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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>“Typically, we’d be in a celebratory mood,\" said Sen. Ben Allen (D-Santa Monica). \"Instead, we’re lamenting the decision of this president to step back from American leadership.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In truth, California's goals to fight climate change already far surpassed what was agreed upon in Paris: that nations would voluntarily reduce their greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown signed \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/23/tougher-greenhouse-gas-emission-limits-move-forward-in-legislature/\">legislation\u003c/a> last year that requires California's emissions levels drop to 40 percent below 1990 levels by the year 2030. The possibility of the U.S. withdrawal from the accord gave lawmakers in the state another opportunity to emphasize the state's departure from federal climate policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We’re showing the way forward,\" said de León. \"We’re sending a clear message to the rest of the world that no president, no matter how desperately they may try to ignore reality, can halt our progress.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump is \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/31/report-official-says-trump-expected-to-pull-u-s-from-paris-deal/\">expected to pull the United States out of the Paris climate accord\u003c/a> as California moves to reduce carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump tweeted that his announcement was imminent:\u003cbr>\nhttps://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/869903459511918592\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Donald Trump is expected to pull the United States from a landmark \u003ca href=\"http://unfccc.int/paris_agreement/items/9485.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">global climate agreement\u003c/a>, a White House official said Wednesday, though there could be “caveats in the language” announcing a withdrawal, leaving open the possibility that his decision isn’t final.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exiting the deal would fulfill a central campaign pledge from the president, but would be certain to anger allies that spent years negotiating the accord to reduce carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The official insisted on anonymity in order to discuss the decision before the official announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump tweeted on Wednesday morning: “I will be announcing my decision on the Paris Accord over the next few days. MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Trump currently favors an exit, he has been known to change his thinking on major decisions and tends to seek counsel from a range of inside and outside advisers, many with differing agendas, until the last minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s top aides have been divided on the accord. On Wednesday afternoon, Trump was to meet with Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, who has favored remaining in the deal. Chief strategist Steve Bannon supports an exit, while senior adviser Jared Kushner generally thinks the deal is bad, but would like to find a way to see if the U.S. emissions targets can be changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 200 nations, including the United States under President Barack Obama’s administration, agreed in 2015 to voluntarily reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in an effort to combat climate change. Withdrawing would leave the United States aligned only with Russia among the world’s industrialized economies in rejecting action to combat climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump pledged during his presidential campaign to withdraw the U.S. from the pact immediately after taking office, but had wavered on the issue since winning the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Trump’s overseas trip last week, European leaders pressed him to keep the U.S. in the pact. French President Emmanuel Macron spoke with Trump at length about the issue during a meeting in Brussels, and even at the Vatican, Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Parolin made his own pro-Paris pitch to Trump and his advisers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of Trump’s expected decision drew swift reaction from the United Nations. The organization’s main Twitter page quoted Secretary-General Antonio Guterres as saying, “Climate change is undeniable. Climate change is unstoppable. Climate solutions provide opportunities that are unmatchable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Club’s executive director, Michael Brune, called the expected move a “historic mistake which our grandchildren will look back on with stunned dismay at how a world leader could be so divorced from reality and morality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump claimed before taking office that climate change was a “hoax” created by the Chinese to hurt the U.S. economy. Such an assertion stands in defiance of broad scientific consensus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump’s chief White House economic adviser, Gary Cohn, told reporters during the trip abroad that Trump’s views on climate change were “evolving” following the president’s discussions with European leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of Trump’s expected decision comes a day after the president met with Scott Pruitt, the administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. Like his boss, Pruitt has questioned the consensus of climate scientists that the Earth is warming and that man-made climate emissions are to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once in power, Trump and Pruitt have moved to delay or roll back federal regulations limiting greenhouse gas emissions while pledging to revive the long-struggling U.S. coal mines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is not yet clear is whether Trump plans to initiate a formal withdrawal from the Paris accord, which under the terms of the agreement could take three years, or exit the underlying U.N. climate change treaty on which the accord was based.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., and 21 other Republican sent Trump a letter last week urging him to follow through on his campaign pledge to pull out of the climate accord. Most of the senators who signed are from states that depend on the continued burning of coal, oil and gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been influential voices urging Trump not to ditch the Paris accord. Forty Democratic senators sent Trump a letter urging him to stay in, saying a withdrawal would hurt America’s credibility and influence on the world stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of high-profile businesses have spoken out in favor of the deal, including Apple, Google and Walmart. Even fossil fuel companies such as Exxon Mobil, BP and Shell say the United States should abide by the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. is the world’s second largest emitter of carbon, following only China. Beijing, however, has reaffirmed its commitment to meeting its targets under the Paris accord, recently canceling construction of about 100 coal-fired power plants and investing billions in massive wind and solar projects.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Donald Trump is expected to pull the United States from a landmark \u003ca href=\"http://unfccc.int/paris_agreement/items/9485.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">global climate agreement\u003c/a>, a White House official said Wednesday, though there could be “caveats in the language” announcing a withdrawal, leaving open the possibility that his decision isn’t final.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exiting the deal would fulfill a central campaign pledge from the president, but would be certain to anger allies that spent years negotiating the accord to reduce carbon emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The official insisted on anonymity in order to discuss the decision before the official announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump tweeted on Wednesday morning: “I will be announcing my decision on the Paris Accord over the next few days. MAKE AMERICA GREAT AGAIN!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Trump currently favors an exit, he has been known to change his thinking on major decisions and tends to seek counsel from a range of inside and outside advisers, many with differing agendas, until the last minute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s top aides have been divided on the accord. On Wednesday afternoon, Trump was to meet with Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, who has favored remaining in the deal. Chief strategist Steve Bannon supports an exit, while senior adviser Jared Kushner generally thinks the deal is bad, but would like to find a way to see if the U.S. emissions targets can be changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 200 nations, including the United States under President Barack Obama’s administration, agreed in 2015 to voluntarily reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in an effort to combat climate change. Withdrawing would leave the United States aligned only with Russia among the world’s industrialized economies in rejecting action to combat climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump pledged during his presidential campaign to withdraw the U.S. from the pact immediately after taking office, but had wavered on the issue since winning the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During Trump’s overseas trip last week, European leaders pressed him to keep the U.S. in the pact. French President Emmanuel Macron spoke with Trump at length about the issue during a meeting in Brussels, and even at the Vatican, Cardinal Secretary of State Pietro Parolin made his own pro-Paris pitch to Trump and his advisers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of Trump’s expected decision drew swift reaction from the United Nations. The organization’s main Twitter page quoted Secretary-General Antonio Guterres as saying, “Climate change is undeniable. Climate change is unstoppable. Climate solutions provide opportunities that are unmatchable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sierra Club’s executive director, Michael Brune, called the expected move a “historic mistake which our grandchildren will look back on with stunned dismay at how a world leader could be so divorced from reality and morality.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump claimed before taking office that climate change was a “hoax” created by the Chinese to hurt the U.S. economy. Such an assertion stands in defiance of broad scientific consensus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump’s chief White House economic adviser, Gary Cohn, told reporters during the trip abroad that Trump’s views on climate change were “evolving” following the president’s discussions with European leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Word of Trump’s expected decision comes a day after the president met with Scott Pruitt, the administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency. Like his boss, Pruitt has questioned the consensus of climate scientists that the Earth is warming and that man-made climate emissions are to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once in power, Trump and Pruitt have moved to delay or roll back federal regulations limiting greenhouse gas emissions while pledging to revive the long-struggling U.S. coal mines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is not yet clear is whether Trump plans to initiate a formal withdrawal from the Paris accord, which under the terms of the agreement could take three years, or exit the underlying U.N. climate change treaty on which the accord was based.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., and 21 other Republican sent Trump a letter last week urging him to follow through on his campaign pledge to pull out of the climate accord. Most of the senators who signed are from states that depend on the continued burning of coal, oil and gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been influential voices urging Trump not to ditch the Paris accord. Forty Democratic senators sent Trump a letter urging him to stay in, saying a withdrawal would hurt America’s credibility and influence on the world stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of high-profile businesses have spoken out in favor of the deal, including Apple, Google and Walmart. Even fossil fuel companies such as Exxon Mobil, BP and Shell say the United States should abide by the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. is the world’s second largest emitter of carbon, following only China. Beijing, however, has reaffirmed its commitment to meeting its targets under the Paris accord, recently canceling construction of about 100 coal-fired power plants and investing billions in massive wind and solar projects.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Air District Investigating Latest Valero Refinery Release Weeks After Power Outage",
"title": "Air District Investigating Latest Valero Refinery Release Weeks After Power Outage",
