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"title": "Antarctica Has Lost More Than 3 Trillion Tons Of Ice In 25 Years",
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"content": "\u003cp>Scientists have completed the most exhaustive assessment of changes in Antarctica’s ice sheet to date. And they found that it’s melting faster than they thought.[contextly_sidebar id=”z99Sivlx9eVZ5dNVpnDqhORco4XkaD6X”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ice losses totaling 3 trillion tonnes (or more than 3.3 trillion tons) since 1992 have caused global sea levels to rise by 7.6 mm, nearly one third of an inch, according to a study \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0179-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published in Nature\u003c/a> on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before 2010, Antarctica was contributing a relatively small proportion of the melting that is causing global sea levels to rise, says study co-leader \u003ca href=\"http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/people/a.shepherd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andrew Shepherd of the University of Leeds\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that has changed. “Since around 2010, 2012, we can see that there’s been a sharp increase in the rate of ice loss from Antarctica. And the ice sheet is now losing three times as much ice,” Shepherd adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The annual sea level rise that’s attributed to Antarctica has tripled, from 0.2mm to 0.6mm, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a big jump, and it did catch us all by surprise,” Shepherd says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The melting is caused by rising ocean temperatures due to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shepherd says they’ve seen the most dramatic effects in West Antarctica, where the ice sheet rests on the sea bed. “When we look into the ocean we find that it’s too warm and the ice sheet can’t withstand the temperatures that are surrounding it in the sea,” he says. That’s causing glaciers to flow more quickly into the sea.[contextly_sidebar id=”9wO7jBGuAtFyFodqyKBdH39yIDxejDIg”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Antarctica, which is home to the South Pole, has seen considerably less melting because most of its ice is above sea level. That’s “an important distinction, because it means it’s insulated from changes in the ocean’s temperature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This assessment, conducted by 84 scientists from 44 international organizations, is known as the Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter-comparison Exercise (IMBIE).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been many other estimates of how much ice has melted in Antarctica. And many of those papers showed different results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the estimates covered different proportions of the ice sheets, some of them covered different time periods, and all of them used different methods and so it became difficult for people who are not specialists to try to pick them apart,” says Shepherd. “So that was the motivation for originally setting up the project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists combined 24 different satellite surveys, which Shepherd says provides a more complete picture of the overall ice sheet change than previous studies. “We believe that we’ve captured all of the different satellite records that exist on the planet,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To analyze the ice, the researchers use three different kinds of measurements. Satellite altimeters measure the height of the ice sheets, to see how much they are thinning or thickening over time. Another measurement records the speed of the glaciers and how they’re moving into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, the scientists are recording gravity measurements for Antarctica. These “tell us about changes in the earth’s gravitational attraction over time and that can be related to the mass of the ice sheets overall,” Shepherd says, “and they are really powerful measurements because they can add up everything across Antarctica.”[contextly_sidebar id=”eUQPZA3bgd7aPP1WzwXjFcrlNWtocdb4”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what accounts for the apparent three-fold speed up in Antarctica’s melting in the last five years?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shepherd says that actually, their data shows a “a progressive increase in ice loss throughout the whole 25 year time period.” However, a period of heavy snowfall between 2005 and 2010 masked some of the immediate effects of the ice loss, accounting for the sudden, steep increase in more recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new data creates a much starker picture of the future than previous estimates. Shepherd says until 2010, the data had been tracking a lower scenario which estimated that Antarctica “wouldn’t make much of a contribution to sea level rise at all” because of the effects of higher snowfall. However, he says that now the data is tracking a higher scenario, which could mean nearly 6 inches of additional sea level rise in the next century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be a big deal, he says, “for anybody who lives, works and governs a coastal region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding the rate of Antarctica’s melting is crucial for these communities. If all of the ice in Antarctica melted, global sea levels would rise by more than 190 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Antarctica+Has+Lost+More+Than+3+Trillion+Tons+Of+Ice+In+25+Years+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists have completed the most exhaustive assessment of changes in Antarctica’s ice sheet to date. And they found that it’s melting faster than they thought.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ice losses totaling 3 trillion tonnes (or more than 3.3 trillion tons) since 1992 have caused global sea levels to rise by 7.6 mm, nearly one third of an inch, according to a study \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-018-0179-y\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">published in Nature\u003c/a> on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before 2010, Antarctica was contributing a relatively small proportion of the melting that is causing global sea levels to rise, says study co-leader \u003ca href=\"http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/people/a.shepherd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Andrew Shepherd of the University of Leeds\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that has changed. “Since around 2010, 2012, we can see that there’s been a sharp increase in the rate of ice loss from Antarctica. And the ice sheet is now losing three times as much ice,” Shepherd adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The annual sea level rise that’s attributed to Antarctica has tripled, from 0.2mm to 0.6mm, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s a big jump, and it did catch us all by surprise,” Shepherd says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The melting is caused by rising ocean temperatures due to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shepherd says they’ve seen the most dramatic effects in West Antarctica, where the ice sheet rests on the sea bed. “When we look into the ocean we find that it’s too warm and the ice sheet can’t withstand the temperatures that are surrounding it in the sea,” he says. That’s causing glaciers to flow more quickly into the sea.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>East Antarctica, which is home to the South Pole, has seen considerably less melting because most of its ice is above sea level. That’s “an important distinction, because it means it’s insulated from changes in the ocean’s temperature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This assessment, conducted by 84 scientists from 44 international organizations, is known as the Ice Sheet Mass Balance Inter-comparison Exercise (IMBIE).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been many other estimates of how much ice has melted in Antarctica. And many of those papers showed different results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some of the estimates covered different proportions of the ice sheets, some of them covered different time periods, and all of them used different methods and so it became difficult for people who are not specialists to try to pick them apart,” says Shepherd. “So that was the motivation for originally setting up the project.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists combined 24 different satellite surveys, which Shepherd says provides a more complete picture of the overall ice sheet change than previous studies. “We believe that we’ve captured all of the different satellite records that exist on the planet,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To analyze the ice, the researchers use three different kinds of measurements. Satellite altimeters measure the height of the ice sheets, to see how much they are thinning or thickening over time. Another measurement records the speed of the glaciers and how they’re moving into the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, the scientists are recording gravity measurements for Antarctica. These “tell us about changes in the earth’s gravitational attraction over time and that can be related to the mass of the ice sheets overall,” Shepherd says, “and they are really powerful measurements because they can add up everything across Antarctica.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what accounts for the apparent three-fold speed up in Antarctica’s melting in the last five years?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shepherd says that actually, their data shows a “a progressive increase in ice loss throughout the whole 25 year time period.” However, a period of heavy snowfall between 2005 and 2010 masked some of the immediate effects of the ice loss, accounting for the sudden, steep increase in more recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This new data creates a much starker picture of the future than previous estimates. Shepherd says until 2010, the data had been tracking a lower scenario which estimated that Antarctica “wouldn’t make much of a contribution to sea level rise at all” because of the effects of higher snowfall. However, he says that now the data is tracking a higher scenario, which could mean nearly 6 inches of additional sea level rise in the next century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be a big deal, he says, “for anybody who lives, works and governs a coastal region.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Understanding the rate of Antarctica’s melting is crucial for these communities. If all of the ice in Antarctica melted, global sea levels would rise by more than 190 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Antarctica+Has+Lost+More+Than+3+Trillion+Tons+Of+Ice+In+25+Years+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Record-Low Clarity in Lake Tahoe Blamed on Unusual Weather Events",
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"content": "\u003cp>A bizarre confluence of weather events led to the average clarity of Lake Tahoe last year falling to its lowest level on record.[contextly_sidebar id=”JNSz6zz0TpEKsJfo8i0IASU0tgr9fDuY”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"http://tahoe.ucdavis.edu/research/monitoring/water-clarity.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> report\u003c/a> issued by the \u003ca href=\"http://tahoe.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tahoe Environmental Research Center\u003c/a> at UC Davis, is a preview of its annual State of the Lake report, due out next month. It points to historic drought, followed by record precipitation and warm temperatures. Lake clarity is a key indicator used to track the degradation and restoration of the iconic lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was more than just a bizarre sequence of events,” says the center’s director, Geoffrey Schladow, “it was a sequence of extremely extreme events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data released by the center on Wednesday shows that the average annual clarity level for 2017 was 59.7 feet, which marks the deepest point at which a standardized measuring disk is visible. That’s a 9.5 -ft. decrease in depth from the previous year. The five-year average for lake clarity is about 70 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say heavy rains in early 2017 sent sediment that had been gathering in streambeds through five years of drought, into the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These two events came together,” recalls Schladow. “The drought let lots of sediment build up in the streams over that 5-yr period and then finally this event — this really extreme winter — washed it all into the lake, literally in that one year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schladow estimates that 12,000 tons of fresh sediment ended up in the lake last year, whereas none of the previous five years has seen more than 1,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center has been monitoring Tahoe for over a half-century and uses the research to assess how freshwater ecosystems are responding to change. The center’s stated goal is to restore lake clarity back to its historic level of nearly 100 feet, which gave rise to its legendary reputation as a jewel among alpine lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername='science' align='right']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the center, most pollutants that contribute to reduced clarity come from urban runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A joint statement issued by the California Natural Resources Secretary John Laird and Nevada Director of Conservation and Natural Resources Bradley Cowell urged the scientific community to take note of the report’s findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">“While annual clarity declines are not unusual, the record decline experienced last year warrants an in-depth review to further understand the causes and impacts, and to help ensure the 2017 decrease is an anomaly, and not a trend,” it read.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Schladow says the lake is already recovering, the one-year pulse raises important questions about the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all believe that there will be more extreme events,” he says, “maybe not as extreme as what we saw, but more intense rainfall, more rain, less snow — things like that we haven’t dealt with before. How do we cope with those sorts of extremes?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, the federal Department of Interior announced that it \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/344033461/FY2017-Reduction-Options\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">might slash the budget\u003c/a> for conservation projects throughout Nevada, including those that serve the Lake Tahoe region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"speakable-p-1 p-text\">The majority of the funding has been used for projects at Lake Tahoe, according to Julie Regan, spokesperson at the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this funding were to be cut,” warns Regan, “that would potentially compromise forest health projects that would protect the region from catastrophic wildfires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p-text\">\n\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A bizarre confluence of weather events led to the average clarity of Lake Tahoe last year falling to its lowest level on record.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The\u003ca href=\"http://tahoe.ucdavis.edu/research/monitoring/water-clarity.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> report\u003c/a> issued by the \u003ca href=\"http://tahoe.ucdavis.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tahoe Environmental Research Center\u003c/a> at UC Davis, is a preview of its annual State of the Lake report, due out next month. It points to historic drought, followed by record precipitation and warm temperatures. Lake clarity is a key indicator used to track the degradation and restoration of the iconic lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was more than just a bizarre sequence of events,” says the center’s director, Geoffrey Schladow, “it was a sequence of extremely extreme events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Data released by the center on Wednesday shows that the average annual clarity level for 2017 was 59.7 feet, which marks the deepest point at which a standardized measuring disk is visible. That’s a 9.5 -ft. decrease in depth from the previous year. The five-year average for lake clarity is about 70 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say heavy rains in early 2017 sent sediment that had been gathering in streambeds through five years of drought, into the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These two events came together,” recalls Schladow. “The drought let lots of sediment build up in the streams over that 5-yr period and then finally this event — this really extreme winter — washed it all into the lake, literally in that one year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schladow estimates that 12,000 tons of fresh sediment ended up in the lake last year, whereas none of the previous five years has seen more than 1,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center has been monitoring Tahoe for over a half-century and uses the research to assess how freshwater ecosystems are responding to change. The center’s stated goal is to restore lake clarity back to its historic level of nearly 100 feet, which gave rise to its legendary reputation as a jewel among alpine lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the center, most pollutants that contribute to reduced clarity come from urban runoff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A joint statement issued by the California Natural Resources Secretary John Laird and Nevada Director of Conservation and Natural Resources Bradley Cowell urged the scientific community to take note of the report’s findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: black\">“While annual clarity declines are not unusual, the record decline experienced last year warrants an in-depth review to further understand the causes and impacts, and to help ensure the 2017 decrease is an anomaly, and not a trend,” it read.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Schladow says the lake is already recovering, the one-year pulse raises important questions about the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We all believe that there will be more extreme events,” he says, “maybe not as extreme as what we saw, but more intense rainfall, more rain, less snow — things like that we haven’t dealt with before. How do we cope with those sorts of extremes?