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"content": "\u003cp>On Tuesday, 50-year-old swimmer Ben Lecomte will push off from a beach in Choshi, Japan, wearing a shark repellent bracelet and an armband to track radiation in the ocean. He hopes to reach San Francisco in six months as the first person to swim across the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A successful 5,500-mile journey will be a feat of athleticism and a major scientific opportunity. Lecomte, a Frenchman now living in Texas, is traveling alongside a boat with a six-person crew. He’ll swim eight hours per day on a route that includes the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and the White Shark Migration Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientific partners, including NASA and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, have provided equipment for the swimmer’s crew to conduct research on his body and the ocean along the way. They’ll gather over 1,000 water samples, in part to gather data on pollution and plant life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lecomte has been planning the journey since he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/08/23/433926565/ben-lecomte-swam-across-the-atlantic-next-he-tries-the-pacific\">swam across the Atlantic Ocean\u003c/a> 20 years ago. This time, he’ll pick up each morning exactly where he left the night before, in hopes that this swim will become an official record. Seeker.com and Discovery have teamed up to track \u003ca href=\"https://www.seeker.com/theswim\">the journey\u003c/a>, which Lecomte is doing in part to raise awareness for climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ocean is in peril,” he says. “I think it’s my duty to use my passion to make a little change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Weekend Edition\u003c/em>‘s Lulu Garcia-Navarro spoke with Lecomte as he prepares for his swim.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Interview highlights \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On starting the swim\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real training will start when I jump in the water. Because it’s not something you can really replicate, you know — swimming eight hours a day, sleeping on the boat and having limited contact with the outside — it’s very particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what scares Lecomte about the trip\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sharks are there, I mean, that’s their environment. But for me, the biggest concern, I think — it’s mostly the cold water. Because you can do so much in cold water after so many hours in the water, and no matter how thick your wetsuit is, you get cold, and it’s very, very uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After his swim across the Atlantic, Lecomte said “never again” \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t take that long for me to change my mind. Three, four months afterwards I was already thinking about my next adventure and doing something kind of the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had the idea of the swim in the Pacific early on, but I got married and had children so I put that on the side. That was my priority, and now I come back to that dream that I had. I don’t want to live with any regrets, so it’s something that I’ve pursued, and I’m determined to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On his children, who will join the last leg of Lecomte’s journey\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are very enthusiastic. They are with me right now, they were on the boat last night with me and they are going to be on the boat tonight, and love it. We swim very often together, so we share the same passion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On why he’s swimming across the Pacific \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean is in peril. I’m very sensitive to my kids and knowing what they are going to have in their lives. I think it’s my duty to try to use my passion to make a little change. We have to find what our role is if we want to preserve what we have. And that’s very important for me — and for me to do that for my children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=To+Raise+Awareness+For+Climate+Change%2C+50-Year-Old+Makes+Bid+To+Swim+Across+Pacific&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Tuesday, 50-year-old swimmer Ben Lecomte will push off from a beach in Choshi, Japan, wearing a shark repellent bracelet and an armband to track radiation in the ocean. He hopes to reach San Francisco in six months as the first person to swim across the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A successful 5,500-mile journey will be a feat of athleticism and a major scientific opportunity. Lecomte, a Frenchman now living in Texas, is traveling alongside a boat with a six-person crew. He’ll swim eight hours per day on a route that includes the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and the White Shark Migration Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientific partners, including NASA and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, have provided equipment for the swimmer’s crew to conduct research on his body and the ocean along the way. They’ll gather over 1,000 water samples, in part to gather data on pollution and plant life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lecomte has been planning the journey since he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2015/08/23/433926565/ben-lecomte-swam-across-the-atlantic-next-he-tries-the-pacific\">swam across the Atlantic Ocean\u003c/a> 20 years ago. This time, he’ll pick up each morning exactly where he left the night before, in hopes that this swim will become an official record. Seeker.com and Discovery have teamed up to track \u003ca href=\"https://www.seeker.com/theswim\">the journey\u003c/a>, which Lecomte is doing in part to raise awareness for climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ocean is in peril,” he says. “I think it’s my duty to use my passion to make a little change.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Weekend Edition\u003c/em>‘s Lulu Garcia-Navarro spoke with Lecomte as he prepares for his swim.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Interview highlights \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On starting the swim\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real training will start when I jump in the water. Because it’s not something you can really replicate, you know — swimming eight hours a day, sleeping on the boat and having limited contact with the outside — it’s very particular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On what scares Lecomte about the trip\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sharks are there, I mean, that’s their environment. But for me, the biggest concern, I think — it’s mostly the cold water. Because you can do so much in cold water after so many hours in the water, and no matter how thick your wetsuit is, you get cold, and it’s very, very uncomfortable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>After his swim across the Atlantic, Lecomte said “never again” \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t take that long for me to change my mind. Three, four months afterwards I was already thinking about my next adventure and doing something kind of the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I had the idea of the swim in the Pacific early on, but I got married and had children so I put that on the side. That was my priority, and now I come back to that dream that I had. I don’t want to live with any regrets, so it’s something that I’ve pursued, and I’m determined to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On his children, who will join the last leg of Lecomte’s journey\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are very enthusiastic. They are with me right now, they were on the boat last night with me and they are going to be on the boat tonight, and love it. We swim very often together, so we share the same passion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On why he’s swimming across the Pacific \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ocean is in peril. I’m very sensitive to my kids and knowing what they are going to have in their lives. I think it’s my duty to try to use my passion to make a little change. We have to find what our role is if we want to preserve what we have. And that’s very important for me — and for me to do that for my children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=To+Raise+Awareness+For+Climate+Change%2C+50-Year-Old+Makes+Bid+To+Swim+Across+Pacific&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Get ready to tighten those faucets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown signed a pair of bills into law on Thursday that create a framework for permanent statewide water efficiency standards, whether the state is in drought or not.[contextly_sidebar id=”4TcRMLsNwPNhYLFtMZj93EwOft3t4XqZ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In preparation for the next drought and our changing environment, we must use our precious resources wisely. We have efficiency goals for energy and cars — and now we have them for water,” said\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/05/31/governor-brown-signs-legislation-establishing-statewide-water-efficiency-goals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Brown\u003c/a> in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new standards, which must be met by 2020, set limits on personal water use and require water providers to develop annual water budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The laws set an initial limit for indoor water use of 55 gallons per-person per-day in 2022, which gradually drops to 50 gallons per person by 2030. Just how consumers will be required to meet the goals remains unknown. — \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211333594.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/05/31/california-drought-jerry-brown-sets-permanent-water-conservation-rules-with-new-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News\u003c/a> reports that the new mandates are a response to pushback from water suppliers who complained about the strict standards enacted during the emergency drought period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The laws are a response to complaints from some water agencies that the mandatory water targets the Brown administration put in place during the drought were too inflexible and didn’t take into account local water supplies, population growth and other factors.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Californians used an average of 90 gallons of indoor and outdoor water per day in 2017, down from 109 gallons in 2013, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Water Board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some environmentalists expressed disappointment with the new standards, writes Paul Rogers for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/05/31/california-drought-jerry-brown-sets-permanent-water-conservation-rules-with-new-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Environmentalists like Sierra Club California said the rules didn’t go far enough. Of particular concern was a compromise inserted in the bill that allowed cities and water districts to get 15 percent credit on their water use totals if they produce certain types of recycled water.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>State regulators will conduct studies and consult with local districts to establish appropriate outdoor targets that take into account local needs, reports the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211333594.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources and State Water Resources Control Board will conduct studies and recommend standards for outdoor use by October 2021. State regulators will consult with local districts, recognizing differences in climate, water availability and demand across the state, to establish outdoor targets. Water districts that have already taken steps, such as recycling, to broaden their water supply could get more leeway even in dry conditions.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Brown declared a state of emergency in response to the drought and the following year, temporary limits on water use were established. Those measures were lifted in \u003ca href=\"https://drought.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Get ready to tighten those faucets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown signed a pair of bills into law on Thursday that create a framework for permanent statewide water efficiency standards, whether the state is in drought or not.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In preparation for the next drought and our changing environment, we must use our precious resources wisely. We have efficiency goals for energy and cars — and now we have them for water,” said\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2018/05/31/governor-brown-signs-legislation-establishing-statewide-water-efficiency-goals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Brown\u003c/a> in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new standards, which must be met by 2020, set limits on personal water use and require water providers to develop annual water budgets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The laws set an initial limit for indoor water use of 55 gallons per-person per-day in 2022, which gradually drops to 50 gallons per person by 2030. Just how consumers will be required to meet the goals remains unknown. — \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211333594.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/05/31/california-drought-jerry-brown-sets-permanent-water-conservation-rules-with-new-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News\u003c/a> reports that the new mandates are a response to pushback from water suppliers who complained about the strict standards enacted during the emergency drought period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The laws are a response to complaints from some water agencies that the mandatory water targets the Brown administration put in place during the drought were too inflexible and didn’t take into account local water supplies, population growth and other factors.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Californians used an average of 90 gallons of indoor and outdoor water per day in 2017, down from 109 gallons in 2013, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.waterboards.ca.gov\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State Water Board\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some environmentalists expressed disappointment with the new standards, writes Paul Rogers for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/05/31/california-drought-jerry-brown-sets-permanent-water-conservation-rules-with-new-laws/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mercury News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Environmentalists like Sierra Club California said the rules didn’t go far enough. Of particular concern was a compromise inserted in the bill that allowed cities and water districts to get 15 percent credit on their water use totals if they produce certain types of recycled water.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>State regulators will conduct studies and consult with local districts to establish appropriate outdoor targets that take into account local needs, reports the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article211333594.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacramento Bee.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The Department of Water Resources and State Water Resources Control Board will conduct studies and recommend standards for outdoor use by October 2021. State regulators will consult with local districts, recognizing differences in climate, water availability and demand across the state, to establish outdoor targets. Water districts that have already taken steps, such as recycling, to broaden their water supply could get more leeway even in dry conditions.