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"content": "\u003cp>In what is likely Barack Obama’s final environmental action before Donald Trump moves into the White House, the president has just expanded the existing \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/nlcs_web/sites/ca/st/en/prog/nlcs/California_Coastal_NM.html\">California Coastal National Monument\u003c/a> — adding a mix of lighthouses, rocky outcroppings, stands of redwoods and significant Native American grounds that will be knitted into the existing federal preserve on and off the coast from Humboldt County to Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move was applauded by environmentalists who feel a greater urgency to shore up conservation gains before the Obama administration is ushered out. Given the general anti-environmental tenor in Congress, and the Trump administration’s uncertain and unexpressed view on conservation issues, some groups saw the announcement as important not so much because it afforded the California sites protection from encroaching development, but because those areas would be spared from a questionable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generally, monument designations or other categories of protection aim to shield special places from more imminent threats such as energy exploration, logging or other commercial development. In the case of the California additions, there were few such threats. The fear here was of the unknown — that the desirable coastal land could have eventually been yanked away from federal managers and placed in the hands of those willing to sacrifice its environmental and cultural value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The great thing is that this ensures that these areas remain part of the public lands system,” said Dan Smuts, senior director of the Pacific region for the Wilderness Society. “It precludes the government disposing of these lands. Given that they are small, scattered parcels along the coast, they are supremely valuable, and it’s important that they be kept in the public estate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11268003\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11268003\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"The Cotoni-Coast Dairies site in Santa Cruz County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-800x520.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-1020x662.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-1180x766.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-960x624.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-240x156.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-375x244.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-520x338.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cotoni-Coast Dairies site in Santa Cruz County. \u003ccite>(BLM file photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Western conservatives have been increasingly pressing the federal government to surrender lands it now owns, and the Republican-controlled Congress has taken up the campaign. On the first day back in session earlier this month, the House \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/01/03/house-gop-rules-change-would-make-it-easier-to-sell-off-federal-land/?utm_term=.487b86a8799d\">made it easier to transfer federal land\u003c/a> to states or local entities by overturning a rule requiring a calculation of the value of federal land before such a transfer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A host of legislators in the intermountain West, led by Utah Gov. Gary Herbert, have long been clamoring for U.S. land management agencies to cede control of federal land to states, which bridle at being managed from Washington. The federal government is the West’s biggest landlord, and the idea of wresting control of vast tracts of deserts and forests is an enduring and uniquely Western motif.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Our coast belongs to all Californians, and preserving its scenic beauty and biodiversity is crucial for California’s climate and economic future.’\u003ccite>Sarah Rose, California League of Conservation Voters\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump spent scant time discussing public lands issues, which would understandably be unfamiliar to a lifelong New Yorker. Trump’s home state contains less than 1 percent federal land. By comparison, nearly 48 percent of the land in California is held by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as Trump’s personal conservation views are something of a cipher, activists worry that partisanship in Washington could drown out support for even the most laudable projects. Land conservation has historically been somewhat sheltered from the partisan ideology that surrounds other environmental issues, but an anti-government groundswell has made compromise on federal land protections more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is an ideological opposition to the federal government owning and managing even an acre of land,” Smuts said. “We are clear-eyed that it will be difficult to make conservation gains in this administration and this Congress. But in my time I have seen the pendulum swing from pro-conservation administrations and back. We have been successful in getting important areas protected under Democrats and Republicans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups lined up Thursday to praise Obama, and to cast a wary glance at the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11268006\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11268006\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The Lost Coast Headlands in Humboldt County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Lost Coast Headlands in Humboldt County. \u003ccite>(BLMCalifornia/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Our coast belongs to all Californians and preserving its scenic beauty and biodiversity is crucial for California’s climate and economic future,” said California League of Conservation Voters CEO Sarah Rose in a statement. “With the new presidential administration about to take office, it is crucial we act to make certain our magnificent landscapes and wildlife continue to belong to all of us now, and for generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama’s proclamation not only adds 6,200 acres to the existing monument, it significantly amplifies the protections afforded the new sites, which will be managed by the federal Bureau of Land Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama made the addition by using the Antiquities Act, which allows the president to set aside tracts of federal land or significant places for protection, without the consent of Congress. That 1906 law — which gives the executive authority to bypass Congress — has in recent years enraged some Republicans, who see it as a cudgel and frequently characterize its use as “federal land grabs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike executive orders, which can be undone with the stroke of a presidential pen, monument designations cannot be rescinded by a successor. While some in Washington believe Congress has the right to claw back the decisions, there has not yet been a legal challenge to a presidential monument proclamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”fMnrFkyHLBgA2iSNeGtY10xBBs2EO8tb”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could change under a Trump administration. Among the bills taking aim at the Antiquities Act is one proffered this month by Sen. Lisa Murkowski, a Republican from Alaska. The proposal, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/republican-news?ID=4665A6D3-568B-4537-A504-F43C01BC6FBD\">Improved National Monument Designation Process Act\u003c/a>, would require future national monuments receive approval not only from Congress before designation, but also from the legislature in the state or states affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the other monument designations made Thursday were three historically significant civil rights sites in Alabama and South Carolina, as well as an expansion of the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument in Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation groups in California had long campaigned for adding the sites to the monument, which was first established in 2000 and expanded by Obama in 2014. That cause was championed by Democratic Sen. Barbara Boxer, whose bill to expand the monument stalled before her retirement this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coastal monument is a unique preserve, encompassing rocks and small islands critical for marine species, and historic and cultural sites on beaches and headlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sites added are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Trinidad Head (Humboldt County) — a 60-acre headland reaching into Trinidad Harbor, with a historic lighthouse.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The Lost Coast Headlands (Humboldt County) — a former Navy installation on coastal bluffs that provide plant and wildlife habitat.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Waluplh-Lighthouse Ranch (Humboldt County) — site of a former 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century lighthouse with views of the Eel River Delta, the Pacific and parts of Humboldt Bay.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Cotoni-Coast Dairies (Santa Cruz County) — a former dairy and industrial site that is now habitat for rare animals. The waters are home to whales and other marine mammals.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Piedras Blancas (San Luis Obispo County) — a historic lighthouse and an area with cultural significance to the Chumash and Salinan tribes.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Rocks and islands (Orange County) — formations that provide roosting habitat for sea birds and “haul-out” or resting areas for seals and sea lions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The first land-based expansion of the California Coastal National Monument came in 2014, when Obama included what came to be called \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/nlcs_web/sites/style/medialib/blm/ca/nlcs/California_Coastal_NM/docs.Par.93458.File.dat/Proclamation%209089.pdf\">Point Arena-Stornetta Public Lands\u003c/a>, about 1,665 acres north of the town of Point Arena in Mendocino County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit media venture explaining California’s policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In what is likely Barack Obama’s final environmental action before Donald Trump moves into the White House, the president has just expanded the existing \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/nlcs_web/sites/ca/st/en/prog/nlcs/California_Coastal_NM.html\">California Coastal National Monument\u003c/a> — adding a mix of lighthouses, rocky outcroppings, stands of redwoods and significant Native American grounds that will be knitted into the existing federal preserve on and off the coast from Humboldt County to Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move was applauded by environmentalists who feel a greater urgency to shore up conservation gains before the Obama administration is ushered out. Given the general anti-environmental tenor in Congress, and the Trump administration’s uncertain and unexpressed view on conservation issues, some groups saw the announcement as important not so much because it afforded the California sites protection from encroaching development, but because those areas would be spared from a questionable future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Generally, monument designations or other categories of protection aim to shield special places from more imminent threats such as energy exploration, logging or other commercial development. In the case of the California additions, there were few such threats. The fear here was of the unknown — that the desirable coastal land could have eventually been yanked away from federal managers and placed in the hands of those willing to sacrifice its environmental and cultural value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The great thing is that this ensures that these areas remain part of the public lands system,” said Dan Smuts, senior director of the Pacific region for the Wilderness Society. “It precludes the government disposing of these lands. Given that they are small, scattered parcels along the coast, they are supremely valuable, and it’s important that they be kept in the public estate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11268003\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11268003\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-800x520.jpg\" alt=\"The Cotoni-Coast Dairies site in Santa Cruz County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"520\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-800x520.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-1020x662.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-1180x766.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-960x624.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-240x156.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-375x244.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/CoastDairies-520x338.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Cotoni-Coast Dairies site in Santa Cruz County. \u003ccite>(BLM file photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Western conservatives have been increasingly pressing the federal government to surrender lands it now owns, and the Republican-controlled Congress has taken up the campaign. On the first day back in session earlier this month, the House \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/01/03/house-gop-rules-change-would-make-it-easier-to-sell-off-federal-land/?utm_term=.487b86a8799d\">made it easier to transfer federal land\u003c/a> to states or local entities by overturning a rule requiring a calculation of the value of federal land before such a transfer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A host of legislators in the intermountain West, led by Utah Gov. Gary Herbert, have long been clamoring for U.S. land management agencies to cede control of federal land to states, which bridle at being managed from Washington. The federal government is the West’s biggest landlord, and the idea of wresting control of vast tracts of deserts and forests is an enduring and uniquely Western motif.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Our coast belongs to all Californians, and preserving its scenic beauty and biodiversity is crucial for California’s climate and economic future.’\u003ccite>Sarah Rose, California League of Conservation Voters\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As a candidate, Trump spent scant time discussing public lands issues, which would understandably be unfamiliar to a lifelong New Yorker. Trump’s home state contains less than 1 percent federal land. By comparison, nearly 48 percent of the land in California is held by the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as Trump’s personal conservation views are something of a cipher, activists worry that partisanship in Washington could drown out support for even the most laudable projects. Land conservation has historically been somewhat sheltered from the partisan ideology that surrounds other environmental issues, but an anti-government groundswell has made compromise on federal land protections more difficult.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is an ideological opposition to the federal government owning and managing even an acre of land,” Smuts said. “We are clear-eyed that it will be difficult to make conservation gains in this administration and this Congress. But in my time I have seen the pendulum swing from pro-conservation administrations and back. We have been successful in getting important areas protected under Democrats and Republicans.