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"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]With summer just around the corner, Southern California beaches are ready to welcome the yearly arrival of some very unique and amorous guests. That’s right, the grunion are running!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California grunion are fish that spend their lives in the ocean. But when the tides are at their highest during spring and summer, grunion make a trip up onto beaches to mate and lay eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grunion mate on beaches throughout Southern California and down into Mexico. The grunion runs are especially popular in coastal communities like Santa Barbara and San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During warm summer nights, crowds emerge to witness the grunion run. Some are there just to watch. Others scramble in the darkness to catch the fish and bring them home for a date with the grill or frying pan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grunion ride in on the biggest waves, wiggling and flopping to get as far up onto the sand as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1689035\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-run-500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1689035\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-run-500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"277\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California grunion spawning events can completely cover a section of beach. \u003ccite>(Michael Murrie/Pepperdine University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They’re not particularly agile on land but they’re able to do what they need to do,” said Karen Martin, a biology professor at Pepperdine University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin said she doesn’t get much sleep this time of year because California grunion typically run at night. Instead she can be found leading groups of students and researchers out to the coast where they use night-vision scopes and headlamps to search for the fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By tracking the tides, Martin is able to estimate the time \u003ca href=\"http://www.grunion.org/\">when grunion are most likely to run\u003c/a>. But the exact timing and locations are anyone’s guess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to know where to look,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not like they run across the entire beach, usually it’s just one little area where you might be able to find them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Female grunion use their tails to burrow down into the loose wet sand until they are buried up to their gills. That’s when they lay their translucent orange-yolked eggs. The eggs are tiny— each one a little smaller than a pea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The male grunion do their best to join up with the females and that’s no easy feat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1689039\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-flop-500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1689039\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-flop-500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"278\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A grunion searches for a mate by flopping on the damp sand. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Grunion don’t appear particularly well adapted to getting around on the damp sand. Instead they bend their bodies and hurl themselves into the dark in search of mates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they do meet up, the males curl their bodies around the females and fertilize the eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1689041\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-laying-eggs-500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1689041\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-laying-eggs-500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"277\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Female grunion burrow into the semi-liquid sand to deposit their eggs. \u003ccite>(Michael Murrie/ Pepperdine University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They’re not out very long,” Martin said. “But they’re not breathing air. They won’t survive very long like that, but when they’re out they don’t appear to be stressed out and panicking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the deed is done, the grunion wiggle back out and catch the next big wave home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole undertaking is a sight to behold and prompts the question of why a fish would want to risk coming out on land just to leave their next generation stranded in the dry sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess they just do it for the kids’ sake,” Martin said. “They get to develop in a protected area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean is full of predators who would like to gobble up a tasty fish egg. The grunion eggs tend to be safer up on the beach if they can make it there without raising the attention of predators like birds and raccoons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each egg is encased in a thick clear layer called a chorion that serves to protect them from damage while allowing oxygen through to the developing fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you touch them they almost feel like they’re made of plastic,” Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1689042\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-egg-eye-500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1689042\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-egg-eye-500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The eyes of a developing grunion are clearly visible through the translucent chorion layer. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The chorion makes the eggs tough enough to survive being buried under the sand and keeps them from drying out while they develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that sand may not be as dry as it seems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The surface might be totally dry but if you dig down a few inches where the eggs are then it’s still damp,” Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The baby grunion wait for the next cycle of high tides to take them back out to sea. That typically means a two-week wait. But if that set of high tides turns out to be a dud, the grunion eggs can stay put for an extra two weeks to catch the following cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the high tides do return, the grunion get swept out by the waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cold seawater is the signal to hatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1689044\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-hatch01-500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1689044\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-hatch01-500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"276\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When exposed to seawater, grunion secrete enzymes from glands in their tails that eat through the chorion allowing them to break free from the protective layer. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spurred on by the agitation of getting bounced around in the waves, the grunion come bursting out of their chorions and swim off to live their lives in the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mating runs were first described in the early part of the 20th century, but the timing wasn’t linked to the tides until the 1940s. By then it was also becoming clear that people were catching grunion faster than they could be replaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect the grunion, the fishing season closes every year during the peak of the expected spawning period. During the open season there is no take limit but grunion can only be caught with hands without the use of nets or traps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to their dangerous mating strategy, grunion populations also contend with loss of sandy beach habitats and coastal pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These animals depend on their beaches,” said Martin. “The experience of watching them come surfing in on the waves… it goes along with our whole California thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more info about grunion head over to http://www.grunion.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "During the highest tides, California grunion leave their watery home to mate and lay their eggs on sandy beaches. How will their young make it back to the ocean?",
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"title": "These Fish Are All About Sex on the Beach | Deep Look | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>With summer just around the corner, Southern California beaches are ready to welcome the yearly arrival of some very unique and amorous guests. That’s right, the grunion are running!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California grunion are fish that spend their lives in the ocean. But when the tides are at their highest during spring and summer, grunion make a trip up onto beaches to mate and lay eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grunion mate on beaches throughout Southern California and down into Mexico. The grunion runs are especially popular in coastal communities like Santa Barbara and San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During warm summer nights, crowds emerge to witness the grunion run. Some are there just to watch. Others scramble in the darkness to catch the fish and bring them home for a date with the grill or frying pan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grunion ride in on the biggest waves, wiggling and flopping to get as far up onto the sand as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1689035\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-run-500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1689035\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-run-500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"277\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California grunion spawning events can completely cover a section of beach. \u003ccite>(Michael Murrie/Pepperdine University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They’re not particularly agile on land but they’re able to do what they need to do,” said Karen Martin, a biology professor at Pepperdine University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin said she doesn’t get much sleep this time of year because California grunion typically run at night. Instead she can be found leading groups of students and researchers out to the coast where they use night-vision scopes and headlamps to search for the fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By tracking the tides, Martin is able to estimate the time \u003ca href=\"http://www.grunion.org/\">when grunion are most likely to run\u003c/a>. But the exact timing and locations are anyone’s guess.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to know where to look,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not like they run across the entire beach, usually it’s just one little area where you might be able to find them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Female grunion use their tails to burrow down into the loose wet sand until they are buried up to their gills. That’s when they lay their translucent orange-yolked eggs. The eggs are tiny— each one a little smaller than a pea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The male grunion do their best to join up with the females and that’s no easy feat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1689039\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-flop-500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1689039\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-flop-500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"278\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A grunion searches for a mate by flopping on the damp sand. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Grunion don’t appear particularly well adapted to getting around on the damp sand. Instead they bend their bodies and hurl themselves into the dark in search of mates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they do meet up, the males curl their bodies around the females and fertilize the eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1689041\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-laying-eggs-500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1689041\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-laying-eggs-500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"277\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Female grunion burrow into the semi-liquid sand to deposit their eggs. \u003ccite>(Michael Murrie/ Pepperdine University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They’re not out very long,” Martin said. “But they’re not breathing air. They won’t survive very long like that, but when they’re out they don’t appear to be stressed out and panicking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the deed is done, the grunion wiggle back out and catch the next big wave home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The whole undertaking is a sight to behold and prompts the question of why a fish would want to risk coming out on land just to leave their next generation stranded in the dry sand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guess they just do it for the kids’ sake,” Martin said. “They get to develop in a protected area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean is full of predators who would like to gobble up a tasty fish egg. The grunion eggs tend to be safer up on the beach if they can make it there without raising the attention of predators like birds and raccoons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each egg is encased in a thick clear layer called a chorion that serves to protect them from damage while allowing oxygen through to the developing fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you touch them they almost feel like they’re made of plastic,” Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1689042\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-egg-eye-500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1689042\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-egg-eye-500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"280\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The eyes of a developing grunion are clearly visible through the translucent chorion layer. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The chorion makes the eggs tough enough to survive being buried under the sand and keeps them from drying out while they develop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that sand may not be as dry as it seems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The surface might be totally dry but if you dig down a few inches where the eggs are then it’s still damp,” Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The baby grunion wait for the next cycle of high tides to take them back out to sea. That typically means a two-week wait. But if that set of high tides turns out to be a dud, the grunion eggs can stay put for an extra two weeks to catch the following cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the high tides do return, the grunion get swept out by the waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cold seawater is the signal to hatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1689044\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-hatch01-500.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1689044\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/DL411-Grunion-hatch01-500.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"276\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When exposed to seawater, grunion secrete enzymes from glands in their tails that eat through the chorion allowing them to break free from the protective layer. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spurred on by the agitation of getting bounced around in the waves, the grunion come bursting out of their chorions and swim off to live their lives in the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mating runs were first described in the early part of the 20th century, but the timing wasn’t linked to the tides until the 1940s. By then it was also becoming clear that people were catching grunion faster than they could be replaced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To protect the grunion, the fishing season closes every year during the peak of the expected spawning period. During the open season there is no take limit but grunion can only be caught with hands without the use of nets or traps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to their dangerous mating strategy, grunion populations also contend with loss of sandy beach habitats and coastal pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These animals depend on their beaches,” said Martin. “The experience of watching them come surfing in on the waves… it goes along with our whole California thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more info about grunion head over to http://www.grunion.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "How Our Caffeine Habit Affects California's Waterways",
