window.__IS_SSR__=true
window.__INITIAL_STATE__={
"attachmentsReducer": {
"audio_0": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_0",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background0.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_1": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_1",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background1.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_2": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_2",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background2.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_3": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_3",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background3.jpg"
}
}
},
"audio_4": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "audio_4",
"imgSizes": {
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/themes/KQED-unified/img/audio_bgs/background4.jpg"
}
}
},
"placeholder": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "placeholder",
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"height": 512,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"large": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"1536x1536": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1536x1024.jpg",
"width": 1536,
"height": 1024,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"height": 576,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 107,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"small": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"height": 372,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"height": 680,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1280,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 32,
"height": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 50,
"height": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 64,
"height": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 96,
"height": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 128,
"height": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-1333x1333-1-160x160.jpg",
"width": 160,
"height": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg"
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/KQED-Default-Image-816638274-2000x1333-1.jpg",
"width": 2000,
"height": 1333
}
}
},
"science_1933074": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1933074",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1933074",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1932901,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672.jpg",
"width": 5472,
"height": 3648
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-1036099672-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1539815482,
"modified": 1539815953,
"caption": "Partial view of the flora in Puerto Rico's national park, on September 19, 2018. A new study blames climate change for the dramatic declines in insect populations in the tropics.",
"description": null,
"title": "Puerto Rico Still Recovering One Year After Hurricane Maria's Deadly Onslaught",
"credit": "Angel Valentin/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1932594": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1932594",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932594",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1932591,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-947461922_slide-27535609018e2e9a8bdf31a39eb7bce3f678af33-s800-c85-520x346.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 346
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-947461922_slide-27535609018e2e9a8bdf31a39eb7bce3f678af33-s800-c85-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-947461922_slide-27535609018e2e9a8bdf31a39eb7bce3f678af33-s800-c85-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-947461922_slide-27535609018e2e9a8bdf31a39eb7bce3f678af33-s800-c85-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-947461922_slide-27535609018e2e9a8bdf31a39eb7bce3f678af33-s800-c85.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-947461922_slide-27535609018e2e9a8bdf31a39eb7bce3f678af33-s800-c85-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-947461922_slide-27535609018e2e9a8bdf31a39eb7bce3f678af33-s800-c85-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-947461922_slide-27535609018e2e9a8bdf31a39eb7bce3f678af33-s800-c85-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-947461922_slide-27535609018e2e9a8bdf31a39eb7bce3f678af33-s800-c85-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-947461922_slide-27535609018e2e9a8bdf31a39eb7bce3f678af33-s800-c85-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-947461922_slide-27535609018e2e9a8bdf31a39eb7bce3f678af33-s800-c85-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-947461922_slide-27535609018e2e9a8bdf31a39eb7bce3f678af33-s800-c85-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-947461922_slide-27535609018e2e9a8bdf31a39eb7bce3f678af33-s800-c85-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/gettyimages-947461922_slide-27535609018e2e9a8bdf31a39eb7bce3f678af33-s800-c85-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1539185018,
"modified": 1539185044,
"caption": "A newborn giraffe follows its mother outside into their enclosure for the first time at Artis Zoo in Amsterdam in 2018. In a new study, researchers say giraffes' spot patterns can be traced to their mothers.",
"description": null,
"title": "gettyimages-947461922_slide-27535609018e2e9a8bdf31a39eb7bce3f678af33-s800-c85",
"credit": "Robin Van Lonkhuijsen/AFP/Getty Images",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1932377": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1932377",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932377",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1932072,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-520x293.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 293
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-375x211.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-1200x675.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 675
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_MARQUEE-240x135.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1538762654,
"modified": 1538836058,
"caption": "The skeleton of a Pacific sand dollar showing the five-pointed petaloid structure.",
"description": null,
"title": "DL518_MARQUEE",
"credit": "Josh Cassidy/KQED",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1932303": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1932303",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932303",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1932298,
"imgSizes": {
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Xyrauchen_texanus-160x106.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 106
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Xyrauchen_texanus-375x249.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 249
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Xyrauchen_texanus.jpg",
"width": 504,
"height": 335
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Xyrauchen_texanus-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Xyrauchen_texanus-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Xyrauchen_texanus-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Xyrauchen_texanus-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Xyrauchen_texanus-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Xyrauchen_texanus-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/Xyrauchen_texanus-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1538663543,
"modified": 1538663651,
"caption": "The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service plans to announce that it will recommend reclassifying the razorback sucker from endangered to threatened.",
"description": null,
"title": "Xyrauchen_texanus",
"credit": "U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1932027": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1932027",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932027",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1932026,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-520x323.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 323
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-160x99.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 99
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-960x596.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 596
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-375x233.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 233
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b.jpg",
"width": 4143,
"height": 2570
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-1020x633.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 633
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-1180x732.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 732
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-1200x744.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 744
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-800x496.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 496
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-1920x1191.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1191
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-1180x732.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 732
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-1920x1191.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1191
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-768x476.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 476
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/bicephaliccopperhead4_custom-f003d1f88b6ed32f6e66786e5ae555ef4ecba26b-240x149.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 149
}
},
"publishDate": 1538372420,
"modified": 1538372420,
"caption": null,
"description": "State herpetologist J.D. Kleopfer says the discovery of a two-headed copperhead snake in Northern Virginia earlier this month is an \"extraordinarily rare\" sighting that few of his colleagues have seen.",
"title": "State herpetologist J.D. Kleopfer says the discovery of a two-headed copperhead snake in Northern Virginia earlier this month is an \"extraordinarily rare\" sighting that few of his colleagues have seen.",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1931936": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1931936",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1931936",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1931935,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-520x289.png",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 289
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-1038x576.png",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-160x89.png",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 89
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-960x534.png",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 534
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-672x372.png",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-375x209.png",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 209
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba.png",
"width": 1913,
"height": 1065
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-1020x568.png",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 568
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-1180x657.png",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 657
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-1200x668.png",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 668
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-50x50.png",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-96x96.png",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-800x445.png",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 445
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-64x64.png",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-32x32.png",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-1180x657.png",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 657
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-150x150.png",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-768x428.png",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 428
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-128x128.png",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/screen-shot-2018-09-28-at-1.04.36-pm_enl-501dd862e6dfc1650a4600b3ef18e9001cc10fba-240x134.png",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/png",
"height": 134
}
},
"publishDate": 1538160372,
"modified": 1538160372,
"caption": null,
"description": null,
"title": "A screenshot by NPR of a sea lion flinging an octopus",
"credit": null,
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1931805": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1931805",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1931805",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1931779,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-520x347.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 347
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-960x640.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 640
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-375x250.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 250
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072.jpg",
"width": 4252,
"height": 2835
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-1020x680.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 680
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-1200x800.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 800
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-800x533.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 533
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-1180x787.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 787
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-1920x1280.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1280
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-768x512.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 512
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-479441072-240x160.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 160
}
},
"publishDate": 1538074822,
"modified": 1538074886,
"caption": "A diver observes filamentous algae at La Ciotat in the Mediterranean sea, on July 4, 2015. Recent global warming has caused a major algal bloom on the seabed, suffocating flora and causing important biodiversity changes. ",
"description": null,
"title": "FRANCE-NATURE-CLIMATE-ENVIRONMENT",
"credit": "AFP PHOTO / BORIS HORVAT ",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1931755": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1931755",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1931755",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1931694,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574-1-520x373.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 373
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574-1-160x115.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 115
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574-1-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574-1-375x269.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 269
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574-1.jpg",
"width": 800,
"height": 574
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574-1-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574-1-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574-1-800x574.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574-1-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574-1-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574-1-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574-1-768x551.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 551
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574-1-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574-1-240x172.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 172
}
},
"publishDate": 1537912282,
"modified": 1537919696,
"caption": "The American pika is among many small animals in national parks that could go extinct due to warming temperatures, according to a new study.",
"description": "The American pika is among many small animals in national parks that could go extinct due to warming temperatures, according to a new study.",
"title": "pikaHayingPenstamon_beckaBarkley2010-800x574 (1)",
"credit": "Chris Ray",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1931721": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1931721",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1931721",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1931720,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-520x292.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 292
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-375x211.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb.jpg",
"width": 3000,
"height": 1687
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-1200x675.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 675
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/ap_18268022663285_wide-4ecbf05352e08c2519e75da0d304a89e993a2bbb-240x135.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1537897823,
"modified": 1569440129,
"caption": "A grizzly bear in 2011 in Yellowstone National Park. ",
"description": "A grizzly bear in 2011 in Yellowstone National Park. A federal judge restored the species to the endangered list on Monday.",
"title": "A grizzly bear in 2011 in Yellowstone National Park. A federal judge restored the species to the endangered list on Monday.",
"credit": "Jim Urquhart/AP",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1931374": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1931374",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1931374",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1931366,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-520x293.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 293
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-160x90.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 90
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-960x540.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 540
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-375x211.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 211
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"height": 1080
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-1020x574.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 574
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-1200x675.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 675
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-800x450.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 450
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-lrg": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-1180x664.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 664
},
"full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-1920x1080.jpg",
"width": 1920,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 1080
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-768x432.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 432
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-phead-240x135.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 135
}
},
"publishDate": 1536939161,
"modified": 1537285209,
"caption": "A house centipede devours a fly.",
"description": null,
"title": "DL517-phead",
"credit": "Kevin Collins",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
},
"science_1931630": {
"type": "attachments",
"id": "science_1931630",
"meta": {
"index": "attachments_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1931630",
"found": true
},
"parent": 1931626,
"imgSizes": {
"small": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-520x348.jpg",
"width": 520,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 348
},
"twentyfourteen-full-width": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-1038x576.jpg",
"width": 1038,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 576
},
"thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-160x107.jpg",
"width": 160,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 107
},
"fd-sm": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-960x643.jpg",
"width": 960,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 643
},
"post-thumbnail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-672x372.jpg",
"width": 672,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 372
},
"xsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-375x251.jpg",
"width": 375,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 251
},
"kqedFullSize": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"height": 804
},
"large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-1020x683.jpg",
"width": 1020,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 683
},
"xlarge": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-1180x791.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 791
},
"complete_open_graph": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-1200x804.jpg",
"width": 1200,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 804
},
"guest-author-50": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-50x50.jpg",
"width": 50,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 50
},
"guest-author-96": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-96x96.jpg",
"width": 96,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 96
},
"medium": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-800x536.jpg",
"width": 800,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 536
},
"guest-author-64": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-64x64.jpg",
"width": 64,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 64
},
"guest-author-32": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-32x32.jpg",
"width": 32,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 32
},
"fd-med": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-1180x791.jpg",
"width": 1180,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 791
},
"detail": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-150x150.jpg",
"width": 150,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 150
},
"medium_large": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-768x515.jpg",
"width": 768,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 515
},
"guest-author-128": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-128x128.jpg",
"width": 128,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 128
},
"xxsmall": {
"file": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/GettyImages-73798134-1200x804-240x161.jpg",
"width": 240,
"mimeType": "image/jpeg",
"height": 161
}
},
"publishDate": 1537553453,
"modified": 1537553480,
"caption": "This normally asocial octopus became touchy-feely after a dose of ecstasy. ",
"description": null,
"title": "Two-spotted Octopus (Octopus bimaculoides), swimming underwater, California",
"credit": "ibreakstock/Stock Adobe",
"status": "inherit",
"isLoading": false,
"fetchFailed": false
}
},
"audioPlayerReducer": {
"postId": "stream_live",
"isPaused": true,
"isPlaying": false,
"pfsActive": false,
"pledgeModalIsOpen": true,
"playerDrawerIsOpen": false,
"liveAudioPlayStartedAt": 0,
"liveAudioPlayContext": ""
},
"authorsReducer": {
"byline_science_1932591": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1932591",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1932591",
"name": "Emily Sullivan, NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1932298": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1932298",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1932298",
"name": "Dan Elliot\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1932026": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1932026",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1932026",
"name": "Emma Bowman, NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1931935": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1931935",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1931935",
"name": "Rachel D. Cohen, NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1931720": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1931720",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1931720",
"name": "Nate Hegyi, NPR",
"isLoading": false
},
"byline_science_1931626": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "byline_science_1931626",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"slug": "byline_science_1931626",
"name": "Jamie Leventhal, PBS NewsHour",
"isLoading": false
},
"ekennerson": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11090",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11090",
"found": true
},
"name": "Elliott Kennerson",
"firstName": "Elliott",
"lastName": "Kennerson",
"slug": "ekennerson",
"email": "ekennerson@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": null,
