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"disqusTitle": "A Stormy Beginning to 2017, With Weekend Deluge in the Offing",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 11 a.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong> A deluge in the lowlands, a blizzard in the Sierra Nevada. That's the quick summary of our Tuesday-early Wednesday storm, which has largely eased in the Bay Area and coastal uplands and continues its road-closing onslaught in the high country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A quick precipitation summary: For the 24 hours ending at 10 a.m. Wednesday, parts of the Santa Cruz Mountains got nearly 7 inches of rain. Ben Lomond, typically one of the wettest locations, got 6.89 inches. Further south, in the Santa Lucia range above Big Sur, Chalk Peak got 11.33 inches during the same time frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the actual nine-county Bay Area, notable totals, in inches, for the past 24 hours include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pescadero (San Mateo coast): 5.75\u003cbr>\nVenado (Sonoma County): 5.68\u003cbr>\nMount Tamalpais: 3.10\u003cbr>\nSt. Mary's College (Moraga): 2.44\u003cbr>\nVollmer Peak (Berkeley Hills): 2.35\u003cbr>\nSanta Rosa: 2.12\u003cbr>\nLos Gatos: 1.64\u003cbr>\nRedwood City: 1.56\u003cbr>\nRichmond: 1.22\u003cbr>\nOakland: 1.02\u003cbr>\nDowntown San Francisco: .84\u003cbr>\nSan Jose International Airport: .25\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big ski resorts near Donner Pass, Echo Summit and Lake Tahoe reported 3 to 5 feet of snow -- an accumulation dating back to Sunday. Heavy snow Wednesday caused brief closures of both Interstate 80 and U.S. 50. And continuing heavy snow -- as much as 3 inches per hour in some areas -- led the U.S. Forest Service to issue an \u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=sto&wwa=avalanche%20warning\">avalanche warning\u003c/a> for back-country areas from Yuba Pass in the northern Sierra down to Ebbetts Pass, south of Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mostly dry weather -- though cool and overcast -- is expected at least through late Friday. Forecasters are warning that weekend storm has the potential to be much wetter, bringing a foot or more of rain to coastal mountains and the Sierra foothills and 3 to 6 inches to the central Bay Area. A lot more snow -- several feet at the higher elevations -- is expected in the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post (5:53 p.m. Tuesday): \u003c/strong>The rainy season of 2016-17 has finished its first act -- a fall and early winter marked by heavier-than-normal precipitation across the Bay Area and the rest of Northern California -- and is storming into what's starting out as a turbulent Act Two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A weather system that crept into the Bay Area late Monday brought steady rain to much of the Bay Area throughout the day Tuesday, with the heaviest rain expected later Tuesday night. The storm prompted the National Weather Service to issue\u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=mtr&wwa=flood%20advisory\" target=\"_blank\"> an advisory\u003c/a> for street, highway and small street flooding throughout the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wettest spots through 5 p.m. Tuesday were Kentfield and Mount Tamalpais in Marin County -- with 2.29 and 2.21 inches respectively -- and the Santa Cruz Mountains community of Ben Lomond, with 2.25 inches. Bayside totals included .61 of an inch at San Francisco International Airport, .52 in Oakland, .35 in downtown San Francisco and .09 at San Jose International.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rain totals could top 4 inches in the Santa Cruz Mountains and 6 inches in the area burned by last summer's \u003ca href=\"https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4888/\" target=\"_blank\">Soberanes Fire\u003c/a>, inland from Big Sur. The expected deluge prompted \u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=mtr&wwa=flash%20flood%20watch\" target=\"_blank\">flash flood watches\u003c/a> in the Santa Cruz Mountains through Wednesday morning and in the Soberanes burn area through Wednesday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm, fed by moist air from the subtropical Pacific, also brought very heavy snow and high winds to the Sierra Nevada and triggered a series of \u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=mtr&wwa=winter%20storm%20warning\" target=\"_blank\">winter storm warnings\u003c/a>. Forecasters say more than 3 feet of snow could fall by Thursday morning at Donner Pass on Interstate 80 and Echo Summit on U.S. 50, the main routes to Lake Tahoe and Sierra ski resorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current storm should pass by late Wednesday, opening the way for cold, dry weather on Thursday and Friday. That respite will end Saturday, when a second, much more potent storm is expected to arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Garcia, the warning coordination meteorologist for the Bay Area National Weather Service office in Monterey, said that storm could bring 5 to 7 inches of rain over the weekend to coastal and valley locations near San Francisco Bay and 15 to 17 inches to ridges and mountains north of the Golden Gate, to parts of the Santa Cruz Mountains and into the mountains above Big Sur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coming on the heels of the current storm, the weekend deluge raises the possibility of flooding at many locations in the region, Garcia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're saturating the ground with this system right now,\" he said. \"We're not going to have a lot of time to dry out before the storm arrives this weekend.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Areas that saw rapid stream rises during heavy rains in December -- including \u003ca href=\"http://www.rossvalleyfire.org/services/creek-levels-weather\" target=\"_blank\">Corte Madera, San Anselmo and Fairfax creeks\u003c/a> in Marin County; the Napa River at St. Helena and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnrfc.noaa.gov/graphicalRVF.php?id=APCC1\" target=\"_blank\">north end\u003c/a> of the city of Napa; and \u003ca href=\"https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv?site_no=11159200\" target=\"_blank\">Corralitos\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv?site_no=11160000\" target=\"_blank\">Soquel\u003c/a> creeks near Santa Cruz -- could see the possibility of high water again over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 11 a.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong> A deluge in the lowlands, a blizzard in the Sierra Nevada. That's the quick summary of our Tuesday-early Wednesday storm, which has largely eased in the Bay Area and coastal uplands and continues its road-closing onslaught in the high country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A quick precipitation summary: For the 24 hours ending at 10 a.m. Wednesday, parts of the Santa Cruz Mountains got nearly 7 inches of rain. Ben Lomond, typically one of the wettest locations, got 6.89 inches. Further south, in the Santa Lucia range above Big Sur, Chalk Peak got 11.33 inches during the same time frame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the actual nine-county Bay Area, notable totals, in inches, for the past 24 hours include:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pescadero (San Mateo coast): 5.75\u003cbr>\nVenado (Sonoma County): 5.68\u003cbr>\nMount Tamalpais: 3.10\u003cbr>\nSt. Mary's College (Moraga): 2.44\u003cbr>\nVollmer Peak (Berkeley Hills): 2.35\u003cbr>\nSanta Rosa: 2.12\u003cbr>\nLos Gatos: 1.64\u003cbr>\nRedwood City: 1.56\u003cbr>\nRichmond: 1.22\u003cbr>\nOakland: 1.02\u003cbr>\nDowntown San Francisco: .84\u003cbr>\nSan Jose International Airport: .25\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big ski resorts near Donner Pass, Echo Summit and Lake Tahoe reported 3 to 5 feet of snow -- an accumulation dating back to Sunday. Heavy snow Wednesday caused brief closures of both Interstate 80 and U.S. 50. And continuing heavy snow -- as much as 3 inches per hour in some areas -- led the U.S. Forest Service to issue an \u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=sto&wwa=avalanche%20warning\">avalanche warning\u003c/a> for back-country areas from Yuba Pass in the northern Sierra down to Ebbetts Pass, south of Lake Tahoe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mostly dry weather -- though cool and overcast -- is expected at least through late Friday. Forecasters are warning that weekend storm has the potential to be much wetter, bringing a foot or more of rain to coastal mountains and the Sierra foothills and 3 to 6 inches to the central Bay Area. A lot more snow -- several feet at the higher elevations -- is expected in the Sierra.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post (5:53 p.m. Tuesday): \u003c/strong>The rainy season of 2016-17 has finished its first act -- a fall and early winter marked by heavier-than-normal precipitation across the Bay Area and the rest of Northern California -- and is storming into what's starting out as a turbulent Act Two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A weather system that crept into the Bay Area late Monday brought steady rain to much of the Bay Area throughout the day Tuesday, with the heaviest rain expected later Tuesday night. The storm prompted the National Weather Service to issue\u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=mtr&wwa=flood%20advisory\" target=\"_blank\"> an advisory\u003c/a> for street, highway and small street flooding throughout the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wettest spots through 5 p.m. Tuesday were Kentfield and Mount Tamalpais in Marin County -- with 2.29 and 2.21 inches respectively -- and the Santa Cruz Mountains community of Ben Lomond, with 2.25 inches. Bayside totals included .61 of an inch at San Francisco International Airport, .52 in Oakland, .35 in downtown San Francisco and .09 at San Jose International.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rain totals could top 4 inches in the Santa Cruz Mountains and 6 inches in the area burned by last summer's \u003ca href=\"https://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/4888/\" target=\"_blank\">Soberanes Fire\u003c/a>, inland from Big Sur. The expected deluge prompted \u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=mtr&wwa=flash%20flood%20watch\" target=\"_blank\">flash flood watches\u003c/a> in the Santa Cruz Mountains through Wednesday morning and in the Soberanes burn area through Wednesday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The storm, fed by moist air from the subtropical Pacific, also brought very heavy snow and high winds to the Sierra Nevada and triggered a series of \u003ca href=\"http://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=mtr&wwa=winter%20storm%20warning\" target=\"_blank\">winter storm warnings\u003c/a>. Forecasters say more than 3 feet of snow could fall by Thursday morning at Donner Pass on Interstate 80 and Echo Summit on U.S. 50, the main routes to Lake Tahoe and Sierra ski resorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current storm should pass by late Wednesday, opening the way for cold, dry weather on Thursday and Friday. That respite will end Saturday, when a second, much more potent storm is expected to arrive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Garcia, the warning coordination meteorologist for the Bay Area National Weather Service office in Monterey, said that storm could bring 5 to 7 inches of rain over the weekend to coastal and valley locations near San Francisco Bay and 15 to 17 inches to ridges and mountains north of the Golden Gate, to parts of the Santa Cruz Mountains and into the mountains above Big Sur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coming on the heels of the current storm, the weekend deluge raises the possibility of flooding at many locations in the region, Garcia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're saturating the ground with this system right now,\" he said. \"We're not going to have a lot of time to dry out before the storm arrives this weekend.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Areas that saw rapid stream rises during heavy rains in December -- including \u003ca href=\"http://www.rossvalleyfire.org/services/creek-levels-weather\" target=\"_blank\">Corte Madera, San Anselmo and Fairfax creeks\u003c/a> in Marin County; the Napa River at St. Helena and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnrfc.noaa.gov/graphicalRVF.php?id=APCC1\" target=\"_blank\">north end\u003c/a> of the city of Napa; and \u003ca href=\"https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv?site_no=11159200\" target=\"_blank\">Corralitos\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/uv?site_no=11160000\" target=\"_blank\">Soquel\u003c/a> creeks near Santa Cruz -- could see the possibility of high water again over the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Sierra Snowpack Below Average -- But Big Storms Are Helping",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 10:20 a.m. Wednesday: \u003c/strong> How quickly can the Sierra Nevada snowpack pick up more water?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, state snow surveyors reported that one location above Lake Tahoe contained just 53 percent the average water content for early January. The statewide report on snow water content was a little better -- 67 percent of the average for the date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wednesday, after a nonstop snow dump up and down the Sierra and other ranges in Northern California, the \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/snow/DLYSWEQ\" target=\"_blank\">statewide average\u003c/a> was up to 84 percent. What that looks like on the ground: The big ski resorts near Lake Tahoe have picked up 3 to 5 feet of snow since Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With snow continuing in the mountains and a series of wet storms expected over the next week, it's likely that the snowpack will be above average in just a few days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's include the usual California wet-season caveat: It's early yet, with months to go in our wet season. But for today, we've got what looks like good news for the state's water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post (Tuesday, Jan. 3):\u003c/strong> State water officials conducted their first direct eyeball assessment of the Sierra Nevada snowpack on Tuesday -- and what they found might be a little counterintuitive if you've been watching rain gauges just about anywhere in California's lower elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a familiar ritual, Department of Water Resources surveyors visited a measuring site at Phillips Station, about 6,800 feet above sea level and just off U.S. 50 near Lake Tahoe. They found that the snow at the site contained just 53 percent of the average water content for early January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That figure is actually lower than the department's electronically measured levels of the snowpack's water content. On Tuesday, those numbers ranged from 68 percent of average for the northern mountains (from the Trinity River watershed down to the Truckee River) to 73 percent for the southern end of the Sierra. The statewide snowpack is at 70 percent overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snowpack is closely watched because it stores about one-third of the water that falls on the state and influences everything from farm and city water supplies to electricity generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year's below-average snowpack numbers are occurring in the midst of a much wetter than normal early rainy season for the state as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DWR's index of precipitation for the northern Sierra -- recorded at eight different stations from Mount Shasta to the American River hamlet of Pacific House -- stands at 164 percent of average for the date. The indexes for the two mountain regions to the south stand at 130 and 117 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California-Nevada River Forecast Center, too, shows coastal locations from San Diego County clear up to the Oregon state line with rainfall totals ranging from about 120 to 200 percent of average and even higher in a few locations. The only exception to the generally high rain totals has been in the Salinas Valley and the Diablo Range, which runs between the northern Salinas Valley and the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heavy early-season rain has helped the state's big reservoirs rebound to levels close to or well above their average levels for early January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But all that water has arrived in a series of warm storms that have dropped their moisture as rain except at the highest elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a pattern that's being broken, at least for the time being. Today's snow survey took place amid a series of storms that could drop as much as 10 feet of snow on parts of the Sierra by this time next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Gehrke, chief of the California Cooperative Snow Surveys Program, reminded reporters at Phillips Station on Tuesday that as recently as last week, the ground there was mostly bare. He also recalled recent drought years in which the site remained snowless nearly all winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Probably the most encouraging thing is, unlike many years when we stood up here in January, it looks like we've got a series of wet, cold storms stretching out for the next week,\" Gehrke said. \"That's gonna really bolster the snowpack.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 10:20 a.m. Wednesday: \u003c/strong> How quickly can the Sierra Nevada snowpack pick up more water?