"headTitle": "How Our Caffeine Habit Affects California’s Waterways | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>What would we do without caffeine? Millions of Americans rely on it in coffee, tea and energy drinks to prepare for a day at work, keep focused on a long drive or simply stay awake after a big lunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a dark side to the world’s most popular legal stimulant is slowly emerging.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">More than one-third of water samples from open-space areas in Southern California tested positive for caffeine.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It turns out that our bodies don’t absorb all the caffeine we consume. Some gets expelled in our urine and ends up entering sewage systems or the environment, posing a threat to wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sewage treatment plants generally do a good job removing caffeine, and the treated wastewater they release back to the environment is generally free of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a number of recent studies, caffeine has been detected in water sampled from remote streams – far from urban areas and sewer systems. This suggests our appetite for caffeine has crossed some unseen threshold, and is beginning to impact the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no natural sources of caffeine in North America. So any found in water samples surely came from humans, whether in beverages, food or pharmaceuticals. That’s one result of a study recently conducted by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sandiego/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we started getting results, we realized it’s way more prevalent than just from leaky sewer lines and septic systems,” said Carey Nagoda, a water resource control engineer for the water board. “So that was kind of a puzzle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nagoda analyzed nearly 100 water samples over a seven-year period from throughout San Diego County and part of Orange County. They came from a range of sites encompassing raw sewage and treated wastewater in urban areas, as well as streams in remote open-space areas where there is no human development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1696588\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1696588\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS-520x346.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS.jpg 980w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cedar Creek Falls, a popular hiking destination in Cleveland National Forest, is one area where the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board has detected caffeine in the water. \u003ccite>(U.S. Forest Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The results, presented at the water board’s February meeting, showed that samples from urban areas tested positive for caffeine, which was not surprising, Nagoda said. Samples from untreated (raw) sewage contained between 0.052 and 8.5 micrograms per liter, while those taken near active septic systems ranged from 0.029 to 1.19 micrograms per liter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What did surprise her was that more than one-third of the samples from open-space areas tested positive for caffeine. The samples from these areas ranged from 0.032 to 0.662 micrograms per liter, or similar to those samples taken near septic systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were completely shocked by that,” Nagoda said. “What really ended up falling out was that the areas known for high recreational use – like fishing, horseback riding, hiking, camping – were the ones that had caffeine hits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This suggests visitors in these areas may not practicing good habits, whether by urinating too close to streams or leaving waste behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results also suggest that other contaminants found in human waste, such as pharmaceuticals and pathogens, could be polluting these areas..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For several years, water quality officials have used caffeine as a “marker” in water sampling. When they find caffeine in a sample, it usually means a leaking sewer line nearby, and it’s often associated with more harmful pollutants in sewage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caffeine has also been detected at remote locations in Oregon. In a 2012 study of coastal pollution, caffeine was found in beach waters near urban areas, and in coastal streams and estuaries. The highest concentrations, however, were found not near urban areas but in more remote coastal areas. These samples showed around .045 micrograms per liter – at the low end of the range found in remote areas of San Diego County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That indicates poor-performing septic systems in rural areas, said Elise Granek, the study’s lead author and a marine ecologist at Portland State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous studies have shown that caffeine is toxic to a variety of wildlife at high concentrations. The effects are less clear in cases of continual exposure at low levels – like those documented in nature by Granek and Nagoda – because little research has been done in this area. So far, clear toxic thresholds have yet to be firmly established.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a separate study by graduate student Zoe Rodriguez del Rey and overseen by Granek, a common species of near-shore mussel was exposed to low levels of caffeine, similar to those found in both the Oregon and San Diego water samples. The mussels initially expended energy producing a protein designed to protect their DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At greater caffeine exposure levels – yet still within the range found in coastal water samples –— the mussels stopped producing the protective protein. As a result, they may have faced a risk of genetic mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They get so stressed out at a cellular level that they can’t protect their DNA with this protein,” Granek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research at UC Irvine found that caffeine in seawater may contribute to coral bleaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granek planned to do followup studies to learn more about chronic effects on mussels. Ironically, ambient caffeine levels at her urban Portland lab made that impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It so happens that a Starbucks coffee franchise sits directly across the street from Granek’s lab. Caffeine is so easily aerosolized, she said, that it became impossible to obtain reliable “control” (or clean) conditions in the lab as a baseline for the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hopes other scientists are able to continue this kind of research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are so many things that are stressing out organisms and ecosystems, it’s not on a lot of people’s radar to be looking at these [caffeine] compounds,” she said. “It seems like people focus on things that they think are sexier compounds, like Prozac.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, there are also no water-quality standards established for caffeine in wastewater effluent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what’s a caffeine-lover to do? An easy starting point is to adopt better waste disposal habits, says Helen Yu, a water resources control engineer at the San Diego water board, who is studying caffeine and other contaminants in the Tijuana River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, don’t dump leftover caffeine beverages or containers where they could enter streams or storm drains. And when enjoying the outdoors, exercise proper bathroom practices. That means using a designated restroom or outhouse whenever available. If that’s not possible, choose a proper site at least 200 feet from any waterway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Residents should do their part to help reduce caffeine release to the environment,” said Yu. “The cumulative effect on ecosystem health is not known at this time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/06/05/your-caffeine-habit-may-be-harming-waterways-wildlife\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Recent testing has found low levels of caffeine, even in relatively remote waterways around the West. Studies show it may be harmful to some wildlife species, but more research is needed.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What would we do without caffeine? Millions of Americans rely on it in coffee, tea and energy drinks to prepare for a day at work, keep focused on a long drive or simply stay awake after a big lunch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a dark side to the world’s most popular legal stimulant is slowly emerging.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">More than one-third of water samples from open-space areas in Southern California tested positive for caffeine.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It turns out that our bodies don’t absorb all the caffeine we consume. Some gets expelled in our urine and ends up entering sewage systems or the environment, posing a threat to wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sewage treatment plants generally do a good job removing caffeine, and the treated wastewater they release back to the environment is generally free of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a number of recent studies, caffeine has been detected in water sampled from remote streams – far from urban areas and sewer systems. This suggests our appetite for caffeine has crossed some unseen threshold, and is beginning to impact the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no natural sources of caffeine in North America. So any found in water samples surely came from humans, whether in beverages, food or pharmaceuticals. That’s one result of a study recently conducted by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.waterboards.ca.gov/sandiego/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we started getting results, we realized it’s way more prevalent than just from leaky sewer lines and septic systems,” said Carey Nagoda, a water resource control engineer for the water board. “So that was kind of a puzzle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nagoda analyzed nearly 100 water samples over a seven-year period from throughout San Diego County and part of Orange County. They came from a range of sites encompassing raw sewage and treated wastewater in urban areas, as well as streams in remote open-space areas where there is no human development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1696588\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1696588\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS-520x346.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/06/CedarCreekUSFS.jpg 980w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cedar Creek Falls, a popular hiking destination in Cleveland National Forest, is one area where the San Diego Regional Water Quality Control Board has detected caffeine in the water. \u003ccite>(U.S. Forest Service)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The results, presented at the water board’s February meeting, showed that samples from urban areas tested positive for caffeine, which was not surprising, Nagoda said. Samples from untreated (raw) sewage contained between 0.052 and 8.5 micrograms per liter, while those taken near active septic systems ranged from 0.029 to 1.19 micrograms per liter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What did surprise her was that more than one-third of the samples from open-space areas tested positive for caffeine. The samples from these areas ranged from 0.032 to 0.662 micrograms per liter, or similar to those samples taken near septic systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were completely shocked by that,” Nagoda said. “What really ended up falling out was that the areas known for high recreational use – like fishing, horseback riding, hiking, camping – were the ones that had caffeine hits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This suggests visitors in these areas may not practicing good habits, whether by urinating too close to streams or leaving waste behind.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The results also suggest that other contaminants found in human waste, such as pharmaceuticals and pathogens, could be polluting these areas..\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For several years, water quality officials have used caffeine as a “marker” in water sampling. When they find caffeine in a sample, it usually means a leaking sewer line nearby, and it’s often associated with more harmful pollutants in sewage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caffeine has also been detected at remote locations in Oregon. In a 2012 study of coastal pollution, caffeine was found in beach waters near urban areas, and in coastal streams and estuaries. The highest concentrations, however, were found not near urban areas but in more remote coastal areas. These samples showed around .045 micrograms per liter – at the low end of the range found in remote areas of San Diego County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That indicates poor-performing septic systems in rural areas, said Elise Granek, the study’s lead author and a marine ecologist at Portland State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous studies have shown that caffeine is toxic to a variety of wildlife at high concentrations. The effects are less clear in cases of continual exposure at low levels – like those documented in nature by Granek and Nagoda – because little research has been done in this area. So far, clear toxic thresholds have yet to be firmly established.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a separate study by graduate student Zoe Rodriguez del Rey and overseen by Granek, a common species of near-shore mussel was exposed to low levels of caffeine, similar to those found in both the Oregon and San Diego water samples. The mussels initially expended energy producing a protein designed to protect their DNA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At greater caffeine exposure levels – yet still within the range found in coastal water samples –— the mussels stopped producing the protective protein. As a result, they may have faced a risk of genetic mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They get so stressed out at a cellular level that they can’t protect their DNA with this protein,” Granek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other research at UC Irvine found that caffeine in seawater may contribute to coral bleaching.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Granek planned to do followup studies to learn more about chronic effects on mussels. Ironically, ambient caffeine levels at her urban Portland lab made that impossible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It so happens that a Starbucks coffee franchise sits directly across the street from Granek’s lab. Caffeine is so easily aerosolized, she said, that it became impossible to obtain reliable “control” (or clean) conditions in the lab as a baseline for the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She hopes other scientists are able to continue this kind of research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are so many things that are stressing out organisms and ecosystems, it’s not on a lot of people’s radar to be looking at these [caffeine] compounds,” she said. “It seems like people focus on things that they think are sexier compounds, like Prozac.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, there are also no water-quality standards established for caffeine in wastewater effluent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, what’s a caffeine-lover to do? An easy starting point is to adopt better waste disposal habits, says Helen Yu, a water resources control engineer at the San Diego water board, who is studying caffeine and other contaminants in the Tijuana River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, don’t dump leftover caffeine beverages or containers where they could enter streams or storm drains. And when enjoying the outdoors, exercise proper bathroom practices. That means using a designated restroom or outhouse whenever available. If that’s not possible, choose a proper site at least 200 feet from any waterway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Residents should do their part to help reduce caffeine release to the environment,” said Yu. “The cumulative effect on ecosystem health is not known at this time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/01/530748899/trump-poised-to-announce-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced Thursday\u003c/a> that the U.S. will leave the Paris climate deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">A Washington Post poll in January found just 31 percent of those surveyed supported withdrawing from the Paris deal, while 56 percent were opposed. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Here are five things that could be affected by the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. The coal industry \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-coal-idUSKBN1762YY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Even coal companies had lobbied\u003c/a> the Trump administration to stay in the agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They said they needed a seat at the table during international climate discussions to advocate for coal’s place in the global energy mix. The industry also wants financial support for technology to capture and store carbon emissions, something that could keep coal plants operating longer even as cities, states and other countries work to address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While President Trump had promised to “cancel” the Paris deal to boost coal, the decision is not likely to create more jobs. The industry is in a long-term decline as it faces competition from cheaper natural gas and — increasingly — wind and solar. Some utilities are also responding to customer demand for renewable power, and the policies of any one administration have little impact on those decisions. “As a utility, we’re trying to plan many years out into the future,” says Ron Roberts of Puget Sound Energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. The climate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main goal of the Paris deal was to limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius (or, aspirationally, even 1.5 degrees). Beyond that point, scientists worry that catastrophic impacts of warming become irreversible. The various Paris pledges by each nation were not actually enough to achieve that target. And even with the environmental regulations passed under President Barack Obama, the U.S. was unlikely to meet its original commitment — to reduce carbon emissions by 26 to 28 percent below 2005 levels. Now, the U.S. may fall further from that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, U.S. carbon emissions will still probably continue to decline, at least for a few years. Market forces are pushing utilities to switch from coal to natural gas or renewable power. “We are on a path to reduce emissions below 2005 levels by about 15 to 17 percent in 2020,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/27/530337304/market-forces-may-impact-emissions-more-than-climate-agreements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">says Kate Larsen of the Rhodium Group\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Trump administration is rolling back a host of other climate regulations, and that impact will start to be felt in a few years. Economist Marc Hafstead of Resources for the Future says if economic growth picks up, leaving the Paris deal may mean overall U.S. emissions drop only by 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. U.S. global leadership\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s top diplomat, Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, warned against leaving the Paris deal. It puts the U.S. in a very small camp; the only other countries not part of the agreement are Syria, which is in the midst of a civil war, and Nicaragua, which argued that the Paris accord did not go far enough to curb global emissions. Former Secretary of State John Kerry calls Trump’s decision “an irresponsible walking back of American leadership.