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February, the federal Department of Interior announced that it \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/344033461/FY2017-Reduction-Options\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">might slash the budget\u003c/a> for conservation projects throughout Nevada, including those that serve the Lake Tahoe region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"speakable-p-1 p-text\">The majority of the funding has been used for projects at Lake Tahoe, according to Julie Regan, spokesperson at the Tahoe Regional Planning Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If this funding were to be cut,” warns Regan, “that would potentially compromise forest health projects that would protect the region from catastrophic wildfires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p-text\">\n\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Scientists and engineers have been underscoring for some time the need for carbon-capture technologies to help reverse the course of climate change. A solution of last resort, it relies on technology to strip the atmosphere of the most prevalent greenhouse gas — a process referred to as “direct air capture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/06/carbon-engineering-liquid-fuel-carbon-capture-neutral-science/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Geographic:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Keeping global warming to less than 2 degrees C (the international target to avoid the most dangerous impacts) will likely require \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-02184-x\">“negative emissions”\u003c/a>—some way of taking lots of CO2 out of the atmosphere and storing it permanently, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Until now, the concept has remained elusive due to the exorbitant costs involved and few takers. But one Canadian company, \u003ca href=\"http://carbonengineering.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carbon Engineering\u003c/a>, has been running a pilot facility since 2015 and says it has successfully developed a cost-effective technology for DAC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Geographic called it an “engineering breakthrough.” The founders recently published a paper detailing the costs of the ambitious project in the\u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/joule/home\"> journal Joule\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our paper shows the costs and engineering for a full-scale plant that could capture one million tons of CO2 a year,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.seas.harvard.edu/directory/dkeith\">David Keith\u003c/a>, a physicist at Harvard University and founder of Carbon Engineering, told National Geographic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quest for direct capture has been frought with failure. Last year, a Swiss company called Climeworks launched a DAC pilot facility. The plant contains massive fans that blow air into a solution that contains a carbon-capturing chemical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the American Physical Society found that the procedure would likely cost about $600 per metric ton of captured CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>. With our addiction to fossil fuel contributing \u003ca href=\"https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/11/climate-change-carbon-emissions-rising-environment/?beta=true\">close to 40 billion metric tons of CO2 a year,\u003c/a> which doesn’t “pencil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, the technology developed by Carbon Engineering works by capturing the CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> in a solution that reacts with the carbon and converts it into a solid — and at lower cost. From the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05357-w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature\u003c/a>\u003cem>:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Carbon Engineering’s design blows air through towers that contain a solution of potassium hydroxide, which reacts with CO2 to form potassium carbonate. The result, after further processing, is a calcium carbonate pellet that can be heated to release the CO2. That CO2 could then be pressurized, put into a pipeline and disposed of underground, but the company is planning instead to use the gas to make synthetic, low-carbon fuels. Keith says that the company can produce these at a cost of about $1 per litre. When Carbon Engineering configured the air-capture plant for this purpose, they were able to bring costs down to as low as $94 per tonne of CO2.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Keith and his team used their findings to project the costs of an actual commercial plant with the same technology. They claim their \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/joule/fulltext/S2542-4351(18)30225-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">technology can capture CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> for between $94 and $232 per metric ton\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t going to save the world from the impacts of climate change, but it’s going to be a big step on the path to a low-carbon economy,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.seas.harvard.edu/directory/dkeith\">Keith\u003c/a> told National Geographic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company uses a separate pilot project to convert the captured carbon into liquid fuels, including gasoline. From \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/06/cost-plunges-capturing-carbon-dioxide-air\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science Magazine\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>[B]ecause the process recycles carbon from the air, it would constitute a low-carbon fuel, something that places such as California are increasingly requiring in their fuel mixes, and which command a premium price.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The eventual demand could further drive down costs. But for the technology to truly succeed in making a dent in international climate recovery goals, it will require widespread adoption, according to Klaus Lackner, director at the Center for Negative Carbon Emissions at Arizona State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"parbase smartbody section text\">\n\u003cp>“We will need a trillion-dollar industry to [keep warming below 2 degrees C]. That seems like a lot, but today’s airline industry is larger,” Lackner \u003ca href=\"https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/06/carbon-engineering-liquid-fuel-carbon-capture-neutral-science/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> National Geographic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Economist magazine \u003ca href=\"https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2018/06/09/extracting-carbon-dioxide-from-the-air-is-possible.-but-at-what-cost\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a> that the founders of Carbon Engineering want to eventually license their technology to fuel manufacturers. They hope to begin construction of their first commercial plant before the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Scientists and engineers have been underscoring for some time the need for carbon-capture technologies to help reverse the course of climate change. A solution of last resort, it relies on technology to strip the atmosphere of the most prevalent greenhouse gas — a process referred to as “direct air capture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/06/carbon-engineering-liquid-fuel-carbon-capture-neutral-science/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Geographic:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Keeping global warming to less than 2 degrees C (the international target to avoid the most dangerous impacts) will likely require \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-02184-x\">“negative emissions”\u003c/a>—some way of taking lots of CO2 out of the atmosphere and storing it permanently, according to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Until now, the concept has remained elusive due to the exorbitant costs involved and few takers. But one Canadian company, \u003ca href=\"http://carbonengineering.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Carbon Engineering\u003c/a>, has been running a pilot facility since 2015 and says it has successfully developed a cost-effective technology for DAC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Geographic called it an “engineering breakthrough.” The founders recently published a paper detailing the costs of the ambitious project in the\u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/joule/home\"> journal Joule\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our paper shows the costs and engineering for a full-scale plant that could capture one million tons of CO2 a year,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.seas.harvard.edu/directory/dkeith\">David Keith\u003c/a>, a physicist at Harvard University and founder of Carbon Engineering, told National Geographic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quest for direct capture has been frought with failure. Last year, a Swiss company called Climeworks launched a DAC pilot facility. The plant contains massive fans that blow air into a solution that contains a carbon-capturing chemical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the American Physical Society found that the procedure would likely cost about $600 per metric ton of captured CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub>. With our addiction to fossil fuel contributing \u003ca href=\"https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/11/climate-change-carbon-emissions-rising-environment/?beta=true\">close to 40 billion metric tons of CO2 a year,\u003c/a> which doesn’t “pencil.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, the technology developed by Carbon Engineering works by capturing the CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> in a solution that reacts with the carbon and converts it into a solid — and at lower cost. From the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05357-w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature\u003c/a>\u003cem>:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Carbon Engineering’s design blows air through towers that contain a solution of potassium hydroxide, which reacts with CO2 to form potassium carbonate. The result, after further processing, is a calcium carbonate pellet that can be heated to release the CO2. That CO2 could then be pressurized, put into a pipeline and disposed of underground, but the company is planning instead to use the gas to make synthetic, low-carbon fuels. Keith says that the company can produce these at a cost of about $1 per litre. When Carbon Engineering configured the air-capture plant for this purpose, they were able to bring costs down to as low as $94 per tonne of CO2.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Keith and his team used their findings to project the costs of an actual commercial plant with the same technology. They claim their \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/joule/fulltext/S2542-4351(18)30225-3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">technology can capture CO\u003csub>2\u003c/sub> for between $94 and $232 per metric ton\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This isn’t going to save the world from the impacts of climate change, but it’s going to be a big step on the path to a low-carbon economy,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.seas.harvard.edu/directory/dkeith\">Keith\u003c/a> told National Geographic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company uses a separate pilot project to convert the captured carbon into liquid fuels, including gasoline. From \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/06/cost-plunges-capturing-carbon-dioxide-air\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science Magazine\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>[B]ecause the process recycles carbon from the air, it would constitute a low-carbon fuel, something that places such as California are increasingly requiring in their fuel mixes, and which command a premium price.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The eventual demand could further drive down costs. But for the technology to truly succeed in making a dent in international climate recovery goals, it will require widespread adoption, according to Klaus Lackner, director at the Center for Negative Carbon Emissions at Arizona State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"parbase smartbody section text\">\n\u003cp>“We will need a trillion-dollar industry to [keep warming below 2 degrees C]. That seems like a lot, but today’s airline industry is larger,” Lackner \u003ca href=\"https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/06/carbon-engineering-liquid-fuel-carbon-capture-neutral-science/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> National Geographic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Economist magazine \u003ca href=\"https://www.economist.com/science-and-technology/2018/06/09/extracting-carbon-dioxide-from-the-air-is-possible.-but-at-what-cost\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a> that the founders of Carbon Engineering want to eventually license their technology to fuel manufacturers. They hope to begin construction of their first commercial plant before the end of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Southern California agencies are field-testing equipment intended to enable helicopters to more quickly fill with water while battling wildfires.[contextly_sidebar id=”hOTJzcw3rv7xb5EzqaplZSRcT7JPe1ZD”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anaheim Fire & Rescue, the Orange County Fire Authority and OC Parks demonstrated the Remotely Activated Snorkel Site technology on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snorkels are hoses that allow hovering helicopters to suck loads of water out of natural and man-made sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The experimental system involves strategically placing portable open-top tanks or permanent basins in the environment and connecting them to municipal water sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A helicopter pilot uses a radio signal to activate valves and fill a basin near a fire, reducing the need for ground crews and cutting the time spent flying to load up with more water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Dozens of Water Systems Consolidate in California’s Farming Heartland",
"headTitle": "Dozens of Water Systems Consolidate in California’s Farming Heartland | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Joaquin Valley, one of the most productive farming regions in the nation, an estimated 150,000 people are stuck living with contaminated drinking water. When they open a tap to fill a cooking pot or take a shower, the water that gushes out is contaminated with nitrates, hexavalent chromium, arsenic and other nasties from polluted wells.[contextly_sidebar id=”BXxHEiwGfcQkkmUN7w7VU8pQHE73VUWT”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The good news: Help is available to many of these small community water systems, provided they can merge with a neighboring utility that has clean water.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Estimating how many such mergers are under way is difficult, because they are at different stages and some may not have reached the attention of state regulators yet. A \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://innovation.luskin.ucla.edu/content/adopting-county-policies-which-limit-public-water-system-sprawl-and-promote-small-system-con\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">University of California, Los Angeles study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> released last year estimated 32 mergers are in progress. Camille Pannu, director of the Water Justice Center at the University of California, Davis, said there are probably more than 50 mergers in the works in the San Joaquin Valley alone. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the number, the process can be expensive and laborious, despite state laws meant to ease the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s definitely a multiyear – often many-year – process,” said Nell Green Nylen, a senior research fellow at the Wheeler Water Institute at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> Davis. “A big part of it is funding. And there can be a number of different agencies at different levels that need to be involved.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Green Nylen is coauthor of a \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/clee/research/wheeler/learning-from-consolidations/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">new report\u003c/span>\u003c/a> summarizing the challenges of water system consolidation. They range from financing problems to a lack of basic data needed to understand the water-quality problems that need solving.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">There are legal and bureaucratic challenges, as well. For instance, in the unincorporated town of Tooleville in Tulare County, groundwater wells are contaminated by hexavalent chromium, also known as chromium-6 (the chemical made famous by the 2000 film “Erin Brockovich”). The town of fewer than 400 people has been trying to merge its tiny mutual water company with the municipal water system in the neighboring city of Exeter, which has more than 10,000 residents.[contextly_sidebar id=”5x6EMoTNwScXLen0hWQSc4sC4m8oo3uH”]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We can’t cook with the water. We can’t drink it,” said Maria Olivera, a board member of the Tooleville water system and a resident of the town since 1974. “We really need help. Everybody is hoping it will be solved.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">An agreement for the merger finally appears close at hand. But now a financing problem has emerged. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The state’s water-quality standard for hexavalent chromium was struck down by a May 2017 court ruling. The lawsuit was filed by the California Manufacturers and Technology Association and the Solano County Taxpayers Association. The court agreed with the plaintiffs that the state failed to investigate whether compliance with the standard is economically feasible.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">As a result, the State Water Resources Control Board was forced to withdraw its water-quality standard for hexavalent chromium while it works on revisions. With no standard in place, water systems trying to solve hexavalent chromium problems are not eligible for state grant funding. Which means Tooleville must seek another source of money to pay for the construction to connect with Exeter’s system.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In the meantime, the \u003c/span>state is providing Tooleville with bottled water for drinking and cooking. The tainted well water is still used for cleaning, irrigating and everything else that people need water for. But recently the pump burned out at one of the town’s two wells. If the same should happen at Tooleville’s other well, the town’s water emergency will worsen considerably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We don’t have any money to buy a pump and then to hire a person to manage it, and then to pay the electricity bill for the water pumps,” Olivera said. “We are in a big problem right now because there’s no money.”