNRA Releases Final Dog Plan ... And Dog Lovers Are Not Happy",
"title": "GGNRA Releases Final Dog Plan ... And Dog Lovers Are Not Happy",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>After a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/getinvolved/plan-dog-mgt-timeline.htm\" target=\"_blank\">decade and a half\u003c/a> of contentious debate, the issue of where dogs can and cannot be in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area is about to be put to rest. But that doesn't mean that everyone is happy about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GGNRA released its \u003ca href=\"https://parkplanning.nps.gov/document.cfm?documentID=76471\" target=\"_blank\">Final Environmental Impact Statement\u003c/a> (FEIS) on Thursday, which outlined its preferred solution to the dog question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That solution designates around one-third of trails under GGNRA management in San Francisco, Marin and San Mateo counties as dog-friendly and sets aside off-leash dog areas at Rodeo Beach, Crissy Field, Ocean Beach, Fort Funston and Rancho Corral de Tierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our plan responsibly ensures that we are a park for everybody,\" said GGNRA spokesman Nathan Sargent at a news conference Thursday morning. \"Dog walking will continue at GGNRA, off-leash recreation will continue and dog-free areas will be defined as well in the park.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This plan is an updated version of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/25/golden-gate-national-recreation-area-dog-rules/\" target=\"_blank\">proposed rules\u003c/a> the GGNRA put out in February of this year. That proposal was not popular among groups looking to expand park and trail access to dogs, and the GGNRA received more than 4,100 public comments in the three months following the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11211512\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11211512\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Dual-Map-800x304.jpg\" alt=\"These two maps show the changes made to the Golden Gate National Recreation Area Dog Management Plan between February and December 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"304\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These two maps show the changes made to the Golden Gate National Recreation Area Dog Management Plan between February and December 2016. \u003ccite>(Via National Park Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sargent says these comments informed multiple changes to the February proposal, including the new off-leash area at Rancho Corral de Tierra and expansion of both off-leash and dog-free zones at San Francisco's Crissy Field. He says the goal was to create a plan that strikes a balance between visitors who want to unleash their dogs and those who want a dog-free park experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But dog advocates don't see it quite the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is in no way a compromise,\" said Christine Corwin, president of the Coastside Dog Owners Group of San Mateo County. She said the 3-acre off-leash zone added in Rancho Corral de Tierra, the only off-leash area in San Mateo County, is inconvenient for most people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most hotly contested spaces is Crissy Field. The entire field is currently open to dogs on or off their leashes. The new plan would slice up the field 40 percent off-leash, 43 percent on-leash and 17 percent dog-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no need for these restrictions,\" said Martha Walters, co-founder and chair of the Crissy Field Dog Group. She said she's worried the new rules could lead to more user conflict as people with dogs are forced into smaller areas of the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a loss of access for a lot of people,\" said Laura Pandapas, a board member of the Marin County Dog Owners Group. She said the loss of two-thirds of trails in Marin County that were previously open to dogs could make them less attractive for people, like women running or hiking alone who feel more comfortable with a dog. She was also disappointed that the plan doesn't include more of the recommendations outlined by U.S. Rep. Jared Huffman earlier this fall in \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/325686996/Letter-to-GGNRA#fullscreen&from_embed\" target=\"_blank\">a letter\u003c/a> to the GGNRA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone is upset about the new plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a smart plan,\" said Neal Desai, Pacific Region field director with the National Parks Conservation Association. He said it provides certainty to what kind of environment visitors can expect and takes into account concerns about nature and wildlife conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Americans expect our national parks to protect the wildlife that's within them,\" he said. \"So the goal is can we accommodate dogs in a way that allows for a balance, and I think that's what this plan is striving to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sargent says a final ruling on the plan will be issued by the National Park Service early next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "GGNRA Releases Final Dog Plan ... And Dog Lovers Are Not Happy",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/goga/getinvolved/plan-dog-mgt-timeline.htm\" target=\"_blank\">decade and a half\u003c/a> of contentious debate, the issue of where dogs can and cannot be in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area is about to be put to rest. But that doesn't mean that everyone is happy about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GGNRA released its \u003ca href=\"https://parkplanning.nps.gov/document.cfm?documentID=76471\" target=\"_blank\">Final Environmental Impact Statement\u003c/a> (FEIS) on Thursday, which outlined its preferred solution to the dog question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That solution designates around one-third of trails under GGNRA management in San Francisco, Marin and San Mateo counties as dog-friendly and sets aside off-leash dog areas at Rodeo Beach, Crissy Field, Ocean Beach, Fort Funston and Rancho Corral de Tierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our plan responsibly ensures that we are a park for everybody,\" said GGNRA spokesman Nathan Sargent at a news conference Thursday morning. \"Dog walking will continue at GGNRA, off-leash recreation will continue and dog-free areas will be defined as well in the park.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This plan is an updated version of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/25/golden-gate-national-recreation-area-dog-rules/\" target=\"_blank\">proposed rules\u003c/a> the GGNRA put out in February of this year. That proposal was not popular among groups looking to expand park and trail access to dogs, and the GGNRA received more than 4,100 public comments in the three months following the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11211512\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11211512\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Dual-Map-800x304.jpg\" alt=\"These two maps show the changes made to the Golden Gate National Recreation Area Dog Management Plan between February and December 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"304\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">These two maps show the changes made to the Golden Gate National Recreation Area Dog Management Plan between February and December 2016. \u003ccite>(Via National Park Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sargent says these comments informed multiple changes to the February proposal, including the new off-leash area at Rancho Corral de Tierra and expansion of both off-leash and dog-free zones at San Francisco's Crissy Field. He says the goal was to create a plan that strikes a balance between visitors who want to unleash their dogs and those who want a dog-free park experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But dog advocates don't see it quite the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is in no way a compromise,\" said Christine Corwin, president of the Coastside Dog Owners Group of San Mateo County. She said the 3-acre off-leash zone added in Rancho Corral de Tierra, the only off-leash area in San Mateo County, is inconvenient for most people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the most hotly contested spaces is Crissy Field. The entire field is currently open to dogs on or off their leashes. The new plan would slice up the field 40 percent off-leash, 43 percent on-leash and 17 percent dog-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no need for these restrictions,\" said Martha Walters, co-founder and chair of the Crissy Field Dog Group. She said she's worried the new rules could lead to more user conflict as people with dogs are forced into smaller areas of the park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a loss of access for a lot of people,\" said Laura Pandapas, a board member of the Marin County Dog Owners Group. She said the loss of two-thirds of trails in Marin County that were previously open to dogs could make them less attractive for people, like women running or hiking alone who feel more comfortable with a dog. She was also disappointed that the plan doesn't include more of the recommendations outlined by U.S. Rep. Jared Huffman earlier this fall in \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/325686996/Letter-to-GGNRA#fullscreen&from_embed\" target=\"_blank\">a letter\u003c/a> to the GGNRA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not everyone is upset about the new plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a smart plan,\" said Neal Desai, Pacific Region field director with the National Parks Conservation Association. He said it provides certainty to what kind of environment visitors can expect and takes into account concerns about nature and wildlife conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Americans expect our national parks to protect the wildlife that's within them,\" he said. \"So the goal is can we accommodate dogs in a way that allows for a balance, and I think that's what this plan is striving to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sargent says a final ruling on the plan will be issued by the National Park Service early next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Democrats’ Domination May Save California Climate Program",
"headTitle": "Democrats’ Domination May Save California Climate Program | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>As Democrats in Congress confront the specter of watching as the country’s climate policies are dismantled by President-elect Trump, key gains by the party in California could help Sacramento take over as the nation’s leader in the fight against global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a Democrat last week \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-democrats-nab-a-supermajority-after-1480383488-htmlstory.html\">securing the final seat\u003c/a> in the state senate, the party held onto its supermajority there. It also expanded its majority in the Assembly beyond the two-thirds supermajority threshold.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">California Democrats will try to use their supermajorities to extend cap-and-trade beyond 2020.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Those supermajorities may prove pivotal for climate policy in a high-profile state — one with the nation’s largest population, which releases more greenhouse gas pollution overall every year than any other. California is home to one of the world’s biggest economies, it’s an influential leader globally on climate policy, and it recently adopted some of the most ambitious goals for slowing warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s cabinet nominees, his anti-climate campaign rhetoric and Republican opposition to environmental rules suggest federal climate legislation and regulations could be eviscerated by the new White House and Congress. Meanwhile, Golden State Democrats will be trying to use their supermajorities to extend an imperilled landmark climate program — called cap-and-trade — beyond 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such an extension would almost certainly require two-thirds lawmaker approval in the state assembly and senate. That’s because lawmaking rules in California are different for taxes and fees than for other kinds of bills, which can be passed with simple majority votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is headed in a very different direction than the rest of the country,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.spur.org/about/staff/gabriel-metcalf\">Gabriel Metcalf\u003c/a>, president of San Francisco-based think tank SPUR. “The importance of California’s climate strategy is not just that it’s a big state with a big population. It’s also that it will be something that the rest of the country is paying attention to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1225742\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/markets_chart_update_CC.jpg\" alt=\"markets_chart_update_cc\" width=\"720\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/markets_chart_update_CC.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/markets_chart_update_CC-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/markets_chart_update_CC-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/markets_chart_update_CC-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/markets_chart_update_CC-520x355.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">Although it’s just a few years old, California operates the world’s second biggest cap-and-trade program (the European Union’s is bigger). Permits that are needed to pollute the atmosphere with greenhouse gases are called allowances. They’re purchased by Californian power plants, oil refineries and factories and traded by financial speculators, \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/carbon-pricing-pays-way-for-cleaner-energy-18691\">raising hundreds of millions of dollars\u003c/a> yearly for green projects while capping pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/paris-pact-promotes-but-complicates-carbon-trading-20058\">cap-and-trade programs\u003c/a> are operated by China, South Korea, New Zealand, a coalition of East Coast states and elsewhere. Instead of operating cap-and-trade programs, British Columbia and some other governments \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/02/business/does-a-carbon-tax-work-ask-british-columbia.html?_r=0\">impose taxes\u003c/a> on greenhouse gas pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollution from fossil fuels, farms and deforestation has increased temperatures nearly 2°F (about 1°C) and raised sea levels more than half a foot in the past two centuries. Americans overall have caused \u003ca href=\"http://www.wri.org/blog/2014/11/6-graphs-explain-world%E2%80%99s-top-10-emitters\">about one sixth\u003c/a> of that pollution — about the same as China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global warming has \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/heat-turbocharged-californias-epic-drought-18404\">worsened California’s drought\u003c/a> and it’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/climate-change-behind-surge-western-wildfires-20775\">fueling wildfires\u003c/a> throughout the West. Climate change made deadly \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/louisiana-floods-directly-linked-to-climate-change-20671\">late summer flooding\u003c/a> in Louisiana more intense and it routinely \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/the-human-fingerprints-on-coastal-floods-20050\">triggers coastal floods\u003c/a> during high tides along the East Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States have less influence in the fight against global warming than the federal government, but California’s cap-and-trade program is pioneering and could continue to serve as a model for other governments. Other states can join the program — Quebec joined in 2014, saving it the time and expense of creating and running a new program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And legal experts say the only way California lawmakers could extend cap-and-trade after 2020 would be with \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/legal-doubts-over-californias-cap-and-trade-20607\">supermajority votes\u003c/a>. Although state officials and some environmentalists have argued that’s not necessary, they acknowledge that supermajority votes would protect the program from lawsuits. Those votes proved unattainable this year, leading to speculation the program will perish. A ballot measure may be introduced if lawmaker approval remains elusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As elsewhere, prices paid for pollution allowances in California have been so low as to be nearly negligible. Prices in California may quickly spike, however, if the program gets extended beyond 2020. That would put California’s cap-and-trade program to a globally unprecedented test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Democrats in Sacramento generally supporting aggressive climate action and their opponents generally opposing it, the November boost to the party’s legislative domination made it more likely that cap-and-trade will continue operating beyond 2020. But it’s not guaranteed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown this week told reporters that it can be “very challenging” to take advantage of supermajorities. That could be particularly true in California, which is a diverse and deeply blue state in which Democrats representing some regions are far more conservative or liberal than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And not