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"title": "Watch: Television Show Cautioned Viewers About Climate Change ... in 1958",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch starting at 50:12 …\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x1ph_7C1Jq4?rel=0&start=3012&w=560&h=315]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11683410/carr-fire-expands-in-shasta-two-wildfires-blaze-in-mendocino\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conflagration\u003c/a> of California continues, the 17 blazes that have cumulatively burned an area the size of Delaware have also gotten people thinking about the connection between climate change and wildfires like never before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the people who are writing in to NPR, for instance, criticizing the public media company for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1929240/why-npr-doesnt-mention-climate-change-in-every-fire-story\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">not mentioning climate change\u003c/a> enough in its current fire coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also showing up in online search behavior, as laid out in this graph from Google Trends mapping searches that contain both “climate change” and “California fires” over the last three years. It clearly shows a marked upswing in those queries since 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ca href=\"https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2015-07-10%202018-08-10&geo=US&q=%22california%20fires%22%20%22climate%20change%22\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1929222\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-1020x280.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"977\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-1020x280.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-160x44.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-800x220.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-768x211.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-960x264.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-240x66.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-375x103.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-520x143.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart.png 1143w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 977px) 100vw, 977px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Have we reached an inflection point where extreme weather and the warming climate have become inextricably linked in the public’s mind?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the 1990s, climate change — in its earlier linguistic incarnation as “global warming” — was something most people only knew as that weird thing \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/04/24/ozone-man\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Al Gore\u003c/a> liked to scold people about. Before that, NASA’s James Hansen brought the issue to the fore by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/us/global-warming-has-begun-expert-tells-senate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">testifying\u003c/a> to Congress that it was a near certainty that greenhouse gases were the culprit behind the earth’s warming trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Due to our release through factories and automobiles every year of more than 6 billion tons of carbon dioxide, which helps air absorb heat from the sun, our atmosphere seems to be getting warmer.’\u003ccite>‘Dr. Research,’ in the 1958 televised science special ‘The Unchained Goddess’\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 1965, a panel of the Presidential Science Advisory Committee \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3227654-PSAC-1965-Restoring-the-Quality-of-Our-Environment.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> that “Man is unwittingly conducting a vast geophysical experiment. Within a few generations he is burning the fossil fuels that slowly accumulated in the earth over the past 500 million years.” The report said the climatic changes caused by the buildup of CO2 “could be deleterious from the point of view of human beings.” President Lyndon Johnson later made a public statement referring to the findings : “This generation has altered the composition of the atmosphere on a global scale through radioactive materials and a steady increase in carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how \u003ca href=\"https://history.aip.org/history/climate/Govt.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">far back\u003c/a> does awareness of climate change go? Well, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">traces\u003c/a> the evolution of the science back to the 18th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for American media, you may be surprised that the idea made it to television in the 1950s. Check out the video at the top of the page, starting at the 50:12 mark. It’s a bit from a 1958 Bell Science Hour television special called “The Unchained Goddess,” part of a series produced and mostly written by Hollywood directing legend Frank Capra. This particular episode is all about weather, and the clip above specifically addresses the effects of climate change. The exchange features \u003ca href=\"https://current.org/1996/01/frank-baxter-televisions-first-man-of-learning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Frank C. Baxter\u003c/a>, a popular academic of the time, playing “Dr. Research,” and the actor Richard Carlson playing “The Writer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It goes like this, and, with accompanying apocalyptic visuals and music, plays like a 45-second version of “An Inconvenient Truth”:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Dr. Research: Even now, man may be unwittingly changing the world’s climate through the waste products of his civilization. Due to our release through factories and automobiles every year of more than 6 billion tons of carbon dioxide, which helps air absorb heat from the sun, our atmosphere seems to be getting warmer.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Writer: This is bad?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Dr. Research: Well, it’s been calculated a few degrees rise in the Earth’s temperature would melt the polar ice caps. And if this happens, an inland sea would fill a good portion of the Mississippi valley. Tourists in glass-bottom boats would be viewing the drowned towers of Miami through 150 feet of tropical water. For in weather, we’re not only dealing with forces of a far greater variety than even the atomic physicist encounters, but with life itself.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We should say here that nobody’s anticipating a 150-feet sea level rise. But the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924735/map-see-whether-your-home-is-at-risk-from-rising-seas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">projections\u003c/a> are bad enough as is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any event, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/we-wont-stop-californias-wildfires-if-we-dont-talk-about-climate-change/2018/08/08/99768218-9a80-11e8-8d5e-c6c594024954_story.html?utm_term=.3790ee6c9327\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">media\u003c/a> right now appears to be less and less shy about making the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2018/07/30/climate-change-hellish-july-validates-forecasts-editorials-debates/855435002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">connection\u003c/a> between these \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2018/08/02/summer-weather-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">catastrophic weather events and climate change\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the president \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1929060/trumps-confusing-tweets-on-california-fires-now-appear-to-be-actual-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tweets\u003c/a> as California burns, we note:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are now only halfway through fire season.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch starting at 50:12 …\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/x1ph_7C1Jq4?rel=0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/x1ph_7C1Jq4?rel=0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11683410/carr-fire-expands-in-shasta-two-wildfires-blaze-in-mendocino\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">conflagration\u003c/a> of California continues, the 17 blazes that have cumulatively burned an area the size of Delaware have also gotten people thinking about the connection between climate change and wildfires like never before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take the people who are writing in to NPR, for instance, criticizing the public media company for \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1929240/why-npr-doesnt-mention-climate-change-in-every-fire-story\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">not mentioning climate change\u003c/a> enough in its current fire coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s also showing up in online search behavior, as laid out in this graph from Google Trends mapping searches that contain both “climate change” and “California fires” over the last three years. It clearly shows a marked upswing in those queries since 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003ca href=\"https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=2015-07-10%202018-08-10&geo=US&q=%22california%20fires%22%20%22climate%20change%22\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1929222\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-1020x280.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"977\" height=\"268\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-1020x280.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-160x44.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-800x220.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-768x211.png 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-960x264.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-240x66.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-375x103.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart-520x143.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/climatechart.png 1143w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 977px) 100vw, 977px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Have we reached an inflection point where extreme weather and the warming climate have become inextricably linked in the public’s mind?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the 1990s, climate change — in its earlier linguistic incarnation as “global warming” — was something most people only knew as that weird thing \u003ca href=\"https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2006/04/24/ozone-man\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Al Gore\u003c/a> liked to scold people about. Before that, NASA’s James Hansen brought the issue to the fore by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1988/06/24/us/global-warming-has-begun-expert-tells-senate.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">testifying\u003c/a> to Congress that it was a near certainty that greenhouse gases were the culprit behind the earth’s warming trend.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Due to our release through factories and automobiles every year of more than 6 billion tons of carbon dioxide, which helps air absorb heat from the sun, our atmosphere seems to be getting warmer.’\u003ccite>‘Dr. Research,’ in the 1958 televised science special ‘The Unchained Goddess’\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 1965, a panel of the Presidential Science Advisory Committee \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3227654-PSAC-1965-Restoring-the-Quality-of-Our-Environment.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reported\u003c/a> that “Man is unwittingly conducting a vast geophysical experiment. Within a few generations he is burning the fossil fuels that slowly accumulated in the earth over the past 500 million years.” The report said the climatic changes caused by the buildup of CO2 “could be deleterious from the point of view of human beings.” President Lyndon Johnson later made a public statement referring to the findings : “This generation has altered the composition of the atmosphere on a global scale through radioactive materials and a steady increase in carbon dioxide from the burning of fossil fuels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how \u003ca href=\"https://history.aip.org/history/climate/Govt.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">far back\u003c/a> does awareness of climate change go? Well, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/pdf/assessment-report/ar4/wg1/ar4-wg1-chapter1.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">traces\u003c/a> the evolution of the science back to the 18th century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for American media, you may be surprised that the idea made it to television in the 1950s. Check out the video at the top of the page, starting at the 50:12 mark. It’s a bit from a 1958 Bell Science Hour television special called “The Unchained Goddess,” part of a series produced and mostly written by Hollywood directing legend Frank Capra. This particular episode is all about weather, and the clip above specifically addresses the effects of climate change. The exchange features \u003ca href=\"https://current.org/1996/01/frank-baxter-televisions-first-man-of-learning/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Frank C. Baxter\u003c/a>, a popular academic of the time, playing “Dr. Research,” and the actor Richard Carlson playing “The Writer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It goes like this, and, with accompanying apocalyptic visuals and music, plays like a 45-second version of “An Inconvenient Truth”:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Dr. Research: Even now, man may be unwittingly changing the world’s climate through the waste products of his civilization. Due to our release through factories and automobiles every year of more than 6 billion tons of carbon dioxide, which helps air absorb heat from the sun, our atmosphere seems to be getting warmer.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Writer: This is bad?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Dr. Research: Well, it’s been calculated a few degrees rise in the Earth’s temperature would melt the polar ice caps. And if this happens, an inland sea would fill a good portion of the Mississippi valley. Tourists in glass-bottom boats would be viewing the drowned towers of Miami through 150 feet of tropical water. For in weather, we’re not only dealing with forces of a far greater variety than even the atomic physicist encounters, but with life itself.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We should say here that nobody’s anticipating a 150-feet sea level rise. But the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1924735/map-see-whether-your-home-is-at-risk-from-rising-seas\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">projections\u003c/a> are bad enough as is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In any event, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/we-wont-stop-californias-wildfires-if-we-dont-talk-about-climate-change/2018/08/08/99768218-9a80-11e8-8d5e-c6c594024954_story.html?utm_term=.3790ee6c9327\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">media\u003c/a> right now appears to be less and less shy about making the \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2018/07/30/climate-change-hellish-july-validates-forecasts-editorials-debates/855435002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">connection\u003c/a> between these \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2018/08/02/summer-weather-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">catastrophic weather events and climate change\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while the president \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1929060/trumps-confusing-tweets-on-california-fires-now-appear-to-be-actual-policy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tweets\u003c/a> as California burns, we note:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We are now only halfway through fire season.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Summertime is for road trips. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.atlasobscura.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Atlas Obscura\u003c/a>\u003cem> teamed up with \u003c/em>All Things Considered\u003cem> to travel up the West Coast, from California to Washington, in search of “hidden wonders” — unique but overlooked people and places.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One morning a few weeks ago, René Corado was so excited that he forgot to eat breakfast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That day, two antique cabinets were to be delivered to an unremarkable building in an exurban office park in Southern California. It’s home to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wfvz.org/index.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology\u003c/a>, where Corado works as the collections manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Primary among the nonprofit’s holdings of natural history objects are about 1 million eggs, representing more than half of all known species and spanning from the present to some 200 years ago. It’s one of the largest collections of bird eggs anywhere in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it was the eggs in those newly delivered cabinets — an estimated 1,200 — that stoked the 52-year-old Corado’s excitement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With steady hands, Corado extracted a mottled, off-white golden eagle egg — meticulously emptied of its contents through a single, tiny hole — from one of the drawers and began to scrutinize it carefully. He was looking for a “set mark,” a minuscule notation that connects the egg to a data card indicating the collector’s name, the species and when and where the egg had been taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual cards are missing for many old collections, like this one, which dates to the early 1900s and was donated by the elderly son of the collector. This is where Corado comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With his encyclopedic knowledge of eggs and their collectors — down to recognizing their handwriting — Corado fills in the missing pieces. He wants to give each egg a birth certificate and a life story. Only then, he says, “they are born again to scientists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just like detective work,” he says, “and I’m so excited because I’m finding all the data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it turns out that the foundation’s archives include notes from other collectors that referred specifically to eggs in this collection, providing some of the missing data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s these data, contained in these pristine relics, that have given a new relevancy to eggs that could have languished, irrelevant, as forgotten museum collections or the trinkets of privileged men, the remnants of an obscure and now obsolete pastime. The eggs, many of which were collected from the mid-1800s to about 1940, provide an invaluable baseline for researchers studying a wide range of subjects, from avian populations’ genetics, behavior and physiology to environmental and climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Egg collections are similar to libraries, holding a great amount of information about the biology of birds, and about their past, including from areas which have already been destroyed or largely altered by human activities,” says Miguel Angelo Marini, an ornithologist from the University of Brasilia, who used the collection in his study of the breeding habits of neotropical birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Western Foundation is “a precious institution,” he says, which holds “a rare and almost unique collection of the traits and history of birds from all over the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are able to access the vast resources at the Western Foundation’s cavernous, 22,000-square-foot space in Camarillo, Calif., about halfway between Los Angeles and Santa Barbara. Inside, there are 900 chest-high metal cabinets, topped with some 1,800 preserved birds and nests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturalist, wildlife photographer and egg collector Ed Harrison founded the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology in 1956. Egg collecting had been particularly popular in the Victorian era, when museums and individuals traveled the world to collect specimens: from bean-size hummingbird eggs and fabulously speckled, spattered, strangely conical murre eggs to the few surviving gargantuan elephant bird eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Egg collectors tended to be men of leisure. Some, naturalists and ecologists, were careful and mindful of the impact they had. Others, with a more commercial bent, were indiscriminate, hoovering up islands’ worth of eggs at a go and putting species at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a conservation ethic grew in the early 20th century, and with the passage of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in 1918, egg collections fell out of favor. By midcentury, natural history museums had begun setting their collections aside and even neglecting their upkeep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison saw an opportunity to provide a home for orphaned collections, with the idea that scientific advances might one day make them useful again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t take long for that instinct to be proved right. Bird eggs played a large role in sounding the alarm about the use of the pesticide DDT, as embodied in the 1962 publication of Rachel Carson’s book \u003cem>Silent Spring\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scientists began to link the use of DDT to the thinning of bird eggs and the decline in certain avian populations, historical collections became critical for comparison. The brown pelican, for example, was heavily affected by DDT. The Western Foundation has hundreds of sets of brown pelican eggs from the 1800s to 1950s — in other words, before the DDT era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ability to measure the thickness of old eggshells, and identify the presence of DDT in more recent, thinner specimens, sealed the case against the pesticide, which was banned in the United States for most uses in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, the Western Foundation grew, and its collection came to focus on eggs. It was housed at first in Harrison’s home and a storage space, before moving to the current building in 1992. Today, the Western Foundation holds more than 400 museum and private egg collections. (It continues to accept certain types of egg collections.