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, state snow surveyors reported that one location above Lake Tahoe contained just 53 percent the average water content for early January. The statewide report on snow water content was a little better -- 67 percent of the average for the date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wednesday, after a nonstop snow dump up and down the Sierra and other ranges in Northern California, the \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/snow/DLYSWEQ\" target=\"_blank\">statewide average\u003c/a> was up to 84 percent. What that looks like on the ground: The big ski resorts near Lake Tahoe have picked up 3 to 5 feet of snow since Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With snow continuing in the mountains and a series of wet storms expected over the next week, it's likely that the snowpack will be above average in just a few days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's include the usual California wet-season caveat: It's early yet, with months to go in our wet season. But for today, we've got what looks like good news for the state's water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post (Tuesday, Jan. 3):\u003c/strong> State water officials conducted their first direct eyeball assessment of the Sierra Nevada snowpack on Tuesday -- and what they found might be a little counterintuitive if you've been watching rain gauges just about anywhere in California's lower elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a familiar ritual, Department of Water Resources surveyors visited a measuring site at Phillips Station, about 6,800 feet above sea level and just off U.S. 50 near Lake Tahoe. They found that the snow at the site contained just 53 percent of the average water content for early January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That figure is actually lower than the department's electronically measured levels of the snowpack's water content. On Tuesday, those numbers ranged from 68 percent of average for the northern mountains (from the Trinity River watershed down to the Truckee River) to 73 percent for the southern end of the Sierra. The statewide snowpack is at 70 percent overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The snowpack is closely watched because it stores about one-third of the water that falls on the state and influences everything from farm and city water supplies to electricity generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year's below-average snowpack numbers are occurring in the midst of a much wetter than normal early rainy season for the state as a whole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DWR's index of precipitation for the northern Sierra -- recorded at eight different stations from Mount Shasta to the American River hamlet of Pacific House -- stands at 164 percent of average for the date. The indexes for the two mountain regions to the south stand at 130 and 117 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California-Nevada River Forecast Center, too, shows coastal locations from San Diego County clear up to the Oregon state line with rainfall totals ranging from about 120 to 200 percent of average and even higher in a few locations. The only exception to the generally high rain totals has been in the Salinas Valley and the Diablo Range, which runs between the northern Salinas Valley and the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heavy early-season rain has helped the state's big reservoirs rebound to levels close to or well above their average levels for early January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But all that water has arrived in a series of warm storms that have dropped their moisture as rain except at the highest elevations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a pattern that's being broken, at least for the time being. Today's snow survey took place amid a series of storms that could drop as much as 10 feet of snow on parts of the Sierra by this time next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Gehrke, chief of the California Cooperative Snow Surveys Program, reminded reporters at Phillips Station on Tuesday that as recently as last week, the ground there was mostly bare. He also recalled recent drought years in which the site remained snowless nearly all winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Probably the most encouraging thing is, unlike many years when we stood up here in January, it looks like we've got a series of wet, cold storms stretching out for the next week,\" Gehrke said. \"That's gonna really bolster the snowpack.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "How Science Can Help Prevent a (Bad) Hangover",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This story ran originally on Dec. 29, 2014. Amy Standen is now a reporter at \u003ca href=\"https://gimletmedia.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gimlet Media\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hangovers are a neglected topic, at least in the annals of science. Search “alcoholism” on \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=alcoholism\">PubMed \u003c/a>and you’ll find 76,131 studies published in peer-reviewed science journals. “Hangovers” yields a mere \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=hangover\">520\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of those were authored by Michael Shlipak, a physician at the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Most of the time, Shlipak studies kidney function. But a couple of oft-cited studies on hangovers in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10836917\">2000 \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15226168\">2004 \u003c/a>have earned him the distinction of being a “hangover expert,” a title he accepts somewhat reluctantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I went to meet Shlipak at his office in San Francisco’s Outer Richmond district. His spectacular view of the Pacific coast would probably be a balm after a rocky night out. What Shlipak told me about hangovers is surprising, as you’ll see in the video below (use the audio player above to hear the complete interview segment).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After you watch it, scroll down for some recipes that might (might!) help take the edge off of that New Year’s misery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://youtu.be/mY1A6LwqsRU\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So You Want to Try Prickly Pear at Home?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, two Big Caveats here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Caveat #1\u003c/em>: first is that in Shlipak’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15226168\">study\u003c/a>, the prickly pear was consumed \u003cem>before\u003c/em> study subjects went out drinking. The science here is far from certain, but Shlipak was concerned that the prickly pear wouldn’t digest as well in a belly full of booze. By the time the hangover has set in, he says, it’s probably too late. So think of it as prevention, not antidote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Caveat #2:\u003c/em> No one knows exactly how much prickly pear you’d have to eat to tame that hangover. In Shlipak’s study, researchers used an extract. But dosages vary widely in nutritional supplements, which is why Shlipak told me he’d stick with the raw fruit itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How much ?” I asked. “Lots,” he answered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With those troublesome details out of the way, here are a couple of recipes I found online for prickly pear. (Of course, you could also just peel it and eat it raw. I bought a couple at a local market and found them to be quite tasty, kind of like a tart cucumber.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Prickly Pear Sorbet! Sounds like just the thing for your pre-New Years ramp-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"embedly-card\" href=\"http://www.rickbayless.com/recipe/monte-cristos-prickly-pear-sorbet/\">Monte Cristo’s Prickly Pear Sorbet\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And from Dr. Oz (not known for his \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/alicegwalton/2014/12/22/the-best-medical-advice-it-may-be-to-stay-away-from-dr-ozs/\">sound medical advice\u003c/a>, but if nothing else, this sounds delicious), a non-alcoholic prickly pear cocktail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"embedly-card\" href=\"http://www.doctoroz.com/recipe/hangover-cure-prickly-pear-cocktail\">Hangover Cure Prickly Pear Cocktail\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, because nothing says New Years Eve like salad and chia seeds, this attractive vinaigrette.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca class=\"embedly-card\" href=\"http://michelepeterson.com/3243-healthy-prickly-pear-chia-salad-dressing-recipe/\">Healthy prickly pear + chia salad dressing | A Taste for Travel with Michele Peterson\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: This story ran originally on Dec. 29, 2014. Amy Standen is now a reporter at \u003ca href=\"https://gimletmedia.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gimlet Media\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hangovers are a neglected topic, at least in the annals of science. Search “alcoholism” on \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=alcoholism\">PubMed \u003c/a>and you’ll find 76,131 studies published in peer-reviewed science journals. “Hangovers” yields a mere \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=hangover\">520\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of those were authored by Michael Shlipak, a physician at the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Most of the time, Shlipak studies kidney function. But a couple of oft-cited studies on hangovers in \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10836917\">2000 \u003c/a>and \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15226168\">2004 \u003c/a>have earned him the distinction of being a “hangover expert,” a title he accepts somewhat reluctantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I went to meet Shlipak at his office in San Francisco’s Outer Richmond district. His spectacular view of the Pacific coast would probably be a balm after a rocky night out. What Shlipak told me about hangovers is surprising, as you’ll see in the video below (use the audio player above to hear the complete interview segment).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After you watch it, scroll down for some recipes that might (might!) help take the edge off of that New Year’s misery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/mY1A6LwqsRU'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/mY1A6LwqsRU'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So You Want to Try Prickly Pear at Home?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Okay, two Big Caveats here:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Caveat #1\u003c/em>: first is that in Shlipak’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15226168\">study\u003c/a>, the prickly pear was consumed \u003cem>before\u003c/em> study subjects went out drinking. The science here is far from certain, but Shlipak was concerned that the prickly pear wouldn’t digest as well in a belly full of booze. By the time the hangover has set in, he says, it’s probably too late. So think of it as prevention, not antidote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Caveat #2:\u003c/em> No one knows exactly how much prickly pear you’d have to eat to tame that hangover. In Shlipak’s study, researchers used an extract. But dosages vary widely in nutritional supplements, which is why Shlipak told me he’d stick with the raw fruit itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How much ?” I asked. “Lots,” he answered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With those troublesome details out of the way, here are a couple of recipes I found online for prickly pear. (Of course, you could also just peel it and eat it raw. I bought a couple at a local market and found them to be quite tasty, kind of like a tart cucumber.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Prickly Pear Sorbet! Sounds like just the thing for your pre-New Years ramp-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"embedly-card\" href=\"http://www.rickbayless.com/recipe/monte-cristos-prickly-pear-sorbet/\">Monte Cristo’s Prickly Pear Sorbet\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And from Dr. Oz (not known for his \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/alicegwalton/2014/12/22/the-best-medical-advice-it-may-be-to-stay-away-from-dr-ozs/\">sound medical advice\u003c/a>, but if nothing else, this sounds delicious), a non-alcoholic prickly pear cocktail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"embedly-card\" href=\"http://www.doctoroz.com/recipe/hangover-cure-prickly-pear-cocktail\">Hangover Cure Prickly Pear Cocktail\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, because nothing says New Years Eve like salad and chia seeds, this attractive vinaigrette.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca class=\"embedly-card\" href=\"http://michelepeterson.com/3243-healthy-prickly-pear-chia-salad-dressing-recipe/\">Healthy prickly pear + chia salad dressing | A Taste for Travel with Michele Peterson\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Here’s a timely reminder for all you would-be revelers out there: Be careful with your countdowns this New Year’s Eve. There will be a little extra time to bask in the glow of a retreating 2016 — or curse its name, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/12/28/506718757/should-we-all-just-stop-calling-2016-the-worst\">as the case may be.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever your inclination, one thing is certain: Before the year is out, the world’s foremost authority on time will be adding one more second to the clock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://datacenter.iers.org/web/guest/eop/-/somos/5Rgv/latest/16\">bulletin released\u003c/a> this summer, the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, or IERS, said it would be necessary to introduce a “leap second” at the end of December. Timekeepers use this added second much as leap years are used — to bring the world’s atomic clocks in sync with the Earth’s own distinctive rhythm, which in this case is determined by its rotation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This leap second isn’t the first. Since 1971, the world has added leap seconds with some regularity — typically every two to three years — and the latest leap second was added \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/06/30/418594948/11-59-60-look-for-an-extra-tick-of-the-clock-tonight\">only last year\u003c/a>, in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why do these leap seconds keep cropping up? Peter Whibberley, a research scientist with the U.K.’s National Physical Laboratory, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npl.co.uk/news/what-will-you-do-with-your-extra-second\">explains it this way\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Atomic clocks are more than a million times better at keeping time than the rotation of the Earth, which fluctuates unpredictably. Leap seconds are needed to prevent civil time drifting away from Earth time. Although the drift is small — taking around a thousand years to accumulate a one-hour difference — if not corrected, it would eventually result in clocks showing midday before sunrise.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Recent research appears to back up Whibberley’s assessment. According to a study published earlier this month in \u003ca href=\"http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/472/2196/20160404\">the Proceedings of the Royal Society A\u003c/a>, Earth’s rotation has slowed about 1.8 milliseconds per day — which means the solar day itself has lengthened, little by little. The researchers based this assessment on records dating back to 760 B.C., long before the implementation of the precise atomic clocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-earth-longer-days-20161205-story.html\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> broke down the findings: “If humanity had been measuring time with an atomic clock that started running back in 700 BC, today that clock would read 7 p.m. when the sun is directly overhead rather than noon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, however useful they may seem, these little extras can occasionally cause some big frustrations, as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/06/30/418924569/to-keep-up-with-earths-rotation-clocks-will-tick-an-extra-second-tonight\">NPR’s Geoff Brumfiel notes\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Leap seconds have crashed airline reservation systems. They’re believed to have briefly shut down Russia’s GPS satellite system, and there’s potential for even greater mischief as things like financial trading become ever more precise in their use of time.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And those issues have earned the humble leap second its fair share of critics, who argue that it is standing in the way of the precision promised by atomic clocks. These critics would prefer the steadiness that may come with unmooring the world’s measurement of time from its astronomical inspiration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate has persisted \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2012/01/17/145355481/worlds-time-keepers-will-decide-the-fate-of-the-leap-second\">for years\u003c/a>, leaving the leap second with an uncertain fate. The United Nations \u003ca href=\"http://phys.org/news/2015-11-thoughts-countries-decision.html\">announced last year\u003c/a> that it will be postponing its decision on whether to keep the leap second around, saying that “further studies are required on the impact and application of a future reference time-scale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization is not expected to return to the decision until 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this is to say: Whether you like it or not, the leap second will be sticking around a while longer — and so will 2016, even if only by a single second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Here’s a timely reminder for all you would-be revelers out there: Be careful with your countdowns this New Year’s Eve. There will be a little extra time to bask in the glow of a retreating 2016 — or curse its name, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/12/28/506718757/should-we-all-just-stop-calling-2016-the-worst\">as the case may be.