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"content": "\u003cp>Local air regulators have opened a new investigation into Valero's Benicia refinery after another malfunction at the facility sent black smoke into the air three times over the weekend. The flaring comes close to a month after the refinery experienced its first full outage in decades, resulting in toxic gases being released into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the refinery's units had \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CityBenicia/posts/1449022338493145\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">some sort of release\u003c/a> on Sunday afternoon, according to Benicia city officials, as the facility continues to struggle to fully restart its operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the incident in early May, there were no shelter-in-place orders, evacuations and hospitalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"yGKTZuUIXBozwEhVUmmQCJW0b2Nm1S2M\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But state officials normally notified of similar refinery problems were not told about the latest incident. And the city and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District are unaware of what chemicals were sent into the air because of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is part of the problem -- we don't know what is released,\" Benicia Mayor Elizabeth Patterson said in an email Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero is not releasing detailed information about Sunday's malfunction, but it is linking it with the problem earlier in the month that sent flames, smoke and toxic gas into the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Valero's Benicia refinery continues to work to restore operations following the May 5 power outage caused by disruption from Pacific Gas & Electric,\" said company spokeswoman Lillian Riojas in an email almost identical to one she sent to KQED two weeks ago about another release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Intermittent flaring and related startup issues may occur,\" Riojas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem was tied to Valero's scrubber unit, city officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That unit acts as a large filter, cleaning up gas or liquid that exits a processing unit, according to Tulane professor Eric Smith, who specializes in gas and oil production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery sent black smoke that came from oil residue into the sky on three occasions Sunday afternoon, each one lasting between 15 and 45 seconds, said Benicia Fire Chief Jim Lydon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district then sent an inspector to the facility, according to Tom Flannigan, a spokesman for the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This new incident that happened over the weekend may have been tied to them testing out their equipment and their processes as they bring them back up to speed,\" Flannigan said in an interview Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has already issued \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/05/benicia-refinery-power-outage-triggers-evacuations/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">six notices of violation\u003c/a> against Valero in connection with the May 5 outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We did see some dark black smoke that was released for a period of time,\" Flannigan said. \"We'll be taking a close look to see what exactly what was emitted and if they're subject to any fines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike a series of releases that took place at the refinery in the days after the outage, Sunday's incident was not reported to the Governor's Office of Emergency Services, which administers a hazardous materials notification database. You can see the Valero outage notifications \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/c772dcd437057a3488258125007de8ec?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,valero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, state air regulators were not kept in the loop either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have nothing new, and nothing new was reported to Cal OES over the weekend,\" said David Clegern, a spokesman for the California Air Resources Board, which has had air monitors in place near the refinery since the outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outage is \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/10/after-valero-refinery-outage-three-probes-and-rising-gas-prices/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">under investigation\u003c/a> by a third party hired by PG&E, the air district, California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) and Solano County's Department of Resource Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county is investigating \u003ca href=\"http://claycord.com/2017/05/18/employees-frustrated-after-oil-based-substance-lands-on-vehicles-businesses-near-valero-refinery/comment-page-1/#comment-1023805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">another incident\u003c/a> that may be tied to the aftermath of the outage. On May 15, several people who work at MRC Global, a company on Bayshore Road not too far away the refinery, found an \"oil-based\" substance on their cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hazardous materials specialist conducted tests on the vehicles, according to Terry Schmidtbauer, director of Solano County's Department of Resource Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City and county officials asked Valero to take the vehicles to a car-wash, Schmidtbauer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electricity failure at the refinery and resulting safety concerns have prompted a push for Benicia to develop an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/23/valero-outage-prompts-benicia-to-consider-industrial-safety-ordinance/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">industrial safety ordinance\u003c/a> similar to one that governs refineries in Contra Costa County. And it also led Mayor Patterson to call for the city to do a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/09/benicia-mayor-calls-for-key-emergency-improvements-after-valero-refinery-outage-and-flaring/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">better job\u003c/a> of telling its residents about major emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "'That is part of the problem -- we don't know what is released,' Benicia's mayor said.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Local air regulators have opened a new investigation into Valero's Benicia refinery after another malfunction at the facility sent black smoke into the air three times over the weekend. The flaring comes close to a month after the refinery experienced its first full outage in decades, resulting in toxic gases being released into the atmosphere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the refinery's units had \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CityBenicia/posts/1449022338493145\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">some sort of release\u003c/a> on Sunday afternoon, according to Benicia city officials, as the facility continues to struggle to fully restart its operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike the incident in early May, there were no shelter-in-place orders, evacuations and hospitalizations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But state officials normally notified of similar refinery problems were not told about the latest incident. And the city and the Bay Area Air Quality Management District are unaware of what chemicals were sent into the air because of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is part of the problem -- we don't know what is released,\" Benicia Mayor Elizabeth Patterson said in an email Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero is not releasing detailed information about Sunday's malfunction, but it is linking it with the problem earlier in the month that sent flames, smoke and toxic gas into the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Valero's Benicia refinery continues to work to restore operations following the May 5 power outage caused by disruption from Pacific Gas & Electric,\" said company spokeswoman Lillian Riojas in an email almost identical to one she sent to KQED two weeks ago about another release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Intermittent flaring and related startup issues may occur,\" Riojas said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem was tied to Valero's scrubber unit, city officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That unit acts as a large filter, cleaning up gas or liquid that exits a processing unit, according to Tulane professor Eric Smith, who specializes in gas and oil production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The refinery sent black smoke that came from oil residue into the sky on three occasions Sunday afternoon, each one lasting between 15 and 45 seconds, said Benicia Fire Chief Jim Lydon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district then sent an inspector to the facility, according to Tom Flannigan, a spokesman for the Bay Area Air Quality Management District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This new incident that happened over the weekend may have been tied to them testing out their equipment and their processes as they bring them back up to speed,\" Flannigan said in an interview Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has already issued \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/05/benicia-refinery-power-outage-triggers-evacuations/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">six notices of violation\u003c/a> against Valero in connection with the May 5 outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We did see some dark black smoke that was released for a period of time,\" Flannigan said. \"We'll be taking a close look to see what exactly what was emitted and if they're subject to any fines.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike a series of releases that took place at the refinery in the days after the outage, Sunday's incident was not reported to the Governor's Office of Emergency Services, which administers a hazardous materials notification database. You can see the Valero outage notifications \u003ca href=\"https://w3.calema.ca.gov/operational/malhaz.nsf/f1841a103c102734882563e200760c4a/c772dcd437057a3488258125007de8ec?OpenDocument&Highlight=0,valero\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, state air regulators were not kept in the loop either.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have nothing new, and nothing new was reported to Cal OES over the weekend,\" said David Clegern, a spokesman for the California Air Resources Board, which has had air monitors in place near the refinery since the outage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outage is \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/10/after-valero-refinery-outage-three-probes-and-rising-gas-prices/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">under investigation\u003c/a> by a third party hired by PG&E, the air district, California's Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) and Solano County's Department of Resource Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county is investigating \u003ca href=\"http://claycord.com/2017/05/18/employees-frustrated-after-oil-based-substance-lands-on-vehicles-businesses-near-valero-refinery/comment-page-1/#comment-1023805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">another incident\u003c/a> that may be tied to the aftermath of the outage. On May 15, several people who work at MRC Global, a company on Bayshore Road not too far away the refinery, found an \"oil-based\" substance on their cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hazardous materials specialist conducted tests on the vehicles, according to Terry Schmidtbauer, director of Solano County's Department of Resource Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City and county officials asked Valero to take the vehicles to a car-wash, Schmidtbauer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electricity failure at the refinery and resulting safety concerns have prompted a push for Benicia to develop an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/23/valero-outage-prompts-benicia-to-consider-industrial-safety-ordinance/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">industrial safety ordinance\u003c/a> similar to one that governs refineries in Contra Costa County. And it also led Mayor Patterson to call for the city to do a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/09/benicia-mayor-calls-for-key-emergency-improvements-after-valero-refinery-outage-and-flaring/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">better job\u003c/a> of telling its residents about major emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Before and After: Satellite Photos of Vast Big Sur Landslide",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"90%\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=05a0ba2a-4263-11e7-9498-0edaf8f81e27\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]L[/dropcap]ast Saturday night, a mountainside gave way along Highway 1, a mile or so down the road from the hamlet of Gorda on the southern end of the Big Sur coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can say lots of things about the landslide (depicted above in before-and-after satellite images from San Francisco's \u003ca href=\"https://www.planet.