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the staff grew as well, to include a gardener from Guatemala — named René Corado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together with Linnea Hall, a biologist and the foundation’s director, Corado has helped lead the Western Foundation for more than 15 years. But he traveled a long and difficult path from gardener to collections manager, from Guatemala to Camarillo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a story he had never told anyone until one day in 2002.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, Hall and Corado were on a flight to New Orleans for a conference as Tropical Storm Isidore approached the Gulf Coast. Corado thought the plane would crash. So he began telling the story of a childhood that he had kept secret — from his wife of 30 years, from his kids — for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado was raised in El Chical, a village of just 13 houses, about a third of the way from the headwaters of Guatemala’s longest river, the nearly 300-mile Motagua, to its outlet on the Honduras border. One of eight children, Corado lived in rural poverty before his family moved to Guatemala City — where things grew worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado told Hall of how he rooted through a trash dump for food, fighting dogs for scraps. He eventually persauded his father to let him work as a \u003cem>lustrador,\u003c/em> a shoeshine boy. It was a world of drugs and dissolution, a position of particular shame, Corado says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the nightmare in Guatemala. Really, I wasn’t a kid; I was an adult already at the age of 8,” he says, looking particularly childlike for a man of 58, “but I learned a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1981, as the Guatemalan civil war intensified and fearing for his safety, Corado left his wife and young daughter and crossed the border to the United States. He spoke no English, had no friends, no papers and a sixth-grade education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He held many jobs, from welding cabinets to cooking in a Greek restaurant — and eventually found work, and a mentor, at the Western Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ed Harrison must have seen potential in the gardener who ate his lunch quickly so he could sit near biologists and eavesdrop on conversations he could barely understand. Harrison helped him learn English and sent him on research trips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado became a U.S. citizen in 1986, graduated first in his class from high school, and in 2007 earned an associate degree from nearby Oxnard College. All the while, Corado was building his knowledge of the egg collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hearing Corado’s story, Hall insisted that he write a book about his life. They worked on it for a decade or so, as they collaborated on ornithological research in Southern California and in Guatemala, on the Motagua.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2001, Corado’s past and the Western Foundation’s future intersected, when he returned to his home village for the first time in more than 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of the clean river of his youth, the Motagua had become an open sewer for communities and industries lining its banks. After the initial shock, he says, he dedicated himself to cleaning up the river. And as with DDT, eggs would play a key role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado and Hall collected and tested the eggs of species along the river, including those eaten by locals. They found alarming levels of heavy metals in the eggs — and by extension, they argued, in people who were eating these birds (and fish from the river).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They sent the research to government agencies in 2009; there was little response. But a couple of years later, Corado’s book, \u003cem>El Lustrador,\u003c/em> was published in Guatemala — and became a hit. His newfound fame earned him an audience with President Jimmy Morales, where Corado discussed his findings with the Guatemalan leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado’s influence and friendship with the president — along with a lawsuit filed by the government of neighboring Honduras — have led to a law mandating cleanup of the river, planned wastewater treatment plants, closure of a landfill that was draining into the river, and other, ongoing efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a circle,” Corado says, “and the circle closed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Guatemala research has spurred changes — and made even plainer the value of the Western Foundation’s vast resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s part of Hall’s vision for the foundation: to bring it out of the shadows and engage in current conservation research “to show that studying eggs and studying birds’ breeding still has relevancy in this day and age.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ornithologists like John Bates, who is also a curator at the Field Museum in Chicago, are using the Western Foundation’s collection in research about climate change. His project examined historical egg specimens to determine that some birds in the Chicago area are laying their eggs earlier, probably as a result of rising temperatures. He knew that he wouldn’t find all the eggs he needed in his museum’s collection, so he turned to the Western Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Corado, the gardener turned ornithologist, is the perfect long-term caretaker of what Bates calls a “spectacular data set.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado is “intimately connected to every specimen that’s in this museum,” Hall says. And that connection has made him more than a steward. He’s a booster, a sleuth, one of the keys to unlocking the collection’s full potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My job here is to protect all of this,” Corado says. “I love every single one, and more or less I know where everybody is. I’m keeping an eye on them like every good father will do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Samir S. Patel is deputy editor of \u003c/em>Atlas Obscura.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Maureen Pao edited the Web story. Dylan Thuras, a founder of \u003c/em>Atlas Obscura,\u003cem> Matt Ozug, Renita Jablonski and Michael May reported, produced and edited the audio story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=From+A+Million+Eggs%2C+Putting+Together+Clues+About+Science%27s+Past+And+Future&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Summertime is for road trips. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.atlasobscura.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Atlas Obscura\u003c/a>\u003cem> teamed up with \u003c/em>All Things Considered\u003cem> to travel up the West Coast, from California to Washington, in search of “hidden wonders” — unique but overlooked people and places.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One morning a few weeks ago, René Corado was so excited that he forgot to eat breakfast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That day, two antique cabinets were to be delivered to an unremarkable building in an exurban office park in Southern California. It’s home to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wfvz.org/index.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology\u003c/a>, where Corado works as the collections manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Primary among the nonprofit’s holdings of natural history objects are about 1 million eggs, representing more than half of all known species and spanning from the present to some 200 years ago. It’s one of the largest collections of bird eggs anywhere in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it was the eggs in those newly delivered cabinets — an estimated 1,200 — that stoked the 52-year-old Corado’s excitement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With steady hands, Corado extracted a mottled, off-white golden eagle egg — meticulously emptied of its contents through a single, tiny hole — from one of the drawers and began to scrutinize it carefully. He was looking for a “set mark,” a minuscule notation that connects the egg to a data card indicating the collector’s name, the species and when and where the egg had been taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actual cards are missing for many old collections, like this one, which dates to the early 1900s and was donated by the elderly son of the collector. This is where Corado comes in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With his encyclopedic knowledge of eggs and their collectors — down to recognizing their handwriting — Corado fills in the missing pieces. He wants to give each egg a birth certificate and a life story. Only then, he says, “they are born again to scientists.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s just like detective work,” he says, “and I’m so excited because I’m finding all the data.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it turns out that the foundation’s archives include notes from other collectors that referred specifically to eggs in this collection, providing some of the missing data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s these data, contained in these pristine relics, that have given a new relevancy to eggs that could have languished, irrelevant, as forgotten museum collections or the trinkets of privileged men, the remnants of an obscure and now obsolete pastime. The eggs, many of which were collected from the mid-1800s to about 1940, provide an invaluable baseline for researchers studying a wide range of subjects, from avian populations’ genetics, behavior and physiology to environmental and climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Egg collections are similar to libraries, holding a great amount of information about the biology of birds, and about their past, including from areas which have already been destroyed or largely altered by human activities,” says Miguel Angelo Marini, an ornithologist from the University of Brasilia, who used the collection in his study of the breeding habits of neotropical birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Western Foundation is “a precious institution,” he says, which holds “a rare and almost unique collection of the traits and history of birds from all over the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are able to access the vast resources at the Western Foundation’s cavernous, 22,000-square-foot space in Camarillo, Calif., about halfway between Los Angeles and Santa Barbara. Inside, there are 900 chest-high metal cabinets, topped with some 1,800 preserved birds and nests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturalist, wildlife photographer and egg collector Ed Harrison founded the Western Foundation of Vertebrate Zoology in 1956. Egg collecting had been particularly popular in the Victorian era, when museums and individuals traveled the world to collect specimens: from bean-size hummingbird eggs and fabulously speckled, spattered, strangely conical murre eggs to the few surviving gargantuan elephant bird eggs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Egg collectors tended to be men of leisure. Some, naturalists and ecologists, were careful and mindful of the impact they had. Others, with a more commercial bent, were indiscriminate, hoovering up islands’ worth of eggs at a go and putting species at risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a conservation ethic grew in the early 20th century, and with the passage of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in 1918, egg collections fell out of favor. By midcentury, natural history museums had begun setting their collections aside and even neglecting their upkeep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harrison saw an opportunity to provide a home for orphaned collections, with the idea that scientific advances might one day make them useful again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It didn’t take long for that instinct to be proved right. Bird eggs played a large role in sounding the alarm about the use of the pesticide DDT, as embodied in the 1962 publication of Rachel Carson’s book \u003cem>Silent Spring\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As scientists began to link the use of DDT to the thinning of bird eggs and the decline in certain avian populations, historical collections became critical for comparison. The brown pelican, for example, was heavily affected by DDT. The Western Foundation has hundreds of sets of brown pelican eggs from the 1800s to 1950s — in other words, before the DDT era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ability to measure the thickness of old eggshells, and identify the presence of DDT in more recent, thinner specimens, sealed the case against the pesticide, which was banned in the United States for most uses in 1972.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, the Western Foundation grew, and its collection came to focus on eggs. It was housed at first in Harrison’s home and a storage space, before moving to the current building in 1992. Today, the Western Foundation holds more than 400 museum and private egg collections. (It continues to accept certain types of egg collections.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the staff grew as well, to include a gardener from Guatemala — named René Corado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Together with Linnea Hall, a biologist and the foundation’s director, Corado has helped lead the Western Foundation for more than 15 years. But he traveled a long and difficult path from gardener to collections manager, from Guatemala to Camarillo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a story he had never told anyone until one day in 2002.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2002, Hall and Corado were on a flight to New Orleans for a conference as Tropical Storm Isidore approached the Gulf Coast. Corado thought the plane would crash. So he began telling the story of a childhood that he had kept secret — from his wife of 30 years, from his kids — for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado was raised in El Chical, a village of just 13 houses, about a third of the way from the headwaters of Guatemala’s longest river, the nearly 300-mile Motagua, to its outlet on the Honduras border. One of eight children, Corado lived in rural poverty before his family moved to Guatemala City — where things grew worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado told Hall of how he rooted through a trash dump for food, fighting dogs for scraps. He eventually persauded his father to let him work as a \u003cem>lustrador,\u003c/em> a shoeshine boy. It was a world of drugs and dissolution, a position of particular shame, Corado says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was the nightmare in Guatemala. Really, I wasn’t a kid; I was an adult already at the age of 8,” he says, looking particularly childlike for a man of 58, “but I learned a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1981, as the Guatemalan civil war intensified and fearing for his safety, Corado left his wife and young daughter and crossed the border to the United States. He spoke no English, had no friends, no papers and a sixth-grade education.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He held many jobs, from welding cabinets to cooking in a Greek restaurant — and eventually found work, and a mentor, at the Western Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ed Harrison must have seen potential in the gardener who ate his lunch quickly so he could sit near biologists and eavesdrop on conversations he could barely understand. Harrison helped him learn English and sent him on research trips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado became a U.S. citizen in 1986, graduated first in his class from high school, and in 2007 earned an associate degree from nearby Oxnard College. All the while, Corado was building his knowledge of the egg collection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hearing Corado’s story, Hall insisted that he write a book about his life. They worked on it for a decade or so, as they collaborated on ornithological research in Southern California and in Guatemala, on the Motagua.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in 2001, Corado’s past and the Western Foundation’s future intersected, when he returned to his home village for the first time in more than 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of the clean river of his youth, the Motagua had become an open sewer for communities and industries lining its banks. After the initial shock, he says, he dedicated himself to cleaning up the river. And as with DDT, eggs would play a key role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado and Hall collected and tested the eggs of species along the river, including those eaten by locals. They found alarming levels of heavy metals in the eggs — and by extension, they argued, in people who were eating these birds (and fish from the river).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They sent the research to government agencies in 2009; there was little response. But a couple of years later, Corado’s book, \u003cem>El Lustrador,\u003c/em> was published in Guatemala — and became a hit. His newfound fame earned him an audience with President Jimmy Morales, where Corado discussed his findings with the Guatemalan leader.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado’s influence and friendship with the president — along with a lawsuit filed by the government of neighboring Honduras — have led to a law mandating cleanup of the river, planned wastewater treatment plants, closure of a landfill that was draining into the river, and other, ongoing efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a circle,” Corado says, “and the circle closed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Guatemala research has spurred changes — and made even plainer the value of the Western Foundation’s vast resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s part of Hall’s vision for the foundation: to bring it out of the shadows and engage in current conservation research “to show that studying eggs and studying birds’ breeding still has relevancy in this day and age.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ornithologists like John Bates, who is also a curator at the Field Museum in Chicago, are using the Western Foundation’s collection in research about climate change. His project examined historical egg specimens to determine that some birds in the Chicago area are laying their eggs earlier, probably as a result of rising temperatures. He knew that he wouldn’t find all the eggs he needed in his museum’s collection, so he turned to the Western Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Corado, the gardener turned ornithologist, is the perfect long-term caretaker of what Bates calls a “spectacular data set.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Corado is “intimately connected to every specimen that’s in this museum,” Hall says. And that connection has made him more than a steward. He’s a booster, a sleuth, one of the keys to unlocking the collection’s full potential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My job here is to protect all of this,” Corado says. “I love every single one, and more or less I know where everybody is. I’m keeping an eye on them like every good father will do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Samir S. Patel is deputy editor of \u003c/em>Atlas Obscura.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Maureen Pao edited the Web story. Dylan Thuras, a founder of \u003c/em>Atlas Obscura,\u003cem> Matt Ozug, Renita Jablonski and Michael May reported, produced and edited the audio story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=From+A+Million+Eggs%2C+Putting+Together+Clues+About+Science%27s+Past+And+Future&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Why NPR Doesn't Mention Climate Change in Every Fire Story",