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever your inclination, one thing is certain: Before the year is out, the world’s foremost authority on time will be adding one more second to the clock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://datacenter.iers.org/web/guest/eop/-/somos/5Rgv/latest/16\">bulletin released\u003c/a> this summer, the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, or IERS, said it would be necessary to introduce a “leap second” at the end of December. Timekeepers use this added second much as leap years are used — to bring the world’s atomic clocks in sync with the Earth’s own distinctive rhythm, which in this case is determined by its rotation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This leap second isn’t the first. Since 1971, the world has added leap seconds with some regularity — typically every two to three years — and the latest leap second was added \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/06/30/418594948/11-59-60-look-for-an-extra-tick-of-the-clock-tonight\">only last year\u003c/a>, in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why do these leap seconds keep cropping up? Peter Whibberley, a research scientist with the U.K.’s National Physical Laboratory, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npl.co.uk/news/what-will-you-do-with-your-extra-second\">explains it this way\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Atomic clocks are more than a million times better at keeping time than the rotation of the Earth, which fluctuates unpredictably. Leap seconds are needed to prevent civil time drifting away from Earth time. Although the drift is small — taking around a thousand years to accumulate a one-hour difference — if not corrected, it would eventually result in clocks showing midday before sunrise.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Recent research appears to back up Whibberley’s assessment. According to a study published earlier this month in \u003ca href=\"http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/472/2196/20160404\">the Proceedings of the Royal Society A\u003c/a>, Earth’s rotation has slowed about 1.8 milliseconds per day — which means the solar day itself has lengthened, little by little. The researchers based this assessment on records dating back to 760 B.C., long before the implementation of the precise atomic clocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-earth-longer-days-20161205-story.html\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> broke down the findings: “If humanity had been measuring time with an atomic clock that started running back in 700 BC, today that clock would read 7 p.m. when the sun is directly overhead rather than noon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, however useful they may seem, these little extras can occasionally cause some big frustrations, as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/06/30/418924569/to-keep-up-with-earths-rotation-clocks-will-tick-an-extra-second-tonight\">NPR’s Geoff Brumfiel notes\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Leap seconds have crashed airline reservation systems. They’re believed to have briefly shut down Russia’s GPS satellite system, and there’s potential for even greater mischief as things like financial trading become ever more precise in their use of time.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And those issues have earned the humble leap second its fair share of critics, who argue that it is standing in the way of the precision promised by atomic clocks. These critics would prefer the steadiness that may come with unmooring the world’s measurement of time from its astronomical inspiration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate has persisted \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2012/01/17/145355481/worlds-time-keepers-will-decide-the-fate-of-the-leap-second\">for years\u003c/a>, leaving the leap second with an uncertain fate. The United Nations \u003ca href=\"http://phys.org/news/2015-11-thoughts-countries-decision.html\">announced last year\u003c/a> that it will be postponing its decision on whether to keep the leap second around, saying that “further studies are required on the impact and application of a future reference time-scale.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization is not expected to return to the decision until 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All this is to say: Whether you like it or not, the leap second will be sticking around a while longer — and so will 2016, even if only by a single second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on May 23, 2016.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UPDATE: Since this story first aired, Yuriana Aguilar is now a postdoc in Chicago, continuing her cardiovascular research. She says she’s currently feeling very insecure about the fate of undocumented students like her once President-elect Trump takes office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have you ever seen a beating heart, pulsing on its own for hours, outside of the body? I got to see one last week, after it had been removed from a mouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see that it’s still beating,” says 26-year-old Yuriana Aguilar, a newly minted Ph.D. in a white lab coat. “It’s a very impressive organ.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilar is injecting a special dye into the heart, so she can look at the electrical signaling going on in the membrane of each cell. She's a researcher in a biomedical lab at UC Merced, the University of California’s newest campus. She’s also the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucmerced.edu/news/2016/undocumented-student-makes-history-phd\">first undocumented student\u003c/a> to get her doctorate at UC Merced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/265150534\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilar is looking at mouse hearts to figure out what happens in the human heart just before sudden cardiac death, which kills hundreds of thousands of people each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Ariel Escobar, who runs the lab, says Aguilar is the best student he’s ever taught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She presented her work at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biophysics.org/Meetings/AnnualMeeting/tabid/85/Default.aspx\">Biophysical Society\u003c/a> meeting. She was the only student in that session. They were all full professors and chairmen of departments, and her!” he exclaims. “She’s superb, superb!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">DACA allowed Yuriana to get a temporary work permit. She has to renew it every two years, but has no path to permanent legal status.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But Aguilar’s future is uncertain. She came to California from Mexico with her farmworker parents when she was 5. None of them have immigration papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everybody has the American dream,\" Aguilar says. “They think, ‘We’re going to strive, we’re going to have our own homes, our own businesses.' My parents have not been better off economically. But they see the American dream fulfilling in me. That keeps me going.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilar has worked her way through school picking watermelons, cleaning hotels and selling produce at flea markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are fears. I fear that if I’m in the flea market, and they're doing deportations or something, nobody's going to care that I have a title,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10965233\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10965233 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsField-800x626.jpg\" alt=\"Yuriana Aguilar with her family in their squash field: (L-R) Arturo Aguilar, Yuriana and her daughter Victoria, Ana Torres, and Yuriana's husband, Ismael. Yuriana is the first undocumented student to graduate with a Ph.D. from UC Merced.\" width=\"800\" height=\"626\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsField-800x626.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsField-400x313.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsField.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsField-1180x924.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsField-960x752.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yuriana Aguilar with her family in their squash field: (L-R) Arturo Aguilar, Yuriana and her daughter Victoria, Ana Torres, and Yuriana's husband, Ismael. Yuriana is the first undocumented student to graduate with a Ph.D. from UC Merced. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As an undergraduate, Aguilar wasn’t eligible for many grants and scholarships. Her parents sold enchiladas and vegetables to help pay her costs. Once she got her bachelor's degree, she was working as an unpaid volunteer in the lab when the Obama administration announced\u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\"> Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a>, or DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I remember, I was here in the lab when I was watching the news about DACA. I cried,\" she says. \"I was here with the heart, so that was very emotional. To see that I could actually do this, that it would allow me to continue to work here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"FkEmmd0lIiGlNtVKdEhyXBRcNUlU76bk\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DACA allowed Aguilar to get a temporary work permit. She has to renew it every two years, but has no path to permanent legal status. Without that, she can't apply for a lot of government grants and fellowships. She also can't travel to visit the scientists she’s collaborated with in Brazil, Spain and Argentina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you don’t have papers, you are very limited. But science just doesn’t have borders. That's very impressive to me. They don’t exist because that would limit the advancement of technologies and how much progress we’re making in the field,\" Aguilar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercedsunstar.com/news/local/education/uc-merced/article77336967.html\">article\u003c/a> about her in the local Merced Sun-Star newspaper prompted a number of readers to write in, saying she shouldn't be at the university taking the space of a U.S. citizen, or that she should be deported. I asked her how she felt about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, you get discouraged, but I am used to hearing those comments. There are shortages of researchers and physicians. Definitely, if somebody's more qualified, go for it,\" says Aguilar. \"We all compete for the same spots.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Yuriana Explains Her Research With Mouse Hearts\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/aKhlXw88wzI\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"She hasn’t taken anybody’s spot. She earned that,\" says Alex Delgadillo, who runs a \u003ca href=\"http://undoc.ucmerced.edu/\">special office at UC Merced \u003c/a> to help undocumented students, and to train faculty and staff about how to assist them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yuriana came here as an undergraduate, distinguished herself at her high school, she continued and excelled, did research here,\" says Delgadillo. \"She was up against competitive candidates, and she distinguished herself in that regard, just like any competitive candidate has to meet the rigorous requirements of a UC.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serving low-income immigrant students is core to UC Merced’s mission. About two-thirds of its students are the first in their family to go to college, and many are immigrants, like Aguilar. UC President Janet Napolitano recently\u003ca href=\"http://universityofcalifornia.edu/press-room/uc-president-napolitano-proposes-multi-year-support-undocumented-students\"> earmarked $8.4 million \u003c/a>to expand support for undocumented students across the UC system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Did Two Farmworkers Put Five Kids Through College?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After working at the lab, Aguilar drives with her husband and 1-year-old daughter, Victoria, to visit her parents on their farm in West Fresno. It’s right in the heart of one the\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/04/23/worried-about-pollution-where-you-live-check-how-your-zip-code-ranks/\"> most impoverished ZIP codes \u003c/a>in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her parents rent a plot of land to raise goats and grow squash and cucumbers they sell at markets in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yuriana's mother, Ana Torres, is a tough lady. She climbs a tall metal fence and leaps down into the goat pen to help a 3-day-old goat nurse on the mama goat she calls Bambi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10965237\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10965237\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BabyGoats-800x528.jpg\" alt=\"Ana Torres shows off a baby goat to her daughter Yuriana and granddaughter Victoria.\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BabyGoats-800x528.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BabyGoats-400x264.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BabyGoats.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BabyGoats-1180x779.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BabyGoats-960x634.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ana Torres shows off a baby goat to her daughter Yuriana and granddaughter Victoria. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I have to be tough,\" she tells me in Spanish. \"I raised five kids, and they’re all getting their degrees.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tending the goats and picking zucchini has destroyed Torres' fancy manicure. She normally doesn't get her nails done, she tells me, but two of her children graduated this week -- Yuriana with her doctorate, and a son as a pilot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I ask Torres and her husband, Arturo Aguilar, what their secret is. How did two farmworker parents who didn’t finish elementary school put five kids through college?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'd talk to them a lot, tell them they're smart,\" says Arturo. \"And we would pay them $20 for every A and B they got. They had to pay us $25 or $30 if they got an F. We had to work harder to earn more money if they got A's, but it was worth it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if they didn't do a good job in school, they had to do longer shifts on the farm, picking spiny cactus. Ana and Arturo say they were tough on their kids, but loving, present, involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10965240\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10965240 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsWSquash-800x888.jpg\" alt=\"Farmworkers Arturo Aguilar and Ana Torres have put their five children through college, including Yuriana, UC Merced's first undocumented Ph.D.\" width=\"800\" height=\"888\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsWSquash-800x888.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsWSquash-400x444.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsWSquash.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsWSquash-1180x1310.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsWSquash-960x1066.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworkers Arturo Aguilar and Ana Torres have put their five children through college, including Yuriana, UC Merced's first undocumented Ph.D. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Arturo says a lot of immigrants come from Mexico wanting to buy fancy trucks or cars. \"But the best investment you can make is your children’s education,\" he says. \"A car or truck only stays new and shiny for a while. But a child’s education lasts their whole life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ana Torres starts to cry as she tells me how proud she is of her daughter getting her Ph.D. She walks over to hug her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am crying, but they're happy tears,\" says Torres. \"Before, I was crying tears of sadness. Especially when Yuriana would call me to tell me that people cared more about her documents than about her intelligence or her perseverance in getting ahead.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thank you for believing in me,\" says Yuriana, \"even though there were so many obstacles in our way. I remember you always told me that no one can take away your education. The government may not give you papers, but they can’t take away your learning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's right,\" says Torres. \"I always told you that learning lasts you your whole life. It's the only inheritance you're going to get from us, and as long as we have feet to stand on and hands to work, we’re going to support you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yuriana Aguilar says she hopes to open her own medical research lab. She’s got faith that somehow she’ll find a path to citizenship. But even then, she won’t mind working in the fields sometimes -- or even buying a lot of land to farm someday. You have to do every job with dignity, she says, and with your heart.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on May 23, 2016.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UPDATE: Since this story first aired, Yuriana Aguilar is now a postdoc in Chicago, continuing her cardiovascular research. She says she’s currently feeling very insecure about the fate of undocumented students like her once President-elect Trump takes office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Have you ever seen a beating heart, pulsing on its own for hours, outside of the body? I got to see one last week, after it had been removed from a mouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can see that it’s still beating,” says 26-year-old Yuriana Aguilar, a newly minted Ph.D. in a white lab coat. “It’s a very impressive organ.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilar is injecting a special dye into the heart, so she can look at the electrical signaling going on in the membrane of each cell. She's a researcher in a biomedical lab at UC Merced, the University of California’s newest campus. She’s also the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ucmerced.edu/news/2016/undocumented-student-makes-history-phd\">first undocumented student\u003c/a> to get her doctorate at UC Merced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/265150534&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/265150534'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilar is looking at mouse hearts to figure out what happens in the human heart just before sudden cardiac death, which kills hundreds of thousands of people each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Professor Ariel Escobar, who runs the lab, says Aguilar is the best student he’s ever taught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She presented her work at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.biophysics.org/Meetings/AnnualMeeting/tabid/85/Default.aspx\">Biophysical Society\u003c/a> meeting. She was the only student in that session. They were all full professors and chairmen of departments, and her!” he exclaims. “She’s superb, superb!