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Planet Labs\u003c/a>): That it was vast, sending millions of tons of rock, soil and mud down the mountain, across the precariously situated roadway and into the Pacific Ocean. That it's historic -- almost certainly the largest since a giant slide near the entrance to Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park in March 1983 closed the coast highway for 13 months. That it's going to take a long, long time -- Caltrans says at least a year -- before this stretch of Highway 1 is clear again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing you can't say, though, is that the monster slide was a complete surprise. Weather and history both foretold something big happening along Highway 1 -- perhaps close to Gorda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rain fell long and hard on the slide area at Mud Creek and the mountains above it, with some highland locations getting as much as 117 inches from last October through early April. Caltrans engineers say that springs and seeps that came to life near Mud Creek saturated the mountainside and started several separate slides, occasionally closing the highway, before the entire slope collapsed last weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mud Creek is also in the middle of a zone that one might call particularly slide-prone. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist05/projects/bigsur/pdfs/Landslide%20Guidelines_Complete-July2003.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2003 Caltrans report\u003c/a> described the terrain where the latest slide happened as \"very active\" with \"high landslide potential.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>History bears out the truth of that statement. The latest slide occurred on a 5-mile stretch of Highway 1 that landslides have closed for a month or more on at least half a dozen occasions since 1982 -- typically during or after unusually wet winters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans spokeswoman Susana Cruz said Friday afternoon that engineers are continuing to assess the extent, composition and behavior of the slide -- investigating the area with drones and helicopters and drilling through the mass of rock and muck to see how deep it actually is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cruz said the agency will use ground-penetrating radar to assess how much the slide is still moving. The technology has been used to monitor a slope blocking Highway 1 at a location called Paul's Slide, near Limekiln State Park, 13 miles northwest of the Mud Creek slide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans managed to build a temporary lane around Paul's Slide, only to discover the earth is continuing to move there. The agency closed the location again earlier this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One immediate impact of the Paul's Slide closure is a potential delay in work to replace the Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge -- severely damaged by a slide, then demolished -- further north in Big Sur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans contractors have been trucking construction supplies from U.S. 101 in the Salinas Valley over steep, narrow, twisting Nacimiento-Fergusson Road to Highway 1, then hauling them north to Pfeiffer Canyon. Paul's Slide is now blocking that route indefinitely, and Cruz said contractors could be forced to fly supplies to the bridge site by helicopter.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe frameborder=\"0\" class=\"juxtapose\" width=\"90%\" src=\"https://cdn.knightlab.com/libs/juxtapose/latest/embed/index.html?uid=05a0ba2a-4263-11e7-9498-0edaf8f81e27\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">L\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ast Saturday night, a mountainside gave way along Highway 1, a mile or so down the road from the hamlet of Gorda on the southern end of the Big Sur coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can say lots of things about the landslide (depicted above in before-and-after satellite images from San Francisco's \u003ca href=\"https://www.planet.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Planet Labs\u003c/a>): That it was vast, sending millions of tons of rock, soil and mud down the mountain, across the precariously situated roadway and into the Pacific Ocean. That it's historic -- almost certainly the largest since a giant slide near the entrance to Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park in March 1983 closed the coast highway for 13 months. That it's going to take a long, long time -- Caltrans says at least a year -- before this stretch of Highway 1 is clear again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One thing you can't say, though, is that the monster slide was a complete surprise. Weather and history both foretold something big happening along Highway 1 -- perhaps close to Gorda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rain fell long and hard on the slide area at Mud Creek and the mountains above it, with some highland locations getting as much as 117 inches from last October through early April. Caltrans engineers say that springs and seeps that came to life near Mud Creek saturated the mountainside and started several separate slides, occasionally closing the highway, before the entire slope collapsed last weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mud Creek is also in the middle of a zone that one might call particularly slide-prone. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist05/projects/bigsur/pdfs/Landslide%20Guidelines_Complete-July2003.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">2003 Caltrans report\u003c/a> described the terrain where the latest slide happened as \"very active\" with \"high landslide potential.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>History bears out the truth of that statement. The latest slide occurred on a 5-mile stretch of Highway 1 that landslides have closed for a month or more on at least half a dozen occasions since 1982 -- typically during or after unusually wet winters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans spokeswoman Susana Cruz said Friday afternoon that engineers are continuing to assess the extent, composition and behavior of the slide -- investigating the area with drones and helicopters and drilling through the mass of rock and muck to see how deep it actually is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cruz said the agency will use ground-penetrating radar to assess how much the slide is still moving. The technology has been used to monitor a slope blocking Highway 1 at a location called Paul's Slide, near Limekiln State Park, 13 miles northwest of the Mud Creek slide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans managed to build a temporary lane around Paul's Slide, only to discover the earth is continuing to move there. The agency closed the location again earlier this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One immediate impact of the Paul's Slide closure is a potential delay in work to replace the Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge -- severely damaged by a slide, then demolished -- further north in Big Sur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans contractors have been trucking construction supplies from U.S. 101 in the Salinas Valley over steep, narrow, twisting Nacimiento-Fergusson Road to Highway 1, then hauling them north to Pfeiffer Canyon. Paul's Slide is now blocking that route indefinitely, and Cruz said contractors could be forced to fly supplies to the bridge site by helicopter.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "trumps-budget-cuts-funding-for-california-earthquake-early-warning-system",
"title": "Trump's Budget Cuts Funding for California Earthquake Early Warning System",
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"headTitle": "Trump’s Budget Cuts Funding for California Earthquake Early Warning System | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump’s budget proposal would cut federal funding for an earthquake early warning system for California, Oregon and Washington state, a development that seismology experts and some local leaders say would be the end of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”J4vlCvkAeZWaVnmm0lxvnwklOEYnJScM”]The system being developed in conjunction with various universities is intended to provide critical seconds of warning when an earthquake has started and potentially dangerous shaking is imminent, allowing time for people to take cover and to slow or halt such things as critical industrial processes and transportation systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A version of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.shakealert.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ShakeAlert system\u003c/a> has been undergoing testing but still needs to have more seismic sensors installed in Northern California, Oregon and Washington. The proposed funding cuts for the next fiscal year starting Oct. 1 would come from the budget of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/a>, a bureau of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Interior Department\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veteran \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Jones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">seismologist Lucy Jones\u003c/a>, who recently retired from the U.S. Geological Survey after years of providing earthquake information to the public, said she was deeply disappointed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Eliminating the $10 million (per) year that the government has been spending would stop the program and waste the $23 million that has already been invested,” she said in a statement. “The talented scientists and technicians that are working on the project now will go to other jobs, so their experience and expertise would be lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. \u003ca href=\"https://schiff.house.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adam Schiff\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles-area Democrat, said in a Facebook post that the system should not be stopped just as it is being expanded after years of work to educate the public and Congress on its benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Support for the early warning system in Congress is sustained, growing and bipartisan, and we will not accept this attempt by the president to cut a vital funding stream for a program that will protect life, property and critical infrastructure,” Schiff wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. \u003ca href=\"https://calvert.house.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ken Calvert\u003c/a>, a Republican who represents an inland Southern California district, is chairman of the Appropriations Subcommittee on the Interior and the Environment and has supported funding of the earthquake warning system in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Tuesday he did not mention the warning system specifically, but noted that the budget “proposes some reductions for agencies that fall within the Interior Subcommittee’s jurisdiction. Those agencies perform important work, so the members of our committee will be faced with making some difficult decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A telephone message seeking comment was left Friday morning at Calvert’s district office in Corona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cd12.org/welcome?splash=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Councilman Mitch Englander \u003c/a>called the funding cuts “a threat to the lives of millions of people in California and beyond.”\u003cbr>\nEnglander’s district includes the epicenter of the deadly 1994 Northridge earthquake that caused billions of dollars in damage to Los Angeles and neighboring areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to earthquakes, seconds matter,” he said in a statement. “A fully deployed early warning system would give time for elevators to shut down, hospitals to turn on backup generators, and people to take cover.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump’s budget proposal would cut federal funding for an earthquake early warning system for California, Oregon and Washington state, a development that seismology experts and some local leaders say would be the end of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The system being developed in conjunction with various universities is intended to provide critical seconds of warning when an earthquake has started and potentially dangerous shaking is imminent, allowing time for people to take cover and to slow or halt such things as critical industrial processes and transportation systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A version of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.shakealert.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ShakeAlert system\u003c/a> has been undergoing testing but still needs to have more seismic sensors installed in Northern California, Oregon and Washington. The proposed funding cuts for the next fiscal year starting Oct. 1 would come from the budget of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Geological Survey\u003c/a>, a bureau of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">U.S. Interior Department\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Veteran \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Jones\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">seismologist Lucy Jones\u003c/a>, who recently retired from the U.S. Geological Survey after years of providing earthquake information to the public, said she was deeply disappointed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Eliminating the $10 million (per) year that the government has been spending would stop the program and waste the $23 million that has already been invested,” she said in a statement. “The talented scientists and technicians that are working on the project now will go to other jobs, so their experience and expertise would be lost.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. \u003ca href=\"https://schiff.house.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adam Schiff\u003c/a>, a Los Angeles-area Democrat, said in a Facebook post that the system should not be stopped just as it is being expanded after years of work to educate the public and Congress on its benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Support for the early warning system in Congress is sustained, growing and bipartisan, and we will not accept this attempt by the president to cut a vital funding stream for a program that will protect life, property and critical infrastructure,” Schiff wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. \u003ca href=\"https://calvert.house.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ken Calvert\u003c/a>, a Republican who represents an inland Southern California district, is chairman of the Appropriations Subcommittee on the Interior and the Environment and has supported funding of the earthquake warning system in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Tuesday he did not mention the warning system specifically, but noted that the budget “proposes some reductions for agencies that fall within the Interior Subcommittee’s jurisdiction. Those agencies perform important work, so the members of our committee will be faced with making some difficult decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A telephone message seeking comment was left Friday morning at Calvert’s district office in Corona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cd12.org/welcome?splash=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Councilman Mitch Englander \u003c/a>called the funding cuts “a threat to the lives of millions of people in California and beyond.”\u003cbr>\nEnglander’s district includes the epicenter of the deadly 1994 Northridge earthquake that caused billions of dollars in damage to Los Angeles and neighboring areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When it comes to earthquakes, seconds matter,” he said in a statement. “A fully deployed early warning system would give time for elevators to shut down, hospitals to turn on backup generators, and people to take cover.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "State Democrats Have New Leverage in Effort to Curb Greenhouse Gases",