all Democrats in California support cap-and trade. Some have opposed it, skeptical of its economic impacts. Other Democratic lawmakers represent low-income neighborhoods where industrial air pollution could get worse if the current program isn’t substantially tweaked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are many difficult policy tradeoffs that we face, and lots of disagreements within the Democratic party,” Metcalf said. “At least we all agree that climate change is an urgent problem that needs solving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rising temperatures and seas and falling prices for clean solar and wind energy have spurred a global consensus on the urgency of climate action, \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/world-unites-delivers-hopeful-climate-deal-19808\">culminating in Paris in December\u003c/a> with finalization of a United Nations climate treaty. Global carbon dioxide emissions may have leveled off in recent years, but they must fall sharply in the years ahead if the treaty’s goals of limiting warming to well below 3.6°F (2°C) can be achieved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Obama championed the Paris climate agreement, pledging that America would reduce its climate impacts by about a quarter by 2025 compared with 2005. He joined with China in urging other countries to ambitiously tackle their own emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The global consensus on climate that Obama helped to build was shattered last month by the election of Trump, a businessman who campaigned on his opposition to climate action and the Paris agreement. Trump is moving quickly to assemble a cabinet and a White House dominated by climate science deniers and opponents of environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America’s looming U-turn on climate policy has experts looking hopefully to states and other national governments for leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is in a good position, in that a large majority of the public is very supportive of climate action,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/people/erica-morehouse\">Erica Morehouse\u003c/a>, a senior attorney at the nonprofit Environmental Defense Fund. “We’re going to be looking to all of the members of the legislature to meet that need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenges for cap-and-trade in California aren’t just political. A lawsuit against the program was filed by the California Chamber of Commerce, which argues that the program imposes illegal taxes. Oral arguments have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.evomarkets.com/pdf_documents/evo/ca_chamber_lawsuit_hearings_set.pdf\">scheduled by an appeals court\u003c/a> for late January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large corporations, Republicans and conservative-leaning Democrats haven’t been the only groups in California speaking out against the cap-and-trade program. Groups representing low-income communities of color who live near power plants and other industrial facilities are also worried by some of the utility-friendly rules of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of shortcomings with the current system,” said \u003ca href=\"http://greenlining.org/about-greenlining/our-team/\">Alvaro Sanchez\u003c/a>, environmental equity director at the nonprofit Greenlining Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez said he hopes Democrats take advantage of their supermajorities to extend cap-and-trade, but that concerns about the program must be addressed before his group could support legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current cap-and-trade program has allowed air pollution to worsen in some poor neighborhoods, sickening residents. It’s also difficult for those communities to navigate the paperwork needed to secure funding for local clean energy, workforce development and transportation projects using cap-and-trade funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m excited, I feel like we have the tools at our disposal to be able to advance something that would take advantage of that supermajority,” Sanchez said. “If an extension is proposed that does nothing to address those concerns, it would be really difficult to support.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s cap-and-trade program has had little impact on the state’s greenhouse gas emissions so far. That’s because other state programs and rules, such as rules requiring utilities to sell certain amounts of green energy, have done most of the work in helping the state achieve its goals of reducing climate pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the cap-and-trade program, some Californian power plants have actually been \u003ca href=\"http://dornsife.usc.edu/PERE/enviro-equity-CA-cap-trade\">increasing the amount of pollution\u003c/a> they release in recent years, partly because utilities have been importing clean energy from other states to meet targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may change after 2020, when California begins pursuing more aggressive pollution reduction goals than nearly any other state or nation worldwide. Lawmakers in August \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/californias-new-climate-rules-explained-20639\">approved a law\u003c/a> requiring the state to pursue a 40 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, compared with 1990 levels. Emissions in 2020 are required to return to 1990 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An effective cap-and-trade program in California is more important than ever,” said Harvard economics professor \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.harvard.edu/stavins/home\">Robert Stavins\u003c/a>, who directs the Harvard Project on Climate Agreements. “It’s crucial that California increases its reliance on its cap-and-trade system, rather than relying on conventional regulatory approaches, which are much more costly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules will make it more difficult for utilities and other polluters to stay under the state’s carbon cap, which could cause demand for dwindling supplies of pollution allowances available each year to spike. That may push Californian cap-and-trade prices to levels never seen anywhere in the world. If that risks causing an economic shock, the governor has the power to suspend cap-and-trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s reasonable to expect very high carbon prices in the near term once there is legal certainty about what’s going to happen in California,” said Stanford energy and environmental law expert \u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/directory/michael-wara/\">Michael Wara\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wara said such high carbon prices would be felt by consumers, such as through higher electricity bills and more expensive gas prices. That could reduce lawmaker and public support for cap-and-trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Easing those financial impacts may require finding new ways of reimbursing consumers. Revenues from cap-and-trade are currently used to reduce electricity bills and to fund high-speed rail and other green projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a general belief that’s about to be tested in California that people won’t tolerate high carbon prices,” Wara said. “You’d better have some way of putting money in people’s hands to offset that change — and it has to be a way that people feel and notice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As Democrats in Congress confront the specter of watching as the country’s climate policies are dismantled by President-elect Trump, key gains by the party in California could help Sacramento take over as the nation’s leader in the fight against global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a Democrat last week \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/essential/la-pol-ca-essential-politics-updates-democrats-nab-a-supermajority-after-1480383488-htmlstory.html\">securing the final seat\u003c/a> in the state senate, the party held onto its supermajority there. It also expanded its majority in the Assembly beyond the two-thirds supermajority threshold.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">California Democrats will try to use their supermajorities to extend cap-and-trade beyond 2020.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Those supermajorities may prove pivotal for climate policy in a high-profile state — one with the nation’s largest population, which releases more greenhouse gas pollution overall every year than any other. California is home to one of the world’s biggest economies, it’s an influential leader globally on climate policy, and it recently adopted some of the most ambitious goals for slowing warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s cabinet nominees, his anti-climate campaign rhetoric and Republican opposition to environmental rules suggest federal climate legislation and regulations could be eviscerated by the new White House and Congress. Meanwhile, Golden State Democrats will be trying to use their supermajorities to extend an imperilled landmark climate program — called cap-and-trade — beyond 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such an extension would almost certainly require two-thirds lawmaker approval in the state assembly and senate. That’s because lawmaking rules in California are different for taxes and fees than for other kinds of bills, which can be passed with simple majority votes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is headed in a very different direction than the rest of the country,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.spur.org/about/staff/gabriel-metcalf\">Gabriel Metcalf\u003c/a>, president of San Francisco-based think tank SPUR. “The importance of California’s climate strategy is not just that it’s a big state with a big population. It’s also that it will be something that the rest of the country is paying attention to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-1225742\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/markets_chart_update_CC.jpg\" alt=\"markets_chart_update_cc\" width=\"720\" height=\"492\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/markets_chart_update_CC.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/markets_chart_update_CC-160x109.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/markets_chart_update_CC-240x164.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/markets_chart_update_CC-375x256.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/markets_chart_update_CC-520x355.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">Although it’s just a few years old, California operates the world’s second biggest cap-and-trade program (the European Union’s is bigger). Permits that are needed to pollute the atmosphere with greenhouse gases are called allowances. They’re purchased by Californian power plants, oil refineries and factories and traded by financial speculators, \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/carbon-pricing-pays-way-for-cleaner-energy-18691\">raising hundreds of millions of dollars\u003c/a> yearly for green projects while capping pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/paris-pact-promotes-but-complicates-carbon-trading-20058\">cap-and-trade programs\u003c/a> are operated by China, South Korea, New Zealand, a coalition of East Coast states and elsewhere. Instead of operating cap-and-trade programs, British Columbia and some other governments \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/02/business/does-a-carbon-tax-work-ask-british-columbia.html?_r=0\">impose taxes\u003c/a> on greenhouse gas pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollution from fossil fuels, farms and deforestation has increased temperatures nearly 2°F (about 1°C) and raised sea levels more than half a foot in the past two centuries. Americans overall have caused \u003ca href=\"http://www.wri.org/blog/2014/11/6-graphs-explain-world%E2%80%99s-top-10-emitters\">about one sixth\u003c/a> of that pollution — about the same as China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Global warming has \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/heat-turbocharged-californias-epic-drought-18404\">worsened California’s drought\u003c/a> and it’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/climate-change-behind-surge-western-wildfires-20775\">fueling wildfires\u003c/a> throughout the West. Climate change made deadly \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/louisiana-floods-directly-linked-to-climate-change-20671\">late summer flooding\u003c/a> in Louisiana more intense and it routinely \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/the-human-fingerprints-on-coastal-floods-20050\">triggers coastal floods\u003c/a> during high tides along the East Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>States have less influence in the fight against global warming than the federal government, but California’s cap-and-trade program is pioneering and could continue to serve as a model for other governments. Other states can join the program — Quebec joined in 2014, saving it the time and expense of creating and running a new program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And legal experts say the only way California lawmakers could extend cap-and-trade after 2020 would be with \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/legal-doubts-over-californias-cap-and-trade-20607\">supermajority votes\u003c/a>. Although state officials and some environmentalists have argued that’s not necessary, they acknowledge that supermajority votes would protect the program from lawsuits. Those votes proved unattainable this year, leading to speculation the program will perish. A ballot measure may be introduced if lawmaker approval remains elusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As elsewhere, prices paid for pollution allowances in California have been so low as to be nearly negligible. Prices in California may quickly spike, however, if the program gets extended beyond 2020. That would put California’s cap-and-trade program to a globally unprecedented test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Democrats in Sacramento generally supporting aggressive climate action and their opponents generally opposing it, the November boost to the party’s legislative domination made it more likely that cap-and-trade will continue operating beyond 2020. But it’s not guaranteed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown this week told reporters that it can be “very challenging” to take advantage of supermajorities. That could be particularly true in California, which is a diverse and deeply blue state in which Democrats representing some regions are far more conservative or liberal than others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And not all Democrats in California support cap-and trade. Some have opposed it, skeptical of its economic impacts. Other Democratic lawmakers represent low-income neighborhoods where industrial air pollution could get worse if the current program isn’t substantially tweaked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are many difficult policy tradeoffs that we face, and lots of disagreements within the Democratic party,” Metcalf said. “At least we all agree that climate change is an urgent problem that needs solving.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rising temperatures and seas and falling prices for clean solar and wind energy have spurred a global consensus on the urgency of climate action, \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/world-unites-delivers-hopeful-climate-deal-19808\">culminating in Paris in December\u003c/a> with finalization of a United Nations climate treaty. Global carbon dioxide emissions may have leveled off in recent years, but they must fall sharply in the years ahead if the treaty’s goals of limiting warming to well below 3.6°F (2°C) can be achieved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Obama championed the Paris climate agreement, pledging that America would reduce its climate impacts by about a quarter by 2025 compared with 2005. He joined with China in urging other countries to ambitiously tackle their own emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The global consensus on climate that Obama helped to build was shattered last month by the election of Trump, a businessman who campaigned on his opposition to climate action and the Paris agreement. Trump is moving quickly to assemble a cabinet and a White House dominated by climate science deniers and opponents of environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America’s looming U-turn on climate policy has experts looking hopefully to states and other national governments for leadership.