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"title": "Measure P: Foster City Overwhelmingly Votes for $90 Million Tax to Defend Against Rising Seas",
"headTitle": "Measure P: Foster City Overwhelmingly Votes for $90 Million Tax to Defend Against Rising Seas | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>UPDATE: Voters overwhelmingly approved Foster City Measure P by a roughly 80-20 margin, in one of the first major tests of a community’s willingness to tax itself to gird against climate change impacts.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only thing between Foster City and the salty San Francisco Bay is an earthen wall, eight miles long, fronted with crushed up concrete and riprap to defend against the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Foster City is the canary in the coal mine for the Bay Area.’\u003ccite>Mark Stacey, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On one level, the San Mateo County suburb’s voters face a straightforward choice about this levee on the June 5 ballot: whether to tax themselves to raise it, or run a higher risk of flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1920819/treasure-island-is-sinking-as-seas-are-rising-and-so-are-other-bay-area-cities\">new reports of sinking land\u003c/a> and rising seas, Foster City’s Measure P also offers the Bay Area’s first example for what one bayfront community is willing to do against the threat of climate-induced flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Foster City is the canary in the coal mine for the Bay Area,” says UC Berkeley environmental engineering professor Mark Stacey, \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/mark-stacey\">who has studied sea level rise in the bay\u003c/a>. “They’re facing an immediate decision on what to do with their shorelines.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Foster City’s Risk of Flooding\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Manager Jeff Moneda stands atop Foster City’s levee — it’s 13 feet above sea level — and looks down across Beach Park Boulevard at homes with a bayfront view, some worth millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They would receive the direct impact first if levees were to be breached,” Moneda says. Behind them, he says all of Foster City is “pretty much” at sea level: once water got in, it would stay on low land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924708\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2496px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924708\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2496\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1.jpg 2496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2496px) 100vw, 2496px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Riprap and earth stand between San Francisco Bay and Foster City. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like other vulnerable places, Foster City has always possessed a mechanical and engineered defense against water; here, a man-made lagoon, connected to the bay, is its central component. When storms are on the way, the public works department lowers the lagoon to ready it for more water, and pumps what’s collected out to the bay. But Moneda says changing conditions would test the system by which the city manages water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If sea level were to rise to where the levee is breached,” he says, “the pumps could definitely not keep up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Risk to private property isn’t the only reason city leaders are seeking support for Measure P. Moneda points to Foster City’s water and emergency systems, also right here at sea level: they could flood too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”gznrjQjhtM0anBFX9T1jHEA7c1fklU7M”]“Flushing their toilets, drinking water, ability to take a shower. All of those would be compromised. And then electricity of course,” Moneda says. “The essentials to function on a day-to-day basis would definitely be affected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a concern for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The agency has been remapping the region to assess the true risk of flood, in part because of climate change. Four years ago, FEMA notified Foster City leaders that the odds of water surging over this levee in a storm are too high, and this levee is far too low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless the city has a solution underway by fall, FEMA intends to declare the area a flood hazard zone. Homeowners with federally-backed mortgages or risk-averse lenders would have to buy flood insurance. Some fear that with a flood hazard disclosure, property values could drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The essentials to function on a day-to-day basis would definitely be affected.’\u003ccite>Jeff Moneda, City Manager, Foster City\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, raising the levee to meet FEMA requirements draws the attention of the Bay Conservation Development Commission, which has authority over the first hundred feet inland for all four hundred miles of bay shoreline. The BCDC requires consideration of sea level rise in proposed developments; Foster City did that by hiring consultants, who recommended planning for 2 feet of sea level rise within 32 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the city proposes to sink steel reinforcements in bay mud to raise the levee up to 8 feet higher, to meet FEMA’s flood requirements, and BCDC’s development guidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure P would authorize Foster City to purchase $90 million in bonds, and pay for them with a special tax of about $40 per $100,000 in property valuation. If you bought a house there today at the market average, you’d be looking at another $560 a year in taxes. The city contrasts that with the cost of flood insurance inside a special hazard zone; Moneda says officials called local insurance agents and priced that at $3,000 a year or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924585\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2496px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418.jpeg\" alt=\"City Manager Jeff Moneda, standing on a levee.\" width=\"2496\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418.jpeg 2496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2496px) 100vw, 2496px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">City Manager Jeff Moneda shows how high the city’s new levee needs to be to cope with sea level rise. Foster City voters will decide whether to raise the bayfront levee up to 8 feet higher, at a cost of $90 million. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The levee improvement is the only option,” says Moneda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What One City’s Wall Means to Another\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one “hardened” piece of shore changes how waves and tides move throughout the bay, says UC Berkeley’s Mark Stacey. Seawalls and levees fortified with riprap reflect wave energy back into the bay and keep water from spreading inland. That raises water levels everywhere. As seas rise, Stacey says more walls along one part of the bay could promote more flooding in another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One levee in Foster City is small scale. “But if San Mateo acts next in this way and Redwood Shores acts after that,” Stacey says, “And if each of these communities are individually and incrementally pursuing this path, that’s when you start to see the regional impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities along the southern edge of San Francisco Bay are watching what happens with Measure P: some, because they share an interest in funding pumps and walls, and others, nervously.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘This is a big jump. So maybe it’s just too big a leap for the public to swallow. We’ll find out.’\u003ccite>Bob Cushman, Foster City resident\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In a comment letter about the proposal to raise the Foster City levee, Alameda County’s Flood Control District \u003ca href=\"https://www.fostercity.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/community_development/page/4961/fc-levee-rtc_final.pdf\">has argued that\u003c/a> “[i]mpacts from the Foster City levee modifications may or may not be small, but the cumulative impacts of Foster City’s Project combined with other future shoreline projects around the San Francisco Bay will exacerbate these effects on others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda officials and other critics of the proposal also question whether one city should lead policy on climate change, when a regional, national, or even international response may be more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They include former city leaders and the son of Foster City’s namesake, \u003ca href=\"http://www.samceda.org/san-mateo-county-economic-development/samceda-board/t-jack-foster-jr\">T. Jack Foster, Jr.\u003c/a>, himself one of the original developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is This Necessary, or an Overreaction?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Fosters \u003ca href=\"https://www.xlibris.com/bookstore/bookdetail.aspx?bookid=SKU-0118054049\">arrived\u003c/a>, this land was Brewer Island, named for the farmer who levied off marshlands around 1900 to create hay for cattle, while nearby, salt dried in flats for the Leslie Salt company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fosters bought 3000 acres of land, dried it out, and dumped another 18 million cubic yards of sand and fill on top of it. Now 89, T. Jack Foster, Jr., doesn’t accept the conclusion that sea level rise is happening fast. And he says in development, they planned for some land to sink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, after 50 years, if I’m asked what I would do different, I’d say not one single thing,” Foster, Junior, says. “I’m so proud of the way everything’s turned out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says FEMA’s wrong, and that Foster City is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The aesthetic damage it does, you can put up with a certain amount of that if you get some benefit otherwise,” he says, about a higher levee. “But I don’t see any benefit at this time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a home on Foster’s lagoon, longtime resident Bob Cushman also opposes Measure P.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Jack Foster was a genius when he designed [this place],” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lagoon curves behind his home in the Admirals neighborhood: glassy, dyed blue-green. Cushman’s back deck view is man-made, and he loves it. In the 1990s, he and his wife worked hard to get it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After church every Sunday we drove through this neighborhood for two years,” Cushman says. “And we finally saw a stake in the front yard there: for sale by owner. We stopped and bought the house. We were so lucky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cushman’s got several objections to Measure P. For one thing, he says, Foster City is sitting on tens of millions of dollars, money already in city coffers that could contribute to the cost of higher levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For another, he points out that the city’s made it through high water before, and he credits the engineered defense offered by the levee, the pumps, and the lagoon for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while he does think climate change merits some response by Foster City, he wonders if up to eight feet of additional levee is an overreaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big jump,” Cushman says. “So maybe it’s just too big a leap for the public to swallow. We’ll find out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>UPDATE: Voters overwhelmingly approved Foster City Measure P by a roughly 80-20 margin, in one of the first major tests of a community’s willingness to tax itself to gird against climate change impacts.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only thing between Foster City and the salty San Francisco Bay is an earthen wall, eight miles long, fronted with crushed up concrete and riprap to defend against the sea.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Foster City is the canary in the coal mine for the Bay Area.’\u003ccite>Mark Stacey, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>On one level, the San Mateo County suburb’s voters face a straightforward choice about this levee on the June 5 ballot: whether to tax themselves to raise it, or run a higher risk of flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But amid \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1920819/treasure-island-is-sinking-as-seas-are-rising-and-so-are-other-bay-area-cities\">new reports of sinking land\u003c/a> and rising seas, Foster City’s Measure P also offers the Bay Area’s first example for what one bayfront community is willing to do against the threat of climate-induced flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Foster City is the canary in the coal mine for the Bay Area,” says UC Berkeley environmental engineering professor Mark Stacey, \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/mark-stacey\">who has studied sea level rise in the bay\u003c/a>. “They’re facing an immediate decision on what to do with their shorelines.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Foster City’s Risk of Flooding\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Manager Jeff Moneda stands atop Foster City’s levee — it’s 13 feet above sea level — and looks down across Beach Park Boulevard at homes with a bayfront view, some worth millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They would receive the direct impact first if levees were to be breached,” Moneda says. Behind them, he says all of Foster City is “pretty much” at sea level: once water got in, it would stay on low land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924708\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2496px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924708\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2496\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1.jpg 2496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31123_IMG_6463-1-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2496px) 100vw, 2496px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Riprap and earth stand between San Francisco Bay and Foster City. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like other vulnerable places, Foster City has always possessed a mechanical and engineered defense against water; here, a man-made lagoon, connected to the bay, is its central component. When storms are on the way, the public works department lowers the lagoon to ready it for more water, and pumps what’s collected out to the bay. But Moneda says changing conditions would test the system by which the city manages water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If sea level were to rise to where the levee is breached,” he says, “the pumps could definitely not keep up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Risk to private property isn’t the only reason city leaders are seeking support for Measure P. Moneda points to Foster City’s water and emergency systems, also right here at sea level: they could flood too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>“Flushing their toilets, drinking water, ability to take a shower. All of those would be compromised. And then electricity of course,” Moneda says. “The essentials to function on a day-to-day basis would definitely be affected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a concern for the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The agency has been remapping the region to assess the true risk of flood, in part because of climate change. Four years ago, FEMA notified Foster City leaders that the odds of water surging over this levee in a storm are too high, and this levee is far too low.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unless the city has a solution underway by fall, FEMA intends to declare the area a flood hazard zone. Homeowners with federally-backed mortgages or risk-averse lenders would have to buy flood insurance. Some fear that with a flood hazard disclosure, property values could drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The essentials to function on a day-to-day basis would definitely be affected.’\u003ccite>Jeff Moneda, City Manager, Foster City\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Beyond that, raising the levee to meet FEMA requirements draws the attention of the Bay Conservation Development Commission, which has authority over the first hundred feet inland for all four hundred miles of bay shoreline. The BCDC requires consideration of sea level rise in proposed developments; Foster City did that by hiring consultants, who recommended planning for 2 feet of sea level rise within 32 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the city proposes to sink steel reinforcements in bay mud to raise the levee up to 8 feet higher, to meet FEMA’s flood requirements, and BCDC’s development guidance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure P would authorize Foster City to purchase $90 million in bonds, and pay for them with a special tax of about $40 per $100,000 in property valuation. If you bought a house there today at the market average, you’d be looking at another $560 a year in taxes. The city contrasts that with the cost of flood insurance inside a special hazard zone; Moneda says officials called local insurance agents and priced that at $3,000 a year or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924585\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2496px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924585\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418.jpeg\" alt=\"City Manager Jeff Moneda, standing on a levee.