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"content": "\u003cp>When Democratic lawmakers and Gov. Jerry Brown launched California last year \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/23/tougher-greenhouse-gas-emission-limits-move-forward-in-legislature/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">toward a new goal\u003c/a> of reducing greenhouse gases, they did so without addressing one of the state's key mechanisms for reaching the goal: the cap-and-trade program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By taking that first step of setting climate change reduction benchmarks, Democrats pushing for tougher environmental regulations now have leverage over businesses in determining how the state will reach its ambitious goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’m sort of working backwards,\" said Sen. Bob Wieckowski (D-Fremont), who is carrying \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB775\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SB 775\u003c/a>, a cap-and-trade extension bill. \"We said here are our targets. But now we really have to figure what to do on a year-to-year basis to make sure we meet that goal that we set. And the world is watching us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's current cap-and-trade program -- a market-based system in which companies purchase permits that allow them to pollute -- expires in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Sot4E0RV4fGlNdyzRrtTSZObBzCx8JgX\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts contend that cap and trade \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/09/26/10-years-in-has-californias-climate-law-really-lowered-emissions/\">wasn't the most vital initiative\u003c/a> in helping California achieve its current greenhouse gas targets, which mandate the state reduce emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2020. Instead, slow economic growth and new fuel and energy standards largely helped the state meet that goal. Questions remain as to whether cap and trade can assume such a supporting role going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The state’s goal for 2030 is really bold and ambitious,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/directory/michael-wara/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Michael Wara\u003c/a>, an associate professor at Stanford Law School who is advising legislators on cap and trade. \"Emissions reductions are going to be a little bit harder to achieve, because we can’t rely on unemployment and reduced income driving reductions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new goals outlined in last year's landmark climate change law, SB 32, are pushing lawmakers to make the cap-and-trade system tougher on emissions. Having those goals set in place also gives environmentalists the upper hand. If lawmakers can't agree on a way to extend the market-based system, the state could place costly mandates on companies to cut emissions, even if it results in the closure of factories or refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Command and control is the ultimate hammer. It’s a threat but there has to be some reality to the discussion.'\u003ccite>Loren Kaye, president of the California Foundation for Commerce and Education\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That alternative is called command and control, and is vehemently opposed by business groups like the California Chamber of Commerce and the Western States Petroleum Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Command and control is the ultimate hammer. It’s a threat but there has to be some reality to the discussion,\" said Loren Kaye, president of the California Foundation for Commerce and Education, a think tank affiliated with the California Chamber of Commerce. \"Does it mean there’s going to be no more open-grill cooking in California?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers acknowledge the high cost that command and control could place on businesses and consumers. But they're using the possibility as cover to propose significant changes to the current cap-and-trade program after 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have to realize that if nothing happens, it’s command and control,\" said Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia (D-Downey), who is pushing her own cap-and-trade bill in the Assembly. \"It is something [business groups] forget but I haven’t forgot when I’m in the room negotiating.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wieckowski's bill in the Senate would raise the minimum price, or floor, of emission allowances that companies must buy to $20 per metric ton, up from the current price of around $13.50. The hope is that the higher prices push companies to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases they emit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"EZ320oGk3gEoJVXuwV70L5HRQIZCbyt6\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would also end the business-friendly practice of offsets, in which companies can fund environmental projects around the country in exchange for the ability to pollute in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There has been some concern from the environmental justice community that these are not helping out the neighborhood,\" said Wieckowski.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia is pushing for a greater focus on addressing local clean air goals through cap and trade. One provision of her bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB378\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AB 378,\u003c/a> would penalize businesses if they don't reduce particulate matter in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think where cap and trade has failed is we’ve done a great job of being global leaders, but we’ve done a poor job of helping our backyard,\" Garcia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Business groups have come out against the bill, arguing its focus on clean air will prove costly. Kaye, who represents business interests, says it treats an actual cap-and-trade extension as an \"afterthought.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia's environmental justice focus on cap and trade is resonating. This week, Gov. Jerry Brown joined Garcia for a tour of her district, which includes cities along Interstate 5 southeast of Los Angeles like Downey, Bell Gardens and Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/AsmGarcia/status/867123969140285441\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I live five blocks from the freeway, one of the heaviest corridors that we have in California,\" Garcia said. \"Bell Gardens and Commerce are among the 5 percent most polluted cities in the state, so it’s personal now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor still disagrees with Garcia and Assembly Democrats over how many votes will be necessary to extend the cap-and-trade program. Brown's administration has been adamant that an extension should be approved on a two-thirds vote, to end an ongoing legal debate about how cap-and-trade revenues are raised and spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NancyEMcFadden/status/865358257145102336\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia said \"the courts are telling us it can\" proceed with a simple majority vote, referring to a recent state appeals court decision protecting the current cap-and-trade program. It's a sticking point that would have to be resolved in short order to meet the governor's desire to get a cap-and-trade deal in place next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a deadline that he would like, but it’s a self-imposed deadline,\" said Garcia. \"He’s not the king of California. We have different groups, including the Legislature, that get to decide whether or not the deadline is necessary. And in reality it’s not necessary.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When Democratic lawmakers and Gov. Jerry Brown launched California last year \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/23/tougher-greenhouse-gas-emission-limits-move-forward-in-legislature/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">toward a new goal\u003c/a> of reducing greenhouse gases, they did so without addressing one of the state's key mechanisms for reaching the goal: the cap-and-trade program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By taking that first step of setting climate change reduction benchmarks, Democrats pushing for tougher environmental regulations now have leverage over businesses in determining how the state will reach its ambitious goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I’m sort of working backwards,\" said Sen. Bob Wieckowski (D-Fremont), who is carrying \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB775\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SB 775\u003c/a>, a cap-and-trade extension bill. \"We said here are our targets. But now we really have to figure what to do on a year-to-year basis to make sure we meet that goal that we set. And the world is watching us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California's current cap-and-trade program -- a market-based system in which companies purchase permits that allow them to pollute -- expires in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts contend that cap and trade \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/09/26/10-years-in-has-californias-climate-law-really-lowered-emissions/\">wasn't the most vital initiative\u003c/a> in helping California achieve its current greenhouse gas targets, which mandate the state reduce emissions to 1990 levels by the year 2020. Instead, slow economic growth and new fuel and energy standards largely helped the state meet that goal. Questions remain as to whether cap and trade can assume such a supporting role going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The state’s goal for 2030 is really bold and ambitious,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/directory/michael-wara/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Michael Wara\u003c/a>, an associate professor at Stanford Law School who is advising legislators on cap and trade. \"Emissions reductions are going to be a little bit harder to achieve, because we can’t rely on unemployment and reduced income driving reductions.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new goals outlined in last year's landmark climate change law, SB 32, are pushing lawmakers to make the cap-and-trade system tougher on emissions. Having those goals set in place also gives environmentalists the upper hand. If lawmakers can't agree on a way to extend the market-based system, the state could place costly mandates on companies to cut emissions, even if it results in the closure of factories or refineries.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Command and control is the ultimate hammer. It’s a threat but there has to be some reality to the discussion.'\u003ccite>Loren Kaye, president of the California Foundation for Commerce and Education\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That alternative is called command and control, and is vehemently opposed by business groups like the California Chamber of Commerce and the Western States Petroleum Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Command and control is the ultimate hammer. It’s a threat but there has to be some reality to the discussion,\" said Loren Kaye, president of the California Foundation for Commerce and Education, a think tank affiliated with the California Chamber of Commerce. \"Does it mean there’s going to be no more open-grill cooking in California?