"headTitle": "Why NPR Doesn’t Mention Climate Change in Every Fire Story | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Wildfires are ravaging hundreds of thousands of acres of the western United States and Canada this summer, taking lives and homes in California, closing parts of Yosemite National Park to visitors and racing through forests and grasslands in Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Utah, Colorado and British Columbia. Smoke from those fires is causing breathing difficulties as far away as \u003ca href=\"http://www.mainepublic.org/post/combination-heat-humidity-and-wildfire-smoke-threatens-vulnerable-maine-coastal-residents#stream/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maine\u003c/a>.[contextly_sidebar id=”LbDdZms27mEs3PH25vx1bVLZU85YByR6″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires have generated many human-scale stories that need telling: how residents of the city of Redding, Calif., \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/01/634696282/california-carr-fire-leaves-many-unsure-about-their-future%20https:/www.npr.org/2018/08/01/634696282/california-carr-fire-leaves-many-unsure-about-their-future\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are coping\u003c/a>; the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/08/636603563/california-firefighters-battle-exhaustion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">toll on firefighters\u003c/a>; where low-income workers will go if their \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/06/635907928/communities-in-california-continue-to-be-ravaged-by-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">homes are destroyed\u003c/a> by the Mendocino Complex Fire, now the state’s largest-ever. NPR has told those stories and many more — and it has by and large told them well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What NPR hasn’t done is use the words “climate change” in each and every one of these reports on the fires. Should it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme weather events these days often trigger extreme reactions from listeners, such as the recent emailer who went so far as to argue that, because NPR did not mention “climate change” in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/30/634087252/deadly-carr-wildfire-testing-resources-of-local-officials-in-northern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">four-minute interview\u003c/a> with Redding Mayor Kristen Schreder, it had joined the ranks of “climate deniers.” I have no idea whether the mayor is a knowledgeable expert about climate change. But I believe NPR was right to focus its questions on her more pressing problems, including managing some 38,000 evacuees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, to be clear, NPR has reported deeply and regularly about how climate change is making extreme weather events more frequent and more severe. The question is whether, as some believe, NPR should do more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://newrepublic.com/article/150124/medias-failure-connect-dots-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article in \u003cem>The New Republic\u003c/em>\u003c/a> in late July called out NPR (among other newsrooms) for “siloing climate coverage,” a theme picked up by a number of Twitter users. One listener, Joseph Kendrick, of Saint Paul, Minn., expressed a similar thought. (He works for a research and advocacy nonprofit on environmental issues, although he said he was not writing on behalf of his employer.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“I’m not asking for NPR to significantly shift the focus of this type of story, or to interview a half dozen scientists alongside anyone whose home has burned down. But I do think it’s important to mention climate change — and its potential to exacerbate these events — as part of the context for these stories. Reporters generally seem comfortable adding political, cultural, technological, and cultural context to specific stories they report on — why is climate science treated so differently?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR does periodically produce high-quality content focused specifically on climate change and its effects. But I think you do your listeners a disservice by maintaining so much distance between ‘stories about climate’ and ‘stories about weather.’ Listeners who are already focused on the issue of climate change are likely to make this connection themselves and seek out climate-focused content when they want more context, but if NPR’s goal is to offer the best possible information to the broadest possible audience that link needs to made explicit.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>I asked Science Editor \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/279612138/geoff-brumfiel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Geoff Brumfiel\u003c/a> about this. “These are disasters that are affecting people’s lives, and they are happening in the moment,” he told me, adding, “If we’re talking about someone’s home and we’re talking about community, I think it’s reasonable that the reporter on the ground in that moment is focused on that community.”[contextly_sidebar id=”ilZkIO5WYYXmZmMp4FREL6JPIpapiLBd”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, he said, the reporters that NPR assigns to these stories have varying backgrounds; some are from the Science Desk, some are from the National Desk (or other sections, or member stations). Not all report on climate change-related beats. “Reporters want to report on what they know. They can see what’s burning and what’s not, they can see who’s in trouble, and they want to talk about that,” Brumfiel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is also another major factor when a hurricane hits or a fire erupts, he said: The science isn’t always clear from the very first moments of an extreme weather event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reluctance to talk about climate change,” Brumfiel said. “But we have to call up scientists and ask them, because climate change is a complicated thing. We can’t just be off the cuff. We need to make sure we understand what the factors are, what is and what isn’t happening due to climate change, because there have always been wildfires, there have always been hurricanes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long-term weather patterns are clearly being affected by climate change, but at the level of an individual fire, say, other elements could be more important — such as the U.S. Forest Service’s decades-long policy of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/10/17/558390511/how-fire-suppression-techniques-can-change-as-wildfires-get-bigger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suppressing fires\u003c/a> instead of letting some burn for the health of the forests. “The biggest scale climate predictions work pretty well,” Brumfiel said. “As you try to get to individual events, it gets more and more complicated, and climate change becomes more of a factor. It can be a driver, but it’s more of a factor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Word a Boilerplate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that said, Brumfiel told me he and others have been looking for some time into whether there is language guidance that can be shared with the NPR newsroom that would help it acknowledge climate change in more of the reporting about natural disasters. But, “it’s complicated,” for the reason he cited earlier: “Climate change can do different things. It can make weather events more frequent; it can make them more severe. And it can do different things for different kinds of events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said: Trying to choose language that communicates all that in a brief phrase — radio journalists have limited time, after all, particularly in the newscasts that lead each hour — and “that is accurate and flexible enough that we can issue it as guidance to everybody and it won’t be wrong when they use it, is tough. I honestly don’t know if there is something that we can have out there that everyone can just grab and use if they want. But it is something we’re thinking seriously about.”[contextly_sidebar id=”yqu4SvdO0RUqTBCHBdiemyM9hJrjdci2”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have mixed feelings about this issue. Climate change is a crucially important issue of our time and NPR should make clear when extreme weather events are connected to, or influenced by, long-term climate trends. I understand why advocates and others who are passionate about this issue want the connection to be explicit and constant, to keep it front and center in the public discourse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, if boilerplate language can’t communicate all the complexities, then I think the newsroom is right to report in-depth on the connections that do exist, in discrete stories where there is more time, rather than toss off one-liners just for the sake of mentioning the issue. NPR’s job is to provide more nuance, not less, whenever possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR has reported in-depth repeatedly in its current fire coverage, including in this story \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/06/636112875/climate-and-wildfire-science-specialist-weighs-in-on-worsening-conditions-in-cal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">talking to scientists\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/29/633203732/when-the-weather-is-extreme-is-climate-change-to-blame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this one\u003c/a>, in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/02/634831131/californias-gov-brown-wildfires-are-evidence-of-changing-climate-in-real-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interview\u003c/a> with California Gov. Jerry Brown, and in a piece examining why today’s fires are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/07/636458618/why-todays-wildfires-are-hotter-and-more-destructive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hotter and more destructive\u003c/a>. \u003cem>On Point\u003c/em> (which is distributed by NPR, although not produced by it) \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2018/08/08/mendocino-complex-wildfires-california-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">devoted an hour\u003c/a> to the topic. In short, there is no hint that NPR is avoiding the story of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there is more coverage to come. NPR next week will start rolling out newsmagazine, newscast and digital stories on the theme of “living with fire,” looking at everything from the effects of long-term smoke exposure to what a “good fire” looks like from the point of view of fire ecologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western Bureau Chief and Senior Editor Jason DeRose, who is coordinating the stories, said some, but probably not all, will discuss the role of climate change. But, he said, when NPR’s fire coverage is looked at in its totality, “It’s very clear that we are reporting on this in the context of climate change.”[contextly_sidebar id=”uqdjeb6s23QvpNgfG0wDfENjNkwA6dGw”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, I’ll give Brumfiel the opportunity for a plug. He and Jennifer Ludden — who leads NPR’s energy and environment team that works in collaboration with member stations — have developed a strategic approach for climate change coverage, tackling stories that are not as attention-grabbing as a fire or hurricane, but just as important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The series, called “Heat,” has been running through the summer; all of the reporting can be found \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/629393286/heat-coping-with-a-warming-world\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here.\u003c/a> It includes reports on how heat is affecting \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/08/01/634135514/a-few-more-bad-apples-as-the-climate-changes-fruit-growing-does-too\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Michigan apple growers\u003c/a> and throwing \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/23/630181622/spring-is-springing-sooner-throwing-natures-rhythms-out-of-whack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colorado ecosystems\u003c/a> out of whack, and how \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/02/616151979/flooding-and-rising-seas-threaten-americas-oldest-farmland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maryland farmers\u003c/a> are losing land to rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brumfiel said: “We’re trying to really tell the stories on the ground that are happening to Americans right now. And often those stories aren’t natural disasters. It is stuff that is happening on a smaller scale every day; local disasters, I guess you could call them, that are really changing America. Climate is changing all sorts of different aspects of our lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, we’ll update this column if the newsroom comes to a decision on language about climate change that would work for more news stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wildfire+Reports+Ignite+Debate+Over+Climate+Change+Coverage&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wildfires are ravaging hundreds of thousands of acres of the western United States and Canada this summer, taking lives and homes in California, closing parts of Yosemite National Park to visitors and racing through forests and grasslands in Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Utah, Colorado and British Columbia. Smoke from those fires is causing breathing difficulties as far away as \u003ca href=\"http://www.mainepublic.org/post/combination-heat-humidity-and-wildfire-smoke-threatens-vulnerable-maine-coastal-residents#stream/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires have generated many human-scale stories that need telling: how residents of the city of Redding, Calif., \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/01/634696282/california-carr-fire-leaves-many-unsure-about-their-future%20https:/www.npr.org/2018/08/01/634696282/california-carr-fire-leaves-many-unsure-about-their-future\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">are coping\u003c/a>; the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/08/636603563/california-firefighters-battle-exhaustion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">toll on firefighters\u003c/a>; where low-income workers will go if their \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/06/635907928/communities-in-california-continue-to-be-ravaged-by-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">homes are destroyed\u003c/a> by the Mendocino Complex Fire, now the state’s largest-ever. NPR has told those stories and many more — and it has by and large told them well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What NPR hasn’t done is use the words “climate change” in each and every one of these reports on the fires. Should it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Extreme weather events these days often trigger extreme reactions from listeners, such as the recent emailer who went so far as to argue that, because NPR did not mention “climate change” in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/30/634087252/deadly-carr-wildfire-testing-resources-of-local-officials-in-northern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">four-minute interview\u003c/a> with Redding Mayor Kristen Schreder, it had joined the ranks of “climate deniers.” I have no idea whether the mayor is a knowledgeable expert about climate change. But I believe NPR was right to focus its questions on her more pressing problems, including managing some 38,000 evacuees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, to be clear, NPR has reported deeply and regularly about how climate change is making extreme weather events more frequent and more severe. The question is whether, as some believe, NPR should do more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://newrepublic.com/article/150124/medias-failure-connect-dots-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">article in \u003cem>The New Republic\u003c/em>\u003c/a> in late July called out NPR (among other newsrooms) for “siloing climate coverage,” a theme picked up by a number of Twitter users. One listener, Joseph Kendrick, of Saint Paul, Minn., expressed a similar thought. (He works for a research and advocacy nonprofit on environmental issues, although he said he was not writing on behalf of his employer.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“I’m not asking for NPR to significantly shift the focus of this type of story, or to interview a half dozen scientists alongside anyone whose home has burned down. But I do think it’s important to mention climate change — and its potential to exacerbate these events — as part of the context for these stories. Reporters generally seem comfortable adding political, cultural, technological, and cultural context to specific stories they report on — why is climate science treated so differently?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR does periodically produce high-quality content focused specifically on climate change and its effects. But I think you do your listeners a disservice by maintaining so much distance between ‘stories about climate’ and ‘stories about weather.’ Listeners who are already focused on the issue of climate change are likely to make this connection themselves and seek out climate-focused content when they want more context, but if NPR’s goal is to offer the best possible information to the broadest possible audience that link needs to made explicit.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>I asked Science Editor \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/people/279612138/geoff-brumfiel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Geoff Brumfiel\u003c/a> about this. “These are disasters that are affecting people’s lives, and they are happening in the moment,” he told me, adding, “If we’re talking about someone’s home and we’re talking about community, I think it’s reasonable that the reporter on the ground in that moment is focused on that community.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moreover, he said, the reporters that NPR assigns to these stories have varying backgrounds; some are from the Science Desk, some are from the National Desk (or other sections, or member stations). Not all report on climate change-related beats. “Reporters want to report on what they know. They can see what’s burning and what’s not, they can see who’s in trouble, and they want to talk about that,” Brumfiel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is also another major factor when a hurricane hits or a fire erupts, he said: The science isn’t always clear from the very first moments of an extreme weather event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no reluctance to talk about climate change,” Brumfiel said. “But we have to call up scientists and ask them, because climate change is a complicated thing. We can’t just be off the cuff. We need to make sure we understand what the factors are, what is and what isn’t happening due to climate change, because there have always been wildfires, there have always been hurricanes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long-term weather patterns are clearly being affected by climate change, but at the level of an individual fire, say, other elements could be more important — such as the U.S. Forest Service’s decades-long policy of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/10/17/558390511/how-fire-suppression-techniques-can-change-as-wildfires-get-bigger\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suppressing fires\u003c/a> instead of letting some burn for the health of the forests. “The biggest scale climate predictions work pretty well,” Brumfiel said. “As you try to get to individual events, it gets more and more complicated, and climate change becomes more of a factor. It can be a driver, but it’s more of a factor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Word a Boilerplate\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All that said, Brumfiel told me he and others have been looking for some time into whether there is language guidance that can be shared with the NPR newsroom that would help it acknowledge climate change in more of the reporting about natural disasters. But, “it’s complicated,” for the reason he cited earlier: “Climate change can do different things. It can make weather events more frequent; it can make them more severe. And it can do different things for different kinds of events.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said: Trying to choose language that communicates all that in a brief phrase — radio journalists have limited time, after all, particularly in the newscasts that lead each hour — and “that is accurate and flexible enough that we can issue it as guidance to everybody and it won’t be wrong when they use it, is tough. I honestly don’t know if there is something that we can have out there that everyone can just grab and use if they want. But it is something we’re thinking seriously about.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I have mixed feelings about this issue. Climate change is a crucially important issue of our time and NPR should make clear when extreme weather events are connected to, or influenced by, long-term climate trends. I understand why advocates and others who are passionate about this issue want the connection to be explicit and constant, to keep it front and center in the public discourse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, if boilerplate language can’t communicate all the complexities, then I think the newsroom is right to report in-depth on the connections that do exist, in discrete stories where there is more time, rather than toss off one-liners just for the sake of mentioning the issue. NPR’s job is to provide more nuance, not less, whenever possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR has reported in-depth repeatedly in its current fire coverage, including in this story \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/06/636112875/climate-and-wildfire-science-specialist-weighs-in-on-worsening-conditions-in-cal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">talking to scientists\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/29/633203732/when-the-weather-is-extreme-is-climate-change-to-blame\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this one\u003c/a>, in an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/02/634831131/californias-gov-brown-wildfires-are-evidence-of-changing-climate-in-real-time\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">interview\u003c/a> with California Gov. Jerry Brown, and in a piece examining why today’s fires are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/07/636458618/why-todays-wildfires-are-hotter-and-more-destructive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hotter and more destructive\u003c/a>. \u003cem>On Point\u003c/em> (which is distributed by NPR, although not produced by it) \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/onpoint/2018/08/08/mendocino-complex-wildfires-california-climate-change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">devoted an hour\u003c/a> to the topic. In short, there is no hint that NPR is avoiding the story of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there is more coverage to come. NPR next week will start rolling out newsmagazine, newscast and digital stories on the theme of “living with fire,” looking at everything from the effects of long-term smoke exposure to what a “good fire” looks like from the point of view of fire ecologists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Western Bureau Chief and Senior Editor Jason DeRose, who is coordinating the stories, said some, but probably not all, will discuss the role of climate change. But, he said, when NPR’s fire coverage is looked at in its totality, “It’s very clear that we are reporting on this in the context of climate change.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, I’ll give Brumfiel the opportunity for a plug. He and Jennifer Ludden — who leads NPR’s energy and environment team that works in collaboration with member stations — have developed a strategic approach for climate change coverage, tackling stories that are not as attention-grabbing as a fire or hurricane, but just as important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The series, called “Heat,” has been running through the summer; all of the reporting can be found \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/629393286/heat-coping-with-a-warming-world\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here.\u003c/a> It includes reports on how heat is affecting \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2018/08/01/634135514/a-few-more-bad-apples-as-the-climate-changes-fruit-growing-does-too\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Michigan apple growers\u003c/a> and throwing \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/07/23/630181622/spring-is-springing-sooner-throwing-natures-rhythms-out-of-whack\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colorado ecosystems\u003c/a> out of whack, and how \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/02/616151979/flooding-and-rising-seas-threaten-americas-oldest-farmland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Maryland farmers\u003c/a> are losing land to rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brumfiel said: “We’re trying to really tell the stories on the ground that are happening to Americans right now. And often those stories aren’t natural disasters. It is stuff that is happening on a smaller scale every day; local disasters, I guess you could call them, that are really changing America. Climate is changing all sorts of different aspects of our lives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, we’ll update this column if the newsroom comes to a decision on language about climate change that would work for more news stories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Wildfire+Reports+Ignite+Debate+Over+Climate+Change+Coverage&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Hazy California Struggles With Smoky Smell From Distant Blaze",