\" width=\"2496\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418.jpeg 2496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31118_IMG_6418-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2496px) 100vw, 2496px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">City Manager Jeff Moneda shows how high the city’s new levee needs to be to cope with sea level rise. Foster City voters will decide whether to raise the bayfront levee up to 8 feet higher, at a cost of $90 million. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The levee improvement is the only option,” says Moneda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What One City’s Wall Means to Another\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one “hardened” piece of shore changes how waves and tides move throughout the bay, says UC Berkeley’s Mark Stacey. Seawalls and levees fortified with riprap reflect wave energy back into the bay and keep water from spreading inland. That raises water levels everywhere. As seas rise, Stacey says more walls along one part of the bay could promote more flooding in another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One levee in Foster City is small scale. “But if San Mateo acts next in this way and Redwood Shores acts after that,” Stacey says, “And if each of these communities are individually and incrementally pursuing this path, that’s when you start to see the regional impacts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other cities along the southern edge of San Francisco Bay are watching what happens with Measure P: some, because they share an interest in funding pumps and walls, and others, nervously.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘This is a big jump. So maybe it’s just too big a leap for the public to swallow. We’ll find out.’\u003ccite>Bob Cushman, Foster City resident\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In a comment letter about the proposal to raise the Foster City levee, Alameda County’s Flood Control District \u003ca href=\"https://www.fostercity.org/sites/default/files/fileattachments/community_development/page/4961/fc-levee-rtc_final.pdf\">has argued that\u003c/a> “[i]mpacts from the Foster City levee modifications may or may not be small, but the cumulative impacts of Foster City’s Project combined with other future shoreline projects around the San Francisco Bay will exacerbate these effects on others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda officials and other critics of the proposal also question whether one city should lead policy on climate change, when a regional, national, or even international response may be more effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They include former city leaders and the son of Foster City’s namesake, \u003ca href=\"http://www.samceda.org/san-mateo-county-economic-development/samceda-board/t-jack-foster-jr\">T. Jack Foster, Jr.\u003c/a>, himself one of the original developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Is This Necessary, or an Overreaction?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the Fosters \u003ca href=\"https://www.xlibris.com/bookstore/bookdetail.aspx?bookid=SKU-0118054049\">arrived\u003c/a>, this land was Brewer Island, named for the farmer who levied off marshlands around 1900 to create hay for cattle, while nearby, salt dried in flats for the Leslie Salt company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fosters bought 3000 acres of land, dried it out, and dumped another 18 million cubic yards of sand and fill on top of it. Now 89, T. Jack Foster, Jr., doesn’t accept the conclusion that sea level rise is happening fast. And he says in development, they planned for some land to sink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, after 50 years, if I’m asked what I would do different, I’d say not one single thing,” Foster, Junior, says. “I’m so proud of the way everything’s turned out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says FEMA’s wrong, and that Foster City is safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The aesthetic damage it does, you can put up with a certain amount of that if you get some benefit otherwise,” he says, about a higher levee. “But I don’t see any benefit at this time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With a home on Foster’s lagoon, longtime resident Bob Cushman also opposes Measure P.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think Jack Foster was a genius when he designed [this place],” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lagoon curves behind his home in the Admirals neighborhood: glassy, dyed blue-green. Cushman’s back deck view is man-made, and he loves it. In the 1990s, he and his wife worked hard to get it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After church every Sunday we drove through this neighborhood for two years,” Cushman says. “And we finally saw a stake in the front yard there: for sale by owner. We stopped and bought the house. We were so lucky.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cushman’s got several objections to Measure P. For one thing, he says, Foster City is sitting on tens of millions of dollars, money already in city coffers that could contribute to the cost of higher levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For another, he points out that the city’s made it through high water before, and he credits the engineered defense offered by the levee, the pumps, and the lagoon for that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while he does think climate change merits some response by Foster City, he wonders if up to eight feet of additional levee is an overreaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a big jump,” Cushman says. “So maybe it’s just too big a leap for the public to swallow. We’ll find out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Proposition 70: Voters Reject New Constraints on State's Climate Revenue Spending",
"headTitle": "Proposition 70: Voters Reject New Constraints on State’s Climate Revenue Spending | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Proposition 70 is about money raised by California’s cap-and-trade program to control climate emissions. Under that program, industries buy permits at a state auction allowing them to emit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Prop 70 changes who gets a say in spending the money from those auctions.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UPDATE: Prop 70 went down to defeat on Election Day with more than 63 percent of voters casting “No” votes (92 percent of precincts reporting, statewide as of June 6).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What You Need to Know About Proposition 70\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Creates a new temporary “reserve” fund to collect revenue from the sale of cap-and-trade permits, starting in 2024.\u003cbr>\n• Requires a one-time, two-thirds vote of the legislature to release money from the special reserve.\u003cbr>\n• If the two-thirds “supermajority” isn’t achieved, the funds remain locked up until it is.\u003cbr>\n• An unrelated provision temporarily suspends a sales tax exemption for certain manufacturing equipment, until the reserve funds are released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Did It Get on the Ballot?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_70,_Vote_Requirement_to_Use_Cap-and-Trade_Revenue_Amendment_(June_2018)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put Prop 70\u003c/a> on the ballot \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11560541/heres-whats-in-the-deal-to-extend-californias-cap-and-trade-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">after extending\u003c/a> the state’s cap-and-trade program to 2030 (original legislation expires in 2020).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Support It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown supports it, reportedly as part of a trade-off for Republican votes to extend cap-and-trade another ten years, to 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Chamber of Commerce, which previously sued to block cap and trade, supports Prop 70, as the measure’s passage would give conservative lawmakers some measure of control over how cap-and-trade revenues are spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Oppose It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High-profile Democrats, such as billionaire environmentalist \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Thomas_Steyer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom Steyer, \u003c/a>and most mainstream environmental groups are opposed, claiming it will create “gridlock” in deploying cap-and-trade revenues where they are needed. California abandoned its supermajority threshold to pass annual budgets because of recurring gridlock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who Gains — Who Loses?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Auctioning cap-and-trade permits raises billions of dollars for the state. Passage of Prop 70 could slow down the flow of money from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Reserve Fund to programs aimed at reducing climate emissions. Some of these programs count on cap-and-trade money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=70&year=2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">treasury would see a windfall\u003c/a> of an estimated $260 million per year of additional revenue with suspension of the manufacturing sales tax exemption\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Proposition 70 is about money raised by California’s cap-and-trade program to control climate emissions. Under that program, industries buy permits at a state auction allowing them to emit carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Prop 70 changes who gets a say in spending the money from those auctions.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UPDATE: Prop 70 went down to defeat on Election Day with more than 63 percent of voters casting “No” votes (92 percent of precincts reporting, statewide as of June 6).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What You Need to Know About Proposition 70\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>• Creates a new temporary “reserve” fund to collect revenue from the sale of cap-and-trade permits, starting in 2024.\u003cbr>\n• Requires a one-time, two-thirds vote of the legislature to release money from the special reserve.\u003cbr>\n• If the two-thirds “supermajority” isn’t achieved, the funds remain locked up until it is.\u003cbr>\n• An unrelated provision temporarily suspends a sales tax exemption for certain manufacturing equipment, until the reserve funds are released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How Did It Get on the Ballot?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Proposition_70,_Vote_Requirement_to_Use_Cap-and-Trade_Revenue_Amendment_(June_2018)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">put Prop 70\u003c/a> on the ballot \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11560541/heres-whats-in-the-deal-to-extend-californias-cap-and-trade-system\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">after extending\u003c/a> the state’s cap-and-trade program to 2030 (original legislation expires in 2020).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Support It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown supports it, reportedly as part of a trade-off for Republican votes to extend cap-and-trade another ten years, to 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Chamber of Commerce, which previously sued to block cap and trade, supports Prop 70, as the measure’s passage would give conservative lawmakers some measure of control over how cap-and-trade revenues are spent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Oppose It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High-profile Democrats, such as billionaire environmentalist \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/Thomas_Steyer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tom Steyer, \u003c/a>and most mainstream environmental groups are opposed, claiming it will create “gridlock” in deploying cap-and-trade revenues where they are needed. California abandoned its supermajority threshold to pass annual budgets because of recurring gridlock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Who Gains — Who Loses?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Auctioning cap-and-trade permits raises billions of dollars for the state. Passage of Prop 70 could slow down the flow of money from the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Reserve Fund to programs aimed at reducing climate emissions. Some of these programs count on cap-and-trade money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=70&year=2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">treasury would see a windfall\u003c/a> of an estimated $260 million per year of additional revenue with suspension of the manufacturing sales tax exemption\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Emergency Drought Assistance Will Be Needed in California for Years",
"headTitle": "Emergency Drought Assistance Will Be Needed in California for Years | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Just how long interim funding will play a central role in responding to water issues depends on implementing long-term solutions to contamination and groundwater depletion.[contextly_sidebar id=”RECFKp62RemKw6pqALAtPaHW45iqB1mz”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown declared the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article143321754.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">end of California’s five-year\u003c/a> drought in April 2017 after a wet winter replenished shrinking reservoirs. But the lingering impact of the drought, especially on \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/07/05/the-california-drought-isnt-over-it-just-went-underground\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">groundwater supplies\u003c/a>, means some \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article210334889.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">still rely\u003c/a> on emergency water tanks while they wait for long-term solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is particularly true in the San Joaquin Valley, where more than 300 domestic well users whose taps have run dry continue to use tanks provided by the state through a program originally slated to end in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the help of emergency funding requested by Assembly member Joaquin Arambula (D-Kingsberg), whose largely rural district is in the valley, the emergency water supply program will likely continue another year at a cost of $3.5 million. Also included in the emergency relief efforts is $10 million to address failing domestic wells and septic tanks, and $10 million for the Drinking Water for Schools Program that funds treatment solutions for schools that struggle with contamination. New state regulations for contaminants like lead and carcinogen \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/08/10/californias-plan-to-tackle-a-carcinogen-widespread-in-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1,2,3-trichloropropane\u003c/a>mean schools will need more money to meet safe drinking water standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are parts of my community that lack access to the basic necessities for life,” said Arambula. He said he frequently encountered patients without access to clean water in his work as an emergency room doctor in the Fresno County city of Selma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate and Assembly budget committees approved the request and it’s now part of final budget negotiations. As with other line items, the Legislature could still vote to remove the requested money from the budget package before it is finalized.[contextly_sidebar id=”rTS7Qo1UysRSxJOjG7XIGWxrdw8hmef4″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money partially bridges a gap in critical services for a group of California residents who lack access to clean water. November analysis by PPIC Water Center estimated \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/blog/information-gaps-hinder-progress-safe-drinking-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about 500,000 people\u003c/a> in the state get their water from a system not compliant with safe drinking water standards. That number does not include people who rely on domestic wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the need this funding addresses won’t disappear entirely by the middle of 2019 when the next budget year starts and that’s because many of the problems are related to groundwater overdraft. The state now has more than 20 groundwater basins that are deemed “critically overdrafted.” The San Joaquin Valley is particularly hard-hit and many communities there are entirely reliant on groundwater. As farmers dug deeper wells to keep up with a falling aquifer during the drought, many shallower domestic and community wells were left high and dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.selfhelpenterprises.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Self-Help Enterprises\u003c/a>, which administers emergency water tank and well-drilling programs in the San Joaquin Valley, says about 320 of its clients still use water tanks. The organization anticipates that number will decline to around 220 by the end of June as many households start using newly drilled wells. These clients represent a large proportion of those in the state who rely on the tanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn aligncenter\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180605025925/Was89628331.