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is in a good position, in that a large majority of the public is very supportive of climate action,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.edf.org/people/erica-morehouse\">Erica Morehouse\u003c/a>, a senior attorney at the nonprofit Environmental Defense Fund. “We’re going to be looking to all of the members of the legislature to meet that need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenges for cap-and-trade in California aren’t just political. A lawsuit against the program was filed by the California Chamber of Commerce, which argues that the program imposes illegal taxes. Oral arguments have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.evomarkets.com/pdf_documents/evo/ca_chamber_lawsuit_hearings_set.pdf\">scheduled by an appeals court\u003c/a> for late January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large corporations, Republicans and conservative-leaning Democrats haven’t been the only groups in California speaking out against the cap-and-trade program. Groups representing low-income communities of color who live near power plants and other industrial facilities are also worried by some of the utility-friendly rules of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are a lot of shortcomings with the current system,” said \u003ca href=\"http://greenlining.org/about-greenlining/our-team/\">Alvaro Sanchez\u003c/a>, environmental equity director at the nonprofit Greenlining Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez said he hopes Democrats take advantage of their supermajorities to extend cap-and-trade, but that concerns about the program must be addressed before his group could support legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current cap-and-trade program has allowed air pollution to worsen in some poor neighborhoods, sickening residents. It’s also difficult for those communities to navigate the paperwork needed to secure funding for local clean energy, workforce development and transportation projects using cap-and-trade funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m excited, I feel like we have the tools at our disposal to be able to advance something that would take advantage of that supermajority,” Sanchez said. “If an extension is proposed that does nothing to address those concerns, it would be really difficult to support.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s cap-and-trade program has had little impact on the state’s greenhouse gas emissions so far. That’s because other state programs and rules, such as rules requiring utilities to sell certain amounts of green energy, have done most of the work in helping the state achieve its goals of reducing climate pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the cap-and-trade program, some Californian power plants have actually been \u003ca href=\"http://dornsife.usc.edu/PERE/enviro-equity-CA-cap-trade\">increasing the amount of pollution\u003c/a> they release in recent years, partly because utilities have been importing clean energy from other states to meet targets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That may change after 2020, when California begins pursuing more aggressive pollution reduction goals than nearly any other state or nation worldwide. Lawmakers in August \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/californias-new-climate-rules-explained-20639\">approved a law\u003c/a> requiring the state to pursue a 40 percent reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, compared with 1990 levels. Emissions in 2020 are required to return to 1990 levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An effective cap-and-trade program in California is more important than ever,” said Harvard economics professor \u003ca href=\"http://scholar.harvard.edu/stavins/home\">Robert Stavins\u003c/a>, who directs the Harvard Project on Climate Agreements. “It’s crucial that California increases its reliance on its cap-and-trade system, rather than relying on conventional regulatory approaches, which are much more costly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new rules will make it more difficult for utilities and other polluters to stay under the state’s carbon cap, which could cause demand for dwindling supplies of pollution allowances available each year to spike. That may push Californian cap-and-trade prices to levels never seen anywhere in the world. If that risks causing an economic shock, the governor has the power to suspend cap-and-trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s reasonable to expect very high carbon prices in the near term once there is legal certainty about what’s going to happen in California,” said Stanford energy and environmental law expert \u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/directory/michael-wara/\">Michael Wara\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wara said such high carbon prices would be felt by consumers, such as through higher electricity bills and more expensive gas prices. That could reduce lawmaker and public support for cap-and-trade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Easing those financial impacts may require finding new ways of reimbursing consumers. Revenues from cap-and-trade are currently used to reduce electricity bills and to fund high-speed rail and other green projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a general belief that’s about to be tested in California that people won’t tolerate high carbon prices,” Wara said. “You’d better have some way of putting money in people’s hands to offset that change — and it has to be a way that people feel and notice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A 6.5 magnitude quake struck off the coast of Northern California early Thursday, about 100 miles west of Ferndale, the U.S. Geological Survey reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No tsunami warning \u003ca href=\"http://www.tsunami.gov/events/PAAQ/2016/12/08/ohvfux/1/WEAK53/WEAK53.txt\">has been issued\u003c/a> and no damages have been reported. The quake struck at 6:49 a.m. and at a depth of 7.5 miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in the affected region live in homes that are highly resistant to earthquake shaking, though there are some vulnerable structures, \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us20007z6r#pager\">USGS said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A 6.5 magnitude quake struck off the coast of Northern California early Thursday, about 100 miles west of Ferndale, the U.S. Geological Survey reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No tsunami warning \u003ca href=\"http://www.tsunami.gov/events/PAAQ/2016/12/08/ohvfux/1/WEAK53/WEAK53.txt\">has been issued\u003c/a> and no damages have been reported. The quake struck at 6:49 a.m. and at a depth of 7.5 miles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in the affected region live in homes that are highly resistant to earthquake shaking, though there are some vulnerable structures, \u003ca href=\"http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us20007z6r#pager\">USGS said\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Divers and Scientists Try to Save Northern California's Kelp Forests",
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"content": "\u003cp>Jon Holcomb is an old-time urchin diver with the leathery skin of a man who spends a lot of time on his boat. On a sunny morning in August, he motors out to a cove by the town of Mendocino, and squints across the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was solid kelp,” says Holcomb. “When we first came here in the mid-’80s, this was a complete mat, you couldn’t swim through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, it’s devoid of kelp,” he says. “It’s like a lake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 42 years, Holcomb has made his living diving for red urchins. Their buttery insides are a delicacy in Japanese restaurants where they show up on menus as uni.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11202020\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11202020\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Holcomb shows the insides of an empty purple urchin, surviving without much kelp to eat.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Holcomb shows the insides of an empty purple urchin, surviving without much kelp to eat. \u003ccite>(Carrie Boyle/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Urchins live off kelp, and in the last three years the kelp forests on the Northern California coast have collapsed. Income for local red urchin divers has plummeted by 90 percent in three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without kelp you lose all your shellfishery. You lose the abalone fishery, you lose the urchin fishery,” says Holcomb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kelp here has been devoured by a different kind of urchin: purple urchins. They’re smaller, less meaty and not worth fishing for. And they’re voracious eaters of kelp.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The kelp forest has just gotten it from all sides.’\u003ccite>Cynthia Catton, marine biologist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Nothing can survive their appetite,” says Holcomb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, many parts of Northern California’s coast have turned into what scientists call an urchin barren. There’s not much life besides a mass of spiny purple creatures carpeting the seafloor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are starving animals that don’t die from starvation,” says Holcomb. “They just keep breeding and there’s more and more of them every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A ‘Perfect Storm’\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelp beds play a key role in marine ecology. The fast-growing seaweed is a food source for many undersea animals. It also forms a habitat for young fish that hide in its stalks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The size of kelp forests normally varies from year to year. But Cynthia Catton, a marine biologist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, says that in decades of observation, such low levels are unprecedented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in a new phase,” says Catton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what happened?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catton says that the kelp forests were hit by a “perfect storm” of factors. “The kelp forest has just gotten it from all sides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first blow began in 2013, with a wasting disease that devastated sea star population along the entire Pacific Coast of North America. They are the urchins’ main predator. With sea stars in decline, purple urchins went on a kelp-eating rampage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a friend who calls them the goats of the sea,” says Catton. “They form these feeding fronts and they just munch through everywhere they’re walking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next problem: Kelp need cold water. In 2014, oceanographers noticed an unusual warming in the Northern Pacific — even more than could be explained by climate science. For lack of a better term, they called it the “warm blob.” Then, last year’s El Niño made the water even warmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catton’s team saw the kelp forests between the Bay Area and the Oregon border shrink by 93 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11202032\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11202032\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Marine biologist Cynthia Catton meets divers Carson Bell and Jon Holcomb on a seafood processing dock in Fort Bragg.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marine biologist Cynthia Catton meets divers Carson Bell and Jon Holcomb on a seafood processing dock in Fort Bragg. \u003ccite>(Carrie Boyle/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Restoring the Kelp Forest\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shellfish divers are not always the closest allies with the agencies that monitor their fishing. As Jon Holcomb puts it, “we’re resource users, and they’re resource protectors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now they share the same goal: restoring the kelp forest ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holcomb and a few other divers have volunteered to help biologist Catton with a restoration effort. They’ve been diving underwater to remove masses of purple urchins from a few test sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re hoping that in those sites, their effort to remove urchins will allow kelp to grow back in the spring. The challenge is collecting thousands of urchins at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back out on his boat near Mendocino, Holcomb assembles the device he’s developed for just this purpose. He slaps together 10-foot-long pieces of fiberglass tubing to make a sort of underwater vacuum cleaner.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s much like trying to scratch the paint off a house with a pin. It’s not gonna be easy.’\u003ccite>Jon Holcomb, urchin diver\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Not real pretty,” he says, adjusting the tube. “I didn’t get carried away here on the aesthetics of this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a modified version of a tool called an airlift, which is used to clear sand and silt from the seafloor. This one is built for purple urchins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holcomb puts on his scuba gear, and connects the pipes to an air compressor on deck. Then he dives down with the equipment to depths of about 30 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaXExXw4R0A\">videos\u003c/a> he’s made of his process, the seafloor looks like a minefield of spiky purple creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holcomb uses a little metal rake to scrape the urchins off the rocks, and into his fiberglass tube. The device sucks the urchins up, and deposits them into a large net.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This day, it takes him almost two hours to clear off an area smaller than a tennis court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he finally comes up, his net is packed with thousands of purple urchins with wiggly spines. They’re much lighter than the same number of urchins would be in a healthy kelp forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holcomb smashes one open to show that there’s no flesh inside. “They’re all empty,” says Holcomb. “There’s no food value in them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11202000\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11202000\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Jon Holcomb, a veteran diver with his urchin airlift.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jon Holcomb, a veteran diver with his urchin airlift. \u003ccite>(Carrie Boyle/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We head back to a dock in Fort Bragg, where Catton has brought a group of local volunteers to count and measure the urchins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to be able to say, ‘How much effort does this take?’ ” says Catton. “‘How effective is this on a small scale? How can we expand this effectively? And if not, what do we need to do differently?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a few months, her team will return to the test sites to find out if the divers’ efforts have allowed kelp to grow back. But even if their experiment succeeds, the problem of restoring the coastline is vast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s much like trying to scratch the paint off a house with a pin,” says Holcomb. “It’s not gonna be easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently though, a few changes in the ocean may point towards a recovery for the kelp forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warm blob in the Pacific has abated. The storms of the last few months have cooled off the ocean, and water temperatures are closer to normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, many sea star populations along the coast appear to be recovering. If they survive to adulthood without dying of the wasting disease, they could help bring back the balance of the ecosystem — eating the urchins that have been eating the kelp.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In the last three years, the kelp forests on the Northern California coast have collapsed. ",