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of putting America first, Kerry tells NPR’s \u003cem>Morning Edition,\u003c/em> Trump is putting the nation last. Kerry accuses Trump of basing his decision on “alternative facts,” calling it “one of the most disastrous, shallow, untruthful decisions a president of the United States has made in my lifetime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The European Union’s top climate change official, Miguel Arias Canete, calls it a “sad day for the global community” but adds that the “world can continue to count on Europe for global leadership in the fight against climate change.” China, too, is poised to take a stronger role on climate diplomacy. U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres is counting on that and argues there are economic benefits to this. “The sustainability train has left the station,” he said earlier this week. “Those who embrace green technologies will set the gold standard for economic leadership in the 21st century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. President Trump’s public support (but maybe not the part that counts)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Americans want the U.S. to stay in the Paris climate accord. But in bucking that broad public opinion, Trump is playing to his base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/page/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2017/01/17/National-Politics/Polling/question_18485.xml?uuid=eV5GmNysEeaJAmEP5IZ5HA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Washington Post poll\u003c/a> in January found just 31 percent of those surveyed supported withdrawing from the Paris deal, while 56 percent were opposed. But conservative Republicans are far less supportive of the Paris agreement than liberal Democrats, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/2016/10/04/the-politics-of-climate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the Pew Research Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before taking office, Trump repeatedly dismissed climate change as a hoax and suggested that Obama-era climate regulations put the U.S. at a competitive disadvantage. Many conservative Republicans share the president’s climate skepticism. And less than a third support measures like the Clean Power Plan — Obama’s principal tool for meeting America’s Paris climate commitments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pulling out of the Paris accords will undoubtedly anger many Americans, but it keeps a promise to Trump’s core supporters. As small-government activist Grover Norquist \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/30/us/politics/paris-climate-agreement-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the New York Times\u003c/a>, “Everybody who hates Trump wants him to stay in Paris. Everybody who respects him, trusts him, voted for him, wishes for him to succeed, wants him to pull out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. The U.S. economy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has repeatedly called the Paris accord a “bad deal” for the U.S. and said it will hurt the economy. One big outlay is the Green Climate Fund set up under the deal. Obama had committed the U.S. to contributing $3 billion to the fund, which aims to help developing countries adapt to climate change and develop low-emission energy technologies. Under Obama, the U.S. transferred $1 billion, but Trump’s budget proposal does not include payments for the rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the Paris agreement also say imposing regulations to reduce carbon emissions is too costly. “It’d be very, very expensive,” Oklahoma Sen. James Inhofe, who has denied climate change is real, told WBUR’s \u003cem>Here & Now.\u003c/em> “It’d constitute probably the largest tax increase in the history of America.” It’s not clear whether that is true, but the coal industry has spent many millions installing technology to curb its emissions in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, the White House could easily have stayed in the Paris accord even as it opted not to pay into the climate fund or impose emissions cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, supporters of Paris say if the U.S. withdrawal leads to more severe climate change, that would greatly harm the U.S. economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nate Rott, Chris Joyce, Michele Kelemen, Scott Horsley and Jennifer Ludden contributed to this report.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=5+Changes+That+Could+Come+From+Leaving+The+Paris+Climate+Deal&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/01/530748899/trump-poised-to-announce-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced Thursday\u003c/a> that the U.S. will leave the Paris climate deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">A Washington Post poll in January found just 31 percent of those surveyed supported withdrawing from the Paris deal, while 56 percent were opposed. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Here are five things that could be affected by the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. The coal industry \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-coal-idUSKBN1762YY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Even coal companies had lobbied\u003c/a> the Trump administration to stay in the agreement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They said they needed a seat at the table during international climate discussions to advocate for coal’s place in the global energy mix. The industry also wants financial support for technology to capture and store carbon emissions, something that could keep coal plants operating longer even as cities, states and other countries work to address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While President Trump had promised to “cancel” the Paris deal to boost coal, the decision is not likely to create more jobs. The industry is in a long-term decline as it faces competition from cheaper natural gas and — increasingly — wind and solar. Some utilities are also responding to customer demand for renewable power, and the policies of any one administration have little impact on those decisions. “As a utility, we’re trying to plan many years out into the future,” says Ron Roberts of Puget Sound Energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. The climate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main goal of the Paris deal was to limit global temperature rise to 2 degrees Celsius (or, aspirationally, even 1.5 degrees). Beyond that point, scientists worry that catastrophic impacts of warming become irreversible. The various Paris pledges by each nation were not actually enough to achieve that target. And even with the environmental regulations passed under President Barack Obama, the U.S. was unlikely to meet its original commitment — to reduce carbon emissions by 26 to 28 percent below 2005 levels. Now, the U.S. may fall further from that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, U.S. carbon emissions will still probably continue to decline, at least for a few years. Market forces are pushing utilities to switch from coal to natural gas or renewable power. “We are on a path to reduce emissions below 2005 levels by about 15 to 17 percent in 2020,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/27/530337304/market-forces-may-impact-emissions-more-than-climate-agreements\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">says Kate Larsen of the Rhodium Group\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Trump administration is rolling back a host of other climate regulations, and that impact will start to be felt in a few years. Economist Marc Hafstead of Resources for the Future says if economic growth picks up, leaving the Paris deal may mean overall U.S. emissions drop only by 10 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. U.S. global leadership\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s top diplomat, Secretary of State Rex Tillerson, warned against leaving the Paris deal. It puts the U.S. in a very small camp; the only other countries not part of the agreement are Syria, which is in the midst of a civil war, and Nicaragua, which argued that the Paris accord did not go far enough to curb global emissions. Former Secretary of State John Kerry calls Trump’s decision “an irresponsible walking back of American leadership.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of putting America first, Kerry tells NPR’s \u003cem>Morning Edition,\u003c/em> Trump is putting the nation last. Kerry accuses Trump of basing his decision on “alternative facts,” calling it “one of the most disastrous, shallow, untruthful decisions a president of the United States has made in my lifetime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The European Union’s top climate change official, Miguel Arias Canete, calls it a “sad day for the global community” but adds that the “world can continue to count on Europe for global leadership in the fight against climate change.” China, too, is poised to take a stronger role on climate diplomacy. U.N. Secretary-General António Guterres is counting on that and argues there are economic benefits to this. “The sustainability train has left the station,” he said earlier this week. “Those who embrace green technologies will set the gold standard for economic leadership in the 21st century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. President Trump’s public support (but maybe not the part that counts)\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Americans want the U.S. to stay in the Paris climate accord. But in bucking that broad public opinion, Trump is playing to his base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/page/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2017/01/17/National-Politics/Polling/question_18485.xml?uuid=eV5GmNysEeaJAmEP5IZ5HA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Washington Post poll\u003c/a> in January found just 31 percent of those surveyed supported withdrawing from the Paris deal, while 56 percent were opposed. But conservative Republicans are far less supportive of the Paris agreement than liberal Democrats, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/2016/10/04/the-politics-of-climate/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to the Pew Research Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before taking office, Trump repeatedly dismissed climate change as a hoax and suggested that Obama-era climate regulations put the U.S. at a competitive disadvantage. Many conservative Republicans share the president’s climate skepticism. And less than a third support measures like the Clean Power Plan — Obama’s principal tool for meeting America’s Paris climate commitments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pulling out of the Paris accords will undoubtedly anger many Americans, but it keeps a promise to Trump’s core supporters. As small-government activist Grover Norquist \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/30/us/politics/paris-climate-agreement-trump.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the New York Times\u003c/a>, “Everybody who hates Trump wants him to stay in Paris. Everybody who respects him, trusts him, voted for him, wishes for him to succeed, wants him to pull out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. The U.S. economy\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has repeatedly called the Paris accord a “bad deal” for the U.S. and said it will hurt the economy. One big outlay is the Green Climate Fund set up under the deal. Obama had committed the U.S. to contributing $3 billion to the fund, which aims to help developing countries adapt to climate change and develop low-emission energy technologies. Under Obama, the U.S. transferred $1 billion, but Trump’s budget proposal does not include payments for the rest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the Paris agreement also say imposing regulations to reduce carbon emissions is too costly. “It’d be very, very expensive,” Oklahoma Sen. James Inhofe, who has denied climate change is real, told WBUR’s \u003cem>Here & Now.\u003c/em> “It’d constitute probably the largest tax increase in the history of America.” It’s not clear whether that is true, but the coal industry has spent many millions installing technology to curb its emissions in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That said, the White House could easily have stayed in the Paris accord even as it opted not to pay into the climate fund or impose emissions cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, supporters of Paris say if the U.S. withdrawal leads to more severe climate change, that would greatly harm the U.S. economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Bigger Than the 'Spruce Goose': A Look at the Giant Stratolaunch Jet",
"title": "Bigger Than the 'Spruce Goose': A Look at the Giant Stratolaunch Jet",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — Billionaire Paul Allen's Stratolaunch, a massive aircraft designed to launch rockets into space from high altitude, was rolled out of its hangar Wednesday in the Southern California town of Mojave for the first time in preparation for testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are things to know about the program that has been underway since 2011:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's really big:\u003c/strong> The Stratolaunch aircraft is enormous, with a wingspan totaling 385 feet, longer than the wingspan of any other aircraft and greater than the length of an American football field. Its twin fuselages stretch 238 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By comparison, the H-4 flying boat — nicknamed Spruce Goose and built by Howard Hughes in the 1940s — has a 320-foot wingspan and is just under 219 feet long. Among commonly seen aircraft, the double-decker Airbus A380's wings span 262 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11491023\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11491023\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-520x293.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rear view of the new Stratolaunch megajet as it rolled out for the first time in the Southern California town of Mojave. \u003ccite>(Stratolaunch Systems Corp.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weight and power:\u003c/strong> The Stratolaunch aircraft weighs 500,000 pounds empty, can carry 250,000 pounds of fuel, and with payload can take off at a maximum weight of 1.3 million pounds. It's powered by six jet engines of the same type used by Boeing 747s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Air launch:\u003c/strong> On launch missions, Stratolaunch will carry as many as three rockets attached to the center of the wing between the two fuselages. The rockets will be released, ignite their engines and carry small satellites weighing up to 1,000 pounds to low Earth orbit. Under a deal announced last year, Stratolaunch will use Pegasus XL winged rockets provided by Orbital ATK of Dulles, Virginia. Stratolaunch says the advantages of its system include being able to use numerous airports and avoid the limitations of fixed launch sites that can be impacted by weather, air traffic and ship traffic on ocean ranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>History:\u003c/strong> Airborne launches date back decades, most famously to the X-15 program of the 1950s and '60s, when manned rocket planes were carried aloft under the wing of a B-52 bomber and released on hypersonic research flights. In the 1990s, Orbital Sciences Corp. (now Orbital ATK) began releasing rockets from the belly of a converted L-1011 airliner to put small satellites into low Earth orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, Paul Allen, the Microsoft co-founder, funded development of the Burt Rutan-designed SpaceShipOne, the first privately developed manned spacecraft. Suspended between the twin fuselages of a special jet, SpaceShipOne was carried to high altitude and released. It reached space on three suborbital flights in 2004. The same launch concept is being used for SpaceShipTwo, the passenger-carrying craft being developed for Sir Richard Branson's Virgin Galactic space tourism enterprise. A spinoff, Virgin Orbit, is also developing an air launcher for putting small satellites into space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's next:\u003c/strong> The rollout at Mojave Air & Space Port in the desert northeast of Los Angeles followed removal of scaffolding used during construction and placement of the aircraft on its 28 wheels for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initial testing will focus on filling the six fuel tanks to ensure they are properly sealed and that related mechanisms are operating properly.\u003cbr>\nThe aircraft will then be taken back inside the hangar for weight and balance testing. Ground testing will lead to flight operations and the first launch demonstration, which is expected in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>John Antczak\u003cbr />Associated Press\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — Billionaire Paul Allen's Stratolaunch, a massive aircraft designed to launch rockets into space from high altitude, was rolled out of its hangar Wednesday in the Southern California town of Mojave for the first time in preparation for testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are things to know about the program that has been underway since 2011:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It's really big:\u003c/strong> The Stratolaunch aircraft is enormous, with a wingspan totaling 385 feet, longer than the wingspan of any other aircraft and greater than the length of an American football field. Its twin fuselages stretch 238 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By comparison, the H-4 flying boat — nicknamed Spruce Goose and built by Howard Hughes in the 1940s — has a 320-foot wingspan and is just under 219 feet long. Among commonly seen aircraft, the double-decker Airbus A380's wings span 262 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11491023\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11491023\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1-520x293.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/stratonew1.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rear view of the new Stratolaunch megajet as it rolled out for the first time in the Southern California town of Mojave. \u003ccite>(Stratolaunch Systems Corp.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weight and power:\u003c/strong> The Stratolaunch aircraft weighs 500,000 pounds empty, can carry 250,000 pounds of fuel, and with payload can take off at a maximum weight of 1.3 million pounds. It's powered by six jet engines of the same type used by Boeing 747s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Air launch:\u003c/strong> On launch missions, Stratolaunch will carry as many as three rockets attached to the center of the wing between the two fuselages. The rockets will be released, ignite their engines and carry small satellites weighing up to 1,000 pounds to low Earth orbit. Under a deal announced last year, Stratolaunch will use Pegasus XL winged rockets provided by Orbital ATK of Dulles, Virginia. Stratolaunch says the advantages of its system include being able to use numerous airports and avoid the limitations of fixed launch sites that can be impacted by weather, air traffic and ship traffic on ocean ranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>History:\u003c/strong> Airborne launches date back decades, most famously to the X-15 program of the 1950s and '60s, when manned rocket planes were carried aloft under the wing of a B-52 bomber and released on hypersonic research flights. In the 1990s, Orbital Sciences Corp. (now Orbital ATK) began releasing rockets from the belly of a converted L-1011 airliner to put small satellites into low Earth orbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, Paul Allen, the Microsoft co-founder, funded development of the Burt Rutan-designed SpaceShipOne, the first privately developed manned spacecraft. Suspended between the twin fuselages of a special jet, SpaceShipOne was carried to high altitude and released. It reached space on three suborbital flights in 2004. The same launch concept is being used for SpaceShipTwo, the passenger-carrying craft being developed for Sir Richard Branson's Virgin Galactic space tourism enterprise. A spinoff, Virgin Orbit, is also developing an air launcher for putting small satellites into space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What's next:\u003c/strong> The rollout at Mojave Air & Space Port in the desert northeast of Los Angeles followed removal of scaffolding used during construction and placement of the aircraft on its 28 wheels for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initial testing will focus on filling the six fuel tanks to ensure they are properly sealed and that related mechanisms are operating properly.\u003cbr>\nThe aircraft will then be taken back inside the hangar for weight and balance testing. Ground testing will lead to flight operations and the first launch demonstration, which is expected in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Into the Big Surreal: 36 Hours in California’s Isolated, Lonely Island",