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groups lined up Thursday to praise Obama, and to cast a wary glance at the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11268006\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11268006\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The Lost Coast Headlands in Humboldt County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/LostCoastHeadlands-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Lost Coast Headlands in Humboldt County. \u003ccite>(BLMCalifornia/Flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Our coast belongs to all Californians and preserving its scenic beauty and biodiversity is crucial for California’s climate and economic future,” said California League of Conservation Voters CEO Sarah Rose in a statement. “With the new presidential administration about to take office, it is crucial we act to make certain our magnificent landscapes and wildlife continue to belong to all of us now, and for generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama’s proclamation not only adds 6,200 acres to the existing monument, it significantly amplifies the protections afforded the new sites, which will be managed by the federal Bureau of Land Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama made the addition by using the Antiquities Act, which allows the president to set aside tracts of federal land or significant places for protection, without the consent of Congress. That 1906 law — which gives the executive authority to bypass Congress — has in recent years enraged some Republicans, who see it as a cudgel and frequently characterize its use as “federal land grabs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike executive orders, which can be undone with the stroke of a presidential pen, monument designations cannot be rescinded by a successor. While some in Washington believe Congress has the right to claw back the decisions, there has not yet been a legal challenge to a presidential monument proclamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could change under a Trump administration. Among the bills taking aim at the Antiquities Act is one proffered this month by Sen. Lisa Murkowski, a Republican from Alaska. The proposal, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/republican-news?ID=4665A6D3-568B-4537-A504-F43C01BC6FBD\">Improved National Monument Designation Process Act\u003c/a>, would require future national monuments receive approval not only from Congress before designation, but also from the legislature in the state or states affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the other monument designations made Thursday were three historically significant civil rights sites in Alabama and South Carolina, as well as an expansion of the Cascade-Siskiyou National Monument in Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservation groups in California had long campaigned for adding the sites to the monument, which was first established in 2000 and expanded by Obama in 2014. That cause was championed by Democratic Sen. Barbara Boxer, whose bill to expand the monument stalled before her retirement this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coastal monument is a unique preserve, encompassing rocks and small islands critical for marine species, and historic and cultural sites on beaches and headlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sites added are:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Trinidad Head (Humboldt County) — a 60-acre headland reaching into Trinidad Harbor, with a historic lighthouse.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>The Lost Coast Headlands (Humboldt County) — a former Navy installation on coastal bluffs that provide plant and wildlife habitat.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Waluplh-Lighthouse Ranch (Humboldt County) — site of a former 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> century lighthouse with views of the Eel River Delta, the Pacific and parts of Humboldt Bay.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Cotoni-Coast Dairies (Santa Cruz County) — a former dairy and industrial site that is now habitat for rare animals. The waters are home to whales and other marine mammals.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Piedras Blancas (San Luis Obispo County) — a historic lighthouse and an area with cultural significance to the Chumash and Salinan tribes.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Rocks and islands (Orange County) — formations that provide roosting habitat for sea birds and “haul-out” or resting areas for seals and sea lions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The first land-based expansion of the California Coastal National Monument came in 2014, when Obama included what came to be called \u003ca href=\"https://www.blm.gov/nlcs_web/sites/style/medialib/blm/ca/nlcs/California_Coastal_NM/docs.Par.93458.File.dat/Proclamation%209089.pdf\">Point Arena-Stornetta Public Lands\u003c/a>, about 1,665 acres north of the town of Point Arena in Mendocino County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit media venture explaining California’s policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Bay Area Refinery Malfunctions Lead to Jump in Gasoline Prices",
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"content": "\u003cp>The price of gasoline in the Bay Area increased over the last month because of problems at the East Bay's Chevron, Shell and Phillips 66 refineries, according to a new gas survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average price of a gallon of regular unleaded gas in California is $2.81, said AAA. That's up 15 cents from a month ago. In San Francisco it's $2.94, and in San Jose and Oakland it's $2.82.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization's Fuel Gauge Report says many of California's refineries have experienced \"degrees of challenges,\" which have led to the price spike. Those challenges include flaring incidents at Chevron's Richmond refinery, the Phillips 66 facility in Rodeo and Shell's Martinez plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are an island unto ourselves as far as gas is concerned,\" AAA spokeswoman Cynthia Harris said of California's gas market. \"If there is any kind of interruption, temporary as it may be, it does affect the price of gas because there's speculation that there ... might be a reduction in the supply.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The price hike highlights concerns among energy regulators and consumer advocates that California's gas market is too volatile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The association did not specify which flaring incidents at local refineries directly led to gas price hikes. And representatives for the three oil companies and an industry group that represents them would not say what kind of impact the refinery problems had on operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the gas price report comes as local air regulators and Contra Costa County authorities have been investigating whether two malfunctions followed by flaring at Chevron late last month led to the release of abnormally \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/06/mysterious-s-f-odors-preceded-by-high-levels-of-toxic-gas-in-richmond/\" target=\"_blank\">high levels of hydrogen sulfide and a sulfurlike odor reported by dozens of San Franciscans\u003c/a> shortly afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"pZdUwxGlwKD6Wg6KNZGDNmOJavhYRnWx\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron would not confirm, though, that those incidents impacted its operations. \"The Richmond refinery has continued to supply its customers over the past month,\" said Braden Reddall, a company spokesman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in late December, a part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbaytimes.com/2016/12/28/rodeo-part-of-refinery-shut-down-following-incident/\" target=\"_blank\">Phillips 66 refinery in Rodeo was shut down\u003c/a>. County health officials said a problem at a plant that supplies hydrogen to the refinery caused several processing units to come to a halt. A Phillips 66 spokesman did not return a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week earlier a large portion of Shell's Martinez refinery lost power, leading to a loud flaring operation that sent flames and black smoke into the sky, and prompting an hours-long health advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report by that oil company revealed that the facility -- in order to relieve pressure -- pushed close to 39,000 pounds of gas, which included hydrogen sulfide, to its flares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell spokesman Ray Fisher described that incident and another flaring operation earlier in December as minor, and did not answer questions about whether they affected work at the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of the industry group that represents oil companies in the area says the increase in the cost of gas is tied to issues particular to California's gas market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Recent changes in gasoline prices, while concerning for consumers, are consistent with the increased volatility that has been part of California fuel markets for the past several years,\" said Cathy Reheis-Boyd, president of the Western States Petroleum Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's high taxes and environmental regulations, as well as its unique fuel blends and isolation from other markets, make the price at the pump here more volatile, according to Reheis-Boyd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Gasoline prices are determined by market conditions, which are unpredictable and constantly changing,\" she said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's market doesn't have to be so vulnerable, according to consumer advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's part of a system that we are used to, but we shouldn't be,\" said Cody Rosenfield, a researcher at Consumer Watchdog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small group of companies have a large amount of control over the gas market in California, according to Rosenfield, and when there's a small refinery problem, pump prices go up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It causes a panic on the market, and the price just skyrockets, Rosenfield said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If just one refinery has a major problem, the wholesale price of gasoline can go up quickly, according to Severin Borenstein, a professor at UC Berkeley's Haas School of Business and a researcher at the school's Energy Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just the possibility of a change in price can rattle middlemen who buy gas from refineries and sell it to independent gas stations. Fearing a tighter market, those wholesale buyers quickly purchase a lot of gasoline so they don't get caught paying more later. That, in turn, causes the retail gas price to increase days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The wholesale market is going to respond to any information that suggests there might be a disruption in the future,\" said Borenstein, who also chairs the California Energy Commission's Petroleum Market Advisory Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is an ongoing concern about the fact that this market is so tight that even one refinery problem can cause the price to move quite a bit,\" Borenstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is segmented away from the rest of the nation's gasoline market because it uses a special blend that's cleaner-burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a bigger supply problem whenever we see a hiccup like this,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The price of gasoline in the Bay Area increased over the last month because of problems at the East Bay's Chevron, Shell and Phillips 66 refineries, according to a new gas survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average price of a gallon of regular unleaded gas in California is $2.81, said AAA. That's up 15 cents from a month ago. In San Francisco it's $2.94, and in San Jose and Oakland it's $2.82.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organization's Fuel Gauge Report says many of California's refineries have experienced \"degrees of challenges,\" which have led to the price spike. Those challenges include flaring incidents at Chevron's Richmond refinery, the Phillips 66 facility in Rodeo and Shell's Martinez plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are an island unto ourselves as far as gas is concerned,\" AAA spokeswoman Cynthia Harris said of California's gas market. \"If there is any kind of interruption, temporary as it may be, it does affect the price of gas because there's speculation that there ... might be a reduction in the supply.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The price hike highlights concerns among energy regulators and consumer advocates that California's gas market is too volatile.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The association did not specify which flaring incidents at local refineries directly led to gas price hikes. And representatives for the three oil companies and an industry group that represents them would not say what kind of impact the refinery problems had on operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the gas price report comes as local air regulators and Contra Costa County authorities have been investigating whether two malfunctions followed by flaring at Chevron late last month led to the release of abnormally \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/06/mysterious-s-f-odors-preceded-by-high-levels-of-toxic-gas-in-richmond/\" target=\"_blank\">high levels of hydrogen sulfide and a sulfurlike odor reported by dozens of San Franciscans\u003c/a> shortly afterward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron would not confirm, though, that those incidents impacted its operations. \"The Richmond refinery has continued to supply its customers over the past month,\" said Braden Reddall, a company spokesman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in late December, a part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbaytimes.com/2016/12/28/rodeo-part-of-refinery-shut-down-following-incident/\" target=\"_blank\">Phillips 66 refinery in Rodeo was shut down\u003c/a>. County health officials said a problem at a plant that supplies hydrogen to the refinery caused several processing units to come to a halt. A Phillips 66 spokesman did not return a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A week earlier a large portion of Shell's Martinez refinery lost power, leading to a loud flaring operation that sent flames and black smoke into the sky, and prompting an hours-long health advisory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report by that oil company revealed that the facility -- in order to relieve pressure -- pushed close to 39,000 pounds of gas, which included hydrogen sulfide, to its flares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shell spokesman Ray Fisher described that incident and another flaring operation earlier in December as minor, and did not answer questions about whether they affected work at the refinery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of the industry group that represents oil companies in the area says the increase in the cost of gas is tied to issues particular to California's gas market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Recent changes in gasoline prices, while concerning for consumers, are consistent with the increased volatility that has been part of California fuel markets for the past several years,\" said Cathy Reheis-Boyd, president of the Western States Petroleum Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's high taxes and environmental regulations, as well as its unique fuel blends and isolation from other markets, make the price at the pump here more volatile, according to Reheis-Boyd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Gasoline prices are determined by market conditions, which are unpredictable and constantly changing,\" she said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's market doesn't have to be so vulnerable, according to consumer advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's part of a system that we are used to, but we shouldn't be,\" said Cody Rosenfield, a researcher at Consumer Watchdog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A small group of companies have a large amount of control over the gas market in California, according to Rosenfield, and when there's a small refinery problem, pump prices go up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It causes a panic on the market, and the price just skyrockets, Rosenfield said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If just one refinery has a major problem, the wholesale price of gasoline can go up quickly, according to Severin Borenstein, a professor at UC Berkeley's Haas School of Business and a researcher at the school's Energy Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just the possibility of a change in price can rattle middlemen who buy gas from refineries and sell it to independent gas stations. Fearing a tighter market, those wholesale buyers quickly purchase a lot of gasoline so they don't get caught paying more later. That, in turn, causes the retail gas price to increase days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The wholesale market is going to respond to any information that suggests there might be a disruption in the future,\" said Borenstein, who also chairs the California Energy Commission's Petroleum Market Advisory Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is an ongoing concern about the fact that this market is so tight that even one refinery problem can cause the price to move quite a bit,\" Borenstein said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is segmented away from the rest of the nation's gasoline market because it uses a special blend that's cleaner-burning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a bigger supply problem whenever we see a hiccup like this,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>To paraphrase an old expression, this might not be the end of the drought, but you can see it from here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">U.S. Drought Monitor’s weekly analysis\u003c/a>, released on Thursday, shows 58 percent of California in at least moderate drought, compared to 97 percent one year ago. Only 2 percent of the state remains in the most extreme category, “exceptional drought,” down from nearly 43 percent a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week some of California’s most respected voices in climate science and water supply started edging toward calling an end to the most punishing drought in memory, now in its sixth year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This series of storms — and when you look out it looks like we’re going to get even more wet — is a surface storage drought buster,” says Jeff Mount, co-founder of the Center for Watershed Sciences at UC Davis, now a senior fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a mid-week \u003ca href=\"https://californiawaterblog.com/2017/01/10/tails-of-californias-drought/\">post from the Center\u003c/a>, Mount’s former colleague, Jay Lund, largely agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In terms of surface water, most of California is no longer in drought,” wrote Lund. “Unless the remainder of the year is incredibly dry and warm, 2017 will not be a drought for surface water, with perhaps a few local exceptions.” (Lund held out Santa Barbara as one of those exceptions, a city that still “faces major urban drought.