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\">A sign reading “no water” and indicating the number of people living inside is seen posted on a house in Porterville, California, in September 2015. (Josh Edelson/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>During the drought, the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/water-tanks-are-a-way-of-life-in-california-community-during-drought/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">started providing tanks\u003c/a> for free to residents who rely on domestic wells that ran dry. A water truck comes at regular intervals to the residents’ properties to fill the receptacles at no cost. Nonprofits like Self-Help, as well as some counties, administer the tank program and distribute state-funded loans and grants to drill new wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’ll be able to really end the tank program this coming year, barring some other extreme circumstance,” said Self-Help community development manager Jessi Snyder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she said the need for new wells will continue in coming years. More applications for help are coming in, Snyder said; hundreds who have requested applications have not completed and returned them yet. Still, the pace of work has slowed down. At the peak of the drought in 2015, Self-Help was seeing around 15–20 requests per week, said Self-Help program director Susan Long. That number has gone down to 10 a month but there is still a backlog. “You just couldn’t get a well driller to respond at the height of the drought,” said Snyder.[contextly_sidebar id=”NDlBpqRRgRdVTS8IDpzUssh2lNOHIp11″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in the organization’s service area who have not sought help may also be in precarious situations, with wells that may be close to running dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a long-term solution that should mitigate the drying up of wells. Groundwater management plans implemented as part of the rollout of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/04/09/californias-groundwater-rule-could-mean-opportunities-not-penalties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/a> are intended to prevent excessive pumping of groundwater. But the law, passed in 2014, doesn’t require plans to be in place until 2020, and then it will take years for it to start tangibly impacting groundwater levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve taken decades to get into this situation, and it’s going to take us a couple decades to get out of it, I think,” said Snyder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the interim the state is also pushing consolidation, where those with failed wells or unsafe septic systems are connected to nearby systems in working order. Residents living close enough to larger water or sewage systems may feasibly be able to connect to them, and the funding Arambula has requested can also help with that. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/thousands-san-joaquin-valley-have-unsafe-drinking-water-clean-water-close/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of California, Davis study\u003c/a> found that two-thirds of residents in disadvantaged San Joaquin Valley communities without safe drinking water lived within a mile of a system meeting clean water requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn aligncenter\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180605030041/900_08_us_ca_81_2461.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">A water well being drilled in an almond orchard in California’s San Joaquin Valley. Drought has increased groundwater pumping, causing shallower wells to run dry. (Citizens of the Planet/Education Images/UIG via Getty Images)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But consolidation comes with unknowns: pending legislation and expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two bills, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 2501\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1215\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 1215\u003c/a>, would explicitly expand the state’s authority to force absorption of domestic wells and septic tanks into nearby larger systems that function properly. A law already passed, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB88\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 88\u003c/a>, allows the state to step in and mandate consolidation of community water systems under some circumstances. The idea is to extend the benefits of larger systems’ economies of scale to areas with smaller systems that lack resources and often have little hope of building those systems up given small ratepayer bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the new bills don’t pass, there will be no guarantee that people who rely on their own private drinking water and septic systems have a chance of connecting to larger, higher-quality systems.[contextly_sidebar id=”Wwk5toOnLJKzUvWItkUjpKvEu76zBFTM”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with implementation of groundwater management plans, consolidation won’t happen quickly. “You are looking at a couple years” in many cases to account for coordination and engineering work, said Phoebe Seaton, codirector of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.leadershipcounsel.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability\u003c/a>, which sponsored the latest consolidation bills. Incremental solutions, such as emergency water supplies and drilling new wells, are needed in the interim. “At this point, the emergency piece is critical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the cost. Jennifer Clary, a water policy and legislative analyst for the environmental advocacy group \u003ca href=\"https://www.cleanwateraction.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Water Action\u003c/a>, said a single new connection to an existing drinking water system could cost between $5,000 and $10,000 depending on how much infrastructure it requires. Connecting an entire community of domestic well users would be more expensive. The $10 million requested for dealing with dry wells and failing septic systems “would be helpful, but would not make an appreciable dent in the backlog of projects,” said Clary.[contextly_sidebar id=”drhj3aVoxuNv5sLqX48MeIukVNTt4arI”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Clary, Seaton and others working on water justice issues in California have pushed a long-term funding mechanism. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/05/08/california-considers-charge-on-utility-bills-to-create-safe-water-fund\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Safe and Affordable Drinking Water Fund\u003c/a> would create a dedicated supply of around $140 million, annually, for a broad range of water quality efforts including not only treatment of water in schools and consolidation but also ongoing costs of treatment for struggling water systems too remote to consolidate. The fund is included in Governor Jerry Brown’s budget as a trailer bill, and may undergo changes before the final budget faces a vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the trailer bill passes in the budget as proposed, it will still take time for the fund to accumulate. That means the money wouldn’t be immediately available, said Snyder. Which means emergency water needs could still require short-term funding solutions, such as those in Arambula’s request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe we need temporary relief until we can get to a long-term solution, and we’ll continue to figure out how we can get to those longer-term solutions,” said Arambula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/06/05/why-emergency-drought-assistance-will-be-needed-in-california-for-years\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Just how long interim funding will play a central role in responding to water issues depends on implementing long-term solutions to contamination and groundwater depletion.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown declared the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/water-and-drought/article143321754.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">end of California’s five-year\u003c/a> drought in April 2017 after a wet winter replenished shrinking reservoirs. But the lingering impact of the drought, especially on \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/07/05/the-california-drought-isnt-over-it-just-went-underground\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">groundwater supplies\u003c/a>, means some \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/article210334889.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">still rely\u003c/a> on emergency water tanks while they wait for long-term solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is particularly true in the San Joaquin Valley, where more than 300 domestic well users whose taps have run dry continue to use tanks provided by the state through a program originally slated to end in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the help of emergency funding requested by Assembly member Joaquin Arambula (D-Kingsberg), whose largely rural district is in the valley, the emergency water supply program will likely continue another year at a cost of $3.5 million. Also included in the emergency relief efforts is $10 million to address failing domestic wells and septic tanks, and $10 million for the Drinking Water for Schools Program that funds treatment solutions for schools that struggle with contamination. New state regulations for contaminants like lead and carcinogen \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/08/10/californias-plan-to-tackle-a-carcinogen-widespread-in-water\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1,2,3-trichloropropane\u003c/a>mean schools will need more money to meet safe drinking water standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are parts of my community that lack access to the basic necessities for life,” said Arambula. He said he frequently encountered patients without access to clean water in his work as an emergency room doctor in the Fresno County city of Selma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate and Assembly budget committees approved the request and it’s now part of final budget negotiations. As with other line items, the Legislature could still vote to remove the requested money from the budget package before it is finalized.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The money partially bridges a gap in critical services for a group of California residents who lack access to clean water. November analysis by PPIC Water Center estimated \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/blog/information-gaps-hinder-progress-safe-drinking-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about 500,000 people\u003c/a> in the state get their water from a system not compliant with safe drinking water standards. That number does not include people who rely on domestic wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the need this funding addresses won’t disappear entirely by the middle of 2019 when the next budget year starts and that’s because many of the problems are related to groundwater overdraft. The state now has more than 20 groundwater basins that are deemed “critically overdrafted.” The San Joaquin Valley is particularly hard-hit and many communities there are entirely reliant on groundwater. As farmers dug deeper wells to keep up with a falling aquifer during the drought, many shallower domestic and community wells were left high and dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit \u003ca href=\"https://www.selfhelpenterprises.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Self-Help Enterprises\u003c/a>, which administers emergency water tank and well-drilling programs in the San Joaquin Valley, says about 320 of its clients still use water tanks. The organization anticipates that number will decline to around 220 by the end of June as many households start using newly drilled wells. These clients represent a large proportion of those in the state who rely on the tanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn aligncenter\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180605025925/Was89628331.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"530\">A sign reading “no water” and indicating the number of people living inside is seen posted on a house in Porterville, California, in September 2015. (Josh Edelson/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>During the drought, the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/water-tanks-are-a-way-of-life-in-california-community-during-drought/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">started providing tanks\u003c/a> for free to residents who rely on domestic wells that ran dry. A water truck comes at regular intervals to the residents’ properties to fill the receptacles at no cost. Nonprofits like Self-Help, as well as some counties, administer the tank program and distribute state-funded loans and grants to drill new wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’ll be able to really end the tank program this coming year, barring some other extreme circumstance,” said Self-Help community development manager Jessi Snyder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she said the need for new wells will continue in coming years. More applications for help are coming in, Snyder said; hundreds who have requested applications have not completed and returned them yet. Still, the pace of work has slowed down. At the peak of the drought in 2015, Self-Help was seeing around 15–20 requests per week, said Self-Help program director Susan Long. That number has gone down to 10 a month but there is still a backlog. “You just couldn’t get a well driller to respond at the height of the drought,” said Snyder.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in the organization’s service area who have not sought help may also be in precarious situations, with wells that may be close to running dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a long-term solution that should mitigate the drying up of wells. Groundwater management plans implemented as part of the rollout of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/community/2018/04/09/californias-groundwater-rule-could-mean-opportunities-not-penalties\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/a> are intended to prevent excessive pumping of groundwater. But the law, passed in 2014, doesn’t require plans to be in place until 2020, and then it will take years for it to start tangibly impacting groundwater levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve taken decades to get into this situation, and it’s going to take us a couple decades to get out of it, I think,” said Snyder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the interim the state is also pushing consolidation, where those with failed wells or unsafe septic systems are connected to nearby systems in working order. Residents living close enough to larger water or sewage systems may feasibly be able to connect to them, and the funding Arambula has requested can also help with that. A \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucdavis.edu/news/thousands-san-joaquin-valley-have-unsafe-drinking-water-clean-water-close/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of California, Davis study\u003c/a> found that two-thirds of residents in disadvantaged San Joaquin Valley communities without safe drinking water lived within a mile of a system meeting clean water requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn aligncenter\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180605030041/900_08_us_ca_81_2461.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">A water well being drilled in an almond orchard in California’s San Joaquin Valley. Drought has increased groundwater pumping, causing shallower wells to run dry. (Citizens of the Planet/Education Images/UIG via Getty Images)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>But consolidation comes with unknowns: pending legislation and expense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two bills, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 2501\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billHistoryClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1215\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Senate Bill 1215\u003c/a>, would explicitly expand the state’s authority to force absorption of domestic wells and septic tanks into nearby larger systems that function properly. A law already passed, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB88\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Assembly Bill 88\u003c/a>, allows the state to step in and mandate consolidation of community water systems under some circumstances. The idea is to extend the benefits of larger systems’ economies of scale to areas with smaller systems that lack resources and often have little hope of building those systems up given small ratepayer bases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the new bills don’t pass, there will be no guarantee that people who rely on their own private drinking water and septic systems have a chance of connecting to larger, higher-quality systems.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As with implementation of groundwater management plans, consolidation won’t happen quickly. “You are looking at a couple years” in many cases to account for coordination and engineering work, said Phoebe Seaton, codirector of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.leadershipcounsel.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leadership Counsel for Justice and Accountability\u003c/a>, which sponsored the latest consolidation bills. Incremental solutions, such as emergency water supplies and drilling new wells, are needed in the interim. “At this point, the emergency piece is critical.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the cost. Jennifer Clary, a water policy and legislative analyst for the environmental advocacy group \u003ca href=\"https://www.cleanwateraction.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Clean Water Action\u003c/a>, said a single new connection to an existing drinking water system could cost between $5,000 and $10,000 depending on how much infrastructure it requires. Connecting an entire community of domestic well users would be more expensive. The $10 million requested for dealing with dry wells and failing septic systems “would be helpful, but would not make an appreciable dent in the backlog of projects,” said Clary.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Clary, Seaton and others working on water justice issues in California have pushed a long-term funding mechanism. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/05/08/california-considers-charge-on-utility-bills-to-create-safe-water-fund\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Safe and Affordable Drinking Water Fund\u003c/a> would create a dedicated supply of around $140 million, annually, for a broad range of water quality efforts including not only treatment of water in schools and consolidation but also ongoing costs of treatment for struggling water systems too remote to consolidate. The fund is included in Governor Jerry Brown’s budget as a trailer bill, and may undergo changes before the final budget faces a vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the trailer bill passes in the budget as proposed, it will still take time for the fund to accumulate. That means the money wouldn’t be immediately available, said Snyder. Which means emergency water needs could still require short-term funding solutions, such as those in Arambula’s request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe we need temporary relief until we can get to a long-term solution, and we’ll continue to figure out how we can get to those longer-term solutions,” said Arambula.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/06/05/why-emergency-drought-assistance-will-be-needed-in-california-for-years\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Sinking land caused by intensive groundwater pumping in the San Joaquin Valley is releasing trapped arsenic — a known carcinogen — into aquifers that supply irrigation and drinking water for a million people, according to a new study published Tuesday in the journal \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/ncomms/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature Communications\u003c/a>. [contextly_sidebar id=”e2HtgwYSiGvYqi4LXO5efN9lFOy4H4pN”]\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arsenic, a naturally occurring chemical in the Earth’s crust, is undetectable by the human senses and has been linked to a host of diseases including heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Researchers at Stanford University say residents should be concerned about arsenic levels in their water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Arsenic is associated with the clay layers in the groundwater system from which they pump their water,” says study co-author Rosemary J. Knight, a professor of geophysics at Stanford. “Overpumping is going to release that arsenic, and there has been significant overpumping during the recent droughts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwlandsubside.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">link\u003c/a> between subsidence (or sinking land) and pumping of fresh water from underground is well-established, according to the US Geological Survey. A previous study led by Knight found that one way of \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6810\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reducing the negative impact\u003c/a> of extracting water from the clay layers is for farmers to pull water from more shallow sand and gravel layers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knight added that residents who obtain their water from a private domestic well in an area that has experienced subsidence are wise to get the water checked for arsenic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers examined arsenic levels in hundreds of wells in San Joaquin Valley’s Tulare basin during two drought periods. They found that in areas where land sank more than 3 inches per year, the risk of finding dangerous levels of arsenic in groundwater tripled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tulare basin aquifers consist of sand and gravel zones separated by thin layers of clay. The clay, which acts as a sponge, absorbs both water and arsenic, which starts off as a solid. Overpumping draws water from the sand and gravel zones, causing the aquifer to compress as land sinks. As those layers press down on the clay regions, arsenic-rich water gets released into the aquifer. [contextly_sidebar id=”1JyrHvzuqfuwV7K3cTgbnnqO96YJSe5q”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study says overpumping in other regions could result in the same effect if they have three characteristics: alternating layers of clay and sand; a source of arsenic; and relatively low oxygen content, which is common for thick clay zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s authors say that satellite surveillance can be a powerful tool in protecting communities from contaminated groundwater. Remote sensors that track the measurements of land as it collapses over time can be used to predict arsenic concentrations in groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This data could serve as an early warning system for contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Remote sensing data give us an incredible view of what is happening in our groundwater systems,” says Knight. “My hope is that we are entering a new era in California, of sustainable groundwater management, and that data such as these can support and inform wise groundwater management decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study notes that aquifers contaminated as a result of overpumping can recover if withdrawals stop; areas that showed slower sinking also had lower arsenic levels.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Sinking land caused by intensive groundwater pumping in the San Joaquin Valley is releasing trapped arsenic — a known carcinogen — into aquifers that supply irrigation and drinking water for a million people, according to a new study published Tuesday in the journal \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/ncomms/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature Communications\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arsenic, a naturally occurring chemical in the Earth’s crust, is undetectable by the human senses and has been linked to a host of diseases including heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Researchers at Stanford University say residents should be concerned about arsenic levels in their water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Arsenic is associated with the clay layers in the groundwater system from which they pump their water,” says study co-author Rosemary J. Knight, a professor of geophysics at Stanford. “Overpumping is going to release that arsenic, and there has been significant overpumping during the recent droughts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://water.usgs.gov/edu/earthgwlandsubside.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">link\u003c/a> between subsidence (or sinking land) and pumping of fresh water from underground is well-established, according to the US Geological Survey. A previous study led by Knight found that one way of \u003ca href=\"https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=6810\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reducing the negative impact\u003c/a> of extracting water from the clay layers is for farmers to pull water from more shallow sand and gravel layers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knight added that residents who obtain their water from a private domestic well in an area that has experienced subsidence are wise to get the water checked for arsenic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers examined arsenic levels in hundreds of wells in San Joaquin Valley’s Tulare basin during two drought periods. They found that in areas where land sank more than 3 inches per year, the risk of finding dangerous levels of arsenic in groundwater tripled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tulare basin aquifers consist of sand and gravel zones separated by thin layers of clay. The clay, which acts as a sponge, absorbs both water and arsenic, which starts off as a solid. Overpumping draws water from the sand and gravel zones, causing the aquifer to compress as land sinks. As those layers press down on the clay regions, arsenic-rich water gets released into the aquifer. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study says overpumping in other regions could result in the same effect if they have three characteristics: alternating layers of clay and sand; a source of arsenic; and relatively low oxygen content, which is common for thick clay zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s authors say that satellite surveillance can be a powerful tool in protecting communities from contaminated groundwater. Remote sensors that track the measurements of land as it collapses over time can be used to predict arsenic concentrations in groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This data could serve as an early warning system for contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Remote sensing data give us an incredible view of what is happening in our groundwater systems,” says Knight. “My hope is that we are entering a new era in California, of sustainable groundwater management, and that data such as these can support and inform wise groundwater management decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study notes that aquifers contaminated as a result of overpumping can recover if withdrawals stop; areas that showed slower sinking also had lower arsenic levels.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new study finds that light-colored rooftops can help California cities save water by requiring less of it for lawns and gardens.[contextly_sidebar id=”92g9vzOhhckJNr2TQDPLgmilZ91RPPTv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/10/20/cool-roofs-water-saving-benefits/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent work \u003c/a>from researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, says that the widespread adoption of “cool roofs” could reduce outdoor water consumption by as much as 9 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, published in the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-017-01346-1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Nature Communications\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, marks the first body of research to look at the link between water and heat mitigation strategies in urban areas, says co-author Pouya Vahmani, a scientist at Berkeley Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You might not do cool roofs just to save water, but it’s another previously unrecognized benefit of having cool roofs,” Vahmani \u003ca href=\"http://newscenter.lbl.gov/2017/10/20/cool-roofs-water-saving-benefits/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">said\u003c/a> in a press release. “And from a water management standpoint, it’s an entirely different way of thinking – to manipulate the local climate in order to manipulate water demand.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average temperature of cities with high concentrations of cool roofs can drop by 3 to 4 degrees, which,\u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/06/04/lawrence-berkeley-scientists-find-a-cool-way-to-save-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> as the Mercury News reports\u003c/a>, is enough to save cities like San Francisco from about 4 percent to more than 7 percent of the water used per person daily for landscaping needs.[contextly_sidebar id=”sKPpPyH7oieJoxWGRxUhUUnM8Cd2NAN4″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors calculate that a wholesale transition to cool roofs could cut water use by more than 9 percent (83 million gallons per day) in Los Angeles County and save more than 7 percent in Sacramento, San Francisco and San Bernardino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And cooler roofs are a pretty low-tech option, according to reporter Jeremy Rehm of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/06/04/lawrence-berkeley-scientists-find-a-cool-way-to-save-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monterey Herald\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Turning a roof into a “cool” one requires specially reflective asphalt granules or a coat of white paint, which effectively drops the difference between roof temperature and the air around it to between 5 and 10 degrees rather than the scorching 50 degrees difference before. Installing “cool” structures such as these roofs, then, decreases heat build-up and, in turn, means lawns and gardens need less water because less of it will evaporate.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The concept, which could cost homeowners between $6,000 to $15,000, has its skeptics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think a single roof with asphalt containing reflective granules will do much,” Alex Bergeron, vice president of Teal City Roofing Inc. in San Jose, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/06/04/lawrence-berkeley-scientists-find-a-cool-way-to-save-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> the Mercury News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vahmani emphasizes that significant results would require widespread adoption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was surprising was the significant amount of water being saved,” Vahmani said. “Our study gives cities another reason to consider widespread implementation of ‘cool’ roofs.”[contextly_sidebar id=”H5EPuleEsPUZZU7k3qjX7GmOAheeiubi”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, researchers say they want to expand their area of focus to agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First we want to see how much climate change will increase water demand. Next will be to come up with strategies to counter that,” Vahmani said. “In urban areas, we’ll look at how cool roofs can ameliorate both extreme heat demand and irrigation demands associated with future warming. Whereas in agricultural areas, the strategies will have to do with irrigation technology and what kind of crops you’re growing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is part of Berkeley Lab’s \u003ca href=\"https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2016/05/23/water-energy-nexus-new-focus-berkeley-lab-research/\">Water Resilience Initiative\u003c/a>, which focuses on the connections between water and energy use.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors calculate that a wholesale transition to cool roofs could cut water use by more than 9 percent (83 million gallons per day) in Los Angeles County and save more than 7 percent in Sacramento, San Francisco and San Bernardino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And cooler roofs are a pretty low-tech option, according to reporter Jeremy Rehm of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/06/04/lawrence-berkeley-scientists-find-a-cool-way-to-save-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Monterey Herald\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Turning a roof into a “cool” one requires specially reflective asphalt granules or a coat of white paint, which effectively drops the difference between roof temperature and the air around it to between 5 and 10 degrees rather than the scorching 50 degrees difference before. Installing “cool” structures such as these roofs, then, decreases heat build-up and, in turn, means lawns and gardens need less water because less of it will evaporate.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The concept, which could cost homeowners between $6,000 to $15,000, has its skeptics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think a single roof with asphalt containing reflective granules will do much,” Alex Bergeron, vice president of Teal City Roofing Inc. in San Jose, \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/06/04/lawrence-berkeley-scientists-find-a-cool-way-to-save-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> the Mercury News.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vahmani emphasizes that significant results would require widespread adoption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was surprising was the significant amount of water being saved,” Vahmani said. “Our study gives cities another reason to consider widespread implementation of ‘cool’ roofs.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, researchers say they want to expand their area of focus to agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First we want to see how much climate change will increase water demand. Next will be to come up with strategies to counter that,” Vahmani said. “In urban areas, we’ll look at how cool roofs can ameliorate both extreme heat demand and irrigation demands associated with future warming. Whereas in agricultural areas, the strategies will have to do with irrigation technology and what kind of crops you’re growing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study is part of Berkeley Lab’s \u003ca href=\"https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2016/05/23/water-energy-nexus-new-focus-berkeley-lab-research/\">Water Resilience Initiative\u003c/a>, which focuses on the connections between water and energy use.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On Tuesday, 50-year-old swimmer Ben Lecomte will push off from a beach in Choshi, Japan, wearing a shark repellent bracelet and an armband to track radiation in the ocean. He hopes to reach San Francisco in six months as the first person to swim across the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A successful 5,500-mile journey will be a feat of athleticism and a major scientific opportunity. Lecomte, a Frenchman now living in Texas, is traveling alongside a boat with a six-person crew. He’ll swim eight hours per day on a route that includes the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and the White Shark Migration Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientific partners, including NASA and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, have provided equipment for the swimmer’s crew to conduct research on his body and the ocean along the way. They’ll gather over 1,000 water samples, in part to gather data on pollution and plant life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lecomte has been planning the journey since he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/08/23/433926565/ben-lecomte-swam-across-the-atlantic-next-he-tries-the-pacific\">swam across the Atlantic Ocean\u003c/a> 20 years ago. This time, he’ll pick up each morning exactly where he left the night before, in hopes that this swim will become an official record. Seeker.com and Discovery have teamed up to track \u003ca href=\"https://www.seeker.com/theswim\">the journey\u003c/a>, which Lecomte is doing in part to raise awareness for climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ocean is in peril,” he says. “I think it’s my duty to use my passion to make a little change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Weekend Edition\u003c/em>‘s Lulu Garcia-Navarro spoke with Lecomte as he prepares for his swim.