"title": "Into the Big Surreal: 36 Hours in California’s Isolated, Lonely Island",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]I[/dropcap]t is true -- we could have gotten close to our destination by car -- but the idea of rushing a story about life in the new Big Sur seemed the journalistic equivalent of slamming a fine wine like it's a Jell-O shooter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also true that locals and officials warned us not to walk Highway 1, as there are stretches that could crumble, making it almost impossible to get emergency personnel to any injury scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I heard stories: There were mountain lions walking in the middle of empty roads, and longtime recluses sunbathing naked on the highway, and kids hiking miles just to get to school, and I had to see for myself if any of that was true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we grabbed some snacks, water, recording gear and a camping knife, threw on a pair of comfortable shoes and started on a 36-mile, 36-hour journey into California's newest coastal island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"we\" is my friend Gabrielle Gaudet and me. We traveled by foot and by thumb from the site of the ruined Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge in the north to the gigantic Mud Creek landslide just south of the hamlet of Gorda. As we walked and hitchhiked, we met a dozen people who are living on this landlocked island. We also walked long stretches where the only sounds came from the sea crashing against the rocks far below and our shoes hitting the sun-bleached pavement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature has severed the road connecting much of Big Sur to the rest of the world. From the Mud Creek slide to Pfeiffer Canyon the only route out is the winding, steep, slow-moving Nacimiento-Fergusson Road. And continuing trouble at a spot called \u003ca href=\"https://bigsurkate.wordpress.com/2017/01/15/how-pauls-slide-got-its-name/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paul's Slide\u003c/a> has frequently blocked the coast highway -- including last weekend. When that happens, the only way in or out of a 23-mile stretch, home to many Big Sur residents and businesses, is by boat or helicopter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we found is that this historic road closure has created a dangerous, beautifully deserted slice of California, filled with spectacular vistas of the mountains walling the Pacific, the landscape eerily vacant of people, as though it has been cleared to film a post-apocalyptic movie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11489822\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11489822\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-800x529.jpg\" alt=\"The former site of the Pfeiffer Canyon bridge in Big Sur.\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-1180x780.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-960x635.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-520x344.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The former site of the Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge in Big Sur. \u003ccite>(John Sepulvado/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]A[/dropcap]ll that is left of the Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge is one sawed-off, homely stump. It’s reminiscent of the ending of Shel Silverstein’s \"\u003ca href=\"http://schools.nyc.gov/NR/rdonlyres/35C1809B-B30D-450E-AE7C-1F399C7CA5AF/155278/TheGivingTreePoem.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Giving Tree\u003c/a>\" -- if the tree had been a massive concrete structure built in 1967. The stump stands as a reminder that modern engineering is often no match for the shifting landscape of Big Sur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/29/divided-big-sur-gets-some-help-as-new-trail-links-north-and-south/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mile-long dirt trail\u003c/a>, in some places no wider than 2 feet, connects the heart of Big Sur south of the bridge with the outside world to the north. Children use the trail each day to get to the bus that drives another 20-plus miles to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"DN0TmGr5eKAleusAd4ermzzGSfIcwkMB\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hike is full of moderate inclines and descents, steep steps and wild critters. As we crossed with a state park ranger, we saw a small box snake. The ranger said they routinely see rattlesnakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a quicker, more direct way across the gorge, but it has been fenced off and is supposed to be used only by construction workers trying to meet their September deadline to build a new bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temporary fencing is plastered with signs reading “KEEP OUT,” but on Memorial Day weekend, we see people quickly cross the small wooden stairway and bridge spanning the side of the canyon. The lawbreakers shave a half-hour off their trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11489818\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11489818\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-800x717.jpg\" alt=\"Signs warn against entry near the site of the now-demolished Pfeiffer Canyon bridge.\" width=\"800\" height=\"717\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-800x717.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-160x143.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-1020x914.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-1180x1057.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-960x860.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-240x215.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-375x336.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-520x466.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Signs warn against entry near the site of the now-demolished Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge. \u003ccite>(John Sepulvado/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the south side of the canyon, there is a row of cars and trucks. Some of the locals have cars on both sides of the canyon, so they can drive to the pit where the bridge once stood, get out, sprint across the wooden span or hike the gorge, then get in another car and go to town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This vehicle arrangement is a novel solution that can bring on what’s called “Big Sur problems.” For instance, when someone loses or forgets a set of keys, which turns out to be a surprisingly common occurrence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That forgetfulness proved fortuitous for Gabrielle and me. Two beekeepers from the \u003ca href=\"https://contemplation.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New Camaldoli Hermitage\u003c/a> who had forgotten the keys (for the second time that week, no less) to their car on the north side of the canyon wound up offering us a ride south as they returned to fetch them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t believe I did it again!,” one of the pair exclaimed, slapping palm against forehead. (I'm withholding the name of the \"bonehead\" -- their word -- to save them further embarrassment.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t believe you did either,” the other deadpanned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our 35-minute drive south to the hermitage -- a Roman Catholic monastery -- we talked to our new friends Rich and Vicky about everything from Big Sur gossip to climate change to future hopes and dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t get to talk to many new people at all,” Vicky explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There are families and workers who have been here for years, you know, like fixtures of the community, and they’ll have to leave if something doesn’t change soon.'\u003ccite>Rich, a Big Sur beekeeper\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, it’s really great to see people on this side,” Rich said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Slow down just a bit,” Vicky said, looking carsick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These roads wind on you,” Rich said, a little defensively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Especially if you’re driving them fast,” Vicky replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you’re not worried about getting pulled over or getting a ticket?” I asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t seen anyone pulled over since the bridge came down,” Rich said. That was in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a sheriff car parked on this side,” Vicky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, but I think that’s more for show so people don’t drive drunk from the tavern,” Rich explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are only a few businesses open along the highway. One of them is the Big Sur Taphouse, just south of Pfeiffer Canyon, which has become the de facto community center for the people who remain in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382018\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11382018\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-800x505.jpg\" alt=\"A helicopter sits on Highway 1. Since February, it's been one of the few ways in and out of the area south of the Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge.\" width=\"800\" height=\"505\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-800x505.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-160x101.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-1020x644.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-1180x745.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-960x607.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-240x152.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-375x237.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-520x329.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A helicopter sits on Highway 1. Since February, it's been one of the few ways in and out of the area south of the Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge. \u003ccite>(Krista Almanzan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s there that the rumors about Big Sur’s famous recluses, renegades and burnouts swirl, along with gossip about local businesses, sexy Caltrans workers, bridge completion dates and idle speculation about what the future might hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we neared the end of our ride, Rich asked if we could get the message out that workers and businesses, cut off from the usual flow of visitors and tourist dollars, are suffering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just money,\" he said. \"There are families and workers who have been here for years, you know, like fixtures of the community, and they'll have to leave if something doesn't change soon. There are already several businesses who have basically shut down after Paul's Slide. And everyone's wondering when they'll ever open.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003cem>If\u003c/em> they'll ever open,\" Vicky corrected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We said goodbye, got out of their Subaru and started walking south. Soon, we came across a \"Road Closed\" gate and walked around it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]P[/dropcap]aul's Slide began moving back in mid-December and is still going some five months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we approached the slide, we saw gray PVC pipes jutting out of the mountainside, installed to drain groundwater. Clear liquid trickled out of the pipes and pebbles fell continuously from the top of the mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closer to the slide's center, water streamed from the pipes, while fist-sized rocks bounced off the ground. As the highway narrowed and boulders appeared on the pavement, the water practically gushed onto the roadway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11489827\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11489827\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-800x546.jpg\" alt=\"Water drains off Paul's Slide onto what exposed surface remains of Highway 1.\" width=\"800\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-800x546.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-1020x696.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-1180x806.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-960x656.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-240x164.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-375x256.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-520x355.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water drains off Paul's Slide onto what exposed surface remains of Highway 1. \u003ccite>(John Sepulvado/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gabrielle cupped her hands and drank some of the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How's it taste?\" I yell over to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like water,\" she yelled back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like good water?\" I asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, I'm not going to taste it long enough to get sick,\" she said. \"I don't know what's in it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Gabrielle wondered what was in the fresh water coming from the mountain, you could see the mountain in the seawater below. Normally, this stretch of the California coast is colored in deep greens or blues, but the earth from Paul's Slide had turned a large swath of the water immediately below us turquoise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It looks more like the tropics than California,\" Gabrielle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'One feels exposed -- not only to the elements, but to the sight of God.'\u003ccite>Henry Miller, on living in Big Sur\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As we walked closer to Limekiln State Park, we saw 13 big vehicles, including bulldozers and dump trucks, parked along the side. In the distance, we saw bicyclists and could hear the faraway laughter of kids echo off the coastal rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, about 30 families were camped at Limekiln State Beach. There were still open campsites during what's usually one of the year's busiest weekends. Apparently, getting to this majestically beautiful spot wasn't worth the extra hours of travel over the challenging Nacimiento-Fergusson Road for many of those who made reservations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Limekiln, we began a 7-mile hike on the road to Mud Creek. The occasional Audi and BMW, having made it over the mountains, sped past with an abandon usually reserved for splashy car commercials. Gabrielle and I fell into the silence of walking contemplation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along this stretch, I was taken with the wildflowers along the highway. There are golden California poppies, lupine, monkey flowers, wild mustard and radish. As we head south, the ocean sends a fierce wind rolling over the flowers, stretching their stems to the mountains, their buds pointed toward the earth like little ears hoping to find rumors in the dirt. As the day became evening, the flowers again stretched –- this time toward the west, as the wind from the Santa Lucia Mountains pours over the land, pushing them and their petals toward the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]he novelist Henry Miller spent nearly 20 years in Big Sur and once wrote, \"One feels exposed -- not only to the elements, but to the sight of God.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there is truth to that statement, then God knows the elements are testing those who live there in a biblical manner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First there was a drought that was good for succulents but turned many creeks in the area into a trickle. The drought was followed by last summer's epic \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/20/california-fire-becomes-costliest-in-u-s-history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Soberanes Fire\u003c/a>, which sent smoke and soot into the sky for months and killed a bulldozer operator. After the fire came this winter's deluge, with more than 100 inches falling on some areas, swelling creeks and rivers and reawakening slides that have sent earth and rocks tumbling onto the roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What could be next?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11490865\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11490865\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-800x509.jpg\" alt=\"Heavy equipment sits near the landslide on Highway 1 near the Bg Sur hamlet of Gorda.\" width=\"800\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-800x509.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-1020x649.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-1180x750.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-960x611.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-240x153.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-375x238.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-520x331.