window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"news_11473388": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "news_11473388",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11473388",
"found": true
},
"parent": 11473387,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/21911_lores1_vert-3bef6a6bee367e2141c478e1bf10a6b1745dd168-e1495556463535-520x384.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 384
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/21911_lores1_vert-3bef6a6bee367e2141c478e1bf10a6b1745dd168-564x576.jpg",
"width": 564,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/21911_lores1_vert-3bef6a6bee367e2141c478e1bf10a6b1745dd168-e1495556463535-160x118.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 118
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/21911_lores1_vert-3bef6a6bee367e2141c478e1bf10a6b1745dd168-e1495556463535-560x372.jpg",
"width": 560,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/21911_lores1_vert-3bef6a6bee367e2141c478e1bf10a6b1745dd168-e1495556463535-375x277.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 277
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/21911_lores1_vert-3bef6a6bee367e2141c478e1bf10a6b1745dd168-e1495556463535.jpg",
"width": 560,
"height": 413
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/21911_lores1_vert-3bef6a6bee367e2141c478e1bf10a6b1745dd168-e1495556463535-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/21911_lores1_vert-3bef6a6bee367e2141c478e1bf10a6b1745dd168-e1495556463535-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/21911_lores1_vert-3bef6a6bee367e2141c478e1bf10a6b1745dd168-e1495556463535-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/21911_lores1_vert-3bef6a6bee367e2141c478e1bf10a6b1745dd168-e1495556463535-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/21911_lores1_vert-3bef6a6bee367e2141c478e1bf10a6b1745dd168-e1495556463535-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/21911_lores1_vert-3bef6a6bee367e2141c478e1bf10a6b1745dd168-e1495556463535-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/21911_lores1_vert-3bef6a6bee367e2141c478e1bf10a6b1745dd168-e1495556463535-240x177.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 177
}
},
"publishDate": 1495555596,
"modified": 1495556203,
"caption": "A depiction of Clostridium botulinum, the bacteria that create a deadly toxin. The preformed toxin can be found in home-canned foods and some retail products, such as canned cheese, chili sauces and oil infused with garlic.",
"description": "A depiction of \u003cem>Clostridium botulinum, \u003c/em>the bacteria that create a deadly toxin. The preformed toxin can be found in home-canned foods and some retail products, such as canned cheese, chili sauces and oil infused with garlic.",
"title": "A depiction of Clostridium botulinum, the bacteria that create a deadly toxin. The preformed toxin can be found in home-canned foods and some retail products, such as canned cheese, chili sauces and oil infused with garlic.",
"credit": "Jennifer Oosthuizen/CDC",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"news_11471971": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "news_11471971",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11471971",
"found": true
},
"parent": 11471911,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-960x641.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 641
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1281
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-1020x681.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 681
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-800x534.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 534
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-1920x1281.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1281
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-1920x1281.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1281
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/LucyJones-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1495486650,
"modified": 1495486697,
"caption": "Scientist Lucy Jones speaks to a group of government officials from across Southern California in the desert just north of Palm Springs.",
"description": "Scientist Lucy Jones speaks to a group of government officials from across Southern California in the desert just north of Palm Springs.",
"title": "LucyJones",
"credit": "Jacob Margolis/KPCC",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"news_11467102": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "news_11467102",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11467102",
"found": true
},
"parent": 11463233,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-520x274.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 274
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-160x84.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 84
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-960x507.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 507
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-375x198.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 198
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1013
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-1020x538.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 538
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-1180x623.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 623
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-800x422.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 422
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-1920x1013.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1013
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-1180x623.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 623
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-1920x1013.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1013
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SeyedSadredin-240x127.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 127
}
},
"publishDate": 1495227538,
"modified": 1495243394,
"caption": "Seyed Sadredin, executive director of the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District, testifies at a March 22 congressional subcommittee hearing to delay ozone standards. ",
"description": "Seyed Sadredin, executive director of the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District, testifies at a March 22 Congressional subcommittee hearing to delay ozone standards. ",
"title": "SeyedSadredin",
"credit": "YouTube",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"news_11467030": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "news_11467030",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11467030",
"found": true
},
"parent": 11465076,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-520x343.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 343
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-160x105.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 105
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-960x633.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 633
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-375x247.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 247
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1265
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-1020x672.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 672
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-1180x777.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 777
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-800x527.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 527
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-1920x1265.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1265
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-1180x777.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 777
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-1920x1265.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1265
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBees1920-240x158.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 158
}
},
"publishDate": 1495226910,
"modified": 1495240812,
"caption": "Fresno and Madera County law enforcement officials found $875,000 in stolen bees earlier this week. ",
"description": "Fresno and Madera County law enforcement officials found $875,000 in stolen bees earlier this week. ",
"title": "StolenBees1920",
"credit": "Sgt. Arley Terrence/Fresno County Sheriff's Department",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"news_141513": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "news_141513",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "141513",
"found": true
},
"parent": 141502,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/07/RS9516_Chevron032714-JoshC-5177-lpr-e1478109513540.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280
}
},
"publishDate": 1405024797,
"modified": 1612213302,
"caption": "A section of Chevron’s Richmond oil refinery.",
"description": "A section of Chevron’s Richmond oil refinery. ",
"title": "Richmond-Chevron Refinery",
"credit": "Josh Cassidy/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"altTag": null,
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_14173": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_14173",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "14173",
"found": true
},
"parent": 14151,
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2014/02/chinooksalmon.jpg",
"width": 640,
"height": 360
}
},
"publishDate": 1392251278,
"modified": 1495046424,
"caption": "Juvenile chinook salmon. ",
"description": "Juvenile chinook salmon. ",
"title": null,
"credit": "(Roger Tabor/USFWS)",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1642631": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1642631",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1642631",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1642514,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-520x320.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 320
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-160x98.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 98
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-960x591.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 591
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-375x231.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 231
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366.jpg",
"width": 4800,
"height": 2954
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-1020x628.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 628
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-1180x726.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 726
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-800x492.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 492
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-1920x1182.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1182
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-1180x726.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 726
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-1920x1182.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1182
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-768x473.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 473
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366-240x148.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 148
}
},
"publishDate": 1494962877,
"modified": 1494963069,
"caption": "Aquatic birds congregate at Red Hill Bay along the Salton Sea on November 5, 2015 in Calipatria, Calif., located in Imperial County. ",
"description": "Aquatic birds congregate at Red Hill Bay along the Salton Sea on November 5, 2015 in Calipatria, Calif., located in Imperial County. ",
"title": "FL_Red_Hill_Bay-8366",
"credit": "California Department of Water Resources",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"news_11459627": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "news_11459627",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11459627",
"found": true
},
"parent": 11359487,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-520x308.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 308
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-160x95.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 95
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-960x570.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 570
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-375x222.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 222
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1139
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-1020x605.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 605
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-1180x700.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 700
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-800x475.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 475
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-1920x1139.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1139
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-1180x700.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 700
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-1920x1139.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1139
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SantaSusanaSign-240x142.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 142
}
},
"publishDate": 1494887755,
"modified": 1494887784,
"caption": "Decades of chemical and nuclear contamination pollute the Santa Susana Field Laboratory near Los Angeles.",
"description": "Decades of chemical and nuclear contamination pollute the Santa Susana Field Laboratory near Los Angeles.",
"title": "SantaSusanaSign",
"credit": "William Preston Bowling",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"news_11459349": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "news_11459349",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11459349",
"found": true
},
"parent": 11459247,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BM_Oroville_Flood_2438-3_12_23_1964-520x378.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 378
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BM_Oroville_Flood_2438-3_12_23_1964-800x576.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BM_Oroville_Flood_2438-3_12_23_1964-160x116.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 116
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BM_Oroville_Flood_2438-3_12_23_1964-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BM_Oroville_Flood_2438-3_12_23_1964-375x272.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 272
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BM_Oroville_Flood_2438-3_12_23_1964.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 581
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BM_Oroville_Flood_2438-3_12_23_1964-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BM_Oroville_Flood_2438-3_12_23_1964-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BM_Oroville_Flood_2438-3_12_23_1964-800x581.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 581
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BM_Oroville_Flood_2438-3_12_23_1964-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BM_Oroville_Flood_2438-3_12_23_1964-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BM_Oroville_Flood_2438-3_12_23_1964-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BM_Oroville_Flood_2438-3_12_23_1964-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/BM_Oroville_Flood_2438-3_12_23_1964-240x174.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 174
}
},
"publishDate": 1494876464,
"modified": 1494883209,
"caption": "The Oroville Dam embankment under construction as flood waters from the Feather River tributaries are discharged through the diversion tunnels near the abutment of Hansell's Bridge in Butte County in 1964.",
"description": null,
"title": "BM_Oroville_Flood_2438-3_12_23_1964",
"credit": "California Department of Water Resources",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"news_11454863": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "news_11454863",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11454863",
"found": true
},
"parent": 11454858,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-520x317.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 317
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-160x98.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 98
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-960x586.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 586
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-375x229.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 229
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1171
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-1020x622.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 622
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-1180x720.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-800x488.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 488
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-1920x1171.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1171
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-1180x720.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 720
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-1920x1171.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1171
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/TeslaRoof-240x146.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 146
}
},
"publishDate": 1494642912,
"modified": 1494642947,
"caption": "Tesla's new glass-covered solar roof tiles are designed to look like a traditional roof, doing away with the need for separate solar panels.",
"description": "Tesla's new glass-covered solar roof tiles are designed to look like a traditional roof, doing away with the need for separate solar panels.",
"title": "TeslaRoof",
"credit": "Tesla",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"news_11454445": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "news_11454445",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11454445",
"found": true
},
"parent": 11449039,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-520x287.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 287
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-160x88.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 88
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-960x530.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 530
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-375x207.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 207
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1059
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-1020x563.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 563
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-1180x651.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 651
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-800x441.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 441
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-1920x1059.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1059
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-1180x651.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 651
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-1920x1059.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1059
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/FloatingSolar-240x132.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 132
}
},
"publishDate": 1494624799,
"modified": 1494625272,
"caption": "Pristine Sun installs floating solar panels in wastewater holding ponds and reservoirs in California.",
"description": "Pristine Sun installs floating solar panels in wastewater holding ponds and reservoirs in California.",
"title": "FloatingSolar",
"credit": "David Gorn/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"news_11454546": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "news_11454546",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11454546",
"found": true
},
"parent": 11454524,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-960x641.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 641
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-e1494629796623.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1281
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-1020x681.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 681
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-1180x788.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 788
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-800x534.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 534
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-1920x1281.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1281
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-1180x788.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 788
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-1920x1281.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1281
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GettyImages-642593496-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1494629766,
"modified": 1494633268,
"caption": "A worker walks down the damaged roadway near the Oroville Dam emergency spillway on Feb. 17, 2017, in Oroville, California.",
"description": null,
"title": "Work Continues To Shore Up The Oroville Dam",
"credit": "Brian Baer/California Department of Resources",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_news_11473387": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_news_11473387",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_news_11473387",
"name": "\u003cstrong>Michaeleen Doucleff\u003cbr>NPR\u003c/strong>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_news_11471911": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_news_11471911",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_news_11471911",
"name": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/jacob-margolis\">Jacob Margolis\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_news_11463233": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_news_11463233",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_news_11463233",
"name": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.publicintegrity.org/authors/jim-morris\">Jim Morris\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/author/sasha-khokha/\">Sasha Khokha\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1645216": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1645216",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1645216",
"name": "\u003cstrong>Alastair Bland\u003cBR />Water Deeply\u003c/strong>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1642514": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1642514",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1642514",
"name": "Matt Weiser",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_news_11459247": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_news_11459247",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_news_11459247",
"name": "\u003cstrong>Associated Press\u003c/strong>",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_news_11454858": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_news_11454858",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_news_11454858",
"name": "Bill Chappell",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_news_11454524": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_news_11454524",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_news_11454524",
"name": "\u003cstrong>Ellen Knickmeyer\u003cbr>Associated Press\u003c/strong>",
"isLoading": false
},
"chrisrichard": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "219",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "219",
"found": true
},
"name": "Chris Richard",
"firstName": "Chris",
"lastName": "Richard",
"slug": "chrisrichard",
"email": "chris@chrisrichard.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": null,
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0a5aab2628cba861c36f5f2142bf3e9c?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Chris Richard | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0a5aab2628cba861c36f5f2142bf3e9c?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/0a5aab2628cba861c36f5f2142bf3e9c?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/chrisrichard"
},
"tgoldberg": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "258",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "258",
"found": true
},
"name": "Ted Goldberg",
"firstName": "Ted",
"lastName": "Goldberg",
"slug": "tgoldberg",
"email": "tgoldberg@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": true,
"staff_mastheads": [
"news"
],
"title": "KQED Managing Editor, News and Newscasts",
"bio": "Ted Goldberg is Managing Editor of News and Newscasts at KQED. His main reporting beat is the Bay Area's oil refining industry.\r\n\r\nPrior to joining KQED in 2014, Ted worked at CBS News and WCBS AM in New York and Bay City News and KCBS Radio in San Francisco. He graduated from Oberlin College in Ohio in 1998.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/30ce2e4fe89135e104f89be2394d16225b9d36c121b5b3cb7651ce642978b96f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "TedrickG",
"bluesky": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Ted Goldberg | KQED",
"description": "KQED Managing Editor, News and Newscasts",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/30ce2e4fe89135e104f89be2394d16225b9d36c121b5b3cb7651ce642978b96f?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/30ce2e4fe89135e104f89be2394d16225b9d36c121b5b3cb7651ce642978b96f?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/tgoldberg"
},
"dgorn": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "8656",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "8656",
"found": true
},
"name": "David Gorn",
"firstName": "David",
"lastName": "Gorn",
"slug": "dgorn",
"email": "dgorn+donotmail@sbcglobal.net",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "David Gorn is the former Deputy News Director of KQED Radio. His public radio pieces have appeared on NPR, the World, Marketplace and the California Report.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6ad3e1eec1712e19b986b9395614010?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "David Gorn | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6ad3e1eec1712e19b986b9395614010?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/a6ad3e1eec1712e19b986b9395614010?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/dgorn"
},
"vrancano": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11276",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11276",
"found": true
},
"name": "Vanessa Rancaño",
"firstName": "Vanessa",
"lastName": "Rancaño",
"slug": "vrancano",
"email": "vrancano@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [
"news"
],
"title": "Reporter",
"bio": "Vanessa Rancaño is a features reporter for KQED. She’s also covered homelessness and education for the station and reported from the Central Valley. Her work has aired across public radio, from flagship national news shows to longform narrative podcasts. Before taking up a mic, she worked as a freelance print journalist. She’s been recognized with a number of national and regional awards. Vanessa grew up in California's Central Valley. She's a former NPR Kroc Fellow, and a graduate of the UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b3a383dfb0e7ee1c17568f2cf067904ab654d6e3de9743fc661f3c788ade1bed?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "vanessarancano",
"bluesky": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "liveblog",
"roles": [
"contributor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Vanessa Rancaño | KQED",
"description": "Reporter",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b3a383dfb0e7ee1c17568f2cf067904ab654d6e3de9743fc661f3c788ade1bed?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/b3a383dfb0e7ee1c17568f2cf067904ab654d6e3de9743fc661f3c788ade1bed?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/vrancano"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_environment": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"score": 12.134474
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Environment",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 108
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=environment",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 108
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"news_11473387": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "news_11473387",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11473387",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1495556571000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "nacho-cheese-sauce-tainted-with-botulism-kills-california-man",
"title": "Nacho Cheese Sauce Tainted With Botulism Kills California Man",
"publishDate": 1495556571,
"format": "standard",
"headTitle": "Nacho Cheese Sauce Tainted With Botulism Kills California Man | KQED",
"labelTerm": {},
"content": "\u003cp>A rare outbreak of botulism has hospitalized nine people and killed one man in northern California, health officials say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outbreak began early last month when several people fell ill after eating nacho cheese sauce bought at a gas station in Walnut Grove, just outside Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials removed four batches of nacho cheese sauce from the Valley Oak Food and Fuel gas station on May 5. Now, that cheese has tested positive for the botulinum toxin, the California Department of Public Health \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR17-047.aspx\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement issued Monday, the department said it “believes there is no continuing risk to the public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man who died, Martin Galindo, had been in the hospital for several weeks before his death, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/support-for-martins-recovery\">GoFundMe page\u003c/a> created by his family. He had been on a ventilator and eventually fell into a coma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Botulism is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/\">caused by\u003c/a> a toxin secreted by the bacterium \u003cem>Clostridium botulinum. \u003c/em>The toxin attacks the nervous system, causing blurry vision, slurred speech, paralysis and difficulty breathing. In about 3 to 5 percent of cases, botulism is fatal, even when it’s treated with antitoxin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Botulism is rare these days. Each year, there only about 20 cases in adults, linked to food poisoning, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/surveillance.html\">according to\u003c/a> the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The source is often \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/consumer.html\">home-canned food\u003c/a>, although sometimes the toxin does show up in retail products, like chopped garlic in oil, carrot juice and \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/newsevents/publichealthfocus/ucm179201.htm\">chili pepper sauce\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we head into the summer barbecue season, both indoor and outdoor chefs need to be on guard against all foodborne illnesses,” said Dr. Karen Smith of the California Department of Public Health in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR17-047.aspx\">statement\u003c/a> Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Agriculture gives detailed \u003ca href=\"http://nchfp.uga.edu/publications/publications_usda.html\">instructions\u003c/a> for how to can foods safely, and the CDC has a list of recommendations to help prevent botulism in your canned food. For example:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Store the food at 50 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit before opening.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use the food within one year after canning.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don’t use cans that are swollen, cracked or squirt liquid or foam when you open them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Boil foods low in acid for 10 minutes before eating. These foods include asparagus, beets, green beans, potatoes, some tomatoes, seafood and meat. High temperature will inactivate the toxin.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For retail products, store oils infused with garlic, chili sauces and canned cheeses in the refrigerator. And don’t use them after their expiration dates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Nacho+Cheese+Sauce+Tainted+With+Botulism+Kills+California+Man&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "An outbreak of botulism caused by nacho cheese sauce from a gas station has hospitalized nine people and killed one man in northern California.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1721149848,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 13,
"wordCount": 420
},
"headData": {
"title": "Nacho Cheese Sauce Tainted With Botulism Kills California Man | KQED",
"description": "An outbreak of botulism caused by nacho cheese sauce from a gas station has hospitalized nine people and killed one man in northern California.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "NewsArticle",
"headline": "Nacho Cheese Sauce Tainted With Botulism Kills California Man",
"datePublished": "2017-05-23T09:22:51-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-07-16T10:10:48-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"isAccessibleForFree": "True",
"publisher": {
"@type": "NewsMediaOrganization",
"@id": "https://www.kqed.org/#organization",
"name": "KQED",
"logo": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"url": "https://www.kqed.org",
"sameAs": [
"https://www.facebook.com/KQED",
"https://twitter.com/KQED",
"https://www.instagram.com/kqed/",
"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial",
"https://www.linkedin.com/company/kqed",
"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeC0IOo7i1P_61zVUWbJ4nw"
]
}
}
},
"source": "NPR",
"sticky": false,
"nprImageCredit": "Jennifer Oosthuizen",
"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Michaeleen Doucleff\u003cbr>NPR\u003c/strong>",
"nprImageAgency": "CDC",
"nprStoryId": "529589579",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=529589579&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2017/05/23/529589579/nacho-cheese-sauce-tainted-with-botulism-kills-california-man?ft=nprml&f=529589579",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Tue, 23 May 2017 02:26:00 -0400",
"nprStoryDate": "Tue, 23 May 2017 00:45:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Tue, 23 May 2017 02:26:09 -0400",
"path": "/news/11473387/nacho-cheese-sauce-tainted-with-botulism-kills-california-man",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A rare outbreak of botulism has hospitalized nine people and killed one man in northern California, health officials say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outbreak began early last month when several people fell ill after eating nacho cheese sauce bought at a gas station in Walnut Grove, just outside Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials removed four batches of nacho cheese sauce from the Valley Oak Food and Fuel gas station on May 5. Now, that cheese has tested positive for the botulinum toxin, the California Department of Public Health \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR17-047.aspx\">says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement issued Monday, the department said it “believes there is no continuing risk to the public.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The man who died, Martin Galindo, had been in the hospital for several weeks before his death, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/support-for-martins-recovery\">GoFundMe page\u003c/a> created by his family. He had been on a ventilator and eventually fell into a coma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Botulism is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/\">caused by\u003c/a> a toxin secreted by the bacterium \u003cem>Clostridium botulinum. \u003c/em>The toxin attacks the nervous system, causing blurry vision, slurred speech, paralysis and difficulty breathing. In about 3 to 5 percent of cases, botulism is fatal, even when it’s treated with antitoxin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Botulism is rare these days. Each year, there only about 20 cases in adults, linked to food poisoning, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/surveillance.html\">according to\u003c/a> the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The source is often \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/botulism/consumer.html\">home-canned food\u003c/a>, although sometimes the toxin does show up in retail products, like chopped garlic in oil, carrot juice and \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/newsevents/publichealthfocus/ucm179201.htm\">chili pepper sauce\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we head into the summer barbecue season, both indoor and outdoor chefs need to be on guard against all foodborne illnesses,” said Dr. Karen Smith of the California Department of Public Health in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/OPA/Pages/NR17-047.aspx\">statement\u003c/a> Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Department of Agriculture gives detailed \u003ca href=\"http://nchfp.uga.edu/publications/publications_usda.html\">instructions\u003c/a> for how to can foods safely, and the CDC has a list of recommendations to help prevent botulism in your canned food. For example:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Store the food at 50 to 70 degrees Fahrenheit before opening.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Use the food within one year after canning.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Don’t use cans that are swollen, cracked or squirt liquid or foam when you open them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Boil foods low in acid for 10 minutes before eating. These foods include asparagus, beets, green beans, potatoes, some tomatoes, seafood and meat. High temperature will inactivate the toxin.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For retail products, store oils infused with garlic, chili sauces and canned cheeses in the refrigerator. And don’t use them after their expiration dates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Nacho+Cheese+Sauce+Tainted+With+Botulism+Kills+California+Man&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/news/11473387/nacho-cheese-sauce-tainted-with-botulism-kills-california-man",
"authors": [
"byline_news_11473387"
],
"programs": [
"news_6944",
"news_72"
],
"categories": [
"news_457",
"news_8",
"news_356"
],
"tags": [
"news_1153"
],
"featImg": "news_11473388",
"label": "source_news_11473387"
},
"news_11471911": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "news_11471911",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11471911",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1495488571000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1495488571,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "This Scientist's Doomsday Earthquake Scenarios Will Terrify You, and That's the Point",