"bio": "Elliott Kennerson joined KQED Science as a Digital Media Producer in 2015. Before joining KQED, he produced the Kickstarter-funded series “Animal R&R” for KPBS in San Diego. Elliott received his M.F.A. training in wildlife documentary at Montana State in Bozeman and holds a B.A. from Yale in archaeology. In his former life as an actor, he was an associate artist with LightBox Theater Company in New York. Elliott is the recipient of a 2017 Regional Emmy for his work as a producer on “Deep Look.\"",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/90ebfa58055409e54c8f8a4c120ecf91?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "edorank",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Elliott Kennerson | KQED",
"description": null,
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/90ebfa58055409e54c8f8a4c120ecf91?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/90ebfa58055409e54c8f8a4c120ecf91?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/ekennerson"
},
"lesleymcclurg": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11229",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11229",
"found": true
},
"name": "Lesley McClurg",
"firstName": "Lesley",
"lastName": "McClurg",
"slug": "lesleymcclurg",
"email": "lmcclurg@KQED.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [
"news",
"science"
],
"title": "KQED Health Correspondent",
"bio": "Lesley McClurg is a health correspondent and fill-in host whose work is regularly rebroadcast on NPR and PBS programs. She’s earned multiple regional Emmy awards, a national and a regional Edward R. Murrow award, and was named Best Beat Reporter by the Association of Health Care Journalists. The Society of Professional Journalists has recognized her work several times, and the Society of Environmental Journalists spotlighted her coverage of California’s historic drought.\r\n\r\nBefore joining KQED in 2016, Lesley covered food and sustainability for Capital Public Radio, environmental issues for Colorado Public Radio, and reported for KUOW and KCTS 9 in Seattle. Away from the newsroom, she loves skiing with her daughter, mountain biking with her partner, and playing with Ollie, the family’s goldendoodle. On deadline, she runs almost entirely on chocolate chips.\r\n\r\n ",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "lesleywmcclurg",
"bluesky": null,
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "arts",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "stateofhealth",
"roles": [
"author"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": [
"editor"
]
},
{
"site": "quest",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "forum",
"roles": [
"administrator"
]
},
{
"site": "liveblog",
"roles": [
"author"
]
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Lesley McClurg | KQED",
"description": "KQED Health Correspondent",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/bab49e972ea10c774fe0f5e29dba1722b158f7c0d58a360923d1389d380b2978?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/lesleymcclurg"
},
"aahmed": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11428",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11428",
"found": true
},
"name": "Amel Ahmed",
"firstName": "Amel",
"lastName": "Ahmed",
"slug": "aahmed",
"email": "aahmed@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Amel Ahmed is a reporter for KQED. Prior to joining KQED, Amel worked at Al Jazeera America, Al Jazeera English, Democracy Now! and Punched Productions. She also helped produce \u003cem>Changing Face of Harlem\u003c/em>, a documentary that tracked gentrification in Harlem over a period of ten years. She is a 2013 graduate of Brooklyn Law School and is currently researching war on terror prosecutions for an upcoming book.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "amelscript",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "futureofyou",
"roles": []
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Amel Ahmed | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/c8b48ebc98e770640f3013c470d23f3e?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/aahmed"
},
"aheidt": {
"type": "authors",
"id": "11520",
"meta": {
"index": "authors_1716337520",
"id": "11520",
"found": true
},
"name": "Amanda Heidt",
"firstName": "Amanda",
"lastName": "Heidt",
"slug": "aheidt",
"email": "aheidt@kqed.org",
"display_author_email": false,
"staff_mastheads": [],
"title": "KQED Contributor",
"bio": "Amanda Heidt was the 2018 Dr. Allen Fuhs KQED-CSUMB Fellow at KQED Science. Amanda came to KQED from Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, where her masters research uses molecular techniques to describe communities of meiofauna, small invertebrates living between grains of sand. She has a background in education, outreach, and science communication, fostered by a recent position with the Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions. She has a BS in Marine Science and a minor in Chemistry from the University of California, Santa Cruz. Her interests include climbing, diving, camping, baking, and reading. Find her on Twitter and Instagram @Scatter_Cushion.",
"avatar": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e646090632bd7fef75fff4616269ff8c?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twitter": "Scatter_Cushion",
"facebook": null,
"instagram": null,
"linkedin": null,
"sites": [
{
"site": "news",
"roles": [
"subscriber"
]
},
{
"site": "science",
"roles": []
}
],
"headData": {
"title": "Amanda Heidt | KQED",
"description": "KQED Contributor",
"ogImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e646090632bd7fef75fff4616269ff8c?s=600&d=blank&r=g",
"twImgSrc": "https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/e646090632bd7fef75fff4616269ff8c?s=600&d=blank&r=g"
},
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/author/aheidt"
}
},
"pagesReducer": {
"science_category_animals": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2874",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2874",
"score": 12.286901
},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Animals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Animals Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2874,
"slug": "animals",
"isLoading": false,
"title": "Animals",
"pageMeta": {
"site": "science",
"WpPageTemplate": "page-topic-editorial",
"currentPage": 26
},
"blocks": [
{
"blockName": "kqed/post-list",
"attrs": {
"layout": "cardArticle2",
"query": "posts/science?category=animals",
"seeMore": false,
"paginated": true,
"page": 26
}
},
{
"blockName": "kqed/ad"
}
]
}
},
"pfsSessionReducer": {},
"postsReducer": {
"stream_live": {
"type": "live",
"id": "stream_live",
"audioUrl": "https://streams.kqed.org/kqedradio",
"title": "Live Stream",
"excerpt": "Live Stream information currently unavailable.",
"link": "/radio",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "KQED Live",
"link": "/"
}
},
"stream_kqedNewscast": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "stream_kqedNewscast",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/newscast.mp3?_=1",
"title": "KQED Newscast",
"featImg": "",
"label": {
"name": "88.5 FM",
"link": "/"
}
},
"science_1932901": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1932901",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932901",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1539901546000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1539901546,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Where Have All the Critters Gone? Blame Climate Change",
"headTitle": "Where Have All the Critters Gone? Blame Climate Change | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Insect populations in the tropics are facing a crisis as global warming drives up temperatures, causing a 98 percent decline in their numbers over the last four decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are the findings of a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/10/09/1722477115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study published\u003c/a> this week in the \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, \u003c/em>which suggests that climate change is disrupting the global ecosystem at an accelerating pace.[contextly_sidebar id=”9X7r6vwdGlQwE6EW5F7mPjMQyBkzzvYq”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worse, the study concludes that the problem is more widespread than scientists realized, with global warming triggering a “bottom-up” domino effect and resulting collapse of the forest food web, as insect-eating animals dwindle, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say the consequences of a collapsed food web would have serious ramifications for the future stability of tropical ecosystems, which house two-thirds of the Earth’s species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A disruption in the tropical food web would also have catastrophic repercussions for the global ecosystem, according to lead author Bradford Lister, a biologist at \u003ca href=\"https://www.rpi.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loss of species in tropical rainforests are a sign that increased temperatures have begun to take their toll on the local climate, according to Lister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He warns that eventually the world could see dramatic changes in rainfall if tropical rainforests are degraded and vegetation starts to collapse, which is possible since pollinators are already crashing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the global water cycle depends on plant life in these rainforests, which produce huge amounts of water that feed into rain flows carried by trade winds north and south of the equator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s happening all over the planet and once the pollinators crash, then the plants follow and you get accelerated extinction rates of a lot of animals and insects,” says Lister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climate Catastrophe Has Already Arrived\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lister points to the recent United Nations report on climate change to underscore the threat. The report lists 2040 as the year when the more severe impacts of global warming will start to unfold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[I]n Central and South America, you’re already seeing a 2 to 2.5 degree warming,” says Lister. “We don’t have to wait that long to see the impact of global warming. The damaging effects on the ecosystems that sustain us is already happening in tropical locations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the study, researchers focused on the Luquillo Rainforest in Puerto Rico and Chamela forest in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Puerto Rico, they compared data collected between 1976 and 2013, during which time the average temperature increased by two degrees Celsius (3.6 F).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Lister and his team returned to the island in 2013, he says he was \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2018/10/15/hyperalarming-study-shows-massive-insect-loss/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.92b5efdda92d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">surprised by how\u003c/a> much the situation had changed.[contextly_sidebar id=”mSktpCB1i441tT4oxSnPqod1JuM7uE3q”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers didn’t observe any butterflies during the first two days, a considerable change from the 1970s, when Lister says butterflies could be spotted all over the forest. Lister says he also also noticed fewer flying insects in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just based on casual observations of the forest, we knew something was amiss,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was also an obvious lack of birds that were once abundant such as the the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/10/09/1722477115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Puerto Rican tody, \u003c/a>which feeds almost exclusively on insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the data, Lister and his team collected insects using adhesive plates. They also swept the forest brush hundreds of times with nets, collecting any insects that passed through. They compared the results with previous measurements taken in the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that as temperatures increased,the biomass, or collective weight of insects declined by 98 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, researchers found that the biomass of insects captured by the adhesive traps declined 98 percent, while the net sweeps trapped between 12.5 and 25 percent of previous yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also discovered contemporaneous declines in the forest’s insect-eating populations such as lizards, frogs, and birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/10/09/1722477115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Puerto Rican tody \u003c/a>for example, diminished by 90 percent. The ten most common species living in the forest canopy also experienced declines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insect populations in western Mexico also saw declines of about 70 to 80 percent in biomass, while temperatures in this region climbed by 2.4 C (36.3°F) over the same period.[contextly_sidebar id=”1RyDiECBYd2XPdCCn5lKDTdBRjEj2VzP”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One expert called the findings “one of the most disturbing articles” he had ever head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study in PNAS is a real wake-up call — a clarion call — that the phenomenon could be much, much bigger, and across many more ecosystems,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2018/10/15/hyperalarming-study-shows-massive-insect-loss/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.92b5efdda92d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Wagner\u003c/a>, an expert in invertebrate conservation at the University of Connecticut, told the Washington Post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Global Trend\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings corroborate similar findings from previous studies showing that global bug populations are declining at an alarming rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Stanford study in 2014 \u003ca href=\"https://e360.yale.edu/features/insect_numbers_declining_why_it_matters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimated that\u003c/a> insect populations around the world declined by 45 percent in the last 35 years. Another study in 2017 showed a 76 percent decline in flying insects in \u003ca href=\"https://www.independent.co.uk/topic/Germany\">German\u003c/a> nature preserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers cite climate change as the cause of the dramatic declines based on a special statistical technique that allows scientists to single out specific variables — such as rainfall declines or increased temperatures — to determine their impact on the insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tool, according to Lister, pointed to higher temperatures as the culprit 90 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, almost all of the insects displayed the same proportion of declines, regardless of what species or forest niche they occupied. Lister says this indicates that an overarching force must be at play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His team plans on returning to these sites for newer measurements in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s with a lot of trepidation that I head back because it’s very disturbing to see what’s been going on in the last 30 to 40 years,” he says. “And if global temperatures keep increasing, the forests will eventually dry out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while rainforests harbor most of the world’s species, Lister says there have been few studies done on the impact of warming temperatures on tropical climates. He hopes his team’s work stimulates more research on this topic.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1040,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 37
},
"modified": 1704927374,
"excerpt": "Dramatic declines in insect populations are causing the rainforest's food web to collapse. A new study says the problem is worse than scientists previously thought.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Dramatic declines in insect populations are causing the rainforest's food web to collapse. A new study says the problem is worse than scientists previously thought.",
"title": "Where Have All the Critters Gone? Blame Climate Change | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Where Have All the Critters Gone? Blame Climate Change",
"datePublished": "2018-10-18T15:25:46-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:56:14-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "where-have-all-the-critters-gone-blame-climate-change",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Climate Change",
"path": "/science/1932901/where-have-all-the-critters-gone-blame-climate-change",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Insect populations in the tropics are facing a crisis as global warming drives up temperatures, causing a 98 percent decline in their numbers over the last four decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those are the findings of a new \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/10/09/1722477115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study published\u003c/a> this week in the \u003cem>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, \u003c/em>which suggests that climate change is disrupting the global ecosystem at an accelerating pace.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Worse, the study concludes that the problem is more widespread than scientists realized, with global warming triggering a “bottom-up” domino effect and resulting collapse of the forest food web, as insect-eating animals dwindle, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say the consequences of a collapsed food web would have serious ramifications for the future stability of tropical ecosystems, which house two-thirds of the Earth’s species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A disruption in the tropical food web would also have catastrophic repercussions for the global ecosystem, according to lead author Bradford Lister, a biologist at \u003ca href=\"https://www.rpi.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loss of species in tropical rainforests are a sign that increased temperatures have begun to take their toll on the local climate, according to Lister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He warns that eventually the world could see dramatic changes in rainfall if tropical rainforests are degraded and vegetation starts to collapse, which is possible since pollinators are already crashing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the global water cycle depends on plant life in these rainforests, which produce huge amounts of water that feed into rain flows carried by trade winds north and south of the equator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s happening all over the planet and once the pollinators crash, then the plants follow and you get accelerated extinction rates of a lot of animals and insects,” says Lister.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Climate Catastrophe Has Already Arrived\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lister points to the recent United Nations report on climate change to underscore the threat. The report lists 2040 as the year when the more severe impacts of global warming will start to unfold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[I]n Central and South America, you’re already seeing a 2 to 2.5 degree warming,” says Lister. “We don’t have to wait that long to see the impact of global warming. The damaging effects on the ecosystems that sustain us is already happening in tropical locations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the study, researchers focused on the Luquillo Rainforest in Puerto Rico and Chamela forest in Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Puerto Rico, they compared data collected between 1976 and 2013, during which time the average temperature increased by two degrees Celsius (3.6 F).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Lister and his team returned to the island in 2013, he says he was \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2018/10/15/hyperalarming-study-shows-massive-insect-loss/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.92b5efdda92d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">surprised by how\u003c/a> much the situation had changed.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers didn’t observe any butterflies during the first two days, a considerable change from the 1970s, when Lister says butterflies could be spotted all over the forest. Lister says he also also noticed fewer flying insects in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just based on casual observations of the forest, we knew something was amiss,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was also an obvious lack of birds that were once abundant such as the the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/10/09/1722477115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Puerto Rican tody, \u003c/a>which feeds almost exclusively on insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the data, Lister and his team collected insects using adhesive plates. They also swept the forest brush hundreds of times with nets, collecting any insects that passed through. They compared the results with previous measurements taken in the same way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They found that as temperatures increased,the biomass, or collective weight of insects declined by 98 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, researchers found that the biomass of insects captured by the adhesive traps declined 98 percent, while the net sweeps trapped between 12.5 and 25 percent of previous yields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also discovered contemporaneous declines in the forest’s insect-eating populations such as lizards, frogs, and birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2018/10/09/1722477115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Puerto Rican tody \u003c/a>for example, diminished by 90 percent. The ten most common species living in the forest canopy also experienced declines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Insect populations in western Mexico also saw declines of about 70 to 80 percent in biomass, while temperatures in this region climbed by 2.4 C (36.3°F) over the same period.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One expert called the findings “one of the most disturbing articles” he had ever head.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This study in PNAS is a real wake-up call — a clarion call — that the phenomenon could be much, much bigger, and across many more ecosystems,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2018/10/15/hyperalarming-study-shows-massive-insect-loss/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.92b5efdda92d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Wagner\u003c/a>, an expert in invertebrate conservation at the University of Connecticut, told the Washington Post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Global Trend\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings corroborate similar findings from previous studies showing that global bug populations are declining at an alarming rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Stanford study in 2014 \u003ca href=\"https://e360.yale.edu/features/insect_numbers_declining_why_it_matters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">estimated that\u003c/a> insect populations around the world declined by 45 percent in the last 35 years. Another study in 2017 showed a 76 percent decline in flying insects in \u003ca href=\"https://www.independent.co.uk/topic/Germany\">German\u003c/a> nature preserves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers cite climate change as the cause of the dramatic declines based on a special statistical technique that allows scientists to single out specific variables — such as rainfall declines or increased temperatures — to determine their impact on the insects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tool, according to Lister, pointed to higher temperatures as the culprit 90 percent of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, almost all of the insects displayed the same proportion of declines, regardless of what species or forest niche they occupied. Lister says this indicates that an overarching force must be at play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His team plans on returning to these sites for newer measurements in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s with a lot of trepidation that I head back because it’s very disturbing to see what’s been going on in the last 30 to 40 years,” he says. “And if global temperatures keep increasing, the forests will eventually dry out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while rainforests harbor most of the world’s species, Lister says there have been few studies done on the impact of warming temperatures on tropical climates. He hopes his team’s work stimulates more research on this topic.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1932901/where-have-all-the-critters-gone-blame-climate-change",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_1120",