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">DACA allowed Yuriana to get a temporary work permit. She has to renew it every two years, but has no path to permanent legal status.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But Aguilar’s future is uncertain. She came to California from Mexico with her farmworker parents when she was 5. None of them have immigration papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everybody has the American dream,\" Aguilar says. “They think, ‘We’re going to strive, we’re going to have our own homes, our own businesses.' My parents have not been better off economically. But they see the American dream fulfilling in me. That keeps me going.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aguilar has worked her way through school picking watermelons, cleaning hotels and selling produce at flea markets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are fears. I fear that if I’m in the flea market, and they're doing deportations or something, nobody's going to care that I have a title,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10965233\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10965233 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsField-800x626.jpg\" alt=\"Yuriana Aguilar with her family in their squash field: (L-R) Arturo Aguilar, Yuriana and her daughter Victoria, Ana Torres, and Yuriana's husband, Ismael. Yuriana is the first undocumented student to graduate with a Ph.D. from UC Merced.\" width=\"800\" height=\"626\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsField-800x626.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsField-400x313.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsField.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsField-1180x924.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsField-960x752.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yuriana Aguilar with her family in their squash field: (L-R) Arturo Aguilar, Yuriana and her daughter Victoria, Ana Torres, and Yuriana's husband, Ismael. Yuriana is the first undocumented student to graduate with a Ph.D. from UC Merced. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As an undergraduate, Aguilar wasn’t eligible for many grants and scholarships. Her parents sold enchiladas and vegetables to help pay her costs. Once she got her bachelor's degree, she was working as an unpaid volunteer in the lab when the Obama administration announced\u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/humanitarian/consideration-deferred-action-childhood-arrivals-daca\"> Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals\u003c/a>, or DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I remember, I was here in the lab when I was watching the news about DACA. I cried,\" she says. \"I was here with the heart, so that was very emotional. To see that I could actually do this, that it would allow me to continue to work here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DACA allowed Aguilar to get a temporary work permit. She has to renew it every two years, but has no path to permanent legal status. Without that, she can't apply for a lot of government grants and fellowships. She also can't travel to visit the scientists she’s collaborated with in Brazil, Spain and Argentina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you don’t have papers, you are very limited. But science just doesn’t have borders. That's very impressive to me. They don’t exist because that would limit the advancement of technologies and how much progress we’re making in the field,\" Aguilar says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercedsunstar.com/news/local/education/uc-merced/article77336967.html\">article\u003c/a> about her in the local Merced Sun-Star newspaper prompted a number of readers to write in, saying she shouldn't be at the university taking the space of a U.S. citizen, or that she should be deported. I asked her how she felt about that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You know, you get discouraged, but I am used to hearing those comments. There are shortages of researchers and physicians. Definitely, if somebody's more qualified, go for it,\" says Aguilar. \"We all compete for the same spots.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Yuriana Explains Her Research With Mouse Hearts\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"560\" height=\"315\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/aKhlXw88wzI\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\"She hasn’t taken anybody’s spot. She earned that,\" says Alex Delgadillo, who runs a \u003ca href=\"http://undoc.ucmerced.edu/\">special office at UC Merced \u003c/a> to help undocumented students, and to train faculty and staff about how to assist them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yuriana came here as an undergraduate, distinguished herself at her high school, she continued and excelled, did research here,\" says Delgadillo. \"She was up against competitive candidates, and she distinguished herself in that regard, just like any competitive candidate has to meet the rigorous requirements of a UC.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serving low-income immigrant students is core to UC Merced’s mission. About two-thirds of its students are the first in their family to go to college, and many are immigrants, like Aguilar. UC President Janet Napolitano recently\u003ca href=\"http://universityofcalifornia.edu/press-room/uc-president-napolitano-proposes-multi-year-support-undocumented-students\"> earmarked $8.4 million \u003c/a>to expand support for undocumented students across the UC system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Did Two Farmworkers Put Five Kids Through College?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After working at the lab, Aguilar drives with her husband and 1-year-old daughter, Victoria, to visit her parents on their farm in West Fresno. It’s right in the heart of one the\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/04/23/worried-about-pollution-where-you-live-check-how-your-zip-code-ranks/\"> most impoverished ZIP codes \u003c/a>in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her parents rent a plot of land to raise goats and grow squash and cucumbers they sell at markets in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yuriana's mother, Ana Torres, is a tough lady. She climbs a tall metal fence and leaps down into the goat pen to help a 3-day-old goat nurse on the mama goat she calls Bambi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10965237\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10965237\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BabyGoats-800x528.jpg\" alt=\"Ana Torres shows off a baby goat to her daughter Yuriana and granddaughter Victoria.\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BabyGoats-800x528.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BabyGoats-400x264.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BabyGoats.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BabyGoats-1180x779.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BabyGoats-960x634.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ana Torres shows off a baby goat to her daughter Yuriana and granddaughter Victoria. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I have to be tough,\" she tells me in Spanish. \"I raised five kids, and they’re all getting their degrees.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tending the goats and picking zucchini has destroyed Torres' fancy manicure. She normally doesn't get her nails done, she tells me, but two of her children graduated this week -- Yuriana with her doctorate, and a son as a pilot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I ask Torres and her husband, Arturo Aguilar, what their secret is. How did two farmworker parents who didn’t finish elementary school put five kids through college?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'd talk to them a lot, tell them they're smart,\" says Arturo. \"And we would pay them $20 for every A and B they got. They had to pay us $25 or $30 if they got an F. We had to work harder to earn more money if they got A's, but it was worth it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if they didn't do a good job in school, they had to do longer shifts on the farm, picking spiny cactus. Ana and Arturo say they were tough on their kids, but loving, present, involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10965240\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10965240 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsWSquash-800x888.jpg\" alt=\"Farmworkers Arturo Aguilar and Ana Torres have put their five children through college, including Yuriana, UC Merced's first undocumented Ph.D.\" width=\"800\" height=\"888\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsWSquash-800x888.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsWSquash-400x444.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsWSquash.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsWSquash-1180x1310.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/AguilarsWSquash-960x1066.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworkers Arturo Aguilar and Ana Torres have put their five children through college, including Yuriana, UC Merced's first undocumented Ph.D. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Arturo says a lot of immigrants come from Mexico wanting to buy fancy trucks or cars. \"But the best investment you can make is your children’s education,\" he says. \"A car or truck only stays new and shiny for a while. But a child’s education lasts their whole life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ana Torres starts to cry as she tells me how proud she is of her daughter getting her Ph.D. She walks over to hug her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am crying, but they're happy tears,\" says Torres. \"Before, I was crying tears of sadness. Especially when Yuriana would call me to tell me that people cared more about her documents than about her intelligence or her perseverance in getting ahead.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thank you for believing in me,\" says Yuriana, \"even though there were so many obstacles in our way. I remember you always told me that no one can take away your education. The government may not give you papers, but they can’t take away your learning.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's right,\" says Torres. \"I always told you that learning lasts you your whole life. It's the only inheritance you're going to get from us, and as long as we have feet to stand on and hands to work, we’re going to support you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yuriana Aguilar says she hopes to open her own medical research lab. She’s got faith that somehow she’ll find a path to citizenship. But even then, she won’t mind working in the fields sometimes -- or even buying a lot of land to farm someday. You have to do every job with dignity, she says, and with your heart.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Reporters' Choice: The 2016 Science Stories You Don't Want To Miss",
"headTitle": "Reporters’ Choice: The 2016 Science Stories You Don’t Want To Miss | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>This year, we asked our reporters to choose stories from 2016 they thought you shouldn’t miss. Perhaps it’s because the story is so thoroughly unbelievable, or it’s that the hype doesn’t bear much resemblance to the reality, or maybe it’s a meaningful story that’s largely unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those reasons and more, here are the stories KQED Science reporters think you’ll be glad you know about, as you watch the stories continue to unfold in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lauren Sommer: What To Do With Too Much Solar Power?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2016 is likely to end as a banner year for solar energy in California; the state is steaming toward a goal of 33 percent renewable energy by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the influx of solar power has created a surprising problem: on some days, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/04/what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">there’s simply too much\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-616162\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop.jpg\" alt=\"Solar_Desktop\" width=\"1730\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop.jpg 1730w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-400x231.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-800x462.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-768x444.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-1440x832.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-1180x682.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-960x555.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1730px) 100vw, 1730px\">\u003c/a>It happens on spring days, when Californians aren’t using much air conditioning and demand for power is low. The surge of midday power, when the sun is at its peak, is more than the grid needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Brown’s administration has proposed a controversial solution to help with this: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/04/what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">joining California’s grid\u003c/a> with other Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, Governor Brown’s plan \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-jerry-brown-regional-electricity-grid-20160808-snap-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hit a roadblock\u003c/a> in the state legislature, and he’s vowed to bring it back in the new year. The shifting political winds accompanying president-elect Trump could also \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/states/california/story/2016/12/one-climate-change-initiative-on-which-trump-could-cause-california-to-retrench-108052\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spell its demise\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jon Brooks: Theranos’ Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Year\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos started 2016 facing the fallout from a devastating \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/26/for-theranos-the-bad-news-keeps-coming/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wall Street Journal investigation\u003c/a>. The reports alleged a bevy of improprieties and inaccuracies related to the company’s secret technology, which Theranos claimed could perform dozens of remarkably inexpensive blood tests using just a few drops of blood from a finger prick. That breakthrough innovation, Theranos founder and college dropout Elizabeth Holmes had claimed, would upend a $55 billion industry–a claim that enticed investors, the media, and pharmacy giant Walgreens to get in on the action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1262387\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 482px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1262387\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Clinton and Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes during closing session of Clinton Global Initiative on Sept. 29, 2015 in New York City. Not long after, it all went wrong for Holmes and her company.\" width=\"482\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes.jpg 3000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Clinton and Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes during closing session of Clinton Global Initiative on Sept. 29, 2015 in New York City. Not long after, it all went wrong for Holmes and her company. \u003ccite>(JP Yim/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Journal stories, however, were only a prelude. By mid-year, the name Theranos had become shorthand for Silicon Valley hubris. The company even \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/hbo-silicon-valley-takes-shot-at-theranos-2016-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earned mention\u003c/a> as a fraud on the cult HBO hit “Silicon Valley.” The unraveling was as relentless as it was spellbinding: A damning, federal lab inspection resulted in unprecedented, crippling sanctions — inaccurate tests had potentially put patients’ lives at risk, the government found, and the company later invalidated tens of thousands of test results. Federal investigations brewed, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/12/walgreens-shutting-down-theranos-centers-immediately-as-it-ends-partnership/\">Walgreens bailed\u003c/a>, lawsuits proliferated, and an attempted reboot at an annual meeting of lab scientists was deemed by some to be little more than an attempt at distraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, the once-confrontational company cried “uncle,” shutting down its consumer testing business and laying off 40 percent of its workforce. But a last 2016 indignity remained: In December, The Wall Street Journal revealed the identities of a coterie of Theranos’ previously anonymous investors. It seems someone at Theranos had failed to use the :bcc function on a mass email. “\u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/theranos-cant-even-send-a-goddamn-email-right-1789713944\">Theranos Can’t Even Send a Goddamn Email Right\u003c/a>” said the website Gizmodo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still to come for Holmes: \u003ca href=\"http://deadline.com/2016/06/adam-mckay-jennifer-lawrence-theranos-elizabeth-holmes-movie-rights-auction-1201774846/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hollywood rubs it in\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesley McClurg: So … Are We Supposed to Worry About Zika?