"title": "This Scientist's Doomsday Earthquake Scenarios Will Terrify You, and That's the Point",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>It’s 102 degrees, just north of Palm Springs. White wind turbines, two stories high, dot the desert landscape all of the way to the base of snowcapped mountains in the distance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seismologist and earthquake expert Lucy Jones is standing on a small hill looking south, towards California’s most consequential fault: the San Andreas. It runs nearly the length of the state, from the Salton Sea to near Mendocino. From where we're standing, the only evidence of the fault are slight indentations in the earth, snaking through the landscape. There are rocks and soil that've been moved by years of tectonic plates shifting below us.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'When it happens, we’re not going to have water. It’s going to take six months to get water back in all of our houses.'\u003ccite>Lucy Jones\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Jones is surrounded by scrub brush and government officials from across Southern California. She’s brought them to bake in the desert sun to convince them that they need to do more to get ready for \"the big one.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you are in the Coachella Valley, don’t plan on getting to L.A. anytime after the earthquake, unless you have some way of flying,\" she warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there’s an earthquake on this section of the San Andreas, the region stands to lose large parts of the 10 freeway, she says. The earth could shift as much as 25 feet, incapacitating any utilities that cross the fault, which include water canals, natural gas pipelines and power lines. It could leave large parts of Southern California stranded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the fault is capable of a magnitude 8.2 earthquake. The Northridge quake was a 6.7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11471988\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The San Andreas fault runs through the San Gorgonio pass, just north of Palm Springs.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11471988\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Andreas fault runs through the San Gorgonio pass, just north of Palm Springs. \u003ccite>(Jacob Margolis/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"This will happen at some point. Plate tectonics isn’t turning off,\" Jones says. \"When it happens, we’re not going to have water. It’s going to take six months to get water back in all of our houses. We could lose electricity for the whole western U.S. We’re going to have no transportation. City-wide fires have the potential to burn down the city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than 15 years, Jones has been painting these nightmare scenarios, first as a seismologist for the U.S. Geological Survey, and now as an independent scientist, trying to convince businesses and governments to better prepare their emergency services, transportation grids and infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"PgmOrO85pbNoVDPgZFHoy0wCnupu2d4g\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities, including Los Angeles, which hired Jones for a time, have heeded her advice. They figured out new rules for seismic retrofits, strengthened cell phone towers and took steps to further protect water systems, but there's still more to be done. And some cities haven't taken action to prepare at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The challenge really is we are myopic,\" says Howard Kunreuther, author of \"The Ostrich Paradox: Why We Underprepare for Disasters.\" \"We focus on the short run and as a result don’t really think about any kind of long-term decisions[...]about how we prepare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s tough to convince cities to prepare for something that’s not right in front of them, especially when things like potholes and homelessness are ever-present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11471998\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A bulldozer tears down a section of the Santa Monica Freeway that collapsed during the Northridge earthquake in 1994.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11471998\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bulldozer tears down a section of the Santa Monica Freeway that collapsed during the Northridge earthquake in 1994. \u003ccite>(TIMOTHY A. CLARY/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There hasn't been a big quake on the San Andreas in over 160 years, making one long overdue, according to Jones. And since it’s so overdue, the likelihood of it happening is higher, as pressure between the plates builds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kunreuther says people react to the disaster that just happened. That after Northridge, a lot of people purchased earthquake insurance, but over time the number of insured has declined, even as the risk of earthquake has continued to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We say, this event will not happen to me. So as a result, we don’t have to pay attention,\" he says. \"So, we think the likelihood of an earthquake occurring in California is sufficiently low that we don’t really have to buy insurance or undertake the protective measures that one should.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Babara Kogerman, a city councilwoman from Laguna Hills, was listening to Jones out in the desert. She says that she's been worried about being prepared for the big one, but that Jones helped bring the issue into focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s the kind of reaction Jones is hoping she’ll get with her apocalyptic stories.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "11471911 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11471911",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/22/this-scientists-doomsday-earthquake-scenarios-will-terrify-you-and-thats-the-point/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 778,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1495488571,
"excerpt": "Lucy Jones has been trying to convince businesses and governments in Southern California to better prepare emergency services and infrastructure for over 15 years.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Lucy Jones has been trying to convince businesses and governments in Southern California to better prepare emergency services and infrastructure for over 15 years.",
"title": "This Scientist's Doomsday Earthquake Scenarios Will Terrify You, and That's the Point | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "NewsArticle",
"headline": "This Scientist's Doomsday Earthquake Scenarios Will Terrify You, and That's the Point",
"datePublished": "2017-05-22T14:29:31-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-05-22T14:29:31-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"isAccessibleForFree": "True",
"publisher": {
"@type": "NewsMediaOrganization",
"@id": "https://www.kqed.org/#organization",
"name": "KQED",
"logo": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"url": "https://www.kqed.org",
"sameAs": [
"https://www.facebook.com/KQED",
"https://twitter.com/KQED",
"https://www.instagram.com/kqed/",
"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial",
"https://www.linkedin.com/company/kqed",
"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeC0IOo7i1P_61zVUWbJ4nw"
]
}
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "this-scientists-doomsday-earthquake-scenarios-will-terrify-you-and-thats-the-point",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "http://www.scpr.org/",
"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/jacob-margolis\">Jacob Margolis\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
"source": "KPCC",
"path": "/news/11471911/this-scientists-doomsday-earthquake-scenarios-will-terrify-you-and-thats-the-point",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s 102 degrees, just north of Palm Springs. White wind turbines, two stories high, dot the desert landscape all of the way to the base of snowcapped mountains in the distance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seismologist and earthquake expert Lucy Jones is standing on a small hill looking south, towards California’s most consequential fault: the San Andreas. It runs nearly the length of the state, from the Salton Sea to near Mendocino. From where we're standing, the only evidence of the fault are slight indentations in the earth, snaking through the landscape. There are rocks and soil that've been moved by years of tectonic plates shifting below us.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'When it happens, we’re not going to have water. It’s going to take six months to get water back in all of our houses.'\u003ccite>Lucy Jones\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Jones is surrounded by scrub brush and government officials from across Southern California. She’s brought them to bake in the desert sun to convince them that they need to do more to get ready for \"the big one.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you are in the Coachella Valley, don’t plan on getting to L.A. anytime after the earthquake, unless you have some way of flying,\" she warns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there’s an earthquake on this section of the San Andreas, the region stands to lose large parts of the 10 freeway, she says. The earth could shift as much as 25 feet, incapacitating any utilities that cross the fault, which include water canals, natural gas pipelines and power lines. It could leave large parts of Southern California stranded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the fault is capable of a magnitude 8.2 earthquake. The Northridge quake was a 6.7.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11471988\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The San Andreas fault runs through the San Gorgonio pass, just north of Palm Springs.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11471988\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/MountainsMargolis-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The San Andreas fault runs through the San Gorgonio pass, just north of Palm Springs. \u003ccite>(Jacob Margolis/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"This will happen at some point. Plate tectonics isn’t turning off,\" Jones says. \"When it happens, we’re not going to have water. It’s going to take six months to get water back in all of our houses. We could lose electricity for the whole western U.S. We’re going to have no transportation. City-wide fires have the potential to burn down the city.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more than 15 years, Jones has been painting these nightmare scenarios, first as a seismologist for the U.S. Geological Survey, and now as an independent scientist, trying to convince businesses and governments to better prepare their emergency services, transportation grids and infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities, including Los Angeles, which hired Jones for a time, have heeded her advice. They figured out new rules for seismic retrofits, strengthened cell phone towers and took steps to further protect water systems, but there's still more to be done. And some cities haven't taken action to prepare at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The challenge really is we are myopic,\" says Howard Kunreuther, author of \"The Ostrich Paradox: Why We Underprepare for Disasters.\" \"We focus on the short run and as a result don’t really think about any kind of long-term decisions[...]about how we prepare.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s tough to convince cities to prepare for something that’s not right in front of them, especially when things like potholes and homelessness are ever-present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11471998\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A bulldozer tears down a section of the Santa Monica Freeway that collapsed during the Northridge earthquake in 1994.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11471998\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/NorthridgeDamage-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bulldozer tears down a section of the Santa Monica Freeway that collapsed during the Northridge earthquake in 1994. \u003ccite>(TIMOTHY A. CLARY/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There hasn't been a big quake on the San Andreas in over 160 years, making one long overdue, according to Jones. And since it’s so overdue, the likelihood of it happening is higher, as pressure between the plates builds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kunreuther says people react to the disaster that just happened. That after Northridge, a lot of people purchased earthquake insurance, but over time the number of insured has declined, even as the risk of earthquake has continued to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We say, this event will not happen to me. So as a result, we don’t have to pay attention,\" he says. \"So, we think the likelihood of an earthquake occurring in California is sufficiently low that we don’t really have to buy insurance or undertake the protective measures that one should.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Babara Kogerman, a city councilwoman from Laguna Hills, was listening to Jones out in the desert. She says that she's been worried about being prepared for the big one, but that Jones helped bring the issue into focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s the kind of reaction Jones is hoping she’ll get with her apocalyptic stories.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/news/11471911/this-scientists-doomsday-earthquake-scenarios-will-terrify-you-and-thats-the-point",
"authors": [
"byline_news_11471911"
],
"programs": [
"news_6944",
"news_72"
],
"categories": [
"news_19906",
"news_8",
"news_356"
],
"tags": [
"news_20000",
"news_17826",
"news_1730",
"news_6902",
"news_17286"
],
"affiliates": [
"news_7055"
],
"featImg": "news_11471971",
"label": "source_news_11471911"
},
"news_11463233": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "news_11463233",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11463233",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1495436486000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "a-california-regulators-curious-crusade-to-remake-the-clean-air-act",
"title": "A California Regulator's Curious Crusade to Remake the Clean Air Act",
"publishDate": 1495436486,
"format": "audio",
"headTitle": "A California Regulator’s Curious Crusade to Remake the Clean Air Act | KQED",
"labelTerm": {
"term": 72,
"site": "news"
},
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: June 8, 2017:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental Protection Agency Chief Scott Pruitt this week announced he is delaying a new federal ozone standard by a year. Ozone is a gas in smog that triggers asthma and other respiratory problems. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency was scheduled to begin assessing this month which areas of the country were out of compliance, and make final determinations by October. Now the EPA will make those decisions by October 2018. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama Administration lowered the federal standard for ozone to 70 parts per billion in 2015, a move the EPA says will prevent hundreds of premature deaths and hundreds of thousands of asthma attacks in children, across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In California’s polluted San Joaquin Valley, a regulator is under fire for allying with members of Congress who want to weaken the venerable law: A joint investigation from the\u003ca href=\"https://www.publicintegrity.org/\"> Center for Public Integrity\u003c/a> and The California Report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FRESNO — The 250-mile-long San Joaquin Valley is an economic powerhouse, producing everything from crude oil to grapes, cotton to pistachios.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘[Sadredin] swears an oath to uphold the Clean Air Act, and yet he is actively working to undermine this important environmental law.’\u003ccite>Jared Blumenfeld, former EPA regional administrator\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s also a pollution-trapping bowl, bounded on three sides by mountains and punished by meteorological conditions that cause dirty air to stagnate. All eight counties in the valley are in \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/airquality/greenbook/ancl.html\">“extreme non-attainment\u003c/a>” of the federal smog standard, which has led to penalties. Lung-searing ozone, the main component of smog, is cooked by triple-digit summer heat. Fine particles, tied to both heart and respiratory disease, fill the air on foggy winter days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, the Clean Air Act was built for places like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1970 law has succeeded by any number of measures. Its benefits — in the form of improved health and productivity, along with lower medical expenses — have \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/benefits-and-costs-clean-air-act-1990-2020-second-prospective-study\">far exceeded its economic costs\u003c/a>, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11463329\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11463329 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An oil field in Lost Hills, California. The nearest air monitor measuring fine particles in the air is some 50 miles away. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By 2020, the EPA estimated in a peer-reviewed, congressionally mandated report, it will prevent more than 230,000 premature deaths annually from \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics#effects\">microscopic particles\u003c/a> that can make their way deep into the lungs and bloodstream after being discharged by cars, trucks, industrial sites and agricultural operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even here, the law has had demonstrable effects. In 2015, for example, the valley exceeded the federal ozone standard on 55 days, compared to 90 days in 2005 and 113 days in 1995, data from the California Air Resources Board show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a place where agriculture and oil rule, however, the act has become a bone of contention, fueled by an anti-regulatory mood in Washington and a curious and controversial alliance of business interests and the local air pollution control agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of that agency, Seyed Sadredin, is a favorite of lawmakers who want to soften the act. In his third appearance before Congress since October 2015, Sadredin \u003ca href=\"https://energycommerce.house.gov/hearings-and-votes/hearings/hr-806-ozone-standards-implementation-act-2017\">complained at a House hearing\u003c/a> this spring about the law’s “artificial and arbitrary” deadlines, which he said could lead to “devastating federal sanctions” in the valley for pollution beyond his regulatory reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Letters to members of Congress\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One example of a letter Seyed Sadredin sent to members of Congress last year, urging them to co-sponsor a bill making changes to the Clean Air Act. The letter argues the region is “hampered by the unintended consequences of many outdated provisions of the Clean Air Act.” The letter was sent to Devin Nunes but accidentally addressed to Congressman Jim Costa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[LetterNunes]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Some of the provisions of the Clean Air Act, although well-intentioned, are leading to unintended consequences,” Sadredin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key elements of this esoteric drama are these: At the same time the valley is violating federal standards, its chief air pollution cop is deflecting blame and aiding politicians in D.C. eager to pry open a venerable public health statute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Sadredin] is a state officer,” said Jared Blumenfeld, the EPA’s regional administrator in California until last year. “He swears an oath to uphold the Clean Air Act, and yet he is actively working to undermine this important environmental law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Looking for a Scapegoat\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The conflict in the valley has roots going back 70 years. In 1947, Gov. Earl Warren signed into law the Air Pollution Control Act, authorizing each of the state’s 58 counties to create an air pollution control district. Los Angeles County, routinely enveloped in a brown cloud by that point, was the first to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the years passed, state lawmakers came to realize that, as one historical document put it, “air pollution does not respect political boundaries.” At their direction the \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/homepage.htm\">California Air Resources Board\u003c/a> divided the state into \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/knowzone/basin/basin.htm\">15 air basins\u003c/a> based on geological and meteorological characteristics. Starting with one in the Los Angeles basin in 1976, 35 regional air pollution control districts were created to address stationary sources of pollution — oil refineries, power plants, farms — as well as area sources like gas stations and dust from unpaved roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’re not trying to get out of our responsibilities. We just don’t want to be unfairly penalized.’\u003ccite>Seyed Sadredin,\u003cbr>\nSan Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The districts prepare detailed plans stating how they intend to meet Clean Air Act standards. The plans are sent to the Air Resources Board, which regulates mobile pollution sources such as cars and trucks (more rigorously than the federal government — the Trump administration wants to change that). All of this is folded into a single document that goes to the EPA, which can accept or reject all or part of it. If the EPA thinks a state is malingering, it has the power to withhold federal highway funds or impose other sanctions, though it rarely does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/Home.htm\">San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District\u003c/a>, composed of eight former county offices, was formed in 1991. The district, with a staff of 310 and an annual budget of nearly $200 million, faces a herculean task in a region of 4.2 million people.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”91jjJ9XHt4cYJ2TwscrpLlbiCbHX7Y7u”]In Fresno, one in five children has asthma — among the highest rates in the country. Bakersfield — seat of Kern County, California’s oil-producing leviathan — ranked first in the nation for short-term particle pollution in the American Lung Association’s most recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.lung.org/assets/documents/healthy-air/state-of-the-air/state-of-the-air-2017.pdf\">“State of the Air”\u003c/a> report. Valley-wide, 1,200 premature deaths each year are blamed on the bad air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What to do about all of this has become the subject of endless debate and vitriol spewed by a disparate cast of characters and fueled by a changing political climate. In Washington, newly emboldened Republicans and at least one Democrat in Congress are seeking to \u003ca href=\"https://olson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/olson-capito-flake-manchin-flores-latta-reintroduce-ozone-bill\">stretch compliance deadlines\u003c/a> under the Clean Air Act, calling them unreasonable and counterproductive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many regulators and public health advocates in traditionally liberal California are watching with trepidation, but Sadredin, the air district’s executive director, is not one of them. Within weeks of Donald Trump’s election, Sadredin’s name was atop a \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/documents/PRESIDENTIAL-TRANSITION-WHITE-PAPER.pdf\">“presidential transition white paper”\u003c/a> calling for an end to “costly bureaucratic red tape” associated with the act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In interviews, Sadredin insisted he has no desire to see the law eviscerated and pointed to a district proposal sent to state legislators in February. The document said a redo of the Clean Air Act wouldn’t be necessary if Congress could find some other way to inoculate California’s hazy midsection from EPA sanctions for air pollution beyond local control — from heavy trucks that barrel down Interstate 5 and state Highway 99, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11467563\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11467563\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad.jpg\" alt=\"Haze hangs over a road close to I-5 near Buttonwillow, in Kern County.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Haze hangs over a road close to I-5 near Buttonwillow, in Kern County. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re not trying to get out of our responsibilities,” Sadredin said. “We just don’t want to be unfairly penalized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, however, leaves open the option of lobbying to weaken the federal law. Dr. Alexander Sherriffs, a physician in the town of Fowler who sits on the district’s 15-member governing board, cast one of two “no” votes against the plan. At his busy clinic, just south of Fresno, Sherriffs lamented the “terrible” rates of childhood asthma he sees. Even more alarming, he said, are heart attacks among adults that may be pollution-related but aren’t recorded as such on death certificates — “hundreds, if not a thousand, a year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Air district seeks oil lobby’s help in D.C.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In this email exchange, a senior staffer at the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District tries to convince the Western States Petroleum Association, a trade group, to send a representative on an upcoming lobbying trip to Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[LetterNoble]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sherriffs acknowledged that anti-pollution measures can be costly. But so are disease and its byproducts: emergency-room visits, medication, lost school days. “We’re paying this hidden expense every day,” he said. The doctor said he’s unwilling to “get off a winning racehorse” and endorse changes to the Clean Air Act. He worries that Sadredin has joined “people with axes” in Washington who want to dismantle the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Unfair Sanctions’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For the past five years, valley residents and business owners have paid a $12 vehicle-registration surcharge for violating the federal one-hour ozone standard. An agreement between the EPA and the air district has allowed the cumulative $168 million in penalties to be used for local projects such as replacement of diesel trucks, school buses and tractors, which contribute to both smog and particle pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin says he fears the EPA could impose more draconian measures on a region of vast oil fields and farms interspersed with swaths of poverty. Among them: “no-drive” and “no-farming” days, and the withholding of billions of dollars in federal highway funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A federal remedy to bar the imposition of these unfair sanctions is our top legislative priority,” Sadredin told the \u003ca href=\"https://energycommerce.house.gov/hearings-and-votes/hearings/hr-806-ozone-standards-implementation-act-2017\">House Environment Subcommittee\u003c/a> on March 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11463336\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 576px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11463336 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"576\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut.jpg 576w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut-240x170.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut-375x266.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut-520x368.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kurt Karperos of the California Air Resources Board, urged lawmakers not to weaken the Clean Air Act at a hearing on March 22. The state air board says there’s much more the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District can do to reduce pollution from the sources it regulates.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the same hearing, Kurt Karperos, deputy executive officer at the state Air Resources Board, painted a less dire picture and urged lawmakers not to weaken the Clean Air Act. Driven by the law’s health-based deadlines, the state’s air quality has improved even as its economy — the world’s sixth-largest — has “continued to grow and prosper,” Karperos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clean air advocates – some of whom have clashed with Sadredin for years — say the district has dallied, especially on fine particles. The EPA defines these as being 2.5 micrometers — 1/30th the diameter of a human hair — or smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are constantly looking to put the blame somewhere else, find a scapegoat,” said Dolores Weller, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calcleanair.org/\">Central Valley Air Quality Coalition\u003c/a> in Fresno. “They’re supposed to be a public health agency, but they pride themselves on the customer service they offer to [air-pollution] permit holders. That’s who they want to make happy. They could care less about people who have asthma.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11467565\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11467565\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Gas flaring in an oil production area near Buttonwillow, in Kern County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gas flaring in an oil production area near Buttonwillow, in Kern County. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The coalition has compiled a list of steps it says the district could take to meet the EPA’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/naaqs/particulate-matter-pm-air-quality-standards\">PM 2.5 standard\u003c/a>, including a ban on the burning of agricultural waste and stricter controls on natural-gas flaring in oil production areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin says the district has adopted more than 600 rules since 1992 and is pondering others. People’s exposure to high smog levels is down by 90 percent since the passage of the Clean Air Act 47 years ago, he says. “If we ever reach a day when we cannot find more things to do to reduce air pollution in the valley, we’ll close shop and I will quit my job,” he wrote in an email to the Center for Public Integrity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin says the federal law’s overlapping deadlines and ever-tightening requirements impede progress in places like the valley: Just as the district figures out how to meet one standard, another appears on the horizon. The Air Resources Board, however, characterizes this as a self-inflicted problem. The San Joaquin Valley air district “has chosen to develop separate plans for individual standards,” the board said in a written statement. In contrast, the South Coast Air Quality Management District, in the Los Angeles area, has found a way to “address all standards simultaneously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“When the air is really bad, everybody in Lost Hills complains — they have weepy eyes, they’re getting sick. We need the air district to do something about this.’\u003ccite>Saul Ruiz, Homeowner\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sadredin speaks often about a family of chemicals called \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/no2-pollution/basic-information-about-no2#What%20is%20NO2\">nitrogen oxides\u003c/a>, or NOx, which contribute to the valley’s vexing fine-particle problem. Eighty-five percent of NOx emissions come from mobile sources “outside our regulatory authority” — mostly trucks and locomotives — he testified at the House hearing in March. But state officials say that up to half of the particle pollution in the valley comes from sources regulated by the district. In October, the Air Resources Board kicked back for revisions a district plan to address the problem. The plan is scheduled to come up for discussion by the board this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our job is to make sure [districts] are working in tandem and meet federal standards,” board member Dean Florez, a former Democratic state senator from Bakersfield, wrote in an email to the Center for Public Integrity. “If one district goes astray, that’s really concerning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin “does not represent California or other air districts in his messages in D.C.,” Florez wrote. “His constant refrain that they have left no stone unturned is disingenuous. He needs to take a proactive approach to meeting federal and state air quality requirements as opposed to dragging his feet and only complying minimally at the last minute.”\u003cbr>\n[contextly_sidebar id=”CSdoeBaNOEfucy439XPWzZP6HQCWXVUD”]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Pro-business’ Regulator\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most members of the air district’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/Board_meetings/GB/governing_board_roster.htm\">governing board\u003c/a> have parochial interests: eight of the 15 are county supervisors, five sit on city councils. Ties to oil and agriculture – which together contribute some $40 billion to the valley economy – are strong. The exceptions: two board members appointed by the governor to make sure the health of all valley residents is considered and science is respected as policy is made. Legislation was required to create those seats, which are occupied by Dr. Sherriffs and John Capitman, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnostate.edu/chhs/cvhpi/\">Central Valley Health Policy Institute\u003c/a> at California State University, Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin, 57, began working for the district in 1981 and became executive director in 2006. In a 2013 radio talk-show interview, he described himself as a “pro-business conservative” and blamed “extremist environmental groups” for the EPA sanctions that led to the $12-per-vehicle surcharge.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The district is scrambling to figure out how to meet the national air standards. The response has been to ask for amendments to the Clean Air Act to give them excuses for not meeting certain requirements.’\u003ccite>Paul Cort, Earthjustice\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The board’s chairman, Fresno City Councilman Oliver L. Baines III, said the initiative merely argued for “common-sense” updates to the law that would help protect low-income communities like his West Fresno district, home to one of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/04/23/worried-about-pollution-where-you-live-check-how-your-zip-code-ranks/\">most polluted ZIP codes in the state.\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSadredin wrote in an email that he is a “life-long Democrat” who twice voted for Barack Obama. While he reports to a “conservative, pro-Business board,” he wrote, the body “has promulgated clean air programs that serve as a model for the rest of the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the district’s board adopted a Clean Air Act “\u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/2015-Clean-Air-Act-Modernization-Proposal.pdf\">modernization\u003c/a>” proposal, which suggested, among other things, that “technological and economic feasibility” be contemplated along with the health benefits of pollution controls. When the proposal came up for a vote, Sherriffs and Capitman were the only dissenters. Capitman said the plan “picks up the worst ideas in the country on how to move away from the Clean Air Act. I’m extremely uncomfortable about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>A fellow regulator chastises Sadredin for his congressional testimony.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Immediately after Seyed Sadredin, executive director of the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District, finishes testifying before Congress, his counterpart in California’s San Luis Obispo County expresses his displeasure. “O3” is shorthand for ozone, a key component of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[SadredinTestimony]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“No person in my position who represents a disadvantaged community is going to jeopardize public health,” Baines said. But he said he’s puzzled by resistance to legislative remedies that would shield such places from crippling sanctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We actually approached air quality advocates in the valley and said, ‘Hey, this is what we’d like to do. We would like your support,’ ” Baines said. “And, you know, they refuse to help. They are simply afraid to introduce any legislation that would allow the Clean Air Act to be opened up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emails obtained by the Center for Public Integrity under the California Public Records Act seem to underpin the advocates’ skepticism. They show, for example, that the district solicited the lobbying help of an oil industry trade group, the Western States Petroleum Association, “a strong supporter of our federal efforts to improve the Clean Air Act.” Those efforts have aligned the district with an informal coalition led by \u003ca href=\"http://www.allawgp.com/attorneys/jed-anderson/\">Jed Anderson\u003c/a>, a Houston-area lawyer who represents corporations in pollution cases and runs a website called \u003ca href=\"https://cleanairreform.org/\">cleanairreform.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, Anderson attended a \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/topc/presentations.htm\">district-organized scientific conference\u003c/a> at Yosemite National Park addressing one of Sadredin’s fixations: pollution that drifts into California from as far away as China. The California Air Resources Board says the phenomenon has a negligible effect on the San Joaquin Valley’s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11463339\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11463339\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ruiz family lives in Lost Hills, near dusty pistachio farms and less than a quarter-mile from an active oil field … and just off I-5, where trucks rumble past day and night. 14-year old Saul Ruiz Jr. gets sudden nosebleeds when the air is bad. 21-year old sister, Ericka, has asthma. Their younger sister, Julissa, falls asleep frequently at school and doctors can’t figure out why. Her parents say it happens more often on bad-air days. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a telephone interview, Anderson said he was “blown away” by Sadredin’s commitment to fixing the federal law. Sadredin called Anderson “an interesting character” who had “zero input” on district policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Nosebleeds and Asthma Attacks in Lost Hills\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The 11 members of the Ruiz family breathe some of the valley’s worst air. They live in the Kern County community of Lost Hills, which adjoins an oil field of the same name. Emissions from the field mingle with those from farms and traffic; the Tehachapi Mountains to the southeast hold much of it in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nine Ruiz children suffer chronic health problems their parents blame on pollution. Saul Jr., 14, gets nosebleeds and headaches when the air is especially fetid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’ll be out playing, and suddenly he’s bathed in blood,” his father, Saul Sr., said in Spanish. Twenty-one-year-old Ericka is asthmatic and had attacks so severe when she was younger that she would turn purple, necessitating visits to the emergency room. Nine-year-old Julissa is constantly exhausted and falls asleep in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11463351\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11463351\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Environmental Justice organizer Rosanna Esparza shows the Ruiz family how to measure indoor and outdoor air quality with a monitor as part of a community monitoring project. They’ve collected data using Speck Monitors developed at Carnegie Mellon University Robotics Institute. Monitoring data will be collected at 20 homes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Leaving is out of the question, Saul Sr. said. He stays home on disability and takes care of the children; his wife works at a pistachio-packing plant nearby. “When the air is really bad, everybody in Lost Hills complains — they have weepy eyes, they’re getting sick,” he said. “We need the air district to do something about this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What, exactly, is in the air? It’s hard to say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nearest district air-monitoring stations for ozone and fine particles are about 25 miles and 50 miles away, respectively. With modest foundation funding, Rosanna Esparza, an organizer with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.crpe-ej.org/\">Center on Race, Poverty & the Environment\u003c/a>, last year installed monitors inside and outside 20 homes, including the Ruizes’, in and around Lost Hills. Esparza said the devices have detected spikes of fine particles, which can cause symptoms reported by residents: headaches, lethargy, respiratory problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier sampling outside three homes picked up consistent levels of volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, as well as the toxic gas methane. While none of the individual VOC levels was above short-term limits, Esparza said she worries about the cumulative effects. She expects the current round of testing to continue through August and said the results will be presented to air district officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://bakersfieldnow.com/news/local/armed-with-infrared-camera-citizen-group-monitors-oil-gas-emissions\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not doing their job,” she said. “Somebody’s got to do it. We shouldn’t be picking up the tab on this kind of work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin said the district has “one of the most extensive air-monitoring systems in the nation.” But each station costs about $500,000 to build and $70,000 a year to maintain, with the EPA traditionally footing most of the bill. People in places like Lost Hills are left with a web-based tool that allows a user to type in an address and get an estimate of local air quality based on computer modeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County embraces the oil industry as warmly as it does country-music legends Merle Haggard and Buck Owens, who created the rock ‘n’ roll-influenced Bakersfield Sound. More than 80 percent of California’s oil production comes from the county, which had 44,000 active wells in 2015 and, thanks to an ordinance that eased permitting, could have 72,000 more by 2035. Clean air activists like Tom Frantz are a decided minority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frantz, an almond farmer and a member of the Air Resources Board’s Environmental Justice Advisory Committee, complains regularly about flaring — the burning of natural gas for economic or safety reasons — which throws off NOx and VOCs and adds to the valley’s smog and particle burdens. He kept close watch over one flare in the city of Shafter, six-tenths of a mile from an elementary school, which roared off and on for 17 years until it finally was extinguished. Last year the district gave it permission to release 70,017 pounds of pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Explore this interactive map to find out how many active wells there are across Kern County. Circle size corresponds to the number of wells within one mile of a school:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[KernCountyMap]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like having maybe a dozen diesel trucks making a 1-mile loop, continuously, in your neighborhood,” Frantz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public interest law firm Earthjustice, the “extremist” group to which Sadredin says he was referring in the 2013 radio interview, has challenged — unsuccessfully thus far — district permits issued to two Kern County facilities that accept rail shipments of exceptionally noxious crude oil from North Dakota and tar sands from Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firm has had better luck pushing back on district air-pollution plans, convincing the EPA and a federal appeals court to reject aspects as deficient. “The district is scrambling to figure out how to meet the national air standards,” said Paul Cort, an Earthjustice lawyer in San Francisco. “The response has been to ask for amendments to the Clean Air Act to give them excuses for not meeting certain requirements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Improving the Process\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/evolution-clean-air-act\">Clean Air Act\u003c/a> is not immutable. It was amended — fortified — by Congress in 1990 to address airborne chemicals and acid rain. President George H.W. Bush \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=19039\">signed the legislation\u003c/a> — “a demonstration to the American people,” he said, “of my determination that each and every American shall breathe clean air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, however, some lawmakers want to relax the act rather than strengthen it. The \u003ca href=\"http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF18/20170322/105754/BILLS-115HR806ih.pdf\">bill\u003c/a> on which Sadredin testified in March would, among other things, slow mandatory review of clean air standards by the EPA from every five years to every 10 years and require the agency to consider “technological feasibility” when revising those standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to the Center for Public Integrity, the bill’s sponsor, \u003ca href=\"https://olson.house.gov/\">Rep. Pete Olson\u003c/a>, R-Texas, wrote, “We have made important progress in improving air quality, but state after state has informed us that under the current system, there are Administrative nightmares with respect to compliance and feasibility. We also know that there is pollution beyond our control that drifts into the U.S. from around the world or occurs naturally. This bill is simply about improving the process for state air regulators and industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Janet McCabe, who ran the EPA’s Office of Air and Radiation late in the Obama administration, sees something more ominous at work. The feasibility provision of Olson’s bill is “a big, big deal,” she said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Air Act dictates that standards be health-based, driven by science and not economics, McCabe said; cost comes into play only after the numbers are set. The law already gives states time to devise and implement pollution-control strategies, she said. “They are not expected to do things that are ridiculously costly or that don’t make sense.” Nor are states responsible for pollution beyond their control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An EPA spokeswoman declined to comment on the Olson bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tighter Standards, More Alarming Science\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s true that standards under the act keep changing. In 1997, the federal ozone limit was set at 80 parts per billion. It went down to 75 ppb in 2008 and 70 ppb in 2015 (a number Trump’s EPA chief, Scott Pruitt, is reconsidering). The San Joaquin Valley isn’t projected to hit these targets until 2023, 2031 and 2037, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”h3ViIvhbrJm7AurqAEjpR8zBXhzBMZaT”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a reason ozone limits have gotten stricter: The science has gotten scarier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the March 22 hearing, \u003ca href=\"http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF18/20170322/105754/HHRG-115-IF18-Wstate-BousheyH-20170322.pdf\">Dr. Homer Boushey\u003c/a>, a lung specialist at the University of California, San Francisco, said there is mounting evidence that ozone not only worsens asthma in children but also may induce it, and that it causes premature death and neurological changes — like those seen in victims of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s — among adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF18/20170322/105754/HHRG-115-IF18-Wstate-KarperosK-20170322.pdf\">Karperos\u003c/a>, of the California Air Resources Board, testified that Olson’s bill “would mean more people would breathe dirty air longer.” He singled out Sadredin’s domain, saying, “The San Joaquin Valley, in particular, is home to high rates of poverty, pollution and asthma. It is especially critical to continue progress in that region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin said he’s spoken privately to progressive elected officials and environmentalists who have warned, “You don’t want to open the act in this Congress, because then they would go beyond some of the reasonable things you’re asking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He finds this illogical, he said, but allowed, “I suppose they have to say things like that — that, you know, the Clean Air Act is the holy grail we should not even think about changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jim Morris is managing editor for environment and labor at the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.publicintegrity.org/\">\u003cem>Center for Public Integrity\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit investigative news organization in Washington, D.C. Sasha Khokha is host of KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-california-report/\">\u003cem>The California Report Magazine\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a statewide public radio program, and reported for 12 years from Fresno as KQED’s Central Valley bureau chief. Kimberly Kenny, Ana Santos and Carolyn Zhang contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "In state's polluted San Joaquin Valley, an air pollution control officer is under fire for allying with members of Congress who want to weaken the Clean Air Act.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1721151880,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 87,
"wordCount": 4922
},
"headData": {
"title": "A California Regulator's Curious Crusade to Remake the Clean Air Act | KQED",
"description": "In state's polluted San Joaquin Valley, an air pollution control officer is under fire for allying with members of Congress who want to weaken the Clean Air Act.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "NewsArticle",
"headline": "A California Regulator's Curious Crusade to Remake the Clean Air Act",
"datePublished": "2017-05-22T00:01:26-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-07-16T10:44:40-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"isAccessibleForFree": "True",
"publisher": {
"@type": "NewsMediaOrganization",
"@id": "https://www.kqed.org/#organization",
"name": "KQED",
"logo": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"url": "https://www.kqed.org",
"sameAs": [
"https://www.facebook.com/KQED",
"https://twitter.com/KQED",
"https://www.instagram.com/kqed/",
"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial",
"https://www.linkedin.com/company/kqed",
"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeC0IOo7i1P_61zVUWbJ4nw"
]
}
}
},
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio//2017/06/CleanAirAct170605.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.publicintegrity.org/authors/jim-morris\">Jim Morris\u003c/a>\u003c/strong> and \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/author/sasha-khokha/\">Sasha Khokha\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
"path": "/news/11463233/a-california-regulators-curious-crusade-to-remake-the-clean-air-act",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: June 8, 2017:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental Protection Agency Chief Scott Pruitt this week announced he is delaying a new federal ozone standard by a year. Ozone is a gas in smog that triggers asthma and other respiratory problems. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency was scheduled to begin assessing this month which areas of the country were out of compliance, and make final determinations by October. Now the EPA will make those decisions by October 2018. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama Administration lowered the federal standard for ozone to 70 parts per billion in 2015, a move the EPA says will prevent hundreds of premature deaths and hundreds of thousands of asthma attacks in children, across the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Story:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>In California’s polluted San Joaquin Valley, a regulator is under fire for allying with members of Congress who want to weaken the venerable law: A joint investigation from the\u003ca href=\"https://www.publicintegrity.org/\"> Center for Public Integrity\u003c/a> and The California Report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>FRESNO — The 250-mile-long San Joaquin Valley is an economic powerhouse, producing everything from crude oil to grapes, cotton to pistachios.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘[Sadredin] swears an oath to uphold the Clean Air Act, and yet he is actively working to undermine this important environmental law.’\u003ccite>Jared Blumenfeld, former EPA regional administrator\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s also a pollution-trapping bowl, bounded on three sides by mountains and punished by meteorological conditions that cause dirty air to stagnate. All eight counties in the valley are in \u003ca href=\"https://www3.epa.gov/airquality/greenbook/ancl.html\">“extreme non-attainment\u003c/a>” of the federal smog standard, which has led to penalties. Lung-searing ozone, the main component of smog, is cooked by triple-digit summer heat. Fine particles, tied to both heart and respiratory disease, fill the air on foggy winter days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In theory, the Clean Air Act was built for places like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 1970 law has succeeded by any number of measures. Its benefits — in the form of improved health and productivity, along with lower medical expenses — have \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/benefits-and-costs-clean-air-act-1990-2020-second-prospective-study\">far exceeded its economic costs\u003c/a>, according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11463329\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11463329 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25392_Lost-Hills-4-qut-e1495055685594-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An oil field in Lost Hills, California. The nearest air monitor measuring fine particles in the air is some 50 miles away. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>By 2020, the EPA estimated in a peer-reviewed, congressionally mandated report, it will prevent more than 230,000 premature deaths annually from \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/pm-pollution/particulate-matter-pm-basics#effects\">microscopic particles\u003c/a> that can make their way deep into the lungs and bloodstream after being discharged by cars, trucks, industrial sites and agricultural operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even here, the law has had demonstrable effects. In 2015, for example, the valley exceeded the federal ozone standard on 55 days, compared to 90 days in 2005 and 113 days in 1995, data from the California Air Resources Board show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a place where agriculture and oil rule, however, the act has become a bone of contention, fueled by an anti-regulatory mood in Washington and a curious and controversial alliance of business interests and the local air pollution control agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The head of that agency, Seyed Sadredin, is a favorite of lawmakers who want to soften the act. In his third appearance before Congress since October 2015, Sadredin \u003ca href=\"https://energycommerce.house.gov/hearings-and-votes/hearings/hr-806-ozone-standards-implementation-act-2017\">complained at a House hearing\u003c/a> this spring about the law’s “artificial and arbitrary” deadlines, which he said could lead to “devastating federal sanctions” in the valley for pollution beyond his regulatory reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Letters to members of Congress\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One example of a letter Seyed Sadredin sent to members of Congress last year, urging them to co-sponsor a bill making changes to the Clean Air Act. The letter argues the region is “hampered by the unintended consequences of many outdated provisions of the Clean Air Act.” The letter was sent to Devin Nunes but accidentally addressed to Congressman Jim Costa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[LetterNunes]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Some of the provisions of the Clean Air Act, although well-intentioned, are leading to unintended consequences,” Sadredin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The key elements of this esoteric drama are these: At the same time the valley is violating federal standards, its chief air pollution cop is deflecting blame and aiding politicians in D.C. eager to pry open a venerable public health statute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Sadredin] is a state officer,” said Jared Blumenfeld, the EPA’s regional administrator in California until last year. “He swears an oath to uphold the Clean Air Act, and yet he is actively working to undermine this important environmental law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Looking for a Scapegoat\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The conflict in the valley has roots going back 70 years. In 1947, Gov. Earl Warren signed into law the Air Pollution Control Act, authorizing each of the state’s 58 counties to create an air pollution control district. Los Angeles County, routinely enveloped in a brown cloud by that point, was the first to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the years passed, state lawmakers came to realize that, as one historical document put it, “air pollution does not respect political boundaries.” At their direction the \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/homepage.htm\">California Air Resources Board\u003c/a> divided the state into \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/knowzone/basin/basin.htm\">15 air basins\u003c/a> based on geological and meteorological characteristics. Starting with one in the Los Angeles basin in 1976, 35 regional air pollution control districts were created to address stationary sources of pollution — oil refineries, power plants, farms — as well as area sources like gas stations and dust from unpaved roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’re not trying to get out of our responsibilities. We just don’t want to be unfairly penalized.’\u003ccite>Seyed Sadredin,\u003cbr>\nSan Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The districts prepare detailed plans stating how they intend to meet Clean Air Act standards. The plans are sent to the Air Resources Board, which regulates mobile pollution sources such as cars and trucks (more rigorously than the federal government — the Trump administration wants to change that). All of this is folded into a single document that goes to the EPA, which can accept or reject all or part of it. If the EPA thinks a state is malingering, it has the power to withhold federal highway funds or impose other sanctions, though it rarely does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/Home.htm\">San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District\u003c/a>, composed of eight former county offices, was formed in 1991. The district, with a staff of 310 and an annual budget of nearly $200 million, faces a herculean task in a region of 4.2 million people.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In Fresno, one in five children has asthma — among the highest rates in the country. Bakersfield — seat of Kern County, California’s oil-producing leviathan — ranked first in the nation for short-term particle pollution in the American Lung Association’s most recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.lung.org/assets/documents/healthy-air/state-of-the-air/state-of-the-air-2017.pdf\">“State of the Air”\u003c/a> report. Valley-wide, 1,200 premature deaths each year are blamed on the bad air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What to do about all of this has become the subject of endless debate and vitriol spewed by a disparate cast of characters and fueled by a changing political climate. In Washington, newly emboldened Republicans and at least one Democrat in Congress are seeking to \u003ca href=\"https://olson.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/olson-capito-flake-manchin-flores-latta-reintroduce-ozone-bill\">stretch compliance deadlines\u003c/a> under the Clean Air Act, calling them unreasonable and counterproductive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many regulators and public health advocates in traditionally liberal California are watching with trepidation, but Sadredin, the air district’s executive director, is not one of them. Within weeks of Donald Trump’s election, Sadredin’s name was atop a \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/documents/PRESIDENTIAL-TRANSITION-WHITE-PAPER.pdf\">“presidential transition white paper”\u003c/a> calling for an end to “costly bureaucratic red tape” associated with the act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In interviews, Sadredin insisted he has no desire to see the law eviscerated and pointed to a district proposal sent to state legislators in February. The document said a redo of the Clean Air Act wouldn’t be necessary if Congress could find some other way to inoculate California’s hazy midsection from EPA sanctions for air pollution beyond local control — from heavy trucks that barrel down Interstate 5 and state Highway 99, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11467563\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11467563\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad.jpg\" alt=\"Haze hangs over a road close to I-5 near Buttonwillow, in Kern County.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HazyRoad-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Haze hangs over a road close to I-5 near Buttonwillow, in Kern County. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We’re not trying to get out of our responsibilities,” Sadredin said. “We just don’t want to be unfairly penalized.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposal, however, leaves open the option of lobbying to weaken the federal law. Dr. Alexander Sherriffs, a physician in the town of Fowler who sits on the district’s 15-member governing board, cast one of two “no” votes against the plan. At his busy clinic, just south of Fresno, Sherriffs lamented the “terrible” rates of childhood asthma he sees. Even more alarming, he said, are heart attacks among adults that may be pollution-related but aren’t recorded as such on death certificates — “hundreds, if not a thousand, a year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Air district seeks oil lobby’s help in D.C.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In this email exchange, a senior staffer at the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District tries to convince the Western States Petroleum Association, a trade group, to send a representative on an upcoming lobbying trip to Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[LetterNoble]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sherriffs acknowledged that anti-pollution measures can be costly. But so are disease and its byproducts: emergency-room visits, medication, lost school days. “We’re paying this hidden expense every day,” he said. The doctor said he’s unwilling to “get off a winning racehorse” and endorse changes to the Clean Air Act. He worries that Sadredin has joined “people with axes” in Washington who want to dismantle the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Unfair Sanctions’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For the past five years, valley residents and business owners have paid a $12 vehicle-registration surcharge for violating the federal one-hour ozone standard. An agreement between the EPA and the air district has allowed the cumulative $168 million in penalties to be used for local projects such as replacement of diesel trucks, school buses and tractors, which contribute to both smog and particle pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin says he fears the EPA could impose more draconian measures on a region of vast oil fields and farms interspersed with swaths of poverty. Among them: “no-drive” and “no-farming” days, and the withholding of billions of dollars in federal highway funds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A federal remedy to bar the imposition of these unfair sanctions is our top legislative priority,” Sadredin told the \u003ca href=\"https://energycommerce.house.gov/hearings-and-votes/hearings/hr-806-ozone-standards-implementation-act-2017\">House Environment Subcommittee\u003c/a> on March 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11463336\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 576px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11463336 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"576\" height=\"408\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut.jpg 576w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut-240x170.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut-375x266.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25397_Kurt-Karperos-qut-520x368.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kurt Karperos of the California Air Resources Board, urged lawmakers not to weaken the Clean Air Act at a hearing on March 22. The state air board says there’s much more the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District can do to reduce pollution from the sources it regulates.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the same hearing, Kurt Karperos, deputy executive officer at the state Air Resources Board, painted a less dire picture and urged lawmakers not to weaken the Clean Air Act. Driven by the law’s health-based deadlines, the state’s air quality has improved even as its economy — the world’s sixth-largest — has “continued to grow and prosper,” Karperos said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clean air advocates – some of whom have clashed with Sadredin for years — say the district has dallied, especially on fine particles. The EPA defines these as being 2.5 micrometers — 1/30th the diameter of a human hair — or smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are constantly looking to put the blame somewhere else, find a scapegoat,” said Dolores Weller, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calcleanair.org/\">Central Valley Air Quality Coalition\u003c/a> in Fresno. “They’re supposed to be a public health agency, but they pride themselves on the customer service they offer to [air-pollution] permit holders. That’s who they want to make happy. They could care less about people who have asthma.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11467565\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11467565\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Gas flaring in an oil production area near Buttonwillow, in Kern County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/GasFlaring-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gas flaring in an oil production area near Buttonwillow, in Kern County. \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The coalition has compiled a list of steps it says the district could take to meet the EPA’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/naaqs/particulate-matter-pm-air-quality-standards\">PM 2.5 standard\u003c/a>, including a ban on the burning of agricultural waste and stricter controls on natural-gas flaring in oil production areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin says the district has adopted more than 600 rules since 1992 and is pondering others. People’s exposure to high smog levels is down by 90 percent since the passage of the Clean Air Act 47 years ago, he says. “If we ever reach a day when we cannot find more things to do to reduce air pollution in the valley, we’ll close shop and I will quit my job,” he wrote in an email to the Center for Public Integrity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin says the federal law’s overlapping deadlines and ever-tightening requirements impede progress in places like the valley: Just as the district figures out how to meet one standard, another appears on the horizon. The Air Resources Board, however, characterizes this as a self-inflicted problem. The San Joaquin Valley air district “has chosen to develop separate plans for individual standards,” the board said in a written statement. In contrast, the South Coast Air Quality Management District, in the Los Angeles area, has found a way to “address all standards simultaneously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“When the air is really bad, everybody in Lost Hills complains — they have weepy eyes, they’re getting sick. We need the air district to do something about this.’\u003ccite>Saul Ruiz, Homeowner\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Sadredin speaks often about a family of chemicals called \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/no2-pollution/basic-information-about-no2#What%20is%20NO2\">nitrogen oxides\u003c/a>, or NOx, which contribute to the valley’s vexing fine-particle problem. Eighty-five percent of NOx emissions come from mobile sources “outside our regulatory authority” — mostly trucks and locomotives — he testified at the House hearing in March. But state officials say that up to half of the particle pollution in the valley comes from sources regulated by the district. In October, the Air Resources Board kicked back for revisions a district plan to address the problem. The plan is scheduled to come up for discussion by the board this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our job is to make sure [districts] are working in tandem and meet federal standards,” board member Dean Florez, a former Democratic state senator from Bakersfield, wrote in an email to the Center for Public Integrity. “If one district goes astray, that’s really concerning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin “does not represent California or other air districts in his messages in D.C.,” Florez wrote. “His constant refrain that they have left no stone unturned is disingenuous. He needs to take a proactive approach to meeting federal and state air quality requirements as opposed to dragging his feet and only complying minimally at the last minute.”\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Pro-business’ Regulator\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Most members of the air district’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/Board_meetings/GB/governing_board_roster.htm\">governing board\u003c/a> have parochial interests: eight of the 15 are county supervisors, five sit on city councils. Ties to oil and agriculture – which together contribute some $40 billion to the valley economy – are strong. The exceptions: two board members appointed by the governor to make sure the health of all valley residents is considered and science is respected as policy is made. Legislation was required to create those seats, which are occupied by Dr. Sherriffs and John Capitman, director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnostate.edu/chhs/cvhpi/\">Central Valley Health Policy Institute\u003c/a> at California State University, Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin, 57, began working for the district in 1981 and became executive director in 2006. In a 2013 radio talk-show interview, he described himself as a “pro-business conservative” and blamed “extremist environmental groups” for the EPA sanctions that led to the $12-per-vehicle surcharge.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The district is scrambling to figure out how to meet the national air standards. The response has been to ask for amendments to the Clean Air Act to give them excuses for not meeting certain requirements.’\u003ccite>Paul Cort, Earthjustice\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The board’s chairman, Fresno City Councilman Oliver L. Baines III, said the initiative merely argued for “common-sense” updates to the law that would help protect low-income communities like his West Fresno district, home to one of the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2013/04/23/worried-about-pollution-where-you-live-check-how-your-zip-code-ranks/\">most polluted ZIP codes in the state.\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nSadredin wrote in an email that he is a “life-long Democrat” who twice voted for Barack Obama. While he reports to a “conservative, pro-Business board,” he wrote, the body “has promulgated clean air programs that serve as a model for the rest of the nation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, the district’s board adopted a Clean Air Act “\u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/2015-Clean-Air-Act-Modernization-Proposal.pdf\">modernization\u003c/a>” proposal, which suggested, among other things, that “technological and economic feasibility” be contemplated along with the health benefits of pollution controls. When the proposal came up for a vote, Sherriffs and Capitman were the only dissenters. Capitman said the plan “picks up the worst ideas in the country on how to move away from the Clean Air Act. I’m extremely uncomfortable about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>A fellow regulator chastises Sadredin for his congressional testimony.\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Immediately after Seyed Sadredin, executive director of the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District, finishes testifying before Congress, his counterpart in California’s San Luis Obispo County expresses his displeasure. “O3” is shorthand for ozone, a key component of smog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[SadredinTestimony]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“No person in my position who represents a disadvantaged community is going to jeopardize public health,” Baines said. But he said he’s puzzled by resistance to legislative remedies that would shield such places from crippling sanctions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We actually approached air quality advocates in the valley and said, ‘Hey, this is what we’d like to do. We would like your support,’ ” Baines said. “And, you know, they refuse to help. They are simply afraid to introduce any legislation that would allow the Clean Air Act to be opened up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emails obtained by the Center for Public Integrity under the California Public Records Act seem to underpin the advocates’ skepticism. They show, for example, that the district solicited the lobbying help of an oil industry trade group, the Western States Petroleum Association, “a strong supporter of our federal efforts to improve the Clean Air Act.” Those efforts have aligned the district with an informal coalition led by \u003ca href=\"http://www.allawgp.com/attorneys/jed-anderson/\">Jed Anderson\u003c/a>, a Houston-area lawyer who represents corporations in pollution cases and runs a website called \u003ca href=\"https://cleanairreform.org/\">cleanairreform.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, Anderson attended a \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/topc/presentations.htm\">district-organized scientific conference\u003c/a> at Yosemite National Park addressing one of Sadredin’s fixations: pollution that drifts into California from as far away as China. The California Air Resources Board says the phenomenon has a negligible effect on the San Joaquin Valley’s air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11463339\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11463339\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25405_Ruiz-family-2-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Ruiz family lives in Lost Hills, near dusty pistachio farms and less than a quarter-mile from an active oil field … and just off I-5, where trucks rumble past day and night. 14-year old Saul Ruiz Jr. gets sudden nosebleeds when the air is bad. 21-year old sister, Ericka, has asthma. Their younger sister, Julissa, falls asleep frequently at school and doctors can’t figure out why. Her parents say it happens more often on bad-air days. \u003ccite>(Sasha Khokha/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a telephone interview, Anderson said he was “blown away” by Sadredin’s commitment to fixing the federal law. Sadredin called Anderson “an interesting character” who had “zero input” on district policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Nosebleeds and Asthma Attacks in Lost Hills\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The 11 members of the Ruiz family breathe some of the valley’s worst air. They live in the Kern County community of Lost Hills, which adjoins an oil field of the same name. Emissions from the field mingle with those from farms and traffic; the Tehachapi Mountains to the southeast hold much of it in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nine Ruiz children suffer chronic health problems their parents blame on pollution. Saul Jr., 14, gets nosebleeds and headaches when the air is especially fetid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’ll be out playing, and suddenly he’s bathed in blood,” his father, Saul Sr., said in Spanish. Twenty-one-year-old Ericka is asthmatic and had attacks so severe when she was younger that she would turn purple, necessitating visits to the emergency room. Nine-year-old Julissa is constantly exhausted and falls asleep in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11463351\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11463351\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25410_Rosanna-demonstrates-indoor-air-monitor-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Environmental Justice organizer Rosanna Esparza shows the Ruiz family how to measure indoor and outdoor air quality with a monitor as part of a community monitoring project. They’ve collected data using Speck Monitors developed at Carnegie Mellon University Robotics Institute. Monitoring data will be collected at 20 homes.