"science_896",
"science_194",
"science_3370",
"science_157"
],
"featImg": "science_1933074",
"label": "source_science_1932901"
},
"science_1932993": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1932993",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932993",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1539739194000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1539739194,
"format": "audio",
"title": "California Sea Lion Population Hit Hard By Bacterial Outbreak",
"headTitle": "California Sea Lion Population Hit Hard By Bacterial Outbreak | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The California sea lion population has fallen prey to a devastating bacterial outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the second largest outbreak of leptospirosis on record, with at least 220 reported cases so far in 2018, according to the Sausalito-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>, which has been treating infected animals. [contextly_sidebar id=”AaMLyoDXqacO9PI6qQMywaF9TmbYhxJp”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of sea lions infected with the potentially fatal bacteria represents \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/about-us/News-Room/2018-news-archives/leptospirosis.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than half\u003c/a> of all sea lion rescued this year, according to the center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall West Coast sea lion population, which is larger than 250,000 animals and has tripled since the 1970s, is not in any danger. But the uptick in infections this year has left officials scratching their heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last several months, the center has treated about five sick sea lions per day, primarily off the northern California coast. The infection causes kidney disease and often, failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Infected mammals are typically found stranded on the beach, according to Dr. Shawn Johnson, director of veterinary science at the Marine Mammal Center. He says most of them are spotted curled up on the beach with their flippers tucked in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can tell they don’t feel well,” Johnson told KQED. “They tend to have very severe abdominal pain, they’re very dehydrated, they’re very lethargic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson says outbreaks seem to occur on a 4 to 5-year cycle. The last major event was in 2011, when nearly 200 infected sea lions were treated by the center’s hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of infections occur between July and November, according to the center, which has been tracking the disease for more than four decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932943\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932943\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-468189752-1-1020x679.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A stranded adult sea lion is seen in the sand in Laguna Beach, California, on March 30, 2015. The California sea lion population is experiencing the second largest outbreak of leptospirosis on record.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Animals diagnosed with leptospirosis are treated with antibiotics, fluids and gastroprotectants for any ulcers. About two-thirds of infected animals do not survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While scientists are unsure of what is driving the periodic outbreaks, UCLA researchers suspect that a combination of factors may be to blame, including changes in the animal’s immunity, sea surface temperatures and migration patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about the disease, MMC and UCLA researchers will work together to collect blood and urine samples from wild sea lions at Año Nuevo Island in Northern California. The animals are tagged and released once samples have been retrieved.[contextly_sidebar id=”AGZxmqJYLFxw5tXcaruqQNaCoFYxIiI3″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers will be looking at blood samples to find evidence of kidney disease and antibodies that indicate past exposure to leptospira. The urine samples tell scientists whether the animal is currently infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Infected sea lions usually show signs of the disease, including drinking water and folding the flippers over the abdomen, according to the center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marine mammals generally do not ingest water because they obtain all the fluid they need from other food sources. But when infected, the animals will drink water to compensate for failing kidneys that are no longer able to effectively filter toxins and regulate hydration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other animals, such as humans and dogs, can become infected with leptospira through contact with contaminated soil, urine, or water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can protect yourself and pets by keeping a safe distance from marine mammals of at least 50 feet. If you see a sick animal, report it to the center’s 24-hour hotline at 415-289-SEAL (7325).\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 584,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 19
},
"modified": 1704927387,
"excerpt": "Even most treated animals don't survive this mysterious marine pathogen.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Even most treated animals don't survive this mysterious marine pathogen.",
"title": "California Sea Lion Population Hit Hard By Bacterial Outbreak | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "California Sea Lion Population Hit Hard By Bacterial Outbreak",
"datePublished": "2018-10-16T18:19:54-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:56:27-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "california-sea-lion-population-hit-hard-by-bacterial-outbreak",
"status": "publish",
"audioUrl": "https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2018/10/McClurgSickSeaLions.mp3",
"sticky": false,
"audioTrackLength": 73,
"source": "Animals",
"path": "/science/1932993/california-sea-lion-population-hit-hard-by-bacterial-outbreak",
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California sea lion population has fallen prey to a devastating bacterial outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the second largest outbreak of leptospirosis on record, with at least 220 reported cases so far in 2018, according to the Sausalito-based \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marine Mammal Center\u003c/a>, which has been treating infected animals. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of sea lions infected with the potentially fatal bacteria represents \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/about-us/News-Room/2018-news-archives/leptospirosis.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">more than half\u003c/a> of all sea lion rescued this year, according to the center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overall West Coast sea lion population, which is larger than 250,000 animals and has tripled since the 1970s, is not in any danger. But the uptick in infections this year has left officials scratching their heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last several months, the center has treated about five sick sea lions per day, primarily off the northern California coast. The infection causes kidney disease and often, failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Infected mammals are typically found stranded on the beach, according to Dr. Shawn Johnson, director of veterinary science at the Marine Mammal Center. He says most of them are spotted curled up on the beach with their flippers tucked in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can tell they don’t feel well,” Johnson told KQED. “They tend to have very severe abdominal pain, they’re very dehydrated, they’re very lethargic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson says outbreaks seem to occur on a 4 to 5-year cycle. The last major event was in 2011, when nearly 200 infected sea lions were treated by the center’s hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority of infections occur between July and November, according to the center, which has been tracking the disease for more than four decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932943\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932943\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/GettyImages-468189752-1-1020x679.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A stranded adult sea lion is seen in the sand in Laguna Beach, California, on March 30, 2015. The California sea lion population is experiencing the second largest outbreak of leptospirosis on record.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Animals diagnosed with leptospirosis are treated with antibiotics, fluids and gastroprotectants for any ulcers. About two-thirds of infected animals do not survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While scientists are unsure of what is driving the periodic outbreaks, UCLA researchers suspect that a combination of factors may be to blame, including changes in the animal’s immunity, sea surface temperatures and migration patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To learn more about the disease, MMC and UCLA researchers will work together to collect blood and urine samples from wild sea lions at Año Nuevo Island in Northern California. The animals are tagged and released once samples have been retrieved.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers will be looking at blood samples to find evidence of kidney disease and antibodies that indicate past exposure to leptospira. The urine samples tell scientists whether the animal is currently infected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Infected sea lions usually show signs of the disease, including drinking water and folding the flippers over the abdomen, according to the center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marine mammals generally do not ingest water because they obtain all the fluid they need from other food sources. But when infected, the animals will drink water to compensate for failing kidneys that are no longer able to effectively filter toxins and regulate hydration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other animals, such as humans and dogs, can become infected with leptospira through contact with contaminated soil, urine, or water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can protect yourself and pets by keeping a safe distance from marine mammals of at least 50 feet. If you see a sick animal, report it to the center’s 24-hour hotline at 415-289-SEAL (7325).\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1932993/california-sea-lion-population-hit-hard-by-bacterial-outbreak",
"authors": [
"11428",
"11229"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_35",
"science_39"
],
"tags": [
"science_664",
"science_192",
"science_1396"
],
"label": "source_science_1932993"
},
"science_1932591": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1932591",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932591",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1539185141000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {
"site": "science"
},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1539185141,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Giraffes Inherit Spot Patterns From Their Mamas, Study Says",
"headTitle": "Giraffes Inherit Spot Patterns From Their Mamas, Study Says | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>The mottled spots giraffes are known for aren’t random, according to a new study that suggests the patterns are inherited maternally — and that they may impact the chances of a calf surviving its first few months of life.[contextly_sidebar id=”0MiYKhblKxNoVEDUjyjx4Wb1Fi1GVN65″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roundness and smoothness of a giraffe’s spots are inherited through its mother, wildlife biology researchers \u003ca href=\"https://peerj.com/articles/5690/\">reported in the academic journal PeerJ\u003c/a> last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giraffe coat markings are more complex and variable than the eye suggests: The researchers studied 11 spot attributes in total. The researchers did not document any mother-offspring similarity between the number of spots and their area and perimeter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study has produced the first data of its kind. Scientists have previously hypothesized that variation in spot patterns may camouflage newborns against predators, and that the animals’ spots are conferred at random. One prominent biologist, Anne Dagg, described similarities between parents and offspring in a zoo population in 1968, but analysis and objective measurements of spot characteristics were lacking in wild giraffes until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research was borne out of curiosity for a definitive answer. “We were inspired by so many people’s natural curiosity about giraffe spots and where the patterns come from. It was a consistent theme of question we heard when talking about giraffes,” Derek Lee, principal scientist at the Wild Nature Institute and one of the authors of the study, told NPR. “We began looking for answers in the literature and found nobody had measured complex mammal coat patterns like spots.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee and his team conducted their study by using image analysis software to determine the similarity of spot traits between wild Masai mother giraffes and their offspring in Tanzania, where the animals exist free and unfenced across vast landscapes. Over the course of four years, the scientists photographed the coats of 31 sets of mother-calf pairs. They found that some characteristics, like roundness and smoothness, were strongly linked between mother and offspring, and likely to be heritable.[contextly_sidebar id=”oi3a94MN6YmbXUQtGf35Llci0ddLYd5h”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers also examined how well a calf’s spots protected them from predators by allowing them to blend in with their wildlife surroundings. They photographed the same 258 juveniles six times a year for four years, noting when certain juveniles dropped off their radar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team then ran that data through statistical analyses to estimate the likelihood of survival within the group. Calves with larger spots and irregularly shaped spots were more likely to survive their first few months of life, according to their findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This increased survival could reflect better camouflage of these young giraffes, but it also could be related to other survival-enhancing factors, such as temperature regulation or visual communication,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/10/181002082420.htm\">a press release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee adds that other variables like good genes and maternal investment may also be correlated with spot traits. “Other alternative functions of the spots also could be under natural selection at different periods in a giraffe’s lifetime such as temperature regulation or visual signalling to identify individuals and kin,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team hopes their findings will inform further investigations into the “developmental and genetic architecture of complex mammal coat patterns and their adaptive value,” as the study’s conclusion says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Giraffes+Inherit+Spot+Patterns+From+Their+Mamas%2C+Study+Says&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 569,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 13
},
"modified": 1704927411,
"excerpt": "Scientists have previously hypothesized that spots are conferred at random, or that they are influenced by environmental factors.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Scientists have previously hypothesized that spots are conferred at random, or that they are influenced by environmental factors.",
"title": "Giraffes Inherit Spot Patterns From Their Mamas, Study Says | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Giraffes Inherit Spot Patterns From Their Mamas, Study Says",
"datePublished": "2018-10-10T08:25:41-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:56:51-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "giraffes-inherit-spot-patterns-from-their-mamas-study-says",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=656079752&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Emily Sullivan, NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Wed, 10 Oct 2018 05:02:00 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Wed, 10 Oct 2018 06:59:48 -0400",
"sticky": false,
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/2018/10/10/656079752/with-1-million-exxon-mobil-corp-helps-fund-carbon-tax-campaign?ft=nprml&f=656079752",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/10/20181010_me_exxon_mobil_funds_carbon_tax_campaign.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1006&d=200&p=3&story=656079752&ft=nprml&f=656079752",
"audioTrackLength": 201,
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1656079753-cae164.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1006&d=200&p=3&story=656079752&ft=nprml&f=656079752",
"nprStoryId": "656079752",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Wed, 10 Oct 2018 07:37:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/1932591/giraffes-inherit-spot-patterns-from-their-mamas-study-says",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/me/2018/10/20181010_me_exxon_mobil_funds_carbon_tax_campaign.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1006&d=200&p=3&story=656079752&ft=nprml&f=656079752",
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The mottled spots giraffes are known for aren’t random, according to a new study that suggests the patterns are inherited maternally — and that they may impact the chances of a calf surviving its first few months of life.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The roundness and smoothness of a giraffe’s spots are inherited through its mother, wildlife biology researchers \u003ca href=\"https://peerj.com/articles/5690/\">reported in the academic journal PeerJ\u003c/a> last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giraffe coat markings are more complex and variable than the eye suggests: The researchers studied 11 spot attributes in total. The researchers did not document any mother-offspring similarity between the number of spots and their area and perimeter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study has produced the first data of its kind. Scientists have previously hypothesized that variation in spot patterns may camouflage newborns against predators, and that the animals’ spots are conferred at random. One prominent biologist, Anne Dagg, described similarities between parents and offspring in a zoo population in 1968, but analysis and objective measurements of spot characteristics were lacking in wild giraffes until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The research was borne out of curiosity for a definitive answer. “We were inspired by so many people’s natural curiosity about giraffe spots and where the patterns come from. It was a consistent theme of question we heard when talking about giraffes,” Derek Lee, principal scientist at the Wild Nature Institute and one of the authors of the study, told NPR. “We began looking for answers in the literature and found nobody had measured complex mammal coat patterns like spots.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee and his team conducted their study by using image analysis software to determine the similarity of spot traits between wild Masai mother giraffes and their offspring in Tanzania, where the animals exist free and unfenced across vast landscapes. Over the course of four years, the scientists photographed the coats of 31 sets of mother-calf pairs. They found that some characteristics, like roundness and smoothness, were strongly linked between mother and offspring, and likely to be heritable.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers also examined how well a calf’s spots protected them from predators by allowing them to blend in with their wildlife surroundings. They photographed the same 258 juveniles six times a year for four years, noting when certain juveniles dropped off their radar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team then ran that data through statistical analyses to estimate the likelihood of survival within the group. Calves with larger spots and irregularly shaped spots were more likely to survive their first few months of life, according to their findings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This increased survival could reflect better camouflage of these young giraffes, but it also could be related to other survival-enhancing factors, such as temperature regulation or visual communication,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/10/181002082420.htm\">a press release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lee adds that other variables like good genes and maternal investment may also be correlated with spot traits. “Other alternative functions of the spots also could be under natural selection at different periods in a giraffe’s lifetime such as temperature regulation or visual signalling to identify individuals and kin,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team hopes their findings will inform further investigations into the “developmental and genetic architecture of complex mammal coat patterns and their adaptive value,” as the study’s conclusion says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Giraffes+Inherit+Spot+Patterns+From+Their+Mamas%2C+Study+Says&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1932591/giraffes-inherit-spot-patterns-from-their-mamas-study-says",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1932591"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_1120",
"science_192"
],
"featImg": "science_1932594",
"label": "science"
},
"science_1932072": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1932072",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932072",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1539090033000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "a-sand-dollars-breakfast-is-totally-metal",
"title": "A Sand Dollar's Breakfast Is Totally Metal",
"publishDate": 1539090033,
"format": "video",
"headTitle": "A Sand Dollar’s Breakfast Is Totally Metal | KQED",
"labelTerm": {
"term": 1935,
"site": "science"
},