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/TravelAssociatedCasesofZikaVirusinCA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">450 cases \u003c/a>of Californians diagnosed with Zika virus. Not one person contracted Zika in California; all of them returned with the disease after visiting Zika-infested countries such as Brazil and Colombia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was hard to tell from the media panic in early 2016 that California residents don’t have much to worry about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California counties, public health officials \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/03/21/what-californians-need-to-know-about-zika-virus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">don’t predict\u003c/a> a large local outbreak. The state has generally mild temperatures and desert air. The mosquitoes that carry Zika thrive in hot, humid weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika broke into the news in 2015 after an unusual number of babies in Brazil were born with a neurological condition called microcephaly, a rare disease causing an infant’s head to be abnormally small.\u003cspan lang=\"EN\"> There’s also an association between Zika and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/GBS.aspx\">\u003cspan lang=\"EN\">Guillain-Barré Syndrome\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan lang=\"EN\">, a disease affecting the nervous system.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials warn pregnant women to avoid traveling to more than \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/zika-information\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sixty countries\u003c/a>, and if they \u003cem>do\u003c/em> visit, the recommended protocol is to lather on bug spray and wear long sleeves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brooks: The Fat Disorder Millions Have But No One Has Heard Of\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/09/19/lipedema-the-fat-disorder-that-millions-have-but-no-one-has-heard-of/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">popular post\u003c/a> by far last year on KQED Science’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Future of You\u003c/a> website was about a lymphatic disease thought to affect up to 17 million Americans — most of them women. Lipedema causes subcutaneous fat to keep accumulating, mostly in the lower body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1262382\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1262382\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Marlene Simpson of Sacramento, Calif., wears compression bandages daily to help reduce the swelling in her legs. She is getting fitted for compression bandages for her arms to prevent swelling there.\" width=\"800\" height=\"738\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-160x148.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-768x708.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-240x221.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-375x346.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-520x480.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marlene Simpson of Sacramento, Calif., wears compression bandages daily to help reduce the swelling in her legs. She is getting fitted for compression bandages for her arms to prevent swelling there. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The signature characteristics of a lipedema patient are tree-trunk-like legs and a slim upper body. No matter how much a woman diets or exercises, the fat never goes away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many patients are unaware they have the disease, and undertake fruitless attempts to lose weight. Their physicians don’t know they have it, either, and often assume patients are simply obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like, ‘Whoa!’ “Judy Maggiore said. “I’ve never heard that before. They have a name for it and it’s not my fault!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only long-term treatment is liposuction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>McClurg: California’s Toxic Algae Was Worse Than Ever\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_929572\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-929572\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The docks behind homes at Discovery Bay are quieter than usual due to fears of blue green algae toxins. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The docks behind homes at Discovery Bay are quieter than usual due to fears of blue green algae toxins. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Algae blooms are a natural feature of summer, but in 2016, public health officials tallied record levels of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/plants/algae/publichealth/GeneralCyanobacteria.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cyanobacteria, \u003c/a>or blue-green algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some parts of the state, it looked like someone poured a giant can of green paint into the water. And the smell was often rank. When a bloom dies it reeks of rotten eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unusually hot temperatures, the ongoing drought and fertilizer runoff are the primarily culprits leading to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/08/22/toxic-muck-californias-algae-problem-is-worse-than-ever/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">toxic muck\u003c/a> and ‘no swimming’ signs in more than three dozen freshwater lakes and reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials detected levels of a toxin called microcystin that were 7,000 times higher than the level that would trigger a warning. Microcystin is one of several toxins produced by algae. Common symptoms are dizziness, rashes, fever and vomiting. It can be lethal to dogs and livestock, since the animals are more likely to drink the water or lick the slime off their fur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worst of all, scientists are just starting to understand a problem they expect to escalate. They’re finding blue-green algae in surprising places like pristine mountain lakes and alpine streams. Scientists are scrambling for solutions. Algaecides can help temporarily, but the chemicals can also backfire by promoting other toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: Among the stories we didn’t choose was one of the most obvious–the cosmic discovery of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/02/11/466286219/in-milestone-scientists-detect-waves-in-space-time-as-black-holes-collide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gravitational waves\u003c/a> by a team of scientists at the California Institute of Technology and around the world. One of our most unusual stories didn’t make the list–\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/06/13/the-nuclear-canal-when-scientists-thought-h-bombs-would-make-awesome-earthmovers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a history\u003c/a> of physicist Edward Teller’s notion of blowing open a new Panama Canal using atom bombs. And last, a story that burst on the scene at the end of the year: a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/08/19/the-biggest-california-water-decision-youve-never-heard-of/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">looming battle\u003c/a> over water in the San Joaquin River.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Reporters' Choice: The 2016 Science Stories You Don't Want To Miss | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This year, we asked our reporters to choose stories from 2016 they thought you shouldn’t miss. Perhaps it’s because the story is so thoroughly unbelievable, or it’s that the hype doesn’t bear much resemblance to the reality, or maybe it’s a meaningful story that’s largely unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those reasons and more, here are the stories KQED Science reporters think you’ll be glad you know about, as you watch the stories continue to unfold in 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lauren Sommer: What To Do With Too Much Solar Power?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2016 is likely to end as a banner year for solar energy in California; the state is steaming toward a goal of 33 percent renewable energy by 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the influx of solar power has created a surprising problem: on some days, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/04/what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">there’s simply too much\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-616162\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop.jpg\" alt=\"Solar_Desktop\" width=\"1730\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop.jpg 1730w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-400x231.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-800x462.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-768x444.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-1440x832.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-1180x682.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/04/Solar_Desktop-960x555.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1730px) 100vw, 1730px\">\u003c/a>It happens on spring days, when Californians aren’t using much air conditioning and demand for power is low. The surge of midday power, when the sun is at its peak, is more than the grid needs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Brown’s administration has proposed a controversial solution to help with this: \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/04/04/what-will-california-do-with-too-much-solar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">joining California’s grid\u003c/a> with other Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, Governor Brown’s plan \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-jerry-brown-regional-electricity-grid-20160808-snap-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hit a roadblock\u003c/a> in the state legislature, and he’s vowed to bring it back in the new year. The shifting political winds accompanying president-elect Trump could also \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/states/california/story/2016/12/one-climate-change-initiative-on-which-trump-could-cause-california-to-retrench-108052\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">spell its demise\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Jon Brooks: Theranos’ Terrible, Horrible, No Good, Very Bad Year\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theranos started 2016 facing the fallout from a devastating \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/01/26/for-theranos-the-bad-news-keeps-coming/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wall Street Journal investigation\u003c/a>. The reports alleged a bevy of improprieties and inaccuracies related to the company’s secret technology, which Theranos claimed could perform dozens of remarkably inexpensive blood tests using just a few drops of blood from a finger prick. That breakthrough innovation, Theranos founder and college dropout Elizabeth Holmes had claimed, would upend a $55 billion industry–a claim that enticed investors, the media, and pharmacy giant Walgreens to get in on the action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1262387\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 482px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-1262387\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes.jpg\" alt=\"Bill Clinton and Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes during closing session of Clinton Global Initiative on Sept. 29, 2015 in New York City. Not long after, it all went wrong for Holmes and her company.\" width=\"482\" height=\"321\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes.jpg 3000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/clintonholmes-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 482px) 100vw, 482px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Clinton and Theranos CEO Elizabeth Holmes during closing session of Clinton Global Initiative on Sept. 29, 2015 in New York City. Not long after, it all went wrong for Holmes and her company. \u003ccite>(JP Yim/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Journal stories, however, were only a prelude. By mid-year, the name Theranos had become shorthand for Silicon Valley hubris. The company even \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/hbo-silicon-valley-takes-shot-at-theranos-2016-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earned mention\u003c/a> as a fraud on the cult HBO hit “Silicon Valley.” The unraveling was as relentless as it was spellbinding: A damning, federal lab inspection resulted in unprecedented, crippling sanctions — inaccurate tests had potentially put patients’ lives at risk, the government found, and the company later invalidated tens of thousands of test results. Federal investigations brewed, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/06/12/walgreens-shutting-down-theranos-centers-immediately-as-it-ends-partnership/\">Walgreens bailed\u003c/a>, lawsuits proliferated, and an attempted reboot at an annual meeting of lab scientists was deemed by some to be little more than an attempt at distraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, the once-confrontational company cried “uncle,” shutting down its consumer testing business and laying off 40 percent of its workforce. But a last 2016 indignity remained: In December, The Wall Street Journal revealed the identities of a coterie of Theranos’ previously anonymous investors. It seems someone at Theranos had failed to use the :bcc function on a mass email. “\u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/theranos-cant-even-send-a-goddamn-email-right-1789713944\">Theranos Can’t Even Send a Goddamn Email Right\u003c/a>” said the website Gizmodo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still to come for Holmes: \u003ca href=\"http://deadline.com/2016/06/adam-mckay-jennifer-lawrence-theranos-elizabeth-holmes-movie-rights-auction-1201774846/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hollywood rubs it in\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lesley McClurg: So … Are We Supposed to Worry About Zika?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been nearly \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Documents/TravelAssociatedCasesofZikaVirusinCA.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">450 cases \u003c/a>of Californians diagnosed with Zika virus. Not one person contracted Zika in California; all of them returned with the disease after visiting Zika-infested countries such as Brazil and Colombia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was hard to tell from the media panic in early 2016 that California residents don’t have much to worry about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California counties, public health officials \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/03/21/what-californians-need-to-know-about-zika-virus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">don’t predict\u003c/a> a large local outbreak. The state has generally mild temperatures and desert air. The mosquitoes that carry Zika thrive in hot, humid weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zika broke into the news in 2015 after an unusual number of babies in Brazil were born with a neurological condition called microcephaly, a rare disease causing an infant’s head to be abnormally small.\u003cspan lang=\"EN\"> There’s also an association between Zika and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/HealthInfo/discond/Pages/GBS.aspx\">\u003cspan lang=\"EN\">Guillain-Barré Syndrome\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan lang=\"EN\">, a disease affecting the nervous system.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public health officials warn pregnant women to avoid traveling to more than \u003ca href=\"http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/page/zika-information\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sixty countries\u003c/a>, and if they \u003cem>do\u003c/em> visit, the recommended protocol is to lather on bug spray and wear long sleeves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brooks: The Fat Disorder Millions Have But No One Has Heard Of\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The most \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/09/19/lipedema-the-fat-disorder-that-millions-have-but-no-one-has-heard-of/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">popular post\u003c/a> by far last year on KQED Science’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Future of You\u003c/a> website was about a lymphatic disease thought to affect up to 17 million Americans — most of them women. Lipedema causes subcutaneous fat to keep accumulating, mostly in the lower body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1262382\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1262382\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85.jpg\" alt=\"Marlene Simpson of Sacramento, Calif., wears compression bandages daily to help reduce the swelling in her legs. She is getting fitted for compression bandages for her arms to prevent swelling there.\" width=\"800\" height=\"738\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-160x148.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-768x708.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-240x221.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-375x346.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/12/lipedemia-1_custom-11278cb1927b55f723dfdf998b93b3d25d232b60-s800-c85-520x480.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marlene Simpson of Sacramento, Calif., wears compression bandages daily to help reduce the swelling in her legs. She is getting fitted for compression bandages for her arms to prevent swelling there. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The signature characteristics of a lipedema patient are tree-trunk-like legs and a slim upper body. No matter how much a woman diets or exercises, the fat never goes away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many patients are unaware they have the disease, and undertake fruitless attempts to lose weight. Their physicians don’t know they have it, either, and often assume patients are simply obese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was like, ‘Whoa!’ “Judy Maggiore said. “I’ve never heard that before. They have a name for it and it’s not my fault!