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Leaving is out of the question, Saul Sr. said. He stays home on disability and takes care of the children; his wife works at a pistachio-packing plant nearby. “When the air is really bad, everybody in Lost Hills complains — they have weepy eyes, they’re getting sick,” he said. “We need the air district to do something about this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What, exactly, is in the air? It’s hard to say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nearest district air-monitoring stations for ozone and fine particles are about 25 miles and 50 miles away, respectively. With modest foundation funding, Rosanna Esparza, an organizer with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.crpe-ej.org/\">Center on Race, Poverty & the Environment\u003c/a>, last year installed monitors inside and outside 20 homes, including the Ruizes’, in and around Lost Hills. Esparza said the devices have detected spikes of fine particles, which can cause symptoms reported by residents: headaches, lethargy, respiratory problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier sampling outside three homes picked up consistent levels of volatile organic compounds, or VOCs, as well as the toxic gas methane. While none of the individual VOC levels was above short-term limits, Esparza said she worries about the cumulative effects. She expects the current round of testing to continue through August and said the results will be presented to air district officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://bakersfieldnow.com/news/local/armed-with-infrared-camera-citizen-group-monitors-oil-gas-emissions\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re not doing their job,” she said. “Somebody’s got to do it. We shouldn’t be picking up the tab on this kind of work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin said the district has “one of the most extensive air-monitoring systems in the nation.” But each station costs about $500,000 to build and $70,000 a year to maintain, with the EPA traditionally footing most of the bill. People in places like Lost Hills are left with a web-based tool that allows a user to type in an address and get an estimate of local air quality based on computer modeling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County embraces the oil industry as warmly as it does country-music legends Merle Haggard and Buck Owens, who created the rock ‘n’ roll-influenced Bakersfield Sound. More than 80 percent of California’s oil production comes from the county, which had 44,000 active wells in 2015 and, thanks to an ordinance that eased permitting, could have 72,000 more by 2035. Clean air activists like Tom Frantz are a decided minority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frantz, an almond farmer and a member of the Air Resources Board’s Environmental Justice Advisory Committee, complains regularly about flaring — the burning of natural gas for economic or safety reasons — which throws off NOx and VOCs and adds to the valley’s smog and particle burdens. He kept close watch over one flare in the city of Shafter, six-tenths of a mile from an elementary school, which roared off and on for 17 years until it finally was extinguished. Last year the district gave it permission to release 70,017 pounds of pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Explore this interactive map to find out how many active wells there are across Kern County. Circle size corresponds to the number of wells within one mile of a school:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[KernCountyMap]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like having maybe a dozen diesel trucks making a 1-mile loop, continuously, in your neighborhood,” Frantz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The public interest law firm Earthjustice, the “extremist” group to which Sadredin says he was referring in the 2013 radio interview, has challenged — unsuccessfully thus far — district permits issued to two Kern County facilities that accept rail shipments of exceptionally noxious crude oil from North Dakota and tar sands from Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The firm has had better luck pushing back on district air-pollution plans, convincing the EPA and a federal appeals court to reject aspects as deficient. “The district is scrambling to figure out how to meet the national air standards,” said Paul Cort, an Earthjustice lawyer in San Francisco. “The response has been to ask for amendments to the Clean Air Act to give them excuses for not meeting certain requirements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Improving the Process\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/clean-air-act-overview/evolution-clean-air-act\">Clean Air Act\u003c/a> is not immutable. It was amended — fortified — by Congress in 1990 to address airborne chemicals and acid rain. President George H.W. Bush \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=19039\">signed the legislation\u003c/a> — “a demonstration to the American people,” he said, “of my determination that each and every American shall breathe clean air.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, however, some lawmakers want to relax the act rather than strengthen it. The \u003ca href=\"http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF18/20170322/105754/BILLS-115HR806ih.pdf\">bill\u003c/a> on which Sadredin testified in March would, among other things, slow mandatory review of clean air standards by the EPA from every five years to every 10 years and require the agency to consider “technological feasibility” when revising those standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to the Center for Public Integrity, the bill’s sponsor, \u003ca href=\"https://olson.house.gov/\">Rep. Pete Olson\u003c/a>, R-Texas, wrote, “We have made important progress in improving air quality, but state after state has informed us that under the current system, there are Administrative nightmares with respect to compliance and feasibility. We also know that there is pollution beyond our control that drifts into the U.S. from around the world or occurs naturally. This bill is simply about improving the process for state air regulators and industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Janet McCabe, who ran the EPA’s Office of Air and Radiation late in the Obama administration, sees something more ominous at work. The feasibility provision of Olson’s bill is “a big, big deal,” she said in an interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Clean Air Act dictates that standards be health-based, driven by science and not economics, McCabe said; cost comes into play only after the numbers are set. The law already gives states time to devise and implement pollution-control strategies, she said. “They are not expected to do things that are ridiculously costly or that don’t make sense.” Nor are states responsible for pollution beyond their control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An EPA spokeswoman declined to comment on the Olson bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Tighter Standards, More Alarming Science\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It’s true that standards under the act keep changing. In 1997, the federal ozone limit was set at 80 parts per billion. It went down to 75 ppb in 2008 and 70 ppb in 2015 (a number Trump’s EPA chief, Scott Pruitt, is reconsidering). The San Joaquin Valley isn’t projected to hit these targets until 2023, 2031 and 2037, respectively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a reason ozone limits have gotten stricter: The science has gotten scarier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the March 22 hearing, \u003ca href=\"http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF18/20170322/105754/HHRG-115-IF18-Wstate-BousheyH-20170322.pdf\">Dr. Homer Boushey\u003c/a>, a lung specialist at the University of California, San Francisco, said there is mounting evidence that ozone not only worsens asthma in children but also may induce it, and that it causes premature death and neurological changes — like those seen in victims of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s — among adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://docs.house.gov/meetings/IF/IF18/20170322/105754/HHRG-115-IF18-Wstate-KarperosK-20170322.pdf\">Karperos\u003c/a>, of the California Air Resources Board, testified that Olson’s bill “would mean more people would breathe dirty air longer.” He singled out Sadredin’s domain, saying, “The San Joaquin Valley, in particular, is home to high rates of poverty, pollution and asthma. It is especially critical to continue progress in that region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sadredin said he’s spoken privately to progressive elected officials and environmentalists who have warned, “You don’t want to open the act in this Congress, because then they would go beyond some of the reasonable things you’re asking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He finds this illogical, he said, but allowed, “I suppose they have to say things like that — that, you know, the Clean Air Act is the holy grail we should not even think about changing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Jim Morris is managing editor for environment and labor at the \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.publicintegrity.org/\">\u003cem>Center for Public Integrity\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a nonprofit investigative news organization in Washington, D.C. Sasha Khokha is host of KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-california-report/\">\u003cem>The California Report Magazine\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>, a statewide public radio program, and reported for 12 years from Fresno as KQED’s Central Valley bureau chief. Kimberly Kenny, Ana Santos and Carolyn Zhang contributed to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/news/11463233/a-california-regulators-curious-crusade-to-remake-the-clean-air-act",
"authors": [
"byline_news_11463233"
],
"programs": [
"news_6944",
"news_72"
],
"categories": [
"news_19906",
"news_457",
"news_8",
"news_356"
],
"tags": [
"news_2036",
"news_2928",
"news_20962",
"news_1116",
"news_19542",
"news_2920",
"news_312",
"news_17286",
"news_17041"
],
"affiliates": [
"news_18975"
],
"featImg": "news_11467102",
"label": "news_72"
},
"news_11465076": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "news_11465076",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11465076",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1495226660000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "news",
"term": 72
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1495226660,
"format": "audio",
"disqusTitle": "Nearly $1 Million in Stolen Bees Recovered in Fresno",
"title": "Nearly $1 Million in Stolen Bees Recovered in Fresno",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Fresno authorities say they've uncovered the biggest beehive theft they've ever seen. They recovered nearly a $1 million worth of bees belonging to a dozen victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sgt. Arley Terrence of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnosheriff.org/units/specialty-units/ag-task-force.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fresno County Sheriff’s Department Agricultural Crimes Task Force\u003c/a> said detectives got a tip about some stolen hives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they showed up at an orchard on the outskirts of town, they found 51-year-old Pavel Tveretinov in a beekeeper suit tending to a motley assortment of beehives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was like a chop shop of stolen bees,\" Terrence said Thursday. \"There were just lots and lots of different bee boxes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11466903\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11466903\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-800x703.jpg\" alt=\"Investigators discovered hives with a variety of distinctive markings, indicating they belonged to different owners.\" width=\"800\" height=\"703\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-800x703.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-160x141.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-1020x896.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-1180x1037.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-960x844.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-240x211.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-375x329.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-520x457.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Investigators discovered hives with a variety of distinctive markings, indicating they belonged to different owners. \u003ccite>(Detective Andres Solis/Fresno County Sheriff's Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In total, detectives discovered 2,500 stolen hives, which Terrence said belong to 12 different victims. Authorities believe all the bees were stolen in California over the past three years. Many belong to local beekeepers, but some hail from as far away as Montana and Missouri.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"3XSsB28NIwUnhY3CmG3jjtJHDcG0L3tT\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's common for out-of-state beekeepers to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/09/519500033/bees-travel-cross-country-for-the-california-almond-harvest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">truck in bees to pollinate California nut crops\u003c/a>, which are a tidy source of revenue for the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almond farming alone contributed \u003ca href=\"http://aic.ucdavis.edu/almonds/Economic%20Impacts%20of%20California%20Almond%20Industry_Full%20Report_FinalPDF_v2.pdf\">over $7 billion\u003c/a> to the California economy in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11465086\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11465086\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In total, investigators found about 2,500 stolen hives. \u003ccite>(Detective Andres Solis/Fresno County Sheriff's Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Terrence said Tveretinov knows the beekeeping trade. \"He used that to his advantage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators believe Tveretinov worked at night, snatching truckloads of bees out of orchards they were hired to pollinate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They said he supplemented his own hives with those he stole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He would move through the state using other people's bees to contract with farmers, and then collected those fees,\" Terrence said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11467018\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11467018\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-800x808.jpg\" alt=\"The suspect in the beehive theft, 51-year-old Pavel Tveretinov.\" width=\"800\" height=\"808\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-160x162.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-240x242.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-375x379.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-520x525.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The suspect in the beehive theft, 51-year-old Pavel Tveretinov. \u003ccite>(Fresno County Sheriff's Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Detectives had help from what Terrence calls a close-knit Russian-Ukrainian beekeeping community in Northern California. Tveretinov is Russian-Ukranian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're all familiar with each other,\" Terrence said of the beekeepers, \"and they had suspected that he was stealing bees.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tveretinov was arrested on April 28 on suspicion of possessing stolen property and released on $10,000 bail. He is expected to be charged with possession of stolen property and grand theft.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "11465076 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11465076",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/19/nearly-1-million-in-stolen-bees-recovered-in-fresno/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 405,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1495562786,
"excerpt": "Bees are big money, and authorities say they've uncovered the biggest beehive theft they've ever seen. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Bees are big money, and authorities say they've uncovered the biggest beehive theft they've ever seen. ",
"title": "Nearly $1 Million in Stolen Bees Recovered in Fresno | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "NewsArticle",
"headline": "Nearly $1 Million in Stolen Bees Recovered in Fresno",
"datePublished": "2017-05-19T13:44:20-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-05-23T11:06:26-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"isAccessibleForFree": "True",
"publisher": {
"@type": "NewsMediaOrganization",
"@id": "https://www.kqed.org/#organization",
"name": "KQED",
"logo": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"url": "https://www.kqed.org",
"sameAs": [
"https://www.facebook.com/KQED",
"https://twitter.com/KQED",
"https://www.instagram.com/kqed/",
"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial",
"https://www.linkedin.com/company/kqed",
"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeC0IOo7i1P_61zVUWbJ4nw"
]
}
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "nearly-1-million-in-stolen-bees-recovered-in-fresno",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/05/2017-05-19e-tcr.mp3",
"guestFields": "0",
"path": "/news/11465076/nearly-1-million-in-stolen-bees-recovered-in-fresno",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Fresno authorities say they've uncovered the biggest beehive theft they've ever seen. They recovered nearly a $1 million worth of bees belonging to a dozen victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sgt. Arley Terrence of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnosheriff.org/units/specialty-units/ag-task-force.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fresno County Sheriff’s Department Agricultural Crimes Task Force\u003c/a> said detectives got a tip about some stolen hives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they showed up at an orchard on the outskirts of town, they found 51-year-old Pavel Tveretinov in a beekeeper suit tending to a motley assortment of beehives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was like a chop shop of stolen bees,\" Terrence said Thursday. \"There were just lots and lots of different bee boxes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11466903\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11466903\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-800x703.jpg\" alt=\"Investigators discovered hives with a variety of distinctive markings, indicating they belonged to different owners.\" width=\"800\" height=\"703\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-800x703.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-160x141.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-1020x896.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-1180x1037.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-960x844.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-240x211.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-375x329.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-520x457.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Investigators discovered hives with a variety of distinctive markings, indicating they belonged to different owners. \u003ccite>(Detective Andres Solis/Fresno County Sheriff's Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In total, detectives discovered 2,500 stolen hives, which Terrence said belong to 12 different victims. Authorities believe all the bees were stolen in California over the past three years. Many belong to local beekeepers, but some hail from as far away as Montana and Missouri.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's common for out-of-state beekeepers to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/09/519500033/bees-travel-cross-country-for-the-california-almond-harvest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">truck in bees to pollinate California nut crops\u003c/a>, which are a tidy source of revenue for the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almond farming alone contributed \u003ca href=\"http://aic.ucdavis.edu/almonds/Economic%20Impacts%20of%20California%20Almond%20Industry_Full%20Report_FinalPDF_v2.pdf\">over $7 billion\u003c/a> to the California economy in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11465086\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11465086\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In total, investigators found about 2,500 stolen hives. \u003ccite>(Detective Andres Solis/Fresno County Sheriff's Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Terrence said Tveretinov knows the beekeeping trade. \"He used that to his advantage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators believe Tveretinov worked at night, snatching truckloads of bees out of orchards they were hired to pollinate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They said he supplemented his own hives with those he stole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He would move through the state using other people's bees to contract with farmers, and then collected those fees,\" Terrence said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11467018\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11467018\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-800x808.jpg\" alt=\"The suspect in the beehive theft, 51-year-old Pavel Tveretinov.\" width=\"800\" height=\"808\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-160x162.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-240x242.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-375x379.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-520x525.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The suspect in the beehive theft, 51-year-old Pavel Tveretinov. \u003ccite>(Fresno County Sheriff's Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Detectives had help from what Terrence calls a close-knit Russian-Ukrainian beekeeping community in Northern California. Tveretinov is Russian-Ukranian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're all familiar with each other,\" Terrence said of the beekeepers, \"and they had suspected that he was stealing bees.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tveretinov was arrested on April 28 on suspicion of possessing stolen property and released on $10,000 bail. He is expected to be charged with possession of stolen property and grand theft.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/news/11465076/nearly-1-million-in-stolen-bees-recovered-in-fresno",
"authors": [
"11276"
],
"programs": [
"news_72"
],
"categories": [
"news_19906",
"news_6188",
"news_8",
"news_356"
],
"tags": [
"news_18132",
"news_2199",
"news_37",
"news_17286"
],
"featImg": "news_11467030",
"label": "news_72"
},
"news_11463162": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "news_11463162",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11463162",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1495056216000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "news",
"term": 6944
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1495056216,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Air District Blames Chevron's Richmond Refinery for S.F. Odor",
"title": "Air District Blames Chevron's Richmond Refinery for S.F. Odor",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Local air regulators have issued four notices of violation against Chevron for malfunctions at its Richmond refinery that sent toxic gas into the air last December, moments before residents on the other side of San Francisco Bay complained of a sulfurlike odor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District says it has completed its investigation into the mysterious smell in San Francisco and Richmond on Dec. 28, 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district says malfunctions at the refinery led to releases that caused a rotten egg odor to waft into the two cities, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/28/air-district-launches-investigation-into-san-francisco-sulfur-smell/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">prompting dozens of complaints to dispatchers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"00UvBySTy99rhXPYOIxAHNZ8dQyryMuq\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency issued the violations to the refinery on Tuesday. Two of the penalties are for releasing too much hydrogen sulfide and two are for public nuisance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This incident caused widespread concern throughout San Francisco and Richmond,\" said Jack Broadbent, the air district's chief executive officer, in a statement released Wednesday. \"We will be seeking the maximum penalties available to us for this incident. In addition to being cited for this incident, Chevron will be required to make changes to their operations to ensure it doesn't happen again,\" .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron disputes the agency's findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a complex issue, but given the small amount of H2S (hydrogen sulfide) released, the 11-mile distance across the Bay, and the wide geography of the odor complaints, we believe it is unlikely that the flaring was the source of the odors,\" Chevron spokeswoman Leah Casey wrote in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeks after the refinery malfunctions, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/06/mysterious-s-f-odors-preceded-by-high-levels-of-toxic-gas-in-richmond/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED revealed that elevated concentrations\u003c/a> of that toxic gas were detected by one of Chevron's air monitors minutes before people smelled the odor in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district says it analyzed data from air monitors near the refinery as part of its investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED's report prompted San Francisco Supervisor \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/10/s-f-supervisor-wants-answers-from-chevron-on-toxic-gas-release-and-odor/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mark Farrell to call for a City Hall hearing\u003c/a>. Farrell said that hearing would include Chevron executives and air quality experts.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "11463162 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11463162",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/17/air-district-blames-chevrons-richmond-refinery-for-s-f-odor/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 331,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 13
},
"modified": 1495068757,
"excerpt": "'Chevron will be required to make changes to their operations to ensure it doesn't happen again,' says air district official, as four notices of violation are issued. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "'Chevron will be required to make changes to their operations to ensure it doesn't happen again,' says air district official, as four notices of violation are issued. ",
"title": "Air District Blames Chevron's Richmond Refinery for S.F. Odor | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "NewsArticle",
"headline": "Air District Blames Chevron's Richmond Refinery for S.F. Odor",
"datePublished": "2017-05-17T14:23:36-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-05-17T17:52:37-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"isAccessibleForFree": "True",
"publisher": {
"@type": "NewsMediaOrganization",
"@id": "https://www.kqed.org/#organization",
"name": "KQED",
"logo": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"url": "https://www.kqed.org",
"sameAs": [
"https://www.facebook.com/KQED",
"https://twitter.com/KQED",
"https://www.instagram.com/kqed/",
"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial",
"https://www.linkedin.com/company/kqed",
"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeC0IOo7i1P_61zVUWbJ4nw"
]
}
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "air-district-blames-chevrons-richmond-refinery-for-s-f-odor",
"status": "publish",
"path": "/news/11463162/air-district-blames-chevrons-richmond-refinery-for-s-f-odor",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Local air regulators have issued four notices of violation against Chevron for malfunctions at its Richmond refinery that sent toxic gas into the air last December, moments before residents on the other side of San Francisco Bay complained of a sulfurlike odor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area Air Quality Management District says it has completed its investigation into the mysterious smell in San Francisco and Richmond on Dec. 28, 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district says malfunctions at the refinery led to releases that caused a rotten egg odor to waft into the two cities, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/28/air-district-launches-investigation-into-san-francisco-sulfur-smell/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">prompting dozens of complaints to dispatchers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency issued the violations to the refinery on Tuesday. Two of the penalties are for releasing too much hydrogen sulfide and two are for public nuisance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This incident caused widespread concern throughout San Francisco and Richmond,\" said Jack Broadbent, the air district's chief executive officer, in a statement released Wednesday. \"We will be seeking the maximum penalties available to us for this incident. In addition to being cited for this incident, Chevron will be required to make changes to their operations to ensure it doesn't happen again,\" .\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron disputes the agency's findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a complex issue, but given the small amount of H2S (hydrogen sulfide) released, the 11-mile distance across the Bay, and the wide geography of the odor complaints, we believe it is unlikely that the flaring was the source of the odors,\" Chevron spokeswoman Leah Casey wrote in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weeks after the refinery malfunctions, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/06/mysterious-s-f-odors-preceded-by-high-levels-of-toxic-gas-in-richmond/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">KQED revealed that elevated concentrations\u003c/a> of that toxic gas were detected by one of Chevron's air monitors minutes before people smelled the odor in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The air district says it analyzed data from air monitors near the refinery as part of its investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED's report prompted San Francisco Supervisor \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/10/s-f-supervisor-wants-answers-from-chevron-on-toxic-gas-release-and-odor/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Mark Farrell to call for a City Hall hearing\u003c/a>. Farrell said that hearing would include Chevron executives and air quality experts.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/news/11463162/air-district-blames-chevrons-richmond-refinery-for-s-f-odor",
"authors": [
"258"
],
"programs": [
"news_6944"
],
"categories": [
"news_19906",
"news_457",
"news_6188",
"news_8",
"news_356"
],
"tags": [
"news_4223",
"news_579"
],
"featImg": "news_141513",
"label": "news_6944"
},
"science_1645216": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1645216",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1645216",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1495047727000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1495047727,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Most of California’s Salmon and Trout Could be Extinct in 100 Years, Report Says",
"headTitle": "Most of California’s Salmon and Trout Could be Extinct in 100 Years, Report Says | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Conservation groups, fishing organizations and biologists have been working tirelessly for decades to protect California’s trout and salmon. They have restored floodplains where juveniles find food and shelter, are arranging to remove obstructive dams from the Klamath River and are constantly badgering water agencies to maintain suitable flows in important spawning streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new report released Tuesday suggests their efforts may be largely for naught. Three-fourths of California’s native species and subspecies of salmonids may be extinct within 100 years, according to biologists at UC Davis and the watershed advocacy group California Trout. In their study, “\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://caltrout.org/sos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">State of the Salmonids \u003cspan class=\"caps\">II\u003c/span>: Fish in Hot Water\u003c/a>,” the authors warned that climate change impacts and the severe degradation of habitat of wild rivers that continues to this day could extinguish almost half of California’s 32 types of native salmon and trout within 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maintaining populations of wild salmon and trout is important since it essentially requires maintaining healthy sources of clean, cold water, which is good for much more than just fish. “Resilient fish populations indicate healthy waters, important for drinking water, agriculture, commerce and the health of people and the environments in which we live,” the report notes. “Declining fish populations indicate degraded waters, which threaten the health and economic well-being of all Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">River water just a few degrees above a critical threshold can easily kill salmon and trout at any of their life stages.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to the report, the most threatened of California’s native salmonids are the southern steelhead, the winter-run Sacramento River Chinook salmon and the Central California coho salmon. The bull trout, last seen in California in the McCloud River in 1975, is already locally extinct. The coastal rainbow trout, the biologists said, may be California’s only native salmonid to survive for the long haul in any abundance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists wrote that agricultural demands for river water, population growth and alteration of the San Francisco Bay and Delta ecosystem are major factors affecting salmonids’ long-term survival odds. Fish hatcheries that boost catchable numbers of salmon and steelhead but dilute native species’ gene pools are also problematic. Wildfires, which are getting bigger and more frequent, also pose a threat to mountain trout populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No single stressor, however, is likely to outweigh the broad and devastating impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is the major, overarching anthropogenic threat affecting salmonids in California,” the authors wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>River water just a few degrees above a critical threshold can easily kill salmon and trout at any of their life stages, from fertilized egg to spawning adult. This makes rising temperatures especially worrisome. Because mountain snowpack will melt earlier and faster each year under warmer conditions, streams may swell more rapidly to flood stages in the spring, then quickly diminish again in the hot, dry summer months – precisely when certain runs of fish need cold water the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warming trends could also upend wind and current cycles that drive ocean upwelling, which brings nutrients to the surface and provides food for salmon. Even sea level rise, caused by the melting of polar ice caps, will impact salmon by submerging valuable marshland and lagoons where young fish find shelter and food, the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the authors said there is hope for preserving fish populations. Curtis Knight, executive director of California Trout, said at a press conference Tuesday that restoring mountain meadows could be one effective strategy for keeping spawning streams flowing all year. That’s because meadows can absorb water like giant sponges and release it slowly into creeks through the dry summer months – a service currently provided by summer snowpack but which is threatened by global warming. [contextly_sidebar id=”e2GY1Y97n10ptpmylbto1I9omPPwLiJt”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors also recommended restoring floodplains alongside rivers. Research by California Trout has demonstrated that flooding seasonal cropland in the Sacramento Valley can significantly improve survival rates of juvenile Chinook salmon born far upstream. Inundated floodplains provide young fish with abundant food as well as refuge from predators and deadly irrigation pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Report coauthor Peter Moyle, a biologist with \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> Davis’s Center for Watershed Sciences, wrote in a foreword to the study that preserving salmon and trout in California will make waves far beyond the state’s own waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[W]hat we Californians do to enhance the resilience of our native fishes is likely to set examples for the rest of the world,” Moyle wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Knight said that keeping cold water flowing through a natural stream channel – the basic conditions that trout and salmon need – shouldn’t be a terribly difficult task in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">“We’re the innovators, the pioneers, one of the most important food-producing regions in the world, and the leaders in technology,” he wrote. “What would the loss of our native fish mean for who we are?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cem>This article originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>, and you can find the original \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/05/17/report-extinction-looming-for-most-of-californias-salmon-and-trout\">here\u003c/a>. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003ca href=\"http://nwsdp.ly/waterlist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sign up to the Water Deeply email list\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 884,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 16
},
"modified": 1704928739,
"excerpt": "Climate change is the single biggest threat to native salmonids in California, according to a new study from California Trout and the University of California, Davis.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Climate change is the single biggest threat to native salmonids in California, according to a new study from California Trout and the University of California, Davis.",
"title": "Most of California’s Salmon and Trout Could be Extinct in 100 Years, Report Says | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Most of California’s Salmon and Trout Could be Extinct in 100 Years, Report Says",
"datePublished": "2017-05-17T12:02:07-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:18:59-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "most-of-californias-salmon-and-trout-could-be-extinct-in-100-years-report",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Alastair Bland\u003cBR />Water Deeply\u003c/strong>",
"sticky": false,