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"title": "Divers and Scientists Try to Save Northern California's Kelp Forests | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jon Holcomb is an old-time urchin diver with the leathery skin of a man who spends a lot of time on his boat. On a sunny morning in August, he motors out to a cove by the town of Mendocino, and squints across the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was solid kelp,” says Holcomb. “When we first came here in the mid-’80s, this was a complete mat, you couldn’t swim through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, it’s devoid of kelp,” he says. “It’s like a lake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 42 years, Holcomb has made his living diving for red urchins. Their buttery insides are a delicacy in Japanese restaurants where they show up on menus as uni.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11202020\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11202020\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Holcomb shows the insides of an empty purple urchin, surviving without much kelp to eat.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Holcomb shows the insides of an empty purple urchin, surviving without much kelp to eat. \u003ccite>(Carrie Boyle/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Urchins live off kelp, and in the last three years the kelp forests on the Northern California coast have collapsed. Income for local red urchin divers has plummeted by 90 percent in three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without kelp you lose all your shellfishery. You lose the abalone fishery, you lose the urchin fishery,” says Holcomb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kelp here has been devoured by a different kind of urchin: purple urchins. They’re smaller, less meaty and not worth fishing for. And they’re voracious eaters of kelp.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The kelp forest has just gotten it from all sides.’\u003ccite>Cynthia Catton, marine biologist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Nothing can survive their appetite,” says Holcomb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, many parts of Northern California’s coast have turned into what scientists call an urchin barren. There’s not much life besides a mass of spiny purple creatures carpeting the seafloor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are starving animals that don’t die from starvation,” says Holcomb. “They just keep breeding and there’s more and more of them every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A ‘Perfect Storm’\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelp beds play a key role in marine ecology. The fast-growing seaweed is a food source for many undersea animals. It also forms a habitat for young fish that hide in its stalks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The size of kelp forests normally varies from year to year. But Cynthia Catton, a marine biologist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, says that in decades of observation, such low levels are unprecedented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in a new phase,” says Catton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what happened?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catton says that the kelp forests were hit by a “perfect storm” of factors. “The kelp forest has just gotten it from all sides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first blow began in 2013, with a wasting disease that devastated sea star population along the entire Pacific Coast of North America. They are the urchins’ main predator. With sea stars in decline, purple urchins went on a kelp-eating rampage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a friend who calls them the goats of the sea,” says Catton. “They form these feeding fronts and they just munch through everywhere they’re walking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next problem: Kelp need cold water. In 2014, oceanographers noticed an unusual warming in the Northern Pacific — even more than could be explained by climate science. For lack of a better term, they called it the “warm blob.” Then, last year’s El Niño made the water even warmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catton’s team saw the kelp forests between the Bay Area and the Oregon border shrink by 93 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11202032\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11202032\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Marine biologist Cynthia Catton meets divers Carson Bell and Jon Holcomb on a seafood processing dock in Fort Bragg.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marine biologist Cynthia Catton meets divers Carson Bell and Jon Holcomb on a seafood processing dock in Fort Bragg. \u003ccite>(Carrie Boyle/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Restoring the Kelp Forest\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shellfish divers are not always the closest allies with the agencies that monitor their fishing. As Jon Holcomb puts it, “we’re resource users, and they’re resource protectors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now they share the same goal: restoring the kelp forest ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holcomb and a few other divers have volunteered to help biologist Catton with a restoration effort. They’ve been diving underwater to remove masses of purple urchins from a few test sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re hoping that in those sites, their effort to remove urchins will allow kelp to grow back in the spring. The challenge is collecting thousands of urchins at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back out on his boat near Mendocino, Holcomb assembles the device he’s developed for just this purpose. He slaps together 10-foot-long pieces of fiberglass tubing to make a sort of underwater vacuum cleaner.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s much like trying to scratch the paint off a house with a pin. It’s not gonna be easy.’\u003ccite>Jon Holcomb, urchin diver\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Not real pretty,” he says, adjusting the tube. “I didn’t get carried away here on the aesthetics of this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a modified version of a tool called an airlift, which is used to clear sand and silt from the seafloor. This one is built for purple urchins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holcomb puts on his scuba gear, and connects the pipes to an air compressor on deck. Then he dives down with the equipment to depths of about 30 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaXExXw4R0A\">videos\u003c/a> he’s made of his process, the seafloor looks like a minefield of spiky purple creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holcomb uses a little metal rake to scrape the urchins off the rocks, and into his fiberglass tube. The device sucks the urchins up, and deposits them into a large net.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This day, it takes him almost two hours to clear off an area smaller than a tennis court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he finally comes up, his net is packed with thousands of purple urchins with wiggly spines. They’re much lighter than the same number of urchins would be in a healthy kelp forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holcomb smashes one open to show that there’s no flesh inside. “They’re all empty,” says Holcomb. “There’s no food value in them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11202000\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11202000\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Jon Holcomb, a veteran diver with his urchin airlift.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jon Holcomb, a veteran diver with his urchin airlift. \u003ccite>(Carrie Boyle/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We head back to a dock in Fort Bragg, where Catton has brought a group of local volunteers to count and measure the urchins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to be able to say, ‘How much effort does this take?’ ” says Catton. “‘How effective is this on a small scale? How can we expand this effectively? And if not, what do we need to do differently?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a few months, her team will return to the test sites to find out if the divers’ efforts have allowed kelp to grow back. But even if their experiment succeeds, the problem of restoring the coastline is vast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s much like trying to scratch the paint off a house with a pin,” says Holcomb. “It’s not gonna be easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently though, a few changes in the ocean may point towards a recovery for the kelp forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warm blob in the Pacific has abated. The storms of the last few months have cooled off the ocean, and water temperatures are closer to normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, many sea star populations along the coast appear to be recovering. If they survive to adulthood without dying of the wasting disease, they could help bring back the balance of the ecosystem — eating the urchins that have been eating the kelp.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Better Forecasts Ahead for Western Weather and Natural Disasters",
"headTitle": "Better Forecasts Ahead for Western Weather and Natural Disasters | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A new satellite parked 22,000 miles (35,000km) over the United States promises to deliver better storm forecasting for California and other Western states plagued by drought, floods and other weather extremes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The \u003ca href=\"http://www.goes-r.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GOES\u003c/span>-R\u003c/span>\u003c/a> satellite was \u003ca title=\"Link: http://www.noaa.gov/media-release/goes-r-heads-to-orbit-will-improve-weather-forecasting\" href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/media-release/goes-r-heads-to-orbit-will-improve-weather-forecasting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">successfully launched\u003c/span>\u003c/a> from Cape Canaveral on Nov. 19. It is the first in a new generation of weather satellites that will be able to scan the planet five times faster and offer four times better imaging resolution than the current technology.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The new imagery offered by \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GOES\u003c/span>-R (\u003c/span>Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series) will be like switching from black-and-white \u003cspan class=\"caps\">TV\u003c/span> to high definition, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“That means if I’m looking at a thunderstorm, before I wouldn’t get a picture of a storm but every 10 to 15 minutes,” said William Rasch, science and operations officer at the National Weather Service office in Sacramento. “But now, I’ll get a picture every 30 seconds. We’re going to see a lot more data than we were before.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1217909\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1217909\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k.jpg\" alt=\"GOES-R lifted off on November 19, 2016 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station's Space Launch Complex 41, aboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas V 541 rocket. GOES-R is the first of four satellites to be launched for NOAA in a new and advanced series of spacecraft. Once in geostationary orbit, it will be known as GOES-16. \" width=\"2048\" height=\"1367\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-1920x1282.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">GOES-R lifted off on November 19, 2016 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station’s Space Launch Complex 41, aboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas V 541 rocket. GOES-R is the first of four satellites to be launched for NOAA in a new and advanced series of spacecraft. Once in geostationary orbit, it will be known as GOES-16. \u003ccite>(ULA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GOES\u003c/span>-R is also bristling with new sensors. For instance, it carries the first operational lightning mapper in geostationary orbit. This will allow scientists to observe lightning as it evolves – an important indicator of storm intensity and direction.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also includes sensors to monitor space weather such as solar flares, which may help predict the timing and intensity of potentially damaging electromagnetic storms on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">More importantly for drought-plagued states like California, \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GOES\u003c/span>-R will be parked in geostationary orbit over the West, allowing meteorologists to better predict precipitation, run-off amounts and flood risk.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Rasch said meteorologists now rely on weather balloons to obtain some of the fine detail they need on what’s happening in the atmosphere and in approaching storms. But these are launched only twice daily, and are as far as 100 miles apart. The new satellite will fill in those gaps with an almost real-time stream of data and imagery.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1217910\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1217910\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/14400595575_991a1c5be4_o.jpg\" alt=\"Artist’s conception of the GOES-R spacecraft with the location of each instrument identified. \" width=\"760\" height=\"590\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/14400595575_991a1c5be4_o.jpg 760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/14400595575_991a1c5be4_o-160x124.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/14400595575_991a1c5be4_o-240x186.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/14400595575_991a1c5be4_o-375x291.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/14400595575_991a1c5be4_o-520x404.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist’s conception of the GOES-R spacecraft with the location of each instrument identified. \u003ccite>(Lockheed Martin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“The information is going to lead to some really good lead time for things like severe weather,” he said. “It’s probably one of the biggest advances we’ve had in the weather world for a long time.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GOES\u003c/span>-R is part of a series of four new geostationary weather satellites to be launched up to 2036, providing significantly improved coverage of the planet. Eventually, all the new data they churn out will also improve the computer models forecasters use to predict the weather.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This will help inform better decision-making about approaching storms, in turn improving, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2016/04/11/rob-hartman-time-to-manage-reservoirs-differently\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">reservoir management\u003c/span>\u003c/a> to conserve water and prevent floods.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Those improvements, however, could take years as the stream of new data is slowly integrated into forecasting models.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s4\">“\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">I think the biggest advantage from this will be data from over the Pacific Ocean going into the computer models we use for forecasting weather,” said Jan Null, an independent meteorologist at Golden Gate Weather Services in Saratoga, Calif. \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s4\">“\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">People studying atmospheric rivers and things like that, they’re going to have better data to analyze.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The National Weather Service is also in the early stages of rolling out a new computer \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2016/07/27/the-weather-service-just-took-a-critical-first-step-in-creating-a-new-u-s-forecasting-model/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">weather model\u003c/span>\u003c/a> to take advantage of all the data from the new satellites, potentially offering a significant increase in forecast accuracy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But Null cautions that all this is happening as the weather service is about to begin a major \u003ca href=\"http://www.mypalmbeachpost.com/news/weather/weather-service-says-increase-in-severe-events-is-/nswCF/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">reorganization\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, which may see staffing slashed at some forecasting offices.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“So you might have more data, but there are fewer people to look at it,” he said. “\u003c/span>It has the meteorological community very concerned. Just because we get a picture every 30 seconds doesn’t mean we can \u003ci>use\u003c/i> it every 30 seconds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Even so, the new satellite weather images are expected to be dazzling. And they will be seen wherever the public has access to weather information – from the nightly \u003cspan class=\"caps\">TV\u003c/span> forecast to smartphone apps.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Bill Patzert, a climatologist at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">NASA\u003c/span>’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, said the better imagery would also help manage the response to fast-moving natural disasters such as forest fires. Emergency managers will have better images arriving more often to help them track a fire’s size and direction.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“I think of a good weather forecaster as a lifesaver,” Patzert said. “Now you’re getting down to the point where you can create, literally, a more rapid response on the ground to more severe events.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Benefits are also expected in the realm of aviation forecasts and flight route planning, helping aircraft avoid hazards such as turbulence. The satellite will provide clearer views of clouds at different elevations, better estimates of wind speed and direction and better detection of fog and ice.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It also carries a transponder to receive and transmit emergency beacons, helping to more accurately pinpoint distress signals for search-and-rescue teams on the ground.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GOES\u003c/span>-R is expected to require as much as a year of testing and diagnostic work before it becomes fully operational. During that time, Rasch said, forecasters at regional weather service offices, like the one in Sacramento, will be given training to help them make the most of the new satellite’s capabilities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cspan class=\"s5\">“\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Some of the benefits we’re going to get from it, we just don’t know yet,” Rasch added. “We’re going to learn that as we go along.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/12/05/better-forecasts-ahead-for-western-weather-and-natural-disasters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The launch of a new generation of weather satellites is expected to bring dramatic improvements in imagery and, eventually, more accurate prediction of storms and natural disasters.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new satellite parked 22,000 miles (35,000km) over the United States promises to deliver better storm forecasting for California and other Western states plagued by drought, floods and other weather extremes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The \u003ca href=\"http://www.goes-r.