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"content": "\u003cp>For two weeks a dull haze and the faint smell of smoke from distant blazes have blanketed many California cities, forcing summer campers to stay inside, obscuring normally bright skylines and leaving cars covered with ash.[contextly_sidebar id=”jJFaLDN0d8ge2Zap8aJeG8lfV5McaNQg”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoky air from blowing winds is nothing new in California, but air quality experts say it’s rare for the dirty air to linger for so long, a reality of ever-larger fires that take longer to extinguish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The haze stretches from the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range to the Sacramento and San Francisco Bay areas, and nearly every major population center in between has suffered air quality that’s considered dangerous for children, the elderly and people with asthma or other respiratory conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaela Baylis used to take her nearly 2-year-old son to a park twice a day, but has only gone in the morning the last 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He asks to go outside a lot in the afternoon,” she said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two major wildfires — one called the Mendocino Complex Fire that is the largest in California history — burning more than 100 miles (160 kilometers) north of Sacramento and another huge fire near Yosemite National Park a little farther to the southeast. Firefighters made significant process against the Mendocino Complex for the first time Wednesday but said the blazes will likely continue through September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires have combined to produce unhealthy air that has drifted as far east as Salt Lake City, 450 miles (725 kilometers) away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skies there were so murky that residents there couldn’t even see the nearby mountain range that hovers over the valley earlier this week. Utah air quality officials warned children and seniors to limit time outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skies cleared a bit on Wednesday in Utah’s capital city, but more smoke is expected to blow in over the weekend, National Weather Service meteorologist Steve Rogowski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday marked the Sacramento region’s 13th straight “Spare the Air” day, when people are encouraged not to drive and add further pollutants to the air — the longest stretch since at least 2001. A similar warning is effect in the San Francisco Bay Area, and air quality experts in California’s Central Valley and areas southeast of Los Angeles are warning residents to limit outdoor exposure because of wildfires there.[contextly_sidebar id=”pcErX78Wv3imceGEqTEQFZrdo7GOZYza”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday morning, John and Rosalie Gonzales strolled through a Sacramento park with their toddler granddaughter they were visiting. For the last few days at their home in the San Francisco Bay Area community of Albany they have awakened to ash on their cars from the Mendocino Complex Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was a rarity until a few years ago, before California began experiencing more unusually large wildfires, they said. “It doesn’t seem like it’s sustainable to have this happening year after year after year,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A day earlier, dozens of summer campers sat inside watching a movie at a Sacramento YMCA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally that doesn’t happen on a regular day at camp,” said Jay Lowden, president of the YMCA for a nine-county region that serves more than 700 kids weekly at 13 summer camps. His counselors monitor the air quality on a daily basis, and Lowden said he may cancel a planned family camp this weekend in the foothills because of the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sac United, a competitive youth soccer club, has cancelled four practices in the past two weeks because of poor air quality. High school sports teams are being similarly conscious of dangerous air as practices get underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento residents have taken to Twitter to share photos of a dark grey sky hanging over the Capitol in mid-afternoon and a city skyline difficult to make out. The smell of smoke has even slipped into downtown office buildings.[contextly_sidebar id=”ZvLkayme2J1ISafOo75jEeENzfWLIWsG”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was horrible; I’ve never seen anything like it before,” Mayor Darrell Steinberg said of Monday’s afternoon haze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lori Kobza, spokeswoman for the Sacramento Air Quality Management District, said it’s hard to predict when things will improve because of the unpredictably of the fires and the winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the city is located in a valley, it’s easier for smoky air to get trapped here when high pressure systems blow in, making Sacramento like a smoke-filled bowl that’s had a lid placed tightly on top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all trapped in it,” Kobza said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associated Press writer Brady McCombs in Salt Lake City contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For two weeks a dull haze and the faint smell of smoke from distant blazes have blanketed many California cities, forcing summer campers to stay inside, obscuring normally bright skylines and leaving cars covered with ash.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smoky air from blowing winds is nothing new in California, but air quality experts say it’s rare for the dirty air to linger for so long, a reality of ever-larger fires that take longer to extinguish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The haze stretches from the foothills of the Sierra Nevada mountain range to the Sacramento and San Francisco Bay areas, and nearly every major population center in between has suffered air quality that’s considered dangerous for children, the elderly and people with asthma or other respiratory conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaela Baylis used to take her nearly 2-year-old son to a park twice a day, but has only gone in the morning the last 10 days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He asks to go outside a lot in the afternoon,” she said Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are two major wildfires — one called the Mendocino Complex Fire that is the largest in California history — burning more than 100 miles (160 kilometers) north of Sacramento and another huge fire near Yosemite National Park a little farther to the southeast. Firefighters made significant process against the Mendocino Complex for the first time Wednesday but said the blazes will likely continue through September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires have combined to produce unhealthy air that has drifted as far east as Salt Lake City, 450 miles (725 kilometers) away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skies there were so murky that residents there couldn’t even see the nearby mountain range that hovers over the valley earlier this week. Utah air quality officials warned children and seniors to limit time outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The skies cleared a bit on Wednesday in Utah’s capital city, but more smoke is expected to blow in over the weekend, National Weather Service meteorologist Steve Rogowski said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday marked the Sacramento region’s 13th straight “Spare the Air” day, when people are encouraged not to drive and add further pollutants to the air — the longest stretch since at least 2001. A similar warning is effect in the San Francisco Bay Area, and air quality experts in California’s Central Valley and areas southeast of Los Angeles are warning residents to limit outdoor exposure because of wildfires there.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday morning, John and Rosalie Gonzales strolled through a Sacramento park with their toddler granddaughter they were visiting. For the last few days at their home in the San Francisco Bay Area community of Albany they have awakened to ash on their cars from the Mendocino Complex Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was a rarity until a few years ago, before California began experiencing more unusually large wildfires, they said. “It doesn’t seem like it’s sustainable to have this happening year after year after year,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A day earlier, dozens of summer campers sat inside watching a movie at a Sacramento YMCA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Normally that doesn’t happen on a regular day at camp,” said Jay Lowden, president of the YMCA for a nine-county region that serves more than 700 kids weekly at 13 summer camps. His counselors monitor the air quality on a daily basis, and Lowden said he may cancel a planned family camp this weekend in the foothills because of the smoke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sac United, a competitive youth soccer club, has cancelled four practices in the past two weeks because of poor air quality. High school sports teams are being similarly conscious of dangerous air as practices get underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sacramento residents have taken to Twitter to share photos of a dark grey sky hanging over the Capitol in mid-afternoon and a city skyline difficult to make out. The smell of smoke has even slipped into downtown office buildings.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was horrible; I’ve never seen anything like it before,” Mayor Darrell Steinberg said of Monday’s afternoon haze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lori Kobza, spokeswoman for the Sacramento Air Quality Management District, said it’s hard to predict when things will improve because of the unpredictably of the fires and the winds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because the city is located in a valley, it’s easier for smoky air to get trapped here when high pressure systems blow in, making Sacramento like a smoke-filled bowl that’s had a lid placed tightly on top.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re all trapped in it,” Kobza said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associated Press writer Brady McCombs in Salt Lake City contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The twin fires at the Mendocino Complex are now on record as being the\u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> largest blazes\u003c/a> in California history, having burned through 300,086 acres and counting.[contextly_sidebar id=”4vMYZu0nmsgzXvXYrGlETGEpECTKeFiJ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s top five largest blazes occurred within the last five years, according to Cal Fire records stretching back to 1932, underscoring the role of climate change in fueling increased wildfire activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re seeing in California right now is more destructive, larger fires burning at rates that we have historically never seen,” Jonathan Cox, a Cal Fire spokesman, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/31/us/carr-fire-california/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> CNN recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists attribute this surge of fire activity to climate change, which is driving up temperatures and priming extremely dry brush for ignition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human-driven warming is \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Wildfires-getting-worse-due-to-climate-change-9961409.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drying out forests\u003c/a> to the point that peak fire seasons in the region have increased every year by about nine days since 2000, according to a 2017 study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because temperatures\u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/global-warming/science-and-impacts/impacts/infographic-wildfires-climate-change.html#.W2thz_5KjOQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> throughout \u003c/a>the western U.S. are increasing at a much faster rate than for the planet as a whole.[contextly_sidebar id=”ynVjZoRNzkzK1yvpKA5e9YiNAdq2u3pi”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1970, average annual temperatures for the region have increased by 1.9° F, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/global-warming/science-and-impacts/impacts/infographic-wildfires-climate-change.html#.W2thz_5KjOQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about twice the pace\u003c/a> of the global average warming, according to data from the Union of Concerned Scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile urbanization is contributing to the destructiveness of wildfires \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1928770\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as more people\u003c/a> move into harm’s way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below, are three top 10 lists citing California’s largest, most destructive, and deadliest wildfires, based on Cal Fire records going back to 1932.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top 10 Largest Wildfires\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Mendocino Complex, July, 2018.\u003c/strong> Impacting Mendocino, Lake and Colusa Counties. 300,086 acres burned, 221 structures destroyed as of Wednesday morning. Fire is ongoing.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Thomas Fire, December, 2017.\u003c/strong> Impacting Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties. 281,893 acres burned, 1,063 structures destroyed, 1 death. Cause is under investigation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Cedar Fire, October 2003.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego County. 273,246 acres burned, 2,820 structures destroyed, 15 deaths. Sparked by a signal fire from lost hunter.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Rush Fire, August 2012.\u003c/strong> Impacting Lassen County. 271,911 acres burned, 5 deaths. Sparked by lightning.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Rim Fire, August 2013.\u003c/strong> Impacting Tuolumne County. 257,314 acres burned, 112 structures destroyed. Sparked by camp fire.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Z\u003cstrong>aca Fire, July 2007.\u003c/strong> Impacting Santa Barbara County. 240,207 acres burned, 1 structure destroyed, 7 deaths. The fire was caused by sparks from a grinding machine on private property.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Matilija Fire, September 1932.\u003c/strong> Impacting Ventura County. 220,000 acres burned, 8 deaths. Unknown cause.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Witch Fire, October 2007.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego County. 197,990 acres burned, 1,650 structures destroyed, 2 deaths. Sparked by power lines.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Klamath Theater Complex, June 2008.\u003c/strong> Impacting Siskiyou County. 192,038 acres destroyed, 2 deaths. Sparked by lightning.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Marble Cone, July 1977.\u003c/strong> Impacting Monterey County. 177,866 acres destroyed. Sparked by lightning.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top 10 Most Destructive Wildfires\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1929050\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1929050\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A firefighting airplane drops fire retardant at the Holy Fire near Lake Elsinore, in Orange County, California, on August 7, 2018. \u003ccite>(DAVID MCNEW/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Tubbs Fire, October 2017\u003c/strong>. Impacting Sonoma County. 36,807 acres burned, 5,636 structures destroyed, 22 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Tunnel-Oakland Hills Fire, October 1991\u003c/strong>. Impacting Alameda County. 1,600 acres burned, 2,900 structures destroyed, 25 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Cedar Fire, October 2003\u003c/strong>. Impacting San Diego. 273,246 acres burned, 2,820 structures destroyed, 15 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Valley Fire, September 2015\u003c/strong>. Impacting Lake, Napa & Sonoma Counties. 76,067 acres burned, 1,955, structures destroyed, 4 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Witch Fire, October 2007.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego. 197,990 acres burned, 1,650 structures destroyed, 2 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Carr Fire, July 2018.\u003c/strong> Impacting Shasta and Trinity Counties. 173,522 acres burned, 1,599 structures destroyed, 6 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Nuns Fire, October 2017.\u003c/strong> Impacting Sonoma County. 54,382 acres burned, 1,355 structures destroyed, 3 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Thomas Fire, December 2017.\u003c/strong> Impacting Ventura & Santa Barbara Counties. 281,893 acres burned, 1,063 structures destroyed, 2 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Old Fire, October 2003\u003c/strong>. Impacting San Bernardino. 91,281 acres burned, 1,003 structures destroyed, 6 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jones Fire, October 1999.\u003c/strong> Impacting Shasta County. 26,200 acres burned, 954 structures destroyed, 1 death.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top 10 Deadliest Wildfires\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1929052\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1929052\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-768x514.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-1020x682.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-1200x803.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-1920x1284.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-1180x789.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-960x642.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jay Michael (R) and Gretchen Fritsch rest in their car during the Ranch Fire in the parking lot of the Moose Lodge in Clearlake Oaks, California on August 7, 2018. \u003ccite>(JOSH EDELSON/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Griffith Park, October 1933.\u003c/strong> Impacting Los Angeles. 29 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Tunnel-Oakland Hills Fire, October 1991. \u003c/strong>Impacting Alameda County. 25 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Tubbs Fire, October 2017\u003c/strong>. Impacting Sonoma County. 22 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Cedar Fire, October 2003\u003c/strong>. Impacting San Diego. 15 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Rattlesnake Fire, July 1953. \u003c/strong>Impacting Glenn County. 15 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Loop Fire, November 1966. \u003c/strong>Impacting Los Angeles. 12 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Hauser Creek, October 1943.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego. 11 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Inaja Fire, November 1956.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego. 11 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Iron Alps Complex, August 2008.\u003c/strong> Impacting Trinity County, 10 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Redwood Valley Fire, October 2017. \u003c/strong>Impacting Mendocino County. 9 deaths. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "With climate change fueling the frequency and intensity of wildfires, we list the largest, most destructive, and deadliest wildfires in California's recorded history.",
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"description": "With climate change fueling the frequency and intensity of wildfires, we list the largest, most destructive, and deadliest wildfires in California's recorded history.",
"title": "California's Largest, Deadliest and Most Destructive Fires | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The twin fires at the Mendocino Complex are now on record as being the\u003ca href=\"http://www.fire.ca.gov/current_incidents\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> largest blazes\u003c/a> in California history, having burned through 300,086 acres and counting.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s top five largest blazes occurred within the last five years, according to Cal Fire records stretching back to 1932, underscoring the role of climate change in fueling increased wildfire activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re seeing in California right now is more destructive, larger fires burning at rates that we have historically never seen,” Jonathan Cox, a Cal Fire spokesman, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/31/us/carr-fire-california/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told\u003c/a> CNN recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists attribute this surge of fire activity to climate change, which is driving up temperatures and priming extremely dry brush for ignition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Human-driven warming is \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Wildfires-getting-worse-due-to-climate-change-9961409.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">drying out forests\u003c/a> to the point that peak fire seasons in the region have increased every year by about nine days since 2000, according to a 2017 study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because temperatures\u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/global-warming/science-and-impacts/impacts/infographic-wildfires-climate-change.html#.W2thz_5KjOQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> throughout \u003c/a>the western U.S. are increasing at a much faster rate than for the planet as a whole.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since 1970, average annual temperatures for the region have increased by 1.9° F, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsusa.org/global-warming/science-and-impacts/impacts/infographic-wildfires-climate-change.html#.W2thz_5KjOQ\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">about twice the pace\u003c/a> of the global average warming, according to data from the Union of Concerned Scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile urbanization is contributing to the destructiveness of wildfires \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1928770\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as more people\u003c/a> move into harm’s way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below, are three top 10 lists citing California’s largest, most destructive, and deadliest wildfires, based on Cal Fire records going back to 1932.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top 10 Largest Wildfires\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Mendocino Complex, July, 2018.\u003c/strong> Impacting Mendocino, Lake and Colusa Counties. 300,086 acres burned, 221 structures destroyed as of Wednesday morning. Fire is ongoing.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Thomas Fire, December, 2017.\u003c/strong> Impacting Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties. 281,893 acres burned, 1,063 structures destroyed, 1 death. Cause is under investigation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Cedar Fire, October 2003.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego County. 273,246 acres burned, 2,820 structures destroyed, 15 deaths. Sparked by a signal fire from lost hunter.