"path": "/science/1645216/most-of-californias-salmon-and-trout-could-be-extinct-in-100-years-report",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Conservation groups, fishing organizations and biologists have been working tirelessly for decades to protect California’s trout and salmon. They have restored floodplains where juveniles find food and shelter, are arranging to remove obstructive dams from the Klamath River and are constantly badgering water agencies to maintain suitable flows in important spawning streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new report released Tuesday suggests their efforts may be largely for naught. Three-fourths of California’s native species and subspecies of salmonids may be extinct within 100 years, according to biologists at UC Davis and the watershed advocacy group California Trout. In their study, “\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://caltrout.org/sos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">State of the Salmonids \u003cspan class=\"caps\">II\u003c/span>: Fish in Hot Water\u003c/a>,” the authors warned that climate change impacts and the severe degradation of habitat of wild rivers that continues to this day could extinguish almost half of California’s 32 types of native salmon and trout within 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maintaining populations of wild salmon and trout is important since it essentially requires maintaining healthy sources of clean, cold water, which is good for much more than just fish. “Resilient fish populations indicate healthy waters, important for drinking water, agriculture, commerce and the health of people and the environments in which we live,” the report notes. “Declining fish populations indicate degraded waters, which threaten the health and economic well-being of all Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">River water just a few degrees above a critical threshold can easily kill salmon and trout at any of their life stages.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to the report, the most threatened of California’s native salmonids are the southern steelhead, the winter-run Sacramento River Chinook salmon and the Central California coho salmon. The bull trout, last seen in California in the McCloud River in 1975, is already locally extinct. The coastal rainbow trout, the biologists said, may be California’s only native salmonid to survive for the long haul in any abundance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists wrote that agricultural demands for river water, population growth and alteration of the San Francisco Bay and Delta ecosystem are major factors affecting salmonids’ long-term survival odds. Fish hatcheries that boost catchable numbers of salmon and steelhead but dilute native species’ gene pools are also problematic. Wildfires, which are getting bigger and more frequent, also pose a threat to mountain trout populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No single stressor, however, is likely to outweigh the broad and devastating impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is the major, overarching anthropogenic threat affecting salmonids in California,” the authors wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>River water just a few degrees above a critical threshold can easily kill salmon and trout at any of their life stages, from fertilized egg to spawning adult. This makes rising temperatures especially worrisome. Because mountain snowpack will melt earlier and faster each year under warmer conditions, streams may swell more rapidly to flood stages in the spring, then quickly diminish again in the hot, dry summer months – precisely when certain runs of fish need cold water the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warming trends could also upend wind and current cycles that drive ocean upwelling, which brings nutrients to the surface and provides food for salmon. Even sea level rise, caused by the melting of polar ice caps, will impact salmon by submerging valuable marshland and lagoons where young fish find shelter and food, the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the authors said there is hope for preserving fish populations. Curtis Knight, executive director of California Trout, said at a press conference Tuesday that restoring mountain meadows could be one effective strategy for keeping spawning streams flowing all year. That’s because meadows can absorb water like giant sponges and release it slowly into creeks through the dry summer months – a service currently provided by summer snowpack but which is threatened by global warming. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors also recommended restoring floodplains alongside rivers. Research by California Trout has demonstrated that flooding seasonal cropland in the Sacramento Valley can significantly improve survival rates of juvenile Chinook salmon born far upstream. Inundated floodplains provide young fish with abundant food as well as refuge from predators and deadly irrigation pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Report coauthor Peter Moyle, a biologist with \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> Davis’s Center for Watershed Sciences, wrote in a foreword to the study that preserving salmon and trout in California will make waves far beyond the state’s own waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[W]hat we Californians do to enhance the resilience of our native fishes is likely to set examples for the rest of the world,” Moyle wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Knight said that keeping cold water flowing through a natural stream channel – the basic conditions that trout and salmon need – shouldn’t be a terribly difficult task in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">“We’re the innovators, the pioneers, one of the most important food-producing regions in the world, and the leaders in technology,” he wrote. “What would the loss of our native fish mean for who we are?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cem>This article originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>, and you can find the original \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/05/17/report-extinction-looming-for-most-of-californias-salmon-and-trout\">here\u003c/a>. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003ca href=\"http://nwsdp.ly/waterlist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sign up to the Water Deeply email list\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1645216/most-of-californias-salmon-and-trout-could-be-extinct-in-100-years-report",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1645216"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_260",
"science_556",
"science_247"
],
"featImg": "science_14173",
"label": "science"
},
"science_1642514": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1642514",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1642514",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1494970972000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1494970972,
"format": "standard",
"title": "How the Colorado River’s Future Depends on California's Salton Sea",
"headTitle": "How the Colorado River’s Future Depends on California’s Salton Sea | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>California’s largest lake, the Salton Sea, is an accident. It was created in 1905 when a levee broke on an irrigation canal, flooding a giant desert playa. Today it has become a sticking point in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/11/16/drought-on-colorado-river-sparks-revolutionary-idea-sharing-water/\">negotiations between three states\u003c/a> over the future of the Colorado River.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\"> The Salton Sea now is a major stopover for birds on the Pacific Flyway. A total of 424 bird species have been observed on the Salton Sea so far.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The three states – California, Arizona and Nevada – are in the midst of negotiating a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cap-az.com/departments/planning/colorado-river-programs/drought-contingency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drought contingency plan\u003c/a> (DCP). It would commit each state to reducing diversions from the Colorado River in order to prevent Lake Mead from shrinking to disastrously low levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is relying on \u003ca href=\"http://www.iid.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Imperial Irrigation District\u003c/a> to make a significant contribution, because it is the largest single diverter of Colorado River water. But if the district reduces its diversions, that will mean less farm runoff draining into the \u003ca href=\"http://saltonsea.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Salton Sea\u003c/a>. This means the sea will shrink, causing a cascade of ecological problems for which the district is partly liable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help us understand all this, Water Deeply recently spoke with Michael Cohen, a senior research associate at the \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacific Institute\u003c/a>, a water policy think-tank based in Oakland. Cohen specializes in Salton Sea and Colorado River issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1642517\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-800x561.jpeg\" alt=\"Michael Cohen of the Pacific Institute\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1642517\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-800x561.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-160x112.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-768x538.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-240x168.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-375x263.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-520x364.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen.jpeg 812w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Cohen of the Pacific Institute studies the Salton Sea and its implications for water management in the Colorado River system. \u003ccite>(Michael Cohen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Why is the drought contingency plan (DCP) important?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Cohen: The DCP is important because, essentially, the Colorado River is over-allocated. Particularly in the lower basin, they have what’s called a structural deficit: In normal years, 1.2 million acre-feet [1.5 billion cubic meters] more water flows out of Lake Mead than flows in. So Lake Mead drops by roughly 12ft [3.6m] per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that trajectory, it pretty quickly reaches dead pool, meaning there’s no water left in Mead, which then means no water for Southern California and the Central Arizona Project, and 90 percent of the Las Vegas metro area’s water supply dries up. So you’re talking about 30 million people who depend on Lake Mead. Not to mention 1 million acres [400,000 hectares] of irrigated land. And it’s a major hydropower producer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lake Mead is pretty critical to the Southwest generally. They’re trying with the DCP to avert this structural deficit and reduce the amount of water we’re taking out of Mead, to get it closer into balance with actual supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How is the Salton Sea connected to these negotiations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: The DCP is connected to the Salton Sea because the plan expects that Imperial Irrigation District (IID) would take less water from the Colorado River. When Lake Mead drops to elevation 1,045, California is expected to reduce its take from the Colorado River, for the first time, by 200,000 acre-feet [250 million cubic meters]. In the most recent DCP terms I saw, Imperial Irrigation District would provide 60 percent of that reduction, so IID would reduce its take of the river by 120,000 acre-feet [150 million cubic meters].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Can the DCP proceed without Imperial Irrigation District?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: In theory it could, because the other California parties, the largest being Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, could say they’ll step up and meet California’s obligations. But in practice, Met is less likely to forego that amount of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IID has certainly stated they need some assurances on the Salton Sea before they move forward on the DCP. They’re a key player. Without IID, California can’t meet its DCP obligations. A 200,000–350,000 acre-foot [250–430 million cubic meters] reduction is counting on IID participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What effect does this have on the Salton Sea?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1642516\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-800x601.jpg\" alt=\"A map shows the location of the Salton Sea and the Colorado River Basin.\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1642516\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-800x601.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-768x577.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-1180x887.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-960x721.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-375x282.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-520x391.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map shows the location of the Salton Sea and the Colorado River Basin. \u003ccite>(Central Basin Water District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cohen: Somewhere in the order of 85 percent of the water flowing to the Salton Sea comes from the Imperial Valley. Essentially, it’s surface water and tile drainage from farm fields. As IID takes less water from the Colorado River, that means less water flows to the Salton Sea. Because the Salton Sea is a terminal lake, when less water flows in, the Salton Sea shrinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the concern is that, because of the DCP, the Salton Sea would be smaller than it would be otherwise. As the sea shrinks, some of that land is exposed, and dust blows off that land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under existing regulations of the local air district, the landowner is responsible for dust that’s emitted off lands in the Imperial Valley. IID is a major landowner, particularly at the southern end of the Salton Sea, and IID is liable for a lot of the dust getting blown off the Salton Sea. So as the sea shrinks, it represents a direct cost to IID. That’s the crux of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdcwa.org/quantification-settlement-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quantification Settlement Agreement (QSA)\u003c/a> of 2003 (a water transfer from IID to San Diego), there was an agreement that said as the Salton Sea shrinks, essentially the state of California backstops liability or mitigation requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The QSA parties – Imperial Irrigation District, San Diego County Water Authority and Coachella Valley Water District – have met their responsibility to pay into a mitigation fund. But they capped it because they didn’t know what the total cost would be, although they knew it would be huge. So the state of California said, “We will assume liability for costs that exceed the costs these parties agreed to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IID has put the state on notice that it hasn’t lived up to its part of the deal, which is to put together a mitigation plan to deal with the Salton Sea as it shrinks. And now there are negotiations over the DCP, which is essentially going to exacerbate the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Has there been any progress on that state’s mitigation plan?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: The state came out [in March] with what they’re calling a “\u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/salton-sea/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">draft 10-year plan for the Salton Sea.\u003c/a>” The QSA allowed 15 years to come up with a plan, and it said in the interim we’re going to require IID to deliver mitigation water to offset the impacts of the transfer to San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is the 15th year. So at the end of this year, that requirement goes away. And next year, the Salton Sea is going to start dropping very rapidly because it will no longer get that mitigation water from IID. All of a sudden, it’s going to receive 10–15 percent less water. So, essentially, it’s going over a cliff. IID is seeing this and saying, “Hold on, we need to deal with this problem before we move on to the DCP.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state really needed to do this plan five-plus years ago so these projects were being implemented now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Why is it a problem if the Salton Sea shrinks?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: There are two main challenges. One is that it exposes lakebed, which creates dust, and that’s a major public health threat. The Imperial and Coachella valleys already fail to meet air-quality requirements, and asthma rates are already higher than the state average. So, your baseline is an already-bad air-quality situation, which is going to be exacerbated as the Salton Sea shrinks and more dust blows off that lakebed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next concern is that as the Salton Sea shrinks, it gets much saltier and other water-quality parameters also decline. Which means that, first, the fish die off. That’s already started to happen. Then a lot of the food sources for the birds die off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salton Sea now is a major stopover for birds on the Pacific Flyway. A total of 424 bird species have been observed on the Salton Sea so far. And of course, in California there are far fewer wetlands than there were historically. We’ve dried up 90–95 percent of the wetlands in California. So these migratory birds have far fewer places to rest and refuel. The Salton Sea has filled that niche. As water quality continues to degrade, it’s no longer going to be able to provide that function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Will the state’s 10-year plan satisfy IID?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: I think that remains to be seen. IID was not satisfied with the draft they saw last December. But my hope is that California takes those concerns into consideration and redrafts the plan to meet those concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What are the restoration costs at the Salton Sea?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: We don’t know what the total cost is because it depends how much is dedicated to water quality versus air quality and how they allocate those costs. Odds are, we’re looking at $1 billion-plus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one of the benefits of the Salton Sea is we don’t need to pay for everything at once. Those projects can be phased in over time so you can pay for them over time. You can just build them as the sea recedes and you get benefits as you go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m hopeful that the pieces are starting to line up and we can start to see some progress. I think the governor is paying attention to this, the legislature is paying more attention. It’s a little late, but I think there’s still an opportunity to make a real difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some respects, dramatic change is inevitable at the Salton Sea. Essentially, what we’re going to shift from is a Salton Sea people recognize now to a very different, very managed system. But this managed system can still provide a lot of benefits. It could still be a very functional ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>, and you can find it \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2017/05/16/how-the-colorado-rivers-future-depends-on-the-salton-sea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sign up\u003c/a> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1731,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 38
},
"modified": 1704928743,
"excerpt": "California’s giant desert lake is key to negotiations over the future of Colorado River water supplies. It’s a battle between millions of water users and a complex and troubled ecosystem.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "California’s giant desert lake is key to negotiations over the future of Colorado River water supplies. It’s a battle between millions of water users and a complex and troubled ecosystem.",
"title": "How the Colorado River’s Future Depends on California's Salton Sea | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "How the Colorado River’s Future Depends on California's Salton Sea",
"datePublished": "2017-05-16T14:42:52-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T15:19:03-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "salton-sea",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "https://www.newsdeeply.com",
"nprByline": "Matt Weiser",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Water Deeply",
"path": "/science/1642514/salton-sea",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California’s largest lake, the Salton Sea, is an accident. It was created in 1905 when a levee broke on an irrigation canal, flooding a giant desert playa. Today it has become a sticking point in \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/11/16/drought-on-colorado-river-sparks-revolutionary-idea-sharing-water/\">negotiations between three states\u003c/a> over the future of the Colorado River.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\"> The Salton Sea now is a major stopover for birds on the Pacific Flyway. A total of 424 bird species have been observed on the Salton Sea so far.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The three states – California, Arizona and Nevada – are in the midst of negotiating a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cap-az.com/departments/planning/colorado-river-programs/drought-contingency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drought contingency plan\u003c/a> (DCP). It would commit each state to reducing diversions from the Colorado River in order to prevent Lake Mead from shrinking to disastrously low levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is relying on \u003ca href=\"http://www.iid.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Imperial Irrigation District\u003c/a> to make a significant contribution, because it is the largest single diverter of Colorado River water. But if the district reduces its diversions, that will mean less farm runoff draining into the \u003ca href=\"http://saltonsea.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Salton Sea\u003c/a>. This means the sea will shrink, causing a cascade of ecological problems for which the district is partly liable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To help us understand all this, Water Deeply recently spoke with Michael Cohen, a senior research associate at the \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pacific Institute\u003c/a>, a water policy think-tank based in Oakland. Cohen specializes in Salton Sea and Colorado River issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1642517\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-800x561.jpeg\" alt=\"Michael Cohen of the Pacific Institute\" width=\"800\" height=\"561\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1642517\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-800x561.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-160x112.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-768x538.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-240x168.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-375x263.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen-520x364.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/Cohen.jpeg 812w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Michael Cohen of the Pacific Institute studies the Salton Sea and its implications for water management in the Colorado River system. \u003ccite>(Michael Cohen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Why is the drought contingency plan (DCP) important?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Cohen: The DCP is important because, essentially, the Colorado River is over-allocated. Particularly in the lower basin, they have what’s called a structural deficit: In normal years, 1.2 million acre-feet [1.5 billion cubic meters] more water flows out of Lake Mead than flows in. So Lake Mead drops by roughly 12ft [3.6m] per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given that trajectory, it pretty quickly reaches dead pool, meaning there’s no water left in Mead, which then means no water for Southern California and the Central Arizona Project, and 90 percent of the Las Vegas metro area’s water supply dries up. So you’re talking about 30 million people who depend on Lake Mead. Not to mention 1 million acres [400,000 hectares] of irrigated land. And it’s a major hydropower producer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lake Mead is pretty critical to the Southwest generally. They’re trying with the DCP to avert this structural deficit and reduce the amount of water we’re taking out of Mead, to get it closer into balance with actual supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: How is the Salton Sea connected to these negotiations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: The DCP is connected to the Salton Sea because the plan expects that Imperial Irrigation District (IID) would take less water from the Colorado River. When Lake Mead drops to elevation 1,045, California is expected to reduce its take from the Colorado River, for the first time, by 200,000 acre-feet [250 million cubic meters]. In the most recent DCP terms I saw, Imperial Irrigation District would provide 60 percent of that reduction, so IID would reduce its take of the river by 120,000 acre-feet [150 million cubic meters].\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Can the DCP proceed without Imperial Irrigation District?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: In theory it could, because the other California parties, the largest being Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, could say they’ll step up and meet California’s obligations. But in practice, Met is less likely to forego that amount of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IID has certainly stated they need some assurances on the Salton Sea before they move forward on the DCP. They’re a key player. Without IID, California can’t meet its DCP obligations. A 200,000–350,000 acre-foot [250–430 million cubic meters] reduction is counting on IID participation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What effect does this have on the Salton Sea?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1642516\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-800x601.jpg\" alt=\"A map shows the location of the Salton Sea and the Colorado River Basin.\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1642516\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-800x601.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-768x577.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-1180x887.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-960x721.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-375x282.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin-520x391.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/05/CO-River-Basin.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map shows the location of the Salton Sea and the Colorado River Basin. \u003ccite>(Central Basin Water District)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cohen: Somewhere in the order of 85 percent of the water flowing to the Salton Sea comes from the Imperial Valley. Essentially, it’s surface water and tile drainage from farm fields. As IID takes less water from the Colorado River, that means less water flows to the Salton Sea. Because the Salton Sea is a terminal lake, when less water flows in, the Salton Sea shrinks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the concern is that, because of the DCP, the Salton Sea would be smaller than it would be otherwise. As the sea shrinks, some of that land is exposed, and dust blows off that land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under existing regulations of the local air district, the landowner is responsible for dust that’s emitted off lands in the Imperial Valley. IID is a major landowner, particularly at the southern end of the Salton Sea, and IID is liable for a lot of the dust getting blown off the Salton Sea. So as the sea shrinks, it represents a direct cost to IID. That’s the crux of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdcwa.org/quantification-settlement-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quantification Settlement Agreement (QSA)\u003c/a> of 2003 (a water transfer from IID to San Diego), there was an agreement that said as the Salton Sea shrinks, essentially the state of California backstops liability or mitigation requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The QSA parties – Imperial Irrigation District, San Diego County Water Authority and Coachella Valley Water District – have met their responsibility to pay into a mitigation fund. But they capped it because they didn’t know what the total cost would be, although they knew it would be huge. So the state of California said, “We will assume liability for costs that exceed the costs these parties agreed to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IID has put the state on notice that it hasn’t lived up to its part of the deal, which is to put together a mitigation plan to deal with the Salton Sea as it shrinks. And now there are negotiations over the DCP, which is essentially going to exacerbate the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Has there been any progress on that state’s mitigation plan?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: The state came out [in March] with what they’re calling a “\u003ca href=\"http://resources.ca.gov/salton-sea/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">draft 10-year plan for the Salton Sea.\u003c/a>” The QSA allowed 15 years to come up with a plan, and it said in the interim we’re going to require IID to deliver mitigation water to offset the impacts of the transfer to San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is the 15th year. So at the end of this year, that requirement goes away. And next year, the Salton Sea is going to start dropping very rapidly because it will no longer get that mitigation water from IID. All of a sudden, it’s going to receive 10–15 percent less water. So, essentially, it’s going over a cliff. IID is seeing this and saying, “Hold on, we need to deal with this problem before we move on to the DCP.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state really needed to do this plan five-plus years ago so these projects were being implemented now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Why is it a problem if the Salton Sea shrinks?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: There are two main challenges. One is that it exposes lakebed, which creates dust, and that’s a major public health threat. The Imperial and Coachella valleys already fail to meet air-quality requirements, and asthma rates are already higher than the state average. So, your baseline is an already-bad air-quality situation, which is going to be exacerbated as the Salton Sea shrinks and more dust blows off that lakebed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next concern is that as the Salton Sea shrinks, it gets much saltier and other water-quality parameters also decline. Which means that, first, the fish die off. That’s already started to happen. Then a lot of the food sources for the birds die off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Salton Sea now is a major stopover for birds on the Pacific Flyway. A total of 424 bird species have been observed on the Salton Sea so far. And of course, in California there are far fewer wetlands than there were historically. We’ve dried up 90–95 percent of the wetlands in California. So these migratory birds have far fewer places to rest and refuel. The Salton Sea has filled that niche. As water quality continues to degrade, it’s no longer going to be able to provide that function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: Will the state’s 10-year plan satisfy IID?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: I think that remains to be seen. IID was not satisfied with the draft they saw last December. But my hope is that California takes those concerns into consideration and redrafts the plan to meet those concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water Deeply: What are the restoration costs at the Salton Sea?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen: We don’t know what the total cost is because it depends how much is dedicated to water quality versus air quality and how they allocate those costs. Odds are, we’re looking at $1 billion-plus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But one of the benefits of the Salton Sea is we don’t need to pay for everything at once. Those projects can be phased in over time so you can pay for them over time. You can just build them as the sea recedes and you get benefits as you go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m hopeful that the pieces are starting to line up and we can start to see some progress. I think the governor is paying attention to this, the legislature is paying more attention. It’s a little late, but I think there’s still an opportunity to make a real difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some respects, dramatic change is inevitable at the Salton Sea. Essentially, what we’re going to shift from is a Salton Sea people recognize now to a very different, very managed system. But this managed system can still provide a lot of benefits. It could still be a very functional ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>, and you can find it \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2017/05/16/how-the-colorado-rivers-future-depends-on-the-salton-sea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sign up\u003c/a> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1642514/salton-sea",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1642514"
],
"series": [
"science_1151"
],
"categories": [
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40",
"science_98"
],
"tags": [
"science_1622",
"science_3197",
"science_572",
"science_813",
"science_201"
],
"featImg": "science_1642631",
"label": "source_science_1642514"
},
"news_11359487": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "news_11359487",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11359487",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1494918613000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "at-contaminated-lab-site-rigorous-cleanup-standards-again-in-question",
"title": "At Contaminated Lab Site, Rigorous Cleanup Standards Again in Question",
"publishDate": 1494918613,
"format": "image",
"headTitle": "At Contaminated Lab Site, Rigorous Cleanup Standards Again in Question | KQED",
"labelTerm": {
"term": 72,
"site": "news"
},