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers acknowledge the high cost that command and control could place on businesses and consumers. But they're using the possibility as cover to propose significant changes to the current cap-and-trade program after 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have to realize that if nothing happens, it’s command and control,\" said Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia (D-Downey), who is pushing her own cap-and-trade bill in the Assembly. \"It is something [business groups] forget but I haven’t forgot when I’m in the room negotiating.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wieckowski's bill in the Senate would raise the minimum price, or floor, of emission allowances that companies must buy to $20 per metric ton, up from the current price of around $13.50. The hope is that the higher prices push companies to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases they emit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would also end the business-friendly practice of offsets, in which companies can fund environmental projects around the country in exchange for the ability to pollute in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There has been some concern from the environmental justice community that these are not helping out the neighborhood,\" said Wieckowski.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia is pushing for a greater focus on addressing local clean air goals through cap and trade. One provision of her bill, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB378\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AB 378,\u003c/a> would penalize businesses if they don't reduce particulate matter in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think where cap and trade has failed is we’ve done a great job of being global leaders, but we’ve done a poor job of helping our backyard,\" Garcia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Business groups have come out against the bill, arguing its focus on clean air will prove costly. Kaye, who represents business interests, says it treats an actual cap-and-trade extension as an \"afterthought.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia's environmental justice focus on cap and trade is resonating. This week, Gov. Jerry Brown joined Garcia for a tour of her district, which includes cities along Interstate 5 southeast of Los Angeles like Downey, Bell Gardens and Commerce.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\"I live five blocks from the freeway, one of the heaviest corridors that we have in California,\" Garcia said. \"Bell Gardens and Commerce are among the 5 percent most polluted cities in the state, so it’s personal now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor still disagrees with Garcia and Assembly Democrats over how many votes will be necessary to extend the cap-and-trade program. Brown's administration has been adamant that an extension should be approved on a two-thirds vote, to end an ongoing legal debate about how cap-and-trade revenues are raised and spent.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Garcia said \"the courts are telling us it can\" proceed with a simple majority vote, referring to a recent state appeals court decision protecting the current cap-and-trade program. It's a sticking point that would have to be resolved in short order to meet the governor's desire to get a cap-and-trade deal in place next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a deadline that he would like, but it’s a self-imposed deadline,\" said Garcia. \"He’s not the king of California. We have different groups, including the Legislature, that get to decide whether or not the deadline is necessary. And in reality it’s not necessary.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown was optimistic about the state of climate change policy at a San Francisco conference on Wednesday, saying he was glad to see President Trump meet with Pope Francis this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pope Francis has been outspoken about the issue of climate change, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/05/24/pope-francis-presents-trump-with-a-politically-loaded-gift-his-encyclical-on-climate-change/?utm_term=.4bcd5941aafb\">gave Trump his nearly 200-page encyclical on the issue\u003c/a> at their Vatican meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s very good that the pope met with President Trump and very good that President Trump met with him. ... Don't underestimate the power of the Holy Father. I think that has effect,\" Brown told reporters before speaking to a group of Dutch and Californian public workers and business leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"MFdU8FibLbOIiWl2hAgstNPSvwXKezuz\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor said that despite Trump's rhetoric around climate change, \"I don't think President Donald Trump will want to stand aside as this climate story unfolds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown noted the president's shifting views on NATO and other issues since he took office. Trump is \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/05/24/donald-trump-paris-climate-decision-238770\">expected to make a decision on whether the U.S. will stay\u003c/a> in the groundbreaking Paris climate treaty when he returns from his overseas trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am cautiously optimistic that we’re going to make progress -- not as fast as I would like but not as disastrous as we were thinking just a few months ago,\" Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor appeared at the conference \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.climateisbigbusiness.com/home/default.aspx\">Climate is Big Business\u003c/a>,\" which is part of a Netherlands climate mission to California. The two-day event was co-hosted by the California Environmental Protection Agency and the Dutch government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"dixTukuEPCcdOsMISsyCddjJShWJ8Oqh\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appearance came about a week before Brown is set to leave for a larger climate change event in China. That country has emerged as a leader and key partner in the climate change fight as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/23/us/california-engages-world-and-fights-washington-on-climate-change.html?_r=0\">Brown continues to push ambitious anti-pollution and clean energy programs\u003c/a>, even as the federal government backs away from such commitments under Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a speech to the group, Brown boasted that California has built up expertise in its environmental agencies that are \"more numerous and coherent\" than the federal government's, and took one dig at Republicans in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you can sense and see what's up ahead early enough, then the action you take will be easier to manage and a lot cheaper,\" Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no free lunch here and no escape. If we dawdle along and the Congress doesn't do what it should do and the president doesn't take the action, probably they'll be thrown out in two years or four years or whatever it will take, but then we will have to spend more money.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "At a San Francisco climate change conference Wednesday, Gov. Jerry Brown said he’s ‘cautiously optimistic that we’re going to make progress.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown was optimistic about the state of climate change policy at a San Francisco conference on Wednesday, saying he was glad to see President Trump meet with Pope Francis this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pope Francis has been outspoken about the issue of climate change, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/05/24/pope-francis-presents-trump-with-a-politically-loaded-gift-his-encyclical-on-climate-change/?utm_term=.4bcd5941aafb\">gave Trump his nearly 200-page encyclical on the issue\u003c/a> at their Vatican meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s very good that the pope met with President Trump and very good that President Trump met with him. ... Don't underestimate the power of the Holy Father. I think that has effect,\" Brown told reporters before speaking to a group of Dutch and Californian public workers and business leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor said that despite Trump's rhetoric around climate change, \"I don't think President Donald Trump will want to stand aside as this climate story unfolds.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown noted the president's shifting views on NATO and other issues since he took office. Trump is \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/05/24/donald-trump-paris-climate-decision-238770\">expected to make a decision on whether the U.S. will stay\u003c/a> in the groundbreaking Paris climate treaty when he returns from his overseas trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am cautiously optimistic that we’re going to make progress -- not as fast as I would like but not as disastrous as we were thinking just a few months ago,\" Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor appeared at the conference \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.climateisbigbusiness.com/home/default.aspx\">Climate is Big Business\u003c/a>,\" which is part of a Netherlands climate mission to California. The two-day event was co-hosted by the California Environmental Protection Agency and the Dutch government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appearance came about a week before Brown is set to leave for a larger climate change event in China. That country has emerged as a leader and key partner in the climate change fight as \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/23/us/california-engages-world-and-fights-washington-on-climate-change.html?_r=0\">Brown continues to push ambitious anti-pollution and clean energy programs\u003c/a>, even as the federal government backs away from such commitments under Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a speech to the group, Brown boasted that California has built up expertise in its environmental agencies that are \"more numerous and coherent\" than the federal government's, and took one dig at Republicans in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you can sense and see what's up ahead early enough, then the action you take will be easier to manage and a lot cheaper,\" Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no free lunch here and no escape. If we dawdle along and the Congress doesn't do what it should do and the president doesn't take the action, probably they'll be thrown out in two years or four years or whatever it will take, but then we will have to spend more money.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How the Biggest Animal on Earth Got So Big",
"title": "How the Biggest Animal on Earth Got So Big",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Whales are the largest animals on the planet, but they haven't always been giants. Fossil records show that ancient whales were much smaller than the currently living behemoths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when did whales get so big, and how?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new study suggests it might be due to changes in climate that affected the food that some whales eat: krill and small fish. Instead of being spread throughout the ocean, lots of krill started being packed into a small area. Bigger whales were simply more efficient at eating the dense pockets of krill, and they beat out their smaller cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These whales use filters to feed on the tiny krill. Known as baleens, they include the largest whale on Earth — the blue whale. The baleen filter looks like bristles of a comb and is made up of keratin — the same stuff in our fingernails. To eat, the whale opens its mouth and takes in a huge gulp of water. Then it spits the water back out, and food like krill are caught in the baleen filter. It's a highly efficient way to eat, allowing whales to pack on the pounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Stanford University researcher \u003ca href=\"http://goldbogen.stanford.edu/people/\">Jeremy Goldbogen\u003c/a>, it can't be the only reason whales got so big. \"Baleen evolved about 20 million years ago, and we didn't see the evolution of gigantism until about very recently, about 3 million to 5 million years ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/529505847/529804700\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldbogen's group looked back to see what was happening in the ancient oceans, and if there were any clues about what caused the massive growth spurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that around the time baleens began growing larger, the ice ages started. The researchers think changes in climate led to increased runoff and more nutrients pouring into the coasts. At the same time, there was an increase in ocean \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/upwelling.html\">upwelling\u003c/a>, which occurs when wind pushes surface waters offshore and causes deeper ocean waters underneath surface waters to replace it. Those deep waters are often full of nutrients and food for the whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The combination of the ice ages and more upwelling resulted in dense patches of food in the ocean — setting the stage for massive whales to win out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11475453\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11475453\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/upwelling_custom-4876c5f79aa32af72ea50670b7ad192f33be9115-800x313.jpg\" alt='During upwelling, wind-displaced surface waters are replaced by cold, nutrient-rich water that \"wells up\" from below.' width=\"800\" height=\"313\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/upwelling_custom-4876c5f79aa32af72ea50670b7ad192f33be9115-800x313.