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GOES\u003c/span>-R\u003c/span>\u003c/a> satellite was \u003ca title=\"Link: http://www.noaa.gov/media-release/goes-r-heads-to-orbit-will-improve-weather-forecasting\" href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/media-release/goes-r-heads-to-orbit-will-improve-weather-forecasting\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">successfully launched\u003c/span>\u003c/a> from Cape Canaveral on Nov. 19. It is the first in a new generation of weather satellites that will be able to scan the planet five times faster and offer four times better imaging resolution than the current technology.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The new imagery offered by \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GOES\u003c/span>-R (\u003c/span>Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite-R Series) will be like switching from black-and-white \u003cspan class=\"caps\">TV\u003c/span> to high definition, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“That means if I’m looking at a thunderstorm, before I wouldn’t get a picture of a storm but every 10 to 15 minutes,” said William Rasch, science and operations officer at the National Weather Service office in Sacramento. “But now, I’ll get a picture every 30 seconds. We’re going to see a lot more data than we were before.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1217909\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1217909\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k.jpg\" alt=\"GOES-R lifted off on November 19, 2016 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station's Space Launch Complex 41, aboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas V 541 rocket. GOES-R is the first of four satellites to be launched for NOAA in a new and advanced series of spacecraft. Once in geostationary orbit, it will be known as GOES-16. \" width=\"2048\" height=\"1367\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-768x513.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-1920x1282.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-960x641.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/31062100791_be2cdcdb4f_k-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">GOES-R lifted off on November 19, 2016 from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station’s Space Launch Complex 41, aboard a United Launch Alliance Atlas V 541 rocket. GOES-R is the first of four satellites to be launched for NOAA in a new and advanced series of spacecraft. Once in geostationary orbit, it will be known as GOES-16. \u003ccite>(ULA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GOES\u003c/span>-R is also bristling with new sensors. For instance, it carries the first operational lightning mapper in geostationary orbit. This will allow scientists to observe lightning as it evolves – an important indicator of storm intensity and direction.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also includes sensors to monitor space weather such as solar flares, which may help predict the timing and intensity of potentially damaging electromagnetic storms on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">More importantly for drought-plagued states like California, \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GOES\u003c/span>-R will be parked in geostationary orbit over the West, allowing meteorologists to better predict precipitation, run-off amounts and flood risk.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Rasch said meteorologists now rely on weather balloons to obtain some of the fine detail they need on what’s happening in the atmosphere and in approaching storms. But these are launched only twice daily, and are as far as 100 miles apart. The new satellite will fill in those gaps with an almost real-time stream of data and imagery.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1217910\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 760px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1217910\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/14400595575_991a1c5be4_o.jpg\" alt=\"Artist’s conception of the GOES-R spacecraft with the location of each instrument identified. \" width=\"760\" height=\"590\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/14400595575_991a1c5be4_o.jpg 760w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/14400595575_991a1c5be4_o-160x124.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/14400595575_991a1c5be4_o-240x186.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/14400595575_991a1c5be4_o-375x291.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/14400595575_991a1c5be4_o-520x404.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 760px) 100vw, 760px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist’s conception of the GOES-R spacecraft with the location of each instrument identified. \u003ccite>(Lockheed Martin)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“The information is going to lead to some really good lead time for things like severe weather,” he said. “It’s probably one of the biggest advances we’ve had in the weather world for a long time.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GOES\u003c/span>-R is part of a series of four new geostationary weather satellites to be launched up to 2036, providing significantly improved coverage of the planet. Eventually, all the new data they churn out will also improve the computer models forecasters use to predict the weather.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">This will help inform better decision-making about approaching storms, in turn improving, for example, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2016/04/11/rob-hartman-time-to-manage-reservoirs-differently\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">reservoir management\u003c/span>\u003c/a> to conserve water and prevent floods.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Those improvements, however, could take years as the stream of new data is slowly integrated into forecasting models.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s4\">“\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">I think the biggest advantage from this will be data from over the Pacific Ocean going into the computer models we use for forecasting weather,” said Jan Null, an independent meteorologist at Golden Gate Weather Services in Saratoga, Calif. \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s4\">“\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">People studying atmospheric rivers and things like that, they’re going to have better data to analyze.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The National Weather Service is also in the early stages of rolling out a new computer \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2016/07/27/the-weather-service-just-took-a-critical-first-step-in-creating-a-new-u-s-forecasting-model/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">weather model\u003c/span>\u003c/a> to take advantage of all the data from the new satellites, potentially offering a significant increase in forecast accuracy.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">But Null cautions that all this is happening as the weather service is about to begin a major \u003ca href=\"http://www.mypalmbeachpost.com/news/weather/weather-service-says-increase-in-severe-events-is-/nswCF/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">reorganization\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, which may see staffing slashed at some forecasting offices.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“So you might have more data, but there are fewer people to look at it,” he said. “\u003c/span>It has the meteorological community very concerned. Just because we get a picture every 30 seconds doesn’t mean we can \u003ci>use\u003c/i> it every 30 seconds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Even so, the new satellite weather images are expected to be dazzling. And they will be seen wherever the public has access to weather information – from the nightly \u003cspan class=\"caps\">TV\u003c/span> forecast to smartphone apps.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Bill Patzert, a climatologist at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">NASA\u003c/span>’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, said the better imagery would also help manage the response to fast-moving natural disasters such as forest fires. Emergency managers will have better images arriving more often to help them track a fire’s size and direction.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“I think of a good weather forecaster as a lifesaver,” Patzert said. “Now you’re getting down to the point where you can create, literally, a more rapid response on the ground to more severe events.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Benefits are also expected in the realm of aviation forecasts and flight route planning, helping aircraft avoid hazards such as turbulence. The satellite will provide clearer views of clouds at different elevations, better estimates of wind speed and direction and better detection of fog and ice.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">It also carries a transponder to receive and transmit emergency beacons, helping to more accurately pinpoint distress signals for search-and-rescue teams on the ground.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GOES\u003c/span>-R is expected to require as much as a year of testing and diagnostic work before it becomes fully operational. During that time, Rasch said, forecasters at regional weather service offices, like the one in Sacramento, will be given training to help them make the most of the new satellite’s capabilities.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cspan class=\"s5\">“\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Some of the benefits we’re going to get from it, we just don’t know yet,” Rasch added. “We’re going to learn that as we go along.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/12/05/better-forecasts-ahead-for-western-weather-and-natural-disasters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President-Elect Donald Trump has made clear his support for fossil fuels, which scientists have determined are a leading contributor to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump went as far as promising a triumphant comeback for coal, which produces the most greenhouse gases of all. Meanwhile renewable energy sources got mixed reviews from the candidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know a lot about solar,” Trump said at a Fresno campaign rally over the summer. “I love solar, except there’s a problem with it. It’s got a lot of problems with it. One problem is it’s so expensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds like enough to make any solar company executive break out in a sweat, but the mood in some executive suites is surprisingly buoyant.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I think there’s no question that states are going to be critical.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Dan Kammen, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’m cautiously optimistic,” says Michael Wheeler of Recurrent Energy, a San Francisco-based solar company. “We’re feeling as though we’re going to be okay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason: Wheeler says Trump’s perception of the cost is hopelessly out of date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anybody who thinks that solar is expensive at the utility scale right now hasn’t seen the latest,” he says. “Solar’s price, because it’s a technology, will continue to go lower and lower.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Upside\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Power from big solar projects is \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/09/30/price-of-solar-energy-in-the-united-states-has-fallen-to-5%C2%A2kwh-on-average/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about 70 percent cheaper\u003c/a> today than it was a decade ago. The cost of wind power has also come down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means, in some places, the price of the power they produce is competitive with fossil fuels like natural gas. Some electric utilities are choosing renewables based on cost alone, even in red states like Texas and Georgia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clean energy is not a niche product anymore,” Wheeler says.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1210283\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1059px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1210283 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4.jpg\" alt=\"The Barren Ridge solar project in Kern County, California.\" width=\"1059\" height=\"624\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4.jpg 1059w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-800x471.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-768x453.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-1020x601.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-960x566.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-240x141.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-375x221.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-520x306.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1059px) 100vw, 1059px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Barren Ridge solar project in Kern County, California. \u003ccite>(Recurrent Energy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Trump Administration could also open more public land for development, something cheered by oil and gas companies and opposed by many environmentalists. But renewable energy companies also stand to gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a place where we think we could do even better under a Trump administration,” Wheeler says. “We’ve had a very difficult time building solar on public lands under the Obama Administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When state and federal agencies \u003ca href=\"http://largely%20end%20wind%20energy%20development%20in%20California\">unveiled a recent plan\u003c/a> prioritizing federal lands for renewables in California, the wind energy industry’s trade association said restrictions in the plan would “largely end wind energy development in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Downside\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some other clouds in the forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar and wind companies rely on longstanding tax credits, which were extended in Congress last December, after a lengthy struggle. The 30 percent Solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC) will expire at the end of 2019, when it starts ramping down eventually to 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”nBhyhpsAqwZDFdglnpNrbMhgjZCX8FOc”]“The legislation is one of the greatest investments in renewable energy in American history,” said Senator Harry Reid upon passing the credit extension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the Trump Administration allows those credits to dry up, which could take several years, demand for solar and wind could drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly there would be a different forecast for price projection, but it’s not so significant that the market would crater,” Wheeler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second potential downer for renewable energy: Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/11/11/trump-has-vowed-to-kill-the-clean-power-plan-heres-how-he-might-and-might-not-succeed/?utm_term=.97d4f9822d22\">vowed to shelve\u003c/a> one of the keystones in Obama’s climate change policy, known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/cleanpowerplan/fact-sheet-overview-clean-power-plan\">Clean Power Plan\u003c/a>, under which states would have to move away from coal power. Wheeler says that would have quadrupled the market for renewables.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-9OlGJ\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/9OlGJ/8/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"400\" height=\"500\" align=\"right\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not depending upon it but to have that be messaged as being dead was pretty heart-wrenching,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>States Drive the Market\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s no question that states are going to be critical,” said Dan Kammen, professor of energy at UC Berkeley. He says, sometimes, a hostile White House can actually energize regional efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just like under President George Bush, we saw tremendous action at the state level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is all in on renewables. State law requires \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/rps_homepage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">50 percent renewable energy\u003c/a> by 2030 and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/renewable-portfolio-standards.aspx\">twenty-eight other states\u003c/a> have their own targets, known as Renewable Portfolio Standards. That means the renewable energy market has momentum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An administration can dramatically put its finger on the scale and accelerate that or they can hold it back,” Kammen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, worldwide demand is growing. Kammen just returned from Dubai, where a new solar farm is expected to break the record for lowest cost, a sign to him the solar industry can stand on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is the MC Hammer of energy projects,” Kammen says. “Can’t touch this.