"content": "\u003cp>It’s been more than half a century since an experimental nuclear reactor at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory near Los Angeles \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2271069-report-of-the-santa-susana-field-laboratory-panel.html#document/p10/a352292\">suffered a partial nuclear meltdown\u003c/a>, spewing radiation over a period of weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private industry and government agencies followed that with repeated \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2424338-11-30-07-preliminary-assessment-site-inspection.html#document/p21/a351479\">chemical \u003c/a>spills,\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2271069-report-of-the-santa-susana-field-laboratory-panel.html#document/p9/a339581\"> accidental releases \u003c/a>of more radioactive material and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2752144-1958-Burn-Pit-Memo.html#document/p1/a282086\">the open-air burning of poisonous chemicals\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2337520-carr-declaration.html#document/p40/a238263\">gases\u003c/a> at the former site use for the development and testing of nuclear reactors, rockets, missiles and munitions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2761443-NASA-DTSC-Final-AOC-Dec-2010.html#document/p12/a352294\"> NASA\u003c/a> and the federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2761442-64791-SSFL-DOE-AOC-Final.html#document/p5/a339563\">Department of Energy\u003c/a> are behind on their legal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/dec/HQ_10-326_Santa_Susana.html\">agreements \u003c/a>to clean up all traces of the pollution they’d caused at the mountaintop laboratory about 30 miles northwest of downtown Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Boeing Company, which inherited more than three-quarters of the laboratory grounds when it acquired \u003ca href=\"http://www.rocket.com/\">Aerojet Rocketdyne\u003c/a> in 1996, waged a\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2428063-the-federal-court-ruling-that-overturned-sb-990.html#document/p13/a242520\"> successful lawsuit\u003c/a> to overturn similarly \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=200720080SB990&search_keywords=\">rigorous cleanup requirements\u003c/a> for its share of the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, it has been preparing its cleanup under the terms of a 2007 consent order in which the state Department of Toxic Substances Control \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2500793-ref-13.html#document/p8/a352028\">allows the company to write \u003c/a>its own risk assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Qk5l28CgHB2xlwhGy1TZJOiCNrqhhiVM”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boeing has completed numerous studies on where the contamination is and how to clean it up, in accordance with DTSC requirements. It’s filed scores of reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2007 order stipulates that Boeing must complete remediation of contaminated soil and related cleanup tasks \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2500793-ref-13.html#document/p10/a352720\">by the end of next month\u003c/a>. Dave Dassler, the company’s site closure director, estimates that might require digging out and hauling away up to 400,000 cubic yards of dirt, enough to fill the Rose Bowl. The digging hasn’t even started.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Boeing Creates Easement to Set Aside Land as Open Space\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many public health and environmental activists say that Boeing’s characterization of the threat posed by the contamination at Santa Susana is far too permissive for a severely contaminated site that is only half a mile away and steeply uphill from residential neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a recent Boeing legal maneuver may clear the way for the company to negotiate terms that are even less rigorous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11367884\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11367884\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"The Santa Susana Field Laboratory is surrounded by suburbs that extend to within half a mile of the lab gate.\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-960x643.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Santa Susana Field Laboratory is surrounded by suburbs that extend to within half a mile of the lab gate. \u003ccite>(Chris Richard)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Company officials have long declared that Boeing will preserve its property as open space to protect wildlife and preserve pre-Columbian historic sites in the hills adjacent to former test and accident sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Boeing has made that commitment legally binding by granting the Pennsylvania-based \u003ca href=\"http://northamericanlandtrust.org/\">North American Land Trust\u003c/a> a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3698554-Grant-Deed.html#document/p4/a351999\">conservation easement\u003c/a> that declares the company’s property permanent open space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, activists have predicted that Santa Susana, which is surrounded by suburbs, might be turned into a housing development. Now the company’s agreement with the land trust \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3698554-Grant-Deed.html#document/p8/a352001\">bars \u003c/a>residential, commercial, industrial or agricultural development, North American president Stephen Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘My organization never felt this land had a secure open space future until now.’\u003ccite>Clark Stevens, Resource Conservation District of the Santa Monica Mountains\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Clark Stevens, executive officer of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.rcdsmm.org/\">Resource Conservation District of the Santa Monica Mountains\u003c/a>, said the agreement protects a vital travel corridor for wildlife, such as deer and mountain lions, between the Los Padres National Forest to the north and the Santa Monica Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevens, who has worked with conservation easements for 15 years, said Boeing stands to receive a substantial tax write-off for voiding its property’s development value. He said the public will benefit as well, because the building ban is legally inviolable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It rides with the land,” he said. “It doesn’t matter who the owner is in the future. They will be restricted by the conservation easement. My organization never felt this land had a secure open space future until now, because Boeing saying they would keep it open space was just a policy that could change. This easement changes that. It has teeth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a firm development prohibition in place, it’s appropriate to reconsider cleanup standards, Stevens said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that we know we have protected open space, we should take seriously the fact that no one will ever live there and not overdo the cleanup,” he said. “My organization does habitat restoration. You can’t restore land that has been scraped to bare rock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11459642\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11459642\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-800x510.jpg\" alt=\"Dan Hirsch, president of the nuclear watchdog group Committee to Bridge the Gap and director of the Program on Environmental and Nuclear Policy at UC Santa Cruz. \" width=\"800\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-800x510.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-1020x650.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-1180x752.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-960x612.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-240x153.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-375x239.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-520x331.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dan Hirsch, president of the nuclear watchdog group Committee to Bridge the Gap and director of the Program on Environmental and Nuclear Policy at UC Santa Cruz. \u003ccite>(Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like other Boeing officials, company spokeswoman Megan Hilfer has argued that Boeing is committed to making its property clean enough for people to live there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with the easement in place, the cleanup standard Boeing will apply “remains to be seen,” Hilfer said in a telephone interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The problem is that the people living nearby aren’t open space. They are real people who for the rest of their lives will face the risk of exposure to the toxic contamination leaking off that site.’\u003ccite>Dan Hirsh, president, Committee to Bridge the Gap\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We look forward to working with the DTSC to determine the appropriate cleanup actions for Boeing’s portion of Santa Susana,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Hirsch, president of the nuclear watchdog group \u003ca href=\"http://committeetobridgethegap.org/\">Committee to Bridge the Gap\u003c/a> and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://socialsciences.ucsc.edu/academics/singleton.php?&singleton=true&cruz_id=dohirsch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Program on Environmental and Nuclear Policy at UC Santa Cruz,\u003c/a> fears the conservation easement will undermine a thorough cleanup at the field laboratory. By declaring its land “open space,” Boeing glosses over the fact that its contamination is very close to residential neighborhoods, Hirsch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is that the people living nearby aren’t open space. They are real people who for the rest of their lives will face the risk of exposure to the toxic contamination leaking off that site,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Simi Hills, where the laboratory is located, lie between the suburban communities of Chatsworth and Simi Valley. Residential neighborhoods extend to within half a mile of the laboratory gates, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.simivalley.org/index.aspx?page=795\">a new housing development\u003c/a> is rising just north of the portion of Santa Susana where the experimental reactor once operated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a public meeting this month, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/SiteCleanup/Santa_Susana_Field_Lab/ssfl_contacts.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">project team leader \u003c/a>for Santa Susana at the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.dtsc.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Toxic Substances Control\u003c/a>, Mark Malinowski, said the department only recently received a copy of Boeing’s easement agreement and hasn’t determined how it might affect the cleanup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Malinowski questioned whether the laboratory endangers its neighbors. He said a detailed survey of a property next to the laboratory’s most active radiological site didn’t find any contaminants that would pose a public threat. DTSC spokesman Russ Edmondson said the same holds true for the rest of the land around the laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11439172\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11439172 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1285\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut-960x643.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Malinowski, Santa Susana project team leader for the state Department of Toxic Substances Control, answers a question at a public meeting. \u003ccite>(Chris Richard)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That drew a terse response from Denise Duffield, associate director of Physicians for Social Responsibility in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So how do they know better than the National Academy of Sciences?” she asked. “The academy says there is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nirs.org/press/06-30-2005/\">no safe exposure level\u003c/a> for radioactivity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Rigorous Should the Safety Standards Be?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/losangeles/\">Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board \u003c/a>has repeatedly called attention to poisons and radioactive material in runoff from the laboratory. In 2007, for instance, it fined Boeing \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3701400-pressrelease2007-0911boeingpaysfine.html\">$471,000 \u003c/a> for releasing wastewater with elevated levels of chromium, dioxin, lead and mercury. Tests in 2009 found elevated levels of \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3717250-RWQCB-NPDES-Outfal-008-and-009-Status-Report.html#document/p2/a352759\">cesium-137\u003c/a>, copper and\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3717250-RWQCB-NPDES-Outfal-008-and-009-Status-Report.html#document/p2/a352758\"> lead\u003c/a>. In 2010, the board fined Boeing again after the laboratory’s runoff contained levels of radioactive materials, dioxins, mercury and other contaminants that the board \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3717282-50621720-Complaint.html#document/p5/a352775\">considered excessive\u003c/a>. This time, the fine was for \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3699738-50624955-CJ.html#document/p3/a352286\">$500,000.\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"SS_L3\">\u003cspan class=\"verdana\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview, Malinowski stood by his claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The numbers that the water board looks at for their discharge limits are much, much lower than human health standards are,” he said. “They are extremely low numbers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water board isn’t the only government agency with stricter requirements than those the DTSC is applying at Santa Susana. Records show the department is holding Boeing to much weaker standards than the federal government’ s general guidelines as well. One example: The state has accepted a threshold for strontium 90, a carcinogen, that is \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3453382-PRGs-EPA-vs-DTSC.html#document/p2/a337179\">more than 1,000 times\u003c/a> more lenient than the EPA \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3453382-PRGs-EPA-vs-DTSC.html#document/p1/a337178\">cleanup standard\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11378766 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-800x550.jpg\" alt=\"RS24779_Lead-qut\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-800x550.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-1020x702.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-1180x812.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-960x661.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-240x165.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-375x258.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-520x358.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before it can clean up a toxic site, a pollution control agency has to identify where the contamination is and how dangerous it is. To do that, it chooses from a range of possible “risk-based screening levels” that can be used to create a pollution map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal EPA’s standard for determining how much pollution must be removed from a polluted site is to achieve a contaminant level low enough that the pollution can be expected to cause no more than one cancer per million people over a 30-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators may set different screening levels depending on the land’s expected use, but residential scenarios are strict, because that’s where people spend the most time and face the greatest risk from pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the EPA considers the possibility that residents will eat fruit and vegetables from backyard gardens. It’s not that the EPA is trying to promote gardening. It’s the agency’s way of acknowledging that often, ingesting contaminants is more dangerous than merely passing by them or touching them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boeing has argued that a residential cleanup isn’t necessary at Santa Susana because nobody is going to live there. The company has promised that it would clean the land to a residential standard anyway, to be absolutely sure that the environment is protected, as well as the health of people living nearby or visiting the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residential scenarios are more rigorous than others. DTSC scientists who assesses the health risks of pollution \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3519086-65750-DTSC-Comments-on-Draft-HH-RBSLs-TM-2012-05.html#document/p6/a344374\">recommended \u003c/a>including a strict residential standard in setting the screening levels for Santa Susana. But in 2013, the department \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2433969-boeing-soil-scl-submittal-and-dtsc-approval.html#document/p4/a245064\">accepted\u003c/a> a Boeing method that \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3516752-Risk-Assessment-Excerpt.html\">skipped\u003c/a> the strictest benchmarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One result was a 2015 risk assessment in which Boeing discreetly contradicted itself. It started out by claiming the pollution \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3515375-66635-Draft-RCRA-Facility-Investigation-Data.html#document/p26/a343144\">really wasn’t that bad\u003c/a>. But buried in an appendix was an acknowledgment that if Boeing were to factor in the possibility of people eating fruit and vegetables grown on the site, it would have to admit to a cancer risk as high as \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3515375-66635-Draft-RCRA-Facility-Investigation-Data.html#document/p622/a343149\">three in 10\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An assessment for another portion of the laboratory grounds acknowledged that if Boeing were to apply the strict standard there, it would have to admit the pollution was severe enough that for every 10 hypothetical people living there,\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3522589-Draft-RCRA-Facility-Investigation-Data-Summary.html#document/p2856/a345374\"> nine would get cancer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3515481-SSFL-Letter-to-B-Lee.html#document/p2/a343151\"> infuriated elected officials\u003c/a>, who pointed out that real people live very close to these sites. The DTSC \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3514661-67213-2016-08-23-DTSC-Cmmnt-Ltr-and-Cmmnts-for.html#document/p2/a343156\">ordered\u003c/a> Boeing to change its assessments to include gardens. But Boeing didn’t change its screening methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11459714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11459714\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-800x529.jpg\" alt=\"John Detwiler, who lives just downhill from the Santa Susana Field Laboratory, told a public meeting recently that he’s angry and disappointed at the state Department of Toxic Substances Control’s failure to clean up the laboratory. \" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-800x529.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-1180x780.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-960x635.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-375x248.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-520x344.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Detwiler, who lives just downhill from the Santa Susana Field Laboratory, told a public meeting recently that he’s angry and disappointed at the state Department of Toxic Substances Control’s failure to clean up the laboratory. \u003ccite>(Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to repeated inquiries, department public affairs officials offered no explanation as to why the DTSC allowed Boeing to continue to employ a screening method the department had expressly forbidden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in a March 24 email, Boeing spokeswoman Megan Hilfer defended the company’s ongoing use of the less rigorous standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When considering a risk-based approach, future land use is a critical consideration to ensure the property is adequately cleaned for that end use, while also protecting against adverse cleanup impacts to natural and cultural resources,” the email states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is why including a garden exposure pathway in that assessment for Santa Susana, as some have suggested, makes no sense: the property will be legally-restricted open space where no produce of any kind will ever be grown for consumption on-site.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such arguments anger John Detwiler, who lives just downhill from the laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t tell me no pollution comes down every time it rains, every time the ground shakes, when the wind blows, we’re all victims,” he said. “Including me. Including my wife. Including her daughter. We’re all victims.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Note:\u003c/strong> Reporting for this \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/santa-susana-field-laboratory/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">series of stories\u003c/a> received financial support from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fij.org\">Fund for Investigative Journalism\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "Boeing set aside the land near L.A. for conservation, but watchdogs fear cleanup standards will slip at Santa Susana Field Laboratory.",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1726009380,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 51,
"wordCount": 2134
},
"headData": {
"title": "At Contaminated Lab Site, Rigorous Cleanup Standards Again in Question | KQED",
"description": "Boeing set aside the land near L.A. for conservation, but watchdogs fear cleanup standards will slip at Santa Susana Field Laboratory.",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "NewsArticle",
"headline": "At Contaminated Lab Site, Rigorous Cleanup Standards Again in Question",
"datePublished": "2017-05-16T00:10:13-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-09-10T16:03:00-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"isAccessibleForFree": "True",
"publisher": {
"@type": "NewsMediaOrganization",
"@id": "https://www.kqed.org/#organization",
"name": "KQED",
"logo": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"url": "https://www.kqed.org",
"sameAs": [
"https://www.facebook.com/KQED",
"https://twitter.com/KQED",
"https://www.instagram.com/kqed/",
"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial",
"https://www.linkedin.com/company/kqed",
"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeC0IOo7i1P_61zVUWbJ4nw"
]
}
}
},
"sticky": false,
"path": "/news/11359487/at-contaminated-lab-site-rigorous-cleanup-standards-again-in-question",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s been more than half a century since an experimental nuclear reactor at the Santa Susana Field Laboratory near Los Angeles \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2271069-report-of-the-santa-susana-field-laboratory-panel.html#document/p10/a352292\">suffered a partial nuclear meltdown\u003c/a>, spewing radiation over a period of weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Private industry and government agencies followed that with repeated \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2424338-11-30-07-preliminary-assessment-site-inspection.html#document/p21/a351479\">chemical \u003c/a>spills,\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2271069-report-of-the-santa-susana-field-laboratory-panel.html#document/p9/a339581\"> accidental releases \u003c/a>of more radioactive material and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2752144-1958-Burn-Pit-Memo.html#document/p1/a282086\">the open-air burning of poisonous chemicals\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2337520-carr-declaration.html#document/p40/a238263\">gases\u003c/a> at the former site use for the development and testing of nuclear reactors, rockets, missiles and munitions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2761443-NASA-DTSC-Final-AOC-Dec-2010.html#document/p12/a352294\"> NASA\u003c/a> and the federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2761442-64791-SSFL-DOE-AOC-Final.html#document/p5/a339563\">Department of Energy\u003c/a> are behind on their legal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/home/hqnews/2010/dec/HQ_10-326_Santa_Susana.html\">agreements \u003c/a>to clean up all traces of the pollution they’d caused at the mountaintop laboratory about 30 miles northwest of downtown Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Boeing Company, which inherited more than three-quarters of the laboratory grounds when it acquired \u003ca href=\"http://www.rocket.com/\">Aerojet Rocketdyne\u003c/a> in 1996, waged a\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2428063-the-federal-court-ruling-that-overturned-sb-990.html#document/p13/a242520\"> successful lawsuit\u003c/a> to overturn similarly \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=200720080SB990&search_keywords=\">rigorous cleanup requirements\u003c/a> for its share of the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, it has been preparing its cleanup under the terms of a 2007 consent order in which the state Department of Toxic Substances Control \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2500793-ref-13.html#document/p8/a352028\">allows the company to write \u003c/a>its own risk assessment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boeing has completed numerous studies on where the contamination is and how to clean it up, in accordance with DTSC requirements. It’s filed scores of reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 2007 order stipulates that Boeing must complete remediation of contaminated soil and related cleanup tasks \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2500793-ref-13.html#document/p10/a352720\">by the end of next month\u003c/a>. Dave Dassler, the company’s site closure director, estimates that might require digging out and hauling away up to 400,000 cubic yards of dirt, enough to fill the Rose Bowl. The digging hasn’t even started.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Boeing Creates Easement to Set Aside Land as Open Space\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Many public health and environmental activists say that Boeing’s characterization of the threat posed by the contamination at Santa Susana is far too permissive for a severely contaminated site that is only half a mile away and steeply uphill from residential neighborhoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a recent Boeing legal maneuver may clear the way for the company to negotiate terms that are even less rigorous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11367884\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11367884\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"The Santa Susana Field Laboratory is surrounded by suburbs that extend to within half a mile of the lab gate.\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-960x643.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24633_DSC_0055-qut-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Santa Susana Field Laboratory is surrounded by suburbs that extend to within half a mile of the lab gate. \u003ccite>(Chris Richard)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Company officials have long declared that Boeing will preserve its property as open space to protect wildlife and preserve pre-Columbian historic sites in the hills adjacent to former test and accident sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Boeing has made that commitment legally binding by granting the Pennsylvania-based \u003ca href=\"http://northamericanlandtrust.org/\">North American Land Trust\u003c/a> a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3698554-Grant-Deed.html#document/p4/a351999\">conservation easement\u003c/a> that declares the company’s property permanent open space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, activists have predicted that Santa Susana, which is surrounded by suburbs, might be turned into a housing development. Now the company’s agreement with the land trust \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3698554-Grant-Deed.html#document/p8/a352001\">bars \u003c/a>residential, commercial, industrial or agricultural development, North American president Stephen Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘My organization never felt this land had a secure open space future until now.’\u003ccite>Clark Stevens, Resource Conservation District of the Santa Monica Mountains\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Clark Stevens, executive officer of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.rcdsmm.org/\">Resource Conservation District of the Santa Monica Mountains\u003c/a>, said the agreement protects a vital travel corridor for wildlife, such as deer and mountain lions, between the Los Padres National Forest to the north and the Santa Monica Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stevens, who has worked with conservation easements for 15 years, said Boeing stands to receive a substantial tax write-off for voiding its property’s development value. He said the public will benefit as well, because the building ban is legally inviolable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It rides with the land,” he said. “It doesn’t matter who the owner is in the future. They will be restricted by the conservation easement. My organization never felt this land had a secure open space future until now, because Boeing saying they would keep it open space was just a policy that could change. This easement changes that. It has teeth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a firm development prohibition in place, it’s appropriate to reconsider cleanup standards, Stevens said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now that we know we have protected open space, we should take seriously the fact that no one will ever live there and not overdo the cleanup,” he said. “My organization does habitat restoration. You can’t restore land that has been scraped to bare rock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11459642\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11459642\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-800x510.jpg\" alt=\"Dan Hirsch, president of the nuclear watchdog group Committee to Bridge the Gap and director of the Program on Environmental and Nuclear Policy at UC Santa Cruz. \" width=\"800\" height=\"510\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-800x510.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-160x102.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-1020x650.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-1180x752.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-960x612.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-240x153.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-375x239.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/HirschMic-520x331.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dan Hirsch, president of the nuclear watchdog group Committee to Bridge the Gap and director of the Program on Environmental and Nuclear Policy at UC Santa Cruz. \u003ccite>(Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like other Boeing officials, company spokeswoman Megan Hilfer has argued that Boeing is committed to making its property clean enough for people to live there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, with the easement in place, the cleanup standard Boeing will apply “remains to be seen,” Hilfer said in a telephone interview.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The problem is that the people living nearby aren’t open space. They are real people who for the rest of their lives will face the risk of exposure to the toxic contamination leaking off that site.’\u003ccite>Dan Hirsh, president, Committee to Bridge the Gap\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“We look forward to working with the DTSC to determine the appropriate cleanup actions for Boeing’s portion of Santa Susana,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Hirsch, president of the nuclear watchdog group \u003ca href=\"http://committeetobridgethegap.org/\">Committee to Bridge the Gap\u003c/a> and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://socialsciences.ucsc.edu/academics/singleton.php?&singleton=true&cruz_id=dohirsch\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Program on Environmental and Nuclear Policy at UC Santa Cruz,\u003c/a> fears the conservation easement will undermine a thorough cleanup at the field laboratory. By declaring its land “open space,” Boeing glosses over the fact that its contamination is very close to residential neighborhoods, Hirsch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is that the people living nearby aren’t open space. They are real people who for the rest of their lives will face the risk of exposure to the toxic contamination leaking off that site,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Simi Hills, where the laboratory is located, lie between the suburban communities of Chatsworth and Simi Valley. Residential neighborhoods extend to within half a mile of the laboratory gates, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.simivalley.org/index.aspx?page=795\">a new housing development\u003c/a> is rising just north of the portion of Santa Susana where the experimental reactor once operated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a public meeting this month, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.dtsc.ca.gov/SiteCleanup/Santa_Susana_Field_Lab/ssfl_contacts.cfm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">project team leader \u003c/a>for Santa Susana at the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.dtsc.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Toxic Substances Control\u003c/a>, Mark Malinowski, said the department only recently received a copy of Boeing’s easement agreement and hasn’t determined how it might affect the cleanup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Malinowski questioned whether the laboratory endangers its neighbors. He said a detailed survey of a property next to the laboratory’s most active radiological site didn’t find any contaminants that would pose a public threat. DTSC spokesman Russ Edmondson said the same holds true for the rest of the land around the laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11439172\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11439172 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1285\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut-1020x683.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut-1180x790.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut-960x643.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/RS25132__DSC0190-qut-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Malinowski, Santa Susana project team leader for the state Department of Toxic Substances Control, answers a question at a public meeting. \u003ccite>(Chris Richard)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That drew a terse response from Denise Duffield, associate director of Physicians for Social Responsibility in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So how do they know better than the National Academy of Sciences?” she asked. “The academy says there is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nirs.org/press/06-30-2005/\">no safe exposure level\u003c/a> for radioactivity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Rigorous Should the Safety Standards Be?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/losangeles/\">Los Angeles Regional Water Quality Control Board \u003c/a>has repeatedly called attention to poisons and radioactive material in runoff from the laboratory. In 2007, for instance, it fined Boeing \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3701400-pressrelease2007-0911boeingpaysfine.html\">$471,000 \u003c/a> for releasing wastewater with elevated levels of chromium, dioxin, lead and mercury. Tests in 2009 found elevated levels of \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3717250-RWQCB-NPDES-Outfal-008-and-009-Status-Report.html#document/p2/a352759\">cesium-137\u003c/a>, copper and\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3717250-RWQCB-NPDES-Outfal-008-and-009-Status-Report.html#document/p2/a352758\"> lead\u003c/a>. In 2010, the board fined Boeing again after the laboratory’s runoff contained levels of radioactive materials, dioxins, mercury and other contaminants that the board \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3717282-50621720-Complaint.html#document/p5/a352775\">considered excessive\u003c/a>. This time, the fine was for \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3699738-50624955-CJ.html#document/p3/a352286\">$500,000.\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"SS_L3\">\u003cspan class=\"verdana\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview, Malinowski stood by his claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The numbers that the water board looks at for their discharge limits are much, much lower than human health standards are,” he said. “They are extremely low numbers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water board isn’t the only government agency with stricter requirements than those the DTSC is applying at Santa Susana. Records show the department is holding Boeing to much weaker standards than the federal government’ s general guidelines as well. One example: The state has accepted a threshold for strontium 90, a carcinogen, that is \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3453382-PRGs-EPA-vs-DTSC.html#document/p2/a337179\">more than 1,000 times\u003c/a> more lenient than the EPA \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3453382-PRGs-EPA-vs-DTSC.html#document/p1/a337178\">cleanup standard\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-11378766 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-800x550.jpg\" alt=\"RS24779_Lead-qut\" width=\"800\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-800x550.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-160x110.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-1020x702.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-1180x812.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-960x661.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-240x165.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-375x258.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RS24779_Lead-qut-520x358.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before it can clean up a toxic site, a pollution control agency has to identify where the contamination is and how dangerous it is. To do that, it chooses from a range of possible “risk-based screening levels” that can be used to create a pollution map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal EPA’s standard for determining how much pollution must be removed from a polluted site is to achieve a contaminant level low enough that the pollution can be expected to cause no more than one cancer per million people over a 30-year period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators may set different screening levels depending on the land’s expected use, but residential scenarios are strict, because that’s where people spend the most time and face the greatest risk from pollutants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, the EPA considers the possibility that residents will eat fruit and vegetables from backyard gardens. It’s not that the EPA is trying to promote gardening. It’s the agency’s way of acknowledging that often, ingesting contaminants is more dangerous than merely passing by them or touching them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Boeing has argued that a residential cleanup isn’t necessary at Santa Susana because nobody is going to live there. The company has promised that it would clean the land to a residential standard anyway, to be absolutely sure that the environment is protected, as well as the health of people living nearby or visiting the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some residential scenarios are more rigorous than others. DTSC scientists who assesses the health risks of pollution \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3519086-65750-DTSC-Comments-on-Draft-HH-RBSLs-TM-2012-05.html#document/p6/a344374\">recommended \u003c/a>including a strict residential standard in setting the screening levels for Santa Susana. But in 2013, the department \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/2433969-boeing-soil-scl-submittal-and-dtsc-approval.html#document/p4/a245064\">accepted\u003c/a> a Boeing method that \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3516752-Risk-Assessment-Excerpt.html\">skipped\u003c/a> the strictest benchmarks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One result was a 2015 risk assessment in which Boeing discreetly contradicted itself. It started out by claiming the pollution \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3515375-66635-Draft-RCRA-Facility-Investigation-Data.html#document/p26/a343144\">really wasn’t that bad\u003c/a>. But buried in an appendix was an acknowledgment that if Boeing were to factor in the possibility of people eating fruit and vegetables grown on the site, it would have to admit to a cancer risk as high as \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3515375-66635-Draft-RCRA-Facility-Investigation-Data.html#document/p622/a343149\">three in 10\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An assessment for another portion of the laboratory grounds acknowledged that if Boeing were to apply the strict standard there, it would have to admit the pollution was severe enough that for every 10 hypothetical people living there,\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3522589-Draft-RCRA-Facility-Investigation-Data-Summary.html#document/p2856/a345374\"> nine would get cancer\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The revelations\u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3515481-SSFL-Letter-to-B-Lee.html#document/p2/a343151\"> infuriated elected officials\u003c/a>, who pointed out that real people live very close to these sites. The DTSC \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3514661-67213-2016-08-23-DTSC-Cmmnt-Ltr-and-Cmmnts-for.html#document/p2/a343156\">ordered\u003c/a> Boeing to change its assessments to include gardens. But Boeing didn’t change its screening methods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11459714\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11459714\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-800x529.jpg\" alt=\"John Detwiler, who lives just downhill from the Santa Susana Field Laboratory, told a public meeting recently that he’s angry and disappointed at the state Department of Toxic Substances Control’s failure to clean up the laboratory. \" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-800x529.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-1180x780.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-960x635.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-240x159.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-375x248.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Detwiler-520x344.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Detwiler, who lives just downhill from the Santa Susana Field Laboratory, told a public meeting recently that he’s angry and disappointed at the state Department of Toxic Substances Control’s failure to clean up the laboratory. \u003ccite>(Chris Richard/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In response to repeated inquiries, department public affairs officials offered no explanation as to why the DTSC allowed Boeing to continue to employ a screening method the department had expressly forbidden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, in a March 24 email, Boeing spokeswoman Megan Hilfer defended the company’s ongoing use of the less rigorous standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When considering a risk-based approach, future land use is a critical consideration to ensure the property is adequately cleaned for that end use, while also protecting against adverse cleanup impacts to natural and cultural resources,” the email states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is why including a garden exposure pathway in that assessment for Santa Susana, as some have suggested, makes no sense: the property will be legally-restricted open space where no produce of any kind will ever be grown for consumption on-site.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Such arguments anger John Detwiler, who lives just downhill from the laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Don’t tell me no pollution comes down every time it rains, every time the ground shakes, when the wind blows, we’re all victims,” he said. “Including me. Including my wife. Including her daughter. We’re all victims.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Note:\u003c/strong> Reporting for this \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/santa-susana-field-laboratory/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">series of stories\u003c/a> received financial support from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fij.org\">Fund for Investigative Journalism\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/news/11359487/at-contaminated-lab-site-rigorous-cleanup-standards-again-in-question",