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, Brown declared a state of emergency in response to the drought and the following year, temporary limits on water use were established. Those measures were lifted in \u003ca href=\"https://drought.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California utilities will invest nearly $768 million to expand a network of charging stations and build other infrastructure for electric vehicles as the state moves toward a goal of 5 million zero-emission cars on the roads by 2030.[contextly_sidebar id=”8Otz20GKvE2W2ODwNEDfFvBarpZObIqX”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission voted 5-0 Thursday to pay for programs statewide over the next five years, with an emphasis on establishing facilities in disadvantaged communities where traffic and air pollution are often heaviest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The funding includes $136 million by San Diego Gas & Electric Co. to provide rebates for as many as 60,000 customers to install home charging stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pacific Gas & Electric will build 230 direct current fast-charging stations, for a total of nearly $22.5 million. And PG&E and Southern California Edison will spend a combined $580 million to support the electrification of almost 15,000 medium- and heavy-duty vehicles including transit and school buses, semi-trucks, forklifts and cargo equipment at ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re successful with this and other electrification efforts already underway, much of the nation will likely follow California’s lead,” said CPUC Commissioner Carla J. Peterman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utilities initially asked for $1 billion to implement the projects. After a series of workshops and hearings, the CPUC decided on a budget of approximately $738 million, with an additional $29.5 million for program evaluation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall plan is a result of a 2016 CPUC order directing utilities to submit applications proposing projects aimed at accelerating transportation electrification across all sectors, from light-duty passenger cars to medium- and heavy-duty fleet, transit and freight vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edison’s Katie Sloan estimated its projects would lead to a monthly bill increase for customers of about 50 cents over a few years. After that, she said, ratepayers will see their bills steadily drop as the infrastructure is completed.[contextly_sidebar id=”MURzGbfzpuBlzEbCG9L6iEyWDNtxBSPO”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E and SDGE did not immediately have estimates for whether their plans would increase monthly bills for customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown in January outlined a $2.5 billion proposal to help Californians buy electric vehicles as part of a long-term plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Currently there are about 350,000 zero-emission vehicles on California roads; Brown wants that number to grow 15-fold over the next dozen years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic governor has positioned California as a global leader in fighting climate change amid President Donald Trump’s decision to pull the U.S. out of the Paris climate accord.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California utilities will invest nearly $768 million to expand a network of charging stations and build other infrastructure for electric vehicles as the state moves toward a goal of 5 million zero-emission cars on the roads by 2030.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Public Utilities Commission voted 5-0 Thursday to pay for programs statewide over the next five years, with an emphasis on establishing facilities in disadvantaged communities where traffic and air pollution are often heaviest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The funding includes $136 million by San Diego Gas & Electric Co. to provide rebates for as many as 60,000 customers to install home charging stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pacific Gas & Electric will build 230 direct current fast-charging stations, for a total of nearly $22.5 million. And PG&E and Southern California Edison will spend a combined $580 million to support the electrification of almost 15,000 medium- and heavy-duty vehicles including transit and school buses, semi-trucks, forklifts and cargo equipment at ports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re successful with this and other electrification efforts already underway, much of the nation will likely follow California’s lead,” said CPUC Commissioner Carla J. Peterman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The utilities initially asked for $1 billion to implement the projects. After a series of workshops and hearings, the CPUC decided on a budget of approximately $738 million, with an additional $29.5 million for program evaluation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall plan is a result of a 2016 CPUC order directing utilities to submit applications proposing projects aimed at accelerating transportation electrification across all sectors, from light-duty passenger cars to medium- and heavy-duty fleet, transit and freight vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edison’s Katie Sloan estimated its projects would lead to a monthly bill increase for customers of about 50 cents over a few years. After that, she said, ratepayers will see their bills steadily drop as the infrastructure is completed.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E and SDGE did not immediately have estimates for whether their plans would increase monthly bills for customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown in January outlined a $2.5 billion proposal to help Californians buy electric vehicles as part of a long-term plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Currently there are about 350,000 zero-emission vehicles on California roads; Brown wants that number to grow 15-fold over the next dozen years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic governor has positioned California as a global leader in fighting climate change amid President Donald Trump’s decision to pull the U.S. out of the Paris climate accord.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "MAP: See Whether Your Home Is at Risk From Rising Seas",
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"content": "\u003cp>Scientists say climate change will cause San Francisco Bay to rise up to five feet by 2100, when many of today’s children will still be living. Click on the ‘search’ spotlight icon on the lower left of this map and enter an address — your home, school, church, or anyplace else — to see how that place will be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/fa879f03-a7e8-4a48-99f2-7c9666565f1a/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Scientists say climate change will cause San Francisco Bay to rise by up to 5 feet by 2100, when many of today's children will still be living. Click on this map to enter an address -- your home, school, church, or anyplace else -- and see how that spot will be affected.",
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"title": "Like It Or Not, the Water Is Coming: Will the Bay Area Defend Against Rising Seas, or Embrace Them?",
"headTitle": "Like It Or Not, the Water Is Coming: Will the Bay Area Defend Against Rising Seas, or Embrace Them? | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">Y\u003c/span>ou can shove water back from the land, or let the land flood, but either way, San Francisco Bay is getting higher. Along more than 400 miles of bayfront, in at least forty communities that touch water, the once-sneaky problem of sea level rise is revealing itself as it accelerates. At airports, at power plants, in subsiding urban areas and in shoreline development, rising seas are challenging our choices about living next to water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘To be honest I haven’t come across an area in the world that’s as vulnerable as the Bay Area.’\u003ccite>Richard Mullane, Hassell\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A History of Defending\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>ince the days when our best gauge was a numbered stick and a sharp-eyed observer, San Francisco Bay has been rising. At the Presidio station tidal gauge, the level of the bay has risen 8 inches since 1900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the state of California is warning nine Bay Area counties that climate change means the bay is rising faster. Extreme tides, whipped by storms, have become both more frequent and more extreme. California’s latest and best word on sea levels, a report issued last spring \u003ca href=\"http://www.oceansciencetrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OST-Sea-Level-Rising-Report-Final_Amended.pdf\">predicts\u003c/a> that San Francisco Bay could rise from five to 15 times faster this century than the last one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As water claims more space in our bay, we can choose to embrace it, or separate ourselves from it. We can learn to love a wetter landscape, or battle flooding and the risk we perceive from it. And over the past century, we’ve mostly chosen the latter course: to defend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here’s What’s in the Path of Sea Level Rise\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Scientists say climate change could cause San Francisco Bay to rise 5 feet by 2100, a time when many of of today’s children will still be living. Everything from driving to flying to flushing your toilet is at risk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/fa879f03-a7e8-4a48-99f2-7c9666565f1a/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our traditional historic development pattern is where we built to the bay shore or in many cases into the bay,” says \u003ca href=\"https://bos.smcgov.org/profile/dave-pine\">Dave Pine\u003c/a>, a San Mateo County supervisor. “So we don’t have any natural protection against the rising Bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural protection includes mounded earth that can absorb water and lowlands where it can flood without damaging buildings or putting the power out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”dw6ZU0luAwX6x2e4o0BnRIW3uinSzyH5″]Climate change is now pressing on a shoreline devoid of that protection, a shoreline mostly locked in place by a century of development decisions. Our predecessors filled in 80% of historic marshes, widened and spread out the lowest-lying lands along the water, and built critical resources in places most likely to flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To be honest I haven’t come across an area in the world that’s as vulnerable as the Bay Area,” says Richard Mullane, a principal landscape architect \u003ca href=\"https://www.hassellstudio.com/en/cms-news/introducing-hassell-principal-richard-mullane\">with the international firm Hassell\u003c/a>. Mullane has worked in Asia and Australia, and spent the past year working in San Mateo County. “There’s just so much low-lying land that’s impacted by even small amounts of sea level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Walls Narrow Everyone’s Options\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">P\u003c/span>lacing water treatment plants at sea level was once an engineering no-brainer: gravity drove sewage downhill, and sent treated wastewater directly into coastal waters, so these plants were more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924586\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2496px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924586\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2496\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg 2496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2496px) 100vw, 2496px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foster City Manager Jeff Moneda says it’s not just homes that are threatened by flooding from rising seas and extreme storms. It’s critical systems, including electricity and water. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But now, fifteen water treatment plants around San Francisco Bay have a sea level rise problem, and \u003ca href=\"https://bacwa.org/document/february-16-2018-bacwa-executive-board-meeting-packet/\">a dozen more could develop one\u003c/a> within your children’s or grandchildren’s lifetimes. If one fails, people inland and upland couldn’t flush their toilets; this kind of flooding would affect five times as many people on average as coastal flooding alone does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea level rise reveals to us that, in critical ways, the line we draw between water and land is an illusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The history of bay shorelines is, we define a line that separates water and land and we function on the land side of that line,” says \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/mark-stacey\">Mark Stacey\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental engineering at UC Berkeley who has studied the physics of the San Francisco Bay. “Shorelines are meant to be dynamic,” he says. “And once you lock them in place you’re creating an unnatural and an engineered shoreline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one “hardened” piece of shore changes how waves and tides move throughout the bay. Seawalls and levees fortified with riprap reflect wave energy back into the bay and keep water from spreading inland. That raises water levels everywhere. As seas rise, Stacey says more walls along one part of the bay could promote more flooding in another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you have the right to preserve your shorelines where they are or do you have an obligation to allow waters to go where they would naturally go?” Stacey wonders. “And what are the implications if your action affects those same questions for somebody else?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relationships among moving waters and the surrounding land are complex, connected, and interdependent – and that’s influencing how some people envision the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924623\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924623\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portions of San Francisco’s Embarcadero flood during a king tide on January 11, 2017. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Hard lines create the promise of risk reduction when they can’t really offer that,” says Marcel Wilson, a landscape architect who’s been working on solutions for sea level rise in San Rafael. “What they do is, they cause risk to be built up more and more, and if we can’t see that, then collectively we’ve learned nothing from the conditions that we’re seeing right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are Some Walls Necessary?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he problem is, year after year we’ve committed to living behind these lines. Billions of dollars in housing, critical infrastructure and other assets are defended by walls and levees. In some places, public officials say there’s no choice but the choice we’ve already made.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Some walls are necessary and good.’\u003ccite>Larry Goldzband, BCDC\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Two cities are seeking public support for raising walls along San Francisco Bay – Foster City voters will decide one measure on June 5, and San Francisco may weigh in on its ballot in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure P in Foster City asks voters to approve a $90 million tax to raise the city’s levee. No marshes or tidal lands protect Foster City; they were destroyed with tons of sand to create a bedroom community for Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in San Francisco, officials say multiple natural threats demand immediate repairs to the seawall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Port of San Francisco’s resilience director, Lindy Lowe, weaves among schoolkids and scooters, tourists and Tuesday lunchgoers: it’s a sunny, showoff day along the Embarcadero. Under our feet is the seawall that destroyed San Francisco’s marshlands, added acres to the city and turned the port into a deep-water powerhouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924630\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3936px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924630\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3936\" height=\"2624\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg 3936w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3936px) 100vw, 3936px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A local playground in San Rafael that is near the city’s canal and has experienced flooding, according to Shore Up Marin. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the wall is vulnerable, both to king tides and earthquakes. High tides routinely spill over the Embarcadero. More important, the seawall could fail today, in a major quake. The Embarcadero could drop several feet in an instant, and critical utility, transportation and communication systems could fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fall, the Port of San Francisco aims to ask voters to approve a $425 million bond to help protect the Embarcadero seawall from seismic and sea level risk. That would be the first bite into a project that could total three to five billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These price tags may sound high. But behind these dividing lines are billions of dollars in property. Policymakers say strengthening those defenses is both cost-effective and necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reason to try to put a marvelous new wetland in front of the Embarcadero,” says Larry Goldzband, executive director of the Bay Conservation Development Commission. “Some walls are necessary and good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Embracing the Water By Designing With It in Mind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2018/05/PetersonSeaLevelRisePart2.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31131_IMG_9142-sfi.jpg\" Title=\"Sea Level Rise Part II: Designing With Water In Mind\" program=\"KQED Science\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">U\u003c/span>rban designers have been exploring alternatives to walls over the last year, in the Rockefeller Foundation-funded Resilient by Design challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need things that don’t have as much maintenance,” says UC Berkeley urban ecologist Kristina Hill, a member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/san-leandro-bay/\">the All-Bay Collective team in East Oakland\u003c/a>. “Landscapes are strong and muscular and they do an enormous amount of work for us. This isn’t jewelry. This is muscle. This is doing work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Resilience is about the options that you create for yourself down the road.’\u003ccite>Marcel Wilson, Landscape Architect\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s logic Bay Area voters already have supported on a large scale, passing Measure AA in 2016. The $12 parcel tax now raises $25 million a year to restore tidal wetlands that have disappeared around San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are remarkable things both for the ecosystem and for flood protection,” says Dave Pine, who also chairs the San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority, which oversees Measure AA revenue. He acknowledges that there’s a gap between the need and the funds; of 22 projects that applied for the first round of restoration funds, only \u003ca href=\"http://sfbayrestore.org/sf-bay-restoration-authority-current-projects-TEST.php\">9 will get a kick-start\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landscape architect Marcel Wilson hopes San Rafael can get some of those funds. Wilson \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/san-rafael/\">has spent a year\u003c/a> in that city’s canal neighborhood, one of Marin’s most vulnerable places. Here, workforce housing shares blue water with yacht clubs. A traditional defense against rising waters here would rely on gates, bigger pumps, and taller walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Wilson’s team has been pushing to use raised earth to absorb water, and curved lines to redirect wave energy rather than bounce it back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Resilience is about the options that you create for yourself down the road,” Wilson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the canal neighborhood, that would mean sharing space with water, abandoning low-lying buildings, and using natural berms as a means of control. It’ll take a lot to accomplish, but Wilson’s not daunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see the beginning of an era of change,” Wilson says. “I see the opportunity for intervention. I see conditions that previous generations haven’t had to solve. And that’s exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "You can shove water back from the land, or let the land flood, but either way, San Francisco Bay is getting higher. Along more than 400 miles of shoreline, where at least 40 communities touch water, rising seas are challenging our choices about how to live with them.",
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"description": "You can shove water back from the land, or let the land flood, but either way, San Francisco Bay is getting higher. Along more than 400 miles of shoreline, where at least 40 communities touch water, rising seas are challenging our choices about how to live with them.",
"title": "Like It Or Not, the Water Is Coming: Will the Bay Area Defend Against Rising Seas, or Embrace Them? | KQED",
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"headline": "Like It Or Not, the Water Is Coming: Will the Bay Area Defend Against Rising Seas, or Embrace Them?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">Y\u003c/span>ou can shove water back from the land, or let the land flood, but either way, San Francisco Bay is getting higher. Along more than 400 miles of bayfront, in at least forty communities that touch water, the once-sneaky problem of sea level rise is revealing itself as it accelerates. At airports, at power plants, in subsiding urban areas and in shoreline development, rising seas are challenging our choices about living next to water.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘To be honest I haven’t come across an area in the world that’s as vulnerable as the Bay Area.’\u003ccite>Richard Mullane, Hassell\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A History of Defending\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>ince the days when our best gauge was a numbered stick and a sharp-eyed observer, San Francisco Bay has been rising. At the Presidio station tidal gauge, the level of the bay has risen 8 inches since 1900.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now the state of California is warning nine Bay Area counties that climate change means the bay is rising faster. Extreme tides, whipped by storms, have become both more frequent and more extreme. California’s latest and best word on sea levels, a report issued last spring \u003ca href=\"http://www.oceansciencetrust.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/OST-Sea-Level-Rising-Report-Final_Amended.pdf\">predicts\u003c/a> that San Francisco Bay could rise from five to 15 times faster this century than the last one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As water claims more space in our bay, we can choose to embrace it, or separate ourselves from it. We can learn to love a wetter landscape, or battle flooding and the risk we perceive from it. And over the past century, we’ve mostly chosen the latter course: to defend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here’s What’s in the Path of Sea Level Rise\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Scientists say climate change could cause San Francisco Bay to rise 5 feet by 2100, a time when many of of today’s children will still be living. Everything from driving to flying to flushing your toilet is at risk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqednews.carto.com/builder/fa879f03-a7e8-4a48-99f2-7c9666565f1a/embed\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our traditional historic development pattern is where we built to the bay shore or in many cases into the bay,” says \u003ca href=\"https://bos.smcgov.org/profile/dave-pine\">Dave Pine\u003c/a>, a San Mateo County supervisor. “So we don’t have any natural protection against the rising Bay.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Natural protection includes mounded earth that can absorb water and lowlands where it can flood without damaging buildings or putting the power out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Climate change is now pressing on a shoreline devoid of that protection, a shoreline mostly locked in place by a century of development decisions. Our predecessors filled in 80% of historic marshes, widened and spread out the lowest-lying lands along the water, and built critical resources in places most likely to flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To be honest I haven’t come across an area in the world that’s as vulnerable as the Bay Area,” says Richard Mullane, a principal landscape architect \u003ca href=\"https://www.hassellstudio.com/en/cms-news/introducing-hassell-principal-richard-mullane\">with the international firm Hassell\u003c/a>. Mullane has worked in Asia and Australia, and spent the past year working in San Mateo County. “There’s just so much low-lying land that’s impacted by even small amounts of sea level rise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Walls Narrow Everyone’s Options\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">P\u003c/span>lacing water treatment plants at sea level was once an engineering no-brainer: gravity drove sewage downhill, and sent treated wastewater directly into coastal waters, so these plants were more efficient.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924586\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 2496px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924586\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2496\" height=\"1664\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447.jpeg 2496w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-800x533.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-768x512.jpeg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1020x680.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1200x800.jpeg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1920x1280.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-1180x787.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-960x640.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-240x160.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-375x250.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS31120_IMG_6447-520x347.jpeg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2496px) 100vw, 2496px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Foster City Manager Jeff Moneda says it’s not just homes that are threatened by flooding from rising seas and extreme storms. It’s critical systems, including electricity and water. \u003ccite>(Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But now, fifteen water treatment plants around San Francisco Bay have a sea level rise problem, and \u003ca href=\"https://bacwa.org/document/february-16-2018-bacwa-executive-board-meeting-packet/\">a dozen more could develop one\u003c/a> within your children’s or grandchildren’s lifetimes. If one fails, people inland and upland couldn’t flush their toilets; this kind of flooding would affect five times as many people on average as coastal flooding alone does.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea level rise reveals to us that, in critical ways, the line we draw between water and land is an illusion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The history of bay shorelines is, we define a line that separates water and land and we function on the land side of that line,” says \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/faculty/mark-stacey\">Mark Stacey\u003c/a>, a professor of environmental engineering at UC Berkeley who has studied the physics of the San Francisco Bay. “Shorelines are meant to be dynamic,” he says. “And once you lock them in place you’re creating an unnatural and an engineered shoreline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even one “hardened” piece of shore changes how waves and tides move throughout the bay. Seawalls and levees fortified with riprap reflect wave energy back into the bay and keep water from spreading inland. That raises water levels everywhere. As seas rise, Stacey says more walls along one part of the bay could promote more flooding in another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you have the right to preserve your shorelines where they are or do you have an obligation to allow waters to go where they would naturally go?” Stacey wonders. “And what are the implications if your action affects those same questions for somebody else?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The relationships among moving waters and the surrounding land are complex, connected, and interdependent – and that’s influencing how some people envision the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924623\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924623\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS23566_170111_KingTide_bhs09-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Portions of San Francisco’s Embarcadero flood during a king tide on January 11, 2017. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Hard lines create the promise of risk reduction when they can’t really offer that,” says Marcel Wilson, a landscape architect who’s been working on solutions for sea level rise in San Rafael. “What they do is, they cause risk to be built up more and more, and if we can’t see that, then collectively we’ve learned nothing from the conditions that we’re seeing right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are Some Walls Necessary?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he problem is, year after year we’ve committed to living behind these lines. Billions of dollars in housing, critical infrastructure and other assets are defended by walls and levees. In some places, public officials say there’s no choice but the choice we’ve already made.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Some walls are necessary and good.’\u003ccite>Larry Goldzband, BCDC\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Two cities are seeking public support for raising walls along San Francisco Bay – Foster City voters will decide one measure on June 5, and San Francisco may weigh in on its ballot in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Measure P in Foster City asks voters to approve a $90 million tax to raise the city’s levee. No marshes or tidal lands protect Foster City; they were destroyed with tons of sand to create a bedroom community for Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in San Francisco, officials say multiple natural threats demand immediate repairs to the seawall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Port of San Francisco’s resilience director, Lindy Lowe, weaves among schoolkids and scooters, tourists and Tuesday lunchgoers: it’s a sunny, showoff day along the Embarcadero. Under our feet is the seawall that destroyed San Francisco’s marshlands, added acres to the city and turned the port into a deep-water powerhouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1924630\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 3936px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1924630\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"3936\" height=\"2624\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014.jpg 3936w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/RS30879_SeaLevel_014-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 3936px) 100vw, 3936px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A local playground in San Rafael that is near the city’s canal and has experienced flooding, according to Shore Up Marin. \u003ccite>(Lauren Hanussak/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But the wall is vulnerable, both to king tides and earthquakes. High tides routinely spill over the Embarcadero. More important, the seawall could fail today, in a major quake. The Embarcadero could drop several feet in an instant, and critical utility, transportation and communication systems could fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fall, the Port of San Francisco aims to ask voters to approve a $425 million bond to help protect the Embarcadero seawall from seismic and sea level risk. That would be the first bite into a project that could total three to five billion dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These price tags may sound high. But behind these dividing lines are billions of dollars in property. Policymakers say strengthening those defenses is both cost-effective and necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reason to try to put a marvelous new wetland in front of the Embarcadero,” says Larry Goldzband, executive director of the Bay Conservation Development Commission. “Some walls are necessary and good.