[contextly_sidebar id=”xHtF69SRn5Ztvx5jGx3yCqAMHCppO19V”]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A state law passed in 2015, \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/programs/compliance/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Senate Bill 88\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, authorized the State Water Resources Control Board to require water system consolidations to fix water quality or reliability problems. Since the law passed, the water board has notified 25 water agencies they must consolidate – all in the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Fortunately, the construction required to physically connect one water agency with another may be fairly easy in many cases. A \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> Davis \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://regionalchange.ucdavis.edu/publication/water-justice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> released in February found that 66 percent of disadvantaged communities in the San Joaquin Valley are within 500ft of another water utility that meets drinking water standards. For the rest, the distance is 3 or more miles, which could make a connection too expensive.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_132038\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-132038\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180607135056/EastPorterville21.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1027\" height=\"574\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peter Aranzazu, left, and Benny Zurita install new water lines in East Porterville, Calif., so homes can connect to a new water supply provided by the city of Porterville. East Porterville lived with groundwater problems for years until the connection was finally made in 2016. (Florence Low, California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Not all water system mergers involve full consolidation. Sometimes, water agencies might want to work together without merging completely. Neighboring water agencies might want to build an intertie, for example, in order to share water resources. But Green Nylen said state assistance programs tend to be available only for full mergers – another weakness in the regulatory process.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">One possibility of a partial merger is unfolding in Sacramento County, where the San Juan Water District and Sacramento Suburban Water District have talked for several years about combining resources.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">San Juan is primarily a surface-water agency, with water rights in the American River. Sacramento Suburban primarily relies on groundwater. Combined, the agencies serve around 340,000 people.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If the two could agree to work together and build the necessary plumbing connections, San Juan could use Sacramento Suburban’s groundwater during drought years when American River water might be in short supply. Then, in wet years, it could use American River water to recharge Sacramento Suburban’s aquifers.[contextly_sidebar id=”dzHxoRfmqkHnJJ7XbCTWkFBX7rliqlAf”]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“On the face of it, it would seem to give us more opportunity to optimize use of our water supply,” said Paul Helliker, general manager of San Juan Water District. “This is particularly important as we look at what the future holds with climate change and changing regulatory requirements.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In 2015, board members of the two agencies held a joint meeting to discuss moving ahead with some kind of cooperating agreement. It could range from a full merger to simply collaborating on joint projects. San Juan’s board of directors voted unanimously in favor of proceeding with further negotiations. But the Sacramento Suburban board voted 3-2 against it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The two agencies recently restarted discussions, Helliker said. Each board has formed a two-member subcommittee for more joint meetings to discuss what form of cooperation to pursue.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In any merger, some of the trickiest issues do not involve money or laws at all, Green Nylen said. Rather, the sticky issues are about who will be in charge, which employees will be retained and deciding whose operating rules are best.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Also, ratepayers often have a variety of concerns. They may fear losing control of “their” water supply. And they may worry about rate increases under a newly consolidated water utility.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“The current round of consolidations has focused on systems where water treatment is just not affordable or financially sustainable unless systems merge,” said Pannu at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> Davis. “My understanding is that the state is triaging cases based on the public health impact.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/06/11/dozens-of-water-systems-consolidate-in-californias-farming-heartland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Many small community water systems in California’s San Joaquin Valley suffer from polluted wells and financial challenges. To fix these problems, some are moving to connect with a neighboring water system. It’s not an easy process.",
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"description": "Many small community water systems in California’s San Joaquin Valley suffer from polluted wells and financial challenges. To fix these problems, some are moving to connect with a neighboring water system. It’s not an easy process.",
"title": "Dozens of Water Systems Consolidate in California’s Farming Heartland | KQED",
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"headline": "Dozens of Water Systems Consolidate in California’s Farming Heartland",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Joaquin Valley, one of the most productive farming regions in the nation, an estimated 150,000 people are stuck living with contaminated drinking water. When they open a tap to fill a cooking pot or take a shower, the water that gushes out is contaminated with nitrates, hexavalent chromium, arsenic and other nasties from polluted wells.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The good news: Help is available to many of these small community water systems, provided they can merge with a neighboring utility that has clean water.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Estimating how many such mergers are under way is difficult, because they are at different stages and some may not have reached the attention of state regulators yet. A \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://innovation.luskin.ucla.edu/content/adopting-county-policies-which-limit-public-water-system-sprawl-and-promote-small-system-con\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">University of California, Los Angeles study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> released last year estimated 32 mergers are in progress. Camille Pannu, director of the Water Justice Center at the University of California, Davis, said there are probably more than 50 mergers in the works in the San Joaquin Valley alone. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever the number, the process can be expensive and laborious, despite state laws meant to ease the way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“It’s definitely a multiyear – often many-year – process,” said Nell Green Nylen, a senior research fellow at the Wheeler Water Institute at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> Davis. “A big part of it is funding. And there can be a number of different agencies at different levels that need to be involved.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Green Nylen is coauthor of a \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.law.berkeley.edu/research/clee/research/wheeler/learning-from-consolidations/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">new report\u003c/span>\u003c/a> summarizing the challenges of water system consolidation. They range from financing problems to a lack of basic data needed to understand the water-quality problems that need solving.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">There are legal and bureaucratic challenges, as well. For instance, in the unincorporated town of Tooleville in Tulare County, groundwater wells are contaminated by hexavalent chromium, also known as chromium-6 (the chemical made famous by the 2000 film “Erin Brockovich”). The town of fewer than 400 people has been trying to merge its tiny mutual water company with the municipal water system in the neighboring city of Exeter, which has more than 10,000 residents.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We can’t cook with the water. We can’t drink it,” said Maria Olivera, a board member of the Tooleville water system and a resident of the town since 1974. “We really need help. Everybody is hoping it will be solved.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">An agreement for the merger finally appears close at hand. But now a financing problem has emerged. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The state’s water-quality standard for hexavalent chromium was struck down by a May 2017 court ruling. The lawsuit was filed by the California Manufacturers and Technology Association and the Solano County Taxpayers Association. The court agreed with the plaintiffs that the state failed to investigate whether compliance with the standard is economically feasible.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">As a result, the State Water Resources Control Board was forced to withdraw its water-quality standard for hexavalent chromium while it works on revisions. With no standard in place, water systems trying to solve hexavalent chromium problems are not eligible for state grant funding. Which means Tooleville must seek another source of money to pay for the construction to connect with Exeter’s system.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In the meantime, the \u003c/span>state is providing Tooleville with bottled water for drinking and cooking. The tainted well water is still used for cleaning, irrigating and everything else that people need water for. But recently the pump burned out at one of the town’s two wells. If the same should happen at Tooleville’s other well, the town’s water emergency will worsen considerably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“We don’t have any money to buy a pump and then to hire a person to manage it, and then to pay the electricity bill for the water pumps,” Olivera said. “We are in a big problem right now because there’s no money.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">A state law passed in 2015, \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov/drinking_water/programs/compliance/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">Senate Bill 88\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, authorized the State Water Resources Control Board to require water system consolidations to fix water quality or reliability problems. Since the law passed, the water board has notified 25 water agencies they must consolidate – all in the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Fortunately, the construction required to physically connect one water agency with another may be fairly easy in many cases. A \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> Davis \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://regionalchange.ucdavis.edu/publication/water-justice\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cspan class=\"s2\">study\u003c/span>\u003c/a> released in February found that 66 percent of disadvantaged communities in the San Joaquin Valley are within 500ft of another water utility that meets drinking water standards. For the rest, the distance is 3 or more miles, which could make a connection too expensive.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_132038\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-132038\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180607135056/EastPorterville21.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1027\" height=\"574\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peter Aranzazu, left, and Benny Zurita install new water lines in East Porterville, Calif., so homes can connect to a new water supply provided by the city of Porterville. East Porterville lived with groundwater problems for years until the connection was finally made in 2016. (Florence Low, California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Not all water system mergers involve full consolidation. Sometimes, water agencies might want to work together without merging completely. Neighboring water agencies might want to build an intertie, for example, in order to share water resources. But Green Nylen said state assistance programs tend to be available only for full mergers – another weakness in the regulatory process.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">One possibility of a partial merger is unfolding in Sacramento County, where the San Juan Water District and Sacramento Suburban Water District have talked for several years about combining resources.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">San Juan is primarily a surface-water agency, with water rights in the American River. Sacramento Suburban primarily relies on groundwater. Combined, the agencies serve around 340,000 people.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">If the two could agree to work together and build the necessary plumbing connections, San Juan could use Sacramento Suburban’s groundwater during drought years when American River water might be in short supply. Then, in wet years, it could use American River water to recharge Sacramento Suburban’s aquifers.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“On the face of it, it would seem to give us more opportunity to optimize use of our water supply,” said Paul Helliker, general manager of San Juan Water District. “This is particularly important as we look at what the future holds with climate change and changing regulatory requirements.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In 2015, board members of the two agencies held a joint meeting to discuss moving ahead with some kind of cooperating agreement. It could range from a full merger to simply collaborating on joint projects. San Juan’s board of directors voted unanimously in favor of proceeding with further negotiations. But the Sacramento Suburban board voted 3-2 against it.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">The two agencies recently restarted discussions, Helliker said. Each board has formed a two-member subcommittee for more joint meetings to discuss what form of cooperation to pursue.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">In any merger, some of the trickiest issues do not involve money or laws at all, Green Nylen said. Rather, the sticky issues are about who will be in charge, which employees will be retained and deciding whose operating rules are best.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Also, ratepayers often have a variety of concerns. They may fear losing control of “their” water supply. And they may worry about rate increases under a newly consolidated water utility.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">“The current round of consolidations has focused on systems where water treatment is just not affordable or financially sustainable unless systems merge,” said Pannu at \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> Davis. “My understanding is that the state is triaging cases based on the public health impact.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/06/11/dozens-of-water-systems-consolidate-in-californias-farming-heartland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "In Berry Country, California Farmers Get Innovative to Save Groundwater",
"headTitle": "In Berry Country, California Farmers Get Innovative to Save Groundwater | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Driscoll’s Berries and its farmers in Ventura County are working to save water and tackle sustainable management of the local groundwater, writes Kirsten James of Ceres.[contextly_sidebar id=”TwM9Y8AIMIDbsQECfmESK79c9TZATwKs”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Red and purple berries ripening in vast fields. The sun shining in a blue sky as workers in broad-brimmed hats pluck the best berries from the strawberry tufts and blackberry vines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bucolic scene in Ventura County along the Southern California coast belies the exacting science and sharp business decisions involved in the farming underway here, where many grow for Driscoll’s Berries and water availability can make or break a season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driscoll’s and its farmers don’t leave much to chance, having weathered drought conditions through much of this decade. And now they’re working on the next big challenge – implementing the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) and working to recharge the aquifer through a water recycling program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among a variety of studies and data collection efforts to inform better farming techniques, Driscoll’s research station located among the fields looks for the best methods for irrigating and careful use of water, with an eye on adapting to climate impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, given the increased evaporation of surface water in a warming climate, some area farmers now use micro sprinklers – tiny, precise sprinklers that deliver water to a part of the plant near its roots to establish transplants. Other farmers are moving berry growing to substrate farming or tabletop planters in controlled settings such as high tunnel greenhouses.[contextly_sidebar id=”OPDypQt5RhslKMXrziqvA81qHMOBeCWe”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent visit to Driscoll’s research station, I listened as James duBois, senior manager of Global Environmental Impact for Driscoll’s, explained how substrate farming has environmental and water-saving benefits. Substrate farming reduces water needs by 30 percent and often allows for lower pesticide and fertilizer use, he said. I was visiting because Driscoll’s is a member of Ceres’ \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceres.org/campaigns/connect-the-drops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Connect the Drops campaign\u003c/a>, a group of 35 companies that advocate for smart water management policies in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_131960\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\"> Water has long been top-of-mind for Driscoll’s and Ventura County growers. In fact, area farmers established a groundwater management plan for the Oxnard Plain in the early 1990s, long before SGMA was passed in 2014.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Still, during the recent drought that left many farmers in Ventura and around the state with reduced water supplies, they realized the Oxnard basin was still in severe overdraft and more needed to be done. Many in the community, including Driscoll’s and its largest grower in the area, Reiter Affiliated Companies, welcomed SGMA.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">“Water management within the Oxnard basin is very complex. This is one of the reasons we supported SGMA,” duBois said, adding that because local users have the most knowledge of a water basin, Driscoll’s and its growers particularly “supported the local control and consensus-building spirit of SGMA.