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s two largest reservoirs — Shasta and Oroville — are 26 percent and 17 percent above their average levels for mid-January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than a month ago, hydrologists were fretting over a “snow drought” in the Sierra Nevada. But after a series of blizzards fed by atmospheric rivers off the Pacific, the statewide snowpack now stands at 58 percent above “normal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that both Mount and Lunds qualify their declarations by talking about “surface” water, which is to say the rapidly rising — in some cases overflowing — levels in most of the state’s reservoirs, even in long-parched Southern California. Those surface reservoirs (the ones you can actually see the water in) typically supply about two-thirds of the water that Californians use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1317439\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1317439 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219.jpg\" alt=\"Flooded vineyards along Hwy 29 in the Napa Valley. Standing water like this will slowly sink in, helping to recharge groundwater aquifers.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flooded vineyards along Hwy 29 on January 8 in the Napa Valley. Standing water like this will slowly sink in, helping to recharge groundwater aquifers — but it’s a slow process. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In drought years, however, farms and many cities turn to pumping groundwater for relief, and there’s the rub. Mount says water consumers have been drawing down the state’s strained aquifers by about 2 million acre-feet per year, “come wet, come dry.” (That’s nearly a quarter of total urban water use in California). In recent years, the lack of surface water supplies have only accelerated that pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing historically that can compare to this,” says Mount, “and it will take many years — many, many years of wet or at least above-average precipitation to fill that gap and fill that hole in the ground that we left when we pumped so hard on our aquifers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount’s full analysis is laid out in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/blog_detail.asp?i=2199&utm_source=The+PPIC+Blog&utm_campaign=cf4ff17e2b-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_Water&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1d97666088-cf4ff17e2b-218172481\">post for the PPIC blog\u003c/a> that published on Tuesday, as Northern California was getting hammered by rain and snow.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>To paraphrase an old expression, this might not be the end of the drought, but you can see it from here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/Home/StateDroughtMonitor.aspx?CA\">U.S. Drought Monitor’s weekly analysis\u003c/a>, released on Thursday, shows 58 percent of California in at least moderate drought, compared to 97 percent one year ago. Only 2 percent of the state remains in the most extreme category, “exceptional drought,” down from nearly 43 percent a year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week some of California’s most respected voices in climate science and water supply started edging toward calling an end to the most punishing drought in memory, now in its sixth year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This series of storms — and when you look out it looks like we’re going to get even more wet — is a surface storage drought buster,” says Jeff Mount, co-founder of the Center for Watershed Sciences at UC Davis, now a senior fellow at the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a mid-week \u003ca href=\"https://californiawaterblog.com/2017/01/10/tails-of-californias-drought/\">post from the Center\u003c/a>, Mount’s former colleague, Jay Lund, largely agreed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In terms of surface water, most of California is no longer in drought,” wrote Lund. “Unless the remainder of the year is incredibly dry and warm, 2017 will not be a drought for surface water, with perhaps a few local exceptions.” (Lund held out Santa Barbara as one of those exceptions, a city that still “faces major urban drought.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s two largest reservoirs — Shasta and Oroville — are 26 percent and 17 percent above their average levels for mid-January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less than a month ago, hydrologists were fretting over a “snow drought” in the Sierra Nevada. But after a series of blizzards fed by atmospheric rivers off the Pacific, the statewide snowpack now stands at 58 percent above “normal.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Note that both Mount and Lunds qualify their declarations by talking about “surface” water, which is to say the rapidly rising — in some cases overflowing — levels in most of the state’s reservoirs, even in long-parched Southern California. Those surface reservoirs (the ones you can actually see the water in) typically supply about two-thirds of the water that Californians use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1317439\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1317439 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219.jpg\" alt=\"Flooded vineyards along Hwy 29 in the Napa Valley. Standing water like this will slowly sink in, helping to recharge groundwater aquifers.\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1500\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/P1080219-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flooded vineyards along Hwy 29 on January 8 in the Napa Valley. Standing water like this will slowly sink in, helping to recharge groundwater aquifers — but it’s a slow process. \u003ccite>(Craig Miller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In drought years, however, farms and many cities turn to pumping groundwater for relief, and there’s the rub. Mount says water consumers have been drawing down the state’s strained aquifers by about 2 million acre-feet per year, “come wet, come dry.” (That’s nearly a quarter of total urban water use in California). In recent years, the lack of surface water supplies have only accelerated that pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s nothing historically that can compare to this,” says Mount, “and it will take many years — many, many years of wet or at least above-average precipitation to fill that gap and fill that hole in the ground that we left when we pumped so hard on our aquifers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mount’s full analysis is laid out in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/blog_detail.asp?i=2199&utm_source=The+PPIC+Blog&utm_campaign=cf4ff17e2b-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_Water&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_1d97666088-cf4ff17e2b-218172481\">post for the PPIC blog\u003c/a> that published on Tuesday, as Northern California was getting hammered by rain and snow.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Another day, another relentless rainy torrent. Our third major storm of 2017 is dumping heavy rain across most of the Bay Area, with the heaviest precipitation expected late this afternoon through the evening hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The major concern in the region is flooding, and much of the attention is focused in \u003ca id=\"rssmi_more\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/10/bay-area-storm-update-2/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Read More …\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Source:: \u003ca title=\"Tuesday Storm Update: Widespread North Bay Flooding, More Heavy Rain Coming\" href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/10/bay-area-storm-update-2/\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Newsfix – Science\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Many people have been saddened by the loss of the historic Pioneer Cabin Tree in Calaveras Big Trees State Park due to the storm pummeling California this week. Many had driven their car through the tunnel at the base of the tree, one of the state’s oldest tourist attractions and a specimen of a rare native species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re one of the people who did that, and you have a photo of it, please share it with us using #PioneerCabinTree on your preferred social channel — or in the comments — and we’ll post it to the Storify below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[storifyTestMirandatree]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"headline": "Did You Drive Your Car Through Pioneer Cabin Tree? Share Your Photos",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Many people have been saddened by the loss of the historic Pioneer Cabin Tree in Calaveras Big Trees State Park due to the storm pummeling California this week. Many had driven their car through the tunnel at the base of the tree, one of the state’s oldest tourist attractions and a specimen of a rare native species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re one of the people who did that, and you have a photo of it, please share it with us using #PioneerCabinTree on your preferred social channel — or in the comments — and we’ll post it to the Storify below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[storifyTestMirandatree]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The head of the city department that drafts many of San Francisco’s greenest rules and regulations uses one word to explain her greatest fear for the environment during Trump’s presidency: “preemption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If some of the deepest concerns of climate-focused bureaucrats from San Francisco to Massachusetts and New York come true, the Trump administration will preemptively prevent them from acting to slow global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">California’s decision to hire Obama’s attorney general, Eric Holder Jr., showed it’s preparing to fight for state rights in court.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>With Trump and Republicans in Congress widely expected to unite to undermine federal environmental protections, progressive states and cities are making plans to fight global warming within their borders without being helped or required to do so by the U.S. government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Preemption is probably the progressive cities’ worst nightmare,” said \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.org/article/mayor-lee-appoints-deborah-raphael-sf-environment-director\">Deborah Raphael\u003c/a>, director of San Francisco’s environment department, which has helped city lawmakers craft rules mandating everything from greener buildings to composting and recycling by residents. “It’s also the state of California’s worst nightmare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The term “preemption” doesn’t describe a single legislative or regulatory tool. The word describes a concept, in which the federal government or a state imposes restrictions on the rules and programs that governments operating beneath it are allowed to implement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservative lawmakers in North Carolina used a preemption law last year to \u003ca href=\"http://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/politics-government/article68401147.html\">outlaw transgender protections\u003c/a> in Charlotte. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/12/30/yes-this-is-real-michigan-just-banned-banning-plastic-bags/?utm_term=.e33f91ad9733\">Michigan, cities and counties\u003c/a> were barred from banning plastic bags. Colorado \u003ca href=\"http://www.denverpost.com/2016/05/02/colorado-supreme-court-rules-state-law-trumps-local-bans-on-fracking/\">prevents local governments\u003c/a> from banning fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Republicans about to control both houses of Congress and the White House, environmental experts are warning of battles ahead over potential federal preemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There really is virtually no aspect of federal regulation of the natural environment or health that’s not at risk of preemption now,” said \u003ca href=\"http://grassrootschange.net/mark-pertschuk/\">Mark Pertschuk\u003c/a>, a lawyer and activist with the nonprofit Grassroots Change, which \u003ca href=\"http://grassrootschange.net/preemption-map/\">tracks state preemptions\u003c/a> of local rules affecting gun safety, paid sick days, factory farming and other issues. “Federal laws almost always trump state and local laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s difficult to predict when, how or whether the federal government will wield any tools of preemption to bar cities and states from enforcing their own environmental rules. Nonetheless, governments across the country are bracing for new restrictions. California’s decision to hire Obama’s attorney general, Eric Holder Jr., showed \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/04/us/california-eric-holder-donald-trump.html?_r=0\">it’s preparing to fight\u003c/a> for state rights in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything is speculative right now,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlc.org/find-city-solutions/city-solutions-and-applied-research/staff-specialties\">Cooper Martin\u003c/a>, a sustainability official at the National League of Cities, which represents cities in state capitols and on Capitol Hill. Based on Trump’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/trump-cabinet-climate-change-20920\">anti-environmental cabinet nominees\u003c/a> and his rhetoric on climate change, which he has falsely called a hoax, Martin said fears of federal preemption are “certainly well founded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just the nature of the political landscape that this hasn’t been an issue on climate, at least in the last eight years,” Martin said, referring to the length of Obama’s presidency. “It was certainly an issue prior to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clean car rules in California, which are unpopular with oil companies and auto manufacturers, offer what may be the clearest opportunity for federal preemption. Other rules that could be blocked relate to appliance efficiency standards, power plant pollution, fossil fuel exports and safe disposal of pharmaceuticals. Local governments that have spent federal transportation funds on cycling and transit initiatives could be prevented from doing so in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Programs that allow cities to invest in bike and pedestrian infrastructure, or that allow cities to invest in transit, have all become more popular, particularly in the larger cities,” Martin said. “We want to make sure that there’s flexibility for the cities that do choose to go down this path.