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Embracing the Water By Designing With It in Mind\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">U\u003c/span>rban designers have been exploring alternatives to walls over the last year, in the Rockefeller Foundation-funded Resilient by Design challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need things that don’t have as much maintenance,” says UC Berkeley urban ecologist Kristina Hill, a member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/san-leandro-bay/\">the All-Bay Collective team in East Oakland\u003c/a>. “Landscapes are strong and muscular and they do an enormous amount of work for us. This isn’t jewelry. This is muscle. This is doing work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">’Resilience is about the options that you create for yourself down the road.’\u003ccite>Marcel Wilson, Landscape Architect\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>That’s logic Bay Area voters already have supported on a large scale, passing Measure AA in 2016. The $12 parcel tax now raises $25 million a year to restore tidal wetlands that have disappeared around San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are remarkable things both for the ecosystem and for flood protection,” says Dave Pine, who also chairs the San Francisco Bay Restoration Authority, which oversees Measure AA revenue. He acknowledges that there’s a gap between the need and the funds; of 22 projects that applied for the first round of restoration funds, only \u003ca href=\"http://sfbayrestore.org/sf-bay-restoration-authority-current-projects-TEST.php\">9 will get a kick-start\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Landscape architect Marcel Wilson hopes San Rafael can get some of those funds. Wilson \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/san-rafael/\">has spent a year\u003c/a> in that city’s canal neighborhood, one of Marin’s most vulnerable places. Here, workforce housing shares blue water with yacht clubs. A traditional defense against rising waters here would rely on gates, bigger pumps, and taller walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Wilson’s team has been pushing to use raised earth to absorb water, and curved lines to redirect wave energy rather than bounce it back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Resilience is about the options that you create for yourself down the road,” Wilson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the canal neighborhood, that would mean sharing space with water, abandoning low-lying buildings, and using natural berms as a means of control. It’ll take a lot to accomplish, but Wilson’s not daunted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I see the beginning of an era of change,” Wilson says. “I see the opportunity for intervention. I see conditions that previous generations haven’t had to solve. And that’s exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://voterguide.sos.ca.gov/propositions/68/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 68\u003c/a> is a $4.1 billion bond measure that will clean up dilapidated parks, improve water projects, upgrade flood protection and protect scenic open spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What You Need to Know About Proposition 68\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>About two-thirds of the money would be dedicated to parks and wildlife, and one-third would be allocated to water and flood control projects.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Payments on the bond will cost taxpayers about $200 million annually over 40 years.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=68&year=2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a> (LAO) estimates the\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> infrastructure investments will likely save communities tens of millions of dollars annually.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Here’s how the allocations break down:\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Parks and Recreation: $1.283 billion for neighborhood parks in low-income communities, plus city and county park facilities\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Natural Resources: $1.547 billion for conservation projects and climate change preparedness\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Water: $1.27 billion for drinking water treatment, groundwater clean-up and flood protection\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did Proposition 68 Get on the Ballot?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 68 was written by state Sen. Kevin de León, D-Los Angeles, and was placed on the ballot by a two-thirds vote of state lawmakers last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I grew up in a neighborhood in San Diego that was all asphalt, that was concrete and cement,” de León says. “No green parks. No open space. No trees for shade. This is an intentional way of democratizing our benefits so that every child regardless of their zip code has access to Mother Nature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Support It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prop. 68 provides funding for disaster prevention, clean drinking water and safe parks for children and future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923211\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 5184px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1923211\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"5184\" height=\"3456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg 5184w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5184px) 100vw, 5184px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fellow “fairy lanterns” bloom at Sugarloaf Ridge State Park. This year they are especially abundant following the recent wildfire. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Voters have not approved a statewide ballot measure to fund parks, beaches, wildlife and forests in 12 years. Environmentalists say the measure is necessary to protect the state from droughts, floods, sea level rise and wildfires that are likely to increase in intensity under climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s never a mistake to invest in people and nature,” said Louis Blumberg, of The Nature Conservancy. “We look back and we always say we are glad we did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other proponents include the American Lung Association in California, California Chamber of Commerce and The Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Oppose It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no organized campaign against the measure. But some critics do not support more state debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t borrow more,” said Sen. John Moorlach, R-Orange County. “We should pay as we go. We actually have extra money because the state has a budget surplus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s budget surplus is $9 billion, but Governor Jerry Brown argues that money should remain in a rainy day fund. Moorlach disagrees because a bond like Proposition 68 will end up costing a lot more than it’s initial price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you borrow money you have to pay double for the infrastructure because of the interest costs,” said Moorlach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interest on Prop. 68 will cost about 200 million dollars annually for 40 years. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=68&year=2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a> that’s about about one-fifth of one percent of the state’s current General Fund budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California voters have not passed a statewide ballot measure to provide funding for parks, beaches, wildlife and forests since 2006. This measure provides 4.1 billion dollars for parks, beaches and water projects, with a focus on parks in low-income neighborhoods.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://voterguide.sos.ca.gov/propositions/68/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Proposition 68\u003c/a> is a $4.1 billion bond measure that will clean up dilapidated parks, improve water projects, upgrade flood protection and protect scenic open spaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What You Need to Know About Proposition 68\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>About two-thirds of the money would be dedicated to parks and wildlife, and one-third would be allocated to water and flood control projects.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Payments on the bond will cost taxpayers about $200 million annually over 40 years.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=68&year=2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a> (LAO) estimates the\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> infrastructure investments will likely save communities tens of millions of dollars annually.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Here’s how the allocations break down:\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Parks and Recreation: $1.283 billion for neighborhood parks in low-income communities, plus city and county park facilities\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Natural Resources: $1.547 billion for conservation projects and climate change preparedness\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Water: $1.27 billion for drinking water treatment, groundwater clean-up and flood protection\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How did Proposition 68 Get on the Ballot?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 68 was written by state Sen. Kevin de León, D-Los Angeles, and was placed on the ballot by a two-thirds vote of state lawmakers last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I grew up in a neighborhood in San Diego that was all asphalt, that was concrete and cement,” de León says. “No green parks. No open space. No trees for shade. This is an intentional way of democratizing our benefits so that every child regardless of their zip code has access to Mother Nature.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Support It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prop. 68 provides funding for disaster prevention, clean drinking water and safe parks for children and future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923211\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 5184px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1923211\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"5184\" height=\"3456\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894.jpg 5184w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/04/IMG_0894-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5184px) 100vw, 5184px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fellow “fairy lanterns” bloom at Sugarloaf Ridge State Park. This year they are especially abundant following the recent wildfire. \u003ccite>(Danielle Venton/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Voters have not approved a statewide ballot measure to fund parks, beaches, wildlife and forests in 12 years. Environmentalists say the measure is necessary to protect the state from droughts, floods, sea level rise and wildfires that are likely to increase in intensity under climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s never a mistake to invest in people and nature,” said Louis Blumberg, of The Nature Conservancy. “We look back and we always say we are glad we did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other proponents include the American Lung Association in California, California Chamber of Commerce and The Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Do People Oppose It?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no organized campaign against the measure. But some critics do not support more state debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t borrow more,” said Sen. John Moorlach, R-Orange County. “We should pay as we go. We actually have extra money because the state has a budget surplus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s budget surplus is $9 billion, but Governor Jerry Brown argues that money should remain in a rainy day fund. Moorlach disagrees because a bond like Proposition 68 will end up costing a lot more than it’s initial price.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you borrow money you have to pay double for the infrastructure because of the interest costs,” said Moorlach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interest on Prop. 68 will cost about 200 million dollars annually for 40 years. According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/BallotAnalysis/Proposition?number=68&year=2018\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Analyst’s Office\u003c/a> that’s about about one-fifth of one percent of the state’s current General Fund budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Cities vs. Big Oil: Judge Asks for More Information in Climate Lawsuit",