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">With SGMA guidelines, the farmers and communities in the region started on the path to formalize and fortify their groundwater management plan. The Oxnard Plain and Pleasant Valley Agricultural Overliers Group, of which duBois is an advisory member, has developed a draft proposal that calls for allocations based on growers’ historical needs over the past three years, as well as replenishment of the groundwater basin and the development of lower-impact, recycled water supplies. They hope the proposal will be approved by the governing body for SGMA implementation, the Groundwater Sustainability Agency, in the near future.[contextly_sidebar id=”DB3L5XESX6QaXCztOlOlpBhl0q2nBkC4″]\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">“We want the allocation to be real and relevant,” duBois said. In accordance with SGMA – and the spirit of sharing in the community – they also hope their groundwater management plan will address the environmental and water scarcity issues that could threaten the way of life in this region.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">And the proposed plan allows water districts to enter water transfer and pumping agreements with each other. DuBois estimates there are currently eight to 10 such transfer transactions in the works in Ventura County at any one time, and this could increase under the new proposal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cstrong>Beyond Managing Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The growers realize, however, that allocating and trading finite amounts of water from an overdrafted groundwater basin isn’t going to solve their water shortage problems.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">So the Oxnard groundwater management plan integrates groundwater allocation with a plan to develop “new” water resources through recycling water. Oxnard’s water recycling plan was christened the Oxnard Groundwater Recovery Enhancement and Treatment program (GREAT). The system includes tertiary-level wastewater treatment through an advanced water-purification facility and then groundwater injection to help replenish the aquifers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The GREAT plan calls for making recycled water available for both groundwater replenishment and irrigating agricultural fields. Although the program has had hiccups, farmers are on board and already using this water.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The efforts around management in the Oxnard groundwater basin appear to be shaping up as a very detailed and advanced example of how California’s groundwater sustainability agencies are developing long-term sustainability plans.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Agriculture is a mainstay of the economy here and careful management of water resources through SGMA implementation is key to keeping it this way, while ensuring the needs of the community and environment are maintained.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Other groundwater sustainability agencies could pull ideas and strategies from the Oxnard Basin’s playbook – not only the content in the plan but also the lessons learned on how to reach this stage successfully.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca style=\"color: #000000\" href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca style=\"color: #000000\" href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/06/07/in-berry-country-california-farmers-get-innovative-to-save-groundwater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca style=\"color: #000000\" href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list. The views expressed in this article belong to the author and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Water Deeply.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Driscoll’s Berries and its farmers in Ventura County are working to save water and tackle sustainable management of the local groundwater, writes Kirsten James of Ceres.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Driscoll’s Berries and its farmers in Ventura County are working to save water and tackle sustainable management of the local groundwater, writes Kirsten James of Ceres.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Red and purple berries ripening in vast fields. The sun shining in a blue sky as workers in broad-brimmed hats pluck the best berries from the strawberry tufts and blackberry vines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bucolic scene in Ventura County along the Southern California coast belies the exacting science and sharp business decisions involved in the farming underway here, where many grow for Driscoll’s Berries and water availability can make or break a season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driscoll’s and its farmers don’t leave much to chance, having weathered drought conditions through much of this decade. And now they’re working on the next big challenge – implementing the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) and working to recharge the aquifer through a water recycling program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among a variety of studies and data collection efforts to inform better farming techniques, Driscoll’s research station located among the fields looks for the best methods for irrigating and careful use of water, with an eye on adapting to climate impacts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, given the increased evaporation of surface water in a warming climate, some area farmers now use micro sprinklers – tiny, precise sprinklers that deliver water to a part of the plant near its roots to establish transplants. Other farmers are moving berry growing to substrate farming or tabletop planters in controlled settings such as high tunnel greenhouses.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a recent visit to Driscoll’s research station, I listened as James duBois, senior manager of Global Environmental Impact for Driscoll’s, explained how substrate farming has environmental and water-saving benefits. Substrate farming reduces water needs by 30 percent and often allows for lower pesticide and fertilizer use, he said. I was visiting because Driscoll’s is a member of Ceres’ \u003ca href=\"https://www.ceres.org/campaigns/connect-the-drops\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Connect the Drops campaign\u003c/a>, a group of 35 companies that advocate for smart water management policies in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_131960\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\"> Water has long been top-of-mind for Driscoll’s and Ventura County growers. In fact, area farmers established a groundwater management plan for the Oxnard Plain in the early 1990s, long before SGMA was passed in 2014.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Still, during the recent drought that left many farmers in Ventura and around the state with reduced water supplies, they realized the Oxnard basin was still in severe overdraft and more needed to be done. Many in the community, including Driscoll’s and its largest grower in the area, Reiter Affiliated Companies, welcomed SGMA.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">“Water management within the Oxnard basin is very complex. This is one of the reasons we supported SGMA,” duBois said, adding that because local users have the most knowledge of a water basin, Driscoll’s and its growers particularly “supported the local control and consensus-building spirit of SGMA.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">With SGMA guidelines, the farmers and communities in the region started on the path to formalize and fortify their groundwater management plan. The Oxnard Plain and Pleasant Valley Agricultural Overliers Group, of which duBois is an advisory member, has developed a draft proposal that calls for allocations based on growers’ historical needs over the past three years, as well as replenishment of the groundwater basin and the development of lower-impact, recycled water supplies. They hope the proposal will be approved by the governing body for SGMA implementation, the Groundwater Sustainability Agency, in the near future.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">“We want the allocation to be real and relevant,” duBois said. In accordance with SGMA – and the spirit of sharing in the community – they also hope their groundwater management plan will address the environmental and water scarcity issues that could threaten the way of life in this region.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">And the proposed plan allows water districts to enter water transfer and pumping agreements with each other. DuBois estimates there are currently eight to 10 such transfer transactions in the works in Ventura County at any one time, and this could increase under the new proposal.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cstrong>Beyond Managing Water\u003c/strong>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The growers realize, however, that allocating and trading finite amounts of water from an overdrafted groundwater basin isn’t going to solve their water shortage problems.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">So the Oxnard groundwater management plan integrates groundwater allocation with a plan to develop “new” water resources through recycling water. Oxnard’s water recycling plan was christened the Oxnard Groundwater Recovery Enhancement and Treatment program (GREAT). The system includes tertiary-level wastewater treatment through an advanced water-purification facility and then groundwater injection to help replenish the aquifers.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The GREAT plan calls for making recycled water available for both groundwater replenishment and irrigating agricultural fields. Although the program has had hiccups, farmers are on board and already using this water.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">The efforts around management in the Oxnard groundwater basin appear to be shaping up as a very detailed and advanced example of how California’s groundwater sustainability agencies are developing long-term sustainability plans.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Agriculture is a mainstay of the economy here and careful management of water resources through SGMA implementation is key to keeping it this way, while ensuring the needs of the community and environment are maintained.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">Other groundwater sustainability agencies could pull ideas and strategies from the Oxnard Basin’s playbook – not only the content in the plan but also the lessons learned on how to reach this stage successfully.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"color: #000000\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca style=\"color: #000000\" href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca style=\"color: #000000\" href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/06/07/in-berry-country-california-farmers-get-innovative-to-save-groundwater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca style=\"color: #000000\" href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list. The views expressed in this article belong to the author and do not necessarily reflect the editorial policy of Water Deeply.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Report Finds Record-Breaking Coastal Flooding Around the U.S.",
"headTitle": "Report Finds Record-Breaking Coastal Flooding Around the U.S. | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/news/coastal-communities-saw-record-number-of-high-tide-flooding-days-last-year\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">High-tide flooding\u003c/a> driven by climate change is breaking records on all coasts of the United States, occurring at twice the rate from just 30 years ago, according to a new federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-content/sotc/national/2018/may/2017_State_of_US_High_Tide_Flooding.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report. [contextly_sidebar id=”lcEC3bZenOqJwJnQ5s5KmWNuUYubI0yv”]\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as sea levels rise, coastal flooding will continue to break records over the next few decades at an accelerated rate, according to the \u003ca style=\"color: #41a62a\" href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The U.S. average high tide flood frequency is now 50 percent greater since 2000 and 100 percent greater than it was 30 years ago,” the NOAA report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several cities faced more than 20 days of coastal flooding over the last year even outside of big storms. The top five cities that saw the highest number of flood days and broke records are Boston; Atlantic City, New Jersey; Sandy Hook, New Jersey; Sabine Pass, Texas; and Galveston, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, Sa\u003cspan class=\"highlight selected\">n Die\u003c/span>go established itself as the state’s coastal flooding hotspot with a record‐breaking 13 days of coastal flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency measured rates of high-tide flooding at 98 locations along the U.S. coastline. More than a quarter of the locations tied or broke their previous records, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As relative sea level increases, it no longer takes a strong storm or a hurricane to cause coastal high tide flooding,” the report said. “High tide flooding causes frequent road closures, overwhelmed storm drains, and compromised infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As noted in recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924579/like-it-or-not-the-water-is-coming-will-the-bay-area-defend-against-rising-seas-or-embrace-them\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports by KQED, \u003c/a>global warming could cause San Francisco Bay to rise 5 feet by 2100:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Now the state of California is warning nine Bay Area counties that climate change means the bay is rising faster. Extreme tides, whipped by storms, have become both more frequent and more extreme. California’s latest and best word on sea levels, a report issued last spring, \u003ca href=\"http://www.oceansciencetrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OST-Sea-Level-Rising-Report-Final_Amended.pdf\">predicts\u003c/a> that San Francisco Bay could rise from five to 15 times faster this century than the last one.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Despite all this, the NOAA report finds that some cities are ill-prepared for what’s to come. In Boston for instance, a recent city-backed study criticized a plan to protect the city from rising sea levels. From \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/06062018/coastal-flooding-data-sea-level-rise-climate-change-noaa-report-high-tide-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Inside Climate News\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Another proposal envisions a harbor-wide barrier system that would close during major storms and cost billions of dollars. But last week, a city-backed study \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/news/2018/05/30/boston-harbor-barrier-flooding-umass-study\">recommended against building a barrier\u003c/a>, saying the money would be better spent on smaller-scale measures, such as flood walls or green infrastructure.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And in New York City, a major coastal barrier that was planned for lower Manhattan has run into significant obstacles. Also from \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/06062018/coastal-flooding-data-sea-level-rise-climate-change-noaa-report-high-tide-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Inside Climate News:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>New York, which also tied its record of 15 days of tidal flooding, has launched various initiatives…But a signature coastal project that would erect berms and walls to protect lower Manhattan—known as “The Big U”—has \u003ca href=\"https://www.wnyc.org/story/five-years-later-sandy-project-grinding/\">faced delays and been scaled back\u003c/a> due to its high costs.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>“Across the whole of the U.S. coastline, we are in dire need of action,” Ben Horton, a Rutgers University researcher,\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/high-tide-flooding-in-the-u-s-is-twice-what-it-was-30-years-ago-noaa/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> told CBS news.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2018/06/06/u-s-coastal-areas-flooded-more-than-ever-in-past-year-due-to-sea-level-rise-and-storms/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.027c47d21364\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washington Post\u003c/a> notes that nowhere in the NOAA report is the term “climate change” mentioned, something that has become a hallmark of the Trump administration:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Neither the announcement of the high-tide flooding record, the accompanying summary nor the technical report mention the words “climate change,” which scientists widely believe is the underlying cause of sea-level rise and the increasing tides.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a conference call this week, report co-author William Sweet of NOAA’s Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services, told reporters that a third of sea level rise is currently driven by thermal expansion of ocean water, and two-thirds is now caused by the melting of land-based ice around the world — both processes that are clearly symptoms of global warming.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Though you won't find the phrase \"climate change\" in it, a new federal report finds that coastal flooding across the U.S. has doubled in just 30 years.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/news/coastal-communities-saw-record-number-of-high-tide-flooding-days-last-year\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">High-tide flooding\u003c/a> driven by climate change is breaking records on all coasts of the United States, occurring at twice the rate from just 30 years ago, according to a new federal \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/monitoring-content/sotc/national/2018/may/2017_State_of_US_High_Tide_Flooding.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as sea levels rise, coastal flooding will continue to break records over the next few decades at an accelerated rate, according to the \u003ca style=\"color: #41a62a\" href=\"http://www.