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Rush Fire, August 2012.\u003c/strong> Impacting Lassen County. 271,911 acres burned, 5 deaths. Sparked by lightning.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Rim Fire, August 2013.\u003c/strong> Impacting Tuolumne County. 257,314 acres burned, 112 structures destroyed. Sparked by camp fire.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Z\u003cstrong>aca Fire, July 2007.\u003c/strong> Impacting Santa Barbara County. 240,207 acres burned, 1 structure destroyed, 7 deaths. The fire was caused by sparks from a grinding machine on private property.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Matilija Fire, September 1932.\u003c/strong> Impacting Ventura County. 220,000 acres burned, 8 deaths. Unknown cause.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Witch Fire, October 2007.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego County. 197,990 acres burned, 1,650 structures destroyed, 2 deaths. Sparked by power lines.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Klamath Theater Complex, June 2008.\u003c/strong> Impacting Siskiyou County. 192,038 acres destroyed, 2 deaths. Sparked by lightning.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Marble Cone, July 1977.\u003c/strong> Impacting Monterey County. 177,866 acres destroyed. Sparked by lightning.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top 10 Most Destructive Wildfires\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1929050\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1929050\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-768x512.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013030706-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A firefighting airplane drops fire retardant at the Holy Fire near Lake Elsinore, in Orange County, California, on August 7, 2018. \u003ccite>(DAVID MCNEW/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Tubbs Fire, October 2017\u003c/strong>. Impacting Sonoma County. 36,807 acres burned, 5,636 structures destroyed, 22 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Tunnel-Oakland Hills Fire, October 1991\u003c/strong>. Impacting Alameda County. 1,600 acres burned, 2,900 structures destroyed, 25 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Cedar Fire, October 2003\u003c/strong>. Impacting San Diego. 273,246 acres burned, 2,820 structures destroyed, 15 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Valley Fire, September 2015\u003c/strong>. Impacting Lake, Napa & Sonoma Counties. 76,067 acres burned, 1,955, structures destroyed, 4 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Witch Fire, October 2007.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego. 197,990 acres burned, 1,650 structures destroyed, 2 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Carr Fire, July 2018.\u003c/strong> Impacting Shasta and Trinity Counties. 173,522 acres burned, 1,599 structures destroyed, 6 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Nuns Fire, October 2017.\u003c/strong> Impacting Sonoma County. 54,382 acres burned, 1,355 structures destroyed, 3 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Thomas Fire, December 2017.\u003c/strong> Impacting Ventura & Santa Barbara Counties. 281,893 acres burned, 1,063 structures destroyed, 2 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Old Fire, October 2003\u003c/strong>. Impacting San Bernardino. 91,281 acres burned, 1,003 structures destroyed, 6 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Jones Fire, October 1999.\u003c/strong> Impacting Shasta County. 26,200 acres burned, 954 structures destroyed, 1 death.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Top 10 Deadliest Wildfires\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1929052\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1929052\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-768x514.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-1020x682.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-1200x803.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-1920x1284.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-1180x789.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-960x642.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/GettyImages-1013006756-520x348.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jay Michael (R) and Gretchen Fritsch rest in their car during the Ranch Fire in the parking lot of the Moose Lodge in Clearlake Oaks, California on August 7, 2018. \u003ccite>(JOSH EDELSON/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Griffith Park, October 1933.\u003c/strong> Impacting Los Angeles. 29 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Tunnel-Oakland Hills Fire, October 1991. \u003c/strong>Impacting Alameda County. 25 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Tubbs Fire, October 2017\u003c/strong>. Impacting Sonoma County. 22 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Cedar Fire, October 2003\u003c/strong>. Impacting San Diego. 15 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Rattlesnake Fire, July 1953. \u003c/strong>Impacting Glenn County. 15 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Loop Fire, November 1966. \u003c/strong>Impacting Los Angeles. 12 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Hauser Creek, October 1943.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego. 11 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Inaja Fire, November 1956.\u003c/strong> Impacting San Diego. 11 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Iron Alps Complex, August 2008.\u003c/strong> Impacting Trinity County, 10 deaths.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Redwood Valley Fire, October 2017. \u003c/strong>Impacting Mendocino County. 9 deaths. \u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>As crews across California battle more than a dozen wildfires—including the largest in state history—the blazes are spewing enough carbon into the air to undo some of the good done by the state’s climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s even worse: Climate-warming compounds that will be released by the charred forests long \u003cem>after\u003c/em> the fires are extinguished may do more to warm up the planet than the immediate harm from smoky air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say that only about 15 percent of a forest’s store of carbon is expelled during burns. The remainder is released slowly over the coming years and decades, as trees decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That second hit of carbon, experts say, contains compounds that do more to accelerate climate change than those from the original fire. And future fires over previously burned ground could make climate prospects even more bleak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The worst possible situation is the fire that comes through and kills everything,” said Nic Enstice, regional science coordinator for the Sierra Nevada Conservancy. “Then, ten or fifteen years later, another fire comes through and releases all the carbon left in the trees on the ground. That’s really bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a scenario that could explode at any time. Enstice cited a \u003ca href=\"https://nature.berkeley.edu/stephenslab/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Stephens-et-al.-Fire-Tree-Mortality-BioSci-2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research paper\u003c/a> published this year that laid out a chilling tableau: California has more than a 120 million dead trees strewn around its mountain ranges, with the southern Sierra hardest hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When fires hit those downed trees, the state will begin to experience “mass fires” spewing plumes of carbon. The resulting conflagrations, according to the researcher, will be almost unimaginable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The emissions from those fires will be unlike anything we will have ever seen,” Enstice said. “And you won’t be able put it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Computing the carbon released from the the fires so far this year will not happen soon. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.wrapair2.org/pdf/Yates_WESTAR_AJAX_13Jan2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flies planes\u003c/a> through smoke plumes, gathering data, but air traffic over wildfires is tightly restricted. Scientific research is not a top priority when fires are threatening towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some preliminary data is available now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One method uses inventories of existing forests—surveying how many trees and which type. Those records are updated every 10 years. Researchers then overlay infrared images captured from satellites that show what’s burning and at what intensity. From that, predictions can be made about carbon emissions on any given day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say that emissions from burned forests are one of the most virulent types, called black carbon. According to the most recent accounting from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/slcp/slcp.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state Air Resources Board\u003c/a>, California’s annual black carbon discharge—excluding wildfires—are equal to emissions from about 8 million passenger vehicles driven for one year. Not a small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the state calculates the same annual average of black carbon coming solely from wildfires, it’s the equivalent of nearly 19 million additional cars on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With year-round fire seasons and fire intensity off the charts, state officials admit that wildfires could \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/californias-wildfires-looming-threat-climate-goals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">set back \u003c/a>California’s myriad policies to offset the impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s significant,” Enstice said. “We don’t have a lot of data to measure yet, we’re still using primitive tools. But everyone is gearing up to study this.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/author/julie-cart/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Julie Cart\u003c/a>,\u003c/br>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CALmatters\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As crews across California battle more than a dozen wildfires—including the largest in state history—the blazes are spewing enough carbon into the air to undo some of the good done by the state’s climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s even worse: Climate-warming compounds that will be released by the charred forests long \u003cem>after\u003c/em> the fires are extinguished may do more to warm up the planet than the immediate harm from smoky air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say that only about 15 percent of a forest’s store of carbon is expelled during burns. The remainder is released slowly over the coming years and decades, as trees decay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That second hit of carbon, experts say, contains compounds that do more to accelerate climate change than those from the original fire. And future fires over previously burned ground could make climate prospects even more bleak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The worst possible situation is the fire that comes through and kills everything,” said Nic Enstice, regional science coordinator for the Sierra Nevada Conservancy. “Then, ten or fifteen years later, another fire comes through and releases all the carbon left in the trees on the ground. That’s really bad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a scenario that could explode at any time. Enstice cited a \u003ca href=\"https://nature.berkeley.edu/stephenslab/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/Stephens-et-al.-Fire-Tree-Mortality-BioSci-2018.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">research paper\u003c/a> published this year that laid out a chilling tableau: California has more than a 120 million dead trees strewn around its mountain ranges, with the southern Sierra hardest hit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When fires hit those downed trees, the state will begin to experience “mass fires” spewing plumes of carbon. The resulting conflagrations, according to the researcher, will be almost unimaginable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The emissions from those fires will be unlike anything we will have ever seen,” Enstice said. “And you won’t be able put it out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Computing the carbon released from the the fires so far this year will not happen soon. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.wrapair2.org/pdf/Yates_WESTAR_AJAX_13Jan2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flies planes\u003c/a> through smoke plumes, gathering data, but air traffic over wildfires is tightly restricted. Scientific research is not a top priority when fires are threatening towns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some preliminary data is available now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One method uses inventories of existing forests—surveying how many trees and which type. Those records are updated every 10 years. Researchers then overlay infrared images captured from satellites that show what’s burning and at what intensity. From that, predictions can be made about carbon emissions on any given day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say that emissions from burned forests are one of the most virulent types, called black carbon. According to the most recent accounting from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/cc/inventory/slcp/slcp.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">state Air Resources Board\u003c/a>, California’s annual black carbon discharge—excluding wildfires—are equal to emissions from about 8 million passenger vehicles driven for one year. Not a small number.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when the state calculates the same annual average of black carbon coming solely from wildfires, it’s the equivalent of nearly 19 million additional cars on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With year-round fire seasons and fire intensity off the charts, state officials admit that wildfires could \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/californias-wildfires-looming-threat-climate-goals/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">set back \u003c/a>California’s myriad policies to offset the impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s significant,” Enstice said. “We don’t have a lot of data to measure yet, we’re still using primitive tools. But everyone is gearing up to study this.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Study: Blocking Sunlight to Fight Climate Change Bad for Crops",
"headTitle": "Study: Blocking Sunlight to Fight Climate Change Bad for Crops | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>As global warming intensifies, innovators are increasingly exploring extreme ideas to reduce the existential risks posed by climate change.[contextly_sidebar id=”3KFTtZuiPIROitDbblZdpX4G0yfVXX3I”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether it’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/485125/despite-millions-in-investment-carbon-capture-flops-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stripping the atmosphere\u003c/a> of greenhouse gases or designing\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/climatewatch/2012/01/11/cleaner-air-the-word-could-still-be-plastics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> fake trees to soak up\u003c/a> carbon from the air, technologies that claim to do the extraordinary are being seriously investigated by today’s scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar geoengineering, the purposeful alteration of the climate to mitigate the effects of climate change, is one such example. If sunlight could be blocked, the thinking goes, surface temperatures would decrease and the worst effects of heating could be avoided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://news.berkeley.edu/2018/08/08/blocking-sunlight-to-cool-earth-wont-reduce-crop-damage-from-global-warming/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new study\u003c/a> casts doubt that the technology would solve more problems than it would cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agricultural effects of solar geoengineering entails spraying sulfur dioxide — particles that reflect sunlight back into space — into the atmosphere, resulting in a cooler planet and better crop yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To predict the effects of injecting particles into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight back into space, researchers at U.C. Berkeley observed cases of natural geoeningeering: volcanic eruptions.[contextly_sidebar id=”UTCswFxBMu8KcxoIA34DD2pnPif5CgJs”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While emissions from volcanoes do decrease surface temperatures, the researchers found that the process did nothing to offset crop damage from rising global temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers collected data from past volcanic eruptions, which naturally spew sun-reflecting sulfate particles into the atmosphere, to provide the first estimates of how these particles effect the quantity and quality of sunlight, and how these changes in turn impact global crop yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, they looked at the impact of sulfate particles on local temperature, rainfall, and cloud cover and how these changes affected a number of crops: corn, rice, wheat and soybean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After crunching the data, they found that any improvements in crop yields from cooler temperatures were negated by reduced yields due to less sunlight reaching the plants, according to lead author Jonathan Proctor, an agricultural economist at U.C. Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Crops needs cooler conditions to grow but they also require bright sunlight,” says Proctor. “It’s like using one credit card to pay off another. You end up in the same position where you started.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the resulting cooler conditions protected crops from the effects of extreme heat, the changes in sunlight levels led to reduced yields.[contextly_sidebar id=”yQycfWLPaVdfQgOSx5WG1v0dxrCwMS7Z”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our results suggest that the side effects of the treatment are just as bad as the original disease,” says Proctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Proctor says there is evidence to suggest that using different particles that do a better job of scattering light, and therefore allowing more of it to reach plants, may yield better results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you could design particles better, perhaps you can mitigate some of the damages to crop yields,” he says. “That said, more uncertainty arises because once you begin tweaking things, you may observe more side effects. And we’ve never seen alternative particles injected in huge amounts into the atmosphere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the disappointing findings, Proctor cautions against ruling out solar geoengineering as a potential tool in the fight against climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We only focused on the agricultural sector but this could still be an incredibly important and useful technology in other sectors,” he says. “Climate change will continue to have damaging effects on the world and our goal as scientists is to chip away at the uncertainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As global warming intensifies, innovators are increasingly exploring extreme ideas to reduce the existential risks posed by climate change.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether it’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/485125/despite-millions-in-investment-carbon-capture-flops-in-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">stripping the atmosphere\u003c/a> of greenhouse gases or designing\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/climatewatch/2012/01/11/cleaner-air-the-word-could-still-be-plastics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> fake trees to soak up\u003c/a> carbon from the air, technologies that claim to do the extraordinary are being seriously investigated by today’s scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Solar geoengineering, the purposeful alteration of the climate to mitigate the effects of climate change, is one such example. If sunlight could be blocked, the thinking goes, surface temperatures would decrease and the worst effects of heating could be avoided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://news.berkeley.edu/2018/08/08/blocking-sunlight-to-cool-earth-wont-reduce-crop-damage-from-global-warming/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a new study\u003c/a> casts doubt that the technology would solve more problems than it would cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agricultural effects of solar geoengineering entails spraying sulfur dioxide — particles that reflect sunlight back into space — into the atmosphere, resulting in a cooler planet and better crop yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To predict the effects of injecting particles into the atmosphere to reflect sunlight back into space, researchers at U.C. Berkeley observed cases of natural geoeningeering: volcanic eruptions.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While emissions from volcanoes do decrease surface temperatures, the researchers found that the process did nothing to offset crop damage from rising global temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers collected data from past volcanic eruptions, which naturally spew sun-reflecting sulfate particles into the atmosphere, to provide the first estimates of how these particles effect the quantity and quality of sunlight, and how these changes in turn impact global crop yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, they looked at the impact of sulfate particles on local temperature, rainfall, and cloud cover and how these changes affected a number of crops: corn, rice, wheat and soybean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After crunching the data, they found that any improvements in crop yields from cooler temperatures were negated by reduced yields due to less sunlight reaching the plants, according to lead author Jonathan Proctor, an agricultural economist at U.C. Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Crops needs cooler conditions to grow but they also require bright sunlight,” says Proctor. “It’s like using one credit card to pay off another. You end up in the same position where you started.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the resulting cooler conditions protected crops from the effects of extreme heat, the changes in sunlight levels led to reduced yields.