"headTitle": "Cities vs. Big Oil: Judge Asks for More Information in Climate Lawsuit | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>[audio mp3=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/ClimateLiabilityWestervelt180525.mp3\"][/audio]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: May 24, 6:00 p.m.\u003cbr>\nby Amy Westervelt\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit brought by Oakland and San Francisco against large oil companies will move forward. But not because Judge William Alsup ruled on the oil companies’ motions to dismiss the case at today’s hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead Alsup is asking both sides to prepare additional written arguments by next week. He’s requested each provide a \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">10-page brief outlining whether he needs to balance the benefits of fossil fuels with their impacts in this case, and why. \u003c/span>He’s also given them two months to collect more evidence, in the form of documents and interviews. The additional evidence is meant to clarify whether the case is within the jurisdiction of the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A final ruling on the motions to dismiss is expected in August. If the case does move forward, it could be the first of its kind to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Post:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">It’s a make-or-break day in court for the Bay Area cities claiming oil companies are legally responsible for climate change impacts. On Thursday, a federal judge will hear arguments about \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-con\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">whether to dismiss claims\u003c/span>\u003c/a> from San Francisco and Oakland against Chevron, Shell, BP, ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Climate change is a serious issue but litigation is not a serious solution to the problem,” says Josh Lipshutz, a partner at Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher, the firm representing Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The cities argue that carbon emissions from the fossil fuels produced, refined and sold by the companies are directly responsible for changing climate and for its key impact along Bay Area shorelines: rising seas. Last September, cities brought claims under California public nuisance law, which has offered relief where companies fail to notify customers of the dangers of their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">San Francisco and Oakland are seeking millions of dollars to help the region adapt to rising sea levels. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">state-commissioned report on climate change\u003c/span>\u003c/a> last year found that sea levels could swell by more than three feet by century’s end, and in catastrophic emissions scenarios, by as much as 10 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside>’Climate change is a serious issue but litigation is not a serious solution to the problem.’\u003ccite>Josh Lipshutz, Lawyer for Chevron\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lawyers for the oil companies countered, successfully, that federal law governs the companies’ activity, forcing the cities to \u003cspan class=\"s2\">amend\u003c/span> their initial claims. The companies also maintain that no federal common law claim exists to provide the cities a remedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Climate science \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921434\">has played a prominent role\u003c/a> in the early stages of the legal dispute. District Court Judge William Alsup drew attention to the case \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921232/what-exxon-knew-and-when-they-knew-it-climate-science-in-s-f-federal-court\">when he took the unorthodox step\u003c/a> of asking both sides for a “climate tutorial,” back in March. At the same time, he also invited the Trump Administration to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In a friend-of-the-court brief, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/2018051\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">filed two weeks ago\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the federal Justice Department has argued that the Clean Air Act preempts the cities’ common law claims, and that federal regulators — not courts — should handle the problems of carbon emissions and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Three states – California, New Jersey, and Washington – \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/20180503_docket-317-cv-06011_amicus-motion-1.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">have sought the right to file an amicus brief\u003c/span>\u003c/a> on behalf of San Francisco and Oakland, while Republican attorneys general from 15 states, including Colorado, Kansas, and Louisiana, \u003ca href=\"https://content.govdelivery.com/attachments/INAG/2018/04/20/file_attachments/994064/Amicus%2BBrief%2B224-1.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">have sided\u003c/span>\u003c/a> with the oil companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the Thursday hearing, Judge Alsup could agree to dismiss the case on the spot, order the cities to amend their claims further, or permit the case to proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">As the dispute between these two cities and five oil companies has proceeded in one federal courtroom, in another, similar legal claims are taking a more circuitous route forward. In March, federal District Court Judge Vince Chhabria sent claims from three other local jurisdictions – San Mateo County, Marin, and Imperial Beach – to state court. Those claims remain in legal limbo while the industry defendants seek to move them back to federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">If Alsup sends San Francisco and Oakland’s claims forward to trial, it would be the first climate liability case to get that far.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Update: May 24, 6:00 p.m.\u003cbr>\nby Amy Westervelt\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit brought by Oakland and San Francisco against large oil companies will move forward. But not because Judge William Alsup ruled on the oil companies’ motions to dismiss the case at today’s hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead Alsup is asking both sides to prepare additional written arguments by next week. He’s requested each provide a \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">10-page brief outlining whether he needs to balance the benefits of fossil fuels with their impacts in this case, and why. \u003c/span>He’s also given them two months to collect more evidence, in the form of documents and interviews. The additional evidence is meant to clarify whether the case is within the jurisdiction of the court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A final ruling on the motions to dismiss is expected in August. If the case does move forward, it could be the first of its kind to go to trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Original Post:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">It’s a make-or-break day in court for the Bay Area cities claiming oil companies are legally responsible for climate change impacts. On Thursday, a federal judge will hear arguments about \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-con\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">whether to dismiss claims\u003c/span>\u003c/a> from San Francisco and Oakland against Chevron, Shell, BP, ExxonMobil and ConocoPhillips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">“Climate change is a serious issue but litigation is not a serious solution to the problem,” says Josh Lipshutz, a partner at Gibson, Dunn and Crutcher, the firm representing Chevron.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">The cities argue that carbon emissions from the fossil fuels produced, refined and sold by the companies are directly responsible for changing climate and for its key impact along Bay Area shorelines: rising seas. Last September, cities brought claims under California public nuisance law, which has offered relief where companies fail to notify customers of the dangers of their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">San Francisco and Oakland are seeking millions of dollars to help the region adapt to rising sea levels. A \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">state-commissioned report on climate change\u003c/span>\u003c/a> last year found that sea levels could swell by more than three feet by century’s end, and in catastrophic emissions scenarios, by as much as 10 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside>’Climate change is a serious issue but litigation is not a serious solution to the problem.’\u003ccite>Josh Lipshutz, Lawyer for Chevron\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Lawyers for the oil companies countered, successfully, that federal law governs the companies’ activity, forcing the cities to \u003cspan class=\"s2\">amend\u003c/span> their initial claims. The companies also maintain that no federal common law claim exists to provide the cities a remedy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Climate science \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921434\">has played a prominent role\u003c/a> in the early stages of the legal dispute. District Court Judge William Alsup drew attention to the case \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1921232/what-exxon-knew-and-when-they-knew-it-climate-science-in-s-f-federal-court\">when he took the unorthodox step\u003c/a> of asking both sides for a “climate tutorial,” back in March. At the same time, he also invited the Trump Administration to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">In a friend-of-the-court brief, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/2018051\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">filed two weeks ago\u003c/span>\u003c/a>, the federal Justice Department has argued that the Clean Air Act preempts the cities’ common law claims, and that federal regulators — not courts — should handle the problems of carbon emissions and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">Three states – California, New Jersey, and Washington – \u003ca href=\"http://blogs2.law.columbia.edu/climate-change-litigation/wp-content/uploads/sites/16/case-documents/2018/20180503_docket-317-cv-06011_amicus-motion-1.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">have sought the right to file an amicus brief\u003c/span>\u003c/a> on behalf of San Francisco and Oakland, while Republican attorneys general from 15 states, including Colorado, Kansas, and Louisiana, \u003ca href=\"https://content.govdelivery.com/attachments/INAG/2018/04/20/file_attachments/994064/Amicus%2BBrief%2B224-1.pdf\">\u003cspan class=\"s3\">have sided\u003c/span>\u003c/a> with the oil companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the Thursday hearing, Judge Alsup could agree to dismiss the case on the spot, order the cities to amend their claims further, or permit the case to proceed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">As the dispute between these two cities and five oil companies has proceeded in one federal courtroom, in another, similar legal claims are taking a more circuitous route forward. In March, federal District Court Judge Vince Chhabria sent claims from three other local jurisdictions – San Mateo County, Marin, and Imperial Beach – to state court. Those claims remain in legal limbo while the industry defendants seek to move them back to federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">If Alsup sends San Francisco and Oakland’s claims forward to trial, it would be the first climate liability case to get that far.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Checking the Math On Cap And Trade, Some Experts Say It’s Not Adding Up",
"headTitle": "Checking the Math On Cap And Trade, Some Experts Say It’s Not Adding Up | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>As California accelerates its efforts to reduce greenhouses gases over the next decade, experts are pointing to vulnerabilities in its celebrated cap-and-trade system, weaknesses that could make the state’s goals difficult—even impossible—to reach.[contextly_sidebar id=”0xCbhs39gK6664SED8MRTuo0WlzFiHJZ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cap and trade, featuring a market where permission to pollute is bought and sold, is a key mechanism California uses to lower the volume of harmful discharges by industries that are subject to state emissions caps. But as the California Air Resources Board ponders a major retrofitting of the highly complex program, state analysts say that in a little over a decade emissions could soar much higher than the legally binding level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Checking the math on cap and trade has taken on urgency this year because the state is leaning more heavily on the system to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. The air board \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scopingplan.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">projects\u003c/a> the program will account for about 46 percent of annual reductions in coming years, a figure that has surprised many experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One calculation is out of California’s control: a possible political shift in Ontario, Canada, after provincial elections there next month. One leading candidate has vowed to dismantle the province’s cap-and-trade system, which participates in California’s emissions-trading market. A Canadian withdrawal could undermine California officials’ message about its stability and growth as they recruit other states and nations to join.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far more troubling are red flags highlighted in reports from academia, the nonpartisan Legislative Analyst’s Office, independent market experts and other major carbon markets, all concluding that California has a serious problem with too many unused pollution credits.[contextly_sidebar id=”pydcypHcJLfS22mjQ4Zv0n7XyuPAqYX6″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the cap-and-trade system, major polluters must either produce fewer greenhouse gases to comply with California’s emissions caps or buy credits to offset their excess emissions from companies that pollute less. Credits are traded at state-sanctioned auctions and on secondary markets. And the state gives some free to utilities, natural-gas suppliers and industries that are vulnerable to out-of-state competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies have not yet needed to use up the allowances to stay within state emissions limits and probably won’t have to in the next couple of years, according to some analysts, who estimate there are hundreds of millions of unused credits in the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result is a glut of credits that could allow businesses to keep polluting past state limits in later years, after the overall cap becomes more restrictive. Unless the oversupply is addressed, experts say, polluters will have no incentive to cut emissions to required levels by 2030; instead, industries could continue polluting and use banked allowances to offset their emissions and technically keep them under the cap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Legislative Analyst’s Office foresees a reckoning, \u003ca href=\"http://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3719\">estimating\u003c/a> that because of excess allowances, actual emissions could be as much as 30 percent over the statewide target by 2030.[contextly_sidebar id=”1FUOJxcgGZAGZ3NWS0BDBo2Jwfxkmd4X”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One analyst likened the problem to a game of musical chairs that starts with too many chairs and allows participants to save seats for later. The issue has plagued both the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/feb/28/reform-of-eu-carbon-trading-scheme-agreed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European Union’s\u003c/a> carbon-trading system and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rggi.org/sites/default/files/Uploads/Program-Review/12-19-2017/Announcement_Completed_Model_Rule.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative\u003c/a>, a consortium of nine eastern U.S. states that sells credits for the electricity sector. Both markets have put policies in place to limit surpluses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, lawmakers instructed the air board to examine the issue last year, and the agency has steadfastly maintained that the surplus of credits will not imperil California’s fight against climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rajinder Sahota, who oversees much of the cap-and-trade program for the air board, has testified numerous times before the Legislature on this topic. On each occasion she has assured lawmakers that the system is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do not believe that there are unused allowances in the system that will hinder our goals for 2020,” she told CALmatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She didn’t address how allowances might play out in subsequent years. But the agency forecasts that the state will also meet its 2030 target, when emissions limits will tighten dramatically, the number of free allowances will come down and the cap-and-trade program will expire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the skeptics is Ontario’s environmental oversight agency. The commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://docs.assets.eco.on.ca/reports/climate-change/2017/From-Plan-to-Progress.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">annual report\u003c/a> in January stated flatly that California has an oversupply of allowances that could last for the life of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We understand that the board believes…they don’t have an oversupply problem,” said \u003ca href=\"https://eco.on.ca/about-us/commissioner/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dianne Saxe\u003c/a>, the environmental commissioner of Ontario. “Frankly, we don’t understand it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disconnect will be addressed this week in a hearing before the newly formed Joint \u003ca href=\"http://climatechangepolicies.legislature.