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Air Act allows California to enforce stricter standards on car pollution than the federal government. It also allows other states to adopt California’s rules. But to do so, California needs a waiver from the EPA. When George W. Bush was president, the EPA refused to issue such a waiver, which was eventually granted after Obama became president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s nominee to lead the EPA, Oklahoma Attorney General Scott Pruitt, has \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/trump-picks-strident-foe-of-epa-20949\">repeatedly sued the agency\u003c/a>, arguing that federal pollution rules violate state rights. Now he might lead a charge to limit the rights of states to enforce their own pollution rules to slow climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1312191\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1312191\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Scott-Pruitt.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Pruitt, Trump's nominee to lead the EPA. \" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Scott-Pruitt.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Scott-Pruitt-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Scott-Pruitt-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Scott-Pruitt-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Scott-Pruitt-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Pruitt, Trump’s nominee to lead the EPA. \u003ccite>(Gage Skidmore/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Within days of Trump’s election, the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers \u003ca href=\"http://www.autonews.com/assets/PDF/CA1078111110.PDF\">sent the president-elect a letter\u003c/a> arguing that the “regulatory friction” caused by two sets of car pollution standards is “driving up vehicle costs.” The automakers implored Trump to eliminate California’s far-reaching clean car rules through what they call “harmonization” with federal regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could see the U.S. EPA refuse to grant future waivers; there’s even been some talk that they could try to strip away existing waivers,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.ccair.org/our-people/\">Bill Magavern\u003c/a>, the policy director at the Coalition for Clean Air, a California nonprofit. “It’s safe to say California would sue in either instance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/directory/michael-wara/\">Michael Wara\u003c/a>, an energy and environment expert at Stanford Law School, said the federal government could go further than car standards and try to revoke the rights of states to limit heat-trapping carbon dioxide pollution billowed by power plants. It could also jeopardize “anything that smells like foreign policy” by states, Wara said, including linkages between a carbon pricing system operated jointly by California and Quebec.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything that looks and feels like a treaty — that creates binding obligations on both sides — is going to face increased judicial scrutiny,” Wara said. “Here, if there is any conflict, the state loses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all talk of federal preemption is hypothetical. Rep. Michael Burgess, a Republican from Texas, \u003ca href=\"http://www.eenews.net/assets/2017/01/05/document_gw_14.pdf\">introduced a bill last week\u003c/a> that would repeal federal efficiency standards affecting washing machines, dryers, ceiling fans, fridges and other appliances. It would also prevent states from adopting any product standards governing “energy conservation or water efficiency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Heritage Foundation, an influential conservative think tank, supports Burgess’s anti-regulatory drive on appliances, but it’s worried that his bill would curtail state rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t believe the federal government should mandate energy conservation,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.heritage.org/about/staff/l/nicolas-loris\">Nicolas Loris\u003c/a>, a Heritage Foundation energy and environmental policy fellow who has analyzed Burgess’s bill. “But we don’t think the federal government should prohibit the states from doing so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Climate Central\u003c/span>\u003c/a> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">is an independent organization that researches and reports on climate change.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The head of the city department that drafts many of San Francisco’s greenest rules and regulations uses one word to explain her greatest fear for the environment during Trump’s presidency: “preemption.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If some of the deepest concerns of climate-focused bureaucrats from San Francisco to Massachusetts and New York come true, the Trump administration will preemptively prevent them from acting to slow global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">California’s decision to hire Obama’s attorney general, Eric Holder Jr., showed it’s preparing to fight for state rights in court.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>With Trump and Republicans in Congress widely expected to unite to undermine federal environmental protections, progressive states and cities are making plans to fight global warming within their borders without being helped or required to do so by the U.S. government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Preemption is probably the progressive cities’ worst nightmare,” said \u003ca href=\"http://sfmayor.org/article/mayor-lee-appoints-deborah-raphael-sf-environment-director\">Deborah Raphael\u003c/a>, director of San Francisco’s environment department, which has helped city lawmakers craft rules mandating everything from greener buildings to composting and recycling by residents. “It’s also the state of California’s worst nightmare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The term “preemption” doesn’t describe a single legislative or regulatory tool. The word describes a concept, in which the federal government or a state imposes restrictions on the rules and programs that governments operating beneath it are allowed to implement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conservative lawmakers in North Carolina used a preemption law last year to \u003ca href=\"http://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/politics-government/article68401147.html\">outlaw transgender protections\u003c/a> in Charlotte. In \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2016/12/30/yes-this-is-real-michigan-just-banned-banning-plastic-bags/?utm_term=.e33f91ad9733\">Michigan, cities and counties\u003c/a> were barred from banning plastic bags. Colorado \u003ca href=\"http://www.denverpost.com/2016/05/02/colorado-supreme-court-rules-state-law-trumps-local-bans-on-fracking/\">prevents local governments\u003c/a> from banning fracking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Republicans about to control both houses of Congress and the White House, environmental experts are warning of battles ahead over potential federal preemptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There really is virtually no aspect of federal regulation of the natural environment or health that’s not at risk of preemption now,” said \u003ca href=\"http://grassrootschange.net/mark-pertschuk/\">Mark Pertschuk\u003c/a>, a lawyer and activist with the nonprofit Grassroots Change, which \u003ca href=\"http://grassrootschange.net/preemption-map/\">tracks state preemptions\u003c/a> of local rules affecting gun safety, paid sick days, factory farming and other issues. “Federal laws almost always trump state and local laws.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s difficult to predict when, how or whether the federal government will wield any tools of preemption to bar cities and states from enforcing their own environmental rules. Nonetheless, governments across the country are bracing for new restrictions. California’s decision to hire Obama’s attorney general, Eric Holder Jr., showed \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/04/us/california-eric-holder-donald-trump.html?_r=0\">it’s preparing to fight\u003c/a> for state rights in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everything is speculative right now,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.nlc.org/find-city-solutions/city-solutions-and-applied-research/staff-specialties\">Cooper Martin\u003c/a>, a sustainability official at the National League of Cities, which represents cities in state capitols and on Capitol Hill. Based on Trump’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/trump-cabinet-climate-change-20920\">anti-environmental cabinet nominees\u003c/a> and his rhetoric on climate change, which he has falsely called a hoax, Martin said fears of federal preemption are “certainly well founded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just the nature of the political landscape that this hasn’t been an issue on climate, at least in the last eight years,” Martin said, referring to the length of Obama’s presidency. “It was certainly an issue prior to that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clean car rules in California, which are unpopular with oil companies and auto manufacturers, offer what may be the clearest opportunity for federal preemption. Other rules that could be blocked relate to appliance efficiency standards, power plant pollution, fossil fuel exports and safe disposal of pharmaceuticals. Local governments that have spent federal transportation funds on cycling and transit initiatives could be prevented from doing so in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Programs that allow cities to invest in bike and pedestrian infrastructure, or that allow cities to invest in transit, have all become more popular, particularly in the larger cities,” Martin said. “We want to make sure that there’s flexibility for the cities that do choose to go down this path.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Air Act allows California to enforce stricter standards on car pollution than the federal government. It also allows other states to adopt California’s rules. But to do so, California needs a waiver from the EPA. When George W. Bush was president, the EPA refused to issue such a waiver, which was eventually granted after Obama became president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s nominee to lead the EPA, Oklahoma Attorney General Scott Pruitt, has \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/trump-picks-strident-foe-of-epa-20949\">repeatedly sued the agency\u003c/a>, arguing that federal pollution rules violate state rights. Now he might lead a charge to limit the rights of states to enforce their own pollution rules to slow climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1312191\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1312191\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Scott-Pruitt.jpg\" alt=\"Scott Pruitt, Trump's nominee to lead the EPA. \" width=\"720\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Scott-Pruitt.jpg 720w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Scott-Pruitt-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Scott-Pruitt-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Scott-Pruitt-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/Scott-Pruitt-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scott Pruitt, Trump’s nominee to lead the EPA. \u003ccite>(Gage Skidmore/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Within days of Trump’s election, the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers \u003ca href=\"http://www.autonews.com/assets/PDF/CA1078111110.PDF\">sent the president-elect a letter\u003c/a> arguing that the “regulatory friction” caused by two sets of car pollution standards is “driving up vehicle costs.” The automakers implored Trump to eliminate California’s far-reaching clean car rules through what they call “harmonization” with federal regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We could see the U.S. EPA refuse to grant future waivers; there’s even been some talk that they could try to strip away existing waivers,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.ccair.org/our-people/\">Bill Magavern\u003c/a>, the policy director at the Coalition for Clean Air, a California nonprofit. “It’s safe to say California would sue in either instance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/directory/michael-wara/\">Michael Wara\u003c/a>, an energy and environment expert at Stanford Law School, said the federal government could go further than car standards and try to revoke the rights of states to limit heat-trapping carbon dioxide pollution billowed by power plants. It could also jeopardize “anything that smells like foreign policy” by states, Wara said, including linkages between a carbon pricing system operated jointly by California and Quebec.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anything that looks and feels like a treaty — that creates binding obligations on both sides — is going to face increased judicial scrutiny,” Wara said. “Here, if there is any conflict, the state loses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all talk of federal preemption is hypothetical. Rep. Michael Burgess, a Republican from Texas, \u003ca href=\"http://www.eenews.net/assets/2017/01/05/document_gw_14.pdf\">introduced a bill last week\u003c/a> that would repeal federal efficiency standards affecting washing machines, dryers, ceiling fans, fridges and other appliances. It would also prevent states from adopting any product standards governing “energy conservation or water efficiency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Heritage Foundation, an influential conservative think tank, supports Burgess’s anti-regulatory drive on appliances, but it’s worried that his bill would curtail state rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t believe the federal government should mandate energy conservation,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.heritage.org/about/staff/l/nicolas-loris\">Nicolas Loris\u003c/a>, a Heritage Foundation energy and environmental policy fellow who has analyzed Burgess’s bill. “But we don’t think the federal government should prohibit the states from doing so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco Supervisor Mark Farrell wants to haul executives from the Chevron oil company to City Hall to explain why two malfunctions at their Richmond refinery may have sent toxic gas to San Francisco twice late last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prompted by \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/06/mysterious-s-f-odors-preceded-by-high-levels-of-toxic-gas-in-richmond/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED's reporting\u003c/a>, Farrell on Tuesday plans to call for a hearing into the series of refinery problems in Richmond that apparently sent large amounts of hydrogen sulfide into the air hours before dozens of residents on the other side of San Francisco Bay complained of a sulfurlike smell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For two consecutive nights, a strange rotten-egg smell lingered in the air in San Francisco,\" Farrell said. \"Chevron must answer for their actions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with Chevron, Farrell wants air district officials and air quality experts to appear before the Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"OK7nzEA0h5WAy0rYxiRAJKz3CQ5Okrnd\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is the second elected leader in the Bay Area to call for more action from Chevron on the heels of two flaring incidents at the refinery on Dec. 27 and 28.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Gioia, the Contra Costa County supervisor who represents the area of the refinery and who sits on the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) board, said late last week that the air district believes the abnormally high amounts of hydrogen sulfide detected by one of Chevron's air monitors after flaring operations \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/06/air-district-says-chevron-refinery-in-richmond-probably-caused-mysterious-s-f-odors/\" target=\"_blank\">caused the sulfurlike smell\u003c/a> in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gioia says the oil company will probably be fined by the air district for violating air quality standards and by Contra Costa County authorities for waiting 13 hours to report its first flaring incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrell is also unhappy about the oil company's late notification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That extreme delay is unacceptable while people's lives and safety are at risk,\" Farrell said. \"The public deserves to know why they occurred in the first place, why there was a delay in reporting the flares, and what procedures are in place to protect against flaring.