"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]Pristine white sand dollars have long been the souvenir to commemorate a successful day at the beach. But most people who pick them up don’t realize that they’ve collected the skeleton of an animal, washed up at the end of a long life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turns out, scientists say there’s a lot to be said about a sand dollar’s life. That skeleton — also known as a test — is really a tool, a remarkable feat of engineering that allows sand dollars to thrive on the shifting bottom of the sandy seafloor, an environment that most other sea creatures find inhospitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve done something really amazing and different,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/rich-mooi\">Rich Mooi\u003c/a>, a researcher with the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. “They’re a pile of novelties, and they’ve gone way off the deep end in modifying their bodies to adapt to where they live.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932171\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_sea_urchin_side_view.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1932171\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_sea_urchin_side_view.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pacific sand dollars use the long spines around their edge and underside to crawl along sandy seafloors. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mooi studies \u003ca href=\"https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Echinodermata/\">echinoderms\u003c/a>, a word that roughly translates to “hedgehog skin.” It’s an aptly fitting name for a group that includes sea urchins, sand dollars, sea stars and sea cucumbers. But Mooi said sand dollars really have his heart, in part because of their incredible adaptations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sand dollars are actually a type of sea urchin, one that struck off on its own in an evolutionary pilgrimage to take advantage of a new environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This connection is more obvious when looking at a common feature of the group: symmetry in multiples of five. Starfish have five arms, for example, while the test of a sea urchin is divided into 10 plates: five with tube feet and five with spines. Similarly, a sand dollar has five “petals” that house its specialized breathing tube feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932175\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1932175 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The skeletons of sand dollars and their relatives, like starfish and sea urchins, show the five-point symmetry that they share. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most sand dollars are solitary and small (up to 3 inches) and can be found along the world’s shorelines to as deep as 130 feet. Researchers are unsure how long they live, with typical estimates ranging from six to 10 years. But recent work on their sea urchin cousins, which traditionally were thought to have a similar life span, suggests they may be among the world’s oldest animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shuffling slowly across the bottom on stiltlike spines, they pick up sand to pass along special feeding grooves, bucket-brigade style, to a mouth on the underside of the disk. The sand dollar’s mouth has a jaw with five teethlike sections, which are the origin of the “doves” in the familiar postcard \u003ca href=\"https://www.traditioninaction.org/religious/f024_SandDollar.htm\">poem\u003c/a> “The Legend of the Sand Dollar.” They use these teeth to grind up sand, but it’s really the coating of microscopic algae and bacteria on each grain that they’re after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sand dollars are dealing with microscopic things, individual sand grains,” Mooi said. “So their whole body system is adapted to being able to handle small particles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you picture a sea urchin, you might think of their long, pointy spines and their strong, suctioning tube feet. These are great tools for wedging into crevices and gripping rocks to avoid sudden waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932177\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_sea_urchin.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1932177\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_sea_urchin.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Compared to most sea urchins, sand dollars appear flatter, with smaller spines \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But on sand, where the very ground is in constant motion, the strategy is to minimize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you pick up any sand dollar and observe it edge-on, it looks like an airplane wing alive with a flurry of activity: tiny spines, tube feet and miniature pincers called pedicellariae that carry out various tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or perhaps, said Mooi, a bicycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you imagine yourself riding into the wind on a bicycle, you find yourself hunching over to get down out of the wind,” he said. “You’re trying to minimize drag. That’s what sand dollars have done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And similar to a spoiler on a car, many species have specialized holes in their skeletons known as lunules, which help equalize pressure as water flows over them to greatly reduce lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932179\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1932179 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some sand dollar species have holes called lunules to help keep them from being swept away by rushing currents in the ocean. The skeletons of these Rotula deciesdigitatus are part of Rich Mooi’s collection at the California Academy of Sciences. \u003ccite>(Amanda Heidt/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s the same reason that bombers during World War II couldn’t fly as well when they had holes punched through the wings,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One species on the West Coast of California has taken its body modifications a step beyond. Mooi described the eccentric sand dollar (Dendraster excentricus) as “a weirdo on the West Coast. We like to do things differently here, and sand dollars are no exception.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While sand dollars are usually solitary, these dollars group together in dense purple fields of up to 625 individuals per square yard. Larvae in the water use chemical cues from adults to indicate that they’re in a good place to settle out of the plankton and grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they grow, they develop off-center, with the gills, feeding grooves, reproductive structures, mouth and anus offset to one side of the body. This pattern of development is known as eccentricity, and this is how they get their name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they are large enough to begin feeding, eccentric sand dollars align themselves parallel to the current and tip up on their edges, anchoring one end in the sand while the other sticks into the streaming waters above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put it bluntly, “they’ve got their little butts in the air,” Mooi said with a chuckle. “It’s quite brilliant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason: They’re filtering feeders. While most sand dollars move along the bottom, grinding up sand to eat the rich microbial organisms adhered onto them, eccentric sand dollars pluck tasty plankton morsels straight from the current by turning on-end. They’re the only sand dollar species known to feed in this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932182\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_zoom_in_on_spines.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1932182\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_zoom_in_on_spines.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of Pacific sand dollars stand up in the current. They use their spines, tube feet and pedicellariae to catch plankton out of the water. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They’re very hydrodynamically attuned animals,” Mooi said, “and they have this ability to exploit current flows.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another compelling trick: While older sand dollars are heavy enough to keep themselves firmly on the bottom, younger dollars have crafted something that may be familiar to any scuba diver or spear fisherman. They use a weight belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sand is made up of small bits of rock and debris. The rocks along the coast determine which minerals will be present in the sand. Magnetite is one such mineral, an iron-rich deposit named for its magnetic properties. In sand, it is often seen as very small, slightly shiny black specks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932189\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_magnetite.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1932189 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_magnetite.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As they grow, young sand dollars consume particles of an iron ore called magnetite that they store in their bodies, making them heavier and reducing their buoyancy. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Young sand dollars can pick small grains of magnetite from the surrounding sand and store them in specialized chambers of their gut called diverticula. When X-rayed, the magnetite appears as bright patches. They help weigh down the younger dollars, keeping them grounded until they bulk up as adults so they don’t wash away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932192\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">X-ray images of sand dollars show deposits of magnetite inside, seen here in white. \u003ccite>(Rich Mooi/ California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://invertebrates.si.edu/mah.htm\">Chris Mah\u003c/a>, a researcher with the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., these kinds of behaviors are an elegant example of how evolution can drive species to perfectly adapt to any habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With sand dollars, there’s so much of the story of their adaptation to sandy environments that makes sense,” he said, “and it’s hard not to appreciate how lovely they are when they’re arranged in such an ordered, but aesthetically wondrous, pattern.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "Their skeletons are prized by beachcombers, but sand dollars look way different in their lives beneath the waves. Covered in thousands of purple spines, they have a bizarre diet that helps them exploit the turbulent waters of the sandy seafloor. ",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1738968968,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 30,
"wordCount": 1403
},
"headData": {
"title": "A Sand Dollar's Breakfast Is Totally Metal | KQED",
"description": "Their skeletons are prized by beachcombers, but sand dollars look way different in their lives beneath the waves. Covered in thousands of purple spines, they have a bizarre diet that helps them exploit the turbulent waters of the sandy seafloor. ",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "A Sand Dollar's Breakfast Is Totally Metal",
"datePublished": "2018-10-09T06:00:33-07:00",
"dateModified": "2025-02-07T14:56:08-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"videoEmbed": "https://youtu.be/dxZdBPDNiF4",
"pbsMediaId": "3018195942",
"sticky": false,
"nprStoryId": "kqed-1932072",
"excludeFromSiteSearch": "Include",
"articleAge": "0",
"path": "/science/1932072/a-sand-dollars-breakfast-is-totally-metal",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "dl_subscribe",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": ""
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Pristine white sand dollars have long been the souvenir to commemorate a successful day at the beach. But most people who pick them up don’t realize that they’ve collected the skeleton of an animal, washed up at the end of a long life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turns out, scientists say there’s a lot to be said about a sand dollar’s life. That skeleton — also known as a test — is really a tool, a remarkable feat of engineering that allows sand dollars to thrive on the shifting bottom of the sandy seafloor, an environment that most other sea creatures find inhospitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve done something really amazing and different,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.calacademy.org/explore-science/rich-mooi\">Rich Mooi\u003c/a>, a researcher with the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco. “They’re a pile of novelties, and they’ve gone way off the deep end in modifying their bodies to adapt to where they live.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932171\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_sea_urchin_side_view.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1932171\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_sea_urchin_side_view.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pacific sand dollars use the long spines around their edge and underside to crawl along sandy seafloors. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mooi studies \u003ca href=\"https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Echinodermata/\">echinoderms\u003c/a>, a word that roughly translates to “hedgehog skin.” It’s an aptly fitting name for a group that includes sea urchins, sand dollars, sea stars and sea cucumbers. But Mooi said sand dollars really have his heart, in part because of their incredible adaptations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sand dollars are actually a type of sea urchin, one that struck off on its own in an evolutionary pilgrimage to take advantage of a new environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This connection is more obvious when looking at a common feature of the group: symmetry in multiples of five. Starfish have five arms, for example, while the test of a sea urchin is divided into 10 plates: five with tube feet and five with spines. Similarly, a sand dollar has five “petals” that house its specialized breathing tube feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932175\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1932175 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Starfish_Sea_Urchin_5_point_symmetry_comparison-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The skeletons of sand dollars and their relatives, like starfish and sea urchins, show the five-point symmetry that they share. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most sand dollars are solitary and small (up to 3 inches) and can be found along the world’s shorelines to as deep as 130 feet. Researchers are unsure how long they live, with typical estimates ranging from six to 10 years. But recent work on their sea urchin cousins, which traditionally were thought to have a similar life span, suggests they may be among the world’s oldest animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shuffling slowly across the bottom on stiltlike spines, they pick up sand to pass along special feeding grooves, bucket-brigade style, to a mouth on the underside of the disk. The sand dollar’s mouth has a jaw with five teethlike sections, which are the origin of the “doves” in the familiar postcard \u003ca href=\"https://www.traditioninaction.org/religious/f024_SandDollar.htm\">poem\u003c/a> “The Legend of the Sand Dollar.” They use these teeth to grind up sand, but it’s really the coating of microscopic algae and bacteria on each grain that they’re after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sand dollars are dealing with microscopic things, individual sand grains,” Mooi said. “So their whole body system is adapted to being able to handle small particles.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you picture a sea urchin, you might think of their long, pointy spines and their strong, suctioning tube feet. These are great tools for wedging into crevices and gripping rocks to avoid sudden waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932177\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_sea_urchin.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1932177\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_sea_urchin.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Compared to most sea urchins, sand dollars appear flatter, with smaller spines \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But on sand, where the very ground is in constant motion, the strategy is to minimize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you pick up any sand dollar and observe it edge-on, it looks like an airplane wing alive with a flurry of activity: tiny spines, tube feet and miniature pincers called pedicellariae that carry out various tasks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or perhaps, said Mooi, a bicycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you imagine yourself riding into the wind on a bicycle, you find yourself hunching over to get down out of the wind,” he said. “You’re trying to minimize drag. That’s what sand dollars have done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And similar to a spoiler on a car, many species have specialized holes in their skeletons known as lunules, which help equalize pressure as water flows over them to greatly reduce lift.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932179\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1932179 size-large\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-768x1024.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_-Rotula_deciesdigitatus-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Some sand dollar species have holes called lunules to help keep them from being swept away by rushing currents in the ocean. The skeletons of these Rotula deciesdigitatus are part of Rich Mooi’s collection at the California Academy of Sciences. \u003ccite>(Amanda Heidt/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“It’s the same reason that bombers during World War II couldn’t fly as well when they had holes punched through the wings,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One species on the West Coast of California has taken its body modifications a step beyond. Mooi described the eccentric sand dollar (Dendraster excentricus) as “a weirdo on the West Coast. We like to do things differently here, and sand dollars are no exception.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While sand dollars are usually solitary, these dollars group together in dense purple fields of up to 625 individuals per square yard. Larvae in the water use chemical cues from adults to indicate that they’re in a good place to settle out of the plankton and grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As they grow, they develop off-center, with the gills, feeding grooves, reproductive structures, mouth and anus offset to one side of the body. This pattern of development is known as eccentricity, and this is how they get their name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they are large enough to begin feeding, eccentric sand dollars align themselves parallel to the current and tip up on their edges, anchoring one end in the sand while the other sticks into the streaming waters above.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put it bluntly, “they’ve got their little butts in the air,” Mooi said with a chuckle. “It’s quite brilliant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason: They’re filtering feeders. While most sand dollars move along the bottom, grinding up sand to eat the rich microbial organisms adhered onto them, eccentric sand dollars pluck tasty plankton morsels straight from the current by turning on-end. They’re the only sand dollar species known to feed in this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932182\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_zoom_in_on_spines.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1932182\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_zoom_in_on_spines.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A group of Pacific sand dollars stand up in the current. They use their spines, tube feet and pedicellariae to catch plankton out of the water. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They’re very hydrodynamically attuned animals,” Mooi said, “and they have this ability to exploit current flows.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another compelling trick: While older sand dollars are heavy enough to keep themselves firmly on the bottom, younger dollars have crafted something that may be familiar to any scuba diver or spear fisherman. They use a weight belt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sand is made up of small bits of rock and debris. The rocks along the coast determine which minerals will be present in the sand. Magnetite is one such mineral, an iron-rich deposit named for its magnetic properties. In sand, it is often seen as very small, slightly shiny black specks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932189\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 500px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_magnetite.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1932189 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_magnetite.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">As they grow, young sand dollars consume particles of an iron ore called magnetite that they store in their bodies, making them heavier and reducing their buoyancy. \u003ccite>(Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Young sand dollars can pick small grains of magnetite from the surrounding sand and store them in specialized chambers of their gut called diverticula. When X-rayed, the magnetite appears as bright patches. They help weigh down the younger dollars, keeping them grounded until they bulk up as adults so they don’t wash away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1932192\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1932192\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-1020x574.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/10/DL518_Sand_Dollars_Xray_group_showing_magnetite_deposites_in_white-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">X-ray images of sand dollars show deposits of magnetite inside, seen here in white. \u003ccite>(Rich Mooi/ California Academy of Sciences)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"http://invertebrates.si.edu/mah.htm\">Chris Mah\u003c/a>, a researcher with the Smithsonian Institution’s National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., these kinds of behaviors are an elegant example of how evolution can drive species to perfectly adapt to any habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With sand dollars, there’s so much of the story of their adaptation to sandy environments that makes sense,” he said, “and it’s hard not to appreciate how lovely they are when they’re arranged in such an ordered, but aesthetically wondrous, pattern.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1932072/a-sand-dollars-breakfast-is-totally-metal",
"authors": [
"11520"
],
"series": [
"science_1935"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_2873",
"science_86"
],
"featImg": "science_1932377",
"label": "science_1935"
},
"science_1932298": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1932298",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932298",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1538663787000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1538663787,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Odd-Looking Razorback Sucker Fish Pulled Back from Extinction",
"headTitle": "Odd-Looking Razorback Sucker Fish Pulled Back from Extinction | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Another rare Colorado River fish has been pulled back from the brink of extinction, the second comeback this year for a species unique to the Southwestern U.S.[contextly_sidebar id=”BYI9mWuVpb9QTHKLbJd6ZDj5GWZscFJ4″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service plans to announce Thursday that it will recommend reclassifying the ancient and odd-looking razorback sucker from endangered to threatened, meaning it is still at risk of extinction, but the danger is no longer immediate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press was briefed on the plans before the official announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of razorbacks once thrived in the Colorado River and its tributaries, which flow across seven states and Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the 1980s they had dwindled to about 100. Researchers blame non-native predator fish that attacked and ate the razorbacks and dams that disrupted their habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their numbers have bounced back to between 54,000 and 59,000 today, thanks to a multimillion-dollar effort that enlisted the help of hatcheries, dam operators, landowners, native American tribes and state and federal agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a work in progress,” said Tom Chart, director of the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program. “We get more fish out in the system, they’re showing up in more places, they’re spawning in more locations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chart’s program oversees the campaign to restore the razorback sucker and three other fish, all of them found only in the Colorado River system.[contextly_sidebar id=”y18ri0i7YRNusM4MaupD0rRK3ptnsRkv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, the Fish and Wildlife Service recommended changing the humpback chub from endangered to threatened. It takes 18 to 24 months to complete the process, including a public comment period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The razorback sucker’s name comes from a sharp-edge, keel-like ridge along its back behind its head. Chart thinks the ridge may have evolved to help the fish stay stable in the turbulent waters of the Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can grow up to 3 feet (1 meter) long and live up to 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Razorbacks have been around for between 3 million and 5 million years, but trouble arrived as the population expanded in the Southwest. State and federal agencies began introducing game fish into the Colorado without realizing they would devour the native fish, Chart said. A spurt of dam-building was a boon to cities and farms but interrupted the natural springtime surge of melting snow, which in turn shrank the floodplains that provided a safe nursery for young razorbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dams also made parts of the rivers too cold for razorbacks, because they release water from the chilly depths of reservoirs. And they blocked the natural migration of the fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the late 1980s, most of the wild razorbacks were old, an ominous sign they were no longer reproducing, Chart said. The Fish and Wildlife Service began capturing the remaining wild razorbacks and moving them to hatcheries to begin rebuilding the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency designated razorbacks an endangered species in 1991, although Utah and Colorado enacted state protections earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists began restocking rivers with hatchery-raised razorbacks in 1995. Now, about 55,000 are released into the Colorado and its tributaries annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fish and Wildlife Service began working with dam operators to time water releases to help razorbacks spawn and restore flood plains for them to mature. Some dams were modified to help razorbacks to get by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife officials began reining in non-native predator fish with nets and screens to keep them from escaping reservoirs, or removing them by electrofishing — stunning them with electricity and euthanizing them with an overdose of anesthetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changing the fish from endangered to threatened will allow more flexibility in the way it is protected, said Kevin McAbee, deputy director of the recovery program.[contextly_sidebar id=”voKJy4Iqh39xrCR8R6NvLg6qjH81F3ZC”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under endangered status, individual fish have to be protected, but threatened status means biologists can take steps to improve the overall population even if some fish might be hurt, McAbee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Razorbacks still face challenges. The first-year survival rate of hatchery fish, each roughly 14 inches (36 centimeters) long, is about 20 percent or less in the wild, Chart said. It climbs to 80 percent after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drought, climate change and increasing human demand are straining the rivers, which makes it harder for fish to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McAbee said the Fish and Wildlife Service took the river’s uncertain future into account before recommending the change for the razorbacks. Their long lifespan helps them endure low-water years when few young fish survive, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooperation among water users in 2018, a year of devastating drought in much of the Southwest, shows the razorbacks’ needs can be accommodated, McAbee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things could have been catastrophic,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor McKinnon of the Center for Biological Diversity is doubtful about how healthy the razorbacks really are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government’s reliance on hatcheries to boost the population shows they are not self-sustaining, he said, and he worries about their future in the overtaxed Colorado River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the elephant in the room right now with regard to recovery is climate change and river flows and regional aridification,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re skeptical of the merits of this,” McKinnon said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 879,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 31