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President-Elect Donald Trump has made clear his support for fossil fuels, which scientists have determined are a leading contributor to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the campaign trail, Trump went as far as promising a triumphant comeback for coal, which produces the most greenhouse gases of all. Meanwhile renewable energy sources got mixed reviews from the candidate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know a lot about solar,” Trump said at a Fresno campaign rally over the summer. “I love solar, except there’s a problem with it. It’s got a lot of problems with it. One problem is it’s so expensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sounds like enough to make any solar company executive break out in a sweat, but the mood in some executive suites is surprisingly buoyant.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I think there’s no question that states are going to be critical.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Dan Kammen, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I’m cautiously optimistic,” says Michael Wheeler of Recurrent Energy, a San Francisco-based solar company. “We’re feeling as though we’re going to be okay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason: Wheeler says Trump’s perception of the cost is hopelessly out of date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anybody who thinks that solar is expensive at the utility scale right now hasn’t seen the latest,” he says. “Solar’s price, because it’s a technology, will continue to go lower and lower.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Upside\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Power from big solar projects is \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2015/09/30/price-of-solar-energy-in-the-united-states-has-fallen-to-5%C2%A2kwh-on-average/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about 70 percent cheaper\u003c/a> today than it was a decade ago. The cost of wind power has also come down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means, in some places, the price of the power they produce is competitive with fossil fuels like natural gas. Some electric utilities are choosing renewables based on cost alone, even in red states like Texas and Georgia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clean energy is not a niche product anymore,” Wheeler says.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1210283\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1059px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1210283 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4.jpg\" alt=\"The Barren Ridge solar project in Kern County, California.\" width=\"1059\" height=\"624\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4.jpg 1059w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-160x94.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-800x471.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-768x453.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-1020x601.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-960x566.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-240x141.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-375x221.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/recurrent4-520x306.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1059px) 100vw, 1059px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Barren Ridge solar project in Kern County, California. \u003ccite>(Recurrent Energy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Trump Administration could also open more public land for development, something cheered by oil and gas companies and opposed by many environmentalists. But renewable energy companies also stand to gain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a place where we think we could do even better under a Trump administration,” Wheeler says. “We’ve had a very difficult time building solar on public lands under the Obama Administration.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When state and federal agencies \u003ca href=\"http://largely%20end%20wind%20energy%20development%20in%20California\">unveiled a recent plan\u003c/a> prioritizing federal lands for renewables in California, the wind energy industry’s trade association said restrictions in the plan would “largely end wind energy development in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Downside\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some other clouds in the forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar and wind companies rely on longstanding tax credits, which were extended in Congress last December, after a lengthy struggle. The 30 percent Solar Investment Tax Credit (ITC) will expire at the end of 2019, when it starts ramping down eventually to 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“The legislation is one of the greatest investments in renewable energy in American history,” said Senator Harry Reid upon passing the credit extension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the Trump Administration allows those credits to dry up, which could take several years, demand for solar and wind could drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Certainly there would be a different forecast for price projection, but it’s not so significant that the market would crater,” Wheeler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second potential downer for renewable energy: Trump has \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/11/11/trump-has-vowed-to-kill-the-clean-power-plan-heres-how-he-might-and-might-not-succeed/?utm_term=.97d4f9822d22\">vowed to shelve\u003c/a> one of the keystones in Obama’s climate change policy, known as the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/cleanpowerplan/fact-sheet-overview-clean-power-plan\">Clean Power Plan\u003c/a>, under which states would have to move away from coal power. Wheeler says that would have quadrupled the market for renewables.\u003cbr>\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-9OlGJ\" src=\"//datawrapper.dwcdn.net/9OlGJ/8/\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" webkitallowfullscreen=\"webkitallowfullscreen\" mozallowfullscreen=\"mozallowfullscreen\" oallowfullscreen=\"oallowfullscreen\" msallowfullscreen=\"msallowfullscreen\" width=\"400\" height=\"500\" align=\"right\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not depending upon it but to have that be messaged as being dead was pretty heart-wrenching,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>States Drive the Market\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s no question that states are going to be critical,” said Dan Kammen, professor of energy at UC Berkeley. He says, sometimes, a hostile White House can actually energize regional efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just like under President George Bush, we saw tremendous action at the state level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is all in on renewables. State law requires \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/rps_homepage/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">50 percent renewable energy\u003c/a> by 2030 and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncsl.org/research/energy/renewable-portfolio-standards.aspx\">twenty-eight other states\u003c/a> have their own targets, known as Renewable Portfolio Standards. That means the renewable energy market has momentum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An administration can dramatically put its finger on the scale and accelerate that or they can hold it back,” Kammen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, worldwide demand is growing. Kammen just returned from Dubai, where a new solar farm is expected to break the record for lowest cost, a sign to him the solar industry can stand on its own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is the MC Hammer of energy projects,” Kammen says. “Can’t touch this.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Army Corps of Engineers has decided to deny a permit for the construction of a key section of the Dakota Access Pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision essentially halts the construction on the 1,172-mile oil pipeline about half a mile south of the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation. The decision is also a victory for the thousands of demonstrators across the country who flocked to North Dakota in protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our prayers have been answered,\" National Congress of American Indians President Brian Cladoosby said in a statement. \"This isn't over, but it is enormously good news. All tribal peoples have prayed from the beginning for a peaceful solution, and this puts us back on track.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jo-Ellen Darcy, the Army's assistant secretary for civil works, said after talking with tribal officials and hearing their concerns that the pipeline could affect the drinking water, it became \"clear that there's more work to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The best way to complete that work responsibly and expeditiously is to explore alternate routes for the pipeline crossing,\" Darcy said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Army Corps says it intends to issue an environmental impact statement with \"full public input and analysis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the site of the protests, the news spread in excited whispers and statements of disbelief. Finally, one man at Camp Oceti Sakowin finally yelled it: \"The easement has been denied!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheers and whoops erupted from the crowd nearby and continued for hours, as different parts of the sprawling camp heard about the federal government's decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Tom Shaving, of the Cheyenne River tribe, the news was exciting and a welcome relief. He has been camping in protest of the pipeline since August, watching his group of \"water protectors\" grow from dozens of people on the banks of the Cannon Ball River to a settlement of thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Standing Rock Sioux Tribal Chairman Dave Archambault II said the tribe welcomed the decision, but he also sounded a note of caution, saying he hoped the incoming Donald Trump administration would \"respect this decision and understand the complex process that led us to this point.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Archambault II went on:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"When it comes to infrastructure development in Indian Country and with respect to treaty lands, we must strive to work together to reach decisions that reflect the multifaceted considerations of tribes. Treaties are paramount law and must be respected, and we welcome dialogue on how to continue to honor that moving forward. We are not opposed to energy independence, economic development, or national security concerns but we must ensure that these decisions are made with the considerations of our Indigenous peoples.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Tom Shaving shares Archambault's caution, and he fears that a President Trump could undo Sunday's announcement. Like many at the camp, he isn't planning to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to keep going,\" he says. \"We have to persevere. Trump's right next in line.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The decision essentially halts the construction of the oil pipeline right above the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation, and it also comes as protests at the site continued to grow.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Army Corps of Engineers has decided to deny a permit for the construction of a key section of the Dakota Access Pipeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision essentially halts the construction on the 1,172-mile oil pipeline about half a mile south of the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation. The decision is also a victory for the thousands of demonstrators across the country who flocked to North Dakota in protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our prayers have been answered,\" National Congress of American Indians President Brian Cladoosby said in a statement. \"This isn't over, but it is enormously good news. All tribal peoples have prayed from the beginning for a peaceful solution, and this puts us back on track.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jo-Ellen Darcy, the Army's assistant secretary for civil works, said after talking with tribal officials and hearing their concerns that the pipeline could affect the drinking water, it became \"clear that there's more work to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The best way to complete that work responsibly and expeditiously is to explore alternate routes for the pipeline crossing,\" Darcy said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Army Corps says it intends to issue an environmental impact statement with \"full public input and analysis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the site of the protests, the news spread in excited whispers and statements of disbelief. Finally, one man at Camp Oceti Sakowin finally yelled it: \"The easement has been denied!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheers and whoops erupted from the crowd nearby and continued for hours, as different parts of the sprawling camp heard about the federal government's decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Tom Shaving, of the Cheyenne River tribe, the news was exciting and a welcome relief. He has been camping in protest of the pipeline since August, watching his group of \"water protectors\" grow from dozens of people on the banks of the Cannon Ball River to a settlement of thousands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Standing Rock Sioux Tribal Chairman Dave Archambault II said the tribe welcomed the decision, but he also sounded a note of caution, saying he hoped the incoming Donald Trump administration would \"respect this decision and understand the complex process that led us to this point.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Archambault II went on:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"When it comes to infrastructure development in Indian Country and with respect to treaty lands, we must strive to work together to reach decisions that reflect the multifaceted considerations of tribes. Treaties are paramount law and must be respected, and we welcome dialogue on how to continue to honor that moving forward. We are not opposed to energy independence, economic development, or national security concerns but we must ensure that these decisions are made with the considerations of our Indigenous peoples.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Tom Shaving shares Archambault's caution, and he fears that a President Trump could undo Sunday's announcement. Like many at the camp, he isn't planning to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to keep going,\" he says. \"We have to persevere. Trump's right next in line.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Why Are People in L.A. Scouring the City for Coyote Poop?",
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"content": "\u003cp>In Los Angeles, coyotes walk the streets of densely-populated neighborhoods. You might wonder, what do these urban canines eat to survive? Biologists have been wondering the same thing. So they’ve recruited volunteers to help them gather coyote droppings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe you’ve seen these wily predators skulking the streets at dusk and dawn. In some parts of the country, including in L.A., the drought has brought them out of the mountains and canyons and onto our blocks in search of food and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some think of coyotes as a menace to society. They lie in wait until we take our eyes off our cats and small dogs; then they strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are fans of these wily predators and advocate for their survival. Like Melanie Symonds, who keeps chickens in her backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chickens are delicious to coyotes and I’ve lost more than I’d like to admit to those that have come through the yard,” Symonds says. “They’ve earned their trickster name, as far as I can say from my own experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/295959165″ params=”auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true” width=”100%” height=”450″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symonds closes up her chicken coop at night and keeps a close watch on the flock. Still, when the occasional hen is lost to a predator, she doesn’t hold it against them. In fact, Symonds believes we should be grateful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People don’t like to have certain vermin around, rats and mice, and [coyotes] actually do a tremendous job to keep the numbers of rodents in check,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symonds has spent 18 years as docent at Pasadena’s Eaton Canyon Nature Center. When the National Park Service started recruiting people like her for a study on the diet of coyotes, she jumped at the chance to start collecting coyote droppings — also known as coyote scat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 30 volunteers gather at the \u003ca href=\"http://debspark.audubon.org/programs/la-urban-coyote-project\">Audubon Center in Debs Park\u003c/a>. They’re huddled around a table, looking at bowls of dried poop: bobcat and coyote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Binta Wold helps run the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/samo/learn/news/new-study-la-urban-coyotes.htm\">Urban Coyote Project\u003c/a> for the National Park Service. She says one way to tell the different kinds of scat apart is by the shape. Bobcat poop, for example, is shaped like a ball-and-socket joint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Often coyote scat has a characteristic twisted appearance. They’re a little bit smaller than dog scat usually,” Wold said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contents can also help determine the animal who left the scat behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11202259\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Binta Wold, a National Park Service intern working on the Urban Coyote Project, helps volunteers distinguish coyote scat from bobcat scat.