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Interview highlights \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On starting the swim\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real training will start when I jump in the water. Because it’s not something you can really replicate, you know — swimming eight hours a day, sleeping on the boat and having limited contact with the outside — it’s very particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what scares Lecomte about the trip\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sharks are there, I mean, that’s their environment. But for me, the biggest concern, I think — it’s mostly the cold water. Because you can do so much in cold water after so many hours in the water, and no matter how thick your wetsuit is, you get cold, and it’s very, very uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After his swim across the Atlantic, Lecomte said “never again” \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t take that long for me to change my mind. Three, four months afterwards I was already thinking about my next adventure and doing something kind of the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had the idea of the swim in the Pacific early on, but I got married and had children so I put that on the side. That was my priority, and now I come back to that dream that I had. I don’t want to live with any regrets, so it’s something that I’ve pursued, and I’m determined to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On his children, who will join the last leg of Lecomte’s journey\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are very enthusiastic. They are with me right now, they were on the boat last night with me and they are going to be on the boat tonight, and love it. We swim very often together, so we share the same passion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On why he’s swimming across the Pacific \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean is in peril. I’m very sensitive to my kids and knowing what they are going to have in their lives. I think it’s my duty to try to use my passion to make a little change. We have to find what our role is if we want to preserve what we have. And that’s very important for me — and for me to do that for my children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=To+Raise+Awareness+For+Climate+Change%2C+50-Year-Old+Makes+Bid+To+Swim+Across+Pacific&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Tuesday, 50-year-old swimmer Ben Lecomte will push off from a beach in Choshi, Japan, wearing a shark repellent bracelet and an armband to track radiation in the ocean. He hopes to reach San Francisco in six months as the first person to swim across the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A successful 5,500-mile journey will be a feat of athleticism and a major scientific opportunity. Lecomte, a Frenchman now living in Texas, is traveling alongside a boat with a six-person crew. He’ll swim eight hours per day on a route that includes the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and the White Shark Migration Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientific partners, including NASA and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, have provided equipment for the swimmer’s crew to conduct research on his body and the ocean along the way. They’ll gather over 1,000 water samples, in part to gather data on pollution and plant life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lecomte has been planning the journey since he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/08/23/433926565/ben-lecomte-swam-across-the-atlantic-next-he-tries-the-pacific\">swam across the Atlantic Ocean\u003c/a> 20 years ago. This time, he’ll pick up each morning exactly where he left the night before, in hopes that this swim will become an official record. Seeker.com and Discovery have teamed up to track \u003ca href=\"https://www.seeker.com/theswim\">the journey\u003c/a>, which Lecomte is doing in part to raise awareness for climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ocean is in peril,” he says. “I think it’s my duty to use my passion to make a little change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Weekend Edition\u003c/em>‘s Lulu Garcia-Navarro spoke with Lecomte as he prepares for his swim.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Interview highlights \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On starting the swim\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real training will start when I jump in the water. Because it’s not something you can really replicate, you know — swimming eight hours a day, sleeping on the boat and having limited contact with the outside — it’s very particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what scares Lecomte about the trip\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sharks are there, I mean, that’s their environment. But for me, the biggest concern, I think — it’s mostly the cold water. Because you can do so much in cold water after so many hours in the water, and no matter how thick your wetsuit is, you get cold, and it’s very, very uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After his swim across the Atlantic, Lecomte said “never again” \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t take that long for me to change my mind. Three, four months afterwards I was already thinking about my next adventure and doing something kind of the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had the idea of the swim in the Pacific early on, but I got married and had children so I put that on the side. That was my priority, and now I come back to that dream that I had. I don’t want to live with any regrets, so it’s something that I’ve pursued, and I’m determined to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On his children, who will join the last leg of Lecomte’s journey\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are very enthusiastic. They are with me right now, they were on the boat last night with me and they are going to be on the boat tonight, and love it. We swim very often together, so we share the same passion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On why he’s swimming across the Pacific \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean is in peril. I’m very sensitive to my kids and knowing what they are going to have in their lives. I think it’s my duty to try to use my passion to make a little change. We have to find what our role is if we want to preserve what we have. And that’s very important for me — and for me to do that for my children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=To+Raise+Awareness+For+Climate+Change%2C+50-Year-Old+Makes+Bid+To+Swim+Across+Pacific&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Get ready to tighten those faucets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown signed a pair of bills into law on Thursday that create a framework for permanent statewide water efficiency standards, whether the state is in drought or not.[contextly_sidebar id=”4TcRMLsNwPNhYLFtMZj93EwOft3t4XqZ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In preparation for the next drought and our changing environment, we must use our precious resources wisely. We have efficiency goals for energy and cars — and now we have them for water,” said\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/05/31/governor-brown-signs-legislation-establishing-statewide-water-efficiency-goals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Brown\u003c/a> in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new standards, which must be met by 2020, set limits on personal water use and require water providers to develop annual water budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The laws set an initial limit for indoor water use of 55 gallons per-person per-day in 2022, which gradually drops to 50 gallons per person by 2030. Just how consumers will be required to meet the goals remains unknown. — \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211333594.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/05/31/california-drought-jerry-brown-sets-permanent-water-conservation-rules-with-new-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News\u003c/a> reports that the new mandates are a response to pushback from water suppliers who complained about the strict standards enacted during the emergency drought period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The laws are a response to complaints from some water agencies that the mandatory water targets the Brown administration put in place during the drought were too inflexible and didn’t take into account local water supplies, population growth and other factors.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Californians used an average of 90 gallons of indoor and outdoor water per day in 2017, down from 109 gallons in 2013, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Water Board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some environmentalists expressed disappointment with the new standards, writes Paul Rogers for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/05/31/california-drought-jerry-brown-sets-permanent-water-conservation-rules-with-new-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Environmentalists like Sierra Club California said the rules didn’t go far enough. Of particular concern was a compromise inserted in the bill that allowed cities and water districts to get 15 percent credit on their water use totals if they produce certain types of recycled water.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>State regulators will conduct studies and consult with local districts to establish appropriate outdoor targets that take into account local needs, reports the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211333594.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources and State Water Resources Control Board will conduct studies and recommend standards for outdoor use by October 2021. State regulators will consult with local districts, recognizing differences in climate, water availability and demand across the state, to establish outdoor targets. Water districts that have already taken steps, such as recycling, to broaden their water supply could get more leeway even in dry conditions.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Brown declared a state of emergency in response to the drought and the following year, temporary limits on water use were established. Those measures were lifted in \u003ca href=\"https://drought.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Get ready to tighten those faucets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown signed a pair of bills into law on Thursday that create a framework for permanent statewide water efficiency standards, whether the state is in drought or not.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In preparation for the next drought and our changing environment, we must use our precious resources wisely. We have efficiency goals for energy and cars — and now we have them for water,” said\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/05/31/governor-brown-signs-legislation-establishing-statewide-water-efficiency-goals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Brown\u003c/a> in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new standards, which must be met by 2020, set limits on personal water use and require water providers to develop annual water budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The laws set an initial limit for indoor water use of 55 gallons per-person per-day in 2022, which gradually drops to 50 gallons per person by 2030. Just how consumers will be required to meet the goals remains unknown. — \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211333594.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/05/31/california-drought-jerry-brown-sets-permanent-water-conservation-rules-with-new-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News\u003c/a> reports that the new mandates are a response to pushback from water suppliers who complained about the strict standards enacted during the emergency drought period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The laws are a response to complaints from some water agencies that the mandatory water targets the Brown administration put in place during the drought were too inflexible and didn’t take into account local water supplies, population growth and other factors.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Californians used an average of 90 gallons of indoor and outdoor water per day in 2017, down from 109 gallons in 2013, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Water Board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some environmentalists expressed disappointment with the new standards, writes Paul Rogers for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/05/31/california-drought-jerry-brown-sets-permanent-water-conservation-rules-with-new-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Environmentalists like Sierra Club California said the rules didn’t go far enough. Of particular concern was a compromise inserted in the bill that allowed cities and water districts to get 15 percent credit on their water use totals if they produce certain types of recycled water.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>State regulators will conduct studies and consult with local districts to establish appropriate outdoor targets that take into account local needs, reports the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211333594.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources and State Water Resources Control Board will conduct studies and recommend standards for outdoor use by October 2021. State regulators will consult with local districts, recognizing differences in climate, water availability and demand across the state, to establish outdoor targets. Water districts that have already taken steps, such as recycling, to broaden their water supply could get more leeway even in dry conditions.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Brown declared a state of emergency in response to the drought and the following year, temporary limits on water use were established. Those measures were lifted in \u003ca href=\"https://drought.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California utilities will invest nearly $768 million to expand a network of charging stations and build other infrastructure for electric vehicles as the state moves toward a goal of 5 million zero-emission cars on the roads by 2030.[contextly_sidebar id=”8Otz20GKvE2W2ODwNEDfFvBarpZObIqX”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission voted 5-0 Thursday to pay for programs statewide over the next five years, with an emphasis on establishing facilities in disadvantaged communities where traffic and air pollution are often heaviest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The funding includes $136 million by San Diego Gas & Electric Co. to provide rebates for as many as 60,000 customers to install home charging stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pacific Gas & Electric will build 230 direct current fast-charging stations, for a total of nearly $22.5 million. And PG&E and Southern California Edison will spend a combined $580 million to support the electrification of almost 15,000 medium- and heavy-duty vehicles including transit and school buses, semi-trucks, forklifts and cargo equipment at ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re successful with this and other electrification efforts already underway, much of the nation will likely follow California’s lead,” said CPUC Commissioner Carla J. Peterman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utilities initially asked for $1 billion to implement the projects. After a series of workshops and hearings, the CPUC decided on a budget of approximately $738 million, with an additional $29.5 million for program evaluation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall plan is a result of a 2016 CPUC order directing utilities to submit applications proposing projects aimed at accelerating transportation electrification across all sectors, from light-duty passenger cars to medium- and heavy-duty fleet, transit and freight vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edison’s Katie Sloan estimated its projects would lead to a monthly bill increase for customers of about 50 cents over a few years. After that, she said, ratepayers will see their bills steadily drop as the infrastructure is completed.[contextly_sidebar id=”MURzGbfzpuBlzEbCG9L6iEyWDNtxBSPO”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E and SDGE did not immediately have estimates for whether their plans would increase monthly bills for customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown in January outlined a $2.5 billion proposal to help Californians buy electric vehicles as part of a long-term plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Currently there are about 350,000 zero-emission vehicles on California roads; Brown wants that number to grow 15-fold over the next dozen years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic governor has positioned California as a global leader in fighting climate change amid President Donald Trump’s decision to pull the U.S. out of the Paris climate accord.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California utilities will invest nearly $768 million to expand a network of charging stations and build other infrastructure for electric vehicles as the state moves toward a goal of 5 million zero-emission cars on the roads by 2030.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission voted 5-0 Thursday to pay for programs statewide over the next five years, with an emphasis on establishing facilities in disadvantaged communities where traffic and air pollution are often heaviest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The funding includes $136 million by San Diego Gas & Electric Co. to provide rebates for as many as 60,000 customers to install home charging stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pacific Gas & Electric will build 230 direct current fast-charging stations, for a total of nearly $22.5 million. And PG&E and Southern California Edison will spend a combined $580 million to support the electrification of almost 15,000 medium- and heavy-duty vehicles including transit and school buses, semi-trucks, forklifts and cargo equipment at ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re successful with this and other electrification efforts already underway, much of the nation will likely follow California’s lead,” said CPUC Commissioner Carla J. Peterman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utilities initially asked for $1 billion to implement the projects. After a series of workshops and hearings, the CPUC decided on a budget of approximately $738 million, with an additional $29.5 million for program evaluation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall plan is a result of a 2016 CPUC order directing utilities to submit applications proposing projects aimed at accelerating transportation electrification across all sectors, from light-duty passenger cars to medium- and heavy-duty fleet, transit and freight vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edison’s Katie Sloan estimated its projects would lead to a monthly bill increase for customers of about 50 cents over a few years. After that, she said, ratepayers will see their bills steadily drop as the infrastructure is completed.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E and SDGE did not immediately have estimates for whether their plans would increase monthly bills for customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown in January outlined a $2.5 billion proposal to help Californians buy electric vehicles as part of a long-term plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Currently there are about 350,000 zero-emission vehicles on California roads; Brown wants that number to grow 15-fold over the next dozen years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic governor has positioned California as a global leader in fighting climate change amid President Donald Trump’s decision to pull the U.S. out of the Paris climate accord.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "MAP: See Whether Your Home Is at Risk From Rising Seas",