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/upwelling_custom-4876c5f79aa32af72ea50670b7ad192f33be9115-160x63.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/upwelling_custom-4876c5f79aa32af72ea50670b7ad192f33be9115.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/upwelling_custom-4876c5f79aa32af72ea50670b7ad192f33be9115-240x94.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/upwelling_custom-4876c5f79aa32af72ea50670b7ad192f33be9115-375x147.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/upwelling_custom-4876c5f79aa32af72ea50670b7ad192f33be9115-520x204.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During upwelling, wind-displaced surface waters are replaced by cold, nutrient-rich water that \"wells up\" from below. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"As animals are getting bigger, they're getting much more efficient. So for every gulp, they're getting tremendous amounts of energy\" Goldbogen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about it this way: It takes a lot of energy for a giant whale to open its giant mouth. If a lot of food is packed into a small space, those whales can swallow it up in one big gulp and it's worth all the energy it takes. But if the food is spread out and the whales have to swim around opening and closing their mouths a lot — then it's not great to be a big ol' whale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So big whales are more efficient at eating the dense patches of food, while smaller whales might be more suited to eating food dispersed throughout the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes in the ocean also allowed whales to get really big, really fast. The researchers \u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0546\">reported\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Royal Society B \u003c/em>on Tuesday that the whales increased in body mass from 10 tons to 100 tons in just a few million years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"CfS5eSxdylyQtPKjztG9pbptFui3yNrB\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it's hard to draw a direct connection between whale size and ocean dynamics 3 million years ago, other studies support the hypothesis. \"There are cases where food limitation or food production can basically control body size changes on very short time scales,\" Goldbogen says, referring to a 2013 study published in the \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/70/6/1273/637166/Evidence-for-density-dependent-changes-in-body\">ICES Journal of Marine Science\u003c/a>. Therefore, \"the inference here is that if you have enough food available and very, very efficient animals, that perhaps they can evolve larger and larger body sizes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldbogen is more than a little excited to be studying these ocean giants. \"We're totally living in a time of giants. Unlike no other time in Earth's history\" he says. \"We have a unique opportunity to study how the largest animals of all time function in these different ecosystems, and that's a lot of fun.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldbogen thinks the next question is: \"Are whales still getting bigger? If we fast-forward a few million years into the future if food is not limiting, can they evolve even greater body sizes?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We'll have to wait to find out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+The+Biggest+Animal+On+Earth+Got+So+Big&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Whales are the largest animals on the planet, but they haven't always been giants. Fossil records show that ancient whales were much smaller than the currently living behemoths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when did whales get so big, and how?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new study suggests it might be due to changes in climate that affected the food that some whales eat: krill and small fish. Instead of being spread throughout the ocean, lots of krill started being packed into a small area. Bigger whales were simply more efficient at eating the dense pockets of krill, and they beat out their smaller cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These whales use filters to feed on the tiny krill. Known as baleens, they include the largest whale on Earth — the blue whale. The baleen filter looks like bristles of a comb and is made up of keratin — the same stuff in our fingernails. To eat, the whale opens its mouth and takes in a huge gulp of water. Then it spits the water back out, and food like krill are caught in the baleen filter. It's a highly efficient way to eat, allowing whales to pack on the pounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Stanford University researcher \u003ca href=\"http://goldbogen.stanford.edu/people/\">Jeremy Goldbogen\u003c/a>, it can't be the only reason whales got so big. \"Baleen evolved about 20 million years ago, and we didn't see the evolution of gigantism until about very recently, about 3 million to 5 million years ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/529505847/529804700\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldbogen's group looked back to see what was happening in the ancient oceans, and if there were any clues about what caused the massive growth spurt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that around the time baleens began growing larger, the ice ages started. The researchers think changes in climate led to increased runoff and more nutrients pouring into the coasts. At the same time, there was an increase in ocean \u003ca href=\"http://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/upwelling.html\">upwelling\u003c/a>, which occurs when wind pushes surface waters offshore and causes deeper ocean waters underneath surface waters to replace it. Those deep waters are often full of nutrients and food for the whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The combination of the ice ages and more upwelling resulted in dense patches of food in the ocean — setting the stage for massive whales to win out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11475453\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11475453\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/upwelling_custom-4876c5f79aa32af72ea50670b7ad192f33be9115-800x313.jpg\" alt='During upwelling, wind-displaced surface waters are replaced by cold, nutrient-rich water that \"wells up\" from below.' width=\"800\" height=\"313\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/upwelling_custom-4876c5f79aa32af72ea50670b7ad192f33be9115-800x313.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/upwelling_custom-4876c5f79aa32af72ea50670b7ad192f33be9115-160x63.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/upwelling_custom-4876c5f79aa32af72ea50670b7ad192f33be9115.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/upwelling_custom-4876c5f79aa32af72ea50670b7ad192f33be9115-240x94.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/upwelling_custom-4876c5f79aa32af72ea50670b7ad192f33be9115-375x147.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/upwelling_custom-4876c5f79aa32af72ea50670b7ad192f33be9115-520x204.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">During upwelling, wind-displaced surface waters are replaced by cold, nutrient-rich water that \"wells up\" from below. \u003ccite>(NOAA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"As animals are getting bigger, they're getting much more efficient. So for every gulp, they're getting tremendous amounts of energy\" Goldbogen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think about it this way: It takes a lot of energy for a giant whale to open its giant mouth. If a lot of food is packed into a small space, those whales can swallow it up in one big gulp and it's worth all the energy it takes. But if the food is spread out and the whales have to swim around opening and closing their mouths a lot — then it's not great to be a big ol' whale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So big whales are more efficient at eating the dense patches of food, while smaller whales might be more suited to eating food dispersed throughout the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes in the ocean also allowed whales to get really big, really fast. The researchers \u003ca href=\"http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.0546\">reported\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Royal Society B \u003c/em>on Tuesday that the whales increased in body mass from 10 tons to 100 tons in just a few million years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although it's hard to draw a direct connection between whale size and ocean dynamics 3 million years ago, other studies support the hypothesis. \"There are cases where food limitation or food production can basically control body size changes on very short time scales,\" Goldbogen says, referring to a 2013 study published in the \u003ca href=\"https://academic.oup.com/icesjms/article/70/6/1273/637166/Evidence-for-density-dependent-changes-in-body\">ICES Journal of Marine Science\u003c/a>. Therefore, \"the inference here is that if you have enough food available and very, very efficient animals, that perhaps they can evolve larger and larger body sizes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldbogen is more than a little excited to be studying these ocean giants. \"We're totally living in a time of giants. Unlike no other time in Earth's history\" he says. \"We have a unique opportunity to study how the largest animals of all time function in these different ecosystems, and that's a lot of fun.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldbogen thinks the next question is: \"Are whales still getting bigger? If we fast-forward a few million years into the future if food is not limiting, can they evolve even greater body sizes?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We'll have to wait to find out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+The+Biggest+Animal+On+Earth+Got+So+Big&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Understaffed S.F. 911 Dispatch Center to Get Computer Help, Additional Hires",
"title": "Understaffed S.F. 911 Dispatch Center to Get Computer Help, Additional Hires",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco emergency officials, who have been scrambling to respond to an increasing number of calls to the city's 911 dispatch center, plan to roll out new technology in the coming weeks that aims to improve ambulance response times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center's staffing problems have been known for some time, but they were highlighted during the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/21/significant-power-outages-in-san-francisco-impacting-transit/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">massive power outage\u003c/a> that took away electricity from around 90,000 PG&E customers on April 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That morning there were a dozen call-takers on duty. The Department of Emergency Management has acknowledged that it was not enough for the center to answer calls quickly enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under pressure to respond faster to an increase in call volume, the agency is hiring more dispatchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, during Wednesday's Fire Commission meeting, a top emergency official plans to unveil a new computer program that will help dispatchers send the closest medics to emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The computer system will calculate which ambulance is closest and the approximate travel time, and allow us to always send the closest unit,\" said Rob Smuts, deputy director of the Department of Emergency Management, in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11473971\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11473971\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684-800x536.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684-800x536.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684-960x644.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684-240x161.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684-375x251.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684-520x349.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Fire Department crews stand outside an electric substation where a fire occurred and might have caused the the power outage on April 21, 2017. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently a 911 dispatcher in San Francisco uses a map that shows the location of ambulances and a system that recommends an ambulance for a medical incident. But that system, known as a computer-aided dispatch (CAD), relies on where a medic reports for duty over a radio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department plans to start using technology that specifies exactly where an ambulance is, based on its GPS location. The new technology, known as a Mobile Area Routing and Vehicle Location Information System (MARVLIS), also uses Fire Department data to calculate how long it will take for an ambulance to respond to an incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is currently testing the technology and plans to roll it out in the next few weeks, Smuts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is expected to face questions from at least one member of the Fire Commission concerned about how the agency is working to make improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Seconds matter when you're calling for a firefighter or EMS,\" said Commissioner Joe Alioto Veronese, who requested Smuts to appear on Wednesday after seeing reports of staffing problems at the 911 center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The staffing issue prompted a \u003ca href=\"http://abc7news.com/news/officials-working-to-properly-staff-sf-911-dispatch-center/1952861/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">call for a supervisors hearing\u003c/a>. Earlier this month the San Francisco Examiner reported that \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/mayor-lee-vows-solve-911-response-failures-two-months/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mayor Ed Lee promised\u003c/a> that the city would meet the national standard of answering 90 percent of emergency calls within 10 seconds within the next two months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the San Francisco Chronicle recently reported that when \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/Homeless-man-s-death-highlights-staff-shortages-11095772.