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The U.S. average high tide flood frequency is now 50 percent greater since 2000 and 100 percent greater than it was 30 years ago,” the NOAA report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several cities faced more than 20 days of coastal flooding over the last year even outside of big storms. The top five cities that saw the highest number of flood days and broke records are Boston; Atlantic City, New Jersey; Sandy Hook, New Jersey; Sabine Pass, Texas; and Galveston, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, Sa\u003cspan class=\"highlight selected\">n Die\u003c/span>go established itself as the state’s coastal flooding hotspot with a record‐breaking 13 days of coastal flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency measured rates of high-tide flooding at 98 locations along the U.S. coastline. More than a quarter of the locations tied or broke their previous records, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As relative sea level increases, it no longer takes a strong storm or a hurricane to cause coastal high tide flooding,” the report said. “High tide flooding causes frequent road closures, overwhelmed storm drains, and compromised infrastructure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As noted in recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924579/like-it-or-not-the-water-is-coming-will-the-bay-area-defend-against-rising-seas-or-embrace-them\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports by KQED, \u003c/a>global warming could cause San Francisco Bay to rise 5 feet by 2100:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Now the state of California is warning nine Bay Area counties that climate change means the bay is rising faster. Extreme tides, whipped by storms, have become both more frequent and more extreme. California’s latest and best word on sea levels, a report issued last spring, \u003ca href=\"http://www.oceansciencetrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OST-Sea-Level-Rising-Report-Final_Amended.pdf\">predicts\u003c/a> that San Francisco Bay could rise from five to 15 times faster this century than the last one.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Despite all this, the NOAA report finds that some cities are ill-prepared for what’s to come. In Boston for instance, a recent city-backed study criticized a plan to protect the city from rising sea levels. From \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/06062018/coastal-flooding-data-sea-level-rise-climate-change-noaa-report-high-tide-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Inside Climate News\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Another proposal envisions a harbor-wide barrier system that would close during major storms and cost billions of dollars. But last week, a city-backed study \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/news/2018/05/30/boston-harbor-barrier-flooding-umass-study\">recommended against building a barrier\u003c/a>, saying the money would be better spent on smaller-scale measures, such as flood walls or green infrastructure.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And in New York City, a major coastal barrier that was planned for lower Manhattan has run into significant obstacles. Also from \u003ca href=\"https://insideclimatenews.org/news/06062018/coastal-flooding-data-sea-level-rise-climate-change-noaa-report-high-tide-risk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Inside Climate News:\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>New York, which also tied its record of 15 days of tidal flooding, has launched various initiatives…But a signature coastal project that would erect berms and walls to protect lower Manhattan—known as “The Big U”—has \u003ca href=\"https://www.wnyc.org/story/five-years-later-sandy-project-grinding/\">faced delays and been scaled back\u003c/a> due to its high costs.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>“Across the whole of the U.S. coastline, we are in dire need of action,” Ben Horton, a Rutgers University researcher,\u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/high-tide-flooding-in-the-u-s-is-twice-what-it-was-30-years-ago-noaa/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> told CBS news.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/capital-weather-gang/wp/2018/06/06/u-s-coastal-areas-flooded-more-than-ever-in-past-year-due-to-sea-level-rise-and-storms/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.027c47d21364\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washington Post\u003c/a> notes that nowhere in the NOAA report is the term “climate change” mentioned, something that has become a hallmark of the Trump administration:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Neither the announcement of the high-tide flooding record, the accompanying summary nor the technical report mention the words “climate change,” which scientists widely believe is the underlying cause of sea-level rise and the increasing tides.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a conference call this week, report co-author William Sweet of NOAA’s Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services, told reporters that a third of sea level rise is currently driven by thermal expansion of ocean water, and two-thirds is now caused by the melting of land-based ice around the world — both processes that are clearly symptoms of global warming.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Here are the latest results for statewide and local environmental measures in the Tuesday, June 5 election. [contextly_sidebar id=”eb4d011iERKs7EC9Sr4VsyAF9Bdehaqs”]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Statewide Measures \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>With 99.4 percent of statewide precincts reporting …\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924321/proposition-68-money-for-parks-beaches-and-water-projects\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 68: Money for Parks, Beaches, Water Projects\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Passed with 56 percent of the vote\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This measure allocates 4.1 billion dollars to improve crumbling infrastructure at state beaches and parks, and pay for water projects, such as groundwater cleanup, flood protection, and water recycling. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924223/proposition-70-who-decides-how-to-spend-california-climate-funds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 70: Who Decides How to Spend California Climate Funds\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Failed with 36 percent of the vote\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This measure, which landed on the ballot as the result of a political trade-off, requires a two-thirds vote of the legislature to release revenues from the state’s cap-and-trade program, which helps regulate greenhouse gas pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924022/prop-72-encourages-homeowners-to-capture-rainwater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 72: Capture Rainwater, Get a Tax Break\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Passed with 83 percent of the vote\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners who install rainwater catchment systems would not have to pay property taxes on the home improvement. The value of the rainwater system would be added into the home’s value when the home sells.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>San Francisco \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/441395/sf-voters-may-ban-vape-flavors-menthol-cigarettes\">Proposition E Would Ban Menthol Cigarettes, Vape Flavors\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Passed with 68 percent of the vote (100 percent of precincts reporting)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Proposition E would make San Francisco the first U.S. city to ban flavored tobacco products from all store shelves. This includes everything from gummi bear and other candy flavored e-cigarettes to conventional menthol smokes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cstrong>Foster City\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924576/measure-p-foster-citys-90-million-tax-to-defend-against-rising-seas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Measure P: Foster City’s $90 Million Tax to Defend Against Rising Seas\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Passed with 80 percent of the vote (15 of 15 precincts reporting)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just one thing stands between Foster City and the bay: an earthen levee. Voters in the San Mateo County city will decide whether to tax themselves to raise it, or run a higher risk of flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Napa Valley\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924151/measure-c-has-fiercely-divided-napas-wine-industry-heres-whats-at-stake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Measure C Has Fiercely Divided Napa’s Wine Industry. Here’s What’s At Stake\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Too close to call: Yes 7,188 No 7,148 (170 of 170 precincts reporting) \u003ca href=\"https://www.countyofnapa.org/DocumentCenter/View/8722/Final-Unofficial-Election-Night-Report---Primary-Election-06052018-1039pm-PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Latest results from Napa County here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A controversial environmental proposal in Napa County aims to protect oak woodlands and water quality by limiting how many trees can be cut to make room for vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "State voters approve money for parks, beaches and water projects; San Francisco passes flavored tobacco ban; and Foster City votes to tax itself $90 million to defend against rising seas. Plus more ...",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Here are the latest results for statewide and local environmental measures in the Tuesday, June 5 election. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Statewide Measures \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>With 99.4 percent of statewide precincts reporting …\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924321/proposition-68-money-for-parks-beaches-and-water-projects\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 68: Money for Parks, Beaches, Water Projects\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Passed with 56 percent of the vote\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This measure allocates 4.1 billion dollars to improve crumbling infrastructure at state beaches and parks, and pay for water projects, such as groundwater cleanup, flood protection, and water recycling. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924223/proposition-70-who-decides-how-to-spend-california-climate-funds\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 70: Who Decides How to Spend California Climate Funds\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Failed with 36 percent of the vote\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This measure, which landed on the ballot as the result of a political trade-off, requires a two-thirds vote of the legislature to release revenues from the state’s cap-and-trade program, which helps regulate greenhouse gas pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924022/prop-72-encourages-homeowners-to-capture-rainwater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 72: Capture Rainwater, Get a Tax Break\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Passed with 83 percent of the vote\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homeowners who install rainwater catchment systems would not have to pay property taxes on the home improvement. The value of the rainwater system would be added into the home’s value when the home sells.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>San Francisco \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/futureofyou/441395/sf-voters-may-ban-vape-flavors-menthol-cigarettes\">Proposition E Would Ban Menthol Cigarettes, Vape Flavors\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Passed with 68 percent of the vote (100 percent of precincts reporting)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left\">Proposition E would make San Francisco the first U.S. city to ban flavored tobacco products from all store shelves. This includes everything from gummi bear and other candy flavored e-cigarettes to conventional menthol smokes.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3 style=\"text-align: left\">\u003cstrong>Foster City\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924576/measure-p-foster-citys-90-million-tax-to-defend-against-rising-seas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Measure P: Foster City’s $90 Million Tax to Defend Against Rising Seas\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Passed with 80 percent of the vote (15 of 15 precincts reporting)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just one thing stands between Foster City and the bay: an earthen levee. Voters in the San Mateo County city will decide whether to tax themselves to raise it, or run a higher risk of flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Napa Valley\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924151/measure-c-has-fiercely-divided-napas-wine-industry-heres-whats-at-stake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Measure C Has Fiercely Divided Napa’s Wine Industry. Here’s What’s At Stake\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Too close to call: Yes 7,188 No 7,148 (170 of 170 precincts reporting) \u003ca href=\"https://www.countyofnapa.org/DocumentCenter/View/8722/Final-Unofficial-Election-Night-Report---Primary-Election-06052018-1039pm-PDF\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Latest results from Napa County here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A controversial environmental proposal in Napa County aims to protect oak woodlands and water quality by limiting how many trees can be cut to make room for vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Measure P: Foster City Overwhelmingly Votes for $90 Million Tax to Defend Against Rising Seas",
"headTitle": "Measure P: Foster City Overwhelmingly Votes for $90 Million Tax to Defend Against Rising Seas | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>UPDATE: Voters overwhelmingly approved Foster City Measure P by a roughly 80-20 margin, in one of the first major tests of a community’s willingness to tax itself to gird against climate change impacts.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only thing between Foster City and the salty San Francisco Bay is an earthen wall, eight miles long, fronted with crushed up concrete and riprap to defend against the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Foster City is the canary in the coal mine for the Bay Area.’\u003ccite>Mark Stacey, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On one level, the San Mateo County suburb’s voters face a straightforward choice about this levee on the June 5 ballot: whether to tax themselves to raise it, or run a higher risk of flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1920819/treasure-island-is-sinking-as-seas-are-rising-and-so-are-other-bay-area-cities\">new reports of sinking land\u003c/a> and rising seas, Foster City’s Measure P also offers the Bay Area’s first example for what one bayfront community is willing to do against the threat of climate-induced flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Foster City is the canary in the coal mine for the Bay Area,” says UC Berkeley environmental engineering professor Mark Stacey, \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/mark-stacey\">who has studied sea level rise in the bay\u003c/a>. “They’re facing an immediate decision on what to do with their shorelines.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Foster City’s Risk of Flooding\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Manager Jeff Moneda stands atop Foster City’s levee — it’s 13 feet above sea level — and looks down across Beach Park Boulevard at homes with a bayfront view, some worth millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They would receive the direct impact first if levees were to be breached,” Moneda says. Behind them, he says all of Foster City is “pretty much” at sea level: once water got in, it would stay on low land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924708\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2496px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924708\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2496\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1.jpg 2496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2496px) 100vw, 2496px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Riprap and earth stand between San Francisco Bay and Foster City. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like other vulnerable places, Foster City has always possessed a mechanical and engineered defense against water; here, a man-made lagoon, connected to the bay, is its central component. When storms are on the way, the public works department lowers the lagoon to ready it for more water, and pumps what’s collected out to the bay. But Moneda says changing conditions would test the system by which the city manages water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If sea level were to rise to where the levee is breached,” he says, “the pumps could definitely not keep up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Risk to private property isn’t the only reason city leaders are seeking support for Measure P. Moneda points to Foster City’s water and emergency systems, also right here at sea level: they could flood too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”gznrjQjhtM0anBFX9T1jHEA7c1fklU7M”]“Flushing their toilets, drinking water, ability to take a shower. All of those would be compromised. And then electricity of course,” Moneda says. “The essentials to function on a day-to-day basis would definitely be affected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a concern for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The agency has been remapping the region to assess the true risk of flood, in part because of climate change. Four years ago, FEMA notified Foster City leaders that the odds of water surging over this levee in a storm are too high, and this levee is far too low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless the city has a solution underway by fall, FEMA intends to declare the area a flood hazard zone. Homeowners with federally-backed mortgages or risk-averse lenders would have to buy flood insurance. Some fear that with a flood hazard disclosure, property values could drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The essentials to function on a day-to-day basis would definitely be affected.’\u003ccite>Jeff Moneda, City Manager, Foster City\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, raising the levee to meet FEMA requirements draws the attention of the Bay Conservation Development Commission, which has authority over the first hundred feet inland for all four hundred miles of bay shoreline. The BCDC requires consideration of sea level rise in proposed developments; Foster City did that by hiring consultants, who recommended planning for 2 feet of sea level rise within 32 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the city proposes to sink steel reinforcements in bay mud to raise the levee up to 8 feet higher, to meet FEMA’s flood requirements, and BCDC’s development guidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure P would authorize Foster City to purchase $90 million in bonds, and pay for them with a special tax of about $40 per $100,000 in property valuation. If you bought a house there today at the market average, you’d be looking at another $560 a year in taxes. The city contrasts that with the cost of flood insurance inside a special hazard zone; Moneda says officials called local insurance agents and priced that at $3,000 a year or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924585\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2496px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418.jpeg\" alt=\"City Manager Jeff Moneda, standing on a levee.