},
"modified": 1704927429,
"excerpt": "Drought, climate change and increasing human demand are straining the rivers, which makes it harder for fish to survive.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Drought, climate change and increasing human demand are straining the rivers, which makes it harder for fish to survive.",
"title": "Odd-Looking Razorback Sucker Fish Pulled Back from Extinction | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Odd-Looking Razorback Sucker Fish Pulled Back from Extinction",
"datePublished": "2018-10-04T07:36:27-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:57:09-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "odd-looking-razorback-sucker-fish-pulled-back-from-extinction",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Dan Elliot\u003cbr />The Associated Press",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Animals",
"path": "/science/1932298/odd-looking-razorback-sucker-fish-pulled-back-from-extinction",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Another rare Colorado River fish has been pulled back from the brink of extinction, the second comeback this year for a species unique to the Southwestern U.S.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service plans to announce Thursday that it will recommend reclassifying the ancient and odd-looking razorback sucker from endangered to threatened, meaning it is still at risk of extinction, but the danger is no longer immediate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Associated Press was briefed on the plans before the official announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of razorbacks once thrived in the Colorado River and its tributaries, which flow across seven states and Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the 1980s they had dwindled to about 100. Researchers blame non-native predator fish that attacked and ate the razorbacks and dams that disrupted their habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their numbers have bounced back to between 54,000 and 59,000 today, thanks to a multimillion-dollar effort that enlisted the help of hatcheries, dam operators, landowners, native American tribes and state and federal agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a work in progress,” said Tom Chart, director of the Upper Colorado River Endangered Fish Recovery Program. “We get more fish out in the system, they’re showing up in more places, they’re spawning in more locations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chart’s program oversees the campaign to restore the razorback sucker and three other fish, all of them found only in the Colorado River system.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In March, the Fish and Wildlife Service recommended changing the humpback chub from endangered to threatened. It takes 18 to 24 months to complete the process, including a public comment period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The razorback sucker’s name comes from a sharp-edge, keel-like ridge along its back behind its head. Chart thinks the ridge may have evolved to help the fish stay stable in the turbulent waters of the Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can grow up to 3 feet (1 meter) long and live up to 40 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Razorbacks have been around for between 3 million and 5 million years, but trouble arrived as the population expanded in the Southwest. State and federal agencies began introducing game fish into the Colorado without realizing they would devour the native fish, Chart said. A spurt of dam-building was a boon to cities and farms but interrupted the natural springtime surge of melting snow, which in turn shrank the floodplains that provided a safe nursery for young razorbacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dams also made parts of the rivers too cold for razorbacks, because they release water from the chilly depths of reservoirs. And they blocked the natural migration of the fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the late 1980s, most of the wild razorbacks were old, an ominous sign they were no longer reproducing, Chart said. The Fish and Wildlife Service began capturing the remaining wild razorbacks and moving them to hatcheries to begin rebuilding the population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency designated razorbacks an endangered species in 1991, although Utah and Colorado enacted state protections earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists began restocking rivers with hatchery-raised razorbacks in 1995. Now, about 55,000 are released into the Colorado and its tributaries annually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fish and Wildlife Service began working with dam operators to time water releases to help razorbacks spawn and restore flood plains for them to mature. Some dams were modified to help razorbacks to get by.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife officials began reining in non-native predator fish with nets and screens to keep them from escaping reservoirs, or removing them by electrofishing — stunning them with electricity and euthanizing them with an overdose of anesthetic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changing the fish from endangered to threatened will allow more flexibility in the way it is protected, said Kevin McAbee, deputy director of the recovery program.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under endangered status, individual fish have to be protected, but threatened status means biologists can take steps to improve the overall population even if some fish might be hurt, McAbee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Razorbacks still face challenges. The first-year survival rate of hatchery fish, each roughly 14 inches (36 centimeters) long, is about 20 percent or less in the wild, Chart said. It climbs to 80 percent after that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drought, climate change and increasing human demand are straining the rivers, which makes it harder for fish to survive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McAbee said the Fish and Wildlife Service took the river’s uncertain future into account before recommending the change for the razorbacks. Their long lifespan helps them endure low-water years when few young fish survive, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooperation among water users in 2018, a year of devastating drought in much of the Southwest, shows the razorbacks’ needs can be accommodated, McAbee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things could have been catastrophic,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor McKinnon of the Center for Biological Diversity is doubtful about how healthy the razorbacks really are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government’s reliance on hatcheries to boost the population shows they are not self-sustaining, he said, and he worries about their future in the overtaxed Colorado River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the elephant in the room right now with regard to recovery is climate change and river flows and regional aridification,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re skeptical of the merits of this,” McKinnon said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1932298/odd-looking-razorback-sucker-fish-pulled-back-from-extinction",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1932298"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_35"
],
"tags": [
"science_1120",
"science_261",
"science_192",
"science_248"
],
"featImg": "science_1932303",
"label": "source_science_1932298"
},
"science_1932026": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1932026",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1932026",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1538409624000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1538409624,
"format": "aside",
"title": "WATCH: 'Extremely Rare' 2-Headed Snake Shocks Scientists",
"headTitle": "WATCH: ‘Extremely Rare’ 2-Headed Snake Shocks Scientists | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=21&v=vQ1jnbIX8wA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The venomous fangs of a copperhead snake are one thing. But the recent sighting of a rare two-headed snake in Northern Virginia is alarming — and mesmerizing — both social media spectators and scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, a Woodbridge resident stumbled upon the young mutant reptile in a neighbor’s yard. “I wanted to look away but couldn’t stop looking at it. Plays trick[s] on the eyes,” Stephanie Myers told \u003cem>USA Today\u003c/em> after finding the snake and posting photos of it to \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10100971479165557&set=a.10100533113229407&type=3&theater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">her Facebook page\u003c/a>.[contextly_sidebar id=”If7PKb89y3ARuZNKnaBQ9zxwvHMQTfNG”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s even more exceptional is that the snake was discovered alive, according to state herpetologist J.D. Kleopfer, a reptiles and amphibians specialist at the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two-headed copperhead snakes are “extremely rare” to find in the wild, Kleopfer told NPR’s Scott Simon on \u003cem>Weekend Edition \u003c/em>Saturday. Their competing heads often contribute to their short life span. “They can’t coordinate escaping from predators and they can’t coordinate capturing foods, so they tend to not live,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, the rest of the baby viper’s anatomy is shared, Kleopfer says, which means that “both heads are getting the nutrition they need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a news release, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlifecenter.org/news_events/news/two-headed-copperhead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wildlife Center of Virginia says \u003c/a>Kleopfer brought the snake to the hospital on Sept. 20 for an examination. X-rays revealed that one head has a more developed esophagus, Kleopfer says, while the other has a more developed throat. “Based on that, we’re just attempting to feed the [left] head,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the left head appears more dominant, the wildlife center adds. “It’s generally more active and responsive to stimulus,” the release reads. “It would be better for the right head to eat, but it may be a challenge since the left head appears more dominant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That unusual mutation also prevents the snake’s heads from quarreling with each other over the same food. Instead, Kleopfer says, the separated heads “seemed to be oblivious to each other.”[contextly_sidebar id=”EcqkhIpqtR0RZYt3OixE5LMSv7liOKip”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gender is still unknown, but Kleopfer estimates the baby viper to be about 3 weeks old and 6 to 8 inches long. Copperheads typically reach \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/snakes/types.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18 to 36 inches\u003c/a> in length. The scientist says a private keeper who specializes in vipers for zoological facilities is currently caring for the snake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.livescience.com/43641-copperhead-snake.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Venomous copperheads\u003c/a> are a fairly common sighting for U.S. residents, especially in the Southeastern United States or in forested, temperate climates. Captive-bred two-headed snakes are slightly more common, he says, “but that’s usually the result of inbreeding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kleopfer has been in the field of herpetology for some 30 years. Still, he says, “This is definitely a first” and an “extraordinarily rare” sighting that few of his colleagues have seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hesitates to name the snake, as his goal right now is to keep it alive. If it survives, he says he hopes to donate the snake to a zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the current state of the snake, Kleoper tells in NPR in a follow-up email, “The little guy or girl is doing well. It [has] eaten and pooped, which are excellent signs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Sarah Handel and Viet Le produced and edited the story for broadcast.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH%3A+%27Extremely+Rare%27+2-Headed+Snake+Stuns+Social+Media%2C+Charms+Scientists&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 608,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 16
},
"modified": 1704927443,
"excerpt": "A Virginia state herpetologist says finding the mutant copperhead in a resident's yard earlier this month is an \"extraordinarily rare\" occurrence. Even more stunning, he says, is that it is alive.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A Virginia state herpetologist says finding the mutant copperhead in a resident's yard earlier this month is an "extraordinarily rare" occurrence. Even more stunning, he says, is that it is alive.",
"title": "WATCH: 'Extremely Rare' 2-Headed Snake Shocks Scientists | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "WATCH: 'Extremely Rare' 2-Headed Snake Shocks Scientists",
"datePublished": "2018-10-01T09:00:24-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:57:23-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "watch-extremely-rare-2-headed-snake-shocks-scientists",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=652570287&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprStoryDate": "Sat, 29 Sep 2018 07:47:01 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Sat, 29 Sep 2018 10:17:09 -0400",
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/2018/09/29/652570287/extremely-rare-2-headed-snake-stuns-social-media-charms-scientists?ft=nprml&f=652570287",
"nprAudio": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesat/2018/09/20180929_wesat_extremely_rare_two-headed_snake_stuns_social_media_charms_scientists.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1132&d=210&p=7&story=652570287&ft=nprml&f=652570287",
"nprImageAgency": "J.D. Kleopfer/Virginia Dept. of Game and Inland Fisheries",
"source": "Animals",
"nprAudioM3u": "http://api.npr.org/m3u/1652872523-463ee9.m3u?orgId=1&topicId=1132&d=210&p=7&story=652570287&ft=nprml&f=652570287",
"nprStoryId": "652570287",
"nprByline": "Emma Bowman, NPR",
"sticky": false,
"audioTrackLength": 211,
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Sat, 29 Sep 2018 10:17:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/1932026/watch-extremely-rare-2-headed-snake-shocks-scientists",
"audioUrl": "https://ondemand.npr.org/anon.npr-mp3/npr/wesat/2018/09/20180929_wesat_extremely_rare_two-headed_snake_stuns_social_media_charms_scientists.mp3?orgId=1&topicId=1132&d=210&p=7&story=652570287&ft=nprml&f=652570287",
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/vQ1jnbIX8wA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/vQ1jnbIX8wA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The venomous fangs of a copperhead snake are one thing. But the recent sighting of a rare two-headed snake in Northern Virginia is alarming — and mesmerizing — both social media spectators and scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, a Woodbridge resident stumbled upon the young mutant reptile in a neighbor’s yard. “I wanted to look away but couldn’t stop looking at it. Plays trick[s] on the eyes,” Stephanie Myers told \u003cem>USA Today\u003c/em> after finding the snake and posting photos of it to \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10100971479165557&set=a.10100533113229407&type=3&theater\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">her Facebook page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s even more exceptional is that the snake was discovered alive, according to state herpetologist J.D. Kleopfer, a reptiles and amphibians specialist at the Virginia Department of Game and Inland Fisheries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two-headed copperhead snakes are “extremely rare” to find in the wild, Kleopfer told NPR’s Scott Simon on \u003cem>Weekend Edition \u003c/em>Saturday. Their competing heads often contribute to their short life span. “They can’t coordinate escaping from predators and they can’t coordinate capturing foods, so they tend to not live,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luckily, the rest of the baby viper’s anatomy is shared, Kleopfer says, which means that “both heads are getting the nutrition they need.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a news release, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlifecenter.org/news_events/news/two-headed-copperhead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wildlife Center of Virginia says \u003c/a>Kleopfer brought the snake to the hospital on Sept. 20 for an examination. X-rays revealed that one head has a more developed esophagus, Kleopfer says, while the other has a more developed throat. “Based on that, we’re just attempting to feed the [left] head,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because the left head appears more dominant, the wildlife center adds. “It’s generally more active and responsive to stimulus,” the release reads. “It would be better for the right head to eat, but it may be a challenge since the left head appears more dominant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That unusual mutation also prevents the snake’s heads from quarreling with each other over the same food. Instead, Kleopfer says, the separated heads “seemed to be oblivious to each other.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gender is still unknown, but Kleopfer estimates the baby viper to be about 3 weeks old and 6 to 8 inches long. Copperheads typically reach \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/snakes/types.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">18 to 36 inches\u003c/a> in length. The scientist says a private keeper who specializes in vipers for zoological facilities is currently caring for the snake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.livescience.com/43641-copperhead-snake.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Venomous copperheads\u003c/a> are a fairly common sighting for U.S. residents, especially in the Southeastern United States or in forested, temperate climates. Captive-bred two-headed snakes are slightly more common, he says, “but that’s usually the result of inbreeding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kleopfer has been in the field of herpetology for some 30 years. Still, he says, “This is definitely a first” and an “extraordinarily rare” sighting that few of his colleagues have seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hesitates to name the snake, as his goal right now is to keep it alive. If it survives, he says he hopes to donate the snake to a zoo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the current state of the snake, Kleoper tells in NPR in a follow-up email, “The little guy or girl is doing well. It [has] eaten and pooped, which are excellent signs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Sarah Handel and Viet Le produced and edited the story for broadcast.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH%3A+%27Extremely+Rare%27+2-Headed+Snake+Stuns+Social+Media%2C+Charms+Scientists&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1932026/watch-extremely-rare-2-headed-snake-shocks-scientists",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1932026"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_1120",
"science_192"
],
"featImg": "science_1932027",
"label": "source_science_1932026"
},
"science_1931935": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1931935",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1931935",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1538162492000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1538162492,
"format": "aside",
"title": "Watch a Sea Lion Slap a Kayaker Right Across the Face — With an Octopus",