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only long-term treatment is liposuction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>McClurg: California’s Toxic Algae Was Worse Than Ever\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_929572\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-929572\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The docks behind homes at Discovery Bay are quieter than usual due to fears of blue green algae toxins. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/08/IMG_0790-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The docks behind homes at Discovery Bay are quieter than usual due to fears of blue green algae toxins. \u003ccite>(Lesley McClurg/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Algae blooms are a natural feature of summer, but in 2016, public health officials tallied record levels of \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/plants/algae/publichealth/GeneralCyanobacteria.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cyanobacteria, \u003c/a>or blue-green algae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some parts of the state, it looked like someone poured a giant can of green paint into the water. And the smell was often rank. When a bloom dies it reeks of rotten eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unusually hot temperatures, the ongoing drought and fertilizer runoff are the primarily culprits leading to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/08/22/toxic-muck-californias-algae-problem-is-worse-than-ever/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">toxic muck\u003c/a> and ‘no swimming’ signs in more than three dozen freshwater lakes and reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials detected levels of a toxin called microcystin that were 7,000 times higher than the level that would trigger a warning. Microcystin is one of several toxins produced by algae. Common symptoms are dizziness, rashes, fever and vomiting. It can be lethal to dogs and livestock, since the animals are more likely to drink the water or lick the slime off their fur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worst of all, scientists are just starting to understand a problem they expect to escalate. They’re finding blue-green algae in surprising places like pristine mountain lakes and alpine streams. Scientists are scrambling for solutions. Algaecides can help temporarily, but the chemicals can also backfire by promoting other toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor’s Note: Among the stories we didn’t choose was one of the most obvious–the cosmic discovery of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/02/11/466286219/in-milestone-scientists-detect-waves-in-space-time-as-black-holes-collide\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">gravitational waves\u003c/a> by a team of scientists at the California Institute of Technology and around the world. One of our most unusual stories didn’t make the list–\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/06/13/the-nuclear-canal-when-scientists-thought-h-bombs-would-make-awesome-earthmovers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a history\u003c/a> of physicist Edward Teller’s notion of blowing open a new Panama Canal using atom bombs. And last, a story that burst on the scene at the end of the year: a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/08/19/the-biggest-california-water-decision-youve-never-heard-of/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">looming battle\u003c/a> over water in the San Joaquin River.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California's Water: Seven Important Things That Happened in 2016",
"headTitle": "California’s Water: Seven Important Things That Happened in 2016 | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">THIS YEAR HAS \u003c/span>been a big one for water. California is still mired in drought, although less of the state is suffering than in previous years and each winter rainstorm brings a fresh bit of optimism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A large reserve of \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/06/27/new-groundwater-found-deep-under-central-valley\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">groundwater was found\u003c/a> deep under the drought-stricken Central Valley, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/10/06/how-california-is-learning-to-love-drinking-recycled-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recycled water\u003c/a> continues to gain in popularity, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/05/19/how-saving-salmon-could-help-ease-the-next-drought\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flooding to help fish and farmers\u003c/a> is panning out and 2016 will likely wrap up as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/15/science/2016-hottest-year-on-record.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hottest year on record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are seven other significant milestones that impacted California water and will help shape the year ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. Disappointing El Nino\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The much-heralded El Nino that many hoped would lift California out of drought didn’t live up to expectations. And what precipitation did come was concentrated much more heavily in the northern parts of the state, leaving Southern California high and dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By mid-April, while snowpack was at 100 percent of average in parts of the northern Sierra Nevada, precipitation in \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-no-rain-20160415-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Angeles was at only 58 percent\u003c/a>. And the snowpack reading for the southern Sierra Nevada on April 1 was \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/snow/COURSES.04\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">65 percent of \u003c/a>average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make matters worse, despite normal wet weather in the north, warmer temperatures meant that by May 1 the snowpack statewide dropped to only 55 percent of average – a marked improvement over the historically low snowpack of 2015, but nothing close to what the state needed to make a big impact on the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. Conservation Mandate Ends\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After nearly a year of Californians rising to the challenge of a 25 percent statewide conservation mandate, the policy was disbanded in May. The State Water Resources Control Board changed course and instead decided to let water agencies set their own conservation standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The new rules center on a ‘self-certification’ process in which individual water districts will forecast their demand and supply for the next three years, assuming continued below-average precipitation,” the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/05/20/california-lifts-statewide-conservation-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee reported\u003c/a>. “Districts would be required to reduce water use by an amount equal to their projected shortfall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the decision, most water agencies \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/10/14/what-falling-water-conservation-numbers-mean-for-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">set conservation goals\u003c/a> at or near zero, and conservation statewide fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Diminishing Lake Mead\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In June, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/06/20/what-lake-meads-record-low-means-for-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lake Mead hit its lowest point\u003c/a> ever since the reservoir on the Colorado River was built 80 years ago. Around 19 million Californians, nearly half the state, get some portion of their drinking water from the Colorado River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Reclamation believes \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/2a37e6597b6e4d1eaf591731a539de78/feds-see-shortage-2018-lake-mead-water-arizona-nevada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the lake’s shortage\u003c/a> will be so low by 2018 it will not be able to make its deliveries to lower-basin states Nevada, Arizona and California. The three states have been working for months on a compromise, should the shortage warrant it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in December the \u003ca href=\"http://www.reviewjournal.com/local/nevada/problems-california-complicate-negotiations-boost-sinking-lake-mead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Las Vegas Journal-Review\u003c/a> reported a new hitch – trouble in California is holding things up. “Before they agree to store more water in Lake Mead, California’s largest river users want to know how much water they might have to forgo to protect endangered fish in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta or keep the Salton Sea from drying up, triggering an ecological disaster,” the Journal-Review reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Toxic Algae Outbreaks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_108201\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The summer was marked by several outbreaks of toxic algae blooms in waters across the state, fueled by low water flows, warm temperatures and high levels of nutrients. Although toxic algae blooms happened in both Northern and Southern California, of particular concern was the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the Delta, it’s important to us because we have a large population base that uses this water, and protecting the water quality is of huge ecological importance,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/ssr/staff/lehman.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peggy Lehman\u003c/a>, a staff environmental scientist at the California Department of Water Resources, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/08/08/algae-outbreaks-fed-by-drought-climate-change-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told Water Deeply\u003c/a>. “With the State Water Project drawing from the Delta, we have to take a look at the importance of anything like this because it could be quite detrimental to human health and water quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">One of the most visible signs of California’s drought has been patches of red amid the typically green hillsides of California’s conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>5. Tree Mortality on the Rise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the most visible signs of California’s drought has been patches of red amid the typically green hillsides of California’s conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada. Recent aerial surveys indicate that the number of dead trees, thanks to drought and beetles, has risen to 102 million, with more than half dying in the last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The scale of die-off in California is unprecedented in our modern history,” Randy Moore, forester for the region of the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.S.\u003c/span> Forest Service that includes California, told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-dead-trees-20161118-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While statewide surveys have been conducted in the Sierra Nevada, smaller-scale research in coastal areas has also found that usually resilient oak trees are also dying from drought as tree roots can no longer reach falling aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>6. Federal Water Infrastructure Bill Signed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In December, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/12/20/what-the-new-federal-water-bill-means-for-the-delta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">President Obama signed\u003c/a> the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act, a $12 billion measure that provides aid for Flint, Michigan, and projects to fund dams and provide flood protection across the country. Stuffed into the legislation were controversial provisions that will affect how much water is pumped out of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Doyle, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/congress/article119710733.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting for McClatchy\u003c/a>, called it “the biggest federal reset of California water use in a generation, setting the stage for easier dam-building, more recycling and potentially happier Central Valley farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law has received cheers from San Joaquin Valley farmers and jeers from the environmental community and Delta-area residents worried about overpumping from the environmentally sensitive Bay Delta. The law calls for pumps “to maximize water supplies for the Central Valley Project and the State Water Project,” and may run into conflict with provisions in the Endangered Species Act that limit pumping at certain times to protect endangered fish species.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>7. Delta Tunnels Inch Forward\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_863594\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-863594\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The 30-mile tunnels would be built 150 feet under the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plans for the 30-mile tunnels slated to be built 150 feet under the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta inched forward in 2016. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With just over a week to go before the end of 2016, California took another step forward on California WaterFix, the plan to build twin tunnels in the Delta, by releasing more than 90,000 pages of a finalized \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/FinalEIREIS.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental impact report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erin Mellon, a spokeswoman for the state’s Natural Resources Agency, told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/delta/article122434249.html#storylink=cpy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a> that the state hopes “to have federal permits approved next year and construction under way as early as 2018.” The report comes after “hundreds of public meetings and thousands of comments,” according to the Natural Resources Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After years of scientific study and analysis, we have found the best solution for protecting both the Delta’s ecosystem and a vital water supply for California,” said Mark Cowin, director of the California Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Restore the Delta, one of the most outspoken critics of the plan, released a statement saying that the document “is \u003ca href=\"http://restorethedelta.us3.list-manage.com/track/click?u=06887fa70084fef8e939fef63&id=e35cf8c02d&e=3659e00ed8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">not a green light\u003c/a> for the Delta Tunnels but rather should be understood as the submission of homework by sponsoring agencies … to be evaluated by state and federal regulators who will determine if proposal can meet environmental and water quality standards … A feat no previous version of the proposal has achieved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">The project still faces other hurdles, including hearings before the State Water Resources Control Board on water rights impacts and a crucial agreement by water districts on how to finance the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\">\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The drought continues to impact California economically, politically and ecologically. Here’s a look at the most significant recent developments that will shape the year ahead.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"start\">THIS YEAR HAS \u003c/span>been a big one for water. California is still mired in drought, although less of the state is suffering than in previous years and each winter rainstorm brings a fresh bit of optimism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A large reserve of \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/06/27/new-groundwater-found-deep-under-central-valley\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">groundwater was found\u003c/a> deep under the drought-stricken Central Valley, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/10/06/how-california-is-learning-to-love-drinking-recycled-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recycled water\u003c/a> continues to gain in popularity, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/05/19/how-saving-salmon-could-help-ease-the-next-drought\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flooding to help fish and farmers\u003c/a> is panning out and 2016 will likely wrap up as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/15/science/2016-hottest-year-on-record.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hottest year on record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below are seven other significant milestones that impacted California water and will help shape the year ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>1. Disappointing El Nino\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The much-heralded El Nino that many hoped would lift California out of drought didn’t live up to expectations. And what precipitation did come was concentrated much more heavily in the northern parts of the state, leaving Southern California high and dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By mid-April, while snowpack was at 100 percent of average in parts of the northern Sierra Nevada, precipitation in \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-no-rain-20160415-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Angeles was at only 58 percent\u003c/a>. And the snowpack reading for the southern Sierra Nevada on April 1 was \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/snow/COURSES.04\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">65 percent of \u003c/a>average.