\" width=\"2496\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418.jpeg 2496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2496px) 100vw, 2496px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">City Manager Jeff Moneda shows how high the city’s new levee needs to be to cope with sea level rise. Foster City voters will decide whether to raise the bayfront levee up to 8 feet higher, at a cost of $90 million. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The levee improvement is the only option,” says Moneda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What One City’s Wall Means to Another\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one “hardened” piece of shore changes how waves and tides move throughout the bay, says UC Berkeley’s Mark Stacey. Seawalls and levees fortified with riprap reflect wave energy back into the bay and keep water from spreading inland. That raises water levels everywhere. As seas rise, Stacey says more walls along one part of the bay could promote more flooding in another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One levee in Foster City is small scale. “But if San Mateo acts next in this way and Redwood Shores acts after that,” Stacey says, “And if each of these communities are individually and incrementally pursuing this path, that’s when you start to see the regional impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities along the southern edge of San Francisco Bay are watching what happens with Measure P: some, because they share an interest in funding pumps and walls, and others, nervously.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘This is a big jump. So maybe it’s just too big a leap for the public to swallow. We’ll find out.’\u003ccite>Bob Cushman, Foster City resident\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In a comment letter about the proposal to raise the Foster City levee, Alameda County’s Flood Control District \u003ca href=\"https://www.fostercity.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/community_development/page/4961/fc-levee-rtc_final.pdf\">has argued that\u003c/a> “[i]mpacts from the Foster City levee modifications may or may not be small, but the cumulative impacts of Foster City’s Project combined with other future shoreline projects around the San Francisco Bay will exacerbate these effects on others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda officials and other critics of the proposal also question whether one city should lead policy on climate change, when a regional, national, or even international response may be more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They include former city leaders and the son of Foster City’s namesake, \u003ca href=\"http://www.samceda.org/san-mateo-county-economic-development/samceda-board/t-jack-foster-jr\">T. Jack Foster, Jr.\u003c/a>, himself one of the original developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is This Necessary, or an Overreaction?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Fosters \u003ca href=\"https://www.xlibris.com/bookstore/bookdetail.aspx?bookid=SKU-0118054049\">arrived\u003c/a>, this land was Brewer Island, named for the farmer who levied off marshlands around 1900 to create hay for cattle, while nearby, salt dried in flats for the Leslie Salt company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fosters bought 3000 acres of land, dried it out, and dumped another 18 million cubic yards of sand and fill on top of it. Now 89, T. Jack Foster, Jr., doesn’t accept the conclusion that sea level rise is happening fast. And he says in development, they planned for some land to sink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, after 50 years, if I’m asked what I would do different, I’d say not one single thing,” Foster, Junior, says. “I’m so proud of the way everything’s turned out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says FEMA’s wrong, and that Foster City is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The aesthetic damage it does, you can put up with a certain amount of that if you get some benefit otherwise,” he says, about a higher levee. “But I don’t see any benefit at this time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a home on Foster’s lagoon, longtime resident Bob Cushman also opposes Measure P.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Jack Foster was a genius when he designed [this place],” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lagoon curves behind his home in the Admirals neighborhood: glassy, dyed blue-green. Cushman’s back deck view is man-made, and he loves it. In the 1990s, he and his wife worked hard to get it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After church every Sunday we drove through this neighborhood for two years,” Cushman says. “And we finally saw a stake in the front yard there: for sale by owner. We stopped and bought the house. We were so lucky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cushman’s got several objections to Measure P. For one thing, he says, Foster City is sitting on tens of millions of dollars, money already in city coffers that could contribute to the cost of higher levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For another, he points out that the city’s made it through high water before, and he credits the engineered defense offered by the levee, the pumps, and the lagoon for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while he does think climate change merits some response by Foster City, he wonders if up to eight feet of additional levee is an overreaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big jump,” Cushman says. “So maybe it’s just too big a leap for the public to swallow. We’ll find out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In one of the first major tests of a community's willingness to tax itself to gird against climate change, the measure passed by roughly 80-20 percent.",
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"description": "In one of the first major tests of a community's willingness to tax itself to gird against climate change, the measure passed by roughly 80-20 percent.",
"title": "Measure P: Foster City Overwhelmingly Votes for $90 Million Tax to Defend Against Rising Seas | KQED",
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"headline": "Measure P: Foster City Overwhelmingly Votes for $90 Million Tax to Defend Against Rising Seas",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>UPDATE: Voters overwhelmingly approved Foster City Measure P by a roughly 80-20 margin, in one of the first major tests of a community’s willingness to tax itself to gird against climate change impacts.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only thing between Foster City and the salty San Francisco Bay is an earthen wall, eight miles long, fronted with crushed up concrete and riprap to defend against the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Foster City is the canary in the coal mine for the Bay Area.’\u003ccite>Mark Stacey, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On one level, the San Mateo County suburb’s voters face a straightforward choice about this levee on the June 5 ballot: whether to tax themselves to raise it, or run a higher risk of flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1920819/treasure-island-is-sinking-as-seas-are-rising-and-so-are-other-bay-area-cities\">new reports of sinking land\u003c/a> and rising seas, Foster City’s Measure P also offers the Bay Area’s first example for what one bayfront community is willing to do against the threat of climate-induced flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Foster City is the canary in the coal mine for the Bay Area,” says UC Berkeley environmental engineering professor Mark Stacey, \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/mark-stacey\">who has studied sea level rise in the bay\u003c/a>. “They’re facing an immediate decision on what to do with their shorelines.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Foster City’s Risk of Flooding\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Manager Jeff Moneda stands atop Foster City’s levee — it’s 13 feet above sea level — and looks down across Beach Park Boulevard at homes with a bayfront view, some worth millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They would receive the direct impact first if levees were to be breached,” Moneda says. Behind them, he says all of Foster City is “pretty much” at sea level: once water got in, it would stay on low land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924708\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2496px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924708\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2496\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1.jpg 2496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2496px) 100vw, 2496px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Riprap and earth stand between San Francisco Bay and Foster City. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like other vulnerable places, Foster City has always possessed a mechanical and engineered defense against water; here, a man-made lagoon, connected to the bay, is its central component. When storms are on the way, the public works department lowers the lagoon to ready it for more water, and pumps what’s collected out to the bay. But Moneda says changing conditions would test the system by which the city manages water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If sea level were to rise to where the levee is breached,” he says, “the pumps could definitely not keep up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Risk to private property isn’t the only reason city leaders are seeking support for Measure P. Moneda points to Foster City’s water and emergency systems, also right here at sea level: they could flood too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“Flushing their toilets, drinking water, ability to take a shower. All of those would be compromised. And then electricity of course,” Moneda says. “The essentials to function on a day-to-day basis would definitely be affected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a concern for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The agency has been remapping the region to assess the true risk of flood, in part because of climate change. Four years ago, FEMA notified Foster City leaders that the odds of water surging over this levee in a storm are too high, and this levee is far too low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless the city has a solution underway by fall, FEMA intends to declare the area a flood hazard zone. Homeowners with federally-backed mortgages or risk-averse lenders would have to buy flood insurance. Some fear that with a flood hazard disclosure, property values could drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The essentials to function on a day-to-day basis would definitely be affected.’\u003ccite>Jeff Moneda, City Manager, Foster City\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, raising the levee to meet FEMA requirements draws the attention of the Bay Conservation Development Commission, which has authority over the first hundred feet inland for all four hundred miles of bay shoreline. The BCDC requires consideration of sea level rise in proposed developments; Foster City did that by hiring consultants, who recommended planning for 2 feet of sea level rise within 32 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the city proposes to sink steel reinforcements in bay mud to raise the levee up to 8 feet higher, to meet FEMA’s flood requirements, and BCDC’s development guidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure P would authorize Foster City to purchase $90 million in bonds, and pay for them with a special tax of about $40 per $100,000 in property valuation. If you bought a house there today at the market average, you’d be looking at another $560 a year in taxes. The city contrasts that with the cost of flood insurance inside a special hazard zone; Moneda says officials called local insurance agents and priced that at $3,000 a year or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924585\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2496px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418.jpeg\" alt=\"City Manager Jeff Moneda, standing on a levee.\" width=\"2496\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418.jpeg 2496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2496px) 100vw, 2496px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">City Manager Jeff Moneda shows how high the city’s new levee needs to be to cope with sea level rise. Foster City voters will decide whether to raise the bayfront levee up to 8 feet higher, at a cost of $90 million. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The levee improvement is the only option,” says Moneda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What One City’s Wall Means to Another\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one “hardened” piece of shore changes how waves and tides move throughout the bay, says UC Berkeley’s Mark Stacey. Seawalls and levees fortified with riprap reflect wave energy back into the bay and keep water from spreading inland. That raises water levels everywhere. As seas rise, Stacey says more walls along one part of the bay could promote more flooding in another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One levee in Foster City is small scale. “But if San Mateo acts next in this way and Redwood Shores acts after that,” Stacey says, “And if each of these communities are individually and incrementally pursuing this path, that’s when you start to see the regional impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities along the southern edge of San Francisco Bay are watching what happens with Measure P: some, because they share an interest in funding pumps and walls, and others, nervously.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘This is a big jump. So maybe it’s just too big a leap for the public to swallow. We’ll find out.’\u003ccite>Bob Cushman, Foster City resident\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In a comment letter about the proposal to raise the Foster City levee, Alameda County’s Flood Control District \u003ca href=\"https://www.fostercity.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/community_development/page/4961/fc-levee-rtc_final.pdf\">has argued that\u003c/a> “[i]mpacts from the Foster City levee modifications may or may not be small, but the cumulative impacts of Foster City’s Project combined with other future shoreline projects around the San Francisco Bay will exacerbate these effects on others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda officials and other critics of the proposal also question whether one city should lead policy on climate change, when a regional, national, or even international response may be more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They include former city leaders and the son of Foster City’s namesake, \u003ca href=\"http://www.samceda.org/san-mateo-county-economic-development/samceda-board/t-jack-foster-jr\">T. Jack Foster, Jr.\u003c/a>, himself one of the original developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is This Necessary, or an Overreaction?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Fosters \u003ca href=\"https://www.xlibris.com/bookstore/bookdetail.aspx?bookid=SKU-0118054049\">arrived\u003c/a>, this land was Brewer Island, named for the farmer who levied off marshlands around 1900 to create hay for cattle, while nearby, salt dried in flats for the Leslie Salt company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fosters bought 3000 acres of land, dried it out, and dumped another 18 million cubic yards of sand and fill on top of it. Now 89, T. Jack Foster, Jr., doesn’t accept the conclusion that sea level rise is happening fast. And he says in development, they planned for some land to sink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, after 50 years, if I’m asked what I would do different, I’d say not one single thing,” Foster, Junior, says. “I’m so proud of the way everything’s turned out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says FEMA’s wrong, and that Foster City is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The aesthetic damage it does, you can put up with a certain amount of that if you get some benefit otherwise,” he says, about a higher levee. “But I don’t see any benefit at this time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a home on Foster’s lagoon, longtime resident Bob Cushman also opposes Measure P.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Jack Foster was a genius when he designed [this place],” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lagoon curves behind his home in the Admirals neighborhood: glassy, dyed blue-green. Cushman’s back deck view is man-made, and he loves it. In the 1990s, he and his wife worked hard to get it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After church every Sunday we drove through this neighborhood for two years,” Cushman says. “And we finally saw a stake in the front yard there: for sale by owner. We stopped and bought the house. We were so lucky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cushman’s got several objections to Measure P. For one thing, he says, Foster City is sitting on tens of millions of dollars, money already in city coffers that could contribute to the cost of higher levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For another, he points out that the city’s made it through high water before, and he credits the engineered defense offered by the levee, the pumps, and the lagoon for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while he does think climate change merits some response by Foster City, he wonders if up to eight feet of additional levee is an overreaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big jump,” Cushman says. “So maybe it’s just too big a leap for the public to swallow. We’ll find out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Proposition 70: Voters Reject New Constraints on State's Climate Revenue Spending",