"headTitle": "Watch a Sea Lion Slap a Kayaker Right Across the Face — With an Octopus | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7m7-_Lo23BI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A sea lion smacks a kayaker with an octopus, and the video capturing the unlikely encounter quickly becomes a viral sensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict between man and beasts happened off the coast of New Zealand’s South Island.[contextly_sidebar id=”ghxWvrHRBgGdxjEuWhHZmbAU4Zu46Tqj”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taiyo Masuda, Kyle Mulinder and friends were going for a paddle off the coast of Kaikoura. Masuda’s camera follows the sea lion as it zips beneath the ocean’s surface and pops up a couple of feet from Mulinder and flings an octopus his way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whoa!” Masuda shouts, as Mulinder shakes his head and looks back into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not sure who got more of a surprise: the seal, the octopus, or me,” Mulinder wrote on Instagram in a comment about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/BoD3bluhKmS/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what exactly was the sea lion up to?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For answers, we turned to two scientists who know something about what makes sea lions tick: \u003ca href=\"https://pinnipedlab.ucsc.edu/staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colleen Reichmuth\u003c/a>, a principal investigator and associate research scientist at the University of Santa Cruz’s Institute of Marine Sciences, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncf.edu/directory/listing/peter-cook/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peter Cook\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of psychology at the New College of Florida who studies animal cognition and has experience with sea lions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First off, they wanted to make clear that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/education/marine-mammal-information/pinnipeds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pinniped\u003c/a> in question was indeed a sea lion, not a seal. Cook guesses the star of the show might be a New Zealand sea lion based on the whereabouts, but he couldn’t be completely sure from the video alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions and fur seals belong to the \u003cem>otariid\u003c/em> family and are sometimes called “eared seals.” Unlike true seals, however, they have external ear flaps and big front flippers, which allow them to be more active on land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behaviorally, Cook says, sea lions are more outgoing than seals and have a more flexible foraging ecology, meaning that they eat a wider variety of things — crabs, squids, octopuses, really anything they can get a hold of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions also eat their prey in much less predictable ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might be sea lions’ tendency to play that gives them their complex feeding behaviors, Cook says. Sea lions spend anywhere from nine months to two years with their mothers before venturing out on their own. During that period, they are being fed milk by their mother and have a lot of free time, most of which they use to play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In animal behavior work, we tend to think of play as a way that an animal learns and sort of preps itself to take on a more complicated set of potential behaviors as an adult,” Cook says.[contextly_sidebar id=”Gnrop7MagV2hqEmaoboJSpKPnbL1GSHZ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So was the sea lion just playing with the octopus?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to say, Cook says, but it’s possible. “They do like to fiddle with their food, and throwing an octopus around could be pretty fun,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook says he has witnessed sea lions in captivity playing with leftover food after finishing a meal. For half an hour or so, a sea lion might throw a piece of fish up and down, playing catch with itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Cook, a sign that this sea lion might have been messing around with the octopus is that after the smacking incident, the sea lion circles back, swimming very slowly. The way it turns and flops its flipper tells Cook that it’s pretty relaxed, and sea lions are not usually relaxed when they’re chasing down food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, sea lions also sometimes throw their food around to make it easier to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reichmuth says the video could portray typical sea lion foraging. “The behavior in that video is pretty normal behavior for a sea lion that is feeding on prey that is too big to swallow whole,” Reichmuth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions don’t have grinding teeth, so while they can hold onto a slippery fish or octopus, they can’t chew it well. Instead, they bring the prey to the surface and smash it on the water to break it into bite-size pieces, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reichmuth and Cook agree that it is entirely likely a feeding sea lion would have flung the octopus out of the water and smashed it on the surface, whether the kayakers had been there or not.[contextly_sidebar id=”dlYACemdcmpxPqxXZvRyxsQp0WHMXDPO”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions typically regard humans with indifference. “They definitely will approach people and look at them, but they mostly just do their own thing,” Cook says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s unlikely the sea lion was using the octopus as a weapon to fight the humans, according to Cook. “The idea of a sea lion hitting a person aggressively with an object — I’ve never heard of that happening. I’d be very surprised,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though sea lions can be indifferent toward humans, it doesn’t mean they can’t be bugged by us, Reichmuth says. “Sea lions are playful animals, but that doesn’t mean they’re not disturbed by the presence of people,” she says, especially when they are carrying out biologically important activities like foraging for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kayakers, she says, most likely paddled into an area where the sea lion was feeding, putting them in the line of fire. “You see the animal surface a few times, so [the kayakers] probably were not where they should have been, maybe a little too close to feeding animals,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This makes her think that while the video is entertaining, it also evokes a larger issue: the encroachment of people into wildlife areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common courtesy for wildlife, she says, is to stay well away from the “threshold of response,” which is when animals alter their behavior because of human presence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, though, it’s hard to know with certainty what the now world famous sea lion was doing with the octopus, or if its behavior was affected by the kayakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anytime someone witnesses a novel sea lion behavior, or the unexpected actions of any behaviorally flexible animal, Cook says, there’s often speculation about why it might have done it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frequently people observe sea lions doing new things that we did not know they could do,” Cook says. “There are always a lot of questions, and we make our best guess. But, yeah, they can surprise you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachel D. Cohen is an intern on NPR’s Science Desk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Did+An+Octopus-Wielding+Sea+Lion+Slap+A+Kayaker+In+The+Face%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": true,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 1132,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 33
},
"modified": 1704927451,
"excerpt": "A sea lion in a viral video was probably just messing around with its food. Researchers say sea lions don't care enough about humans to want to slap one of us with an octopus.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "A sea lion in a viral video was probably just messing around with its food. Researchers say sea lions don't care enough about humans to want to slap one of us with an octopus.",
"title": "Watch a Sea Lion Slap a Kayaker Right Across the Face — With an Octopus | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Watch a Sea Lion Slap a Kayaker Right Across the Face — With an Octopus",
"datePublished": "2018-09-28T12:21:32-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:57:31-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "watch-a-sea-lion-slap-a-kayaker-right-across-the-face-with-an-octopus",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=652519248&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Rachel D. Cohen, NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Fri, 28 Sep 2018 13:35:21 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Fri, 28 Sep 2018 14:05:54 -0400",
"sticky": false,
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/09/28/652519248/why-did-an-octopus-wielding-sea-lion-slap-a-kayaker-in-the-face?ft=nprml&f=652519248",
"nprImageAgency": "Taiyo Masuda/Screenshot by NPR",
"source": "Animals",
"nprStoryId": "652519248",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Fri, 28 Sep 2018 14:05:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/1931935/watch-a-sea-lion-slap-a-kayaker-right-across-the-face-with-an-octopus",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/7m7-_Lo23BI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/7m7-_Lo23BI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>A sea lion smacks a kayaker with an octopus, and the video capturing the unlikely encounter quickly becomes a viral sensation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict between man and beasts happened off the coast of New Zealand’s South Island.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taiyo Masuda, Kyle Mulinder and friends were going for a paddle off the coast of Kaikoura. Masuda’s camera follows the sea lion as it zips beneath the ocean’s surface and pops up a couple of feet from Mulinder and flings an octopus his way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whoa!” Masuda shouts, as Mulinder shakes his head and looks back into the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not sure who got more of a surprise: the seal, the octopus, or me,” Mulinder wrote on Instagram in a comment about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/p/BoD3bluhKmS/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">video\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what exactly was the sea lion up to?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For answers, we turned to two scientists who know something about what makes sea lions tick: \u003ca href=\"https://pinnipedlab.ucsc.edu/staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colleen Reichmuth\u003c/a>, a principal investigator and associate research scientist at the University of Santa Cruz’s Institute of Marine Sciences, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncf.edu/directory/listing/peter-cook/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peter Cook\u003c/a>, an assistant professor of psychology at the New College of Florida who studies animal cognition and has experience with sea lions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First off, they wanted to make clear that the \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinemammalcenter.org/education/marine-mammal-information/pinnipeds/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pinniped\u003c/a> in question was indeed a sea lion, not a seal. Cook guesses the star of the show might be a New Zealand sea lion based on the whereabouts, but he couldn’t be completely sure from the video alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions and fur seals belong to the \u003cem>otariid\u003c/em> family and are sometimes called “eared seals.” Unlike true seals, however, they have external ear flaps and big front flippers, which allow them to be more active on land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behaviorally, Cook says, sea lions are more outgoing than seals and have a more flexible foraging ecology, meaning that they eat a wider variety of things — crabs, squids, octopuses, really anything they can get a hold of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions also eat their prey in much less predictable ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It might be sea lions’ tendency to play that gives them their complex feeding behaviors, Cook says. Sea lions spend anywhere from nine months to two years with their mothers before venturing out on their own. During that period, they are being fed milk by their mother and have a lot of free time, most of which they use to play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In animal behavior work, we tend to think of play as a way that an animal learns and sort of preps itself to take on a more complicated set of potential behaviors as an adult,” Cook says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So was the sea lion just playing with the octopus?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to say, Cook says, but it’s possible. “They do like to fiddle with their food, and throwing an octopus around could be pretty fun,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cook says he has witnessed sea lions in captivity playing with leftover food after finishing a meal. For half an hour or so, a sea lion might throw a piece of fish up and down, playing catch with itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Cook, a sign that this sea lion might have been messing around with the octopus is that after the smacking incident, the sea lion circles back, swimming very slowly. The way it turns and flops its flipper tells Cook that it’s pretty relaxed, and sea lions are not usually relaxed when they’re chasing down food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, sea lions also sometimes throw their food around to make it easier to eat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reichmuth says the video could portray typical sea lion foraging. “The behavior in that video is pretty normal behavior for a sea lion that is feeding on prey that is too big to swallow whole,” Reichmuth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions don’t have grinding teeth, so while they can hold onto a slippery fish or octopus, they can’t chew it well. Instead, they bring the prey to the surface and smash it on the water to break it into bite-size pieces, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reichmuth and Cook agree that it is entirely likely a feeding sea lion would have flung the octopus out of the water and smashed it on the surface, whether the kayakers had been there or not.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sea lions typically regard humans with indifference. “They definitely will approach people and look at them, but they mostly just do their own thing,” Cook says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s unlikely the sea lion was using the octopus as a weapon to fight the humans, according to Cook. “The idea of a sea lion hitting a person aggressively with an object — I’ve never heard of that happening. I’d be very surprised,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though sea lions can be indifferent toward humans, it doesn’t mean they can’t be bugged by us, Reichmuth says. “Sea lions are playful animals, but that doesn’t mean they’re not disturbed by the presence of people,” she says, especially when they are carrying out biologically important activities like foraging for food.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kayakers, she says, most likely paddled into an area where the sea lion was feeding, putting them in the line of fire. “You see the animal surface a few times, so [the kayakers] probably were not where they should have been, maybe a little too close to feeding animals,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This makes her think that while the video is entertaining, it also evokes a larger issue: the encroachment of people into wildlife areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common courtesy for wildlife, she says, is to stay well away from the “threshold of response,” which is when animals alter their behavior because of human presence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, though, it’s hard to know with certainty what the now world famous sea lion was doing with the octopus, or if its behavior was affected by the kayakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anytime someone witnesses a novel sea lion behavior, or the unexpected actions of any behaviorally flexible animal, Cook says, there’s often speculation about why it might have done it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frequently people observe sea lions doing new things that we did not know they could do,” Cook says. “There are always a lot of questions, and we make our best guess. But, yeah, they can surprise you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "floatright"
},
"numeric": [
"floatright"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Rachel D. Cohen is an intern on NPR’s Science Desk.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Why+Did+An+Octopus-Wielding+Sea+Lion+Slap+A+Kayaker+In+The+Face%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1931935/watch-a-sea-lion-slap-a-kayaker-right-across-the-face-with-an-octopus",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1931935"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_1120",
"science_843",
"science_1479"
],
"featImg": "science_1931936",
"label": "source_science_1931935"
},
"science_1931779": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1931779",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1931779",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1538086364000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1538086364,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Scientists Uncover Genetic Basis for Toxic Algal Blooms",
"headTitle": "Scientists Uncover Genetic Basis for Toxic Algal Blooms | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Despite decades of research, the trigger that causes algal blooms to begin poisoning their environment has long confounded scientists. [contextly_sidebar id=”fnAsXqYMH2wXuMPiM7XaZXpzPiY89ReR”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, researchers from Scripps and UC San Diego have found the genetic underpinning of domoic acid, a harmful neurotoxin. In a new study published in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6409/1356\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science\u003c/a>, \u003c/em>researchers describe three genes responsible for producing domoic acid in the phytoplankton \u003cem>Pseudo-nitzschia. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monitoring how the cluster of genes behave could one day yield information on which environmental or biological triggers are responsible for activating them, according to Bradley Moore, a professor of marine chemical biology and geneticist at Scripps and UC San Diego. That information could help fisheries and public health officials predict when harmful algal blooms will occur, allowing them to effectively prepare. [contextly_sidebar id=”wBZEargCce4eVX1RDaJLL0oQY2wnfmtJ”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore says that the “very small” cluster of genes responsible for the production of the toxin is a relatively rare phenomena compared to other similar organisms, indicating that they may serve some important biological function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not there to make us sick. There are different theories for why it’s there, including serving as a feeding deterrent,” says Moore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore speculates the toxin may deter organisms that would feed upon the algae. Or it may be that the toxin allows algae to chemically bond to nutrients, such as iron, present in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The discovery of these genes will allow us to explore these theories,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore and his colleagues focused on \u003cem>Pseudo-nitzschia\u003c/em> because it occasionally causes serious economic and environmental damage along coastal communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, closures due to toxic blooms have become increasingly common. Several popular swimming areas in the Bay Area, including Lake Temescal and Quarry Lakes, were shut down for most of the summer due to harmful algae blooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/Facilities/Facility/Details/Lake-Cunningham-Park-179\">San Jose’s Lake Cunningham\u003c/a> has been closed since January and has yet to reopen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In humans, the toxin can cause rashes, skin lesions, headaches and stomach pain. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Toxic-algae-kills-2-dogs-after-swim-in-Napa-11260421.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">There have also been cases\u003c/a> of animals dying in Napa County from swallowing the contaminated water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To monitor local bloom sightings online, check out the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mywaterquality.ca.gov/habs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harmful Algae Bloom Portal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 379,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 14
},
"modified": 1704927454,
"excerpt": "Scientists have for the first time uncovered the genes responsible for making algal blooms toxic, opening up the possibility of one day being able to predict when and why they occur. ",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Scientists have for the first time uncovered the genes responsible for making algal blooms toxic, opening up the possibility of one day being able to predict when and why they occur. ",
"title": "Scientists Uncover Genetic Basis for Toxic Algal Blooms | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Scientists Uncover Genetic Basis for Toxic Algal Blooms",
"datePublished": "2018-09-27T15:12:44-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:57:34-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "scientists-uncover-genetic-basis-for-toxic-algal-blooms",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1931779/scientists-uncover-genetic-basis-for-toxic-algal-blooms",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Despite decades of research, the trigger that causes algal blooms to begin poisoning their environment has long confounded scientists. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, researchers from Scripps and UC San Diego have found the genetic underpinning of domoic acid, a harmful neurotoxin. In a new study published in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6409/1356\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Science\u003c/a>, \u003c/em>researchers describe three genes responsible for producing domoic acid in the phytoplankton \u003cem>Pseudo-nitzschia. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monitoring how the cluster of genes behave could one day yield information on which environmental or biological triggers are responsible for activating them, according to Bradley Moore, a professor of marine chemical biology and geneticist at Scripps and UC San Diego. That information could help fisheries and public health officials predict when harmful algal blooms will occur, allowing them to effectively prepare. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore says that the “very small” cluster of genes responsible for the production of the toxin is a relatively rare phenomena compared to other similar organisms, indicating that they may serve some important biological function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not there to make us sick. There are different theories for why it’s there, including serving as a feeding deterrent,” says Moore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore speculates the toxin may deter organisms that would feed upon the algae. Or it may be that the toxin allows algae to chemically bond to nutrients, such as iron, present in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The discovery of these genes will allow us to explore these theories,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moore and his colleagues focused on \u003cem>Pseudo-nitzschia\u003c/em> because it occasionally causes serious economic and environmental damage along coastal communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, closures due to toxic blooms have become increasingly common. Several popular swimming areas in the Bay Area, including Lake Temescal and Quarry Lakes, were shut down for most of the summer due to harmful algae blooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sanjoseca.gov/Facilities/Facility/Details/Lake-Cunningham-Park-179\">San Jose’s Lake Cunningham\u003c/a> has been closed since January and has yet to reopen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In humans, the toxin can cause rashes, skin lesions, headaches and stomach pain. \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Toxic-algae-kills-2-dogs-after-swim-in-Napa-11260421.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">There have also been cases\u003c/a> of animals dying in Napa County from swallowing the contaminated water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To monitor local bloom sightings online, check out the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mywaterquality.ca.gov/habs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harmful Algae Bloom Portal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1931779/scientists-uncover-genetic-basis-for-toxic-algal-blooms",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_30",
"science_29",
"science_35",
"science_37",
"science_40",
"science_2873"
],
"tags": [
"science_747",
"science_194",
"science_192",
"science_3370",
"science_3243"
],
"featImg": "science_1931805",
"label": "source_science_1931779"
},
"science_1931694": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1931694",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1931694",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1537927247000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1537927247,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Severe Effect From Climate Change Predicted in National Parks",