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron and other local refineries emphasize that flaring is a highly regulated safety method used to relieve pressure inside their facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has pushed back against the theory that malfunctions at its Richmond facility caused the San Francisco odor and maintains that it's working with air regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We continue to meet and cooperate with BAAQMD on their investigation,\" company spokeswoman Leah Casey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district, which is still investigating, has not told Chevron that the refinery is the source of the odors, according to Casey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As required by the Contra Costa Health Services, we have prepared and submitted three 72-hour reports based upon our investigation of the flaring events that took place on Dec. 27 and Dec. 28,\" Casey said in a statement. \"This report includes a summary of data collected from air monitoring stations during the incidents and meteorological conditions. The data shows that emissions were well within applicable health standards.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The readings of hydrogen sulfide violated standards set by the air district, but they were not high enough to trigger a federal violation of air limits, according the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Farrell is not the only one who wants answers. Local environmentalists want them as well. They were alarmed by the hydrogen sulfide readings -- which were so intense in one case that they maxed out Chevron's pollution monitoring equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to know much more about this disturbing incident to ensure this refinery doesn't continue endangering our air,\" said Hollin Kretzmann, an Oakland-based attorney at the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Public officials must hold Chevron accountable and require the giant oil company to track its dangerous air pollution throughout the Bay Area,\" Kretzmann said. \"They should also consider whether this problem-prone facility should cut the risk of pollution by reducing operations.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "'For two consecutive nights, a strange rotten-egg smell lingered in the air in San Francisco. Chevron must answer for their actions,' S.F. Supervisor Mark Farrell said. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco Supervisor Mark Farrell wants to haul executives from the Chevron oil company to City Hall to explain why two malfunctions at their Richmond refinery may have sent toxic gas to San Francisco twice late last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prompted by \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/06/mysterious-s-f-odors-preceded-by-high-levels-of-toxic-gas-in-richmond/\" target=\"_blank\">KQED's reporting\u003c/a>, Farrell on Tuesday plans to call for a hearing into the series of refinery problems in Richmond that apparently sent large amounts of hydrogen sulfide into the air hours before dozens of residents on the other side of San Francisco Bay complained of a sulfurlike smell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For two consecutive nights, a strange rotten-egg smell lingered in the air in San Francisco,\" Farrell said. \"Chevron must answer for their actions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with Chevron, Farrell wants air district officials and air quality experts to appear before the Board of Supervisors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is the second elected leader in the Bay Area to call for more action from Chevron on the heels of two flaring incidents at the refinery on Dec. 27 and 28.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Gioia, the Contra Costa County supervisor who represents the area of the refinery and who sits on the Bay Area Air Quality Management District (BAAQMD) board, said late last week that the air district believes the abnormally high amounts of hydrogen sulfide detected by one of Chevron's air monitors after flaring operations \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/06/air-district-says-chevron-refinery-in-richmond-probably-caused-mysterious-s-f-odors/\" target=\"_blank\">caused the sulfurlike smell\u003c/a> in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gioia says the oil company will probably be fined by the air district for violating air quality standards and by Contra Costa County authorities for waiting 13 hours to report its first flaring incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farrell is also unhappy about the oil company's late notification.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That extreme delay is unacceptable while people's lives and safety are at risk,\" Farrell said. \"The public deserves to know why they occurred in the first place, why there was a delay in reporting the flares, and what procedures are in place to protect against flaring.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron and other local refineries emphasize that flaring is a highly regulated safety method used to relieve pressure inside their facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has pushed back against the theory that malfunctions at its Richmond facility caused the San Francisco odor and maintains that it's working with air regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We continue to meet and cooperate with BAAQMD on their investigation,\" company spokeswoman Leah Casey said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district, which is still investigating, has not told Chevron that the refinery is the source of the odors, according to Casey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As required by the Contra Costa Health Services, we have prepared and submitted three 72-hour reports based upon our investigation of the flaring events that took place on Dec. 27 and Dec. 28,\" Casey said in a statement. \"This report includes a summary of data collected from air monitoring stations during the incidents and meteorological conditions. The data shows that emissions were well within applicable health standards.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The readings of hydrogen sulfide violated standards set by the air district, but they were not high enough to trigger a federal violation of air limits, according the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, Farrell is not the only one who wants answers. Local environmentalists want them as well. They were alarmed by the hydrogen sulfide readings -- which were so intense in one case that they maxed out Chevron's pollution monitoring equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to know much more about this disturbing incident to ensure this refinery doesn't continue endangering our air,\" said Hollin Kretzmann, an Oakland-based attorney at the Center for Biological Diversity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Public officials must hold Chevron accountable and require the giant oil company to track its dangerous air pollution throughout the Bay Area,\" Kretzmann said. \"They should also consider whether this problem-prone facility should cut the risk of pollution by reducing operations.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "U.S. Had Near Record Heat, Costly Weather Disasters in 2016",
"headTitle": "U.S. Had Near Record Heat, Costly Weather Disasters in 2016 | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>With steamy nights, sticky days and torrential downpours, last year went down as one of the warmest and wildest weather years on record in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/201613\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced Monday\u003c/a> that 2016 was the second hottest year in the U.S. as Alaska warmed dramatically and nighttime temperatures set a record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. also notched its second highest number of weather disasters that cost at least $1 billion in damage: 15 separate ones together caused $46 billion in damage and 138 deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this month, global temperatures will be calculated, giving climate scientists more information as they monitor the planet’s warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regular tally of the nation’s weather year shows that even on a smaller scale—the U.S. is only 2 percent of the Earth’s area—climate change is becoming more noticeable even amid the natural variations that play such a large role in day to day weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average temperature last year in the Lower 48 states was 54.9 degrees (12.7 Celsius), nearly 3 degrees above the 20th Century average of 52 (11.1 Celsius). It’s the 20th consecutive year that the United States was warmer than normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 2012’s 55.3 (12.9 Celsius)degrees was warmer in the 122 years of U.S. record keeping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is certainly a data point on a trend that we’ve seen: a general warming,” said Deke Arndt, climate monitoring chief at NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information in Asheville, North Carolina.. “All five of the warmest years on record have been since 1998 in the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While 2016 didn’t quite break the overall heat record, Alaska had its hottest year by far, beating 2014’s old record by 1.6 degrees. Also, the nation’s nighttime low temperature was the hottest on record, a key issue because it hurts agriculture, costs more in air conditioning and makes it harder for people’s bodies to recover from the summer heat, Arndt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA also found that it was the fourth consecutive wetter than normal year in the nation, even as droughts remained nasty in some places. “We are seeing bigger doses of rain in smaller amounts of time,” Arndt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That led to four different inland floods that cost $1 billion or more, including heavy sudden flooding in Houston, West Virginia and twice in Louisiana. That’s the most NOAA has seen, twice as many as the previous high for inland flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hotter summer nights, warming farther north and concentrated bursts of heavy rain amid drought are all signs of man-made climate change long predicted by scientists, Arndt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that the U.S. has seen the two warmest years (2012 and 2016) within the past five years cannot be explained by chance. It bears the fingerprint of human-caused climate change,” Pennsylvania State University climate scientist Michael Mann said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year’s 15 billion-dollar weather disasters count is second to 2011, when there were 16 in the United States. NOAA’s billion-dollar disaster calculations — which are adjusted for inflation — goes back to 1980. In addition to flooding, other billion dollar disasters included Hurricane Matthew, wildfires, drought, tornadoes and hail storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other records in 2016: Georgia and the U.S. Southeast as a whole had their warmest years, and the Upper Midwest had its wettest year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>With steamy nights, sticky days and torrential downpours, last year went down as one of the warmest and wildest weather years on record in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/national/201613\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced Monday\u003c/a> that 2016 was the second hottest year in the U.S. as Alaska warmed dramatically and nighttime temperatures set a record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. also notched its second highest number of weather disasters that cost at least $1 billion in damage: 15 separate ones together caused $46 billion in damage and 138 deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this month, global temperatures will be calculated, giving climate scientists more information as they monitor the planet’s warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regular tally of the nation’s weather year shows that even on a smaller scale—the U.S. is only 2 percent of the Earth’s area—climate change is becoming more noticeable even amid the natural variations that play such a large role in day to day weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average temperature last year in the Lower 48 states was 54.9 degrees (12.7 Celsius), nearly 3 degrees above the 20th Century average of 52 (11.1 Celsius). It’s the 20th consecutive year that the United States was warmer than normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only 2012’s 55.3 (12.9 Celsius)degrees was warmer in the 122 years of U.S. record keeping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is certainly a data point on a trend that we’ve seen: a general warming,” said Deke Arndt, climate monitoring chief at NOAA’s National Centers for Environmental Information in Asheville, North Carolina.. “All five of the warmest years on record have been since 1998 in the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While 2016 didn’t quite break the overall heat record, Alaska had its hottest year by far, beating 2014’s old record by 1.6 degrees. Also, the nation’s nighttime low temperature was the hottest on record, a key issue because it hurts agriculture, costs more in air conditioning and makes it harder for people’s bodies to recover from the summer heat, Arndt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NOAA also found that it was the fourth consecutive wetter than normal year in the nation, even as droughts remained nasty in some places. “We are seeing bigger doses of rain in smaller amounts of time,” Arndt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That led to four different inland floods that cost $1 billion or more, including heavy sudden flooding in Houston, West Virginia and twice in Louisiana. That’s the most NOAA has seen, twice as many as the previous high for inland flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hotter summer nights, warming farther north and concentrated bursts of heavy rain amid drought are all signs of man-made climate change long predicted by scientists, Arndt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that the U.S. has seen the two warmest years (2012 and 2016) within the past five years cannot be explained by chance. It bears the fingerprint of human-caused climate change,” Pennsylvania State University climate scientist Michael Mann said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year’s 15 billion-dollar weather disasters count is second to 2011, when there were 16 in the United States. NOAA’s billion-dollar disaster calculations — which are adjusted for inflation — goes back to 1980. In addition to flooding, other billion dollar disasters included Hurricane Matthew, wildfires, drought, tornadoes and hail storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other records in 2016: Georgia and the U.S. Southeast as a whole had their warmest years, and the Upper Midwest had its wettest year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "New California Dam Proposed to Combat Climate Change Concerns",