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make matters worse, despite normal wet weather in the north, warmer temperatures meant that by May 1 the snowpack statewide dropped to only 55 percent of average – a marked improvement over the historically low snowpack of 2015, but nothing close to what the state needed to make a big impact on the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2. Conservation Mandate Ends\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After nearly a year of Californians rising to the challenge of a 25 percent statewide conservation mandate, the policy was disbanded in May. The State Water Resources Control Board changed course and instead decided to let water agencies set their own conservation standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The new rules center on a ‘self-certification’ process in which individual water districts will forecast their demand and supply for the next three years, assuming continued below-average precipitation,” the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/05/20/california-lifts-statewide-conservation-rules\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee reported\u003c/a>. “Districts would be required to reduce water use by an amount equal to their projected shortfall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the decision, most water agencies \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/10/14/what-falling-water-conservation-numbers-mean-for-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">set conservation goals\u003c/a> at or near zero, and conservation statewide fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>3. Diminishing Lake Mead\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In June, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/06/20/what-lake-meads-record-low-means-for-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lake Mead hit its lowest point\u003c/a> ever since the reservoir on the Colorado River was built 80 years ago. Around 19 million Californians, nearly half the state, get some portion of their drinking water from the Colorado River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bureau of Reclamation believes \u003ca href=\"http://bigstory.ap.org/article/2a37e6597b6e4d1eaf591731a539de78/feds-see-shortage-2018-lake-mead-water-arizona-nevada\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the lake’s shortage\u003c/a> will be so low by 2018 it will not be able to make its deliveries to lower-basin states Nevada, Arizona and California. The three states have been working for months on a compromise, should the shortage warrant it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in December the \u003ca href=\"http://www.reviewjournal.com/local/nevada/problems-california-complicate-negotiations-boost-sinking-lake-mead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Las Vegas Journal-Review\u003c/a> reported a new hitch – trouble in California is holding things up. “Before they agree to store more water in Lake Mead, California’s largest river users want to know how much water they might have to forgo to protect endangered fish in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta or keep the Salton Sea from drying up, triggering an ecological disaster,” the Journal-Review reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>4. Toxic Algae Outbreaks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_108201\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The summer was marked by several outbreaks of toxic algae blooms in waters across the state, fueled by low water flows, warm temperatures and high levels of nutrients. Although toxic algae blooms happened in both Northern and Southern California, of particular concern was the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the Delta, it’s important to us because we have a large population base that uses this water, and protecting the water quality is of huge ecological importance,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/ssr/staff/lehman.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peggy Lehman\u003c/a>, a staff environmental scientist at the California Department of Water Resources, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/08/08/algae-outbreaks-fed-by-drought-climate-change-pollution\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told Water Deeply\u003c/a>. “With the State Water Project drawing from the Delta, we have to take a look at the importance of anything like this because it could be quite detrimental to human health and water quality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">One of the most visible signs of California’s drought has been patches of red amid the typically green hillsides of California’s conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada.\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>5. Tree Mortality on the Rise\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the most visible signs of California’s drought has been patches of red amid the typically green hillsides of California’s conifer forests in the Sierra Nevada. Recent aerial surveys indicate that the number of dead trees, thanks to drought and beetles, has risen to 102 million, with more than half dying in the last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The scale of die-off in California is unprecedented in our modern history,” Randy Moore, forester for the region of the \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.S.\u003c/span> Forest Service that includes California, told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-dead-trees-20161118-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While statewide surveys have been conducted in the Sierra Nevada, smaller-scale research in coastal areas has also found that usually resilient oak trees are also dying from drought as tree roots can no longer reach falling aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>6. Federal Water Infrastructure Bill Signed\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In December, \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2016/12/20/what-the-new-federal-water-bill-means-for-the-delta\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">President Obama signed\u003c/a> the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act, a $12 billion measure that provides aid for Flint, Michigan, and projects to fund dams and provide flood protection across the country. Stuffed into the legislation were controversial provisions that will affect how much water is pumped out of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Doyle, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/politics-government/congress/article119710733.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reporting for McClatchy\u003c/a>, called it “the biggest federal reset of California water use in a generation, setting the stage for easier dam-building, more recycling and potentially happier Central Valley farmers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new law has received cheers from San Joaquin Valley farmers and jeers from the environmental community and Delta-area residents worried about overpumping from the environmentally sensitive Bay Delta. The law calls for pumps “to maximize water supplies for the Central Valley Project and the State Water Project,” and may run into conflict with provisions in the Endangered Species Act that limit pumping at certain times to protect endangered fish species.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>7. Delta Tunnels Inch Forward\u003c/h2>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_863594\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-863594\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"The 30-mile tunnels would be built 150 feet under the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-400x225.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2016/07/PJH_Delta_Farming-web-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Plans for the 30-mile tunnels slated to be built 150 feet under the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta inched forward in 2016. \u003ccite>(California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With just over a week to go before the end of 2016, California took another step forward on California WaterFix, the plan to build twin tunnels in the Delta, by releasing more than 90,000 pages of a finalized \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/FinalEIREIS.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">environmental impact report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erin Mellon, a spokeswoman for the state’s Natural Resources Agency, told the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/delta/article122434249.html#storylink=cpy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a> that the state hopes “to have federal permits approved next year and construction under way as early as 2018.” The report comes after “hundreds of public meetings and thousands of comments,” according to the Natural Resources Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After years of scientific study and analysis, we have found the best solution for protecting both the Delta’s ecosystem and a vital water supply for California,” said Mark Cowin, director of the California Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Restore the Delta, one of the most outspoken critics of the plan, released a statement saying that the document “is \u003ca href=\"http://restorethedelta.us3.list-manage.com/track/click?u=06887fa70084fef8e939fef63&id=e35cf8c02d&e=3659e00ed8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">not a green light\u003c/a> for the Delta Tunnels but rather should be understood as the submission of homework by sponsoring agencies … to be evaluated by state and federal regulators who will determine if proposal can meet environmental and water quality standards … A feat no previous version of the proposal has achieved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">The project still faces other hurdles, including hearings before the State Water Resources Control Board on water rights impacts and a crucial agreement by water districts on how to finance the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\">\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Thursday, 12:40 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could a flaring incident at the Chevron refinery in Richmond on Tuesday be the source of a pungent odor that spread across parts of San Francisco hours later?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After more than 70 complaints of a \"rotten egg\" smell in San Francisco on Wednesday morning, local air regulators are trying to pinpoint its cause. The flaring incident is now a possible suspect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are investigating the Chevron flaring incident ... to determine if it could be the potential source,\" said Bay Area Air Quality Management District spokeswoman Lisa Fasano late Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron did not initially report the flaring to Contra Costa County, but hours later acknowledged the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"OEYIT0E8RoOxl8GPphdzlj1DynvWbolV\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, a Chevron representative refuted the idea that the refinery problem could be blamed for the smell on the other side of San Francisco Bay, more than 10 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We experienced some minor flaring,\" Chevron spokeswoman Leah Casey said in an email. \"Our initial investigation shows no connection between the flaring incident and the odors recently detected in San Francisco.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the slim possibility that a chemical-like sulfur dioxide could have traveled in the air for such a long distance, the weather conditions would have to be just right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winds Tuesday night were gusting between 5 and 10 mph from the north-northeast to the south-southwest, according to Jan Null, a meteorologist with Golden Gate Weather Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"However, the distance is about 11 miles and it would have been very diluted,\" Null said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Another night, another incident, more odor complaints\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Chevron had another flaring incident at its refinery Wednesday night. There was some sort of \"process upset\" at 7 p.m., according to a report the company filed with the Governor's Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron's Casey said Thursday morning that company officials and air district representatives were meeting to \"understand if there is a connection to the source of the odor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours after the new refinery incident, PG&E received another round of odor complaints in San Francisco. More than a dozen people around the city called the utility between 11 p.m. Wednesday and 1 a.m. Thursday, according to PG&E spokesman J.D. Guidi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city's Fire Department responded to seven calls overnight, according to that agency's spokesman, Jonathan Baxter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district is investigating Chevron's second flaring incident, according to agency spokesman Ralph Borrmann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are investigating all possible angles. No conclusions have been reached yet,\" Borrmann wrote in an email when asked if there might be ties to another round of smell complaints in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday the district revealed that it received \"rotten egg\" complaints in Richmond as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is also looking into other potential sources that include ships, area landfills and wastewater treatment facilities, agency officials said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, preliminary data gathered from Chevron's fence line ground-level and nearby air quality monitors showed that sulfur was released during Chevron's first flaring incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another odor culprit could be the West Contra Costa Sanitary Landfill, said Randy Sawyer, the county's chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There have been odor complaints the last few months coming from the landfill,\" Sawyer said in an email. \"They have material that is composting and has turned anaerobic. This becomes very odorous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County's environmental health department is working with the landfill to get the problem under control, Sawyer said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Thursday, 12:40 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Could a flaring incident at the Chevron refinery in Richmond on Tuesday be the source of a pungent odor that spread across parts of San Francisco hours later?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After more than 70 complaints of a \"rotten egg\" smell in San Francisco on Wednesday morning, local air regulators are trying to pinpoint its cause. The flaring incident is now a possible suspect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are investigating the Chevron flaring incident ... to determine if it could be the potential source,\" said Bay Area Air Quality Management District spokeswoman Lisa Fasano late Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron did not initially report the flaring to Contra Costa County, but hours later acknowledged the incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, a Chevron representative refuted the idea that the refinery problem could be blamed for the smell on the other side of San Francisco Bay, more than 10 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We experienced some minor flaring,\" Chevron spokeswoman Leah Casey said in an email. \"Our initial investigation shows no connection between the flaring incident and the odors recently detected in San Francisco.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the slim possibility that a chemical-like sulfur dioxide could have traveled in the air for such a long distance, the weather conditions would have to be just right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winds Tuesday night were gusting between 5 and 10 mph from the north-northeast to the south-southwest, according to Jan Null, a meteorologist with Golden Gate Weather Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"However, the distance is about 11 miles and it would have been very diluted,\" Null said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Another night, another incident, more odor complaints\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Chevron had another flaring incident at its refinery Wednesday night. There was some sort of \"process upset\" at 7 p.m., according to a report the company filed with the Governor's Office of Emergency Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron's Casey said Thursday morning that company officials and air district representatives were meeting to \"understand if there is a connection to the source of the odor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours after the new refinery incident, PG&E received another round of odor complaints in San Francisco. More than a dozen people around the city called the utility between 11 p.m. Wednesday and 1 a.m. Thursday, according to PG&E spokesman J.D. Guidi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city's Fire Department responded to seven calls overnight, according to that agency's spokesman, Jonathan Baxter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district is investigating Chevron's second flaring incident, according to agency spokesman Ralph Borrmann.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are investigating all possible angles. No conclusions have been reached yet,\" Borrmann wrote in an email when asked if there might be ties to another round of smell complaints in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Thursday the district revealed that it received \"rotten egg\" complaints in Richmond as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is also looking into other potential sources that include ships, area landfills and wastewater treatment facilities, agency officials said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, preliminary data gathered from Chevron's fence line ground-level and nearby air quality monitors showed that sulfur was released during Chevron's first flaring incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another odor culprit could be the West Contra Costa Sanitary Landfill, said Randy Sawyer, the county's chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There have been odor complaints the last few months coming from the landfill,\" Sawyer said in an email. \"They have material that is composting and has turned anaerobic. This becomes very odorous.