"headTitle": "Severe Effect From Climate Change Predicted in National Parks | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Global warming could drive many small animals and plants to extinction, according to the first study to measure the impact of climate change on America’s national parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Researchers found that the average temperatures in national parks increased at twice the rate as the rest of the nation.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Unless action is taken to curb greenhouse gas emissions, higher temperatures\u003ca href=\"http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aade09\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> could virtually eliminate the habitats\u003c/a> of small mammals, such as the mountain-dwelling \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915117/climate-change-spells-extinction-for-pikas-of-lake-tahoe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American pika\u003c/a>, according to the study, which appears in the journal \u003cem>Environmental Research Letters\u003c/em>. The pika has become a kind of poster critter for climate threats, as it can only survive at high elevations, where temperatures remain cool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Human-caused emissions [are] shifting warmth up mountains, which could destroy suitable habitats from the tops of these mountains,” says Patrick Gonzales, a climate change scientist at UC Berkeley and lead author of the study. “We have more leverage to deal with this now, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions that could harm small mammals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National parks are especially vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because they’re often located in regions that are hardest hit by global warming, such as at high elevation or upper latitudes. Researchers found that the average temperatures in national parks increased at twice the rate as the rest of the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parks also experienced a significant decline in annual rainfall compared to the U.S. as a whole, according to the joint study by UC Berkeley and the University of Wisconsin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the current rate of emissions, temperatures in the most vulnerable parks could soar by as much as 16 degrees Fahrenheit by 2100 — a rate that gives species little time to adapt or migrate to more suitable climates, if there are any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings are “bad news” for biodiversity, according to Rodolfo Dirzo, a biologist at Stanford University, who was not part of the study team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since protected areas represent currently one of our best instruments to protect biodiversity, the fact that North American parks are going to experience such drastic changes in their climatic conditions is a critical message,” says Dirzo.[contextly_sidebar id=”2cAvntmHbAEBZ68IS79VMx3mCv8vcGuI”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He notes that many populations of small animals and plants are typically less vulnerable to anthropogenic warming, so the fact that these same populations are expected to experience such formidable challenges demands “immediate, effective action to prevent massive declines of our already threatened biodiversity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changing climate conditions in our national parks also increases human vulnerability, according to Gonzalez. He points to San Francisco residents’ reliance on the Hetch Hetchy reservoir in Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s essential that park officials conserve the watershed so that water is plentiful and clean for human consumption,” says Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mapping Climate Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers made their projections using data collected from weather stations located throughout the U.S. that track monthly temperature and rainfall going back to 1895.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They created maps of the average annual temperature and rainfall amounts throughout the country, at points approximately 800 meters apart. They then compared the maps to historical temperature and rainfall data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data revealed that on average, temperatures in national parks increased by nearly 2 degrees Fahrenheit from 1895 to 2010 — roughly twice the warming experienced by the rest of the country. [contextly_sidebar id=”fsagCxvrtz8z5M5LkPwG8EXRRv8an2eW”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National parks also saw a 12 percent decline in rainfall compared to 3 percent for the U.S. at large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National parks in Alaska endured the greatest increases, while rainfall decreased the most in Hawaii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also estimated future changes in temperature and precipitation using four different climate scenarios developed by the United Nations’ \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scenarios include one where no action is taken to reduce emissions, one based on commitments made in the \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paris Agreement \u003c/a>on climate three years ago, and two that range somewhere in the middle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the most extreme climate change scenario, the study found that the collective average temperature of all the national parks could rise between 9 and 13 degrees Fahrenheit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abiding by the Paris Agreement could limit this rise to between roughly 2 to 6 degrees Fahrenheit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under both scenarios, projected temperature increases are greatest in Alaska’s national parks, while rainfall decreases most in the Virgin Islands and the southwestern U.S.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers hope that the maps can aid park officials in developing stronger measures to protect endangered species and park resources from the impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our results show that reducing pollution from human resources can save parks from the most extreme heat,” says Gonzalez. “Compared to the highest emissions scenario, a scenario of adhering to the Paris Agreement would lower the rate of heating in parks by two-thirds by the end of the century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings, he says, only underscore the National Park Service’s mandate of protecting parks for future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The data can point parks in the direction of conserving the most vulnerable places or potential \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS713US713&ei=Ed2qW-BnsdL0A8-AiagF&q=refugia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">refugia\u003c/a>, which are stable places that might provide shelter to plant and animal species,” he says. “The future of these national parks is in our hands.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 881,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 28
},
"modified": 1704927458,
"excerpt": "Small critters and plants could take a big hit from a changing climate, according to a new study. The researchers say abiding by the Paris climate agreement could curtail some of the more extreme effects.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "Small critters and plants could take a big hit from a changing climate, according to a new study. The researchers say abiding by the Paris climate agreement could curtail some of the more extreme effects.",
"title": "Severe Effect From Climate Change Predicted in National Parks | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Severe Effect From Climate Change Predicted in National Parks",
"datePublished": "2018-09-25T19:00:47-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:57:38-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "small-animals-in-national-parks-could-face-extinction-from-climate-change",
"status": "publish",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Environment",
"path": "/science/1931694/small-animals-in-national-parks-could-face-extinction-from-climate-change",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Global warming could drive many small animals and plants to extinction, according to the first study to measure the impact of climate change on America’s national parks.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Researchers found that the average temperatures in national parks increased at twice the rate as the rest of the nation.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Unless action is taken to curb greenhouse gas emissions, higher temperatures\u003ca href=\"http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/aade09\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> could virtually eliminate the habitats\u003c/a> of small mammals, such as the mountain-dwelling \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1915117/climate-change-spells-extinction-for-pikas-of-lake-tahoe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American pika\u003c/a>, according to the study, which appears in the journal \u003cem>Environmental Research Letters\u003c/em>. The pika has become a kind of poster critter for climate threats, as it can only survive at high elevations, where temperatures remain cool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Human-caused emissions [are] shifting warmth up mountains, which could destroy suitable habitats from the tops of these mountains,” says Patrick Gonzales, a climate change scientist at UC Berkeley and lead author of the study. “We have more leverage to deal with this now, by reducing greenhouse gas emissions that could harm small mammals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National parks are especially vulnerable to the impacts of climate change because they’re often located in regions that are hardest hit by global warming, such as at high elevation or upper latitudes. Researchers found that the average temperatures in national parks increased at twice the rate as the rest of the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parks also experienced a significant decline in annual rainfall compared to the U.S. as a whole, according to the joint study by UC Berkeley and the University of Wisconsin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the current rate of emissions, temperatures in the most vulnerable parks could soar by as much as 16 degrees Fahrenheit by 2100 — a rate that gives species little time to adapt or migrate to more suitable climates, if there are any.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings are “bad news” for biodiversity, according to Rodolfo Dirzo, a biologist at Stanford University, who was not part of the study team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Since protected areas represent currently one of our best instruments to protect biodiversity, the fact that North American parks are going to experience such drastic changes in their climatic conditions is a critical message,” says Dirzo.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He notes that many populations of small animals and plants are typically less vulnerable to anthropogenic warming, so the fact that these same populations are expected to experience such formidable challenges demands “immediate, effective action to prevent massive declines of our already threatened biodiversity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changing climate conditions in our national parks also increases human vulnerability, according to Gonzalez. He points to San Francisco residents’ reliance on the Hetch Hetchy reservoir in Yosemite National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s essential that park officials conserve the watershed so that water is plentiful and clean for human consumption,” says Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Mapping Climate Change\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers made their projections using data collected from weather stations located throughout the U.S. that track monthly temperature and rainfall going back to 1895.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They created maps of the average annual temperature and rainfall amounts throughout the country, at points approximately 800 meters apart. They then compared the maps to historical temperature and rainfall data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data revealed that on average, temperatures in national parks increased by nearly 2 degrees Fahrenheit from 1895 to 2010 — roughly twice the warming experienced by the rest of the country. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National parks also saw a 12 percent decline in rainfall compared to 3 percent for the U.S. at large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National parks in Alaska endured the greatest increases, while rainfall decreased the most in Hawaii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also estimated future changes in temperature and precipitation using four different climate scenarios developed by the United Nations’ \u003ca href=\"http://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scenarios include one where no action is taken to reduce emissions, one based on commitments made in the \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paris Agreement \u003c/a>on climate three years ago, and two that range somewhere in the middle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the most extreme climate change scenario, the study found that the collective average temperature of all the national parks could rise between 9 and 13 degrees Fahrenheit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abiding by the Paris Agreement could limit this rise to between roughly 2 to 6 degrees Fahrenheit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under both scenarios, projected temperature increases are greatest in Alaska’s national parks, while rainfall decreases most in the Virgin Islands and the southwestern U.S.\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers hope that the maps can aid park officials in developing stronger measures to protect endangered species and park resources from the impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our results show that reducing pollution from human resources can save parks from the most extreme heat,” says Gonzalez. “Compared to the highest emissions scenario, a scenario of adhering to the Paris Agreement would lower the rate of heating in parks by two-thirds by the end of the century.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The findings, he says, only underscore the National Park Service’s mandate of protecting parks for future generations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The data can point parks in the direction of conserving the most vulnerable places or potential \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C5CHFA_enUS713US713&ei=Ed2qW-BnsdL0A8-AiagF&q=refugia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">refugia\u003c/a>, which are stable places that might provide shelter to plant and animal species,” he says. “The future of these national parks is in our hands.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1931694/small-animals-in-national-parks-could-face-extinction-from-climate-change",
"authors": [
"11428"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_31",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_194",
"science_192",
"science_3370",
"science_2164",
"science_956",
"science_1349"
],
"featImg": "science_1931755",
"label": "source_science_1931694"
},
"science_1931720": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1931720",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1931720",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1537898472000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1537898472,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Judge Says Feds Failed to Use Best Science in Axing Grizzly Bear Protections",
"headTitle": "Judge Says Feds Failed to Use Best Science in Axing Grizzly Bear Protections | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A federal judge has restored Endangered Species Act protections for grizzly bears living around Yellowstone National Park. [contextly_sidebar id=”3YH49dxGtaF9pkMer4Pe4nhjnpNxiXG3″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his \u003ca href=\"https://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/files/2018-09-24_Doc-266-ORDER.pdf\">ruling\u003c/a>, U.S. District Court Judge Dana Christensen said the federal government didn’t use the best available science when it removed the bears from the threatened-species list last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday’s ruling puts a stop to proposed grizzly hunts in Wyoming and Idaho, which were on hold while Christensen mulled his decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m feeling relieved,” said Matthew Bishop, an environmental attorney representing WildEarth Guardians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He helped represent tribes and conservation groups in a lawsuit filed after the grizzly bears were delisted in 2017. Bishop argued the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service couldn’t delist the animals in one isolated spot without considering the impact on threatened grizzly bears living in other places in the Lower 48 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you commit to recovering a species in the Lower 48 you should do that,” Bishop said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christensen agreed. In his decision, he said grizzly bears don’t roam everywhere in the West like they used to. Instead they live in isolated pockets, and the federal regulators can’t delist those isolated pockets until the grizzly populations start connecting together.[contextly_sidebar id=”UDwGgDMk7CdDEULMvAlCTBKEI6G2AOW3″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Service cannot abuse its power to delist an already-protected species by ‘balkanization,” Christensen wrote.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to the ruling, wildlife agencies in Wyoming and Idaho planned to let hunters kill up to 23 grizzlies during its first hunting season for the bears in three decades. It was set to begin on Sept. 1 before Christensen granted a temporary restraining order on August 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many ranchers near the nation’s oldest national park lauded the hunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people that encounter grizzly bears as part of their daily lives,” attorney Cody Wisniewski said at an \u003ca href=\"http://www.ypradio.org/post/update-federal-judge-freezes-grizzly-hunts-idaho-wyoming#stream/0\">earlier hearing.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He represented Wyoming ranchers and farmers in the case and said his clients liked having the states in charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their goal is just to have local management. To be able to go to their local representatives, their elected officials, the people that live in and beside them in their state in order to resolve any disputes,” he said.[contextly_sidebar id=”NgS8efYluNaB2RAnw6UBeaFp9z21hzeV”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mtpr.org/post/judge-returns-yellowstone-grizzlies-endangered-species-list\">According to Montana Public Radio\u003c/a>, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service spokesperson Jennifer Strickland said the federal government will “work with the state and tribes to ensure that this transition proceeds in accordance with the court’s order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bishop, who represents WildEarth Guardians, noted the federal government could appeal the decision, which could also impact the \u003ca href=\"https://missoulian.com/news/local/grizzly-committee-to-vote-this-week-on-delisting-strategy-for/article_59779bcf-136f-58f7-af41-b4071fca9a6b.html\">proposed\u003c/a> delisting of grizzly bears living in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem near Montana’s Glacier National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by the Mountain West News Bureau, a collaboration between Wyoming Public Media, Boise State Public Radio in Idaho, Yellowstone Public Radio in Montana, KUER in Salt Lake City and KRCC and KUNC in Colorado.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Judge+Restores+Grizzly+Bears%27+Protections+As+Endangered+Species&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 519,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 18
},
"modified": 1704927461,
"excerpt": "The ruling blocks planned hunting of grizzlies. Judge Dana Christensen said the federal government didn't use the best available science when it took them off the threatened-species list last year.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "The ruling blocks planned hunting of grizzlies. Judge Dana Christensen said the federal government didn't use the best available science when it took them off the threatened-species list last year.",
"title": "Judge Says Feds Failed to Use Best Science in Axing Grizzly Bear Protections | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Judge Says Feds Failed to Use Best Science in Axing Grizzly Bear Protections",
"datePublished": "2018-09-25T11:01:12-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:57:41-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "judge-says-feds-failed-to-use-best-science-in-axing-grizzly-bear-protections",
"status": "publish",
"nprApiLink": "http://api.npr.org/query?id=651335449&apiKey=MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004",
"nprByline": "Nate Hegyi, NPR",
"nprStoryDate": "Mon, 24 Sep 2018 22:20:10 -0400",
"nprLastModifiedDate": "Tue, 25 Sep 2018 13:22:38 -0400",
"sticky": false,
"nprHtmlLink": "https://www.npr.org/2018/09/24/651335449/judge-restores-grizzly-bears-protections-as-endangered-species?ft=nprml&f=651335449",
"nprImageAgency": "AP",
"nprImageCredit": "Jim Urquhart",
"source": "Animals",
"nprStoryId": "651335449",
"nprRetrievedStory": "1",
"nprPubDate": "Tue, 25 Sep 2018 13:22:00 -0400",
"path": "/science/1931720/judge-says-feds-failed-to-use-best-science-in-axing-grizzly-bear-protections",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A federal judge has restored Endangered Species Act protections for grizzly bears living around Yellowstone National Park. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his \u003ca href=\"https://earthjustice.org/sites/default/files/files/2018-09-24_Doc-266-ORDER.pdf\">ruling\u003c/a>, U.S. District Court Judge Dana Christensen said the federal government didn’t use the best available science when it removed the bears from the threatened-species list last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monday’s ruling puts a stop to proposed grizzly hunts in Wyoming and Idaho, which were on hold while Christensen mulled his decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m feeling relieved,” said Matthew Bishop, an environmental attorney representing WildEarth Guardians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He helped represent tribes and conservation groups in a lawsuit filed after the grizzly bears were delisted in 2017. Bishop argued the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service couldn’t delist the animals in one isolated spot without considering the impact on threatened grizzly bears living in other places in the Lower 48 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you commit to recovering a species in the Lower 48 you should do that,” Bishop said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christensen agreed. In his decision, he said grizzly bears don’t roam everywhere in the West like they used to. Instead they live in isolated pockets, and the federal regulators can’t delist those isolated pockets until the grizzly populations start connecting together.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Service cannot abuse its power to delist an already-protected species by ‘balkanization,” Christensen wrote.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prior to the ruling, wildlife agencies in Wyoming and Idaho planned to let hunters kill up to 23 grizzlies during its first hunting season for the bears in three decades. It was set to begin on Sept. 1 before Christensen granted a temporary restraining order on August 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many ranchers near the nation’s oldest national park lauded the hunt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people that encounter grizzly bears as part of their daily lives,” attorney Cody Wisniewski said at an \u003ca href=\"http://www.ypradio.org/post/update-federal-judge-freezes-grizzly-hunts-idaho-wyoming#stream/0\">earlier hearing.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He represented Wyoming ranchers and farmers in the case and said his clients liked having the states in charge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Their goal is just to have local management. To be able to go to their local representatives, their elected officials, the people that live in and beside them in their state in order to resolve any disputes,” he said.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.mtpr.org/post/judge-returns-yellowstone-grizzlies-endangered-species-list\">According to Montana Public Radio\u003c/a>, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service spokesperson Jennifer Strickland said the federal government will “work with the state and tribes to ensure that this transition proceeds in accordance with the court’s order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bishop, who represents WildEarth Guardians, noted the federal government could appeal the decision, which could also impact the \u003ca href=\"https://missoulian.com/news/local/grizzly-committee-to-vote-this-week-on-delisting-strategy-for/article_59779bcf-136f-58f7-af41-b4071fca9a6b.html\">proposed\u003c/a> delisting of grizzly bears living in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem near Montana’s Glacier National Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by the Mountain West News Bureau, a collaboration between Wyoming Public Media, Boise State Public Radio in Idaho, Yellowstone Public Radio in Montana, KUER in Salt Lake City and KRCC and KUNC in Colorado.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Judge+Restores+Grizzly+Bears%27+Protections+As+Endangered+Species&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1931720/judge-says-feds-failed-to-use-best-science-in-axing-grizzly-bear-protections",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1931720"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_35"