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11202259\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Binta Wold, a National Park Service intern working on the Urban Coyote Project, helps volunteers distinguish coyote scat from bobcat scat. \u003ccite>(Avishay Artsy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you have a scat that you think is coyote, it’ll probably have bones or fur or seeds. They’re omnivores so they eat a lot of fruits and berries and things like that. And then occasionally also especially in urban environments there’ll be anthropogenic materials, so things like paper towels, food wrappers, barbecue chicken, we saw once, so a great diversity of different foods,” Wold says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justin Brown, a National Park Service ecologist, says he’s seen people actively feeding wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve seen several different occasions where they’re putting either food from their lunch out in an area and you can see the coyotes keep coming back,” Brown says. “You see possums, skunks, raccoons, coyotes, all eating from these piles. But then also people are putting plates of dog food out as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actively feeding wildlife is illegal, and animal control is trying to crack down on it. Wold is concerned this behavior could lead to coyotes that aren’t shy about approaching people in the hopes of finding food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people do get bitten by coyotes, it’s often because those coyotes had been fed before,” says Wold. “If you want to help wild animals, it’s a good idea to just respect them from a distance, and definitely don’t feed them or leave anything out in your yard that could be a food source for wild animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope of the Park Service study is to inform residents and elected officials about coyote behavior — dietary and otherwise — when it comes time to make decisions about how to keep them out of urban areas. Some cities have approved measures to trap and kill coyotes roaming our streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11202263\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Justin Brown, a National Park Service ecologist, locates coyote scat in Rio de Los Angeles State Park.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11202263\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-960x1440.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-240x360.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-375x563.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-520x780.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Justin Brown, a National Park Service ecologist, locates coyote scat in Rio de Los Angeles State Park. \u003ccite>(Avishay Artsy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Randi Feilich’s group, \u003ca href=\"http://www.projectcoyote.org/\">Project Coyote\u003c/a>, lobbies for more humane measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re probably the most persecuted predator. You know, if they’re not killed by inhumane trapping or illegal hunting or being hit by cars, they’re being poisoned regularly by anticoagulant rodenticides, you know, rat poison. And that’s also what’s killing off our owls, our bobcats, our hawks, our mountain lions,” Feilich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the classroom part of the training, the volunteers split off to find coyote scat in parks, cemeteries and golf courses. One group heads to Rio de Los Angeles State Park. Volunteers walk along a dusty trail, stopping every few feet to examine what could be a coyote dropping. Brown wears latex gloves. He scoops the scat into a paper bag and labels it with a marker. But just as often, the samples they find are from dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ll see all these little things that are kind of jagged in shape. Sometimes you’ll see little tiny seeds, but they’re usually more uniform in shape. Where, what they’ve been eating all 100 percent of Pedigree or Alpo or something, there’ll be all these little pieces of cracked corn,” Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says they’ll eventually test genetic samples. So finding scat with animal remnants is especially important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you go to start actually looking at these scats, one little piece might make a big difference. Especially if there’s a bone, a tooth. Teeth are the most important part. So if you see something that has a tooth in it, make sure you grab that piece,” Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says he was surprised by the level of public interest in the project. He received 180 applications, and picked 30 lucky volunteers for the scat-gathering phase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them, Marydee Donnan, can hear coyotes howling near her home at night. She says some neighbors have lost cats — but she’s hesitant to blame the coyotes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A very small percentage of coyotes’ diets is cat or pet. So, you know, the random cat that goes missing, everybody wants to blame the poor coyote and that’s not fair,” Donnan said. “The more we know about them, the more we might appreciate them as part of our urban environment and our wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next year and a half, the team of volunteers will continue to fan out to collect poop in 30 Los Angeles locations, from Griffith Park and Beverly Hills to Boyle Heights and Highland Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the scat is collected and dropped off, another team of volunteers will join scientists to dry, sterilize and sort the samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Park Service expects to finish the coyote scat survey by the end of 2018.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The National Park Service hopes to inform residents and officials about coyote behavior when it comes time to make decisions about how to keep them out of urban areas.",
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"title": "Why Are People in L.A. Scouring the City for Coyote Poop? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In Los Angeles, coyotes walk the streets of densely-populated neighborhoods. You might wonder, what do these urban canines eat to survive? Biologists have been wondering the same thing. So they’ve recruited volunteers to help them gather coyote droppings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe you’ve seen these wily predators skulking the streets at dusk and dawn. In some parts of the country, including in L.A., the drought has brought them out of the mountains and canyons and onto our blocks in search of food and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some think of coyotes as a menace to society. They lie in wait until we take our eyes off our cats and small dogs; then they strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are fans of these wily predators and advocate for their survival. Like Melanie Symonds, who keeps chickens in her backyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Chickens are delicious to coyotes and I’ve lost more than I’d like to admit to those that have come through the yard,” Symonds says. “They’ve earned their trickster name, as far as I can say from my own experience.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”450″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/295959165″&visual=true&”auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/295959165″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symonds closes up her chicken coop at night and keeps a close watch on the flock. Still, when the occasional hen is lost to a predator, she doesn’t hold it against them. In fact, Symonds believes we should be grateful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People don’t like to have certain vermin around, rats and mice, and [coyotes] actually do a tremendous job to keep the numbers of rodents in check,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Symonds has spent 18 years as docent at Pasadena’s Eaton Canyon Nature Center. When the National Park Service started recruiting people like her for a study on the diet of coyotes, she jumped at the chance to start collecting coyote droppings — also known as coyote scat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 30 volunteers gather at the \u003ca href=\"http://debspark.audubon.org/programs/la-urban-coyote-project\">Audubon Center in Debs Park\u003c/a>. They’re huddled around a table, looking at bowls of dried poop: bobcat and coyote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Binta Wold helps run the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/samo/learn/news/new-study-la-urban-coyotes.htm\">Urban Coyote Project\u003c/a> for the National Park Service. She says one way to tell the different kinds of scat apart is by the shape. Bobcat poop, for example, is shaped like a ball-and-socket joint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Often coyote scat has a characteristic twisted appearance. They’re a little bit smaller than dog scat usually,” Wold said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contents can also help determine the animal who left the scat behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11202259\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Binta Wold, a National Park Service intern working on the Urban Coyote Project, helps volunteers distinguish coyote scat from bobcat scat.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11202259\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Scatology-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Binta Wold, a National Park Service intern working on the Urban Coyote Project, helps volunteers distinguish coyote scat from bobcat scat. \u003ccite>(Avishay Artsy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If you have a scat that you think is coyote, it’ll probably have bones or fur or seeds. They’re omnivores so they eat a lot of fruits and berries and things like that. And then occasionally also especially in urban environments there’ll be anthropogenic materials, so things like paper towels, food wrappers, barbecue chicken, we saw once, so a great diversity of different foods,” Wold says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Justin Brown, a National Park Service ecologist, says he’s seen people actively feeding wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve seen several different occasions where they’re putting either food from their lunch out in an area and you can see the coyotes keep coming back,” Brown says. “You see possums, skunks, raccoons, coyotes, all eating from these piles. But then also people are putting plates of dog food out as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Actively feeding wildlife is illegal, and animal control is trying to crack down on it. Wold is concerned this behavior could lead to coyotes that aren’t shy about approaching people in the hopes of finding food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If people do get bitten by coyotes, it’s often because those coyotes had been fed before,” says Wold. “If you want to help wild animals, it’s a good idea to just respect them from a distance, and definitely don’t feed them or leave anything out in your yard that could be a food source for wild animals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hope of the Park Service study is to inform residents and elected officials about coyote behavior — dietary and otherwise — when it comes time to make decisions about how to keep them out of urban areas. Some cities have approved measures to trap and kill coyotes roaming our streets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11202263\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-800x1200.jpg\" alt=\"Justin Brown, a National Park Service ecologist, locates coyote scat in Rio de Los Angeles State Park.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11202263\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-800x1200.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-160x240.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-1020x1530.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-1180x1770.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-960x1440.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-240x360.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-375x563.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/JustinBrownScat-520x780.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Justin Brown, a National Park Service ecologist, locates coyote scat in Rio de Los Angeles State Park. \u003ccite>(Avishay Artsy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Randi Feilich’s group, \u003ca href=\"http://www.projectcoyote.org/\">Project Coyote\u003c/a>, lobbies for more humane measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re probably the most persecuted predator. You know, if they’re not killed by inhumane trapping or illegal hunting or being hit by cars, they’re being poisoned regularly by anticoagulant rodenticides, you know, rat poison. And that’s also what’s killing off our owls, our bobcats, our hawks, our mountain lions,” Feilich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the classroom part of the training, the volunteers split off to find coyote scat in parks, cemeteries and golf courses. One group heads to Rio de Los Angeles State Park. Volunteers walk along a dusty trail, stopping every few feet to examine what could be a coyote dropping. Brown wears latex gloves. He scoops the scat into a paper bag and labels it with a marker. But just as often, the samples they find are from dogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ll see all these little things that are kind of jagged in shape. Sometimes you’ll see little tiny seeds, but they’re usually more uniform in shape. Where, what they’ve been eating all 100 percent of Pedigree or Alpo or something, there’ll be all these little pieces of cracked corn,” Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says they’ll eventually test genetic samples. So finding scat with animal remnants is especially important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you go to start actually looking at these scats, one little piece might make a big difference. Especially if there’s a bone, a tooth. Teeth are the most important part. So if you see something that has a tooth in it, make sure you grab that piece,” Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown says he was surprised by the level of public interest in the project. He received 180 applications, and picked 30 lucky volunteers for the scat-gathering phase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them, Marydee Donnan, can hear coyotes howling near her home at night. She says some neighbors have lost cats — but she’s hesitant to blame the coyotes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A very small percentage of coyotes’ diets is cat or pet. So, you know, the random cat that goes missing, everybody wants to blame the poor coyote and that’s not fair,” Donnan said. “The more we know about them, the more we might appreciate them as part of our urban environment and our wildlife.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the next year and a half, the team of volunteers will continue to fan out to collect poop in 30 Los Angeles locations, from Griffith Park and Beverly Hills to Boyle Heights and Highland Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the scat is collected and dropped off, another team of volunteers will join scientists to dry, sterilize and sort the samples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Park Service expects to finish the coyote scat survey by the end of 2018.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "The Coming California Drought in 2017",