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our results suggest that the side effects of the treatment are just as bad as the original disease,” says Proctor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Proctor says there is evidence to suggest that using different particles that do a better job of scattering light, and therefore allowing more of it to reach plants, may yield better results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you could design particles better, perhaps you can mitigate some of the damages to crop yields,” he says. “That said, more uncertainty arises because once you begin tweaking things, you may observe more side effects. And we’ve never seen alternative particles injected in huge amounts into the atmosphere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the disappointing findings, Proctor cautions against ruling out solar geoengineering as a potential tool in the fight against climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We only focused on the agricultural sector but this could still be an incredibly important and useful technology in other sectors,” he says. “Climate change will continue to have damaging effects on the world and our goal as scientists is to chip away at the uncertainty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Firefighters struggled against rugged terrain, high winds and an August heat wave Tuesday to slow the spread of the biggest wildfire ever recorded in California, an inferno that exploded to be nearly the size of Los Angeles in just 11 days.[contextly_sidebar id=”akOGK2M7GjZYylISgUomzilm81PcwczB”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 450-square-mile (1,165-square-kilometer) blaze, centered near the community of Upper Lake, about 100 miles (160 kilometers) north of San Francisco, spread fast because of what officials said was a perfect combination of weather, topography and abundant vegetation turned into highly flammable fuel by years of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighting efforts were also initially hampered by stretched resources, said the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, also known as Cal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the fire started July 27, thousands of firefighters were hundreds of miles north battling a massive blaze that spread into the city of Redding, destroying more than 1,000 homes, in addition to a dozen other major blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days after the Upper Lake fire started, Cal Fire Battalion Chief John Messina told a community meeting that with so many fires already raging in California, “resources are already committed” so officials were forced to prioritize public safety and private property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After those two things are addressed then we’ll go after the pieces of fire that are in remote areas,” Messina said. “Typically, we’d go at all at once. There is just not the resources for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flames were raging in mostly remote areas, and no deaths or serious injuries were reported. But at least 75 homes have been lost, and thousands of people have been forced to flee. The blaze, dubbed the Mendocino Complex, was reported 20 percent contained on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its rapid growth at the same time firefighters were battling more than a dozen other major blazes around the state fanned fears that 2018 could become the worst wildfire season in California history.[contextly_sidebar id=”af0zGfEPAW1aFEjHFdzAD59HkWtBm7kW”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For whatever reason, fires are burning much more intensely, much more quickly than they were before,” said Mark A. Hartwig, president of the California Fire Chiefs Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 3,900 firefighters, including a crew of 40 volunteers from New Zealand, were battling the blaze, contending with temperatures in the high 90s and winds gusting to 25 mph (40 kph).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heavily forested area of myriad canyons where the fire is spreading has few roads or natural barriers that can serve as firebreaks or offer safe havens for firefighters to battle the flames head on, Cal Fire Battalion Chief Jonathan Cox said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So firefighters instead fell back to natural barriers such as streams or used bulldozers to cut fire lines, but the flames were moving so fast in spots that they blew past, forcing firefighters to retreat, Cox said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way you’re going to stop that fire,” said Kyle Coleman, 28, who returned to his childhood home last week to help his father try — in vain, it turned out — to protect it. “A big wall of flames came over the mountain … I pretty much got my dad out of there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, 14,000 firefighters were battling blazes across California, which is seeing earlier, longer and more destructive wildfire seasons because of drought, warmer weather attributed to climate change, and the building of homes deeper into the forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cal Fire is really an urban firefighter service in the woods,” said Arizona State University professor Stephen Pyne, a wildfire management expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mendocino Complex is actually two blazes burning so close together that authorities are attacking them as one, a common practice at Cal Fire. The fires started within an hour of each other about 15 miles (25 kilometers) apart. As of Tuesday, they were separated by just a few miles. Officials have not determined the cause of either one.[contextly_sidebar id=”yx8XuhorNJuNsPPbYCeB0ZVvScaNYXVK”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In becoming the biggest fire in California history , the Mendocino Complex fire broke a record set just eight months ago. A blaze in Southern California in December killed two people, burned 440 square miles (1,140 square kilometers) and destroyed more than 1,000 buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews also gained ground this week against another Northern California wildfire near the city of Redding that was blamed for at least six deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a blaze burning near Yosemite National Park has been raging for nearly a month but is still just one-third as large as the biggest fire, though dense smoke has closed much of the park to visitors for the past two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s firefighting costs have more than tripled from $242 million in the 2013 fiscal year to $773 million in the 2018 fiscal year that ended June 30, according to Cal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in uncharted territory,” Gov. Jerry Brown warned last week. “Since civilization emerged 10,000 years ago, we haven’t had this kind of heat condition, and it’s going to continue getting worse. That’s the way it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associated Press writers Don Thompson in Sacramento, California and Lorin Eleni Gill and Olga Rodriguez in San Francisco also contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Firefighters struggled against rugged terrain, high winds and an August heat wave Tuesday to slow the spread of the biggest wildfire ever recorded in California, an inferno that exploded to be nearly the size of Los Angeles in just 11 days.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 450-square-mile (1,165-square-kilometer) blaze, centered near the community of Upper Lake, about 100 miles (160 kilometers) north of San Francisco, spread fast because of what officials said was a perfect combination of weather, topography and abundant vegetation turned into highly flammable fuel by years of drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Firefighting efforts were also initially hampered by stretched resources, said the Department of Forestry and Fire Protection, also known as Cal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the fire started July 27, thousands of firefighters were hundreds of miles north battling a massive blaze that spread into the city of Redding, destroying more than 1,000 homes, in addition to a dozen other major blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days after the Upper Lake fire started, Cal Fire Battalion Chief John Messina told a community meeting that with so many fires already raging in California, “resources are already committed” so officials were forced to prioritize public safety and private property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After those two things are addressed then we’ll go after the pieces of fire that are in remote areas,” Messina said. “Typically, we’d go at all at once. There is just not the resources for that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flames were raging in mostly remote areas, and no deaths or serious injuries were reported. But at least 75 homes have been lost, and thousands of people have been forced to flee. The blaze, dubbed the Mendocino Complex, was reported 20 percent contained on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Its rapid growth at the same time firefighters were battling more than a dozen other major blazes around the state fanned fears that 2018 could become the worst wildfire season in California history.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For whatever reason, fires are burning much more intensely, much more quickly than they were before,” said Mark A. Hartwig, president of the California Fire Chiefs Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 3,900 firefighters, including a crew of 40 volunteers from New Zealand, were battling the blaze, contending with temperatures in the high 90s and winds gusting to 25 mph (40 kph).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heavily forested area of myriad canyons where the fire is spreading has few roads or natural barriers that can serve as firebreaks or offer safe havens for firefighters to battle the flames head on, Cal Fire Battalion Chief Jonathan Cox said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So firefighters instead fell back to natural barriers such as streams or used bulldozers to cut fire lines, but the flames were moving so fast in spots that they blew past, forcing firefighters to retreat, Cox said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way you’re going to stop that fire,” said Kyle Coleman, 28, who returned to his childhood home last week to help his father try — in vain, it turned out — to protect it. “A big wall of flames came over the mountain … I pretty much got my dad out of there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In all, 14,000 firefighters were battling blazes across California, which is seeing earlier, longer and more destructive wildfire seasons because of drought, warmer weather attributed to climate change, and the building of homes deeper into the forests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cal Fire is really an urban firefighter service in the woods,” said Arizona State University professor Stephen Pyne, a wildfire management expert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mendocino Complex is actually two blazes burning so close together that authorities are attacking them as one, a common practice at Cal Fire. The fires started within an hour of each other about 15 miles (25 kilometers) apart. As of Tuesday, they were separated by just a few miles. Officials have not determined the cause of either one.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In becoming the biggest fire in California history , the Mendocino Complex fire broke a record set just eight months ago. A blaze in Southern California in December killed two people, burned 440 square miles (1,140 square kilometers) and destroyed more than 1,000 buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Crews also gained ground this week against another Northern California wildfire near the city of Redding that was blamed for at least six deaths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a blaze burning near Yosemite National Park has been raging for nearly a month but is still just one-third as large as the biggest fire, though dense smoke has closed much of the park to visitors for the past two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s firefighting costs have more than tripled from $242 million in the 2013 fiscal year to $773 million in the 2018 fiscal year that ended June 30, according to Cal Fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in uncharted territory,” Gov. Jerry Brown warned last week. “Since civilization emerged 10,000 years ago, we haven’t had this kind of heat condition, and it’s going to continue getting worse. That’s the way it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associated Press writers Don Thompson in Sacramento, California and Lorin Eleni Gill and Olga Rodriguez in San Francisco also contributed to this report.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "No, President Trump, California Isn't Diverting Its Water Supply Away From Wildfires",
"headTitle": "No, President Trump, California Isn’t Diverting Its Water Supply Away From Wildfires | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>There are a lot of raging controversies in California’s water policy, but finding water for fighting wildfires isn’t one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re watching the Twitter feed from @realDonaldTrump, you might be confused about this. Here’s a tweet that — to say the least — raised eyebrows, when the president sent it out over the weekend:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">California wildfires are being magnified & made so much worse by the bad environmental laws which aren’t allowing massive amount of readily available water to be properly utilized. It is being diverted into the Pacific Ocean. Must also tree clear to stop fire spreading!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1026228024403021824?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">August 5, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>So here are the facts:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First up, KQED called Cal Fire to find out whether, in fact, they’re having any problems getting enough water to fight current wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not having any issues accessing any water supplies,” says Cal Fire spokesman Scott McLean. “We have plenty. The fires are right near reservoirs. We’re doing the job, we’re fighting the fight, we have the resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the notion that there are water sources in the state that are being diverted is “patently ridiculous,” according to Daniel Swain, a climate scientist at UCLA.[contextly_sidebar id=”FRd26aTPI4xeJqyclf8O3Oa5TUN2j1z6″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Firefighters] are drawing water from pretty much every available source,” says Swain. “Every reservoir, river, pond, lake that exists near these fires is essentially fair game for these firefighting efforts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what then, is to blame for the ferocity of this year’s wildfires?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927783/video-how-climate-change-is-wreaking-havoc-on-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">consensus from scientists\u003c/a> is that climate change, not lack of water, has contributed in multiple ways to the intensity of fires in California and the higher number of catastrophic fires we are having.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The climate in the West and elsewhere has been getting warmer and that’s leading to drier vegetation, drier forest, drier bush,” Swain says. “And that is acting to change the behavior of these fires, making them burn more intensely, hotter, and move faster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nighttime temperatures are also not as low as they used to be, and firefighters have noticed that fires don’t “lay down” at night the way they once did. Climate change is pushing nighttime temperatures \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926996/something-else-adding-fuel-to-californias-fire-season-warmer-nights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to rise even faster\u003c/a> than daytime temperatures. This means firefighters can’t count on much help from cool nights to get the upper hand on a fire.[contextly_sidebar id=”hhV9BhAr0lc5bwIBhakmX6qQvnC98Wnv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, urbanization has contributed to the destructiveness of wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are just more people moving into harm’s way,” says Swain. “We have expanded our urban areas into the wildland, where there is the risk of wildfires at an increasing rate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Trump accuses California of diverting its water supply, he may be referring to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/914603/the-biggest-california-water-decision-youve-never-heard-of\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decision expected this month\u003c/a> by the state water board. The controversy, long a point of contention, has nothing to do with the wildfires or wildfire management. But it’s a big deal. In fact, we call it: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/914603/the-biggest-california-water-decision-youve-never-heard-of\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Biggest California Water Decision You’ve Never Heard Of\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In a widely criticized tweet, Trump claimed that California water sources are being diverted away from fighting wildfires. We did some fact checking. He's wrong. Here's why.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>There are a lot of raging controversies in California’s water policy, but finding water for fighting wildfires isn’t one of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re watching the Twitter feed from @realDonaldTrump, you might be confused about this. Here’s a tweet that — to say the least — raised eyebrows, when the president sent it out over the weekend:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">California wildfires are being magnified & made so much worse by the bad environmental laws which aren’t allowing massive amount of readily available water to be properly utilized. It is being diverted into the Pacific Ocean. Must also tree clear to stop fire spreading!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1026228024403021824?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">August 5, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>So here are the facts:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First up, KQED called Cal Fire to find out whether, in fact, they’re having any problems getting enough water to fight current wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not having any issues accessing any water supplies,” says Cal Fire spokesman Scott McLean. “We have plenty. The fires are right near reservoirs. We’re doing the job, we’re fighting the fight, we have the resources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the notion that there are water sources in the state that are being diverted is “patently ridiculous,” according to Daniel Swain, a climate scientist at UCLA.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Firefighters] are drawing water from pretty much every available source,” says Swain. “Every reservoir, river, pond, lake that exists near these fires is essentially fair game for these firefighting efforts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what then, is to blame for the ferocity of this year’s wildfires?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1927783/video-how-climate-change-is-wreaking-havoc-on-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">consensus from scientists\u003c/a> is that climate change, not lack of water, has contributed in multiple ways to the intensity of fires in California and the higher number of catastrophic fires we are having.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The climate in the West and elsewhere has been getting warmer and that’s leading to drier vegetation, drier forest, drier bush,” Swain says. “And that is acting to change the behavior of these fires, making them burn more intensely, hotter, and move faster.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nighttime temperatures are also not as low as they used to be, and firefighters have noticed that fires don’t “lay down” at night the way they once did. Climate change is pushing nighttime temperatures \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1926996/something-else-adding-fuel-to-californias-fire-season-warmer-nights\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to rise even faster\u003c/a> than daytime temperatures. This means firefighters can’t count on much help from cool nights to get the upper hand on a fire.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, urbanization has contributed to the destructiveness of wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are just more people moving into harm’s way,” says Swain. “We have expanded our urban areas into the wildland, where there is the risk of wildfires at an increasing rate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Trump accuses California of diverting its water supply, he may be referring to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/914603/the-biggest-california-water-decision-youve-never-heard-of\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decision expected this month\u003c/a> by the state water board. The controversy, long a point of contention, has nothing to do with the wildfires or wildfire management. But it’s a big deal. In fact, we call it: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/914603/the-biggest-california-water-decision-youve-never-heard-of\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Biggest California Water Decision You’ve Never Heard Of\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Putting 5 Million Electric Cars on California Roads Wouldn't Overwhelm Power Grid: Report",