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heavy equipment sits near the landslide on Highway 1 near the Bg Sur hamlet of Gorda. \u003ccite>(John Sepulvado/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The joke around here is that the locusts are on their way,\" said Magnus Toren, the executive director of the Henry Miller Library in Big Sur. \"Jokes aside, it is very traumatic to have your whole life swept away by water and moving soil. For the people left without a job ... they are being displaced, and I think many, many of them are living with relatives elsewhere. So, Big Sur has been depopulated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of those who work in the resorts and restaurants along this stretch of road have been laid off. Because they often live on-site at their workplaces, they have also lost their housing. For the handful who remain, they have to travel 50 miles over the mountains to the Salinas Valley town of King City to file for unemployment and make follow-up appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these workers don't have cars, meaning those who do file for assistance have to walk and hitchhike to get to their appointments. The manager of a small cafe in Gorda tells me some of her employees went to King City for temporary assistance and never came back. They might have tried to call, she said, but there's been no phone service to Gorda since the Mud Creek slide on May 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another man told us he is sleeping in a spare room at the restaurant where he works. He lives only 3 miles from work, but because his home is on the south side of the Mud Creek slide he now travels more than 100 miles to get to work on the north side -- without a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans officials said the road will be out at least a year. But highway workers we ran into are skeptical. They say it will be at least two years and might even require building a bridge to bypass the slide area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FKQEDnews%2Fvideos%2F1477453202329072%2F&show_text=0&width=560\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]C[/dropcap]learly, someone at Caltrans has a wicked sense of humor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the north side of the Mud Creek slide, a yellow \"Rough Road\" traffic sign is the only indication that a road once existed there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up close, the enormity of what's happened here goes far beyond anything caught in pictures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scene is surreal: An entire mountainside has moved, giving birth to a new landscape with new contours, adding a new bulge to the California coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time Gabrielle and I got to the slide, it was dusk, and we spent a half-hour trying to get a picture that captured both the detail and magnitude of the scene. We failed, and instead watched the sun fall on this new coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the horizon, we saw the white mist of whale spouts shoot into the air. The sun disappeared, and a sliver of moon hung high in the light-purple sky. We felt cold gusts blow from the north, and we could smell the slide's raw, newly exposed earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here we were, standing in the middle of one of the world's most celebrated highways, a roadway empty of people yet still full of life. We thought about taking a selfie, but the light was fading and it seemed small to focus on ourselves. Somehow, traveling down this isolated sliver of coastline, the Earth seemed much bigger than when we started.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The beauty -- and unhappy realities -- of a celebrated stretch of Big Sur coastline largely cut off from the rest of the world.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">I\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>t is true -- we could have gotten close to our destination by car -- but the idea of rushing a story about life in the new Big Sur seemed the journalistic equivalent of slamming a fine wine like it's a Jell-O shooter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's also true that locals and officials warned us not to walk Highway 1, as there are stretches that could crumble, making it almost impossible to get emergency personnel to any injury scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I heard stories: There were mountain lions walking in the middle of empty roads, and longtime recluses sunbathing naked on the highway, and kids hiking miles just to get to school, and I had to see for myself if any of that was true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we grabbed some snacks, water, recording gear and a camping knife, threw on a pair of comfortable shoes and started on a 36-mile, 36-hour journey into California's newest coastal island.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"we\" is my friend Gabrielle Gaudet and me. We traveled by foot and by thumb from the site of the ruined Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge in the north to the gigantic Mud Creek landslide just south of the hamlet of Gorda. As we walked and hitchhiked, we met a dozen people who are living on this landlocked island. We also walked long stretches where the only sounds came from the sea crashing against the rocks far below and our shoes hitting the sun-bleached pavement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature has severed the road connecting much of Big Sur to the rest of the world. From the Mud Creek slide to Pfeiffer Canyon the only route out is the winding, steep, slow-moving Nacimiento-Fergusson Road. And continuing trouble at a spot called \u003ca href=\"https://bigsurkate.wordpress.com/2017/01/15/how-pauls-slide-got-its-name/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Paul's Slide\u003c/a> has frequently blocked the coast highway -- including last weekend. When that happens, the only way in or out of a 23-mile stretch, home to many Big Sur residents and businesses, is by boat or helicopter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we found is that this historic road closure has created a dangerous, beautifully deserted slice of California, filled with spectacular vistas of the mountains walling the Pacific, the landscape eerily vacant of people, as though it has been cleared to film a post-apocalyptic movie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11489822\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11489822\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-800x529.jpg\" alt=\"The former site of the Pfeiffer Canyon bridge in Big Sur.\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-1180x780.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-960x635.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ExBridgeSite-520x344.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The former site of the Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge in Big Sur. \u003ccite>(John Sepulvado/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">A\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>ll that is left of the Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge is one sawed-off, homely stump. It’s reminiscent of the ending of Shel Silverstein’s \"\u003ca href=\"http://schools.nyc.gov/NR/rdonlyres/35C1809B-B30D-450E-AE7C-1F399C7CA5AF/155278/TheGivingTreePoem.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Giving Tree\u003c/a>\" -- if the tree had been a massive concrete structure built in 1967. The stump stands as a reminder that modern engineering is often no match for the shifting landscape of Big Sur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/29/divided-big-sur-gets-some-help-as-new-trail-links-north-and-south/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">mile-long dirt trail\u003c/a>, in some places no wider than 2 feet, connects the heart of Big Sur south of the bridge with the outside world to the north. Children use the trail each day to get to the bus that drives another 20-plus miles to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hike is full of moderate inclines and descents, steep steps and wild critters. As we crossed with a state park ranger, we saw a small box snake. The ranger said they routinely see rattlesnakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a quicker, more direct way across the gorge, but it has been fenced off and is supposed to be used only by construction workers trying to meet their September deadline to build a new bridge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temporary fencing is plastered with signs reading “KEEP OUT,” but on Memorial Day weekend, we see people quickly cross the small wooden stairway and bridge spanning the side of the canyon. The lawbreakers shave a half-hour off their trip.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11489818\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11489818\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-800x717.jpg\" alt=\"Signs warn against entry near the site of the now-demolished Pfeiffer Canyon bridge.\" width=\"800\" height=\"717\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-800x717.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-160x143.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-1020x914.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-1180x1057.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-960x860.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-240x215.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-375x336.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/BridgeClosed-520x466.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Signs warn against entry near the site of the now-demolished Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge. \u003ccite>(John Sepulvado/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the south side of the canyon, there is a row of cars and trucks. Some of the locals have cars on both sides of the canyon, so they can drive to the pit where the bridge once stood, get out, sprint across the wooden span or hike the gorge, then get in another car and go to town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This vehicle arrangement is a novel solution that can bring on what’s called “Big Sur problems.” For instance, when someone loses or forgets a set of keys, which turns out to be a surprisingly common occurrence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That forgetfulness proved fortuitous for Gabrielle and me. Two beekeepers from the \u003ca href=\"https://contemplation.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">New Camaldoli Hermitage\u003c/a> who had forgotten the keys (for the second time that week, no less) to their car on the north side of the canyon wound up offering us a ride south as they returned to fetch them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t believe I did it again!,” one of the pair exclaimed, slapping palm against forehead. (I'm withholding the name of the \"bonehead\" -- their word -- to save them further embarrassment.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t believe you did either,” the other deadpanned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In our 35-minute drive south to the hermitage -- a Roman Catholic monastery -- we talked to our new friends Rich and Vicky about everything from Big Sur gossip to climate change to future hopes and dreams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t get to talk to many new people at all,” Vicky explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'There are families and workers who have been here for years, you know, like fixtures of the community, and they’ll have to leave if something doesn’t change soon.'\u003ccite>Rich, a Big Sur beekeeper\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, it’s really great to see people on this side,” Rich said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Slow down just a bit,” Vicky said, looking carsick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These roads wind on you,” Rich said, a little defensively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Especially if you’re driving them fast,” Vicky replied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So you’re not worried about getting pulled over or getting a ticket?” I asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t seen anyone pulled over since the bridge came down,” Rich said. That was in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think there’s a sheriff car parked on this side,” Vicky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, but I think that’s more for show so people don’t drive drunk from the tavern,” Rich explained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are only a few businesses open along the highway. One of them is the Big Sur Taphouse, just south of Pfeiffer Canyon, which has become the de facto community center for the people who remain in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11382018\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11382018\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-800x505.jpg\" alt=\"A helicopter sits on Highway 1. Since February, it's been one of the few ways in and out of the area south of the Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge.\" width=\"800\" height=\"505\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-800x505.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-160x101.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-1020x644.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-1180x745.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-960x607.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-240x152.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-375x237.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/BigSurChopper-520x329.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A helicopter sits on Highway 1. Since February, it's been one of the few ways in and out of the area south of the Pfeiffer Canyon Bridge. \u003ccite>(Krista Almanzan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s there that the rumors about Big Sur’s famous recluses, renegades and burnouts swirl, along with gossip about local businesses, sexy Caltrans workers, bridge completion dates and idle speculation about what the future might hold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we neared the end of our ride, Rich asked if we could get the message out that workers and businesses, cut off from the usual flow of visitors and tourist dollars, are suffering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just money,\" he said. \"There are families and workers who have been here for years, you know, like fixtures of the community, and they'll have to leave if something doesn't change soon. There are already several businesses who have basically shut down after Paul's Slide. And everyone's wondering when they'll ever open.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"\u003cem>If\u003c/em> they'll ever open,\" Vicky corrected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We said goodbye, got out of their Subaru and started walking south. Soon, we came across a \"Road Closed\" gate and walked around it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">P\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>aul's Slide began moving back in mid-December and is still going some five months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we approached the slide, we saw gray PVC pipes jutting out of the mountainside, installed to drain groundwater. Clear liquid trickled out of the pipes and pebbles fell continuously from the top of the mountain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closer to the slide's center, water streamed from the pipes, while fist-sized rocks bounced off the ground. As the highway narrowed and boulders appeared on the pavement, the water practically gushed onto the roadway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11489827\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11489827\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-800x546.jpg\" alt=\"Water drains off Paul's Slide onto what exposed surface remains of Highway 1.\" width=\"800\" height=\"546\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-800x546.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-1020x696.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-1180x806.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-960x656.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-240x164.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-375x256.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/PaulsSlidePipes-520x355.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water drains off Paul's Slide onto what exposed surface remains of Highway 1. \u003ccite>(John Sepulvado/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gabrielle cupped her hands and drank some of the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"How's it taste?\" I yell over to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like water,\" she yelled back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like good water?\" I asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Well, I'm not going to taste it long enough to get sick,\" she said. \"I don't know what's in it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Gabrielle wondered what was in the fresh water coming from the mountain, you could see the mountain in the seawater below. Normally, this stretch of the California coast is colored in deep greens or blues, but the earth from Paul's Slide had turned a large swath of the water immediately below us turquoise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It looks more like the tropics than California,\" Gabrielle said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'One feels exposed -- not only to the elements, but to the sight of God.'\u003ccite>Henry Miller, on living in Big Sur\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As we walked closer to Limekiln State Park, we saw 13 big vehicles, including bulldozers and dump trucks, parked along the side. In the distance, we saw bicyclists and could hear the faraway laughter of kids echo off the coastal rocks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, about 30 families were camped at Limekiln State Beach. There were still open campsites during what's usually one of the year's busiest weekends. Apparently, getting to this majestically beautiful spot wasn't worth the extra hours of travel over the challenging Nacimiento-Fergusson Road for many of those who made reservations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Limekiln, we began a 7-mile hike on the road to Mud Creek. The occasional Audi and BMW, having made it over the mountains, sped past with an abandon usually reserved for splashy car commercials. Gabrielle and I fell into the silence of walking contemplation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along this stretch, I was taken with the wildflowers along the highway. There are golden California poppies, lupine, monkey flowers, wild mustard and radish. As we head south, the ocean sends a fierce wind rolling over the flowers, stretching their stems to the mountains, their buds pointed toward the earth like little ears hoping to find rumors in the dirt. As the day became evening, the flowers again stretched –- this time toward the west, as the wind from the Santa Lucia Mountains pours over the land, pushing them and their petals toward the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>he novelist Henry Miller spent nearly 20 years in Big Sur and once wrote, \"One feels exposed -- not only to the elements, but to the sight of God.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If there is truth to that statement, then God knows the elements are testing those who live there in a biblical manner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First there was a drought that was good for succulents but turned many creeks in the area into a trickle. The drought was followed by last summer's epic \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/20/california-fire-becomes-costliest-in-u-s-history/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Soberanes Fire\u003c/a>, which sent smoke and soot into the sky for months and killed a bulldozer operator. After the fire came this winter's deluge, with more than 100 inches falling on some areas, swelling creeks and rivers and reawakening slides that have sent earth and rocks tumbling onto the roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What could be next?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11490865\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11490865\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-800x509.jpg\" alt=\"Heavy equipment sits near the landslide on Highway 1 near the Bg Sur hamlet of Gorda.\" width=\"800\" height=\"509\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-800x509.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-160x102.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-1020x649.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-1180x750.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-960x611.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-240x153.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-375x238.