"headTitle": "New California Dam Proposed to Combat Climate Change Concerns | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Americans have had one primary reason for building dams over the past century: capturing water for growth, whether on farms or in cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now a new dam proposed on California’s Bear River offers another reason: adapting to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.centennialreservoir.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Centennial dam\u003c/span>\u003c/a> project, proposed by the Nevada Irrigation District, is intended to capture rainfall at lower elevations to make up for declining snowpack at higher elevations. It would be built at an elevation of about 2,000 feet between two existing reservoirs on the Bear River—Rollins and Combie—in a region of the Sierra Nevada where winter rainfall can be prolific but snowfall is light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district suffered in 2015, along with the rest of California, when winter snowpack nearly vanished completely. On April 1 of that year, at the end of winter, the state Department of Water Resources measured the Sierra snowpack at just \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/news/newsreleases/2015/040115snowsurvey.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">5 percent of average\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the lowest ever recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1309876\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1138px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1309876\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap.jpg\" alt=\"A map of the proposed Centennial Reservoir site near Meadow Vista, Calif. \" width=\"1138\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap.jpg 1138w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-160x202.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-800x1012.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-768x972.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-1020x1291.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-960x1215.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-240x304.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-375x475.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-520x658.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1138px) 100vw, 1138px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of the proposed Centennial Reservoir site near Meadow Vista, Calif.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Nevada Irrigation District that year was forced to buy water from Pacific Gas \u003cspan class=\"amp\">&\u003c/span> Electric Co. out of Rollins Reservoir to serve its customers. That emergency supply—16,000 acre-feet (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">19.7\u003c/span> million cubic meters) – cost $1 million and might not be available next time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district doesn’t want to have to go begging like that again, said Nick Wilcox, a member of the district’s board of directors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are being seriously impacted now by climate change, and will be more so in the future,” Wilcox said. “This is an attempt to create more mid-elevation storage to capture winter rains for use later in time. We need to control our own destiny.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change scenarios anticipate, as temperatures rise, more Sierra precipitation will fall as rain rather than snow. That means the mountain snowpack that California has relied upon historically to survive its hot summers may no longer be sufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The Nevada Irrigation District conceived Centennial Dam in 1927, and water rights for the project have been held ‘in trust’ ever since.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Centennial proposal would store 110,000 acre-feet (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">135.7\u003c/span> million cubic meters) of water by building a dam 275 feet (84m) tall across the Bear River, near the town of Meadow Vista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would make it larger than any of the district’s existing \u003ca href=\"http://nidwater.com/water-service/about-your-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">10 reservoirs\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, and it would be one of the largest dams built in California in some time. For example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ccwater.com/435/Los-Vaqueros-Project-History\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Los Vaqueros Reservoir\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, built by Contra Costa Water District, was 100,000 acre-feet (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">123.3\u003c/span> million cubic meters) when first constructed in 1998 (and expanded to 160,000 acre-feet).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district hopes to release a draft environmental impact report on the project in 2017 and start construction for the district’s 100th anniversary in 2021—hence the “centennial” name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it is hardly the first dam on the Bear River, the project has prompted a number of concerns among local residents and river advocates, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Less streamflow for imperiled fish downstream.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It would silence a 6-mile stretch of flowing water that residents enjoy, drowning the popular Bear River Campground operated by Placer County, as well as 25 homes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It will require a new bridge across the Bear River that could bring more traffic through Meadow Vista.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It would flood dozens of American Indian cultural sites along the river.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“It’s a 19th-century solution to a 21st-century problem,” said Traci Sheehan, coordinator of the Foothill Water Network, a coalition of local groups formed to oppose the dam. “Especially during a time of climate change, you need to be really thoughtful. We believe there are more cost-effective and less environmentally destructive alternatives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those is meadow restoration, Sheehan said. Sierra meadows have been degraded by more than a century of logging and livestock grazing, reducing their ability to store precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of agencies are working to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article13156424.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">restore meadows\u003c/span>\u003c/a> as a water supply solution. The Nevada Irrigation District could do the same thing, Sheehan said, on the 70,000 acres (28,328 hectares) of mountain watershed that help fill its water system today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another is conservation. Only 10 percent of the district’s customers are residential or business customers who consume treated water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest are agricultural customers who receive untreated or “raw” water. This water is delivered in a 475-mile (764km) ditch system. Much of this dates to the Gold Rush and a lot of it is unlined, resulting in losses of 10 percent or more due to seepage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has a program to line or pipe its ditches “when feasible,” said general manager Rem Scherzinger. In practice, this means about 2 miles (3.2km) per year, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://nidwater.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/FINAL2015_Agricultural_Water_Mgmt_Plan_012916.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As any responsible agency should, we must explore and utilize all of our resources,” Scherzinger said. “These range from conservation and watershed management to leak loss prevention and the construction of storage facilities to try to protect our community. Centennial is one facet in a holistic approach to survive the coming reality of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s treated water customers were required by the state to achieve 33 percent conservation last year because of the drought. They managed 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its raw water customers, however, had no conservation requirement because the state exempted agricultural water users. Although many of the district’s raw water customers are small farmers and ranchers, many are large residential property owners who use the water for other purposes, including landscaping and ponds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we want to make sure farmers get every ounce of water they need for their crops, we believe a lot of agricultural water is going to water the lawns of McMansions,” said Caleb Dardick, executive director of the South Yuba River Citizens League, a small but influential environmental group working to restore river flows for fish and recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unusual feature of the Nevada Irrigation District system is that it diverts substantial amounts of water from the Yuba River, through a tunnel, into the Bear River, to serve a significant share of its customers in both Nevada and Placer counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dardick worries that if the district doesn’t get the water it needs from the Bear River to fill Centennial Reservoir, it will divert more water from the Yuba River to fill it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilcox said the opposite will actually be true. Building Centennial Reservoir, he said, will allow the district to divert less water from the Yuba to serve its customers in Placer County, who could then be served by Bear River water stored in Centennial Reservoir instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, he said, the new reservoir could actually take pressure off the Yuba River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is likely to cost close to $500 million, Wilcox said, which includes the new bridge as well as a possible new hydroelectric unit at Rollins Reservoir, for which the district already has a federal permit. The district would use revenues from electricity sales to help offset construction costs. No rate increases will be needed to pay for the project, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is not enough to say, ‘Well, dams are outdated; we hate dams,’” Wilcox said. “Dams are inherently destructive. I grant you that. But they really do provide some water-supply reliability. And our whole society is heavily dependent on infrastructure like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A critical issue for the project is water rights. Nevada Irrigation District actually conceived Centennial Dam in 1927, when it was known as Parker Dam. Wilcox says the State Water Resources Control Board has held water rights for the project “in trust” ever since. But the district does not hold title to the water, which must be granted by the state through a separate hearing process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot has changed since 1927 in California’s understanding of water availability. Estimates from that time of nature’s ability to provide water are now recognized as optimistic. It is also understood that the state has already \u003ca title=\"Link: http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article2607102.html\" href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article2607102.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">allocated\u003c/span>\u003c/a> much more water rights than there is actual water to divert. So it remains to be seen if 110,000 acre-feet of Bear River water is truly still available for a new reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelly Covert, spokeswoman for the Nisenan Tribe’s Nevada City Rancheria, wants the water district to explore every possible alternative before moving ahead with the reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the project will drown cultural sites the tribe has used for millennia. This includes former village sites, places where cremation rituals were performed and where tribal members still go today to harvest natural resources and connect with flowing water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as “momilaj” (mome-lay) in the Nisenan language, flowing water is important to some tribal cultural practices, said Covert, who is also a member of the tribal council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">“I can’t believe that in 2016, our few remaining resources that we still have access to are in danger of being lost again,” she said. “It’s a big deal to change a flowing, rushing river into a big puddle. Water is a living thing, a living being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/01/09/new-california-dam-proposed-to-combat-climate-change-concerns\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Nevada Irrigation District, which serves two California counties, wants to build a new reservoir on the Bear River to capture rainfall, amid concerns that climate change is shrinking Sierra Nevada snowpack.",
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"description": "Nevada Irrigation District, which serves two California counties, wants to build a new reservoir on the Bear River to capture rainfall, amid concerns that climate change is shrinking Sierra Nevada snowpack.",
"title": "New California Dam Proposed to Combat Climate Change Concerns | KQED",
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"headline": "New California Dam Proposed to Combat Climate Change Concerns",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Americans have had one primary reason for building dams over the past century: capturing water for growth, whether on farms or in cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now a new dam proposed on California’s Bear River offers another reason: adapting to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.centennialreservoir.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Centennial dam\u003c/span>\u003c/a> project, proposed by the Nevada Irrigation District, is intended to capture rainfall at lower elevations to make up for declining snowpack at higher elevations. It would be built at an elevation of about 2,000 feet between two existing reservoirs on the Bear River—Rollins and Combie—in a region of the Sierra Nevada where winter rainfall can be prolific but snowfall is light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district suffered in 2015, along with the rest of California, when winter snowpack nearly vanished completely. On April 1 of that year, at the end of winter, the state Department of Water Resources measured the Sierra snowpack at just \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/news/newsreleases/2015/040115snowsurvey.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">5 percent of average\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the lowest ever recorded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1309876\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1138px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1309876\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap.jpg\" alt=\"A map of the proposed Centennial Reservoir site near Meadow Vista, Calif. \" width=\"1138\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap.jpg 1138w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-160x202.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-800x1012.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-768x972.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-1020x1291.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-960x1215.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-240x304.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-375x475.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/01/CentennialDamMap-520x658.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1138px) 100vw, 1138px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of the proposed Centennial Reservoir site near Meadow Vista, Calif.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Nevada Irrigation District that year was forced to buy water from Pacific Gas \u003cspan class=\"amp\">&\u003c/span> Electric Co. out of Rollins Reservoir to serve its customers. That emergency supply—16,000 acre-feet (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">19.7\u003c/span> million cubic meters) – cost $1 million and might not be available next time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district doesn’t want to have to go begging like that again, said Nick Wilcox, a member of the district’s board of directors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are being seriously impacted now by climate change, and will be more so in the future,” Wilcox said. “This is an attempt to create more mid-elevation storage to capture winter rains for use later in time. We need to control our own destiny.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate change scenarios anticipate, as temperatures rise, more Sierra precipitation will fall as rain rather than snow. That means the mountain snowpack that California has relied upon historically to survive its hot summers may no longer be sufficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The Nevada Irrigation District conceived Centennial Dam in 1927, and water rights for the project have been held ‘in trust’ ever since.