"headTitle": "Putting 5 Million Electric Cars on California Roads Wouldn’t Overwhelm Power Grid: Report | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/electric-cars-impact-electric-grid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concern \u003c/a>raised about the proliferation of plug-in electric vehicles in California is that they threaten to overwhelm an already stressed power grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet with transportation being the single largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the state, the move toward electric vehicles will play a critical role in meeting California’s ambitious climate goals.[contextly_sidebar id=”ABv4pDlWl1S1P2glmujUyNdIAqB3sSwv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, there are about \u003ca href=\"http://next10.org/sites/default/files/evs-ca-grid-op.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">369,000 electric cars\u003c/a> on California roads, and Gov. Jerry Brown hopes to bring that number up to 5 million by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might appear to put electric cars on a collision course with a fragile power grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a report released Thursday by San Francisco-based think tank \u003ca href=\"https://next10.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Next 10\u003c/a> suggests that there’s less cause for worry than some have suggested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California grid is well placed to handle rapid growth in PEVs but advance planning and smart policy can ease the transition for the state’s power system,” said the\u003ca href=\"http://next10.org/sites/default/files/ccas-evs-ders-press-release2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> statement\u003c/a> accompanying the report. Next 10 has been an advocate for putting more zero-emission vehicles on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report concludes that 3.9 million PEVs would suck up about 5 percent of the state’s current power needs, adding 15,500 gigawatt-hours to charging demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Illustrating this modest increase in energy demand, researchers say a\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Chevrolet Bolt electric car that drives 50 miles per day uses about the same amount of power as an air conditioner cooling a three-bedroom home for three hours.[contextly_sidebar id=”SLV08DIIcYDT04N0einJ4VNySVyLVsQ2″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s shift toward cleaner transportation will require upgrades to the energy system, according to the report, but the benefits will outweigh the costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If California wants to meet its zero-emission vehicle goals while keeping electricity affordable and reliable, it’s worth considering some policy levers that can help,” co-author Anand Gopal said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key measures the report recommends for a smoother transition include offering drivers off-peak charging incentives and “smart charging” programs, but the report notes potential barriers to these initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart charging is a method of regulating time and rate at which the vehicle is charged based on signals from the grid operator, allowing the car to stop charging at peak times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the barriers to a smooth transition to getting so many PEVs on the road, the report cites drivers’ privacy concerns and energy storage programs that use electric vehicle batteries to feed energy back to the grid. Often touted as a solution to grid stress, the report debunks the notion as costly and complex.[contextly_sidebar id=”GwbepcA8Q7D5Usw5DyrX2rre5BNddFQZ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stationary storage devices are a better solution, according to the report, because they’re more convenient to use than a “moving battery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, advances in technology such as smart devices for thermostats and refrigerators, which promise to make energy distribution more efficient and cost effective, make EV batteries a less attractive option for supplying energy to the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more electric cars hit the road, meeting the increased energy demand might require moving away from investor-owned public utilities and toward smaller, community-based programs, according to Next 10 analysts.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A comprehensive new report looks at the impact of electric cars on California's power grid and outlines measures for making the transition to cleaner transportation smoother.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One \u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/story/electric-cars-impact-electric-grid/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concern \u003c/a>raised about the proliferation of plug-in electric vehicles in California is that they threaten to overwhelm an already stressed power grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And yet with transportation being the single largest source of greenhouse gas emissions in the state, the move toward electric vehicles will play a critical role in meeting California’s ambitious climate goals.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, there are about \u003ca href=\"http://next10.org/sites/default/files/evs-ca-grid-op.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">369,000 electric cars\u003c/a> on California roads, and Gov. Jerry Brown hopes to bring that number up to 5 million by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might appear to put electric cars on a collision course with a fragile power grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a report released Thursday by San Francisco-based think tank \u003ca href=\"https://next10.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Next 10\u003c/a> suggests that there’s less cause for worry than some have suggested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California grid is well placed to handle rapid growth in PEVs but advance planning and smart policy can ease the transition for the state’s power system,” said the\u003ca href=\"http://next10.org/sites/default/files/ccas-evs-ders-press-release2.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> statement\u003c/a> accompanying the report. Next 10 has been an advocate for putting more zero-emission vehicles on the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report concludes that 3.9 million PEVs would suck up about 5 percent of the state’s current power needs, adding 15,500 gigawatt-hours to charging demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Illustrating this modest increase in energy demand, researchers say a\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Chevrolet Bolt electric car that drives 50 miles per day uses about the same amount of power as an air conditioner cooling a three-bedroom home for three hours.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s shift toward cleaner transportation will require upgrades to the energy system, according to the report, but the benefits will outweigh the costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If California wants to meet its zero-emission vehicle goals while keeping electricity affordable and reliable, it’s worth considering some policy levers that can help,” co-author Anand Gopal said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key measures the report recommends for a smoother transition include offering drivers off-peak charging incentives and “smart charging” programs, but the report notes potential barriers to these initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smart charging is a method of regulating time and rate at which the vehicle is charged based on signals from the grid operator, allowing the car to stop charging at peak times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the barriers to a smooth transition to getting so many PEVs on the road, the report cites drivers’ privacy concerns and energy storage programs that use electric vehicle batteries to feed energy back to the grid. Often touted as a solution to grid stress, the report debunks the notion as costly and complex.[contextly_sidebar id=”GwbepcA8Q7D5Usw5DyrX2rre5BNddFQZ\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stationary storage devices are a better solution, according to the report, because they’re more convenient to use than a “moving battery.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, advances in technology such as smart devices for thermostats and refrigerators, which promise to make energy distribution more efficient and cost effective, make EV batteries a less attractive option for supplying energy to the grid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As more electric cars hit the road, meeting the increased energy demand might require moving away from investor-owned public utilities and toward smaller, community-based programs, according to Next 10 analysts.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "PHOTOS: As One California Wildfire Ebbs, Another Explodes",
"headTitle": "PHOTOS: As One California Wildfire Ebbs, Another Explodes | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 12:36 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As firefighters work to contain a deadly wildfire in Northern California, another fire is rapidly expanding, threatening new communities and prompting fresh evacuations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mendocino Complex Fire is now the second-largest fire in state history. Tricia Austin, public information officer for the Mendocino Complex, tells NPR the previous second-largest fire was the Cedar Fire in 2003, which burned 273,246 acres. The Mendocino Complex is now at 273,664 acres and continuing to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest fire in state history, last year’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/12/577647656/thomas-fire-californias-largest-on-record-is-now-100-percent-contained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Thomas Fire\u003c/a> in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, charred 281,893 acres before it was contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, other wildfires in California, Oregon, Washington and Idaho continue to burn vast swathes of land, firefighters have been stretched thin battling the numerous blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The headline-grabbing Carr Fire, located in Northern California near the city of Redding, is now 45 percent contained, according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. The immediate threat to people’s homes has been greatly reduced, Sonja Hutson of member station KQED \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/06/635907928/communities-in-california-continue-to-be-ravaged-by-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928752\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928752\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A firefighter walks along a containment line while battling a wildfire in Redding, Calif., on July 28. \u003ccite>(Marcio Jose Sanchez/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/05/635789040/california-fires-spread-rapidly-killing-seventh-victim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">At least seven people have been killed\u003c/a> in that fire, which has burned more than 160,000 acres of land over the past two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late last week, state fire officials \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/communications_StatewideFireSummary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced\u003c/a> that the Carr Fire had become the sixth most destructive fire in California history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1928737\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1009260288_custom-54911234d7c6b8fd24d128838e3a0d25d15e0e47-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, attention has shifted to the Mendocino Complex Fire, which now poses a threat to more than 9,000 structures northwest of Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928751\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928751\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-1920x1079.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A firefighter gathers water from a pool while battling the Ranch Fire near Clearlake Oaks, Calif., on Saturday. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s called a “complex” because it consists of two fires being fought simultaneously, KQED’s Hutson explains — the River and the Ranch fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fires … are burning really close together in Mendocino and Lake counties, which are about 20 miles north of the Napa wine country,” she tells NPR’s \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>. “As a whole, they’re 33 percent contained. There’s over 9,000 structures threatened and 130 destroyed, so they are very destructive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928738\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928738\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177650_custom-39c82f7bdf8f38c68eaf0b4e84075b56e9d3b0b5-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Debbie Prior leads a horse to safety as the Ranch Fire tears down New Long Valley Road near Clearlake Oaks, Calif., on Saturday. The Ranch Fire is part of the Mendocino Complex.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The communities in the region are largely rural and low-income, which makes the fires even more devastating, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s really a lack of affordable housing in the area, so low-income people whose houses get burned down will usually go to where ever they have friends and family they can stay with in the immediate aftermath of the fire,” Hutson says. “And if that’s not in the area, they can miss out on a lot of help from nonprofits and the government in getting them back into housing in the area where they have lived for years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928742\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alex Schenck carries a water bucket while fighting to save his home near Clearlake Oaks, Calif. on Saturday, as the Ranch Fire approached. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Farther south, the Ferguson Fire — burning for three weeks now — has forced the indefinite closure of the most popular part of Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, fires are also burning in \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/4a65fcb6c8f5429d91a158692d1db9f6/Crews-battle-fires-in-Washington-state,-Idaho\">Idaho\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kxly.com/news/crews-still-trying-to-contain-angel-springs-fire-near-davenport/777809048\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washington\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/oregon-wildfire-near-dufur-nearly-triples-in-size-overnight-2018-08-02/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oregon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numerous simultaneous blazes have strained the nation’s firefighting resources. Thousands of firefighters are actively working on the ground, and crews from Australia and New Zealand have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/fires/article215880020.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flown in to assist\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928748\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928748\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-1920x1079.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A deer stands on a road covered with fire retardant near Redding, Calif., as the Carr Fire burned in the area on July 28. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=PHOTOS%3A+As+One+California+Wildfire+Ebbs%2C+Another+Explodes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Carr Fire, which killed seven people, has been partially contained and the threat to residents reduced. But the Mendocino Complex Fire is now the second-largest wildfire in state history.",
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"description": "The Carr Fire, which killed seven people, has been partially contained and the threat to residents reduced. But the Mendocino Complex Fire is now the second-largest wildfire in state history.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 12:36 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As firefighters work to contain a deadly wildfire in Northern California, another fire is rapidly expanding, threatening new communities and prompting fresh evacuations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mendocino Complex Fire is now the second-largest fire in state history. Tricia Austin, public information officer for the Mendocino Complex, tells NPR the previous second-largest fire was the Cedar Fire in 2003, which burned 273,246 acres. The Mendocino Complex is now at 273,664 acres and continuing to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest fire in state history, last year’s\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/12/577647656/thomas-fire-californias-largest-on-record-is-now-100-percent-contained\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Thomas Fire\u003c/a> in Ventura and Santa Barbara counties, charred 281,893 acres before it was contained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, other wildfires in California, Oregon, Washington and Idaho continue to burn vast swathes of land, firefighters have been stretched thin battling the numerous blazes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The headline-grabbing Carr Fire, located in Northern California near the city of Redding, is now 45 percent contained, according to the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. The immediate threat to people’s homes has been greatly reduced, Sonja Hutson of member station KQED \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/06/635907928/communities-in-california-continue-to-be-ravaged-by-wildfires\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reports\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928752\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928752\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/ap_18210096192917_custom-ee3e2a39336d0afe727b6675feead5bfad7885c0-s2300-c85-1-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A firefighter walks along a containment line while battling a wildfire in Redding, Calif., on July 28. \u003ccite>(Marcio Jose Sanchez/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/08/05/635789040/california-fires-spread-rapidly-killing-seventh-victim\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">At least seven people have been killed\u003c/a> in that fire, which has burned more than 160,000 acres of land over the past two weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late last week, state fire officials \u003ca href=\"http://calfire.ca.gov/communications/communications_StatewideFireSummary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced\u003c/a> that the Carr Fire had become the sixth most destructive fire in California history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-1928737\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1009260288_custom-54911234d7c6b8fd24d128838e3a0d25d15e0e47-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, attention has shifted to the Mendocino Complex Fire, which now poses a threat to more than 9,000 structures northwest of Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928751\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928751\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-1920x1079.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177452_wide-832a3d0a478d168f68f2dfb6156adafb5bca03bd-s2300-c85-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A firefighter gathers water from a pool while battling the Ranch Fire near Clearlake Oaks, Calif., on Saturday. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It’s called a “complex” because it consists of two fires being fought simultaneously, KQED’s Hutson explains — the River and the Ranch fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fires … are burning really close together in Mendocino and Lake counties, which are about 20 miles north of the Napa wine country,” she tells NPR’s \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>. “As a whole, they’re 33 percent contained. There’s over 9,000 structures threatened and 130 destroyed, so they are very destructive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928738\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928738\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177650_custom-39c82f7bdf8f38c68eaf0b4e84075b56e9d3b0b5-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Debbie Prior leads a horse to safety as the Ranch Fire tears down New Long Valley Road near Clearlake Oaks, Calif., on Saturday. The Ranch Fire is part of the Mendocino Complex.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The communities in the region are largely rural and low-income, which makes the fires even more devastating, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s really a lack of affordable housing in the area, so low-income people whose houses get burned down will usually go to where ever they have friends and family they can stay with in the immediate aftermath of the fire,” Hutson says. “And if that’s not in the area, they can miss out on a lot of help from nonprofits and the government in getting them back into housing in the area where they have lived for years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928742\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928742\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-1920x1278.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1011177152_custom-0c8f2a32514d7a9f50828397cd2ec9361c0699df-s2300-c85-1-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alex Schenck carries a water bucket while fighting to save his home near Clearlake Oaks, Calif. on Saturday, as the Ranch Fire approached. \u003ccite>(Noah Berger/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Farther south, the Ferguson Fire — burning for three weeks now — has forced the indefinite closure of the most popular part of Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, fires are also burning in \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/4a65fcb6c8f5429d91a158692d1db9f6/Crews-battle-fires-in-Washington-state,-Idaho\">Idaho\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kxly.com/news/crews-still-trying-to-contain-angel-springs-fire-near-davenport/777809048\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Washington\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/oregon-wildfire-near-dufur-nearly-triples-in-size-overnight-2018-08-02/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oregon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The numerous simultaneous blazes have strained the nation’s firefighting resources. Thousands of firefighters are actively working on the ground, and crews from Australia and New Zealand have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/state/california/fires/article215880020.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">flown in to assist\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1928748\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1928748\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-1920x1079.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/08/gettyimages-1006841212_wide-74198b11b3fdbe0510db207e0754a4692160d996-s2300-c85-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A deer stands on a road covered with fire retardant near Redding, Calif., as the Carr Fire burned in the area on July 28. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=PHOTOS%3A+As+One+California+Wildfire+Ebbs%2C+Another+Explodes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Groundwater Law Means Big Changes Above Ground, Too",