"headTitle": "Proposition 70: Voters Reject New Constraints on State’s Climate Revenue Spending | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Proposition 70 is about money raised by California’s cap-and-trade program to control climate emissions. Under that program, industries buy permits at a state auction allowing them to emit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Prop 70 changes who gets a say in spending the money from those auctions.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UPDATE: Prop 70 went down to defeat on Election Day with more than 63 percent of voters casting “No” votes (92 percent of precincts reporting, statewide as of June 6).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What You Need to Know About Proposition 70\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Creates a new temporary “reserve” fund to collect revenue from the sale of cap-and-trade permits, starting in 2024.\u003cbr>\n• Requires a one-time, two-thirds vote of the legislature to release money from the special reserve.\u003cbr>\n• If the two-thirds “supermajority” isn’t achieved, the funds remain locked up until it is.\u003cbr>\n• An unrelated provision temporarily suspends a sales tax exemption for certain manufacturing equipment, until the reserve funds are released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Did It Get on the Ballot?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_70,_Vote_Requirement_to_Use_Cap-and-Trade_Revenue_Amendment_(June_2018)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put Prop 70\u003c/a> on the ballot \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11560541/heres-whats-in-the-deal-to-extend-californias-cap-and-trade-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">after extending\u003c/a> the state’s cap-and-trade program to 2030 (original legislation expires in 2020).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Support It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown supports it, reportedly as part of a trade-off for Republican votes to extend cap-and-trade another ten years, to 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Chamber of Commerce, which previously sued to block cap and trade, supports Prop 70, as the measure’s passage would give conservative lawmakers some measure of control over how cap-and-trade revenues are spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Oppose It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High-profile Democrats, such as billionaire environmentalist \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Thomas_Steyer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom Steyer, \u003c/a>and most mainstream environmental groups are opposed, claiming it will create “gridlock” in deploying cap-and-trade revenues where they are needed. California abandoned its supermajority threshold to pass annual budgets because of recurring gridlock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who Gains — Who Loses?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Auctioning cap-and-trade permits raises billions of dollars for the state. Passage of Prop 70 could slow down the flow of money from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Reserve Fund to programs aimed at reducing climate emissions. Some of these programs count on cap-and-trade money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=70&year=2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">treasury would see a windfall\u003c/a> of an estimated $260 million per year of additional revenue with suspension of the manufacturing sales tax exemption\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Proposition 70 is about money raised by California’s cap-and-trade program to control climate emissions. Under that program, industries buy permits at a state auction allowing them to emit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Prop 70 changes who gets a say in spending the money from those auctions.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UPDATE: Prop 70 went down to defeat on Election Day with more than 63 percent of voters casting “No” votes (92 percent of precincts reporting, statewide as of June 6).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What You Need to Know About Proposition 70\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Creates a new temporary “reserve” fund to collect revenue from the sale of cap-and-trade permits, starting in 2024.\u003cbr>\n• Requires a one-time, two-thirds vote of the legislature to release money from the special reserve.\u003cbr>\n• If the two-thirds “supermajority” isn’t achieved, the funds remain locked up until it is.\u003cbr>\n• An unrelated provision temporarily suspends a sales tax exemption for certain manufacturing equipment, until the reserve funds are released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Did It Get on the Ballot?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_70,_Vote_Requirement_to_Use_Cap-and-Trade_Revenue_Amendment_(June_2018)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put Prop 70\u003c/a> on the ballot \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11560541/heres-whats-in-the-deal-to-extend-californias-cap-and-trade-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">after extending\u003c/a> the state’s cap-and-trade program to 2030 (original legislation expires in 2020).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Support It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown supports it, reportedly as part of a trade-off for Republican votes to extend cap-and-trade another ten years, to 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Chamber of Commerce, which previously sued to block cap and trade, supports Prop 70, as the measure’s passage would give conservative lawmakers some measure of control over how cap-and-trade revenues are spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Oppose It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High-profile Democrats, such as billionaire environmentalist \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Thomas_Steyer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom Steyer, \u003c/a>and most mainstream environmental groups are opposed, claiming it will create “gridlock” in deploying cap-and-trade revenues where they are needed. California abandoned its supermajority threshold to pass annual budgets because of recurring gridlock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who Gains — Who Loses?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Auctioning cap-and-trade permits raises billions of dollars for the state. Passage of Prop 70 could slow down the flow of money from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Reserve Fund to programs aimed at reducing climate emissions. Some of these programs count on cap-and-trade money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=70&year=2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">treasury would see a windfall\u003c/a> of an estimated $260 million per year of additional revenue with suspension of the manufacturing sales tax exemption\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Emergency Drought Assistance Will Be Needed in California for Years",
"headTitle": "Emergency Drought Assistance Will Be Needed in California for Years | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Just how long interim funding will play a central role in responding to water issues depends on implementing long-term solutions to contamination and groundwater depletion.[contextly_sidebar id=”RECFKp62RemKw6pqALAtPaHW45iqB1mz”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown declared the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article143321754.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">end of California’s five-year\u003c/a> drought in April 2017 after a wet winter replenished shrinking reservoirs. But the lingering impact of the drought, especially on \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/07/05/the-california-drought-isnt-over-it-just-went-underground\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">groundwater supplies\u003c/a>, means some \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article210334889.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">still rely\u003c/a> on emergency water tanks while they wait for long-term solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is particularly true in the San Joaquin Valley, where more than 300 domestic well users whose taps have run dry continue to use tanks provided by the state through a program originally slated to end in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the help of emergency funding requested by Assembly member Joaquin Arambula (D-Kingsberg), whose largely rural district is in the valley, the emergency water supply program will likely continue another year at a cost of $3.5 million. Also included in the emergency relief efforts is $10 million to address failing domestic wells and septic tanks, and $10 million for the Drinking Water for Schools Program that funds treatment solutions for schools that struggle with contamination. New state regulations for contaminants like lead and carcinogen \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/08/10/californias-plan-to-tackle-a-carcinogen-widespread-in-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1,2,3-trichloropropane\u003c/a>mean schools will need more money to meet safe drinking water standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are parts of my community that lack access to the basic necessities for life,” said Arambula. He said he frequently encountered patients without access to clean water in his work as an emergency room doctor in the Fresno County city of Selma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate and Assembly budget committees approved the request and it’s now part of final budget negotiations. As with other line items, the Legislature could still vote to remove the requested money from the budget package before it is finalized.[contextly_sidebar id=”rTS7Qo1UysRSxJOjG7XIGWxrdw8hmef4″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money partially bridges a gap in critical services for a group of California residents who lack access to clean water. November analysis by PPIC Water Center estimated \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/blog/information-gaps-hinder-progress-safe-drinking-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about 500,000 people\u003c/a> in the state get their water from a system not compliant with safe drinking water standards. That number does not include people who rely on domestic wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the need this funding addresses won’t disappear entirely by the middle of 2019 when the next budget year starts and that’s because many of the problems are related to groundwater overdraft. The state now has more than 20 groundwater basins that are deemed “critically overdrafted.” The San Joaquin Valley is particularly hard-hit and many communities there are entirely reliant on groundwater. As farmers dug deeper wells to keep up with a falling aquifer during the drought, many shallower domestic and community wells were left high and dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.selfhelpenterprises.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Self-Help Enterprises\u003c/a>, which administers emergency water tank and well-drilling programs in the San Joaquin Valley, says about 320 of its clients still use water tanks. The organization anticipates that number will decline to around 220 by the end of June as many households start using newly drilled wells. These clients represent a large proportion of those in the state who rely on the tanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn aligncenter\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180605025925/Was89628331.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\">A sign reading “no water” and indicating the number of people living inside is seen posted on a house in Porterville, California, in September 2015. (Josh Edelson/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>During the drought, the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/water-tanks-are-a-way-of-life-in-california-community-during-drought/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">started providing tanks\u003c/a> for free to residents who rely on domestic wells that ran dry. A water truck comes at regular intervals to the residents’ properties to fill the receptacles at no cost. Nonprofits like Self-Help, as well as some counties, administer the tank program and distribute state-funded loans and grants to drill new wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’ll be able to really end the tank program this coming year, barring some other extreme circumstance,” said Self-Help community development manager Jessi Snyder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she said the need for new wells will continue in coming years. More applications for help are coming in, Snyder said; hundreds who have requested applications have not completed and returned them yet. Still, the pace of work has slowed down. At the peak of the drought in 2015, Self-Help was seeing around 15–20 requests per week, said Self-Help program director Susan Long. That number has gone down to 10 a month but there is still a backlog. “You just couldn’t get a well driller to respond at the height of the drought,” said Snyder.[contextly_sidebar id=”NDlBpqRRgRdVTS8IDpzUssh2lNOHIp11″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in the organization’s service area who have not sought help may also be in precarious situations, with wells that may be close to running dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a long-term solution that should mitigate the drying up of wells. Groundwater management plans implemented as part of the rollout of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/04/09/californias-groundwater-rule-could-mean-opportunities-not-penalties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/a> are intended to prevent excessive pumping of groundwater. But the law, passed in 2014, doesn’t require plans to be in place until 2020, and then it will take years for it to start tangibly impacting groundwater levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve taken decades to get into this situation, and it’s going to take us a couple decades to get out of it, I think,” said Snyder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the interim the state is also pushing consolidation, where those with failed wells or unsafe septic systems are connected to nearby systems in working order. Residents living close enough to larger water or sewage systems may feasibly be able to connect to them, and the funding Arambula has requested can also help with that. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/thousands-san-joaquin-valley-have-unsafe-drinking-water-clean-water-close/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of California, Davis study\u003c/a> found that two-thirds of residents in disadvantaged San Joaquin Valley communities without safe drinking water lived within a mile of a system meeting clean water requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn aligncenter\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180605030041/900_08_us_ca_81_2461.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">A water well being drilled in an almond orchard in California’s San Joaquin Valley. Drought has increased groundwater pumping, causing shallower wells to run dry. (Citizens of the Planet/Education Images/UIG via Getty Images)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But consolidation comes with unknowns: pending legislation and expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two bills, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 2501\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1215\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 1215\u003c/a>, would explicitly expand the state’s authority to force absorption of domestic wells and septic tanks into nearby larger systems that function properly. A law already passed, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB88\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 88\u003c/a>, allows the state to step in and mandate consolidation of community water systems under some circumstances. The idea is to extend the benefits of larger systems’ economies of scale to areas with smaller systems that lack resources and often have little hope of building those systems up given small ratepayer bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the new bills don’t pass, there will be no guarantee that people who rely on their own private drinking water and septic systems have a chance of connecting to larger, higher-quality systems.[contextly_sidebar id=”Wwk5toOnLJKzUvWItkUjpKvEu76zBFTM”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with implementation of groundwater management plans, consolidation won’t happen quickly. “You are looking at a couple years” in many cases to account for coordination and engineering work, said Phoebe Seaton, codirector of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.leadershipcounsel.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability\u003c/a>, which sponsored the latest consolidation bills. Incremental solutions, such as emergency water supplies and drilling new wells, are needed in the interim. “At this point, the emergency piece is critical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the cost. Jennifer Clary, a water policy and legislative analyst for the environmental advocacy group \u003ca href=\"https://www.cleanwateraction.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Water Action\u003c/a>, said a single new connection to an existing drinking water system could cost between $5,000 and $10,000 depending on how much infrastructure it requires. Connecting an entire community of domestic well users would be more expensive. The $10 million requested for dealing with dry wells and failing septic systems “would be helpful, but would not make an appreciable dent in the backlog of projects,” said Clary.[contextly_sidebar id=”drhj3aVoxuNv5sLqX48MeIukVNTt4arI”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Clary, Seaton and others working on water justice issues in California have pushed a long-term funding mechanism. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/05/08/california-considers-charge-on-utility-bills-to-create-safe-water-fund\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Safe and Affordable Drinking Water Fund\u003c/a> would create a dedicated supply of around $140 million, annually, for a broad range of water quality efforts including not only treatment of water in schools and consolidation but also ongoing costs of treatment for struggling water systems too remote to consolidate. The fund is included in Governor Jerry Brown’s budget as a trailer bill, and may undergo changes before the final budget faces a vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the trailer bill passes in the budget as proposed, it will still take time for the fund to accumulate. That means the money wouldn’t be immediately available, said Snyder. Which means emergency water needs could still require short-term funding solutions, such as those in Arambula’s request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe we need temporary relief until we can get to a long-term solution, and we’ll continue to figure out how we can get to those longer-term solutions,” said Arambula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/06/05/why-emergency-drought-assistance-will-be-needed-in-california-for-years\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Just how long interim funding will play a central role in responding to water issues depends on implementing long-term solutions to contamination and groundwater depletion.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Just how long interim funding will play a central role in responding to water issues depends on implementing long-term solutions to contamination and groundwater depletion.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown declared the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article143321754.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">end of California’s five-year\u003c/a> drought in April 2017 after a wet winter replenished shrinking reservoirs. But the lingering impact of the drought, especially on \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/07/05/the-california-drought-isnt-over-it-just-went-underground\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">groundwater supplies\u003c/a>, means some \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article210334889.