"authors": [
"219"
],
"programs": [
"news_72"
],
"categories": [
"news_19906",
"news_457",
"news_8",
"news_13",
"news_356"
],
"tags": [
"news_20023",
"news_18299",
"news_18543",
"news_17286"
],
"featImg": "news_11459627",
"label": "news_72"
},
"news_11459247": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "news_11459247",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11459247",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1494877602000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "news",
"term": 72
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1494877602,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Ex-Governor's Ambitions Paved Way to Oroville Dam Crisis, Records Say",
"title": "Ex-Governor's Ambitions Paved Way to Oroville Dam Crisis, Records Say",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Historical records reveal\u003ca href=\"http://governors.library.ca.gov/32-pbrown.html\"> the late Gov. Pat Brown\u003c/a> misled voters about the cost of building the nation's tallest dam, ignored recommendations to delay construction and dismissed allegations that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/07/how-incompetent-rock-led-to-the-oroville-dam-crisis/\">substandard materials\u003c/a> were used to build the ambitious project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixty years before a damaged spillway at the Oroville Dam \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/02/13/180000-still-evacuated-from-oroville-dam-emergency/\">forced thousands of people to evacuate\u003c/a>, Brown's administration overcame labor strikes, worker deaths and other scandals to get the dam built on time, the Sacramento Bee \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article150278687.html\">reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oroville Dam is one of the anchors of the state's water supply system. In February, two spillways at the 770-foot-tall dam \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/15/map-see-how-oroville-dam-crisis-unfolded/\">began ripping away \u003c/a>under unusually heavy rain and snow melt, threatening to flood towns downstream. Nearly 200,000 people were given only an hour's notice to escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11459354\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11459354\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown.jpg 592w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown-160x203.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown-240x304.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown-375x476.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown-520x660.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Edmund G. \"Pat\" Brown, 32nd governor of California \u003ccite>(California State Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state got a handle on the crisis, and it is rushing to carry out hundreds of millions of dollars in repairs before the next rainy season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bee said it didn't find anything in the historical records that directly foreshadowed the spillway troubles. But experts believe the mess was caused at least in part by\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\"> design and construction problems\u003c/a> decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It may come back to engineering hubris, and engineering hubris inevitably comes back to bite us in the butt in California,\" said Jeffrey Mount, a geologist and water expert at the\u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/home.asp\"> Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown was bent on building a dam and the accompanying\u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/\"> State Water Project\u003c/a> to expand water deliveries to the parched southern half of California, state archives, oral history interviews and other documents reveal. He campaigned relentlessly and convinced the Legislature and then the voters to approve a $1.75 billion bond measure when the federal government couldn't help with funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He later acknowledged in an interview for an oral history project at UC Berkeley that he and his advisers realized the project's true cost was probably around $2.5 billion, but they weren't sure voters could handle such a number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He believed cost didn't really matter, given what was at stake. When advisers urged him to postpone construction because of cost issues, he reasoned that delay would only lead to higher costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You need water. Whatever it costs, you have to have it,\" he told the Berkeley interviewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dam's construction took five years and was rife with problems. Local historians say 34 men died building the dam and the surrounding infrastructure. Workers went on numerous strikes, and in 1964 at least three state workers were fired for buying land near the dam site, knowing they'd profit when the state bought it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest controversy came in 1964 when an Oroville newspaper published allegations that substandard materials were being used at the construction site. Brown called the story \"irresponsible and erroneous.\" State officials later wrote a report that said there was no evidence that the dam \"was designed or is being built in an unsafe manner.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"m0arIJKKfesRWOrf4Wopo0gqhM9xKG96\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J. David Rogers, an engineering expert and dam historian at Missouri University of Science & Technology, said the main spillway apparently didn't get the same level of attention as the main dam. Top engineers and consultants were brought in from all over the world to ensure the bedrock was strong enough to support the dam. The spillways, however, were built on much more weathered rock that easily crumbled this winter, Rogers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After construction was completed in 1968, the dam and Lake Oroville played a critical role in California's booming economic and population growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No other state ever attempted anything like this,\" Rogers said. \"It was larger than any federal dam when it was built. It was the largest non-federal public works project in world history. Nothing else out there was as big and as ambitious as the California Water Project.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Brown saw the Oroville Dam and the water project as chances to leave his personal legacy. \"I think it's a monument to me, and I'm very proud of it,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "11459247 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11459247",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/15/ex-governors-ambitions-paved-way-to-oroville-dam-crisis-records-say/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 687,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 18
},
"modified": 1494883649,
"excerpt": "Pat Brown’s administration overcame labor strikes, worker deaths and other scandals to get the dam built on time.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Pat Brown’s administration overcame labor strikes, worker deaths and other scandals to get the dam built on time.",
"title": "Ex-Governor's Ambitions Paved Way to Oroville Dam Crisis, Records Say | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "NewsArticle",
"headline": "Ex-Governor's Ambitions Paved Way to Oroville Dam Crisis, Records Say",
"datePublished": "2017-05-15T12:46:42-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-05-15T14:27:29-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"isAccessibleForFree": "True",
"publisher": {
"@type": "NewsMediaOrganization",
"@id": "https://www.kqed.org/#organization",
"name": "KQED",
"logo": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"url": "https://www.kqed.org",
"sameAs": [
"https://www.facebook.com/KQED",
"https://twitter.com/KQED",
"https://www.instagram.com/kqed/",
"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial",
"https://www.linkedin.com/company/kqed",
"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeC0IOo7i1P_61zVUWbJ4nw"
]
}
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "ex-governors-ambitions-paved-way-to-oroville-dam-crisis-records-say",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Associated Press\u003c/strong>",
"path": "/news/11459247/ex-governors-ambitions-paved-way-to-oroville-dam-crisis-records-say",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Historical records reveal\u003ca href=\"http://governors.library.ca.gov/32-pbrown.html\"> the late Gov. Pat Brown\u003c/a> misled voters about the cost of building the nation's tallest dam, ignored recommendations to delay construction and dismissed allegations that \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/04/07/how-incompetent-rock-led-to-the-oroville-dam-crisis/\">substandard materials\u003c/a> were used to build the ambitious project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixty years before a damaged spillway at the Oroville Dam \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/02/13/180000-still-evacuated-from-oroville-dam-emergency/\">forced thousands of people to evacuate\u003c/a>, Brown's administration overcame labor strikes, worker deaths and other scandals to get the dam built on time, the Sacramento Bee \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article150278687.html\">reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Oroville Dam is one of the anchors of the state's water supply system. In February, two spillways at the 770-foot-tall dam \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/15/map-see-how-oroville-dam-crisis-unfolded/\">began ripping away \u003c/a>under unusually heavy rain and snow melt, threatening to flood towns downstream. Nearly 200,000 people were given only an hour's notice to escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11459354\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 350px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11459354\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"444\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown.jpg 592w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown-160x203.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown-240x304.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown-375x476.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Governor_Edmund_G._-Pat-_Brown-520x660.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 350px) 100vw, 350px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Edmund G. \"Pat\" Brown, 32nd governor of California \u003ccite>(California State Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The state got a handle on the crisis, and it is rushing to carry out hundreds of millions of dollars in repairs before the next rainy season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bee said it didn't find anything in the historical records that directly foreshadowed the spillway troubles. But experts believe the mess was caused at least in part by\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\"> design and construction problems\u003c/a> decades ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It may come back to engineering hubris, and engineering hubris inevitably comes back to bite us in the butt in California,\" said Jeffrey Mount, a geologist and water expert at the\u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/home.asp\"> Public Policy Institute of California\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown was bent on building a dam and the accompanying\u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/\"> State Water Project\u003c/a> to expand water deliveries to the parched southern half of California, state archives, oral history interviews and other documents reveal. He campaigned relentlessly and convinced the Legislature and then the voters to approve a $1.75 billion bond measure when the federal government couldn't help with funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He later acknowledged in an interview for an oral history project at UC Berkeley that he and his advisers realized the project's true cost was probably around $2.5 billion, but they weren't sure voters could handle such a number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He believed cost didn't really matter, given what was at stake. When advisers urged him to postpone construction because of cost issues, he reasoned that delay would only lead to higher costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You need water. Whatever it costs, you have to have it,\" he told the Berkeley interviewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dam's construction took five years and was rife with problems. Local historians say 34 men died building the dam and the surrounding infrastructure. Workers went on numerous strikes, and in 1964 at least three state workers were fired for buying land near the dam site, knowing they'd profit when the state bought it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest controversy came in 1964 when an Oroville newspaper published allegations that substandard materials were being used at the construction site. Brown called the story \"irresponsible and erroneous.\" State officials later wrote a report that said there was no evidence that the dam \"was designed or is being built in an unsafe manner.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>J. David Rogers, an engineering expert and dam historian at Missouri University of Science & Technology, said the main spillway apparently didn't get the same level of attention as the main dam. Top engineers and consultants were brought in from all over the world to ensure the bedrock was strong enough to support the dam. The spillways, however, were built on much more weathered rock that easily crumbled this winter, Rogers said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After construction was completed in 1968, the dam and Lake Oroville played a critical role in California's booming economic and population growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No other state ever attempted anything like this,\" Rogers said. \"It was larger than any federal dam when it was built. It was the largest non-federal public works project in world history. Nothing else out there was as big and as ambitious as the California Water Project.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Brown saw the Oroville Dam and the water project as chances to leave his personal legacy. \"I think it's a monument to me, and I'm very proud of it,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/news/11459247/ex-governors-ambitions-paved-way-to-oroville-dam-crisis-records-say",
"authors": [
"byline_news_11459247"
],
"programs": [
"news_6944",
"news_72"
],
"categories": [
"news_1758",
"news_19906",
"news_8",
"news_13",
"news_356"
],
"tags": [
"news_4175",
"news_20509",
"news_20559"
],
"featImg": "news_11459349",
"label": "news_72"
},
"news_11454858": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "news_11454858",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11454858",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1494770404000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1494770404,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "Tesla Begins Taking Orders for Its Solar Energy Roof Tile Systems",
"title": "Tesla Begins Taking Orders for Its Solar Energy Roof Tile Systems",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Tesla is now accepting deposits for its new solar roof system, offering an \"infinity\" warranty for tiles that integrate solar power into roof coverings. Installations will begin in June, the company says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resembling normal roofing shingles, the solar tiles will be offered in a variety of styles, from slate and terra cotta to smooth or textured dark gray. \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/solarroof\">On its website\u003c/a>, Tesla is taking $1,000 deposits toward work that includes removing a house's existing roof, installing the solar tiles and equipping the home with a battery to store power.\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potential customers can use the company's online tool to estimate the solar roof's costs and savings, based on their roof's square footage. The results, which draw on Google's \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/get/sunroof\">Project Sunroof\u003c/a>, vary according to energy costs and other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solar roof tiles are made of quartz glass. But not all tiles on a house with the system will be actively gathering the sun's energy. Tesla's plan calls for mixing solar and nonsolar tiles. From the street, the company says, the two look identical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a two-story house in Raleigh, N.C., with 2,467 square feet — the median size of a new, single-family home in the U.S., according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/construction/chars/pdf/c25ann2015.pdf\">recent Census Bureau data\u003c/a> — the upfront cost of replacing a roof with the solar tile system comes to $46,400, according to Tesla's online tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal tax credit drops that amount by nearly $14,000, but Tesla's Powerwall battery adds a $7,000 expense. With 60 percent solar coverage on the roof, the system would generate $38,100 worth of energy over 30 years, according to the estimate, leaving the homeowner with a net cost of $1,400. Depending on the local energy market, a similar home in another area could generate a profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"infinity\" warranty covers the glass in the tiles, Tesla says. The company offers a 30-year warranty for other aspects of the system, such as the tiles' power output and the system's ability to prevent leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The price per square foot varies with the proportion of solar and nonsolar tiles. Tesla says active tiles will cost $42 per square foot, while inert tiles will be around $11 per square foot. The active tiles have three main layers, with a base solar cell beneath a colored louver film that's covered by tempered glass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A standard solar panel setup could cost about 30 percent less than the Tesla system, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-05-10/tesla-s-solar-roof-is-finally-ready-for-you-to-buy\">Bloomberg reports\u003c/a>. But the news outlet also says Tesla is bringing its aesthetically appealing tiles to market at a price that's well beneath earlier expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla says its SolarCity subsidiary will begin installing the first systems in California in June and will then spread to other areas. For 2017, the solar tiles will be installed only in the U.S., the company says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tesla+Begins+Taking+Orders+For+Its+Solar+Energy+Roof+Tile+Systems&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "11454858 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11454858",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/14/tesla-begins-taking-orders-for-its-solar-energy-roof-tile-systems/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 495,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 12
},
"modified": 1494642999,
"excerpt": "The company offers an 'infinity' warranty on its tiles that integrate solar power into roof coverings. Tesla has published a web tool that can estimate costs and savings.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The company offers an 'infinity' warranty on its tiles that integrate solar power into roof coverings. Tesla has published a web tool that can estimate costs and savings.",
"title": "Tesla Begins Taking Orders for Its Solar Energy Roof Tile Systems | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "NewsArticle",
"headline": "Tesla Begins Taking Orders for Its Solar Energy Roof Tile Systems",
"datePublished": "2017-05-14T07:00:04-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-05-12T19:36:39-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"isAccessibleForFree": "True",
"publisher": {
"@type": "NewsMediaOrganization",
"@id": "https://www.kqed.org/#organization",
"name": "KQED",
"logo": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"url": "https://www.kqed.org",
"sameAs": [
"https://www.facebook.com/KQED",
"https://twitter.com/KQED",
"https://www.instagram.com/kqed/",
"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial",
"https://www.linkedin.com/company/kqed",
"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeC0IOo7i1P_61zVUWbJ4nw"
]
}
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "tesla-begins-taking-orders-for-its-solar-energy-roof-tile-systems",
"status": "publish",
"sourceUrl": "http://www.npr.org/",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=527930243&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Bill Chappell",
"nprStoryDate": "Thu, 11 May 2017 11:51:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Thu, 11 May 2017 15:04:19 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/11/527930243/tesla-begins-taking-orders-for-its-solar-energy-roof-tile-systems?ft=nprml&f=527930243",
"nprImageAgency": "AP",
"source": "NPR",
"nprStoryId": "527930243",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Thu, 11 May 2017 14:33:00 -0400",
"path": "/news/11454858/tesla-begins-taking-orders-for-its-solar-energy-roof-tile-systems",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tesla is now accepting deposits for its new solar roof system, offering an \"infinity\" warranty for tiles that integrate solar power into roof coverings. Installations will begin in June, the company says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resembling normal roofing shingles, the solar tiles will be offered in a variety of styles, from slate and terra cotta to smooth or textured dark gray. \u003ca href=\"https://www.tesla.com/solarroof\">On its website\u003c/a>, Tesla is taking $1,000 deposits toward work that includes removing a house's existing roof, installing the solar tiles and equipping the home with a battery to store power.\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potential customers can use the company's online tool to estimate the solar roof's costs and savings, based on their roof's square footage. The results, which draw on Google's \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/get/sunroof\">Project Sunroof\u003c/a>, vary according to energy costs and other factors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solar roof tiles are made of quartz glass. But not all tiles on a house with the system will be actively gathering the sun's energy. Tesla's plan calls for mixing solar and nonsolar tiles. From the street, the company says, the two look identical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a two-story house in Raleigh, N.C., with 2,467 square feet — the median size of a new, single-family home in the U.S., according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/construction/chars/pdf/c25ann2015.pdf\">recent Census Bureau data\u003c/a> — the upfront cost of replacing a roof with the solar tile system comes to $46,400, according to Tesla's online tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal tax credit drops that amount by nearly $14,000, but Tesla's Powerwall battery adds a $7,000 expense. With 60 percent solar coverage on the roof, the system would generate $38,100 worth of energy over 30 years, according to the estimate, leaving the homeowner with a net cost of $1,400. Depending on the local energy market, a similar home in another area could generate a profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"infinity\" warranty covers the glass in the tiles, Tesla says. The company offers a 30-year warranty for other aspects of the system, such as the tiles' power output and the system's ability to prevent leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The price per square foot varies with the proportion of solar and nonsolar tiles. Tesla says active tiles will cost $42 per square foot, while inert tiles will be around $11 per square foot. The active tiles have three main layers, with a base solar cell beneath a colored louver film that's covered by tempered glass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A standard solar panel setup could cost about 30 percent less than the Tesla system, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-05-10/tesla-s-solar-roof-is-finally-ready-for-you-to-buy\">Bloomberg reports\u003c/a>. But the news outlet also says Tesla is bringing its aesthetically appealing tiles to market at a price that's well beneath earlier expectations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla says its SolarCity subsidiary will begin installing the first systems in California in June and will then spread to other areas. For 2017, the solar tiles will be installed only in the U.S., the company says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tesla+Begins+Taking+Orders+For+Its+Solar+Energy+Roof+Tile+Systems&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/news/11454858/tesla-begins-taking-orders-for-its-solar-energy-roof-tile-systems",
"authors": [
"byline_news_11454858"
],
"programs": [
"news_6944",
"news_72"
],
"categories": [
"news_19906",
"news_8",
"news_356",
"news_248"
],
"tags": [
"news_17611",
"news_394",
"news_17286",
"news_57"
],
"affiliates": [
"news_253"
],
"featImg": "news_11454863",
"label": "source_news_11454858"
},
"news_11449039": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "news_11449039",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11449039",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1494659126000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "news",
"term": 72
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1494659126,
"format": "audio",
"disqusTitle": "Are Floating Solar Panels Energy's New Frontier?",
"title": "Are Floating Solar Panels Energy's New Frontier?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>When you’re trying to generate a lot more solar power, you’re limited by the size and heft of those big solar panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where can you put them? The answer so far has been the desert, or on rooftops. There have even been efforts to put panels on top of landfill sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar entrepreneur Troy Helming of the San Francisco-based solar company Pristine Sun has a new idea: floating on water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helming isn't thinking about the ocean. Think of all of the wide-open and unused water surfaces across the state, including reservoirs, agricultural holding ponds and wastewater treatment pools. Those areas represent thousands of acres of potential solar sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'A big source of water loss over reservoirs is evaporation. When you put solar photovoltaics over a reservoir, you reduce evaporation.'\u003ccite>Mark Jacobson, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>California is leading the nation in setting up floating solar. In Sonoma County, solar panels are about to go online at a wastewater treatment facility. In San Diego County, a project is underway to set up solar panels on a portion of the 200-acre Olivenhain Reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solar panel systems look a little like metal grandstand seats at a football game, stretched flat on big orange floats. And unlike remote desert solar arrays, these panels on water surfaces are near urban centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a huge plus, says Helming, because it’s the urban centers that use most of the power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Finding bodies of water, that we view as an unutilized or underutilized asset,” Helming says, “are a way to get the energy production closer to where it’s being consumed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11454453\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11454453\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"Troy Helming, CEO of Pristine Sun.\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-800x573.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-1020x730.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-1180x844.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-960x687.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-240x172.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-375x268.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-520x372.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Troy Helming, CEO of Pristine Sun. \u003ccite>(David Gorn/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Putting solar panels on water has already been successful in several other countries, including Japan, France, Indonesia and Singapore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Jacobson, director of the Atmosphere and Energy program at Stanford University, says there are many other benefits of putting solar panels on water -- especially, he says, for drought-conscious California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big source of water loss over reservoirs is evaporation,” Jacobson says. “When you put solar photovoltaics over a reservoir, you reduce evaporation, you trap more of the water and that saves more of the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He ticks some of the other benefits off his fingers: They generate clean energy, are located near existing power transmission lines and cut down on algae blooms at reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the challenges of desert solar arrays is that it’s hard to keep the panels clean. The dirt can obscure sunlight and reduce efficiency by as much as 20 percent, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When those panels are on reservoirs, water can easily be used to clean the panels, which makes them much more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helming adds that having the panels on the water is also cooler, which further increases efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EYYRbIBk-54\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These solar panels are semiconductors. Just like a semiconductor in your phone or laptop or tablet, you want them to be cool to be efficient,” Helming says. “So we’re forecasting a 3 percent to 5 percent increase in efficiency, just by being on the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here’s the kicker: Floating solar on the Olivenhain Reservoir in San Diego County won’t cost taxpayers a penny, according to Kelly Rodgers of the San Diego County Water Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why? The county gets a monthly fee for leasing the surface of the reservoir, and on top of that gets a share of the energy generated. About 24,000 solar panels will cover about 15 percent of the reservoir’s 200-acre surface to produce about 12,000 megawatt hours a month -- enough to power about 2,000 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodgers says other water agencies around the state are watching what happens in San Diego, because the potential benefits also include meeting state standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the state’s push toward 50 percent renewable portfolio standards going to 100 percent,” Rodgers says, “it’s a great opportunity to offset greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sonoma County project has already been field-tested and should go online later this year, Helming says. The contract for the San Diego County project was just signed, so there's lots of permitting still to be done. Officials don’t expect the reservoir solar project to be running for another year, and probably two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to officials at the Natural Resources Defense Council, there are likely no environmental problems with floating solar, because they’re on man-made water surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this new floating solar technology takes off in California and starts to fulfill its promise, that could significantly raise the state’s alternative energy supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that could eventually translate into a corresponding dip, maybe, in the future price of energy.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "11449039 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11449039",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/13/are-floating-solar-panels-energys-new-frontier/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 819,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 26
},
"modified": 1498505467,
"excerpt": "The idea is to put them on man-made bodies of water like reservoirs, which means added benefits like reducing evaporation and being closer to urban areas.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The idea is to put them on man-made bodies of water like reservoirs, which means added benefits like reducing evaporation and being closer to urban areas.",
"title": "Are Floating Solar Panels Energy's New Frontier? | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "NewsArticle",
"headline": "Are Floating Solar Panels Energy's New Frontier?",
"datePublished": "2017-05-13T00:05:26-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-06-26T12:31:07-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"isAccessibleForFree": "True",
"publisher": {
"@type": "NewsMediaOrganization",
"@id": "https://www.kqed.org/#organization",
"name": "KQED",
"logo": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"url": "https://www.kqed.org",
"sameAs": [
"https://www.facebook.com/KQED",
"https://twitter.com/KQED",
"https://www.instagram.com/kqed/",
"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial",
"https://www.linkedin.com/company/kqed",
"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeC0IOo7i1P_61zVUWbJ4nw"
]
}
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "are-floating-solar-panels-energys-new-frontier",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/05/2017-05-12d-tcr.mp3",
"guestFields": "0",
"path": "/news/11449039/are-floating-solar-panels-energys-new-frontier",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When you’re trying to generate a lot more solar power, you’re limited by the size and heft of those big solar panels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where can you put them? The answer so far has been the desert, or on rooftops. There have even been efforts to put panels on top of landfill sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar entrepreneur Troy Helming of the San Francisco-based solar company Pristine Sun has a new idea: floating on water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helming isn't thinking about the ocean. Think of all of the wide-open and unused water surfaces across the state, including reservoirs, agricultural holding ponds and wastewater treatment pools. Those areas represent thousands of acres of potential solar sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'A big source of water loss over reservoirs is evaporation. When you put solar photovoltaics over a reservoir, you reduce evaporation.'\u003ccite>Mark Jacobson, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>California is leading the nation in setting up floating solar. In Sonoma County, solar panels are about to go online at a wastewater treatment facility. In San Diego County, a project is underway to set up solar panels on a portion of the 200-acre Olivenhain Reservoir.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The solar panel systems look a little like metal grandstand seats at a football game, stretched flat on big orange floats. And unlike remote desert solar arrays, these panels on water surfaces are near urban centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a huge plus, says Helming, because it’s the urban centers that use most of the power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Finding bodies of water, that we view as an unutilized or underutilized asset,” Helming says, “are a way to get the energy production closer to where it’s being consumed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11454453\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11454453\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"Troy Helming, CEO of Pristine Sun.\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-800x573.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-1020x730.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-1180x844.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-960x687.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-240x172.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-375x268.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/SolarCEO-520x372.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Troy Helming, CEO of Pristine Sun. \u003ccite>(David Gorn/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Putting solar panels on water has already been successful in several other countries, including Japan, France, Indonesia and Singapore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Jacobson, director of the Atmosphere and Energy program at Stanford University, says there are many other benefits of putting solar panels on water -- especially, he says, for drought-conscious California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A big source of water loss over reservoirs is evaporation,” Jacobson says. “When you put solar photovoltaics over a reservoir, you reduce evaporation, you trap more of the water and that saves more of the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He ticks some of the other benefits off his fingers: They generate clean energy, are located near existing power transmission lines and cut down on algae blooms at reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the challenges of desert solar arrays is that it’s hard to keep the panels clean. The dirt can obscure sunlight and reduce efficiency by as much as 20 percent, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When those panels are on reservoirs, water can easily be used to clean the panels, which makes them much more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helming adds that having the panels on the water is also cooler, which further increases efficiency.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/EYYRbIBk-54'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/EYYRbIBk-54'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“These solar panels are semiconductors. Just like a semiconductor in your phone or laptop or tablet, you want them to be cool to be efficient,” Helming says. “So we’re forecasting a 3 percent to 5 percent increase in efficiency, just by being on the water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here’s the kicker: Floating solar on the Olivenhain Reservoir in San Diego County won’t cost taxpayers a penny, according to Kelly Rodgers of the San Diego County Water Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why? The county gets a monthly fee for leasing the surface of the reservoir, and on top of that gets a share of the energy generated. About 24,000 solar panels will cover about 15 percent of the reservoir’s 200-acre surface to produce about 12,000 megawatt hours a month -- enough to power about 2,000 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodgers says other water agencies around the state are watching what happens in San Diego, because the potential benefits also include meeting state standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With the state’s push toward 50 percent renewable portfolio standards going to 100 percent,” Rodgers says, “it’s a great opportunity to offset greenhouse gas emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sonoma County project has already been field-tested and should go online later this year, Helming says. The contract for the San Diego County project was just signed, so there's lots of permitting still to be done. Officials don’t expect the reservoir solar project to be running for another year, and probably two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to officials at the Natural Resources Defense Council, there are likely no environmental problems with floating solar, because they’re on man-made water surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If this new floating solar technology takes off in California and starts to fulfill its promise, that could significantly raise the state’s alternative energy supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that could eventually translate into a corresponding dip, maybe, in the future price of energy.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/news/11449039/are-floating-solar-panels-energys-new-frontier",