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/ConstructionEquip-520x331.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Heavy equipment sits near the landslide on Highway 1 near the Bg Sur hamlet of Gorda. \u003ccite>(John Sepulvado/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The joke around here is that the locusts are on their way,\" said Magnus Toren, the executive director of the Henry Miller Library in Big Sur. \"Jokes aside, it is very traumatic to have your whole life swept away by water and moving soil. For the people left without a job ... they are being displaced, and I think many, many of them are living with relatives elsewhere. So, Big Sur has been depopulated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of those who work in the resorts and restaurants along this stretch of road have been laid off. Because they often live on-site at their workplaces, they have also lost their housing. For the handful who remain, they have to travel 50 miles over the mountains to the Salinas Valley town of King City to file for unemployment and make follow-up appointments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these workers don't have cars, meaning those who do file for assistance have to walk and hitchhike to get to their appointments. The manager of a small cafe in Gorda tells me some of her employees went to King City for temporary assistance and never came back. They might have tried to call, she said, but there's been no phone service to Gorda since the Mud Creek slide on May 20.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another man told us he is sleeping in a spare room at the restaurant where he works. He lives only 3 miles from work, but because his home is on the south side of the Mud Creek slide he now travels more than 100 miles to get to work on the north side -- without a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caltrans officials said the road will be out at least a year. But highway workers we ran into are skeptical. They say it will be at least two years and might even require building a bridge to bypass the slide area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.facebook.com/plugins/video.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FKQEDnews%2Fvideos%2F1477453202329072%2F&show_text=0&width=560\" width=\"800\" height=\"500\" style=\"border:none;overflow:hidden\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" allowtransparency=\"true\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">C\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>learly, someone at Caltrans has a wicked sense of humor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the north side of the Mud Creek slide, a yellow \"Rough Road\" traffic sign is the only indication that a road once existed there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up close, the enormity of what's happened here goes far beyond anything caught in pictures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scene is surreal: An entire mountainside has moved, giving birth to a new landscape with new contours, adding a new bulge to the California coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the time Gabrielle and I got to the slide, it was dusk, and we spent a half-hour trying to get a picture that captured both the detail and magnitude of the scene. We failed, and instead watched the sun fall on this new coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the horizon, we saw the white mist of whale spouts shoot into the air. The sun disappeared, and a sliver of moon hung high in the light-purple sky. We felt cold gusts blow from the north, and we could smell the slide's raw, newly exposed earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here we were, standing in the middle of one of the world's most celebrated highways, a roadway empty of people yet still full of life. We thought about taking a selfie, but the light was fading and it seemed small to focus on ourselves. Somehow, traveling down this isolated sliver of coastline, the Earth seemed much bigger than when we started.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Elon Musk Quits Trump's Presidential Councils Over Paris Accord Exit",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump has lost the support of a top billionaire business leader over his \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/06/01/trump-poised-to-announce-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decision to withdraw\u003c/a> from the Paris climate deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elon Musk wrote Thursday on Twitter that he is “departing presidential councils,” something he had vowed to do if Trump took this step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change is real. Leaving Paris is not good for America or the world,” Musk said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”NrXOwD5ACLSulpgNgWH1J9meD2ITUMUd”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is the founder of SpaceX and Tesla, among other companies. He has been a member of Trump’s infrastructure council, manufacturing jobs council, and strategic and policy forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk’s decision came after Trump announced earlier Thursday that he was pulling the U.S. out of the historic international agreement that set global goals for cutting greenhouse gas emissions. He cited job losses and a lack of fairness in the Paris deal as key reasons to exit and try to re-enter the accord on different terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>General Electric CEO Jeff Immelt, another member of Trump’s business councils, wrote on Twitter that he also was “disappointed” with Trump’s decision on Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Industry must now lead and not depend on government,” Immelt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Miranda Leitsinger contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump has lost the support of a top billionaire business leader over his \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/06/01/trump-poised-to-announce-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decision to withdraw\u003c/a> from the Paris climate deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elon Musk wrote Thursday on Twitter that he is “departing presidential councils,” something he had vowed to do if Trump took this step.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change is real. Leaving Paris is not good for America or the world,” Musk said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is the founder of SpaceX and Tesla, among other companies. He has been a member of Trump’s infrastructure council, manufacturing jobs council, and strategic and policy forum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk’s decision came after Trump announced earlier Thursday that he was pulling the U.S. out of the historic international agreement that set global goals for cutting greenhouse gas emissions. He cited job losses and a lack of fairness in the Paris deal as key reasons to exit and try to re-enter the accord on different terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>General Electric CEO Jeff Immelt, another member of Trump’s business councils, wrote on Twitter that he also was “disappointed” with Trump’s decision on Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Industry must now lead and not depend on government,” Immelt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Miranda Leitsinger contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "What Will Happen to California After Trump’s Exit From Paris Accord?",
"headTitle": "What Will Happen to California After Trump’s Exit From Paris Accord? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>As President Trump announced the U.S. would leave the Paris climate accord, California’s political leaders quickly declared that the state would step up on the international stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s wrong on the science,” said California Governor Jerry Brown in a statement. “Totally wrong. California will resist this misguided and insane course of action. Trump is AWOL but California is on the field, ready for battle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Brown \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/01/gov-brown-denounces-trumps-insane-move-on-paris-accord/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vowed to continue building his own international climate movement\u003c/a>. Around 170 jurisdictions, including states, provinces and cities around the world have signed onto Brown’s \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Under2 MOU\u003c/a>, which means they’ve agreed to cut emissions by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Brown is heading to China next week to hold climate meetings with many of the signatories. He also announced an alliance today with the governors of Washington and New York, looking to convene states that are committed to upholding the Paris accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What will that agreement accomplish? And what does the U.S. exit from the Paris agreement mean for California’s climate policies? We asked \u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/directory/michael-wara/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Michael Wara\u003c/a>, Associate Professor of Law at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does Governor Brown’s climate agreement have any teeth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a voluntary pledge. There’s no climate police that are going to come and knock on the State of California’s door if the state fails to meet its commitment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I think it’s important to recognize that the same thing is true for nation states that are parties to the Paris agreement. The Paris agreement commitments are voluntary and the only thing that’s mandatory about Paris is the reporting obligations of state. They have to say what they actually end up doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”5K7qTsq85ubuAw2BQvPBPIprdYe1xaRq”]So I think the Under2 MOU in a way establishes a very similar system but for states and other provinces that are interested in going further than their national governments will go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also creates kind of a system for sharing ideas and sharing what works. And in many ways you know that’s as important a contribution as the actual commitment. Because California has a long history dating from the 1950s inventing new ways to reduce air pollution. And one of the biggest benefits we can provide as a state is to share that expertise with the rest of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think California’s efforts will calm nerves on the international stage after President’s Trump speech?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, I don’t think California can help fix the problem that President Trump is going to create by withdrawing from the Paris agreement. The U.S. is in the process of doing serious\u003cbr>\ndamage to its credibility as a partner and as an ally. I don’t think that the other nation states are going to act differently in the Paris Agreement context because of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s core climate policies, like renewable energy goals and clean car regulations, are state-level policies, so they won’t be affected by President Trump’s move. But what else might be at risk?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the place where this might matter – and I think it remains to be seen – is in terms of California’s international efforts on climate that look more treaty-like. Like efforts to connect our cap-and-trade program with other cap-and-trade programs that are in Canada and to accept internationally based carbon offsets into our cap-and-trade market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of policies that look a little bit like foreign affairs get more risky from a legal perspective when they’re out of line with what the State Department wants. There have been issues in the past with California taking a different position than the State Department and being forced by the Supreme Court to step back from that position because it was interfering with the U.S. policy.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As President Trump announced the U.S. would leave the Paris climate accord, California’s political leaders quickly declared that the state would step up on the international stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s wrong on the science,” said California Governor Jerry Brown in a statement. “Totally wrong. California will resist this misguided and insane course of action. Trump is AWOL but California is on the field, ready for battle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Brown \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/01/gov-brown-denounces-trumps-insane-move-on-paris-accord/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vowed to continue building his own international climate movement\u003c/a>. Around 170 jurisdictions, including states, provinces and cities around the world have signed onto Brown’s \u003ca href=\"http://under2mou.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Under2 MOU\u003c/a>, which means they’ve agreed to cut emissions by 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Brown is heading to China next week to hold climate meetings with many of the signatories. He also announced an alliance today with the governors of Washington and New York, looking to convene states that are committed to upholding the Paris accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What will that agreement accomplish? And what does the U.S. exit from the Paris agreement mean for California’s climate policies? We asked \u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/directory/michael-wara/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Michael Wara\u003c/a>, Associate Professor of Law at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Does Governor Brown’s climate agreement have any teeth?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a voluntary pledge. There’s no climate police that are going to come and knock on the State of California’s door if the state fails to meet its commitment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I think it’s important to recognize that the same thing is true for nation states that are parties to the Paris agreement. The Paris agreement commitments are voluntary and the only thing that’s mandatory about Paris is the reporting obligations of state. They have to say what they actually end up doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>So I think the Under2 MOU in a way establishes a very similar system but for states and other provinces that are interested in going further than their national governments will go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also creates kind of a system for sharing ideas and sharing what works. And in many ways you know that’s as important a contribution as the actual commitment. Because California has a long history dating from the 1950s inventing new ways to reduce air pollution. And one of the biggest benefits we can provide as a state is to share that expertise with the rest of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Do you think California’s efforts will calm nerves on the international stage after President’s Trump speech?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, I don’t think California can help fix the problem that President Trump is going to create by withdrawing from the Paris agreement. The U.S. is in the process of doing serious\u003cbr>\ndamage to its credibility as a partner and as an ally. I don’t think that the other nation states are going to act differently in the Paris Agreement context because of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s core climate policies, like renewable energy goals and clean car regulations, are state-level policies, so they won’t be affected by President Trump’s move. But what else might be at risk?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the place where this might matter – and I think it remains to be seen – is in terms of California’s international efforts on climate that look more treaty-like. Like efforts to connect our cap-and-trade program with other cap-and-trade programs that are in Canada and to accept internationally based carbon offsets into our cap-and-trade market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These kinds of policies that look a little bit like foreign affairs get more risky from a legal perspective when they’re out of line with what the State Department wants. There have been issues in the past with California taking a different position than the State Department and being forced by the Supreme Court to step back from that position because it was interfering with the U.S. policy.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/01/gov-brown-denounces-trumps-insane-move-on-paris-accord/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said in a statement\u003c/a>, “California will resist this misguided and insane course of action,” after \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/06/01/trump-poised-to-announce-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement/\">President Trump pulled out of the Paris climate accord\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though there are plenty of Trump supporters in California, it looks like the state will continue to resist White House policies ranging from climate to immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/01/gov-brown-denounces-trumps-insane-move-on-paris-accord/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said in a statement\u003c/a>, “California will resist this misguided and insane course of action,” after \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/06/01/trump-poised-to-announce-decision-on-paris-climate-agreement/\">President Trump pulled out of the Paris climate accord\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though there are plenty of Trump supporters in California, it looks like the state will continue to resist White House policies ranging from climate to immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown called President Trump's decision to withdraw the U.S. from the Paris climate accord an \"insane move\" and said \"California will resist because his effort is misguided.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump announced on Thursday that he was pulling the U.S. out of the historic international agreement that set global goals for cutting greenhouse gas emissions. He cited job losses and a lack of fairness in the Paris deal as key reasons to exit and try to re-enter the accord on different terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This agreement is less about the climate and more about other countries gaining a financial advantage over the United States,” Trump said in a speech from the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reaction was swift from California's leadership, which has \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/31/california-lawmakers-move-towards-new-renewable-energy-goals/\">a tendency\u003c/a> to act in direct contrast -- and even\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/12/12/if-trump-wont-can-california-sign-the-international-climate-treaty/\"> independence from \u003c/a>-- the Trump administration on federal matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s wrong on the facts. California’s economy and America’s economy are boosted by following the Paris agreement,” Brown said in a call to reporters with U.S. and global experts on climate change. “Trump is wrong when he says this is bad for jobs. It’s good for jobs -- the jobs of the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing Trump's arguments directly, Brown said in an interview with PBS Newshour's Judy Woodruff that job growth and climate action are not mutually exclusive. He told Woodruff that California has created 2.4 million jobs since the recession, thanks in part to efforts to protect the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's consistent and in fact I'd say driven by the clean tech investments and the climate action strategies that we've embarked upon,\" he said.