"headTitle": "The Coming California Drought in 2017 | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">California is a \u003c/span>big, diverse place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California probably will experience droughts this year of different types in different places, and no drought at all in some places, simultaneously. Even if conditions this year are very wet, with flooding, parts of California will have drought issues. (This is what makes California a great place to work on water problems.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first two months of this new water year have been wetter than average in the north and much drier than average in the south. But it is still early days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reservoir and Groundwater Storage Conditions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reservoir storage in California is now about \u003cspan class=\"caps\">2.5\u003c/span> million acre-feet (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">3.08\u003c/span>billion cubic meters) below historical averages for this time of year. (This is \u003cspan class=\"caps\">0.8\u003c/span> million acre-feet – 987 million cubic meters – better than two months ago.) Some \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/reservoirs/RES\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major reservoirs\u003c/a> are below average, particularly Oroville, Trinity, San Luis, New Melones and the Tulare Basin. Cachuma Reservoir near Santa Barbara is in the worst shape at 7 percent of capacity or 10 percent of average storage for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater will be recovering in northern parts of California, with less recovery in large parts of the southern Central Valley. (Can anyone suggest a set of online well elevation records in different parts of the Central Valley to create a groundwater storage index?)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>October was a nice wet month, so soil moisture in much of the Sierras and Central California is improving, but remains in drought conditions (worsened by unusually high temperatures). Conditions for forests and native fishes remain depressed and will see drought impacts for years after hydrologic conditions improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seemingly bad situation is substantially better than in this time a year ago. Something to be thankful for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1209738\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 381px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1209738 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Screen-Shot-2016-11-30-at-9.56.36-AM.png\" alt=\"Major reservoir storage in California on November 25, 2016. \" width=\"381\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Screen-Shot-2016-11-30-at-9.56.36-AM.png 459w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Screen-Shot-2016-11-30-at-9.56.36-AM-160x186.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Screen-Shot-2016-11-30-at-9.56.36-AM-240x279.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Screen-Shot-2016-11-30-at-9.56.36-AM-375x435.png 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Major reservoir storage in California on November 25, 2016. \u003ccite>(Calif. Dept. of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Precipitation Conditions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North of the Delta, so far we have above-average precipitation and improving storage in most Sacramento Valley reservoirs. In the San Joaquin Valley, this water year’s precipitation is about average so far. But further south, the Tulare Basin has less than 50 percent of average precipitation so far this water year. And temperatures remain higher than average. So far, no snowpack – it is still a bit early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thoughts for the Coming Drought Year\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, overall drought conditions are mostly improving, but unevenly. We won’t really know how wet this year will be until late March. In October, \u003ca href=\"https://californiawaterblog.com/2016/10/03/drought-prospects-in-california-for-the-new-2017-water-year-october-1-2016/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this blog\u003c/a> looked at overall drought conditions from several perspectives and statistical projections for the new water year. (This month’s election reminded us of the reliability and unreliability of statistical projections.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if this year is wet, parts of California will experience drought or residual effects from five years of drought. The California Drought of 2017 will likely take several forms:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Dry residential and community wells drought, affecting rural areas with lowered groundwater tables. Many of these household wells and small systems are in a precarious state even in wet years.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Drought of surface irrigation water. Here surface water is unavailable and farmers mostly increase groundwater pumping, often at a higher cost and increasing regional groundwater depletion. This drought is more likely south of the Delta. Less surface being less available than irrigation demands south of the Delta is now a normal condition, due to a host of hydrologic, infrastructure, groundwater sustainability, economic and environmental factors, worsened by drought.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Higher groundwater pumping cost drought. Even if this year is wet, many areas that pump groundwater will still face higher pumping costs for some years or longer from the drought’s cumulative groundwater depletions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Forest drought (including snow drought). Here, lack of soil moisture or its more rapid depletion with higher temperatures affects forest ecosystems.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ecosystem drought. Problems for some fish are likely to continue even if the year is wet, due to drought-depletion of some native fish populations. Dry conditions could also affect waterfowl. A drought of cold water in some reservoirs might affect both fish and farmers disrupted by reoperation of reservoirs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Urban drought. So far, most urban areas have pretty healthy water supplies. The big exception is Lake Cachuma in the Santa Barbara area, now at 10 percent of its long-term storage for this time of year.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>We could easily see some drought surprises. The wet season is still young. Welcome to California water, where anything can happen.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>It is best to prepare for another drought year (and prepare for floods as well).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some websites to watch, mostly from the California Department of Water Resources’ fine California Data Exchange Center (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">CDEC\u003c/span>) at \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>RESERVOIR LEVELS:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/rescond.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/rescond.pdf\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/reservoirs/RES\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/reservoirs/\u003cspan class=\"caps\">RES\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SNOWPACK (NONE YET):\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/snow/PLOT_SWC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/snow/PLOT_\u003cspan class=\"caps\">SWC\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/swccond.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/swccond.pdf\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PRECIPITATION:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/PLOT_ESI.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/PLOT_\u003cspan class=\"caps\">ESI\u003c/span>.pdf\u003c/a> – Sacramento Valley\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/PLOT_FSI.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/PLOT_\u003cspan class=\"caps\">FSI\u003c/span>.pdf\u003c/a> – San Joaquin Valley\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/PLOT_TSI.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/PLOT_\u003cspan class=\"caps\">TSI\u003c/span>.pdf\u003c/a> – Tulare Basin\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WEATHER:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://weatherwest.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://weatherwest.com/\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cem>This story first appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://californiawaterblog.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">California Water Blog\u003c/a>, a publication of the \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"caps\">UC\u003c/span>Davis Center for Watershed Sciences. \u003c/em>\u003cem>Jay Lund is Director of the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">UC\u003c/span> Davis Center for Watershed Sciences and Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">UC\u003c/span> Davis.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article was republished on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/12/01/the-coming-droughts-of-california-in-2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Even if California has a productive rainy season, parts of the state will still remain in drought. Here’s a look at the current water picture and how that could change in coming months.",
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"description": "Even if California has a productive rainy season, parts of the state will still remain in drought. Here’s a look at the current water picture and how that could change in coming months.",
"title": "The Coming California Drought in 2017 | KQED",
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"headline": "The Coming California Drought in 2017",
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"slug": "the-coming-california-drought-in-2017",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">California is a \u003c/span>big, diverse place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California probably will experience droughts this year of different types in different places, and no drought at all in some places, simultaneously. Even if conditions this year are very wet, with flooding, parts of California will have drought issues. (This is what makes California a great place to work on water problems.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first two months of this new water year have been wetter than average in the north and much drier than average in the south. But it is still early days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Reservoir and Groundwater Storage Conditions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reservoir storage in California is now about \u003cspan class=\"caps\">2.5\u003c/span> million acre-feet (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">3.08\u003c/span>billion cubic meters) below historical averages for this time of year. (This is \u003cspan class=\"caps\">0.8\u003c/span> million acre-feet – 987 million cubic meters – better than two months ago.) Some \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/reservoirs/RES\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major reservoirs\u003c/a> are below average, particularly Oroville, Trinity, San Luis, New Melones and the Tulare Basin. Cachuma Reservoir near Santa Barbara is in the worst shape at 7 percent of capacity or 10 percent of average storage for this time of year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater will be recovering in northern parts of California, with less recovery in large parts of the southern Central Valley. (Can anyone suggest a set of online well elevation records in different parts of the Central Valley to create a groundwater storage index?)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>October was a nice wet month, so soil moisture in much of the Sierras and Central California is improving, but remains in drought conditions (worsened by unusually high temperatures). Conditions for forests and native fishes remain depressed and will see drought impacts for years after hydrologic conditions improve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This seemingly bad situation is substantially better than in this time a year ago. Something to be thankful for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1209738\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 381px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1209738 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Screen-Shot-2016-11-30-at-9.56.36-AM.png\" alt=\"Major reservoir storage in California on November 25, 2016. \" width=\"381\" height=\"442\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Screen-Shot-2016-11-30-at-9.56.36-AM.png 459w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Screen-Shot-2016-11-30-at-9.56.36-AM-160x186.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Screen-Shot-2016-11-30-at-9.56.36-AM-240x279.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/Screen-Shot-2016-11-30-at-9.56.36-AM-375x435.png 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Major reservoir storage in California on November 25, 2016. \u003ccite>(Calif. Dept. of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Precipitation Conditions\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>North of the Delta, so far we have above-average precipitation and improving storage in most Sacramento Valley reservoirs. In the San Joaquin Valley, this water year’s precipitation is about average so far. But further south, the Tulare Basin has less than 50 percent of average precipitation so far this water year. And temperatures remain higher than average. So far, no snowpack – it is still a bit early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Thoughts for the Coming Drought Year\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, overall drought conditions are mostly improving, but unevenly. We won’t really know how wet this year will be until late March. In October, \u003ca href=\"https://californiawaterblog.com/2016/10/03/drought-prospects-in-california-for-the-new-2017-water-year-october-1-2016/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this blog\u003c/a> looked at overall drought conditions from several perspectives and statistical projections for the new water year. (This month’s election reminded us of the reliability and unreliability of statistical projections.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if this year is wet, parts of California will experience drought or residual effects from five years of drought. The California Drought of 2017 will likely take several forms:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>Dry residential and community wells drought, affecting rural areas with lowered groundwater tables. Many of these household wells and small systems are in a precarious state even in wet years.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Drought of surface irrigation water. Here surface water is unavailable and farmers mostly increase groundwater pumping, often at a higher cost and increasing regional groundwater depletion. This drought is more likely south of the Delta. Less surface being less available than irrigation demands south of the Delta is now a normal condition, due to a host of hydrologic, infrastructure, groundwater sustainability, economic and environmental factors, worsened by drought.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Higher groundwater pumping cost drought. Even if this year is wet, many areas that pump groundwater will still face higher pumping costs for some years or longer from the drought’s cumulative groundwater depletions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Forest drought (including snow drought). Here, lack of soil moisture or its more rapid depletion with higher temperatures affects forest ecosystems.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Ecosystem drought. Problems for some fish are likely to continue even if the year is wet, due to drought-depletion of some native fish populations. Dry conditions could also affect waterfowl. A drought of cold water in some reservoirs might affect both fish and farmers disrupted by reoperation of reservoirs.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Urban drought. So far, most urban areas have pretty healthy water supplies. The big exception is Lake Cachuma in the Santa Barbara area, now at 10 percent of its long-term storage for this time of year.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>We could easily see some drought surprises. The wet season is still young. Welcome to California water, where anything can happen.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>It is best to prepare for another drought year (and prepare for floods as well).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some websites to watch, mostly from the California Department of Water Resources’ fine California Data Exchange Center (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">CDEC\u003c/span>) at \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>RESERVOIR LEVELS:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/rescond.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/rescond.pdf\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/reservoirs/RES\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/reservoirs/\u003cspan class=\"caps\">RES\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>SNOWPACK (NONE YET):\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cdecapp/snowapp/sweq.action\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/snow/PLOT_SWC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/snow/PLOT_\u003cspan class=\"caps\">SWC\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/swccond.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/swccond.pdf\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>PRECIPITATION:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/PLOT_ESI.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/PLOT_\u003cspan class=\"caps\">ESI\u003c/span>.pdf\u003c/a> – Sacramento Valley\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/PLOT_FSI.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/PLOT_\u003cspan class=\"caps\">FSI\u003c/span>.pdf\u003c/a> – San Joaquin Valley\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/PLOT_TSI.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/products/PLOT_\u003cspan class=\"caps\">TSI\u003c/span>.pdf\u003c/a> – Tulare Basin\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WEATHER:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://weatherwest.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http://weatherwest.com/\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cem>This story first appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://californiawaterblog.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">California Water Blog\u003c/a>, a publication of the \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003cspan class=\"caps\">UC\u003c/span>Davis Center for Watershed Sciences. \u003c/em>\u003cem>Jay Lund is Director of the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">UC\u003c/span> Davis Center for Watershed Sciences and Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">UC\u003c/span> Davis.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article was republished on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/12/01/the-coming-droughts-of-california-in-2017\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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}
},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
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