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The Centennial proposal would store 110,000 acre-feet (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">135.7\u003c/span> million cubic meters) of water by building a dam 275 feet (84m) tall across the Bear River, near the town of Meadow Vista.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would make it larger than any of the district’s existing \u003ca href=\"http://nidwater.com/water-service/about-your-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">10 reservoirs\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, and it would be one of the largest dams built in California in some time. For example, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ccwater.com/435/Los-Vaqueros-Project-History\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Los Vaqueros Reservoir\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, built by Contra Costa Water District, was 100,000 acre-feet (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">123.3\u003c/span> million cubic meters) when first constructed in 1998 (and expanded to 160,000 acre-feet).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district hopes to release a draft environmental impact report on the project in 2017 and start construction for the district’s 100th anniversary in 2021—hence the “centennial” name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it is hardly the first dam on the Bear River, the project has prompted a number of concerns among local residents and river advocates, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Less streamflow for imperiled fish downstream.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It would silence a 6-mile stretch of flowing water that residents enjoy, drowning the popular Bear River Campground operated by Placer County, as well as 25 homes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It will require a new bridge across the Bear River that could bring more traffic through Meadow Vista.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It would flood dozens of American Indian cultural sites along the river.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“It’s a 19th-century solution to a 21st-century problem,” said Traci Sheehan, coordinator of the Foothill Water Network, a coalition of local groups formed to oppose the dam. “Especially during a time of climate change, you need to be really thoughtful. We believe there are more cost-effective and less environmentally destructive alternatives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those is meadow restoration, Sheehan said. Sierra meadows have been degraded by more than a century of logging and livestock grazing, reducing their ability to store precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of agencies are working to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/environment/article13156424.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">restore meadows\u003c/span>\u003c/a> as a water supply solution. The Nevada Irrigation District could do the same thing, Sheehan said, on the 70,000 acres (28,328 hectares) of mountain watershed that help fill its water system today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another is conservation. Only 10 percent of the district’s customers are residential or business customers who consume treated water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest are agricultural customers who receive untreated or “raw” water. This water is delivered in a 475-mile (764km) ditch system. Much of this dates to the Gold Rush and a lot of it is unlined, resulting in losses of 10 percent or more due to seepage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has a program to line or pipe its ditches “when feasible,” said general manager Rem Scherzinger. In practice, this means about 2 miles (3.2km) per year, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://nidwater.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/FINAL2015_Agricultural_Water_Mgmt_Plan_012916.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">report\u003c/span>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As any responsible agency should, we must explore and utilize all of our resources,” Scherzinger said. “These range from conservation and watershed management to leak loss prevention and the construction of storage facilities to try to protect our community. Centennial is one facet in a holistic approach to survive the coming reality of climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district’s treated water customers were required by the state to achieve 33 percent conservation last year because of the drought. They managed 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its raw water customers, however, had no conservation requirement because the state exempted agricultural water users. Although many of the district’s raw water customers are small farmers and ranchers, many are large residential property owners who use the water for other purposes, including landscaping and ponds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we want to make sure farmers get every ounce of water they need for their crops, we believe a lot of agricultural water is going to water the lawns of McMansions,” said Caleb Dardick, executive director of the South Yuba River Citizens League, a small but influential environmental group working to restore river flows for fish and recreation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An unusual feature of the Nevada Irrigation District system is that it diverts substantial amounts of water from the Yuba River, through a tunnel, into the Bear River, to serve a significant share of its customers in both Nevada and Placer counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dardick worries that if the district doesn’t get the water it needs from the Bear River to fill Centennial Reservoir, it will divert more water from the Yuba River to fill it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilcox said the opposite will actually be true. Building Centennial Reservoir, he said, will allow the district to divert less water from the Yuba to serve its customers in Placer County, who could then be served by Bear River water stored in Centennial Reservoir instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, he said, the new reservoir could actually take pressure off the Yuba River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is likely to cost close to $500 million, Wilcox said, which includes the new bridge as well as a possible new hydroelectric unit at Rollins Reservoir, for which the district already has a federal permit. The district would use revenues from electricity sales to help offset construction costs. No rate increases will be needed to pay for the project, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is not enough to say, ‘Well, dams are outdated; we hate dams,’” Wilcox said. “Dams are inherently destructive. I grant you that. But they really do provide some water-supply reliability. And our whole society is heavily dependent on infrastructure like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A critical issue for the project is water rights. Nevada Irrigation District actually conceived Centennial Dam in 1927, when it was known as Parker Dam. Wilcox says the State Water Resources Control Board has held water rights for the project “in trust” ever since. But the district does not hold title to the water, which must be granted by the state through a separate hearing process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot has changed since 1927 in California’s understanding of water availability. Estimates from that time of nature’s ability to provide water are now recognized as optimistic. It is also understood that the state has already \u003ca title=\"Link: http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article2607102.html\" href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/article2607102.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">allocated\u003c/span>\u003c/a> much more water rights than there is actual water to divert. So it remains to be seen if 110,000 acre-feet of Bear River water is truly still available for a new reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shelly Covert, spokeswoman for the Nisenan Tribe’s Nevada City Rancheria, wants the water district to explore every possible alternative before moving ahead with the reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the project will drown cultural sites the tribe has used for millennia. This includes former village sites, places where cremation rituals were performed and where tribal members still go today to harvest natural resources and connect with flowing water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as “momilaj” (mome-lay) in the Nisenan language, flowing water is important to some tribal cultural practices, said Covert, who is also a member of the tribal council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">“I can’t believe that in 2016, our few remaining resources that we still have access to are in danger of being lost again,” she said. “It’s a big deal to change a flowing, rushing river into a big puddle. Water is a living thing, a living being.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/01/09/new-california-dam-proposed-to-combat-climate-change-concerns\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Historic California Sequoia, 'Pioneer Cabin Tree,' Felled By Storm",
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"content": "\u003cp>This weekend’s storm brought down an ancient tree, carved into a living tunnel more than a century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Pioneer Cabin Tree,” a sequoia in Calaveras Big Trees State Park, saw horses and cars pass through it over the years. More recently, only hikers were allowed to walk through the massive tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the weekend, a powerful winter storm slammed into California and Nevada, prompting flooding and mudslides in some regions. The Associated Press reports it might be the biggest storm to hit the region in more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sunday, a volunteer at the state park reported that Pioneer Cabin had not survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The storm was just too much for it,” the Calaveras Big Tree Association wrote on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.facebook.com/calaverasbigtrees/posts/10154814678640135\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear exactly how old the tree was, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-live-winter-weather-california-iconic-sequoia-tree-in-california-state-1483942759-htmlstory.html\">the Los Angeles Times reports \u003c/a>that the trees in the state park are estimated to be more than 1,000 years old. Sequoias can live for \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/learn/nature/sequoia-research.htm\">more than 3,000 years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The iconic tree was one of a few tunneled-through sequoias in California. The most famous was the Wawona Tree, in Yosemite National Park; it fell during a winter storm in 1969 at an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/seki/faqtunnel.htm\">estimated age of 2,100 years\u003c/a>. The other remaining sequoia tunnels are dead or consist of logs on their side, the Forest Service \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_058751.pdf\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there are still three coastal redwoods (taller and more slender than sequoias) with tunnels cut through them. They’re all operated by private companies, the Forest Service \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_058751.pdf\">says\u003c/a>, and still allow cars to drive through — one appeared in a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zz4bfDgtc8M\">Geico ad.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”8UHBXgrNV41xRPsj2jROImmHlSuYbwQ1″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFGate.com \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Historic-Pioneer-Cabin-Tree-toppled-in-California-10844206.php\">spoke to Jim Allday\u003c/a>, the volunteer who reported Pioneer Cabin’s demise. He told the website that the tree “shattered” when it hit the ground on Sunday afternoon, and that people had walked through it as recently as that morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local flooding might have been the reason the tree fell, SFGate reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"edTag\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>“When I went out there [Sunday afternoon], the trail was literally a river, the trail is washed out,” Allday said. “I could see the tree on the ground, it looked like it was laying in a pond or lake with a river running through it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tree had been among the most popular features of the state park since the late 1800s. The tunnel had graffiti dating to the 1800s, when visitors were encouraged to etch their names into the bark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joan Allday, wife of Jim Allday and also a volunteer at the park, said the tree had been weakening and leaning severely to one side for several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was barely alive, there was one branch alive at the top,” she said. “But it was very brittle and starting to lift.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Tunnel trees were created in the 19th century to promote parks and inspire tourism. But cutting a tunnel through a living sequoia, of course, damages the tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tunnel trees had their time and place in the early history of our national parks,” the National Park Service has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/seki/faqtunnel.htm\">written\u003c/a>. “But today sequoias which are standing healthy and whole are worth far more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11261685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11261685\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-800x396.jpg\" alt=\"Iconic Sequoia Tree Felled by California Storm\" width=\"800\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-800x396.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-160x79.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-1020x504.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-1180x583.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-960x475.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-240x119.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-375x185.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-520x257.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An 1899 stereograph shows the Pioneer Cabin sequoia in Calaveras Grove, California. \u003ccite>(B.L. Singley/New York Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//storify.com/kqednews/tracking-northern-california-s-big-weekend-storm/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"750\" frameborder=\"no\" allowtransparency=\"true\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This weekend’s storm brought down an ancient tree, carved into a living tunnel more than a century ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “Pioneer Cabin Tree,” a sequoia in Calaveras Big Trees State Park, saw horses and cars pass through it over the years. More recently, only hikers were allowed to walk through the massive tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the weekend, a powerful winter storm slammed into California and Nevada, prompting flooding and mudslides in some regions. The Associated Press reports it might be the biggest storm to hit the region in more than a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sunday, a volunteer at the state park reported that Pioneer Cabin had not survived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The storm was just too much for it,” the Calaveras Big Tree Association wrote on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.facebook.com/calaverasbigtrees/posts/10154814678640135\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear exactly how old the tree was, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-live-winter-weather-california-iconic-sequoia-tree-in-california-state-1483942759-htmlstory.html\">the Los Angeles Times reports \u003c/a>that the trees in the state park are estimated to be more than 1,000 years old. Sequoias can live for \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/learn/nature/sequoia-research.htm\">more than 3,000 years\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The iconic tree was one of a few tunneled-through sequoias in California. The most famous was the Wawona Tree, in Yosemite National Park; it fell during a winter storm in 1969 at an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/seki/faqtunnel.htm\">estimated age of 2,100 years\u003c/a>. The other remaining sequoia tunnels are dead or consist of logs on their side, the Forest Service \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_058751.pdf\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there are still three coastal redwoods (taller and more slender than sequoias) with tunnels cut through them. They’re all operated by private companies, the Forest Service \u003ca href=\"https://www.fs.usda.gov/Internet/FSE_DOCUMENTS/fsbdev3_058751.pdf\">says\u003c/a>, and still allow cars to drive through — one appeared in a recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zz4bfDgtc8M\">Geico ad.