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Committee on Climate Change Policies\u003c/a>. The committee chairman, Assemblyman Eduardo Garcia, a Democrat from Coachella, said the air board will be grilled on how it intends to manage allowances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our numbers don’t pencil out to be the same numbers they propose,” Garcia said. “We will go back and reexamine the numbers they are projecting. We have some questions about how they got there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danny Cullenward is an energy economist with the climate-change think tank Near Zero and teaches environmental law at Stanford University. He’s also a member of the newly established Independent Emissions Market Advisory Committee that is charged with reviewing the mechanics of cap and trade. He says the air board not only got its \u003ca href=\"http://wp.nearzero.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Near-Zero-Post-2020-Caps-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">projections\u003c/a> wrong but also used an incorrect model for its calculations. The board’s most recent estimates are off by 10 percent and used a model that the agency identified in 2010 as problematic, he said in an interview.[contextly_sidebar id=”U5xXa4nbIchABlRUuFPmPSS0WtwtOvua”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t emphasize enough, this is a basic question of scientific integrity,” Cullenward said. The board has been reluctant to engage outside experts on the issue of allowances, “in a rush to justify that this is not a problem,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahota said external studies have not taken into account that allowances are set aside if they have gone unsold for 24 months—a “self-ratcheting mechanism,” she said, that prevents a glut on the market. The Canadian study, she said, relied on a flawed analysis conducted by Chris Busch, research director at Energy Innovation, a San Francisco-based climate-change and clean-energy think tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saxe, the environment commissioner, stood behind the report’s conclusions, saying, “We did our own analysis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Busch, who was among the first researchers to identify the oversupply problem, is a longtime supporter of California’s cap-and-trade system, which he calls the best designed in the world. Busch said he used the air board’s own data to reach his \u003ca href=\"http://energyinnovation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/WCI-oversupply-grows-February-update.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conclusions\u003c/a> about allowances, which he said were conservative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I sought to engage the air board to evaluate what they thought of the numbers,” he said. “They didn’t want to engage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahota said she had not read all of the recent reports, but the air board is taking all the research and criticisms seriously.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As California accelerates its efforts to reduce greenhouses gases over the next decade, experts are pointing to vulnerabilities in its celebrated cap-and-trade system, weaknesses that could make the state’s goals difficult—even impossible—to reach.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cap and trade, featuring a market where permission to pollute is bought and sold, is a key mechanism California uses to lower the volume of harmful discharges by industries that are subject to state emissions caps. But as the California Air Resources Board ponders a major retrofitting of the highly complex program, state analysts say that in a little over a decade emissions could soar much higher than the legally binding level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Checking the math on cap and trade has taken on urgency this year because the state is leaning more heavily on the system to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions. The air board \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/scopingplan/scopingplan.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">projects\u003c/a> the program will account for about 46 percent of annual reductions in coming years, a figure that has surprised many experts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One calculation is out of California’s control: a possible political shift in Ontario, Canada, after provincial elections there next month. One leading candidate has vowed to dismantle the province’s cap-and-trade system, which participates in California’s emissions-trading market. A Canadian withdrawal could undermine California officials’ message about its stability and growth as they recruit other states and nations to join.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far more troubling are red flags highlighted in reports from academia, the nonpartisan Legislative Analyst’s Office, independent market experts and other major carbon markets, all concluding that California has a serious problem with too many unused pollution credits.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the cap-and-trade system, major polluters must either produce fewer greenhouse gases to comply with California’s emissions caps or buy credits to offset their excess emissions from companies that pollute less. Credits are traded at state-sanctioned auctions and on secondary markets. And the state gives some free to utilities, natural-gas suppliers and industries that are vulnerable to out-of-state competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some companies have not yet needed to use up the allowances to stay within state emissions limits and probably won’t have to in the next couple of years, according to some analysts, who estimate there are hundreds of millions of unused credits in the system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The result is a glut of credits that could allow businesses to keep polluting past state limits in later years, after the overall cap becomes more restrictive. Unless the oversupply is addressed, experts say, polluters will have no incentive to cut emissions to required levels by 2030; instead, industries could continue polluting and use banked allowances to offset their emissions and technically keep them under the cap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state Legislative Analyst’s Office foresees a reckoning, \u003ca href=\"http://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3719\">estimating\u003c/a> that because of excess allowances, actual emissions could be as much as 30 percent over the statewide target by 2030.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One analyst likened the problem to a game of musical chairs that starts with too many chairs and allows participants to save seats for later. The issue has plagued both the \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2017/feb/28/reform-of-eu-carbon-trading-scheme-agreed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">European Union’s\u003c/a> carbon-trading system and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.rggi.org/sites/default/files/Uploads/Program-Review/12-19-2017/Announcement_Completed_Model_Rule.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative\u003c/a>, a consortium of nine eastern U.S. states that sells credits for the electricity sector. Both markets have put policies in place to limit surpluses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, lawmakers instructed the air board to examine the issue last year, and the agency has steadfastly maintained that the surplus of credits will not imperil California’s fight against climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rajinder Sahota, who oversees much of the cap-and-trade program for the air board, has testified numerous times before the Legislature on this topic. On each occasion she has assured lawmakers that the system is working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do not believe that there are unused allowances in the system that will hinder our goals for 2020,” she told CALmatters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She didn’t address how allowances might play out in subsequent years. But the agency forecasts that the state will also meet its 2030 target, when emissions limits will tighten dramatically, the number of free allowances will come down and the cap-and-trade program will expire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the skeptics is Ontario’s environmental oversight agency. The commission’s \u003ca href=\"http://docs.assets.eco.on.ca/reports/climate-change/2017/From-Plan-to-Progress.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">annual report\u003c/a> in January stated flatly that California has an oversupply of allowances that could last for the life of the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We understand that the board believes…they don’t have an oversupply problem,” said \u003ca href=\"https://eco.on.ca/about-us/commissioner/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dianne Saxe\u003c/a>, the environmental commissioner of Ontario. “Frankly, we don’t understand it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disconnect will be addressed this week in a hearing before the newly formed Joint \u003ca href=\"http://climatechangepolicies.legislature.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Legislative Committee on Climate Change Policies\u003c/a>. The committee chairman, Assemblyman Eduardo Garcia, a Democrat from Coachella, said the air board will be grilled on how it intends to manage allowances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our numbers don’t pencil out to be the same numbers they propose,” Garcia said. “We will go back and reexamine the numbers they are projecting. We have some questions about how they got there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Danny Cullenward is an energy economist with the climate-change think tank Near Zero and teaches environmental law at Stanford University. He’s also a member of the newly established Independent Emissions Market Advisory Committee that is charged with reviewing the mechanics of cap and trade. He says the air board not only got its \u003ca href=\"http://wp.nearzero.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/Near-Zero-Post-2020-Caps-Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">projections\u003c/a> wrong but also used an incorrect model for its calculations. The board’s most recent estimates are off by 10 percent and used a model that the agency identified in 2010 as problematic, he said in an interview.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t emphasize enough, this is a basic question of scientific integrity,” Cullenward said. The board has been reluctant to engage outside experts on the issue of allowances, “in a rush to justify that this is not a problem,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahota said external studies have not taken into account that allowances are set aside if they have gone unsold for 24 months—a “self-ratcheting mechanism,” she said, that prevents a glut on the market. The Canadian study, she said, relied on a flawed analysis conducted by Chris Busch, research director at Energy Innovation, a San Francisco-based climate-change and clean-energy think tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saxe, the environment commissioner, stood behind the report’s conclusions, saying, “We did our own analysis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Busch, who was among the first researchers to identify the oversupply problem, is a longtime supporter of California’s cap-and-trade system, which he calls the best designed in the world. Busch said he used the air board’s own data to reach his \u003ca href=\"http://energyinnovation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/WCI-oversupply-grows-February-update.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conclusions\u003c/a> about allowances, which he said were conservative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I sought to engage the air board to evaluate what they thought of the numbers,” he said. “They didn’t want to engage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahota said she had not read all of the recent reports, but the air board is taking all the research and criticisms seriously.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Little-Known Accounting Policy Could Fuel Green Infrastructure Surge",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the years to come, we’re likely to see a lot more “green” and distributed infrastructure projects from water utilities, like permeable pavement, rainwater capture and efficiency rebates. That’s because coming up with the money needed to scale these projects just got a lot easier.[contextly_sidebar id=”DIms7kZFOMyfTNVNNzAYs2M8vRiOi2iF”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the water world, most big infrastructure projects like treatment facilities and pipelines are usually financed by water agencies selling bonds, which can help them raise millions of dollars for a project that only needs to be paid off a little bit at a time over many years. That’s because these projects are owned by the agencies and are considered an asset on which they can capitalize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But turf removal programs, green roofs and other localized water projects that can have significant impact on water consumption – often referred to as “distributed infrastructure” – weren’t typically considered an asset because they weren’t actually owned by an agency. Instead rebates for these kinds of projects were funded from operating budgets, which often isn’t enough to really scale such efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.gasb.org/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Government Accounting Standards Board\u003c/a> (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span>), which is an independent organization that establishes accounting and financial standards, approved a policy \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.gasb.org/jsp/GASB/Document_C/DocumentPage?cid=1176170563952&acceptedDisclaimer=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">implementation guide\u003c/a> on May 7. This time one of the guidelines it addressed was Statement No. 62 (also referred to in shorthand as \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> 62).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> 62 has actually been around for years, but it wasn’t well known. That prompted \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> this month to clarify the language around “business-type activities” of public agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a universe of things that public agencies spend money on. Some of it is straightforward: If you’re buying chemicals every year, that’s an annual expense, and if you’re building a treatment facility, that’s a capital asset,” said Cynthia Koehler, executive director of the San Francisco-based nonprofit \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://waternow.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WaterNow Alliance\u003c/a> and board member of the Marin Municipal Water District. “In between are things that \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span>recognizes as ‘business type activities’ of public agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> also refers to these as “regulated operations,” and \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> 62 says that it’s possible for these regulated operations to be considered assets that can be capitalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this language may be new to many folks not in the accounting world, what it means in the real world is that many water agencies will now be able to use bonds to fund things they didn’t typically consider an asset before. In particular, distributed infrastructure projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s “potentially a massive game changer,” said Koehler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for a water agency to be able to capitalize regulated operations, it needs to meet some criteria. It has to have a governing board able to set its own rates and it needs to be able to set rates that are likely to recover the cost of the regulated operation.