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a man suffered cardiac arrest\u003c/a> and collapsed at a local church last month, several people called 911, but the phone kept ringing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a lot of questions that I want to ask,\" Veronese said. \"The primary goal is to see if we can be better at response times.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco receives more than 1.2 million emergency and non-emergency calls per year, according to Department of Emergency Management spokesman Francis Zamora. That's an average of more than 3,400 calls per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2011, the agency has experienced a 37 percent increase in call volume. \"That means our dispatchers are answering 1,000 more calls a day than they did six years ago,\" Zamora said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department blames San Francisco's growing population and the increasing popularity of smartphones for the increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year the agency hired 23 new dispatchers. Altogether, the department currently has 125. Smuts plans to tell the commission that it is training 40 more to add to its ranks.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco emergency officials, who have been scrambling to respond to an increasing number of calls to the city's 911 dispatch center, plan to roll out new technology in the coming weeks that aims to improve ambulance response times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center's staffing problems have been known for some time, but they were highlighted during the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/21/significant-power-outages-in-san-francisco-impacting-transit/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">massive power outage\u003c/a> that took away electricity from around 90,000 PG&E customers on April 21.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That morning there were a dozen call-takers on duty. The Department of Emergency Management has acknowledged that it was not enough for the center to answer calls quickly enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under pressure to respond faster to an increase in call volume, the agency is hiring more dispatchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, during Wednesday's Fire Commission meeting, a top emergency official plans to unveil a new computer program that will help dispatchers send the closest medics to emergencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The computer system will calculate which ambulance is closest and the approximate travel time, and allow us to always send the closest unit,\" said Rob Smuts, deputy director of the Department of Emergency Management, in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11473971\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11473971\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684-800x536.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684-800x536.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684-960x644.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684-240x161.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684-375x251.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-671214366-1020x684-520x349.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Fire Department crews stand outside an electric substation where a fire occurred and might have caused the the power outage on April 21, 2017. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently a 911 dispatcher in San Francisco uses a map that shows the location of ambulances and a system that recommends an ambulance for a medical incident. But that system, known as a computer-aided dispatch (CAD), relies on where a medic reports for duty over a radio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department plans to start using technology that specifies exactly where an ambulance is, based on its GPS location. The new technology, known as a Mobile Area Routing and Vehicle Location Information System (MARVLIS), also uses Fire Department data to calculate how long it will take for an ambulance to respond to an incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency is currently testing the technology and plans to roll it out in the next few weeks, Smuts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is expected to face questions from at least one member of the Fire Commission concerned about how the agency is working to make improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Seconds matter when you're calling for a firefighter or EMS,\" said Commissioner Joe Alioto Veronese, who requested Smuts to appear on Wednesday after seeing reports of staffing problems at the 911 center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The staffing issue prompted a \u003ca href=\"http://abc7news.com/news/officials-working-to-properly-staff-sf-911-dispatch-center/1952861/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">call for a supervisors hearing\u003c/a>. Earlier this month the San Francisco Examiner reported that \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/mayor-lee-vows-solve-911-response-failures-two-months/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mayor Ed Lee promised\u003c/a> that the city would meet the national standard of answering 90 percent of emergency calls within 10 seconds within the next two months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the San Francisco Chronicle recently reported that when \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/Homeless-man-s-death-highlights-staff-shortages-11095772.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a man suffered cardiac arrest\u003c/a> and collapsed at a local church last month, several people called 911, but the phone kept ringing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a lot of questions that I want to ask,\" Veronese said. \"The primary goal is to see if we can be better at response times.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco receives more than 1.2 million emergency and non-emergency calls per year, according to Department of Emergency Management spokesman Francis Zamora. That's an average of more than 3,400 calls per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 2011, the agency has experienced a 37 percent increase in call volume. \"That means our dispatchers are answering 1,000 more calls a day than they did six years ago,\" Zamora said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department blames San Francisco's growing population and the increasing popularity of smartphones for the increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year the agency hired 23 new dispatchers. Altogether, the department currently has 125. Smuts plans to tell the commission that it is training 40 more to add to its ranks.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'Like a God,' Google AI Beats Human Champ of Notoriously Complex 'Go' Game",
"title": "'Like a God,' Google AI Beats Human Champ of Notoriously Complex 'Go' Game",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>In the first of three matches with the world's No. 1 Go player, a Google artificial intelligence program claimed victory Tuesday. It won the round by just a fraction of a point in Wuzhen, China, but the win was enough to leave its grandmaster opponent impressed and thoroughly confounded by the result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, after Google's AlphaGo \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/12/470193083/going-going-gone-master-go-player-loses-best-of-5-match-with-a-i\">dispatched a human grandmaster\u003c/a> in the notoriously complex board game for the first time, 19-year-old Ke Jie expressed confidence he wouldn't share the same fate, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/23/business/google-deepmind-alphago-go-champion-defeat.html?_r=0\">according to The New York Times\u003c/a>. After all, Ke had defeated Lee Sedol \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiukaSmq4bUAhXD8CYKHYbTDYkQFggoMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgogameguru.com%2F2nd-mlily-cup-final%2F&usg=AFQjCNFacMG2nd7GGQuRLtpj2p0HA_ITxg&sig2=lNu9EAzEwzWG9NgLqYeLjA\">several times\u003c/a> before himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the match's end Tuesday, Ke felt markedly different about his inhuman competitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Last year, it was still quite humanlike when it played,\" Ke said. \"But this year, it became like a god of Go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-HL5nppBnM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His statement feels rather apt considering that, like a god, AlphaGo is its own greatest instructor. Last year, NPR's Geoff Brumfiel \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/08/469638745/how-googles-neural-network-hopes-to-beat-a-go-world-champion\">broke down the basics\u003c/a> of the program developed by Google's DeepMind lab:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It started by studying a database of about 100,000 human matches, and then continued by playing against itself millions of times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As it went, it reprogrammed itself and improved. This type of self-learning program is known as a neural network, and it's based on theories of how the human brain works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"AlphaGo consists of two neural networks: The first tries to figure out the best move to play each turn, and the second evaluates who is winning the match overall.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>DeepMind has only further developed the architecture of the program since it defeated Lee last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also like a god, AlphaGo has been demonstrating its influence far and wide among the game's top players — including Ke, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2017/05/revamped-alphago-wins-first-game-chinese-go-grandmaster/\">Wired notes\u003c/a> adopted some tactics from AlphaGo. The program played many of the world's top players under the pseudonym \"Master\" in online matches earlier this year, according to the magazine, and its unorthodox playing style affected Ke's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"zheGSSUw3Jql409pa4yeLX1CSImXFvfc\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://blog.google/topics/machine-learning/alphago-machine-learning-game-go/\">blog post last year\u003c/a>, DeepMind CEO and co-founder Demis Hassabis explained what attracted his lab to the ancient game of Go, which has been around at least since the days of Confucius:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"[A]s simple as the rules are, Go is a game of profound complexity. There are more possible positions than the number of atoms in the universe, and more than a googol times larger than chess.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It doesn't hurt that the game originated -- and remains very popular -- in China, with which Google has shared a fraught relationship. Roughly seven years ago, the California-based tech giant \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/07/22/125028043/google-to-shift-chinese-users-to-hong-kong\">pulled out of the country\u003c/a>, citing discomfort with Chinese censorship requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-science-intelligence-go-idUSKBN18J0PE\">Reuters reports\u003c/a> that Eric Schmidt, chief of Google parent Alphabet, watched the match in person in China, the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em> notes that \"there was no obvious live video of the event\" available to viewers on the Chinese mainland. Chinese officials don't allow access to Google-owned YouTube, where the match was live-streamed, or Google search.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Google continues to have designs on the massive Chinese market, announcing recently that it intends to bring some of its products back to China, according to Reuters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, though, skittish onlookers watching the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgo.org/news/2017/05/alphago-ke-jie-match-schedule-released/\">next two matches\u003c/a> between Ke and AlphaGo on Thursday and Saturday might do well to remember Geoff's reassurance: \"This program will not lead to a dystopian future in which humanity is enslaved by killer robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At least not for a few more years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27Like+A+God%2C%27+Google+A.I.+Beats+Human+Champ+Of+Notoriously+Complex+%27Go%27+Game&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "'Last year, it was still quite humanlike when it played,' the world's No. 1 Go player, Ke Jie, said after losing the first of a three-match series. 'But this year, it became like a god of Go.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the first of three matches with the world's No. 1 Go player, a Google artificial intelligence program claimed victory Tuesday. It won the round by just a fraction of a point in Wuzhen, China, but the win was enough to leave its grandmaster opponent impressed and thoroughly confounded by the result.