"authors": [
"8656"
],
"programs": [
"news_6944",
"news_72"
],
"categories": [
"news_19906",
"news_8",
"news_356"
],
"tags": [
"news_19542",
"news_394",
"news_17286",
"news_17041"
],
"featImg": "news_11454445",
"label": "news_72"
},
"news_11454524": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "news_11454524",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "11454524",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1494631649000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "news",
"term": 72
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1494631649,
"format": "standard",
"disqusTitle": "California Lawmakers Grill Water Officials for Oversight of Damaged Dam",
"title": "California Lawmakers Grill Water Officials for Oversight of Damaged Dam",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>California lawmakers blasted state water officials Thursday for their oversight of the half-century-old dam that anchors the state's water system in a hearing focusing on the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">design problems and aging\u003c/a> that contributed to the evacuation of nearly 200,000 people downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This frightens me, that this was built in this manner,\" state Assemblyman Jim Frazier, a Democrat and an engineer by training, told the state officials overseeing the Oroville Dam, the nation's tallest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frazier cited \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">post-crisis inspection reports\u003c/a> of concrete as thin as the width of the palm of a hand on Oroville's main spillway. \"We have some things we need to address so this doesn't happen again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both water-release spillways at the 770-foot-high dam, completed in the late 1960s, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/03/16/watch-what-happened-at-oroville-dam-and-what-could-still-go-wrong/\">washed away\u003c/a> during heavy rain and snow in February. Authorities ordered the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/23/six-weeks-after-crisis-oroville-evacuation-orders-finally-lifted/\">evacuation of people \u003c/a>in parts of three counties downstream, for fear that water was about to spill out of the lake — the state's second-largest — and roar through cities and towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a hearing in Sacramento on the crisis, lawmakers cited emerging technical reports from two independent teams of experts on the Oroville Dam's two spillways. Problem areas identified so far include concrete that was far thinner than modern standards call for, cracks, tree roots that had blocked spillway drains, and bedrock anchoring the dam that was far weaker than assumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public and private dam-safety officials say the investigation into the problems at the Oroville Dam is being watched nationally, for lessons and warnings about the nation's other aging dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The culture of monitor, watch, patch and paint the crack must be corrected,\" said James Gallagher, a Republican Assemblyman who had been one of the people downstream of the dam evacuating with an hour's notice on Feb. 12. \"It risks the lives of my constituents and the complete shutdown of California's water system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Department of Water Resources officials have repeatedly acknowledged that the earthen dam was designed to looser standards than today. David Gutierrez, a consultant for the state water agency, told lawmakers that the state's inspections of the spillways before the crisis had fallen short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obviously, we've got to take a look at the process, because it didn't work,\" Gutierrez said of the state's routine for inspections of the Oroville dam's main spillway.[contextly_sidebar id=\"iISX5L3VgyYuzX9gyKGz2n2FMePWJCca\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sheriff ordered the evacuation when the main spillway and then the emergency spillway at Oroville collapsed over several days, raising fears that several dozen feet of the earth and concrete that made up the emergency spillway could give way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Croyle, acting director of the state water agency, rejected complaints from some critics that the state had focused on the Oroville Dam as a water supply for roughly two dozen water companies and about 26 million Californians, rather than as a flooding threat to communities below. \"The decisions we've had to make ... are focused on public safety as No. 1,\" Croyle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state currently puts the cost of managing the spillway crisis and repairing the damage at more than a half-billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources said earlier this week it was asking the Federal Emergency Management Agency to fund 75 percent of all construction costs, on the grounds it was a public safety emergency. Federal authorities have not yet responded publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked by lawmakers to explain\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/15/oroville-dam-crisis-highlights-infrastructure-needs-within-state/\"> the state's plans \u003c/a>for funding the repairs, John Laird, the state's secretary of natural resources, pointed to water districts in Central and Southern California that rely on water from the Oroville Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've got a contract with the state water contractors, so that's where it starts,\" Laird said. \"They pay.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
"disqusIdentifier": "11454524 https://ww2.kqed.org/news/?p=11454524",
"disqusUrl": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/12/california-lawmakers-grill-water-officials-for-oversight-of-damaged-dam/",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 631,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 17
},
"modified": 1494634985,
"excerpt": "'The culture of monitor, watch, patch and paint the crack must be corrected,' said one lawmaker.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "'The culture of monitor, watch, patch and paint the crack must be corrected,' said one lawmaker.",
"title": "California Lawmakers Grill Water Officials for Oversight of Damaged Dam | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "NewsArticle",
"headline": "California Lawmakers Grill Water Officials for Oversight of Damaged Dam",
"datePublished": "2017-05-12T16:27:29-07:00",
"dateModified": "2017-05-12T17:23:05-07:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"isAccessibleForFree": "True",
"publisher": {
"@type": "NewsMediaOrganization",
"@id": "https://www.kqed.org/#organization",
"name": "KQED",
"logo": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"url": "https://www.kqed.org",
"sameAs": [
"https://www.facebook.com/KQED",
"https://twitter.com/KQED",
"https://www.instagram.com/kqed/",
"https://www.tiktok.com/@kqedofficial",
"https://www.linkedin.com/company/kqed",
"https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCeC0IOo7i1P_61zVUWbJ4nw"
]
}
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-lawmakers-grill-water-officials-for-oversight-of-damaged-dam",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Ellen Knickmeyer\u003cbr>Associated Press\u003c/strong>",
"path": "/news/11454524/california-lawmakers-grill-water-officials-for-oversight-of-damaged-dam",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California lawmakers blasted state water officials Thursday for their oversight of the half-century-old dam that anchors the state's water system in a hearing focusing on the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">design problems and aging\u003c/a> that contributed to the evacuation of nearly 200,000 people downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This frightens me, that this was built in this manner,\" state Assemblyman Jim Frazier, a Democrat and an engineer by training, told the state officials overseeing the Oroville Dam, the nation's tallest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frazier cited \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/18/report-design-building-and-upkeep-flaws-led-to-oroville-spillway-failure/\">post-crisis inspection reports\u003c/a> of concrete as thin as the width of the palm of a hand on Oroville's main spillway. \"We have some things we need to address so this doesn't happen again.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both water-release spillways at the 770-foot-high dam, completed in the late 1960s, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/03/16/watch-what-happened-at-oroville-dam-and-what-could-still-go-wrong/\">washed away\u003c/a> during heavy rain and snow in February. Authorities ordered the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/23/six-weeks-after-crisis-oroville-evacuation-orders-finally-lifted/\">evacuation of people \u003c/a>in parts of three counties downstream, for fear that water was about to spill out of the lake — the state's second-largest — and roar through cities and towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a hearing in Sacramento on the crisis, lawmakers cited emerging technical reports from two independent teams of experts on the Oroville Dam's two spillways. Problem areas identified so far include concrete that was far thinner than modern standards call for, cracks, tree roots that had blocked spillway drains, and bedrock anchoring the dam that was far weaker than assumed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public and private dam-safety officials say the investigation into the problems at the Oroville Dam is being watched nationally, for lessons and warnings about the nation's other aging dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The culture of monitor, watch, patch and paint the crack must be corrected,\" said James Gallagher, a Republican Assemblyman who had been one of the people downstream of the dam evacuating with an hour's notice on Feb. 12. \"It risks the lives of my constituents and the complete shutdown of California's water system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Department of Water Resources officials have repeatedly acknowledged that the earthen dam was designed to looser standards than today. David Gutierrez, a consultant for the state water agency, told lawmakers that the state's inspections of the spillways before the crisis had fallen short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obviously, we've got to take a look at the process, because it didn't work,\" Gutierrez said of the state's routine for inspections of the Oroville dam's main spillway.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sheriff ordered the evacuation when the main spillway and then the emergency spillway at Oroville collapsed over several days, raising fears that several dozen feet of the earth and concrete that made up the emergency spillway could give way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bill Croyle, acting director of the state water agency, rejected complaints from some critics that the state had focused on the Oroville Dam as a water supply for roughly two dozen water companies and about 26 million Californians, rather than as a flooding threat to communities below. \"The decisions we've had to make ... are focused on public safety as No. 1,\" Croyle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state currently puts the cost of managing the spillway crisis and repairing the damage at more than a half-billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources said earlier this week it was asking the Federal Emergency Management Agency to fund 75 percent of all construction costs, on the grounds it was a public safety emergency. Federal authorities have not yet responded publicly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked by lawmakers to explain\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/02/15/oroville-dam-crisis-highlights-infrastructure-needs-within-state/\"> the state's plans \u003c/a>for funding the repairs, John Laird, the state's secretary of natural resources, pointed to water districts in Central and Southern California that rely on water from the Oroville Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've got a contract with the state water contractors, so that's where it starts,\" Laird said. \"They pay.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/news/11454524/california-lawmakers-grill-water-officials-for-oversight-of-damaged-dam",
"authors": [
"byline_news_11454524"
],
"programs": [
"news_6944",
"news_72"
],
"categories": [
"news_1758",
"news_19906",
"news_8",
"news_13",
"news_356"
],
"tags": [
"news_20699",
"news_20509",
"news_20559"
],
"featImg": "news_11454546",
"label": "news_72"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=environment": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 1284,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 2645,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"news_11473387",
"news_11471911",
"news_11463233",
"news_11465076",
"news_11463162",
"science_1645216",
"science_1642514",
"news_11359487",
"news_11459247",
"news_11454858",
"news_11449039",
"news_11454524"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_environment": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_35": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/environment"
},
"source_news_11473387": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_news_11473387",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_news_11471911": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_news_11471911",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "KPCC",
"link": "http://www.scpr.org/",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1642514": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1642514",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Water Deeply",
"link": "https://www.newsdeeply.com",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_news_11454858": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_news_11454858",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "NPR",
"link": "http://www.npr.org/",
"isLoading": false
},
"news_6944": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_6944",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "6944",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/10/News-Fix-Logo-Web-Banners-04.png",
"name": "News Fix",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "program",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "The News Fix is a daily news podcast from KQED that breaks down the latest headlines and provides in-depth analysis of the stories that matter to the Bay Area.",
"title": "News Fix - Daily Dose of Bay Area News | KQED",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 6968,
"slug": "news-fix",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/program/news-fix"
},
"news_72": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_72",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "72",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/10/TCR-2-Logo-Web-Banners-03.png",
"name": "The California Report",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "program",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "The California Report Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 6969,
"slug": "the-california-report",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/program/the-california-report"
},
"news_457": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_457",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "457",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 16998,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/category/health"
},
"news_8": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_8",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "8",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 8,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/category/news"
},
"news_356": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_356",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "356",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Science",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Science Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 364,
"slug": "science",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/category/science"
},
"news_1153": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_1153",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "1153",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "California Department of Public Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "California Department of Public Health Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1164,
"slug": "california-department-of-public-health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/california-department-of-public-health"
},
"news_19906": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_19906",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "19906",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 19923,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/category/environment"
},
"news_20000": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_20000",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "20000",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "coachella valley",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "coachella valley Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 20017,
"slug": "coachella-valley",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/coachella-valley"
},
"news_17826": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_17826",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "17826",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "earthquakes",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "earthquakes Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 17860,
"slug": "earthquakes",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/earthquakes"
},
"news_1730": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_1730",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "1730",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "infrastructure",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "infrastructure Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1742,
"slug": "infrastructure",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/infrastructure"
},
"news_6902": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_6902",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "6902",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "San Andreas Fault",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "San Andreas Fault Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 6926,
"slug": "san-andreas-fault",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/san-andreas-fault"
},
"news_17286": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_17286",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "17286",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "tcr",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "tcr Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 17318,
"slug": "tcr",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/tcr"
},
"news_7055": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_7055",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "7055",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "KPCC",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "affiliate",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "KPCC Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 7082,
"slug": "kpcc",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/affiliate/kpcc"
},
"news_2036": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_2036",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "2036",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "air pollution",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "air pollution Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2051,
"slug": "air-pollution",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/air-pollution"
},
"news_2928": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_2928",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "2928",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "air quality",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "air quality Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2946,
"slug": "air-quality",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/air-quality"
},
"news_20962": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_20962",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "20962",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Clean Air Act",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Clean Air Act Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 20979,
"slug": "clean-air-act",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/clean-air-act"
},
"news_1116": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_1116",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "1116",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "EPA",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "EPA Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1127,
"slug": "epa",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/epa"
},
"news_19542": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_19542",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "19542",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "featured",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "featured Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 19559,
"slug": "featured",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/featured"
},
"news_2920": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_2920",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "2920",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "pollution",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "pollution Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2938,
"slug": "pollution",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/pollution"
},
"news_312": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_312",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "312",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "San Joaquin Valley",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "San Joaquin Valley Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 320,
"slug": "san-joaquin-valley",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/san-joaquin-valley"
},
"news_17041": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_17041",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "17041",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "the-california-report-featured",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "the-california-report-featured Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 17067,
"slug": "the-california-report-featured",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/the-california-report-featured"
},
"news_18975": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_18975",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "18975",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Center for Public Integrity",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "affiliate",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Center for Public Integrity Archives | KQED Arts",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 18992,
"slug": "center-for-public-integrity",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/affiliate/center-for-public-integrity"
},
"news_6188": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_6188",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "6188",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Law and Justice",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Law and Justice Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 6212,
"slug": "law-and-justice",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/category/law-and-justice"
},
"news_18132": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_18132",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "18132",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "animals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "animals Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 18166,
"slug": "animals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/animals"
},
"news_2199": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_2199",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "2199",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "bees",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "bees Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2214,
"slug": "bees",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/bees"
},
"news_37": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_37",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "37",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Fresno",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Fresno Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "fresno",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/fresno"
},
"news_4223": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_4223",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "4223",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Chevron refinery",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Chevron refinery Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 4242,
"slug": "chevron-refinery",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/chevron-refinery"
},
"news_579": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_579",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "579",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Richmond",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Richmond Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2717,
"slug": "richmond",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/richmond"
},
"science_2874": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2874",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2874",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Animals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Animals Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2874,
"slug": "animals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/animals"
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"science_98": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_98",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "98",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 102,
"slug": "water",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/water"
},
"science_260": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_260",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "260",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "extinction",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "extinction Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 264,
"slug": "extinction",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/extinction"
},
"science_556": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_556",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "556",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "global warming",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "global warming Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 562,
"slug": "global-warming",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/global-warming"
},
"science_247": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_247",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "247",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "salmon",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "salmon Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 251,
"slug": "salmon",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/salmon"
},
"science_1151": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1151",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1151",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Drought Watch",
"description": "\u003cem>What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/\">The Lowdown\u003c/a>)\u003c/em>\r\n\r\n[iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"]\r\n\r\n\u003cem>We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the \u003ca href=\"#background\">background\u003c/a> and rounding up \u003ca href=\"#river\">all the stories\u003c/a> we’ve produced.\u003c/em>\r\n\r\n\u003cstrong>Relief at Last\r\n\u003c/strong>\r\n\r\nIn early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://droughtmonitor.unl.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Drought Monitor\u003c/a>, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago.\r\n\r\n[http_redir]",
"taxonomy": "series",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "What California's reservoirs look like right now (From KQED's The Lowdown) [iframe src=\"http://kroodsma.com/KQED/water-supply-master/public/map.html\" width=\"640\" height=\"720\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"] We’re collecting all of our California drought coverage here, starting with the current state of the drought, then providing the background and rounding up all the stories we’ve produced. Relief at Last In early April, after more than five years of the most withering drought on record, California Governor Jerry Brown finally lifted the emergency drought order he issued in January of 2014. By that time, the record-setting winter of 2016-17 had removed all doubt that the drought was over, though concerns over depleted groundwater levels still remain. According to the U.S. Drought Monitor, less than 10 percent of California remains in “moderate drought” — compared to nearly 100 percent of the state a year ago. [http_redir]",
"title": "Drought Watch Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1160,
"slug": "california-drought-watch",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/series/california-drought-watch"
},
"science_1622": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1622",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1622",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "California drought",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "California drought Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1631,
"slug": "california-drought",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/california-drought"
},
"science_3197": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3197",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3197",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Colorado River",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Colorado River Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3197,
"slug": "colorado-river",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/colorado-river"
},
"science_572": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_572",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "572",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drought",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drought Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 578,
"slug": "drought",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/drought"
},
"science_813": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_813",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "813",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "news",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "news Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 820,
"slug": "news-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/news-2"
},
"science_201": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_201",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "201",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "water",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "water Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 205,
"slug": "water-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/water-2"
},
"news_13": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_13",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "13",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"name": "Politics",
"slug": "politics",
"taxonomy": "category",
"description": null,
"featImg": null,
"headData": {
"title": "Politics | KQED News",
"description": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogDescription": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"twDescription": null,
"twImgId": null
},
"ttid": 13,
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/category/politics"
},
"news_20023": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_20023",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "20023",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "environment Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 20040,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/environment"
},
"news_18299": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_18299",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "18299",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "environmental justice",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "environmental justice Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 18333,
"slug": "environmental-justice",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/environmental-justice"
},
"news_18543": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_18543",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "18543",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 466,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/health"
},
"news_1758": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_1758",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "1758",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Economy",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "Full coverage of the economy",
"title": "Economy Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2648,
"slug": "economy",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/category/economy"
},
"news_4175": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_4175",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "4175",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Lake Oroville",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Lake Oroville Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 4194,
"slug": "lake-oroville",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/lake-oroville"
},
"news_20509": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_20509",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "20509",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Oroville Dam",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Oroville Dam Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 20526,
"slug": "oroville-dam",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/oroville-dam"
},
"news_20559": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_20559",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "20559",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Oroville spillway",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Oroville spillway Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 20576,
"slug": "oroville-spillway",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/oroville-spillway"
},
"news_248": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_248",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "248",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Technology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Technology Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 256,
"slug": "technology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/category/technology"
},
"news_17611": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_17611",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "17611",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "business",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "business Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 17645,
"slug": "business",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/business"
},
"news_394": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_394",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "394",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "solar power",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "solar power Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 402,
"slug": "solar-power",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/solar-power"
},
"news_57": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_57",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "57",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Tesla",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Tesla Archives | KQED News",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 57,
"slug": "tesla",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/tag/tesla"
},
"news_253": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "news_253",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "news",
"id": "253",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "NPR",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "affiliate",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "KQED is the NPR station for the Bay Area, providing award-winning news, programming, and community engagement.",
"title": "NPR Archives - Get the Latest News and Reports from California | KQED",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 7083,
"slug": "npr",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/news/affiliate/npr"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
}
}