[contextly_sidebar id=\"M0AIY4FPznYPTduYxZRzGXs8Vy56jg87\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown and two other governors -- Andrew Cuomo of New York and Jay Inslee of Washington -- announced that they were forming the United States Climate Alliance, a coalition that will convene U.S. states committed to upholding the Paris Climate Agreement and taking aggressive action on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The world is not waiting for Donald Trump,\" Brown told Woodruff. \"He has given a body blow to the cause of environmental sustainability. But we'll take it, we'll respond, we're on the field of battle and we're gonna overcome. That I can promise you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three states, which represent over one-fifth of U.S. gross domestic product, are committed to achieving the U.S. goal of reducing emissions 26-28 percent from 2005 levels and meeting or exceeding the targets of the federal Clean Power Plan, they said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California will resist because his effort is misguided. I would even say this is an insane move,\" Brown said on the call with reporters. \"The world depends on a sustainable future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said he was headed to China on Friday to continue work on the climate change fight, meeting with 175 partners from around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This group is completely committed to meeting the Paris agreement. We are committed and even going further,\" he said. \"Trump is AWOL but \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/06/01/what-will-happen-to-california-after-trumps-exit-from-paris-accord/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California is on the field, ready for battle\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are more reactions from California lawmakers:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Attorney General Xavier Becerra\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"message_body\">\"For California, there’s no retreat in the fight against pollution. Today, we’re more committed than ever to protecting our people, our planet, and our economy from all threats … including all the hot air that’s blowing in from Washington, D.C. \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"message_body\">Our state intends to move forward on protecting our air and our climate regardless of what the federal government does or does not do. We will defend all of our laws, including California’s vehicle emissions standards, anywhere they are challenged. \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"message_body\">We won’t allow President Trump to ignore the law, or the public outcry, or the very real threat of climate change. I won’t hesitate to protect those we serve. And if that means lawsuits, I am ready. If that means battling out in the court of public opinion, I’m ready for that, too.\u003c/span>\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sen. Dianne Feinstein\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“If the White House won’t lead, California will step up. We will continue our fight against climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sen. Kamala Harris\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Pulling out of the Paris Agreement is an irrational decision that is a disastrous step backward, threatens the future viability of our planet for future generations, and abdicates our role of leadership.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rep. Jared Huffman (D-San Rafael, District 2)\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\"TY @JerryBrownGov for your climate leadership! If the Trump’s admin won’t lead, our states must #defendclimate\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>House Rep. Tom McClintock (R-Elk Grove, District 4)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\"THANK YOU @POTUS for protecting America's working families from the folly of #ParisAgreement. American prosperity comes first!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rep. Nancy Pelosi, House Minority Leader (D-San Francisco, District 12)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“By walking away from this pact, President Trump is abandoning America’s leadership position in the fight against the climate crisis and is sending a strong message to the rest of the world to create, design and manufacture clean energy solutions and create jobs elsewhere. If President Trump wants nations like China and India to take stronger and swifter action on climate, then he should do so through the accountability and enforcement provisions in the Paris Agreement, not by breaking our word and storming out of the room.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>House Rep. Kevin McCarthy (R-Bakersfield, District 23), Majority Leader\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\".@POTUS made the right call in leaving a deal that would have put an unnecessary burden on the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rep. Scott Peters (D-La Jolla, District 52)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Exiting the Paris Agreement is bad for the planet and for American standing, leverage, and jobs. It is morally wrong and monumentally stupid.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown called President Trump's decision to withdraw the U.S. from the Paris climate accord an \"insane move\" and said \"California will resist because his effort is misguided.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump announced on Thursday that he was pulling the U.S. out of the historic international agreement that set global goals for cutting greenhouse gas emissions. He cited job losses and a lack of fairness in the Paris deal as key reasons to exit and try to re-enter the accord on different terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This agreement is less about the climate and more about other countries gaining a financial advantage over the United States,” Trump said in a speech from the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reaction was swift from California's leadership, which has \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/31/california-lawmakers-move-towards-new-renewable-energy-goals/\">a tendency\u003c/a> to act in direct contrast -- and even\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2016/12/12/if-trump-wont-can-california-sign-the-international-climate-treaty/\"> independence from \u003c/a>-- the Trump administration on federal matters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He’s wrong on the facts. California’s economy and America’s economy are boosted by following the Paris agreement,” Brown said in a call to reporters with U.S. and global experts on climate change. “Trump is wrong when he says this is bad for jobs. It’s good for jobs -- the jobs of the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing Trump's arguments directly, Brown said in an interview with PBS Newshour's Judy Woodruff that job growth and climate action are not mutually exclusive. He told Woodruff that California has created 2.4 million jobs since the recession, thanks in part to efforts to protect the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's consistent and in fact I'd say driven by the clean tech investments and the climate action strategies that we've embarked upon,\" he said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown and two other governors -- Andrew Cuomo of New York and Jay Inslee of Washington -- announced that they were forming the United States Climate Alliance, a coalition that will convene U.S. states committed to upholding the Paris Climate Agreement and taking aggressive action on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The world is not waiting for Donald Trump,\" Brown told Woodruff. \"He has given a body blow to the cause of environmental sustainability. But we'll take it, we'll respond, we're on the field of battle and we're gonna overcome. That I can promise you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The three states, which represent over one-fifth of U.S. gross domestic product, are committed to achieving the U.S. goal of reducing emissions 26-28 percent from 2005 levels and meeting or exceeding the targets of the federal Clean Power Plan, they said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California will resist because his effort is misguided. I would even say this is an insane move,\" Brown said on the call with reporters. \"The world depends on a sustainable future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said he was headed to China on Friday to continue work on the climate change fight, meeting with 175 partners from around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This group is completely committed to meeting the Paris agreement. We are committed and even going further,\" he said. \"Trump is AWOL but \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/06/01/what-will-happen-to-california-after-trumps-exit-from-paris-accord/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California is on the field, ready for battle\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are more reactions from California lawmakers:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Attorney General Xavier Becerra\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003cspan class=\"message_body\">\"For California, there’s no retreat in the fight against pollution. Today, we’re more committed than ever to protecting our people, our planet, and our economy from all threats … including all the hot air that’s blowing in from Washington, D.C. \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"message_body\">Our state intends to move forward on protecting our air and our climate regardless of what the federal government does or does not do. We will defend all of our laws, including California’s vehicle emissions standards, anywhere they are challenged. \u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"message_body\">We won’t allow President Trump to ignore the law, or the public outcry, or the very real threat of climate change. I won’t hesitate to protect those we serve. And if that means lawsuits, I am ready. If that means battling out in the court of public opinion, I’m ready for that, too.\u003c/span>\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sen. Dianne Feinstein\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“If the White House won’t lead, California will step up. We will continue our fight against climate change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sen. Kamala Harris\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Pulling out of the Paris Agreement is an irrational decision that is a disastrous step backward, threatens the future viability of our planet for future generations, and abdicates our role of leadership.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rep. Jared Huffman (D-San Rafael, District 2)\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\"TY @JerryBrownGov for your climate leadership! If the Trump’s admin won’t lead, our states must #defendclimate\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>House Rep. Tom McClintock (R-Elk Grove, District 4)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\"THANK YOU @POTUS for protecting America's working families from the folly of #ParisAgreement. American prosperity comes first!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rep. Nancy Pelosi, House Minority Leader (D-San Francisco, District 12)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“By walking away from this pact, President Trump is abandoning America’s leadership position in the fight against the climate crisis and is sending a strong message to the rest of the world to create, design and manufacture clean energy solutions and create jobs elsewhere. If President Trump wants nations like China and India to take stronger and swifter action on climate, then he should do so through the accountability and enforcement provisions in the Paris Agreement, not by breaking our word and storming out of the room.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>House Rep. Kevin McCarthy (R-Bakersfield, District 23), Majority Leader\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\".@POTUS made the right call in leaving a deal that would have put an unnecessary burden on the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rep. Scott Peters (D-La Jolla, District 52)\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n“Exiting the Paris Agreement is bad for the planet and for American standing, leverage, and jobs. It is morally wrong and monumentally stupid.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Trump Announces U.S. Withdrawal From Paris Climate Accord",
"headTitle": "Trump Announces U.S. Withdrawal From Paris Climate Accord | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Updated at 3:56 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has announced that the U.S. will be withdrawing from the Paris accord — the historic global agreement, reached in 2015, to set targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and limiting the rise in average global temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a news conference Thursday in the Rose Garden at the White House, Trump said the withdrawal is aimed at keeping his campaign promise to put American workers first — but he also added that the U.S. would begin negotiations to possibly re-enter the Paris accord or a similar deal that, he said, would result in a better deal for American workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The agreement is a massive redistribution of United States’ wealth to other countries,” Trump said. “It’s to give their country an economic edge over the United States. That’s not going to happen as long as I’m president, I’m sorry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He later added: “Our withdrawal from the agreement represents a reassertion of American workers’ sovereignty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his campaign, Trump vowed to “cancel” U.S. participation in the deal. World leaders and business figures had recently urged him to reconsider, but by Wednesday morning, reports began to surface that Trump had decided to leave the pact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barack Obama had used his authority as president to join the Paris accord without a vote in the Legislature. That means Trump can also remove the U.S. from the accord without a vote. But it will take a while: Under the terms of the agreement, he wouldn’t actually be able to withdraw until November 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaving the underlying treaty — the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) — would be faster, and could be completed within a year. But that treaty was U.S. Senate-ratified. Presidents have unilaterally exited Senate-ratified treaties before, but it’s rare and controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Urged to stay, urged to leave\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wide chorus of voices had called for Trump to recommit to the Paris agreement: \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/26/530228094/in-europe-world-leaders-try-to-change-trumps-mind-on-climate-change\">Other world leaders\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://responsiblescientists.org/\">hundreds of scientists,\u003c/a> of course, but also CEOs of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/18/528998592/energy-companies-urge-trump-to-remain-in-paris-climate-agreement\">major energy companies\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/17/502425711/hundreds-of-u-s-businesses-urge-trump-to-uphold-paris-climate-deal\">other big U.S. corporations\u003c/a>. Even many of Trump’s own advisers support the deal, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/18/us/politics/trump-advisers-paris-climate-accord.html\">The New York Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those supporting a departure won out.\u003ca href=\"https://www.epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2017/5/senators-send-letter-to-president-trump-calling-for-withdrawal\"> More than 20 Republican senators\u003c/a> called for Trump to leave the deal. Influential Trump advisers,\u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/04/30/trump-climate-paris-deal-237814\"> reportedly\u003c/a> Steve Bannon and EPA Director Scott Pruitt, also urged him to withdraw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, of course, there was the argument advanced by candidate Trump. On the campaign trail, he criticized the agreement that the U.S. formally signed onto last year. He has said the deal is “unfair” to the U.S., objecting in particular to the requirement that wealthy nations help developing countries build renewable energy sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also signaled, more broadly, that fighting climate change is not a priority for his administration. He’s denied the existence of climate change in the past, and appointed as the head of the EPA a man who \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/09/519425866/epa-chief-scott-pruitt-questions-basic-facts-about-climate-change\">doesn’t accept the overwhelming scientific consensus\u003c/a> that humans are causing global warming by releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. And he’s already \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/28/519003733/trump-takes-aim-at-a-centerpiece-of-obamas-environmental-legacy\">overturned several Obama-era efforts\u003c/a> to reduce emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A hard-fought diplomatic agreement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Paris accord was reached in 2015 after lengthy negotiations. The deal relies on voluntary cuts in emissions by all the member nations — nearly 200 of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement also, significantly, sets a global target: to keep the rise in the average temperature no higher than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. And it calls for some $100 billion a year in funding from developed countries toward developing countries, to support green energy sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It fell short of what some parties had hoped for. Island nations — which face an existential threat from rising sea waters — had pushed hard for a target of 1.5 degrees Celsius. (Why not even lower? Well, as of 2015, the global average temperature had \u003cem>already \u003c/em>risen by 1 degree Celsius, and even with robust efforts to cut emissions, some further increase is essentially inevitable.