[contextly_sidebar id=”JYWmRdIUco2POFkelfZf9hZPIglueRvE”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a public agency can do that, “the money you spend can be considered an asset and once you have an asset you can bond-fund it,” said \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.gfoa.org/ed-harrington\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ed Harrington\u003c/a>, who served as the controller for the city and county of San Francisco and later as the general manager of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission until he retired in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a big shift for most water utilities, which are used to thinking about fixed things like pipes and pumps as assets. But \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span>’s latest guideline is confirming that this practice of capitalizing regulated operations is definitely above board. “This guidance connects the dots from a statement that has existed for some time, specifically to water utilities and how they book expenses for distributed infrastructure,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now utilities can raise a lot more money for distributed infrastructure projects that they can then pay off slowly over many years, instead of trying to finance projects with cash on hand. That opens up the door to more money for initiatives like cash-for-grass rebates, leak detection devices, rainwater capture, graywater reuse, green roofs, constructed wetlands, permeable pavement, direct installation of high efficiency toilets or fixtures, and smart irrigation control rebates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_131249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-131249\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180523040322/900_01_us_ca_48_33761.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">An 865-gallon rain barrel next to a water filter and micron filters for harvested rainwater on a green home in Los Angeles. (Citizen of the Planet/Education Images/\u003cspan class=\"caps\">UIG\u003c/span> via Getty Images)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>These distributed infrastructure projects have huge potential. A \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://pacinst.org/nrdc-switchboard-urban-water-conservation-and-efficiency-enormous-potential-close-to-home/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2014 report\u003c/a> from the Pacific Institute, an Oakland-based global water think-tank, found that there’s the potential to save \u003cspan class=\"caps\">3.1\u003c/span> billion to \u003cspan class=\"caps\">6.4\u003c/span> billion cubic meters (enough water for \u003cspan class=\"caps\">5.8\u003c/span> million to \u003cspan class=\"caps\">10.4\u003c/span> million families a year) through efficiencies in the urban water sector alone in California. “Our analysis focused on the savings that could be achieved through more widespread adoption of technology and practices that are available and already in use in California and elsewhere around the world,” the Pacific Institute found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that will bring more than just financial benefits, said Rowan Schmidt, program director for finance and investment strategies at \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.eartheconomics.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Economics\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helps organizations make investment and policy decisions by taking nature into account. “Green infrastructure will support core services, but you also get these co-benefits out of it like increased resilience compared with centralized infrastructure, as well as health benefits and property value improvements.”[contextly_sidebar id=”o5tq1EpJUM0K7lEOD6tcc8ym241uvweN”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a community has issues with flooding, for example, Harrington said, instead of using pipes and pumps to tackle the problem, agencies can explore other distributed or green infrastructure options. “You can say I’m going to go much more into permeable pavement, green roofs, those kind of things that use nature, that bring the water back into the aquifer, that avoid flooding, that can be very efficient and cost effective and can be done much quicker,” said Harrington. “It’s not to say you’re never going to need pipes and pumps, but you could probably meet a good amount of the flooding problem if you just returned things back to the way they were before there was so much concrete.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step now is getting the word out, said Schmidt. “I think there is a lot of education required. How do we get the mechanism to scale up across thousands of utilities and special districts across the country?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">The challenge, added Koehler, is for groups like WaterNow Alliance and Earth Economics to help explain what this opportunity is all about, and to socialize and normalize it. “Opportunity is the operative word,” she said. “There’s no mandate here. What to me is great about it is the flexibility. It’s there if you want to use it, it’s this opportunity, but nobody is forcing you to go this way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/05/23/little-known-accounting-policy-could-fuel-green-infrastructure-surge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Most water agencies don’t think of local water projects like green roofs or efficiency rebates as assets, but now they can. And that means agencies can now access capital markets for funding, which could help dramatically grow these projects.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the years to come, we’re likely to see a lot more “green” and distributed infrastructure projects from water utilities, like permeable pavement, rainwater capture and efficiency rebates. That’s because coming up with the money needed to scale these projects just got a lot easier.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the water world, most big infrastructure projects like treatment facilities and pipelines are usually financed by water agencies selling bonds, which can help them raise millions of dollars for a project that only needs to be paid off a little bit at a time over many years. That’s because these projects are owned by the agencies and are considered an asset on which they can capitalize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But turf removal programs, green roofs and other localized water projects that can have significant impact on water consumption – often referred to as “distributed infrastructure” – weren’t typically considered an asset because they weren’t actually owned by an agency. Instead rebates for these kinds of projects were funded from operating budgets, which often isn’t enough to really scale such efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.gasb.org/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Government Accounting Standards Board\u003c/a> (\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span>), which is an independent organization that establishes accounting and financial standards, approved a policy \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.gasb.org/jsp/GASB/Document_C/DocumentPage?cid=1176170563952&acceptedDisclaimer=true\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">implementation guide\u003c/a> on May 7. This time one of the guidelines it addressed was Statement No. 62 (also referred to in shorthand as \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> 62).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> 62 has actually been around for years, but it wasn’t well known. That prompted \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> this month to clarify the language around “business-type activities” of public agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a universe of things that public agencies spend money on. Some of it is straightforward: If you’re buying chemicals every year, that’s an annual expense, and if you’re building a treatment facility, that’s a capital asset,” said Cynthia Koehler, executive director of the San Francisco-based nonprofit \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"https://waternow.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">WaterNow Alliance\u003c/a> and board member of the Marin Municipal Water District. “In between are things that \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span>recognizes as ‘business type activities’ of public agencies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> also refers to these as “regulated operations,” and \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span> 62 says that it’s possible for these regulated operations to be considered assets that can be capitalized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While this language may be new to many folks not in the accounting world, what it means in the real world is that many water agencies will now be able to use bonds to fund things they didn’t typically consider an asset before. In particular, distributed infrastructure projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s “potentially a massive game changer,” said Koehler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for a water agency to be able to capitalize regulated operations, it needs to meet some criteria. It has to have a governing board able to set its own rates and it needs to be able to set rates that are likely to recover the cost of the regulated operation.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a public agency can do that, “the money you spend can be considered an asset and once you have an asset you can bond-fund it,” said \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.gfoa.org/ed-harrington\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ed Harrington\u003c/a>, who served as the controller for the city and county of San Francisco and later as the general manager of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission until he retired in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a big shift for most water utilities, which are used to thinking about fixed things like pipes and pumps as assets. But \u003cspan class=\"caps\">GASB\u003c/span>’s latest guideline is confirming that this practice of capitalizing regulated operations is definitely above board. “This guidance connects the dots from a statement that has existed for some time, specifically to water utilities and how they book expenses for distributed infrastructure,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now utilities can raise a lot more money for distributed infrastructure projects that they can then pay off slowly over many years, instead of trying to finance projects with cash on hand. That opens up the door to more money for initiatives like cash-for-grass rebates, leak detection devices, rainwater capture, graywater reuse, green roofs, constructed wetlands, permeable pavement, direct installation of high efficiency toilets or fixtures, and smart irrigation control rebates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"attachment_131249\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\">\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-131249\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180523040322/900_01_us_ca_48_33761.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-caption-text\">An 865-gallon rain barrel next to a water filter and micron filters for harvested rainwater on a green home in Los Angeles. (Citizen of the Planet/Education Images/\u003cspan class=\"caps\">UIG\u003c/span> via Getty Images)\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>These distributed infrastructure projects have huge potential. A \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://pacinst.org/nrdc-switchboard-urban-water-conservation-and-efficiency-enormous-potential-close-to-home/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2014 report\u003c/a> from the Pacific Institute, an Oakland-based global water think-tank, found that there’s the potential to save \u003cspan class=\"caps\">3.1\u003c/span> billion to \u003cspan class=\"caps\">6.4\u003c/span> billion cubic meters (enough water for \u003cspan class=\"caps\">5.8\u003c/span> million to \u003cspan class=\"caps\">10.4\u003c/span> million families a year) through efficiencies in the urban water sector alone in California. “Our analysis focused on the savings that could be achieved through more widespread adoption of technology and practices that are available and already in use in California and elsewhere around the world,” the Pacific Institute found.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that will bring more than just financial benefits, said Rowan Schmidt, program director for finance and investment strategies at \u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://www.eartheconomics.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Earth Economics\u003c/a>, a nonprofit that helps organizations make investment and policy decisions by taking nature into account. “Green infrastructure will support core services, but you also get these co-benefits out of it like increased resilience compared with centralized infrastructure, as well as health benefits and property value improvements.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a community has issues with flooding, for example, Harrington said, instead of using pipes and pumps to tackle the problem, agencies can explore other distributed or green infrastructure options. “You can say I’m going to go much more into permeable pavement, green roofs, those kind of things that use nature, that bring the water back into the aquifer, that avoid flooding, that can be very efficient and cost effective and can be done much quicker,” said Harrington. “It’s not to say you’re never going to need pipes and pumps, but you could probably meet a good amount of the flooding problem if you just returned things back to the way they were before there was so much concrete.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next step now is getting the word out, said Schmidt. “I think there is a lot of education required. How do we get the mechanism to scale up across thousands of utilities and special districts across the country?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">The challenge, added Koehler, is for groups like WaterNow Alliance and Earth Economics to help explain what this opportunity is all about, and to socialize and normalize it. “Opportunity is the operative word,” she said. “There’s no mandate here. What to me is great about it is the flexibility. It’s there if you want to use it, it’s this opportunity, but nobody is forcing you to go this way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/05/23/little-known-accounting-policy-could-fuel-green-infrastructure-surge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater%2farticles%2f2016%2f07%2f07%2fnine-experts-to-watch-on-california-water-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Something strange is happening with a now-banned chemical that eats away at Earth’s protective ozone layer: Scientists say there’s more of it — not less — going into the atmosphere and they don’t know where it is coming from.[contextly_sidebar id=”ZuKSbg4FpAN0pU3VtJrjRng5Ri2Iv9Wp”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a hole in the ozone formed over Antarctica, countries around the world in 1987 agreed to phase out several types of ozone-depleting chemicals called \u003ca href=\"https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/about/cfc.html\">chlorofluorocarbons\u003c/a> (CFCs). Production was banned, emissions fell and the hole slowly shrank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But starting in 2013, emissions of the second most common kind started rising, according to a study in Wednesday’s journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/\">Nature\u003c/a> . The chemical, called CFC11, was used for making foam, degreasing stains and for refrigeration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the most surprising and unexpected observation I’ve made in my 27 years” of measurements, said study lead author Stephen Montzka, a research chemist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Emissions today are about the same as it was nearly 20 years ago,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Countries have reported close to zero production of the chemical since 2006 but the study found about 14,300 tons (13,000 metric tons) a year has been released since 2013. Some seeps out of foam and buildings and machines, but scientists say what they’re seeing is much more than that.