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"content": "\u003cp>Scientists say climate change will cause San Francisco Bay to rise up to five feet by 2100, when many of today’s children will still be living. Click on the ‘search’ spotlight icon on the lower left of this map and enter an address — your home, school, church, or anyplace else — to see how that place will be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/fa879f03-a7e8-4a48-99f2-7c9666565f1a/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Scientists say climate change will cause San Francisco Bay to rise by up to 5 feet by 2100, when many of today's children will still be living. Click on this map to enter an address -- your home, school, church, or anyplace else -- and see how that spot will be affected.",
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"title": "Like It Or Not, the Water Is Coming: Will the Bay Area Defend Against Rising Seas, or Embrace Them?",
"headTitle": "Like It Or Not, the Water Is Coming: Will the Bay Area Defend Against Rising Seas, or Embrace Them? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">Y\u003c/span>ou can shove water back from the land, or let the land flood, but either way, San Francisco Bay is getting higher. Along more than 400 miles of bayfront, in at least forty communities that touch water, the once-sneaky problem of sea level rise is revealing itself as it accelerates. At airports, at power plants, in subsiding urban areas and in shoreline development, rising seas are challenging our choices about living next to water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘To be honest I haven’t come across an area in the world that’s as vulnerable as the Bay Area.’\u003ccite>Richard Mullane, Hassell\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A History of Defending\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>ince the days when our best gauge was a numbered stick and a sharp-eyed observer, San Francisco Bay has been rising. At the Presidio station tidal gauge, the level of the bay has risen 8 inches since 1900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the state of California is warning nine Bay Area counties that climate change means the bay is rising faster. Extreme tides, whipped by storms, have become both more frequent and more extreme. California’s latest and best word on sea levels, a report issued last spring \u003ca href=\"http://www.oceansciencetrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OST-Sea-Level-Rising-Report-Final_Amended.pdf\">predicts\u003c/a> that San Francisco Bay could rise from five to 15 times faster this century than the last one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As water claims more space in our bay, we can choose to embrace it, or separate ourselves from it. We can learn to love a wetter landscape, or battle flooding and the risk we perceive from it. And over the past century, we’ve mostly chosen the latter course: to defend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here’s What’s in the Path of Sea Level Rise\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Scientists say climate change could cause San Francisco Bay to rise 5 feet by 2100, a time when many of of today’s children will still be living. Everything from driving to flying to flushing your toilet is at risk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/fa879f03-a7e8-4a48-99f2-7c9666565f1a/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our traditional historic development pattern is where we built to the bay shore or in many cases into the bay,” says \u003ca href=\"https://bos.smcgov.org/profile/dave-pine\">Dave Pine\u003c/a>, a San Mateo County supervisor. “So we don’t have any natural protection against the rising Bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural protection includes mounded earth that can absorb water and lowlands where it can flood without damaging buildings or putting the power out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”dw6ZU0luAwX6x2e4o0BnRIW3uinSzyH5″]Climate change is now pressing on a shoreline devoid of that protection, a shoreline mostly locked in place by a century of development decisions. Our predecessors filled in 80% of historic marshes, widened and spread out the lowest-lying lands along the water, and built critical resources in places most likely to flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To be honest I haven’t come across an area in the world that’s as vulnerable as the Bay Area,” says Richard Mullane, a principal landscape architect \u003ca href=\"https://www.hassellstudio.com/en/cms-news/introducing-hassell-principal-richard-mullane\">with the international firm Hassell\u003c/a>. Mullane has worked in Asia and Australia, and spent the past year working in San Mateo County. “There’s just so much low-lying land that’s impacted by even small amounts of sea level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Walls Narrow Everyone’s Options\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">P\u003c/span>lacing water treatment plants at sea level was once an engineering no-brainer: gravity drove sewage downhill, and sent treated wastewater directly into coastal waters, so these plants were more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924586\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2496px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924586\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2496\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg 2496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2496px) 100vw, 2496px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foster City Manager Jeff Moneda says it’s not just homes that are threatened by flooding from rising seas and extreme storms. It’s critical systems, including electricity and water. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But now, fifteen water treatment plants around San Francisco Bay have a sea level rise problem, and \u003ca href=\"https://bacwa.org/document/february-16-2018-bacwa-executive-board-meeting-packet/\">a dozen more could develop one\u003c/a> within your children’s or grandchildren’s lifetimes. If one fails, people inland and upland couldn’t flush their toilets; this kind of flooding would affect five times as many people on average as coastal flooding alone does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea level rise reveals to us that, in critical ways, the line we draw between water and land is an illusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The history of bay shorelines is, we define a line that separates water and land and we function on the land side of that line,” says \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/mark-stacey\">Mark Stacey\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental engineering at UC Berkeley who has studied the physics of the San Francisco Bay. “Shorelines are meant to be dynamic,” he says. “And once you lock them in place you’re creating an unnatural and an engineered shoreline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one “hardened” piece of shore changes how waves and tides move throughout the bay. Seawalls and levees fortified with riprap reflect wave energy back into the bay and keep water from spreading inland. That raises water levels everywhere. As seas rise, Stacey says more walls along one part of the bay could promote more flooding in another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you have the right to preserve your shorelines where they are or do you have an obligation to allow waters to go where they would naturally go?” Stacey wonders. “And what are the implications if your action affects those same questions for somebody else?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relationships among moving waters and the surrounding land are complex, connected, and interdependent – and that’s influencing how some people envision the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924623\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924623\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portions of San Francisco’s Embarcadero flood during a king tide on January 11, 2017. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Hard lines create the promise of risk reduction when they can’t really offer that,” says Marcel Wilson, a landscape architect who’s been working on solutions for sea level rise in San Rafael. “What they do is, they cause risk to be built up more and more, and if we can’t see that, then collectively we’ve learned nothing from the conditions that we’re seeing right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are Some Walls Necessary?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he problem is, year after year we’ve committed to living behind these lines. Billions of dollars in housing, critical infrastructure and other assets are defended by walls and levees. In some places, public officials say there’s no choice but the choice we’ve already made.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Some walls are necessary and good.’\u003ccite>Larry Goldzband, BCDC\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Two cities are seeking public support for raising walls along San Francisco Bay – Foster City voters will decide one measure on June 5, and San Francisco may weigh in on its ballot in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure P in Foster City asks voters to approve a $90 million tax to raise the city’s levee. No marshes or tidal lands protect Foster City; they were destroyed with tons of sand to create a bedroom community for Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in San Francisco, officials say multiple natural threats demand immediate repairs to the seawall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Port of San Francisco’s resilience director, Lindy Lowe, weaves among schoolkids and scooters, tourists and Tuesday lunchgoers: it’s a sunny, showoff day along the Embarcadero. Under our feet is the seawall that destroyed San Francisco’s marshlands, added acres to the city and turned the port into a deep-water powerhouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924630\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3936px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924630\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3936\" height=\"2624\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg 3936w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3936px) 100vw, 3936px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A local playground in San Rafael that is near the city’s canal and has experienced flooding, according to Shore Up Marin. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the wall is vulnerable, both to king tides and earthquakes. High tides routinely spill over the Embarcadero. More important, the seawall could fail today, in a major quake. The Embarcadero could drop several feet in an instant, and critical utility, transportation and communication systems could fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fall, the Port of San Francisco aims to ask voters to approve a $425 million bond to help protect the Embarcadero seawall from seismic and sea level risk. That would be the first bite into a project that could total three to five billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These price tags may sound high. But behind these dividing lines are billions of dollars in property. Policymakers say strengthening those defenses is both cost-effective and necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reason to try to put a marvelous new wetland in front of the Embarcadero,” says Larry Goldzband, executive director of the Bay Conservation Development Commission. “Some walls are necessary and good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Embracing the Water By Designing With It in Mind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/05/PetersonSeaLevelRisePart2.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31131_IMG_9142-sfi.jpg\" Title=\"Sea Level Rise Part II: Designing With Water In Mind\" program=\"KQED Science\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">U\u003c/span>rban designers have been exploring alternatives to walls over the last year, in the Rockefeller Foundation-funded Resilient by Design challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need things that don’t have as much maintenance,” says UC Berkeley urban ecologist Kristina Hill, a member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/san-leandro-bay/\">the All-Bay Collective team in East Oakland\u003c/a>. “Landscapes are strong and muscular and they do an enormous amount of work for us. This isn’t jewelry. This is muscle. This is doing work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Resilience is about the options that you create for yourself down the road.’\u003ccite>Marcel Wilson, Landscape Architect\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s logic Bay Area voters already have supported on a large scale, passing Measure AA in 2016. The $12 parcel tax now raises $25 million a year to restore tidal wetlands that have disappeared around San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are remarkable things both for the ecosystem and for flood protection,” says Dave Pine, who also chairs the San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority, which oversees Measure AA revenue. He acknowledges that there’s a gap between the need and the funds; of 22 projects that applied for the first round of restoration funds, only \u003ca href=\"http://sfbayrestore.org/sf-bay-restoration-authority-current-projects-TEST.php\">9 will get a kick-start\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landscape architect Marcel Wilson hopes San Rafael can get some of those funds. Wilson \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/san-rafael/\">has spent a year\u003c/a> in that city’s canal neighborhood, one of Marin’s most vulnerable places. Here, workforce housing shares blue water with yacht clubs. A traditional defense against rising waters here would rely on gates, bigger pumps, and taller walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Wilson’s team has been pushing to use raised earth to absorb water, and curved lines to redirect wave energy rather than bounce it back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Resilience is about the options that you create for yourself down the road,” Wilson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the canal neighborhood, that would mean sharing space with water, abandoning low-lying buildings, and using natural berms as a means of control. It’ll take a lot to accomplish, but Wilson’s not daunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see the beginning of an era of change,” Wilson says. “I see the opportunity for intervention. I see conditions that previous generations haven’t had to solve. And that’s exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "You can shove water back from the land, or let the land flood, but either way, San Francisco Bay is getting higher. Along more than 400 miles of shoreline, where at least 40 communities touch water, rising seas are challenging our choices about how to live with them.",
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"description": "You can shove water back from the land, or let the land flood, but either way, San Francisco Bay is getting higher. Along more than 400 miles of shoreline, where at least 40 communities touch water, rising seas are challenging our choices about how to live with them.",
"title": "Like It Or Not, the Water Is Coming: Will the Bay Area Defend Against Rising Seas, or Embrace Them? | KQED",