"headTitle": "California Groundwater Law Means Big Changes Above Ground, Too | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Groundwater-Management/SGMA-Groundwater-Management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/a> (SGMA), adopted in 2014, will change more than groundwater. The requirement to end overdraft will also transform land use, a massive side effect yet to be widely recognized.[contextly_sidebar id=”QOi46UTw5U1BAOGXmVwGXKGO4eIf3nYb”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of California will literally look different once the law takes full effect. It could put some farmers out of business. It could change how others farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some areas, farms will have to be fallowed to reduce groundwater demand. That idled farmland will have lots of important new uses. Some could become wildlife habitat or groundwater recharge basins. Others could be useful for solar energy development and other semi-industrial uses. Undoubtedly, some will become housing subdivisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City and county government leaders are starting to realize there’s a lot at stake. The landscape itself will change as groundwater extraction changes. Without careful planning, property tax revenues that fund a wide variety of essential government services could be compromised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t believe it is a groundwater law. I believe it’s a land use law,” said Lorelei Oviatt, director of planning and natural resources in Kern County, the southernmost county in California’s fertile San Joaquin Valley. “In my mind, SGMA has actually opened up doors for new technology – new ways of looking at how we use our land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/business/agriculture/article174175846.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">most productive\u003c/a> farming county in the state last year in the nation’s most productive farming region. The total value of its agricultural production was $7.2 billion in 2017. Lots of that success was built on groundwater overdraft – which must soon end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kern County isn’t alone. Many other California counties are in the same situation. All but three of the 14 groundwater basins in the San Joaquin Valley are ranked as critically overdrafted. Ten others, mostly along the Central Coast, are also critically overdrafted. Several dozen more throughout the state are ranked as high or medium priority, which also face deadlines to bring their aquifers into balance, meaning extraction and replenishment are equalized.[contextly_sidebar id=”h4pBKE0Rb4uVuMszqwXymlJQ2CvTD7WJ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other aquifers in the state are already in balance, and now their managers must figure out how to keep them that way – which means land use will become an issue for all aquifers in the state, said Ellen Hanak, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Policy Center\u003c/a> at the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody everywhere who is implementing SGMA is going to be thinking about how to protect areas that are good for recharge,” said Hanak. “People didn’t think about that in the past, and now they’re going to have to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, groundwater managers, for the first time, will be paying attention to where new housing is built, and there may be more resistance to sprawl-type suburban development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best groundwater recharge areas have certain soil types that are good at absorbing water. These areas have already been mapped by, among others, the \u003ca href=\"https://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/sagbi/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">California \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/sagbi/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Soil Resource Lab\u003c/a> at the University of California, Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180806000546/BeeFloodedFieldKasler1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stormwater floods the 5-acre almond orchard of farmer Nick Blom in an experiment in 2016 to restore the drought-depleted aquifer in Modesto, Calif. (Paul Kitagaki, The Sacramento Bee)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Protecting recharge zones from urbanization will become a new focus of growth management, but it can’t be the only focus. In areas like the San Joaquin Valley, there is not a lot of surface water available for recharge because most of it is diverted from Northern California and already in high demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves storm runoff as the main recharge option, and many areas of the San Joaquin Valley are well suited to that: The valley was a giant floodplain, after all, before it was developed for farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But storm runoff is not available in all years. In addition, as the PPIC notes in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/publication/replenishing-groundwater-in-the-san-joaquin-valley/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent report\u003c/a>, most available storm runoff occurs in the north part of the San Joaquin Valley, while the best recharge lands are in the south. Hence, new infrastructure will be needed to channel flood flows to basins where it can be recharged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At best, you can probably meet up to a quarter of the deficit with additional recharge,” Hanak said. “That means you’ve still got a big gap to fill. So there’s a growing recognition that this is going to mean some land coming out of production in the valley.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She estimates 10–12 percent of farmland in the San Joaquin Valley will have to be fallowed as a conservation measure to reduce demand on groundwater. That doesn’t sound like a lot. But it amounts to about 600,000 acres – roughly equal to seven cities the size of Fresno.[contextly_sidebar id=”HwgmZfMBhjUHq1pYaaNOEQxCVtqOSm7g”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How all that land gets reused is a huge issue for the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of good farmland is also suitable for groundwater recharge, and the two are not incompatible. University of California research found that 3.6 million acres of crops in the state may be \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=18393\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suitable for recharge\u003c/a>. At the right time and in the right quantities, shallow flooding works on crops as diverse as alfalfa, wine grapes and almonds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kara Heckert, state director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.farmland.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">American Farmland Trust\u003c/a>, said it is important to make sure the most productive farmland is spared from fallowing. The nonprofit recently published a report that found 323,000 acres of farmland in the San Joaquin Valley could be lost to development by 2050 as suburban sprawl creeps out from cities like Lodi, Manteca, Hanford and Bakersfield. About half of that acreage is considered high-value farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message is that cities, counties, farmers and groundwater sustainability agencies (GSAs) need to work together in new ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Land quality across the San Joaquin Valley should be a consideration used by [GSAs] when they are determining groundwater allocations within their districts,” said Heckert. “Ensuring the best agricultural land continues to receive adequate groundwater supply will help maintain California’s agricultural production and natural heritage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanak said governments could offer a variety of incentives to derive the most benefit from farmland retirement. Grants and tax breaks, for instance, could encourage fallowing in certain areas to create new wildlife refuge areas or to expand existing refuges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less productive farmland near utility corridors could be rezoned for alternative energy development. This would encourage crop fallowing to cut groundwater use while also boosting property taxes collected on these lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If farmland is simply fallowed and left bare, Oviatt said, local property taxes will suffer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180806000510/900_08_us_ca_81_2031.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new water well being drilled in an almond orchard in Tulare County, Calif., in 2014. (Citizens of the Planet/Education Images/UIG via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It can’t just all become open space,” she said. “Open space doesn’t pay enough property taxes to keep our sheriff and our parks and libraries alive. As a land use planner, I believe it’s my responsibility to make sure this works for everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oviatt noted that local governments face a conflict in planning their growth. State laws encourage them to both conserve water and build more homes to address the housing affordability crisis in California. Those goals are in conflict, especially in a region like the San Joaquin Valley, where many local communities rely on groundwater, and SGMA will make that groundwater harder to come by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not having a big enough dialogue about how the new water rules fit in with this whole idea of building more houses,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One strategy, she said, would be to require all new homes to include on-site gray-water recycling. Another is a water trading scheme for residential development. Kern County already does this in the Tehachapi area, a mountainous community east of Bakersfield that relies on sparse groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A developer who wants to build a 50-home subdivision in Tehachapi can buy the water he needs from other unbuilt lots in the region, if he can find willing sellers. The process concentrates both the water use and the housing development. Something similar could work throughout the San Joaquin Valley to control where development occurs and where groundwater gets pumped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need more tools in this new water world we’re in,” Oviatt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SGMA has been criticized for its distant deadlines, because hundreds of new wells are being drilled in the meantime, putting additional strain on groundwater. But it may turn out to be a good thing that this law creeps along like a wagon train. It will take years to manage all the land use changes that will accompany changes in groundwater use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think anybody is under the illusion that it’s all going to work perfectly,” said Hanak. “The good thing about this is, it’s not an overnight thing that’s going to happen. It’s something that people will have some time to plan for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/08/06/california-groundwater-law-means-big-changes-above-ground-too\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The state’s Sustainable Groundwater Management Act is likely to result in fallowing thousands of acres of farmland. Local governments are just waking up to the big opportunities, and risks, in how that land gets reused.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/Groundwater-Management/SGMA-Groundwater-Management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sustainable Groundwater Management Act\u003c/a> (SGMA), adopted in 2014, will change more than groundwater. The requirement to end overdraft will also transform land use, a massive side effect yet to be widely recognized.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parts of California will literally look different once the law takes full effect. It could put some farmers out of business. It could change how others farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some areas, farms will have to be fallowed to reduce groundwater demand. That idled farmland will have lots of important new uses. Some could become wildlife habitat or groundwater recharge basins. Others could be useful for solar energy development and other semi-industrial uses. Undoubtedly, some will become housing subdivisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City and county government leaders are starting to realize there’s a lot at stake. The landscape itself will change as groundwater extraction changes. Without careful planning, property tax revenues that fund a wide variety of essential government services could be compromised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t believe it is a groundwater law. I believe it’s a land use law,” said Lorelei Oviatt, director of planning and natural resources in Kern County, the southernmost county in California’s fertile San Joaquin Valley. “In my mind, SGMA has actually opened up doors for new technology – new ways of looking at how we use our land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kern County was the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fresnobee.com/news/business/agriculture/article174175846.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">most productive\u003c/a> farming county in the state last year in the nation’s most productive farming region. The total value of its agricultural production was $7.2 billion in 2017. Lots of that success was built on groundwater overdraft – which must soon end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Kern County isn’t alone. Many other California counties are in the same situation. All but three of the 14 groundwater basins in the San Joaquin Valley are ranked as critically overdrafted. Ten others, mostly along the Central Coast, are also critically overdrafted. Several dozen more throughout the state are ranked as high or medium priority, which also face deadlines to bring their aquifers into balance, meaning extraction and replenishment are equalized.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many other aquifers in the state are already in balance, and now their managers must figure out how to keep them that way – which means land use will become an issue for all aquifers in the state, said Ellen Hanak, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Water Policy Center\u003c/a> at the Public Policy Institute of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody everywhere who is implementing SGMA is going to be thinking about how to protect areas that are good for recharge,” said Hanak. “People didn’t think about that in the past, and now they’re going to have to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, groundwater managers, for the first time, will be paying attention to where new housing is built, and there may be more resistance to sprawl-type suburban development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The best groundwater recharge areas have certain soil types that are good at absorbing water. These areas have already been mapped by, among others, the \u003ca href=\"https://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/sagbi/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">California \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://casoilresource.lawr.ucdavis.edu/sagbi/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Soil Resource Lab\u003c/a> at the University of California, Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180806000546/BeeFloodedFieldKasler1.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"400\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stormwater floods the 5-acre almond orchard of farmer Nick Blom in an experiment in 2016 to restore the drought-depleted aquifer in Modesto, Calif. (Paul Kitagaki, The Sacramento Bee)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Protecting recharge zones from urbanization will become a new focus of growth management, but it can’t be the only focus. In areas like the San Joaquin Valley, there is not a lot of surface water available for recharge because most of it is diverted from Northern California and already in high demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves storm runoff as the main recharge option, and many areas of the San Joaquin Valley are well suited to that: The valley was a giant floodplain, after all, before it was developed for farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But storm runoff is not available in all years. In addition, as the PPIC notes in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/publication/replenishing-groundwater-in-the-san-joaquin-valley/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent report\u003c/a>, most available storm runoff occurs in the north part of the San Joaquin Valley, while the best recharge lands are in the south. Hence, new infrastructure will be needed to channel flood flows to basins where it can be recharged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At best, you can probably meet up to a quarter of the deficit with additional recharge,” Hanak said. “That means you’ve still got a big gap to fill. So there’s a growing recognition that this is going to mean some land coming out of production in the valley.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She estimates 10–12 percent of farmland in the San Joaquin Valley will have to be fallowed as a conservation measure to reduce demand on groundwater. That doesn’t sound like a lot. But it amounts to about 600,000 acres – roughly equal to seven cities the size of Fresno.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How all that land gets reused is a huge issue for the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of good farmland is also suitable for groundwater recharge, and the two are not incompatible. University of California research found that 3.6 million acres of crops in the state may be \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/blogs/blogcore/postdetail.cfm?postnum=18393\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">suitable for recharge\u003c/a>. At the right time and in the right quantities, shallow flooding works on crops as diverse as alfalfa, wine grapes and almonds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kara Heckert, state director of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.farmland.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">American Farmland Trust\u003c/a>, said it is important to make sure the most productive farmland is spared from fallowing. The nonprofit recently published a report that found 323,000 acres of farmland in the San Joaquin Valley could be lost to development by 2050 as suburban sprawl creeps out from cities like Lodi, Manteca, Hanford and Bakersfield. About half of that acreage is considered high-value farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message is that cities, counties, farmers and groundwater sustainability agencies (GSAs) need to work together in new ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Land quality across the San Joaquin Valley should be a consideration used by [GSAs] when they are determining groundwater allocations within their districts,” said Heckert. “Ensuring the best agricultural land continues to receive adequate groundwater supply will help maintain California’s agricultural production and natural heritage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hanak said governments could offer a variety of incentives to derive the most benefit from farmland retirement. Grants and tax breaks, for instance, could encourage fallowing in certain areas to create new wildlife refuge areas or to expand existing refuges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Less productive farmland near utility corridors could be rezoned for alternative energy development. This would encourage crop fallowing to cut groundwater use while also boosting property taxes collected on these lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If farmland is simply fallowed and left bare, Oviatt said, local property taxes will suffer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure>\n\u003cfigure class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"extendsBeyondTextColumn\" src=\"https://newsdeeply.imgix.net/20180806000510/900_08_us_ca_81_2031.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new water well being drilled in an almond orchard in Tulare County, Calif., in 2014. (Citizens of the Planet/Education Images/UIG via Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It can’t just all become open space,” she said. “Open space doesn’t pay enough property taxes to keep our sheriff and our parks and libraries alive. As a land use planner, I believe it’s my responsibility to make sure this works for everyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oviatt noted that local governments face a conflict in planning their growth. State laws encourage them to both conserve water and build more homes to address the housing affordability crisis in California. Those goals are in conflict, especially in a region like the San Joaquin Valley, where many local communities rely on groundwater, and SGMA will make that groundwater harder to come by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are not having a big enough dialogue about how the new water rules fit in with this whole idea of building more houses,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One strategy, she said, would be to require all new homes to include on-site gray-water recycling. Another is a water trading scheme for residential development. Kern County already does this in the Tehachapi area, a mountainous community east of Bakersfield that relies on sparse groundwater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A developer who wants to build a 50-home subdivision in Tehachapi can buy the water he needs from other unbuilt lots in the region, if he can find willing sellers. The process concentrates both the water use and the housing development. Something similar could work throughout the San Joaquin Valley to control where development occurs and where groundwater gets pumped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need more tools in this new water world we’re in,” Oviatt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SGMA has been criticized for its distant deadlines, because hundreds of new wells are being drilled in the meantime, putting additional strain on groundwater. But it may turn out to be a good thing that this law creeps along like a wagon train. It will take years to manage all the land use changes that will accompany changes in groundwater use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think anybody is under the illusion that it’s all going to work perfectly,” said Hanak. “The good thing about this is, it’s not an overnight thing that’s going to happen. It’s something that people will have some time to plan for.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This article originally appeared on \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://mail.kqed.org/owa/redir.aspx?C=9e4bb0e1a7d74f24ba4684ef2533053d&URL=https%3a%2f%2fwww.newsdeeply.com%2fwater\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Water Deeply\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, and you can find it \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2018/08/06/california-groundwater-law-means-big-changes-above-ground-too\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">here\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.us5.list-manage.com/subscribe?u=8b78e9a34ff7443ec1e8c62c6&id=2947becb78\">\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sign up\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/a>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> to the Water Deeply email list.\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
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