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, after Google's AlphaGo \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/12/470193083/going-going-gone-master-go-player-loses-best-of-5-match-with-a-i\">dispatched a human grandmaster\u003c/a> in the notoriously complex board game for the first time, 19-year-old Ke Jie expressed confidence he wouldn't share the same fate, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/23/business/google-deepmind-alphago-go-champion-defeat.html?_r=0\">according to The New York Times\u003c/a>. After all, Ke had defeated Lee Sedol \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiukaSmq4bUAhXD8CYKHYbTDYkQFggoMAA&url=https%3A%2F%2Fgogameguru.com%2F2nd-mlily-cup-final%2F&usg=AFQjCNFacMG2nd7GGQuRLtpj2p0HA_ITxg&sig2=lNu9EAzEwzWG9NgLqYeLjA\">several times\u003c/a> before himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the match's end Tuesday, Ke felt markedly different about his inhuman competitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Last year, it was still quite humanlike when it played,\" Ke said. \"But this year, it became like a god of Go.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Z-HL5nppBnM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Z-HL5nppBnM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His statement feels rather apt considering that, like a god, AlphaGo is its own greatest instructor. Last year, NPR's Geoff Brumfiel \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/08/469638745/how-googles-neural-network-hopes-to-beat-a-go-world-champion\">broke down the basics\u003c/a> of the program developed by Google's DeepMind lab:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It started by studying a database of about 100,000 human matches, and then continued by playing against itself millions of times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As it went, it reprogrammed itself and improved. This type of self-learning program is known as a neural network, and it's based on theories of how the human brain works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"AlphaGo consists of two neural networks: The first tries to figure out the best move to play each turn, and the second evaluates who is winning the match overall.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>DeepMind has only further developed the architecture of the program since it defeated Lee last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also like a god, AlphaGo has been demonstrating its influence far and wide among the game's top players — including Ke, who \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2017/05/revamped-alphago-wins-first-game-chinese-go-grandmaster/\">Wired notes\u003c/a> adopted some tactics from AlphaGo. The program played many of the world's top players under the pseudonym \"Master\" in online matches earlier this year, according to the magazine, and its unorthodox playing style affected Ke's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://blog.google/topics/machine-learning/alphago-machine-learning-game-go/\">blog post last year\u003c/a>, DeepMind CEO and co-founder Demis Hassabis explained what attracted his lab to the ancient game of Go, which has been around at least since the days of Confucius:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"[A]s simple as the rules are, Go is a game of profound complexity. There are more possible positions than the number of atoms in the universe, and more than a googol times larger than chess.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It doesn't hurt that the game originated -- and remains very popular -- in China, with which Google has shared a fraught relationship. Roughly seven years ago, the California-based tech giant \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/07/22/125028043/google-to-shift-chinese-users-to-hong-kong\">pulled out of the country\u003c/a>, citing discomfort with Chinese censorship requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-science-intelligence-go-idUSKBN18J0PE\">Reuters reports\u003c/a> that Eric Schmidt, chief of Google parent Alphabet, watched the match in person in China, the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em> notes that \"there was no obvious live video of the event\" available to viewers on the Chinese mainland. Chinese officials don't allow access to Google-owned YouTube, where the match was live-streamed, or Google search.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Google continues to have designs on the massive Chinese market, announcing recently that it intends to bring some of its products back to China, according to Reuters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For now, though, skittish onlookers watching the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usgo.org/news/2017/05/alphago-ke-jie-match-schedule-released/\">next two matches\u003c/a> between Ke and AlphaGo on Thursday and Saturday might do well to remember Geoff's reassurance: \"This program will not lead to a dystopian future in which humanity is enslaved by killer robots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At least not for a few more years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%27Like+A+God%2C%27+Google+A.I.+Beats+Human+Champ+Of+Notoriously+Complex+%27Go%27+Game&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Huge Landslide in Big Sur Poses New Challenge for Reopening Highway 1",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A Big Sur mountainside that had been on the move for most of the winter gave way over the weekend in a landslide that locals say is the biggest along the scenic stretch of coast in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slide occurred at Mud Creek, just south of the community of Gorda and 25 miles up Highway 1 from San Simeon. The episode is the latest in a series of highway-closing slope collapses triggered by the extraordinarily wet winter along the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2F1417390841810291%2Fvideos%2F1909412799274757%2F&show_text=0&width=560\" width=\"800\" height=\"420\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before this weekend, the most disruptive of those incidents involved a mudslide that knocked out a bridge \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/search/Big+Sur+Station,+California+1,+Big+Sur,+CA/@36.2420595,-121.7834305,15z/data=!3m1!4b1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">just south of Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park and just north of Big Sur Station\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/03/20/caltrans-highway-1-replacement-bridge-in-big-sur-ready-in-six-months/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Caltrans says\u003c/a> a new bridge will be in place by the end of September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"G7tFQkMK1VShhbbKPgaVMk8ZoB0aRzp7\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The area near Mud Creek, the scene of Saturday evening's massive new landslide, had been troublesome for month. Several different active slides had forced occasional road closures starting in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highway agency says the Saturday slide buried a 1,500-foot section of Highway 1 under 35 to 40 feet of rocks and dirt. The estimated amount of material covering the road: 1 million tons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/CaltransD5/status/866527862278377472\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans says that right now, it has no idea how long it will take to deal with the Mud Creek slide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Monterey Herald's Tommy Wright \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/05/23/massive-landslide-covers-highway-1-in-southern-big-sur/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">got some local perspective\u003c/a> on where the new slide ranks among famous Big Sur earth movements:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Kirk Gafill, president of the Big Sur Chamber of Commerce and Nepenthe Restaurant’s owner and general manager, grew up in Big Sur. Gafill, 55, said the only landslide in the area he can remember that was as big as the one at Mud Creek was in 1983 just north of Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That location was closed for 14 months,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Gafill and [Caltrans spokeswoman Susana] Cruz said it would be conjecture to say how long Highway 1 will remain closed this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gafill’s grandparents founded Nepenthe. He said it can be hard to compare the scale of the two events, but the Mud Creek slide was one of the largest in his lifetime along the Big Sur coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s not the biggest, it’s certainly right up there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cruz said the Mud Creek slide is the biggest she can remember since joining Caltrans in 2001. She said a slide near Mud Creek at Duck Pond during the El Niño winter of 1998 caused major damage.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Mud Creek slide is not the only one currently causing trouble along the coastal highway. Further north, at a point called Paul's Slide, a massive slide has shut the road repeatedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big slides along Highway 1 have forced Caltrans contractors to stage convoys over twisting, narrow \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/place/Nacimiento-Fergusson+Rd,+Big+Sur,+CA+93920/@36.000905,-121.4609372,12z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x809296a8a7f9159b:0x70441b9f4863105b!8m2!3d36.0042336!4d-121.3965642\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nacimiento-Fergusson Road\u003c/a> to get construction supplies and heavy equipment to the Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge site.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A Big Sur mountainside that had been on the move for most of the winter gave way over the weekend in a landslide that locals say is the biggest along the scenic stretch of coast in decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The slide occurred at Mud Creek, just south of the community of Gorda and 25 miles up Highway 1 from San Simeon. The episode is the latest in a series of highway-closing slope collapses triggered by the extraordinarily wet winter along the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2F1417390841810291%2Fvideos%2F1909412799274757%2F&show_text=0&width=560\" width=\"800\" height=\"420\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before this weekend, the most disruptive of those incidents involved a mudslide that knocked out a bridge \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/search/Big+Sur+Station,+California+1,+Big+Sur,+CA/@36.2420595,-121.7834305,15z/data=!3m1!4b1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">just south of Pfeiffer Big Sur State Park and just north of Big Sur Station\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/03/20/caltrans-highway-1-replacement-bridge-in-big-sur-ready-in-six-months/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Caltrans says\u003c/a> a new bridge will be in place by the end of September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Caltrans says that right now, it has no idea how long it will take to deal with the Mud Creek slide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Monterey Herald's Tommy Wright \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2017/05/23/massive-landslide-covers-highway-1-in-southern-big-sur/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">got some local perspective\u003c/a> on where the new slide ranks among famous Big Sur earth movements:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Kirk Gafill, president of the Big Sur Chamber of Commerce and Nepenthe Restaurant’s owner and general manager, grew up in Big Sur. Gafill, 55, said the only landslide in the area he can remember that was as big as the one at Mud Creek was in 1983 just north of Julia Pfeiffer Burns State Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That location was closed for 14 months,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Gafill and [Caltrans spokeswoman Susana] Cruz said it would be conjecture to say how long Highway 1 will remain closed this time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gafill’s grandparents founded Nepenthe. He said it can be hard to compare the scale of the two events, but the Mud Creek slide was one of the largest in his lifetime along the Big Sur coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s not the biggest, it’s certainly right up there,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cruz said the Mud Creek slide is the biggest she can remember since joining Caltrans in 2001. She said a slide near Mud Creek at Duck Pond during the El Niño winter of 1998 caused major damage.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Mud Creek slide is not the only one currently causing trouble along the coastal highway. Further north, at a point called Paul's Slide, a massive slide has shut the road repeatedly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big slides along Highway 1 have forced Caltrans contractors to stage convoys over twisting, narrow \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/maps/place/Nacimiento-Fergusson+Rd,+Big+Sur,+CA+93920/@36.000905,-121.4609372,12z/data=!4m5!3m4!1s0x809296a8a7f9159b:0x70441b9f4863105b!8m2!3d36.0042336!4d-121.3965642\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nacimiento-Fergusson Road\u003c/a> to get construction supplies and heavy equipment to the Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge site.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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