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the agreement relies on voluntary cuts in emissions, which is \u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/skeptical-note-paris-climate-deal\">seen by some critics\u003c/a> as a major weakness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the fact that the world managed to agree on a target was celebrated as a diplomatic achievement, one multiple world leaders have emphasized as crucial to support. After the recent G-7 meetings, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi met with German Chancellor Angela Merkel and vocally supported her commitment to action on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modi said failing to act on climate change would be “a morally criminal act.” Merkel had \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelocal.de/20170523/merkel-vows-to-convince-climate-change-doubters\">previously vowed\u003c/a> to “convince the doubters” among world leaders that “protecting the climate matters to all of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doubters are in the minority. Only two countries — Syria and Nicaragua — have completely rejected the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several dozen countries have signed but not fully approved — including Iran, Turkey and, most significantly, Russia, which is a major \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/whats-holding-russia-back-from-ratifying-the-paris-climate-agreement-64842\">emitter\u003c/a> of greenhouse gases. But three-quarters of the countries on earth have fully committed to the accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A pact in name, or in deed?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to note that the Paris accord is only as strong as each nation’s actual reduction in emissions. That means leaving the agreement isn’t the only way to weaken it: Trump \u003cem>could\u003c/em> have kept the U.S. as a signatory, but continued to slash the programs that would actually make it possible to reach the target for emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The opposite is also true: U.S. greenhouse gas emissions could continue to go down, at least in the short term, even as Trump withdraws from the accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Christopher Joyce recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/27/530337304/market-forces-may-impact-emissions-more-than-climate-agreements\">reported\u003c/a>, emissions in the U.S. have declined by about 12 percent since 2005.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The U.S. has successfully bent its greenhouse gas emissions curve,” Kate Larsen, of the economics research team Rhodium Group, told Christopher. “And we are going to continue to reduce emissions over the next 10 years, likely regardless of Trump policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the Paris accord isn’t synonymous with U.S. emissions cuts, that doesn’t mean Trump’s decision on the accord is meaningless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Economist Marc Hafstead, who’s with Resources for the Future, told Christopher that exiting the deal “could potentially have political ramifications — to the extent that our pulling out of the agreement is going to cause other countries to do less.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would also threaten the $100 billion a year pledged to help developing countries achieve emissions cuts, as Bloomberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-05-30/climate-danger-zone-seen-if-trump-pulls-u-s-out-of-paris-deal\">has reported.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-china-climate-20170405-story.html\">many analysts\u003c/a> see a U.S. departure from the deal as \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/03/china-takes-leadership-climate-change-trump-clean-power-plan-paris-agreement/\">paving the way\u003c/a> for China to take the lead on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just a question of intangible moral leadership, or even of the potential profits from green energy that would be on the table. \u003cem>The Atlantic\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/11/the-problem-with-abandoning-the-paris-agreement/508085/\">reported last year\u003c/a> that a U.S. departure would likely result in less-transparent mechanisms for actually enforcing the Paris accord — because Chinese “faulty and unreliable energy statistics” could play a prominent role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By staying in the deal, the U.S. would have kept a spot at the negotiating table — and potential influence over how the agreement is enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The reaction in the U.S.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama decried Trump’s decision in a statement released Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The nations that remain in the Paris Agreement will be the nations that reap the benefits in jobs and industries created,” the former president said. He added:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe the United States of America should be at the front of the pack. But even in the absence of American leadership; even as this Administration joins a small handful of nations that reject the future; I’m confident that our states, cities, and businesses will step up and do even more to lead the way, and help protect for future generations the one planet we’ve got.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/scottdetrow/status/870364248345595904\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even before Trump announced his final decision, Democrats in the U.S. decried withdrawal as “a low point in modern American leadership,” as Rep. John Garamendi, D-Calif., \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/repgaramendi/posts/10154861375291747\">put it.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, D-N.Y., \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenGillibrand/status/869950890584797188\">wrote on\u003c/a> Twitter that it would be “catastrophic for the President to cede our leadership on this issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Republicans in Congress, including several representing districts particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, also rebuked reports of Trump’s decision. “Climate change is a serious issue,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/VernBuchanan/status/869576705190526976\">tweeted\u003c/a> Rep. Vern Buchanan of Florida — with a photo of development near a Florida beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/870369915894546432\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But GOP Sen. James Inhofe of Oklahoma strongly defended the decision to leave the accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The main thing is, it’s something that we couldn’t do; it’d be impossible to do,” he told \u003cem>Here & Now\u003c/em>. “It’s necessary, then, to make sure that we don’t have a bunch of people out there suing us because we’re not doing what the president said we’re supposed to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Updated at 3:56 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has announced that the U.S. will be withdrawing from the Paris accord — the historic global agreement, reached in 2015, to set targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and limiting the rise in average global temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During a news conference Thursday in the Rose Garden at the White House, Trump said the withdrawal is aimed at keeping his campaign promise to put American workers first — but he also added that the U.S. would begin negotiations to possibly re-enter the Paris accord or a similar deal that, he said, would result in a better deal for American workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The agreement is a massive redistribution of United States’ wealth to other countries,” Trump said. “It’s to give their country an economic edge over the United States. That’s not going to happen as long as I’m president, I’m sorry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He later added: “Our withdrawal from the agreement represents a reassertion of American workers’ sovereignty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his campaign, Trump vowed to “cancel” U.S. participation in the deal. World leaders and business figures had recently urged him to reconsider, but by Wednesday morning, reports began to surface that Trump had decided to leave the pact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barack Obama had used his authority as president to join the Paris accord without a vote in the Legislature. That means Trump can also remove the U.S. from the accord without a vote. But it will take a while: Under the terms of the agreement, he wouldn’t actually be able to withdraw until November 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leaving the underlying treaty — the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) — would be faster, and could be completed within a year. But that treaty was U.S. Senate-ratified. Presidents have unilaterally exited Senate-ratified treaties before, but it’s rare and controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Urged to stay, urged to leave\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A wide chorus of voices had called for Trump to recommit to the Paris agreement: \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/05/26/530228094/in-europe-world-leaders-try-to-change-trumps-mind-on-climate-change\">Other world leaders\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://responsiblescientists.org/\">hundreds of scientists,\u003c/a> of course, but also CEOs of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/18/528998592/energy-companies-urge-trump-to-remain-in-paris-climate-agreement\">major energy companies\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/17/502425711/hundreds-of-u-s-businesses-urge-trump-to-uphold-paris-climate-deal\">other big U.S. corporations\u003c/a>. Even many of Trump’s own advisers support the deal, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/18/us/politics/trump-advisers-paris-climate-accord.html\">The New York Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those supporting a departure won out.\u003ca href=\"https://www.epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2017/5/senators-send-letter-to-president-trump-calling-for-withdrawal\"> More than 20 Republican senators\u003c/a> called for Trump to leave the deal. Influential Trump advisers,\u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/04/30/trump-climate-paris-deal-237814\"> reportedly\u003c/a> Steve Bannon and EPA Director Scott Pruitt, also urged him to withdraw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, of course, there was the argument advanced by candidate Trump. On the campaign trail, he criticized the agreement that the U.S. formally signed onto last year. He has said the deal is “unfair” to the U.S., objecting in particular to the requirement that wealthy nations help developing countries build renewable energy sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has also signaled, more broadly, that fighting climate change is not a priority for his administration. He’s denied the existence of climate change in the past, and appointed as the head of the EPA a man who \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/09/519425866/epa-chief-scott-pruitt-questions-basic-facts-about-climate-change\">doesn’t accept the overwhelming scientific consensus\u003c/a> that humans are causing global warming by releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. And he’s already \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/28/519003733/trump-takes-aim-at-a-centerpiece-of-obamas-environmental-legacy\">overturned several Obama-era efforts\u003c/a> to reduce emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A hard-fought diplomatic agreement\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Paris accord was reached in 2015 after lengthy negotiations. The deal relies on voluntary cuts in emissions by all the member nations — nearly 200 of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agreement also, significantly, sets a global target: to keep the rise in the average temperature no higher than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. And it calls for some $100 billion a year in funding from developed countries toward developing countries, to support green energy sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It fell short of what some parties had hoped for. Island nations — which face an existential threat from rising sea waters — had pushed hard for a target of 1.5 degrees Celsius. (Why not even lower? Well, as of 2015, the global average temperature had \u003cem>already \u003c/em>risen by 1 degree Celsius, and even with robust efforts to cut emissions, some further increase is essentially inevitable.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the agreement relies on voluntary cuts in emissions, which is \u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/news/john-cassidy/skeptical-note-paris-climate-deal\">seen by some critics\u003c/a> as a major weakness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the fact that the world managed to agree on a target was celebrated as a diplomatic achievement, one multiple world leaders have emphasized as crucial to support. After the recent G-7 meetings, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi met with German Chancellor Angela Merkel and vocally supported her commitment to action on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Modi said failing to act on climate change would be “a morally criminal act.” Merkel had \u003ca href=\"https://www.thelocal.de/20170523/merkel-vows-to-convince-climate-change-doubters\">previously vowed\u003c/a> to “convince the doubters” among world leaders that “protecting the climate matters to all of us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The doubters are in the minority. Only two countries — Syria and Nicaragua — have completely rejected the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several dozen countries have signed but not fully approved — including Iran, Turkey and, most significantly, Russia, which is a major \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/whats-holding-russia-back-from-ratifying-the-paris-climate-agreement-64842\">emitter\u003c/a> of greenhouse gases. But three-quarters of the countries on earth have fully committed to the accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A pact in name, or in deed?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s important to note that the Paris accord is only as strong as each nation’s actual reduction in emissions. That means leaving the agreement isn’t the only way to weaken it: Trump \u003cem>could\u003c/em> have kept the U.S. as a signatory, but continued to slash the programs that would actually make it possible to reach the target for emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The opposite is also true: U.S. greenhouse gas emissions could continue to go down, at least in the short term, even as Trump withdraws from the accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Christopher Joyce recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/27/530337304/market-forces-may-impact-emissions-more-than-climate-agreements\">reported\u003c/a>, emissions in the U.S. have declined by about 12 percent since 2005.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The U.S. has successfully bent its greenhouse gas emissions curve,” Kate Larsen, of the economics research team Rhodium Group, told Christopher. “And we are going to continue to reduce emissions over the next 10 years, likely regardless of Trump policy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But while the Paris accord isn’t synonymous with U.S. emissions cuts, that doesn’t mean Trump’s decision on the accord is meaningless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Economist Marc Hafstead, who’s with Resources for the Future, told Christopher that exiting the deal “could potentially have political ramifications — to the extent that our pulling out of the agreement is going to cause other countries to do less.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would also threaten the $100 billion a year pledged to help developing countries achieve emissions cuts, as Bloomberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-05-30/climate-danger-zone-seen-if-trump-pulls-u-s-out-of-paris-deal\">has reported.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/world/asia/la-fg-china-climate-20170405-story.html\">many analysts\u003c/a> see a U.S. departure from the deal as \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/03/china-takes-leadership-climate-change-trump-clean-power-plan-paris-agreement/\">paving the way\u003c/a> for China to take the lead on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just a question of intangible moral leadership, or even of the potential profits from green energy that would be on the table. \u003cem>The Atlantic\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2016/11/the-problem-with-abandoning-the-paris-agreement/508085/\">reported last year\u003c/a> that a U.S. departure would likely result in less-transparent mechanisms for actually enforcing the Paris accord — because Chinese “faulty and unreliable energy statistics” could play a prominent role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By staying in the deal, the U.S. would have kept a spot at the negotiating table — and potential influence over how the agreement is enforced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The reaction in the U.S.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama decried Trump’s decision in a statement released Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The nations that remain in the Paris Agreement will be the nations that reap the benefits in jobs and industries created,” the former president said. He added:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe the United States of America should be at the front of the pack. But even in the absence of American leadership; even as this Administration joins a small handful of nations that reject the future; I’m confident that our states, cities, and businesses will step up and do even more to lead the way, and help protect for future generations the one planet we’ve got.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Even before Trump announced his final decision, Democrats in the U.S. decried withdrawal as “a low point in modern American leadership,” as Rep. John Garamendi, D-Calif., \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/repgaramendi/posts/10154861375291747\">put it.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, Sen. Kirsten Gillibrand, D-N.Y., \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/SenGillibrand/status/869950890584797188\">wrote on\u003c/a> Twitter that it would be “catastrophic for the President to cede our leadership on this issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Republicans in Congress, including several representing districts particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change, also rebuked reports of Trump’s decision. “Climate change is a serious issue,” \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/VernBuchanan/status/869576705190526976\">tweeted\u003c/a> Rep. Vern Buchanan of Florida — with a photo of development near a Florida beach.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>But GOP Sen. James Inhofe of Oklahoma strongly defended the decision to leave the accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The main thing is, it’s something that we couldn’t do; it’d be impossible to do,” he told \u003cem>Here & Now\u003c/em>. “It’s necessary, then, to make sure that we don’t have a bunch of people out there suing us because we’re not doing what the president said we’re supposed to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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