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">still rely\u003c/a> on emergency water tanks while they wait for long-term solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is particularly true in the San Joaquin Valley, where more than 300 domestic well users whose taps have run dry continue to use tanks provided by the state through a program originally slated to end in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the help of emergency funding requested by Assembly member Joaquin Arambula (D-Kingsberg), whose largely rural district is in the valley, the emergency water supply program will likely continue another year at a cost of $3.5 million. Also included in the emergency relief efforts is $10 million to address failing domestic wells and septic tanks, and $10 million for the Drinking Water for Schools Program that funds treatment solutions for schools that struggle with contamination. New state regulations for contaminants like lead and carcinogen \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/08/10/californias-plan-to-tackle-a-carcinogen-widespread-in-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1,2,3-trichloropropane\u003c/a>mean schools will need more money to meet safe drinking water standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are parts of my community that lack access to the basic necessities for life,” said Arambula. He said he frequently encountered patients without access to clean water in his work as an emergency room doctor in the Fresno County city of Selma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate and Assembly budget committees approved the request and it’s now part of final budget negotiations. As with other line items, the Legislature could still vote to remove the requested money from the budget package before it is finalized.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money partially bridges a gap in critical services for a group of California residents who lack access to clean water. November analysis by PPIC Water Center estimated \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/blog/information-gaps-hinder-progress-safe-drinking-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about 500,000 people\u003c/a> in the state get their water from a system not compliant with safe drinking water standards. That number does not include people who rely on domestic wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the need this funding addresses won’t disappear entirely by the middle of 2019 when the next budget year starts and that’s because many of the problems are related to groundwater overdraft. The state now has more than 20 groundwater basins that are deemed “critically overdrafted.” The San Joaquin Valley is particularly hard-hit and many communities there are entirely reliant on groundwater. As farmers dug deeper wells to keep up with a falling aquifer during the drought, many shallower domestic and community wells were left high and dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.selfhelpenterprises.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Self-Help Enterprises\u003c/a>, which administers emergency water tank and well-drilling programs in the San Joaquin Valley, says about 320 of its clients still use water tanks. The organization anticipates that number will decline to around 220 by the end of June as many households start using newly drilled wells. These clients represent a large proportion of those in the state who rely on the tanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn aligncenter\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180605025925/Was89628331.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\">A sign reading “no water” and indicating the number of people living inside is seen posted on a house in Porterville, California, in September 2015. (Josh Edelson/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>During the drought, the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/water-tanks-are-a-way-of-life-in-california-community-during-drought/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">started providing tanks\u003c/a> for free to residents who rely on domestic wells that ran dry. A water truck comes at regular intervals to the residents’ properties to fill the receptacles at no cost. Nonprofits like Self-Help, as well as some counties, administer the tank program and distribute state-funded loans and grants to drill new wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’ll be able to really end the tank program this coming year, barring some other extreme circumstance,” said Self-Help community development manager Jessi Snyder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she said the need for new wells will continue in coming years. More applications for help are coming in, Snyder said; hundreds who have requested applications have not completed and returned them yet. Still, the pace of work has slowed down. At the peak of the drought in 2015, Self-Help was seeing around 15–20 requests per week, said Self-Help program director Susan Long. That number has gone down to 10 a month but there is still a backlog. “You just couldn’t get a well driller to respond at the height of the drought,” said Snyder.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in the organization’s service area who have not sought help may also be in precarious situations, with wells that may be close to running dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a long-term solution that should mitigate the drying up of wells. Groundwater management plans implemented as part of the rollout of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/04/09/californias-groundwater-rule-could-mean-opportunities-not-penalties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/a> are intended to prevent excessive pumping of groundwater. But the law, passed in 2014, doesn’t require plans to be in place until 2020, and then it will take years for it to start tangibly impacting groundwater levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve taken decades to get into this situation, and it’s going to take us a couple decades to get out of it, I think,” said Snyder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the interim the state is also pushing consolidation, where those with failed wells or unsafe septic systems are connected to nearby systems in working order. Residents living close enough to larger water or sewage systems may feasibly be able to connect to them, and the funding Arambula has requested can also help with that. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/thousands-san-joaquin-valley-have-unsafe-drinking-water-clean-water-close/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of California, Davis study\u003c/a> found that two-thirds of residents in disadvantaged San Joaquin Valley communities without safe drinking water lived within a mile of a system meeting clean water requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn aligncenter\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180605030041/900_08_us_ca_81_2461.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">A water well being drilled in an almond orchard in California’s San Joaquin Valley. Drought has increased groundwater pumping, causing shallower wells to run dry. (Citizens of the Planet/Education Images/UIG via Getty Images)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But consolidation comes with unknowns: pending legislation and expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two bills, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 2501\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1215\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 1215\u003c/a>, would explicitly expand the state’s authority to force absorption of domestic wells and septic tanks into nearby larger systems that function properly. A law already passed, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB88\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 88\u003c/a>, allows the state to step in and mandate consolidation of community water systems under some circumstances. The idea is to extend the benefits of larger systems’ economies of scale to areas with smaller systems that lack resources and often have little hope of building those systems up given small ratepayer bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the new bills don’t pass, there will be no guarantee that people who rely on their own private drinking water and septic systems have a chance of connecting to larger, higher-quality systems.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with implementation of groundwater management plans, consolidation won’t happen quickly. “You are looking at a couple years” in many cases to account for coordination and engineering work, said Phoebe Seaton, codirector of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.leadershipcounsel.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability\u003c/a>, which sponsored the latest consolidation bills. Incremental solutions, such as emergency water supplies and drilling new wells, are needed in the interim. “At this point, the emergency piece is critical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the cost. Jennifer Clary, a water policy and legislative analyst for the environmental advocacy group \u003ca href=\"https://www.cleanwateraction.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Water Action\u003c/a>, said a single new connection to an existing drinking water system could cost between $5,000 and $10,000 depending on how much infrastructure it requires. Connecting an entire community of domestic well users would be more expensive. The $10 million requested for dealing with dry wells and failing septic systems “would be helpful, but would not make an appreciable dent in the backlog of projects,” said Clary.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Clary, Seaton and others working on water justice issues in California have pushed a long-term funding mechanism. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/05/08/california-considers-charge-on-utility-bills-to-create-safe-water-fund\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Safe and Affordable Drinking Water Fund\u003c/a> would create a dedicated supply of around $140 million, annually, for a broad range of water quality efforts including not only treatment of water in schools and consolidation but also ongoing costs of treatment for struggling water systems too remote to consolidate. The fund is included in Governor Jerry Brown’s budget as a trailer bill, and may undergo changes before the final budget faces a vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the trailer bill passes in the budget as proposed, it will still take time for the fund to accumulate. That means the money wouldn’t be immediately available, said Snyder. Which means emergency water needs could still require short-term funding solutions, such as those in Arambula’s request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe we need temporary relief until we can get to a long-term solution, and we’ll continue to figure out how we can get to those longer-term solutions,” said Arambula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/06/05/why-emergency-drought-assistance-will-be-needed-in-california-for-years\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Another Danger from Overpumping Groundwater: Arsenic",
"headTitle": "Another Danger from Overpumping Groundwater: Arsenic | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Sinking land caused by intensive groundwater pumping in the San Joaquin Valley is releasing trapped arsenic — a known carcinogen — into aquifers that supply irrigation and drinking water for a million people, according to a new study published Tuesday in the journal \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/ncomms/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature Communications\u003c/a>. [contextly_sidebar id=”e2HtgwYSiGvYqi4LXO5efN9lFOy4H4pN”]\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arsenic, a naturally occurring chemical in the Earth’s crust, is undetectable by the human senses and has been linked to a host of diseases including heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Researchers at Stanford University say residents should be concerned about arsenic levels in their water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Arsenic is associated with the clay layers in the groundwater system from which they pump their water,” says study co-author Rosemary J. Knight, a professor of geophysics at Stanford. “Overpumping is going to release that arsenic, and there has been significant overpumping during the recent droughts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwlandsubside.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">link\u003c/a> between subsidence (or sinking land) and pumping of fresh water from underground is well-established, according to the US Geological Survey. A previous study led by Knight found that one way of \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6810\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reducing the negative impact\u003c/a> of extracting water from the clay layers is for farmers to pull water from more shallow sand and gravel layers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knight added that residents who obtain their water from a private domestic well in an area that has experienced subsidence are wise to get the water checked for arsenic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers examined arsenic levels in hundreds of wells in San Joaquin Valley’s Tulare basin during two drought periods. They found that in areas where land sank more than 3 inches per year, the risk of finding dangerous levels of arsenic in groundwater tripled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tulare basin aquifers consist of sand and gravel zones separated by thin layers of clay. The clay, which acts as a sponge, absorbs both water and arsenic, which starts off as a solid. Overpumping draws water from the sand and gravel zones, causing the aquifer to compress as land sinks. As those layers press down on the clay regions, arsenic-rich water gets released into the aquifer. [contextly_sidebar id=”1JyrHvzuqfuwV7K3cTgbnnqO96YJSe5q”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study says overpumping in other regions could result in the same effect if they have three characteristics: alternating layers of clay and sand; a source of arsenic; and relatively low oxygen content, which is common for thick clay zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s authors say that satellite surveillance can be a powerful tool in protecting communities from contaminated groundwater. Remote sensors that track the measurements of land as it collapses over time can be used to predict arsenic concentrations in groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This data could serve as an early warning system for contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Remote sensing data give us an incredible view of what is happening in our groundwater systems,” says Knight. “My hope is that we are entering a new era in California, of sustainable groundwater management, and that data such as these can support and inform wise groundwater management decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study notes that aquifers contaminated as a result of overpumping can recover if withdrawals stop; areas that showed slower sinking also had lower arsenic levels.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sinking land caused by intensive groundwater pumping in the San Joaquin Valley is releasing trapped arsenic — a known carcinogen — into aquifers that supply irrigation and drinking water for a million people, according to a new study published Tuesday in the journal \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/ncomms/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature Communications\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arsenic, a naturally occurring chemical in the Earth’s crust, is undetectable by the human senses and has been linked to a host of diseases including heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Researchers at Stanford University say residents should be concerned about arsenic levels in their water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Arsenic is associated with the clay layers in the groundwater system from which they pump their water,” says study co-author Rosemary J. Knight, a professor of geophysics at Stanford. “Overpumping is going to release that arsenic, and there has been significant overpumping during the recent droughts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwlandsubside.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">link\u003c/a> between subsidence (or sinking land) and pumping of fresh water from underground is well-established, according to the US Geological Survey. A previous study led by Knight found that one way of \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6810\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reducing the negative impact\u003c/a> of extracting water from the clay layers is for farmers to pull water from more shallow sand and gravel layers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knight added that residents who obtain their water from a private domestic well in an area that has experienced subsidence are wise to get the water checked for arsenic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers examined arsenic levels in hundreds of wells in San Joaquin Valley’s Tulare basin during two drought periods. They found that in areas where land sank more than 3 inches per year, the risk of finding dangerous levels of arsenic in groundwater tripled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tulare basin aquifers consist of sand and gravel zones separated by thin layers of clay. The clay, which acts as a sponge, absorbs both water and arsenic, which starts off as a solid. Overpumping draws water from the sand and gravel zones, causing the aquifer to compress as land sinks. As those layers press down on the clay regions, arsenic-rich water gets released into the aquifer. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study says overpumping in other regions could result in the same effect if they have three characteristics: alternating layers of clay and sand; a source of arsenic; and relatively low oxygen content, which is common for thick clay zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s authors say that satellite surveillance can be a powerful tool in protecting communities from contaminated groundwater. Remote sensors that track the measurements of land as it collapses over time can be used to predict arsenic concentrations in groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This data could serve as an early warning system for contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Remote sensing data give us an incredible view of what is happening in our groundwater systems,” says Knight. “My hope is that we are entering a new era in California, of sustainable groundwater management, and that data such as these can support and inform wise groundwater management decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study notes that aquifers contaminated as a result of overpumping can recover if withdrawals stop; areas that showed slower sinking also had lower arsenic levels.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"soldout": {
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