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFGate.com \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Historic-Pioneer-Cabin-Tree-toppled-in-California-10844206.php\">spoke to Jim Allday\u003c/a>, the volunteer who reported Pioneer Cabin’s demise. He told the website that the tree “shattered” when it hit the ground on Sunday afternoon, and that people had walked through it as recently as that morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local flooding might have been the reason the tree fell, SFGate reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"edTag\">\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>“When I went out there [Sunday afternoon], the trail was literally a river, the trail is washed out,” Allday said. “I could see the tree on the ground, it looked like it was laying in a pond or lake with a river running through it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tree had been among the most popular features of the state park since the late 1800s. The tunnel had graffiti dating to the 1800s, when visitors were encouraged to etch their names into the bark.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joan Allday, wife of Jim Allday and also a volunteer at the park, said the tree had been weakening and leaning severely to one side for several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was barely alive, there was one branch alive at the top,” she said. “But it was very brittle and starting to lift.”\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Tunnel trees were created in the 19th century to promote parks and inspire tourism. But cutting a tunnel through a living sequoia, of course, damages the tree.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tunnel trees had their time and place in the early history of our national parks,” the National Park Service has \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/seki/faqtunnel.htm\">written\u003c/a>. “But today sequoias which are standing healthy and whole are worth far more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11261685\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11261685\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-800x396.jpg\" alt=\"Iconic Sequoia Tree Felled by California Storm\" width=\"800\" height=\"396\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-800x396.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-160x79.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-1020x504.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-1180x583.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-960x475.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-240x119.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-375x185.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic-520x257.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/01/NYPL_Historic.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An 1899 stereograph shows the Pioneer Cabin sequoia in Calaveras Grove, California. \u003ccite>(B.L. Singley/New York Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//storify.com/kqednews/tracking-northern-california-s-big-weekend-storm/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"750\" frameborder=\"no\" allowtransparency=\"true\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Why Climate Change Continues to Be a Tough Sell",
"headTitle": "Why Climate Change Continues to Be a Tough Sell | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>So, 2016 goes down in the books as the warmest year on record, globally. And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/01/04/noaa-challenged-the-global-warming-pause-now-new-research-says-the-agency-was-right/?utm_term=.21202c1bf357\">new report affirms\u003c/a> that a “pause” in global warming, often cited by climate science contrarians, never happened. So that should settle this climate thing once and for all, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wrong,” seems to be the view of many Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question of how people make up their minds about climate change turns out to be complicated, which helps explain figures due to be released next week by Yale and George Mason Universities as part of the ongoing \u003ca href=\"http://climatecommunication.yale.edu/about/projects/global-warmings-six-americas/\">Six Americas study\u003c/a> of climate attitudes. The project’s most recent survey shows that while seven in 10 U.S. adults believe that the planet is heating up, only about half (53 percent) will concede that human activity is driving it, despite overwhelming scientific evidence to that effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re ideally objective when we think and decide, but that isn’t what we actually do,” Ohio State University decision sciences expert Ellen Peters \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/whats-the-best-way-to-convince-a-climate-change-denier/\">told NPR’s Science Friday\u003c/a>. In matters as potentially disruptive as the course of the climate, “We tend to seek out, interpret and weigh information according to what we wanted to believe ahead of time,” said Peters. That would apply, of course, to those on both sides of the argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a nut that \u003ca href=\"http://www.climateaccountability.org/pdf/Oreskes%20Jul13.pdf\">Naomi Oreskes\u003c/a> has been trying to crack for more than a decade. One of the nation’s most notable science historians, Oreskes has written extensively about the tactics of climate science deniers and their motives. In December, the Commonwealth Club of California’s \u003ca href=\"https://climateone.org/\">Climate One\u003c/a> program gave Oreskes its annual Stephen H. Schneider Award for achievement in climate science communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years ago, Oreskes and co-author Erik Conway wrote \u003ca href=\"http://www.merchantsofdoubt.org/\">Merchants of Doubt\u003c/a>, which detailed how the fossil fuel industry co-opted scientists and bankrolled “disinformation” campaigns to counter warnings about global warming and hamstring government efforts to engage on the climate front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Oreskes agrees that the disinclination to accept climate science can be traced to more than a corporate conspiracy. Other factors in the complex matrix of climate attitudes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Government is the Problem”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impulse to reject climate science goes to the heart of American culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a long history of being suspicious about government,” says Oreskes, and for better or worse, the most meaningful countermeasures to climate change require some level of government intervention, such as regulating and taxing carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think our version of it dates to Ronald Reagan (“Government is the problem”) but it’s a really deep element in American society if you think about it. Our government was set up so that the federal government would be weak, so that it wouldn’t concentrate too much power in Washington D.C.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ask Not What You Can Do for Your Country\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Americans have also come to see potential climate solutions as a threat to their lifestyle. A survey by the Pew Research Center last summer found that six in 10 Americans believed they’d have to make “major changes to their way of life” to address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s also sort of the idea that the American way of life is a life of plenty,” says Oreskes. “Many people, if you try to talk to them about climate change, what they hear you saying is, ‘You’re a bad person—the way you live is bad,'” explains Oreskes. “You’re doing this terrible thing which is going to kill people in Bangladesh.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oreskes cautions against using the “language of sacrifice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the key challenge for us is to figure out how we shift our energy systems in ways that protect our prosperity rather than ways that cause us to be poor,” she says. “And this is really crucial because a lot of people want to imply that if we do something about climate change, it’s going to cost us a ton of money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often held up as proof to the contrary is California, which has seen its economy grow steadily despite having the nation’s most aggressive policies to cut greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blame it on the Media\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why not? We deserve it. After all, \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/10/19/13342250/presidential-debates-climate-change\">not a single question\u003c/a> about climate was raised throughout the series of televised presidential debates during the 2016 campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is fundamentally a climate silence in America today,” says Ed Maibach, who directs the George Mason half of the Six Americas project. He says most respondents to their surveys say they “rarely hear about it in the media,” nor do they often hear people discussing climate or have conversations about it themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an all-hands-on-deck situation,” says Maibach. “We need all voices in America talking about climate change and throwing their support behind climate solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Why do nearly half of Americans still doubt the science? Researchers who study the question weigh in on the underlying fears and perceptions.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>So, 2016 goes down in the books as the warmest year on record, globally. And a \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/energy-environment/wp/2017/01/04/noaa-challenged-the-global-warming-pause-now-new-research-says-the-agency-was-right/?utm_term=.21202c1bf357\">new report affirms\u003c/a> that a “pause” in global warming, often cited by climate science contrarians, never happened. So that should settle this climate thing once and for all, right?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Wrong,” seems to be the view of many Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question of how people make up their minds about climate change turns out to be complicated, which helps explain figures due to be released next week by Yale and George Mason Universities as part of the ongoing \u003ca href=\"http://climatecommunication.yale.edu/about/projects/global-warmings-six-americas/\">Six Americas study\u003c/a> of climate attitudes. The project’s most recent survey shows that while seven in 10 U.S. adults believe that the planet is heating up, only about half (53 percent) will concede that human activity is driving it, despite overwhelming scientific evidence to that effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re ideally objective when we think and decide, but that isn’t what we actually do,” Ohio State University decision sciences expert Ellen Peters \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencefriday.com/segments/whats-the-best-way-to-convince-a-climate-change-denier/\">told NPR’s Science Friday\u003c/a>. In matters as potentially disruptive as the course of the climate, “We tend to seek out, interpret and weigh information according to what we wanted to believe ahead of time,” said Peters. That would apply, of course, to those on both sides of the argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a nut that \u003ca href=\"http://www.climateaccountability.org/pdf/Oreskes%20Jul13.pdf\">Naomi Oreskes\u003c/a> has been trying to crack for more than a decade. One of the nation’s most notable science historians, Oreskes has written extensively about the tactics of climate science deniers and their motives. In December, the Commonwealth Club of California’s \u003ca href=\"https://climateone.org/\">Climate One\u003c/a> program gave Oreskes its annual Stephen H. Schneider Award for achievement in climate science communication.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Six years ago, Oreskes and co-author Erik Conway wrote \u003ca href=\"http://www.merchantsofdoubt.org/\">Merchants of Doubt\u003c/a>, which detailed how the fossil fuel industry co-opted scientists and bankrolled “disinformation” campaigns to counter warnings about global warming and hamstring government efforts to engage on the climate front.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Oreskes agrees that the disinclination to accept climate science can be traced to more than a corporate conspiracy. Other factors in the complex matrix of climate attitudes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“Government is the Problem”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impulse to reject climate science goes to the heart of American culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a long history of being suspicious about government,” says Oreskes, and for better or worse, the most meaningful countermeasures to climate change require some level of government intervention, such as regulating and taxing carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think our version of it dates to Ronald Reagan (“Government is the problem”) but it’s a really deep element in American society if you think about it. Our government was set up so that the federal government would be weak, so that it wouldn’t concentrate too much power in Washington D.C.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ask Not What You Can Do for Your Country\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Americans have also come to see potential climate solutions as a threat to their lifestyle. A survey by the Pew Research Center last summer found that six in 10 Americans believed they’d have to make “major changes to their way of life” to address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s also sort of the idea that the American way of life is a life of plenty,” says Oreskes. “Many people, if you try to talk to them about climate change, what they hear you saying is, ‘You’re a bad person—the way you live is bad,'” explains Oreskes. “You’re doing this terrible thing which is going to kill people in Bangladesh.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oreskes cautions against using the “language of sacrifice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the key challenge for us is to figure out how we shift our energy systems in ways that protect our prosperity rather than ways that cause us to be poor,” she says. “And this is really crucial because a lot of people want to imply that if we do something about climate change, it’s going to cost us a ton of money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often held up as proof to the contrary is California, which has seen its economy grow steadily despite having the nation’s most aggressive policies to cut greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Blame it on the Media\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why not? We deserve it. After all, \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2016/10/19/13342250/presidential-debates-climate-change\">not a single question\u003c/a> about climate was raised throughout the series of televised presidential debates during the 2016 campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is fundamentally a climate silence in America today,” says Ed Maibach, who directs the George Mason half of the Six Americas project. He says most respondents to their surveys say they “rarely hear about it in the media,” nor do they often hear people discussing climate or have conversations about it themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is an all-hands-on-deck situation,” says Maibach. “We need all voices in America talking about climate change and throwing their support behind climate solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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},
"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"on-the-media": {
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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