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County's environmental health department is working with the landfill to get the problem under control, Sawyer said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Local air regulators are investigating a mysterious rotten-egg odor that prompted dozens of complaints from people throughout San Francisco Wednesday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a half-dozen city and federal agencies, Pacific Gas and Electric and the city's garbage collector say they don't know what caused it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inspectors from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District began investigating the smell shortly after 9 a.m., said district spokesman Walter Wallace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, by that time people had stopped reporting the odor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E and the city's Fire Department say that shortly after 2 a.m. people began calling the utility and dispatchers, complaining of a sulfurlike smell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E received 45 calls about a gaslike odor in several different neighborhoods, according to company spokesman J.D. Guidi. Utility crews were sent out and found no gas leaks or any other problems with the company's facilities in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fire Department got more than 30 calls, according to that agency's spokesman, Jonathan Baxter. Callers described the odor as \"rotten eggs or sulfur,\" Baxter said in an email. The calls initially came from the downtown area and then moved toward the Marina, Sunset and Richmond neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Coast Guard received no reports of any fuel leaks in San Francisco Bay or off Ocean Beach Tuesday night and Wednesday morning, according to Lt. Megan Mervar, assistant chief for incident management at the agency's San Francisco sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The odor did not come from the city's sewer system, according to San Francisco Public Utilities Commission spokesman Charles Sheehan. \"These sulfur odors are not coming from us,\" Sheehan said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the smell was, it didn't get anyone ill, said public health department spokeswoman Rachael Kagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with SF Environment, San Francisco Public Works and the city's Department of Emergency Management, as well as Recology, were notified of the odor, but didn't know the cause either.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E received 45 calls about a gaslike odor in several different neighborhoods, according to company spokesman J.D. Guidi. Utility crews were sent out and found no gas leaks or any other problems with the company's facilities in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fire Department got more than 30 calls, according to that agency's spokesman, Jonathan Baxter. Callers described the odor as \"rotten eggs or sulfur,\" Baxter said in an email. The calls initially came from the downtown area and then moved toward the Marina, Sunset and Richmond neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Coast Guard received no reports of any fuel leaks in San Francisco Bay or off Ocean Beach Tuesday night and Wednesday morning, according to Lt. Megan Mervar, assistant chief for incident management at the agency's San Francisco sector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The odor did not come from the city's sewer system, according to San Francisco Public Utilities Commission spokesman Charles Sheehan. \"These sulfur odors are not coming from us,\" Sheehan said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the smell was, it didn't get anyone ill, said public health department spokeswoman Rachael Kagan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with SF Environment, San Francisco Public Works and the city's Department of Emergency Management, as well as Recology, were notified of the odor, but didn't know the cause either.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Three Earthquakes Strike Near Yosemite Valley, Lake Tahoe",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:30 p.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Geological Survey says the Bay Area could experience more aftershocks from a series of moderate earthquakes centered near Lake Tahoe early Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USGS geologist David Schwartz says the Bay Area could feel aftershocks around magnitude 3 over the next few weeks, adding that the fault lines involved in the quakes are likely pointing toward the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a chance these quakes could be a precursor to a larger tremor, says Schwartz, but the likelihood of that happening stands at only about 5 to 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USGS does not yet know what faults were involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of Nevada's Seismological Laboratory says the series of quakes were felt more than 200 miles away in San Francisco and Las Vegas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mineral County Sheriff's Office hasn't received any reports of injuries or significant damage, but the seismic activity did cause a rockslide in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three earthquakes ranging from magnitude 5.5 to 5.7 struck early Wednesday about 70 miles southeast of Lake Tahoe, and their rumblings were felt across areas of Nevada and California. There were no immediate reports of problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Geological Survey says the moderate temblors were centered in a remote area of Nevada near the California state line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 5.7 quake struck at 12:18 a.m. PST, followed by another 5.7 four minutes later and a 5.5 at 1:13 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A series of smaller aftershocks have also occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mineral County Sheriff's Department in Hawthorne, Nevada, near the epicenter, has not had any reports of injury or damage. The office says the quakes apparently set off burglar alarms at two businesses, and caused a rock slide that did not block a nearby highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Lake Tahoe, the USGS says the quakes were felt in such areas as Carson City, Nevada, and Yosemite National Park and Mammoth Lakes in California, all roughly 60 miles from the epicenter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sonja Hutson contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:30 p.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Geological Survey says the Bay Area could experience more aftershocks from a series of moderate earthquakes centered near Lake Tahoe early Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USGS geologist David Schwartz says the Bay Area could feel aftershocks around magnitude 3 over the next few weeks, adding that the fault lines involved in the quakes are likely pointing toward the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a chance these quakes could be a precursor to a larger tremor, says Schwartz, but the likelihood of that happening stands at only about 5 to 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USGS does not yet know what faults were involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The University of Nevada's Seismological Laboratory says the series of quakes were felt more than 200 miles away in San Francisco and Las Vegas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mineral County Sheriff's Office hasn't received any reports of injuries or significant damage, but the seismic activity did cause a rockslide in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three earthquakes ranging from magnitude 5.5 to 5.7 struck early Wednesday about 70 miles southeast of Lake Tahoe, and their rumblings were felt across areas of Nevada and California. There were no immediate reports of problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Geological Survey says the moderate temblors were centered in a remote area of Nevada near the California state line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 5.7 quake struck at 12:18 a.m. PST, followed by another 5.7 four minutes later and a 5.5 at 1:13 a.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A series of smaller aftershocks have also occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mineral County Sheriff's Department in Hawthorne, Nevada, near the epicenter, has not had any reports of injury or damage. The office says the quakes apparently set off burglar alarms at two businesses, and caused a rock slide that did not block a nearby highway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to Lake Tahoe, the USGS says the quakes were felt in such areas as Carson City, Nevada, and Yosemite National Park and Mammoth Lakes in California, all roughly 60 miles from the epicenter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sonja Hutson contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Shell's Martinez Refinery Sent Close to 20 Tons of Gas to its Flares During Monday Outage",
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"content": "\u003cp>A significant portion of Shell's Martinez refinery lost power on Monday afternoon, leading to a loud flaring operation that sent flames and black smoke into the sky, prompting an hours-long health advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To relieve pressure the facility pushed close to 39,000 pounds of gas, which included hydrogen sulfide, to its flares, the company said in a preliminary report sent to Contra Costa County officials on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As gas was pushed through the refinery's flaring system, nearby residents and first responders could hear it, according to Randy Sawyer, the county's chief environmental health and hazardous materials officer\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was a high pressure system with a lot of gas going through at one time that the whole thing rumbled,\" Sawyer said in an interview. \"People could hear it off-site.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outage began at 1:15pm on Monday, according to Shell. One of the three main electrical substations that feeds power to the refinery \"tripped\", the company's 72-hour report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brief loss of power led to the shut down of several sections of the refinery including a unit that processes light oil and in turn, prompted flaring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The multiple units shutdown caused flaring at the LOP and FXG flares, which resulted in multiple odor complaints from the community,\" wrote Ha Nguyen, the refinery's process safety manager, in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa Cost Health Services issued a health alert an hour after the outage began. The alert was aimed at keeping people with preexisting respiratory conditions away from the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell did not disclose a chemical breakdown of its gas release - that information is expected to come out in a more in-depth report to be released next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would be good to know how much sulfur dioxide was created,\" Sawyer said, noting that when hydrogen sulfide, which smells like rotten eggs, goes through a refinery's flares it burns, producing sulfur dioxide which has a \"burnt matches\" smell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People near the refinery were smelling a strong odor of sulfur dioxide that afternoon, Sawyer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide can harm the human respiratory system and make breathing difficult, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. People who suffer from asthma are particularly sensitive to the effects of the gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its report, though, Shell said it couldn't detect high levels of the chemicals on and near refinery property. Shell's ground level monitors located on the facility's fence-line showed no detection of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide \"above background levels\", the company's report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday the Bay Area Air Quality Management District launched an investigation into the outage and its impacts.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brief loss of power led to the shut down of several sections of the refinery including a unit that processes light oil and in turn, prompted flaring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The multiple units shutdown caused flaring at the LOP and FXG flares, which resulted in multiple odor complaints from the community,\" wrote Ha Nguyen, the refinery's process safety manager, in the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa Cost Health Services issued a health alert an hour after the outage began. The alert was aimed at keeping people with preexisting respiratory conditions away from the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell did not disclose a chemical breakdown of its gas release - that information is expected to come out in a more in-depth report to be released next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would be good to know how much sulfur dioxide was created,\" Sawyer said, noting that when hydrogen sulfide, which smells like rotten eggs, goes through a refinery's flares it burns, producing sulfur dioxide which has a \"burnt matches\" smell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People near the refinery were smelling a strong odor of sulfur dioxide that afternoon, Sawyer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short-term exposure to sulfur dioxide can harm the human respiratory system and make breathing difficult, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. People who suffer from asthma are particularly sensitive to the effects of the gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its report, though, Shell said it couldn't detect high levels of the chemicals on and near refinery property. Shell's ground level monitors located on the facility's fence-line showed no detection of sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide \"above background levels\", the company's report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday the Bay Area Air Quality Management District launched an investigation into the outage and its impacts.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A patch of Santa Monica’s “plumped-up” beach will soon go \u003cem>au naturel\u003c/em> thanks to a restoration makeover — and the reason why is climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over decades, Santa Monica has expended considerable effort to bring 17 million people a year to walk on its golden sands. What most of those visitors don’t know is that the coastal strand is “nourished” – or, in the words of NASA scientist Bill Patzert, “\u003ca href=\"http://www.vanityfair.com/style/2013/08/end-of-malibu-nantucket-erosion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Botoxed\u003c/a>” with added sand. Dredged sand from infrastructure projects and other sources of nourishment has widened the shore to triple what it was a century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why scientists from the nonprofit \u003ca href=\"http://www.santamonicabay.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bay Foundation\u003c/a>, with permission from the city, are testing a way to protect the beach by changing its shape. What makes this project striking is where they’re doing it: on one of the busiest artificial — ahem, enhanced — beaches in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/299159270″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a bright winter’s day, the Bay Foundation’s Rod Abbott runs up the beach, winding up a measuring tape as he goes. He and his colleagues are working within a 3-acre test site north of \u003ca href=\"http://santamonicapier.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Monica Pier\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I need more string. … OK, perfect,” Abbott says. “Uh, 138,” he announces. “139,” answers Karina Johnston, who directs the Bay Foundation’s watershed programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These measurements are part of characterizing the “before,” Johnston says. “We’re looking at how the topography changes across the beach and how the slope changes over time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She walks me around to imagine the “after.” A curvy fence surrounds us on three sides. A sinuous roped path divides it in half. This is where the Bay Foundation will plant native seeds. As plants grow they’ll form root balls, helping sand accrue into low dunes, 1 foot to 3 feet high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The way that it will naturally form over time has the potential to be resilient to sea-level rise, wave erosion, storm events, things like that,” Johnston says. “So what we could be looking at is a beautiful softscape form of protection instead of a jetty or a seawall or some of the more industrial options.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnston hoists a soft bag of seed mix on her shoulder, spinning the seeds out as she walks along the fence. She says her favorite is sand verbena, “which has a beautiful little purple flower.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sand-grooming machines will skip the testing area for the next couple of years. This winter, advocates and volunteers will be watching closely for signs of rain and the first small sprouting plants, though the project isn’t expected to reach maturity for a couple of years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Monica’s beach administrator, Judith Meister, says the project could help protect the tourism industry as well as the shore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, I think we have to factor in the reality of climate change,” Meister says, “so I do think that a lot of different communities are going to be looking at this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other plumped-up beaches around the state might look into reseeding for a different reason: Going natural tends to cost less than maintaining the artificial beach. Santa Monica will be looking at that, too.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
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