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"headline": "Like It Or Not, the Water Is Coming: Will the Bay Area Defend Against Rising Seas, or Embrace Them?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">Y\u003c/span>ou can shove water back from the land, or let the land flood, but either way, San Francisco Bay is getting higher. Along more than 400 miles of bayfront, in at least forty communities that touch water, the once-sneaky problem of sea level rise is revealing itself as it accelerates. At airports, at power plants, in subsiding urban areas and in shoreline development, rising seas are challenging our choices about living next to water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘To be honest I haven’t come across an area in the world that’s as vulnerable as the Bay Area.’\u003ccite>Richard Mullane, Hassell\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A History of Defending\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>ince the days when our best gauge was a numbered stick and a sharp-eyed observer, San Francisco Bay has been rising. At the Presidio station tidal gauge, the level of the bay has risen 8 inches since 1900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the state of California is warning nine Bay Area counties that climate change means the bay is rising faster. Extreme tides, whipped by storms, have become both more frequent and more extreme. California’s latest and best word on sea levels, a report issued last spring \u003ca href=\"http://www.oceansciencetrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OST-Sea-Level-Rising-Report-Final_Amended.pdf\">predicts\u003c/a> that San Francisco Bay could rise from five to 15 times faster this century than the last one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As water claims more space in our bay, we can choose to embrace it, or separate ourselves from it. We can learn to love a wetter landscape, or battle flooding and the risk we perceive from it. And over the past century, we’ve mostly chosen the latter course: to defend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here’s What’s in the Path of Sea Level Rise\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Scientists say climate change could cause San Francisco Bay to rise 5 feet by 2100, a time when many of of today’s children will still be living. Everything from driving to flying to flushing your toilet is at risk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/fa879f03-a7e8-4a48-99f2-7c9666565f1a/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our traditional historic development pattern is where we built to the bay shore or in many cases into the bay,” says \u003ca href=\"https://bos.smcgov.org/profile/dave-pine\">Dave Pine\u003c/a>, a San Mateo County supervisor. “So we don’t have any natural protection against the rising Bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural protection includes mounded earth that can absorb water and lowlands where it can flood without damaging buildings or putting the power out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Climate change is now pressing on a shoreline devoid of that protection, a shoreline mostly locked in place by a century of development decisions. Our predecessors filled in 80% of historic marshes, widened and spread out the lowest-lying lands along the water, and built critical resources in places most likely to flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To be honest I haven’t come across an area in the world that’s as vulnerable as the Bay Area,” says Richard Mullane, a principal landscape architect \u003ca href=\"https://www.hassellstudio.com/en/cms-news/introducing-hassell-principal-richard-mullane\">with the international firm Hassell\u003c/a>. Mullane has worked in Asia and Australia, and spent the past year working in San Mateo County. “There’s just so much low-lying land that’s impacted by even small amounts of sea level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Walls Narrow Everyone’s Options\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">P\u003c/span>lacing water treatment plants at sea level was once an engineering no-brainer: gravity drove sewage downhill, and sent treated wastewater directly into coastal waters, so these plants were more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924586\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2496px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924586\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2496\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg 2496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2496px) 100vw, 2496px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foster City Manager Jeff Moneda says it’s not just homes that are threatened by flooding from rising seas and extreme storms. It’s critical systems, including electricity and water. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But now, fifteen water treatment plants around San Francisco Bay have a sea level rise problem, and \u003ca href=\"https://bacwa.org/document/february-16-2018-bacwa-executive-board-meeting-packet/\">a dozen more could develop one\u003c/a> within your children’s or grandchildren’s lifetimes. If one fails, people inland and upland couldn’t flush their toilets; this kind of flooding would affect five times as many people on average as coastal flooding alone does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea level rise reveals to us that, in critical ways, the line we draw between water and land is an illusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The history of bay shorelines is, we define a line that separates water and land and we function on the land side of that line,” says \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/mark-stacey\">Mark Stacey\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental engineering at UC Berkeley who has studied the physics of the San Francisco Bay. “Shorelines are meant to be dynamic,” he says. “And once you lock them in place you’re creating an unnatural and an engineered shoreline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one “hardened” piece of shore changes how waves and tides move throughout the bay. Seawalls and levees fortified with riprap reflect wave energy back into the bay and keep water from spreading inland. That raises water levels everywhere. As seas rise, Stacey says more walls along one part of the bay could promote more flooding in another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you have the right to preserve your shorelines where they are or do you have an obligation to allow waters to go where they would naturally go?” Stacey wonders. “And what are the implications if your action affects those same questions for somebody else?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relationships among moving waters and the surrounding land are complex, connected, and interdependent – and that’s influencing how some people envision the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924623\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924623\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portions of San Francisco’s Embarcadero flood during a king tide on January 11, 2017. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Hard lines create the promise of risk reduction when they can’t really offer that,” says Marcel Wilson, a landscape architect who’s been working on solutions for sea level rise in San Rafael. “What they do is, they cause risk to be built up more and more, and if we can’t see that, then collectively we’ve learned nothing from the conditions that we’re seeing right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are Some Walls Necessary?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he problem is, year after year we’ve committed to living behind these lines. Billions of dollars in housing, critical infrastructure and other assets are defended by walls and levees. In some places, public officials say there’s no choice but the choice we’ve already made.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Some walls are necessary and good.’\u003ccite>Larry Goldzband, BCDC\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Two cities are seeking public support for raising walls along San Francisco Bay – Foster City voters will decide one measure on June 5, and San Francisco may weigh in on its ballot in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure P in Foster City asks voters to approve a $90 million tax to raise the city’s levee. No marshes or tidal lands protect Foster City; they were destroyed with tons of sand to create a bedroom community for Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in San Francisco, officials say multiple natural threats demand immediate repairs to the seawall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Port of San Francisco’s resilience director, Lindy Lowe, weaves among schoolkids and scooters, tourists and Tuesday lunchgoers: it’s a sunny, showoff day along the Embarcadero. Under our feet is the seawall that destroyed San Francisco’s marshlands, added acres to the city and turned the port into a deep-water powerhouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924630\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3936px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924630\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3936\" height=\"2624\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg 3936w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3936px) 100vw, 3936px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A local playground in San Rafael that is near the city’s canal and has experienced flooding, according to Shore Up Marin. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the wall is vulnerable, both to king tides and earthquakes. High tides routinely spill over the Embarcadero. More important, the seawall could fail today, in a major quake. The Embarcadero could drop several feet in an instant, and critical utility, transportation and communication systems could fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fall, the Port of San Francisco aims to ask voters to approve a $425 million bond to help protect the Embarcadero seawall from seismic and sea level risk. That would be the first bite into a project that could total three to five billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These price tags may sound high. But behind these dividing lines are billions of dollars in property. Policymakers say strengthening those defenses is both cost-effective and necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reason to try to put a marvelous new wetland in front of the Embarcadero,” says Larry Goldzband, executive director of the Bay Conservation Development Commission. “Some walls are necessary and good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Embracing the Water By Designing With It in Mind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">U\u003c/span>rban designers have been exploring alternatives to walls over the last year, in the Rockefeller Foundation-funded Resilient by Design challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need things that don’t have as much maintenance,” says UC Berkeley urban ecologist Kristina Hill, a member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/san-leandro-bay/\">the All-Bay Collective team in East Oakland\u003c/a>. “Landscapes are strong and muscular and they do an enormous amount of work for us. This isn’t jewelry. This is muscle. This is doing work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Resilience is about the options that you create for yourself down the road.’\u003ccite>Marcel Wilson, Landscape Architect\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s logic Bay Area voters already have supported on a large scale, passing Measure AA in 2016. The $12 parcel tax now raises $25 million a year to restore tidal wetlands that have disappeared around San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are remarkable things both for the ecosystem and for flood protection,” says Dave Pine, who also chairs the San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority, which oversees Measure AA revenue. He acknowledges that there’s a gap between the need and the funds; of 22 projects that applied for the first round of restoration funds, only \u003ca href=\"http://sfbayrestore.org/sf-bay-restoration-authority-current-projects-TEST.php\">9 will get a kick-start\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landscape architect Marcel Wilson hopes San Rafael can get some of those funds. Wilson \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/san-rafael/\">has spent a year\u003c/a> in that city’s canal neighborhood, one of Marin’s most vulnerable places. Here, workforce housing shares blue water with yacht clubs. A traditional defense against rising waters here would rely on gates, bigger pumps, and taller walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Wilson’s team has been pushing to use raised earth to absorb water, and curved lines to redirect wave energy rather than bounce it back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Resilience is about the options that you create for yourself down the road,” Wilson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the canal neighborhood, that would mean sharing space with water, abandoning low-lying buildings, and using natural berms as a means of control. It’ll take a lot to accomplish, but Wilson’s not daunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see the beginning of an era of change,” Wilson says. “I see the opportunity for intervention. I see conditions that previous generations haven’t had to solve. And that’s exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://voterguide.sos.ca.gov/propositions/68/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 68\u003c/a> is a $4.1 billion bond measure that will clean up dilapidated parks, improve water projects, upgrade flood protection and protect scenic open spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What You Need to Know About Proposition 68\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>About two-thirds of the money would be dedicated to parks and wildlife, and one-third would be allocated to water and flood control projects.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Payments on the bond will cost taxpayers about $200 million annually over 40 years.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=68&year=2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a> (LAO) estimates the\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> infrastructure investments will likely save communities tens of millions of dollars annually.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Here’s how the allocations break down:\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Parks and Recreation: $1.283 billion for neighborhood parks in low-income communities, plus city and county park facilities\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Natural Resources: $1.547 billion for conservation projects and climate change preparedness\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Water: $1.27 billion for drinking water treatment, groundwater clean-up and flood protection\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did Proposition 68 Get on the Ballot?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 68 was written by state Sen. Kevin de León, D-Los Angeles, and was placed on the ballot by a two-thirds vote of state lawmakers last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I grew up in a neighborhood in San Diego that was all asphalt, that was concrete and cement,” de León says. “No green parks. No open space. No trees for shade. This is an intentional way of democratizing our benefits so that every child regardless of their zip code has access to Mother Nature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Support It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prop. 68 provides funding for disaster prevention, clean drinking water and safe parks for children and future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923211\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 5184px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1923211\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"5184\" height=\"3456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg 5184w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5184px) 100vw, 5184px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fellow “fairy lanterns” bloom at Sugarloaf Ridge State Park. This year they are especially abundant following the recent wildfire. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Voters have not approved a statewide ballot measure to fund parks, beaches, wildlife and forests in 12 years. Environmentalists say the measure is necessary to protect the state from droughts, floods, sea level rise and wildfires that are likely to increase in intensity under climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s never a mistake to invest in people and nature,” said Louis Blumberg, of The Nature Conservancy. “We look back and we always say we are glad we did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other proponents include the American Lung Association in California, California Chamber of Commerce and The Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Oppose It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no organized campaign against the measure. But some critics do not support more state debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t borrow more,” said Sen. John Moorlach, R-Orange County. “We should pay as we go. We actually have extra money because the state has a budget surplus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s budget surplus is $9 billion, but Governor Jerry Brown argues that money should remain in a rainy day fund. Moorlach disagrees because a bond like Proposition 68 will end up costing a lot more than it’s initial price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you borrow money you have to pay double for the infrastructure because of the interest costs,” said Moorlach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interest on Prop. 68 will cost about 200 million dollars annually for 40 years. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=68&year=2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a> that’s about about one-fifth of one percent of the state’s current General Fund budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California voters have not passed a statewide ballot measure to provide funding for parks, beaches, wildlife and forests since 2006. This measure provides 4.1 billion dollars for parks, beaches and water projects, with a focus on parks in low-income neighborhoods.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://voterguide.sos.ca.gov/propositions/68/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 68\u003c/a> is a $4.1 billion bond measure that will clean up dilapidated parks, improve water projects, upgrade flood protection and protect scenic open spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What You Need to Know About Proposition 68\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>About two-thirds of the money would be dedicated to parks and wildlife, and one-third would be allocated to water and flood control projects.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Payments on the bond will cost taxpayers about $200 million annually over 40 years.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=68&year=2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a> (LAO) estimates the\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> infrastructure investments will likely save communities tens of millions of dollars annually.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Here’s how the allocations break down:\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Parks and Recreation: $1.283 billion for neighborhood parks in low-income communities, plus city and county park facilities\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Natural Resources: $1.547 billion for conservation projects and climate change preparedness\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Water: $1.27 billion for drinking water treatment, groundwater clean-up and flood protection\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did Proposition 68 Get on the Ballot?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 68 was written by state Sen. Kevin de León, D-Los Angeles, and was placed on the ballot by a two-thirds vote of state lawmakers last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I grew up in a neighborhood in San Diego that was all asphalt, that was concrete and cement,” de León says. “No green parks. No open space. No trees for shade. This is an intentional way of democratizing our benefits so that every child regardless of their zip code has access to Mother Nature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Support It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prop. 68 provides funding for disaster prevention, clean drinking water and safe parks for children and future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923211\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 5184px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1923211\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"5184\" height=\"3456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg 5184w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5184px) 100vw, 5184px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fellow “fairy lanterns” bloom at Sugarloaf Ridge State Park. This year they are especially abundant following the recent wildfire. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Voters have not approved a statewide ballot measure to fund parks, beaches, wildlife and forests in 12 years. Environmentalists say the measure is necessary to protect the state from droughts, floods, sea level rise and wildfires that are likely to increase in intensity under climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s never a mistake to invest in people and nature,” said Louis Blumberg, of The Nature Conservancy. “We look back and we always say we are glad we did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other proponents include the American Lung Association in California, California Chamber of Commerce and The Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Oppose It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no organized campaign against the measure. But some critics do not support more state debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t borrow more,” said Sen. John Moorlach, R-Orange County. “We should pay as we go. We actually have extra money because the state has a budget surplus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s budget surplus is $9 billion, but Governor Jerry Brown argues that money should remain in a rainy day fund. Moorlach disagrees because a bond like Proposition 68 will end up costing a lot more than it’s initial price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you borrow money you have to pay double for the infrastructure because of the interest costs,” said Moorlach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interest on Prop. 68 will cost about 200 million dollars annually for 40 years. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=68&year=2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a> that’s about about one-fifth of one percent of the state’s current General Fund budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Cities vs. Big Oil: Judge Asks for More Information in Climate Lawsuit",
"headTitle": "Cities vs. Big Oil: Judge Asks for More Information in Climate Lawsuit | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>[audio mp3=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/ClimateLiabilityWestervelt180525.mp3\"][/audio]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: May 24, 6:00 p.m.\u003cbr>\nby Amy Westervelt\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit brought by Oakland and San Francisco against large oil companies will move forward. But not because Judge William Alsup ruled on the oil companies’ motions to dismiss the case at today’s hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead Alsup is asking both sides to prepare additional written arguments by next week. He’s requested each provide a \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">10-page brief outlining whether he needs to balance the benefits of fossil fuels with their impacts in this case, and why. \u003c/span>He’s also given them two months to collect more evidence, in the form of documents and interviews. The additional evidence is meant to clarify whether the case is within the jurisdiction of the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A final ruling on the motions to dismiss is expected in August. If the case does move forward, it could be the first of its kind to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Post:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">It’s a make-or-break day in court for the Bay Area cities claiming oil companies are legally responsible for climate change impacts. On Thursday, a federal judge will hear arguments about \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-con\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">whether to dismiss claims\u003c/span>\u003c/a> from San Francisco and Oakland against Chevron, Shell, BP, ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Climate change is a serious issue but litigation is not a serious solution to the problem,” says Josh Lipshutz, a partner at Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher, the firm representing Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The cities argue that carbon emissions from the fossil fuels produced, refined and sold by the companies are directly responsible for changing climate and for its key impact along Bay Area shorelines: rising seas. Last September, cities brought claims under California public nuisance law, which has offered relief where companies fail to notify customers of the dangers of their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">San Francisco and Oakland are seeking millions of dollars to help the region adapt to rising sea levels. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">state-commissioned report on climate change\u003c/span>\u003c/a> last year found that sea levels could swell by more than three feet by century’s end, and in catastrophic emissions scenarios, by as much as 10 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside>’Climate change is a serious issue but litigation is not a serious solution to the problem.’\u003ccite>Josh Lipshutz, Lawyer for Chevron\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lawyers for the oil companies countered, successfully, that federal law governs the companies’ activity, forcing the cities to \u003cspan class=\"s2\">amend\u003c/span> their initial claims. The companies also maintain that no federal common law claim exists to provide the cities a remedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Climate science \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921434\">has played a prominent role\u003c/a> in the early stages of the legal dispute. District Court Judge William Alsup drew attention to the case \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921232/what-exxon-knew-and-when-they-knew-it-climate-science-in-s-f-federal-court\">when he took the unorthodox step\u003c/a> of asking both sides for a “climate tutorial,” back in March. At the same time, he also invited the Trump Administration to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In a friend-of-the-court brief, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/2018051\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">filed two weeks ago\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the federal Justice Department has argued that the Clean Air Act preempts the cities’ common law claims, and that federal regulators — not courts — should handle the problems of carbon emissions and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Three states – California, New Jersey, and Washington – \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/20180503_docket-317-cv-06011_amicus-motion-1.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">have sought the right to file an amicus brief\u003c/span>\u003c/a> on behalf of San Francisco and Oakland, while Republican attorneys general from 15 states, including Colorado, Kansas, and Louisiana, \u003ca href=\"https://content.govdelivery.com/attachments/INAG/2018/04/20/file_attachments/994064/Amicus%2BBrief%2B224-1.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">have sided\u003c/span>\u003c/a> with the oil companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the Thursday hearing, Judge Alsup could agree to dismiss the case on the spot, order the cities to amend their claims further, or permit the case to proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">As the dispute between these two cities and five oil companies has proceeded in one federal courtroom, in another, similar legal claims are taking a more circuitous route forward. In March, federal District Court Judge Vince Chhabria sent claims from three other local jurisdictions – San Mateo County, Marin, and Imperial Beach – to state court. Those claims remain in legal limbo while the industry defendants seek to move them back to federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">If Alsup sends San Francisco and Oakland’s claims forward to trial, it would be the first climate liability case to get that far.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: May 24, 6:00 p.m.\u003cbr>\nby Amy Westervelt\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit brought by Oakland and San Francisco against large oil companies will move forward. But not because Judge William Alsup ruled on the oil companies’ motions to dismiss the case at today’s hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead Alsup is asking both sides to prepare additional written arguments by next week. He’s requested each provide a \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">10-page brief outlining whether he needs to balance the benefits of fossil fuels with their impacts in this case, and why. \u003c/span>He’s also given them two months to collect more evidence, in the form of documents and interviews. The additional evidence is meant to clarify whether the case is within the jurisdiction of the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A final ruling on the motions to dismiss is expected in August. If the case does move forward, it could be the first of its kind to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Post:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">It’s a make-or-break day in court for the Bay Area cities claiming oil companies are legally responsible for climate change impacts. On Thursday, a federal judge will hear arguments about \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-con\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">whether to dismiss claims\u003c/span>\u003c/a> from San Francisco and Oakland against Chevron, Shell, BP, ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Climate change is a serious issue but litigation is not a serious solution to the problem,” says Josh Lipshutz, a partner at Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher, the firm representing Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The cities argue that carbon emissions from the fossil fuels produced, refined and sold by the companies are directly responsible for changing climate and for its key impact along Bay Area shorelines: rising seas. Last September, cities brought claims under California public nuisance law, which has offered relief where companies fail to notify customers of the dangers of their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">San Francisco and Oakland are seeking millions of dollars to help the region adapt to rising sea levels. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">state-commissioned report on climate change\u003c/span>\u003c/a> last year found that sea levels could swell by more than three feet by century’s end, and in catastrophic emissions scenarios, by as much as 10 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside>’Climate change is a serious issue but litigation is not a serious solution to the problem.’\u003ccite>Josh Lipshutz, Lawyer for Chevron\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lawyers for the oil companies countered, successfully, that federal law governs the companies’ activity, forcing the cities to \u003cspan class=\"s2\">amend\u003c/span> their initial claims. The companies also maintain that no federal common law claim exists to provide the cities a remedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Climate science \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921434\">has played a prominent role\u003c/a> in the early stages of the legal dispute. District Court Judge William Alsup drew attention to the case \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921232/what-exxon-knew-and-when-they-knew-it-climate-science-in-s-f-federal-court\">when he took the unorthodox step\u003c/a> of asking both sides for a “climate tutorial,” back in March. At the same time, he also invited the Trump Administration to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In a friend-of-the-court brief, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/2018051\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">filed two weeks ago\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the federal Justice Department has argued that the Clean Air Act preempts the cities’ common law claims, and that federal regulators — not courts — should handle the problems of carbon emissions and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Three states – California, New Jersey, and Washington – \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/20180503_docket-317-cv-06011_amicus-motion-1.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">have sought the right to file an amicus brief\u003c/span>\u003c/a> on behalf of San Francisco and Oakland, while Republican attorneys general from 15 states, including Colorado, Kansas, and Louisiana, \u003ca href=\"https://content.govdelivery.com/attachments/INAG/2018/04/20/file_attachments/994064/Amicus%2BBrief%2B224-1.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">have sided\u003c/span>\u003c/a> with the oil companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the Thursday hearing, Judge Alsup could agree to dismiss the case on the spot, order the cities to amend their claims further, or permit the case to proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">As the dispute between these two cities and five oil companies has proceeded in one federal courtroom, in another, similar legal claims are taking a more circuitous route forward. In March, federal District Court Judge Vince Chhabria sent claims from three other local jurisdictions – San Mateo County, Marin, and Imperial Beach – to state court. Those claims remain in legal limbo while the industry defendants seek to move them back to federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">If Alsup sends San Francisco and Oakland’s claims forward to trial, it would be the first climate liability case to get that far.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"order": 9
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
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"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
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"source": "American Public Media"
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
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},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
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"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"meta": {
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"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
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},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
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"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
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},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
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"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
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},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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