[contextly_sidebar id=”gTHE9U1Mye9bIZCzAQyKx8vJCwq51Tbh”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rogue Production\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMeasurements from a dozen monitors around the world suggest the emissions are coming from somewhere around China, Mongolia and the Koreas, according to the study. The chemical can be a byproduct in other chemical manufacturing, but it is supposed to be captured and recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either someone’s making the banned compound or it’s sloppy byproducts that haven’t been reported as required, Montzka said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An outside expert, Ross Salawitch, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Maryland, is less diplomatic. He calls it “rogue production,” adding that if it continues “the recovery of the ozone layer would be threatened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High in the atmosphere, ozone shields Earth from ultraviolet rays that cause skin cancer, crop damage and other problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature removes 2 percent of the CFC11 out of the air each year, so concentrations of the chemical in the atmosphere are still falling, but at a slower rate because of the new emissions, Montzka said. The chemical stays in the air for about 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2G0n9w6\">support\u003c/a> from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Something strange is happening with a now-banned chemical that eats away at Earth’s protective ozone layer: Scientists say there’s more of it — not less — going into the atmosphere and they don’t know where it is coming from.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a hole in the ozone formed over Antarctica, countries around the world in 1987 agreed to phase out several types of ozone-depleting chemicals called \u003ca href=\"https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/hats/about/cfc.html\">chlorofluorocarbons\u003c/a> (CFCs). Production was banned, emissions fell and the hole slowly shrank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But starting in 2013, emissions of the second most common kind started rising, according to a study in Wednesday’s journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/\">Nature\u003c/a> . The chemical, called CFC11, was used for making foam, degreasing stains and for refrigeration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the most surprising and unexpected observation I’ve made in my 27 years” of measurements, said study lead author Stephen Montzka, a research chemist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Emissions today are about the same as it was nearly 20 years ago,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Countries have reported close to zero production of the chemical since 2006 but the study found about 14,300 tons (13,000 metric tons) a year has been released since 2013. Some seeps out of foam and buildings and machines, but scientists say what they’re seeing is much more than that.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rogue Production\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMeasurements from a dozen monitors around the world suggest the emissions are coming from somewhere around China, Mongolia and the Koreas, according to the study. The chemical can be a byproduct in other chemical manufacturing, but it is supposed to be captured and recycled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Either someone’s making the banned compound or it’s sloppy byproducts that haven’t been reported as required, Montzka said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An outside expert, Ross Salawitch, an atmospheric scientist at the University of Maryland, is less diplomatic. He calls it “rogue production,” adding that if it continues “the recovery of the ozone layer would be threatened.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High in the atmosphere, ozone shields Earth from ultraviolet rays that cause skin cancer, crop damage and other problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nature removes 2 percent of the CFC11 out of the air each year, so concentrations of the chemical in the atmosphere are still falling, but at a slower rate because of the new emissions, Montzka said. The chemical stays in the air for about 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press Health & Science Department receives \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/2G0n9w6\">support\u003c/a> from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Department of Science Education. The AP is solely responsible for all content.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Yearlong Bay 'Challenge' Ends with Lofty Plans for Staving Off Sea Level Rise",
"headTitle": "Yearlong Bay ‘Challenge’ Ends with Lofty Plans for Staving Off Sea Level Rise | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Design teams from around the world unveil their visions today for a ring of ambitious projects circling San Francisco Bay, all aimed at increasing “resilience” to the challenges of rising sea levels and other growing threats to communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917797/racing-rising-seas-in-the-bay-area-design-teams-roll-out-big-ideas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a year’s worth of ground work\u003c/a>, nine teams participating in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Resilient by Design Bay Area Challenge\u003c/a> take the wraps off of their various visions. Some are long on lofty language and short on concrete plans, but all are the product of some of the world’s most forward-thinking urban designers, funded mainly by the Rockefeller Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve really been able to raise awareness around flood risk and come up with big ideas,” says Amanda Brown-Stevens, the project’s director. “And we believe that some of these ideas will be ready to take next steps — that we can move toward implementation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though none of the concepts will come cheap, some have fairly specific aims. The team known as Common Ground has a plan for relieving a major bottleneck at the north end of the bay. Designers envision raising State Highway 37 twenty feet off the ground to create a “Grand Bayway” that would both speed traffic between Sears Point and Vallejo and allow tidal flows to restore the marshlands underneath. Team members propose taking another year to establish “agreed goals and criteria” for their “far-ranging and ambitious” plan, while at the same time starting a series of smaller “bottom up” projects that would ultimately weave into the overall project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highway 37, much of which is one lane in each direction, has become a major headache for North Bay commuters even when it’s not closed by traffic mishaps or flooding, as it was several times in the wet winter of 2016-17.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s not that we’re doing this to be green. We’re doing this just to make it over the next 50 to 100 years.’\u003ccite>Kristina Hill, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile the All Bay Collective team says it is “rethinking the shoreline” around San Leandro with “a network of flourishing greenways” that would provide recreation and ecological benefits, as well as a buffer against rising bay waters. The plan counts on pulling together eight different communities from East Oakland to San Leandro to create and manage the resulting “Estuary Commons,” which would include floating housing. Some of it is pretty “out there” compared to conventional notions of urban development. But designers say that’s what’s called for with projections for sea level rise ratcheting up, seemingly with each new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that what people are missing is that conventional development is going to fail,” says Kristina Hill, an urban ecologist at UC Berkeley and member of the All Bay Collective. “It’s not that we’re doing this to be green. We’re doing this just to make it over the next 50 to 100 years. This is baseline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923920\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1923920\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG.jpg\" alt=\"Artist's rendering of redesigned East Bay shoreline\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Softening” shorelines is a common strategy among designs for managing rising sea levels. \u003ccite>(All Bay Collective/Resilient by Design)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The number of separate cities (more than 100) and counties surrounding the bay has always been an obstacle to this kind of cooperative planning. Add in port authorities, Caltrans, regional park districts, fish & wildlife agencies, BART, and so on, and the ensuing three-dimensional chess game can quickly become mind-boggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you think about what flood risk looks like, it doesn’t stop at jurisdictional boundaries,” says Brown-Stevens, who holds up the RBD effort as a pilot for cooperative planning. “We really do need to collaborate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all of the collaboration panned out. One of the ten teams essentially \u003ca href=\"http://www.timesheraldonline.com/general-news/20180511/team-uplift-vallejo-dropped-from-resilient-by-design-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dropped out of the race\u003c/a>, possibly after meeting with resistance from stakeholders in Vallejo, where the team had envisioned a sweeping plan to address — not only rising seas — but transportation and housing woes, as well. The Los Angeles-based Team UPLIFT reportedly turned over its work to local officials, who will either run with the ball or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the formal “challenge” winds down this week, the hardest tasks may lie ahead: getting some of these projects funded and accomplished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really do see this as a beginning,” says Brown-Stevens. “Really, the success of this challenge will be measured by what on-the-ground impact there’s been in the next year, the next five years, the next ten, twenty years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Science reporter Molly Peterson contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Design teams from around the world unveil their visions today for a ring of ambitious projects circling San Francisco Bay, all aimed at increasing “resilience” to the challenges of rising sea levels and other growing threats to communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1917797/racing-rising-seas-in-the-bay-area-design-teams-roll-out-big-ideas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a year’s worth of ground work\u003c/a>, nine teams participating in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.resilientbayarea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Resilient by Design Bay Area Challenge\u003c/a> take the wraps off of their various visions. Some are long on lofty language and short on concrete plans, but all are the product of some of the world’s most forward-thinking urban designers, funded mainly by the Rockefeller Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve really been able to raise awareness around flood risk and come up with big ideas,” says Amanda Brown-Stevens, the project’s director. “And we believe that some of these ideas will be ready to take next steps — that we can move toward implementation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though none of the concepts will come cheap, some have fairly specific aims. The team known as Common Ground has a plan for relieving a major bottleneck at the north end of the bay. Designers envision raising State Highway 37 twenty feet off the ground to create a “Grand Bayway” that would both speed traffic between Sears Point and Vallejo and allow tidal flows to restore the marshlands underneath. Team members propose taking another year to establish “agreed goals and criteria” for their “far-ranging and ambitious” plan, while at the same time starting a series of smaller “bottom up” projects that would ultimately weave into the overall project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highway 37, much of which is one lane in each direction, has become a major headache for North Bay commuters even when it’s not closed by traffic mishaps or flooding, as it was several times in the wet winter of 2016-17.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s not that we’re doing this to be green. We’re doing this just to make it over the next 50 to 100 years.’\u003ccite>Kristina Hill, UC Berkeley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile the All Bay Collective team says it is “rethinking the shoreline” around San Leandro with “a network of flourishing greenways” that would provide recreation and ecological benefits, as well as a buffer against rising bay waters. The plan counts on pulling together eight different communities from East Oakland to San Leandro to create and manage the resulting “Estuary Commons,” which would include floating housing. Some of it is pretty “out there” compared to conventional notions of urban development. But designers say that’s what’s called for with projections for sea level rise ratcheting up, seemingly with each new study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that what people are missing is that conventional development is going to fail,” says Kristina Hill, an urban ecologist at UC Berkeley and member of the All Bay Collective. “It’s not that we’re doing this to be green. We’re doing this just to make it over the next 50 to 100 years. This is baseline.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1923920\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1923920\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG.jpg\" alt=\"Artist's rendering of redesigned East Bay shoreline\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/05/VIGNETTE_CMG-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">“Softening” shorelines is a common strategy among designs for managing rising sea levels. \u003ccite>(All Bay Collective/Resilient by Design)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The number of separate cities (more than 100) and counties surrounding the bay has always been an obstacle to this kind of cooperative planning. Add in port authorities, Caltrans, regional park districts, fish & wildlife agencies, BART, and so on, and the ensuing three-dimensional chess game can quickly become mind-boggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you think about what flood risk looks like, it doesn’t stop at jurisdictional boundaries,” says Brown-Stevens, who holds up the RBD effort as a pilot for cooperative planning. “We really do need to collaborate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not all of the collaboration panned out. One of the ten teams essentially \u003ca href=\"http://www.timesheraldonline.com/general-news/20180511/team-uplift-vallejo-dropped-from-resilient-by-design-program\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">dropped out of the race\u003c/a>, possibly after meeting with resistance from stakeholders in Vallejo, where the team had envisioned a sweeping plan to address — not only rising seas — but transportation and housing woes, as well. The Los Angeles-based Team UPLIFT reportedly turned over its work to local officials, who will either run with the ball or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the formal “challenge” winds down this week, the hardest tasks may lie ahead: getting some of these projects funded and accomplished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We really do see this as a beginning,” says Brown-Stevens. “Really, the success of this challenge will be measured by what on-the-ground impact there’s been in the next year, the next five years, the next ten, twenty years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED Science reporter Molly Peterson contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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},
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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