],
"tags": [
"science_261",
"science_192"
],
"featImg": "science_1931721",
"label": "source_science_1931720"
},
"science_1931366": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1931366",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1931366",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1537880438000
]
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "the-house-centipede-is-fast-furious-and-hella-leggy",
"title": "The House Centipede is Fast, Furious, and Just So Extra",
"publishDate": 1537880438,
"format": "video",
"headTitle": "The House Centipede is Fast, Furious, and Just So Extra | KQED",
"labelTerm": {
"term": 1935,
"site": "science"
},
"content": "\u003cp>[dl_subscribe]As California enters the winter rainy season, at least one transplant won’t be disappointed to see a change in the weather. West Coast rain is just fine for the house centipede, a guest from the Mediterranean that favors the dark, humid corners of people’s homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not to be confused with their herbivorous cousins the millipedes, centipedes are aggressive predators that use venom to subdue their prey. Even though they are often targeted for pest control, centipedes are some of nature’s best exterminators, emerging by night from their crevices to feed on cockroaches, flies, bedbugs, crickets, spiders and snails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931377\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931377 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">House centipedes live in the dark, moist corners of people’s homes. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everyone thinks they bite,” said Orin McMonigle, author of the book “Centipedes in Captivity.” “But I’ve held them in my hand a million times and they’ve never bitten me. They can’t get through your skin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recognizable for their striking (some might say, repulsive) starburst-like shape, house centipedes have far fewer than the 100 legs their name suggests. They’re born with a modest eight, a count that grows to 30 as they reach adulthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The house centipede’s legs get progressively longer toward the rear, which creates its characteristic outline and keeps them from getting tangled when they are running fast. And they can run fast — about 16 inches a second, which is pound for pound about the same as a human running 42 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931378\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1931378\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517_cent_on_white_walksthru_720.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The house centipede’s legs coordinate to avoid getting tangled when it runs. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If 30 legs sound like more than one critter really needs — perhaps it is. Over the last 450 million years or so, when centipedes split off from other arthropods, evolution has turned some of those walking limbs into other useful and versatile tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically arthropods are Swiss army knives,” said Greg Edgecombe, a paleontologist who specializes in centipedes at the Natural History Museum, London. “They differentiate the legs for different functions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it hunts, for example, the house centipede uses its legs as a rope to restrain prey in a tactic called “lassoing.” The tip of each leg is so finely segmented and flexible that it can coil around its victim to prevent escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931384\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931384 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517_cent_catches_cricket_720.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A house centipede catches its prey, like this cricket, with its ropelike legs. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The centipede’s venom-injecting fangs, called forciples, are also modified legs. Though shorter and thicker than the walking limbs, they are multijointed , which makes them far more dexterous than the fangs of insects and spiders, which hinge in only one plane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of this dexterity, the centipede’s forciples not only inject venom, but also hold prey in place while the centipede feeds. Then they take a turn as a grooming tool. The centipede passes its legs through the forciples to clean and lubricate their sensory hairs. “All those hairs need to be kept clean, so they groom pretty regularly,” said Edgecombe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they’re methodical about it. “They groom down one side of the body and then the other,” he added. “When you interrupt them, they pick up where they left off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New research from scientists in Germany has identified another way the house centipede may be repurposing some of its many limbs, this time at the other end of the body. The research focuses on the critter’s hindmost legs, which rival its frontal antennae in length.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931380\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1931380\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A house centipede grooms its leg with its forciples. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists have long noticed that because of their length and the fact that the centipede holds them aloft when it walks, these back legs give the appearance of a second pair of antennae. The house centipede looks like it has two heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In evolution, when an animal imitates itself, it’s called automimicry. Automimicry occurs in some fish, birds and butterflies, and usually serves to divert predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new research suggests that’s not the whole story with the house centipede. When Andy Sombke and Matthes Kenning from the University of Greifswald turned an electron microscope on the centipede’s legs, they found as many sensory hairs, or sensilla, on them as on the antennae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We asked whether these legs represented some kind of antennae at the back or the end of the body,” said Sombke by email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931382\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1931382\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The house centipede’s back legs rival its front antennae in length. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The presence of so many sensory hairs suggests the centipede’s long back legs are not merely dummies used in a defensive ploy but serve a special function, possibly in mate selection. During courtship, both the male and female house centipede slowly raise and lower their antennae and back legs, followed by mutual tapping and probing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do this whole ritual dance,” said Randy Mercurio, who runs Centipede Venom Pharm, a North Carolina-based firm that cultivates the venom of centipedes for scientific and medical research. The pairing is difficult to observe, he notes, because house centipedes are highly cannibalistic. His advice to anyone attempting to mate them: “Make sure they’re well fed.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"blocks": [],
"excerpt": "House centipedes are predators with a knack for fancy footwork, but not all their legs are for walking. ",
"status": "publish",
"parent": 0,
"modified": 1738969041,
"stats": {
"hasAudio": false,
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"paragraphCount": 20,
"wordCount": 898
},
"headData": {
"title": "The House Centipede is Fast, Furious, and Just So Extra | KQED",
"description": "House centipedes are predators with a knack for fancy footwork, but not all their legs are for walking. ",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogDescription": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"twDescription": "",
"twImgId": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "The House Centipede is Fast, Furious, and Just So Extra",
"datePublished": "2018-09-25T06:00:38-07:00",
"dateModified": "2025-02-07T14:57:21-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"videoEmbed": "https://youtu.be/q2RtbP1d7Kg",
"pbsMediaId": "3018195812",
"sticky": false,
"nprStoryId": "kqed-1931366",
"excludeFromSiteSearch": "Include",
"articleAge": "0",
"path": "/science/1931366/the-house-centipede-is-fast-furious-and-hella-leggy",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "dl_subscribe",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": ""
},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>As California enters the winter rainy season, at least one transplant won’t be disappointed to see a change in the weather. West Coast rain is just fine for the house centipede, a guest from the Mediterranean that favors the dark, humid corners of people’s homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not to be confused with their herbivorous cousins the millipedes, centipedes are aggressive predators that use venom to subdue their prey. Even though they are often targeted for pest control, centipedes are some of nature’s best exterminators, emerging by night from their crevices to feed on cockroaches, flies, bedbugs, crickets, spiders and snails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931377\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931377 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-wider-purple-legs-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">House centipedes live in the dark, moist corners of people’s homes. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Everyone thinks they bite,” said Orin McMonigle, author of the book “Centipedes in Captivity.” “But I’ve held them in my hand a million times and they’ve never bitten me. They can’t get through your skin.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recognizable for their striking (some might say, repulsive) starburst-like shape, house centipedes have far fewer than the 100 legs their name suggests. They’re born with a modest eight, a count that grows to 30 as they reach adulthood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The house centipede’s legs get progressively longer toward the rear, which creates its characteristic outline and keeps them from getting tangled when they are running fast. And they can run fast — about 16 inches a second, which is pound for pound about the same as a human running 42 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931378\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1931378\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517_cent_on_white_walksthru_720.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The house centipede’s legs coordinate to avoid getting tangled when it runs. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If 30 legs sound like more than one critter really needs — perhaps it is. Over the last 450 million years or so, when centipedes split off from other arthropods, evolution has turned some of those walking limbs into other useful and versatile tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Basically arthropods are Swiss army knives,” said Greg Edgecombe, a paleontologist who specializes in centipedes at the Natural History Museum, London. “They differentiate the legs for different functions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it hunts, for example, the house centipede uses its legs as a rope to restrain prey in a tactic called “lassoing.” The tip of each leg is so finely segmented and flexible that it can coil around its victim to prevent escape.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931384\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-1931384 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517_cent_catches_cricket_720.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"405\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A house centipede catches its prey, like this cricket, with its ropelike legs. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The centipede’s venom-injecting fangs, called forciples, are also modified legs. Though shorter and thicker than the walking limbs, they are multijointed , which makes them far more dexterous than the fangs of insects and spiders, which hinge in only one plane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of this dexterity, the centipede’s forciples not only inject venom, but also hold prey in place while the centipede feeds. Then they take a turn as a grooming tool. The centipede passes its legs through the forciples to clean and lubricate their sensory hairs. “All those hairs need to be kept clean, so they groom pretty regularly,” said Edgecombe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And they’re methodical about it. “They groom down one side of the body and then the other,” he added. “When you interrupt them, they pick up where they left off.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New research from scientists in Germany has identified another way the house centipede may be repurposing some of its many limbs, this time at the other end of the body. The research focuses on the critter’s hindmost legs, which rival its frontal antennae in length.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931380\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1931380\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-underside-leg-groom-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A house centipede grooms its leg with its forciples. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists have long noticed that because of their length and the fact that the centipede holds them aloft when it walks, these back legs give the appearance of a second pair of antennae. The house centipede looks like it has two heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In evolution, when an animal imitates itself, it’s called automimicry. Automimicry occurs in some fish, birds and butterflies, and usually serves to divert predators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new research suggests that’s not the whole story with the house centipede. When Andy Sombke and Matthes Kenning from the University of Greifswald turned an electron microscope on the centipede’s legs, they found as many sensory hairs, or sensilla, on them as on the antennae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We asked whether these legs represented some kind of antennae at the back or the end of the body,” said Sombke by email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"mceTemp\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931382\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1931382\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/DL517-centipede-back-legs-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The house centipede’s back legs rival its front antennae in length. \u003ccite>(Kevin Collins)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The presence of so many sensory hairs suggests the centipede’s long back legs are not merely dummies used in a defensive ploy but serve a special function, possibly in mate selection. During courtship, both the male and female house centipede slowly raise and lower their antennae and back legs, followed by mutual tapping and probing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They do this whole ritual dance,” said Randy Mercurio, who runs Centipede Venom Pharm, a North Carolina-based firm that cultivates the venom of centipedes for scientific and medical research. The pairing is difficult to observe, he notes, because house centipedes are highly cannibalistic. His advice to anyone attempting to mate them: “Make sure they’re well fed.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1931366/the-house-centipede-is-fast-furious-and-hella-leggy",
"authors": [
"11090"
],
"series": [
"science_1935"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_30",
"science_40",
"science_86"
],
"tags": [
"science_1120",
"science_3370",
"science_804"
],
"featImg": "science_1931374",
"label": "science_1935"
},
"science_1931626": {
"type": "posts",
"id": "science_1931626",
"meta": {
"index": "posts_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1931626",
"score": null,
"sort": [
1537553660000
]
},
"parent": 0,
"labelTerm": {},
"blocks": [],
"publishDate": 1537553660,
"format": "standard",
"title": "Octopuses Got High On Molly. Here’s What Happened Next",
"headTitle": "Octopuses Got High On Molly. Here’s What Happened Next | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>One day in a lab, scientists gave MDMA to four octopuses. Do not try this at home.[contextly_sidebar id=”7hZ0uH2A1fCX3JloyuehbESNhhtXdF8s”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After putting the eight-legged sea creatures in beakers filled with dissolved ecstasy, scientists learned that the octopuses, known for their anti-social behavior, become more touchy-feely. This reaction suggests an evolutionary link between humans and octopuses through their social behavior, the scientists said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They reported their findings Thursday in \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(18)30991-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Current Biology\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Octopus intelligence rivals many mammals, and octopuses are the most behaviorally advanced invertebrates. Octopuses can complete mazes and escape from aquariums, but scientists previously believed that these cephalopods lack the social behaviors that often come in species with greater smarts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new study shows octopuses can exhibit similar social behaviors as humans with a little push from ecstasy, despite drastic differences in their brains. If combined in the future with gene sequencing, the research may reveal the evolution of social behavior across species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans and octopuses diverged evolutionarily 500 million years ago, and a lot has changed since. Besides the obvious additional limbs, or tentacles, lack of spine and affinity for water, octopuses have vastly different central nervous systems compared to humans. For one, octopuses grow most their nerve cells (neurons) in their arms, and as a result, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-mind-of-an-octopus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">can taste and touch things without their brains being involved\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in 2015, marine biologist Eric Edsinger \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14668\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">co-discovered a surprising genetic connection\u003c/a> between octopuses and humans. Genetic sequencing revealed that octopuses and humans share a nearly identical serotonin transporter, a protein that moves the chemical messenger serotonin between neurons.[contextly_sidebar id=”qXdxbMfD69G3GbyEpMAhFkiOzPSIvrr5″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serotonin transporters also mediate the psychological changes associated with taking ecstasy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were interested in the serotonin transporter because we knew that [it was] the principle binding site of MDMA,” said Gul Dolen, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University who co-authored today’s study with Edsinger. “If we focused in on the parts of the protein that are really important for serotonin binding, then the similarity [between humans and octopuses] was over 95 percent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931628\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1931628\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-1020x720.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-1020x720.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-800x565.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-768x542.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-960x678.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-240x169.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-375x265.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-520x367.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two-spotted Octopus, Octopus bimaculoides, portrait at Sea of Cortez, Baja California Mexico. \u003ccite>(Luis Javier Sandoval/VW Pics/UIG via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dolen and Edsinger, who works at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Massachusetts, designed a simple experiment. They gathered nine octopuses of the species Octopus bimaculoides, exposed four of the invertebrates to MDMA and watched if they became more social. They compared the behaviors of these drugged subjects to five sober octopuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wild, Octopus bimaculoides is only friendly for brief periods of time while mating. Unlike humans, lab mice and other mammals, octopuses lack a nucleus accumbens, any folded cortex whatsoever and reward circuits — parts of the brain associated with behavioral changes from drug use.[contextly_sidebar id=”gfwEw7FHGMXhH7MiIJ2VG7jW8rLqVHas”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molly seemed to change their behavior during testing. When a tripped-out octopus interacted with its caged counterpart, its caresses appeared to be more exploratory rather than aggressive. This observation mirrors the human behavior of becoming more \u003ca href=\"http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/drugs/ecstasy.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">social and touchy-feely\u003c/a> after taking ecstasy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cephalopods’ unexpected reactions to the drug shocked scientists, who didn’t expect such a shift in behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I found it incredibly fascinating. It fits in very nicely with a growing idea that there are lots of genetic mechanisms for social behaviors that are conserved across the animal kingdom,” said Robert Meisel, a neuroscientist at the University of Minnesota who was not involved with the study. “You will have animals that tend to live in isolation, and by something so simple as altering a chemical in the nervous system, you can change the behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
"stats": {
"hasVideo": false,
"hasChartOrMap": false,
"hasAudio": false,
"hasPolis": false,
"wordCount": 625,
"hasGoogleForm": false,
"hasGallery": false,
"hasHearkenModule": false,
"iframeSrcs": [],
"paragraphCount": 16
},
"modified": 1704927470,
"excerpt": "One day in a lab, scientists gave MDMA to four octopuses. Do not try this at home.",
"headData": {
"twImgId": "",
"twTitle": "",
"ogTitle": "",
"ogImgId": "",
"twDescription": "",
"description": "One day in a lab, scientists gave MDMA to four octopuses. Do not try this at home.",
"title": "Octopuses Got High On Molly. Here’s What Happened Next | KQED",
"ogDescription": "",
"schema": {
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@type": "Article",
"headline": "Octopuses Got High On Molly. Here’s What Happened Next",
"datePublished": "2018-09-21T11:14:20-07:00",
"dateModified": "2024-01-10T14:57:50-08:00",
"image": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png"
}
},
"guestAuthors": [],
"slug": "octopuses-got-high-on-molly-heres-what-happened-next",
"status": "publish",
"nprByline": "Jamie Leventhal, PBS NewsHour",
"sticky": false,
"source": "Animals",
"path": "/science/1931626/octopuses-got-high-on-molly-heres-what-happened-next",
"audioTrackLength": null,
"parsedContent": [
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>One day in a lab, scientists gave MDMA to four octopuses. Do not try this at home.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After putting the eight-legged sea creatures in beakers filled with dissolved ecstasy, scientists learned that the octopuses, known for their anti-social behavior, become more touchy-feely. This reaction suggests an evolutionary link between humans and octopuses through their social behavior, the scientists said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They reported their findings Thursday in \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(18)30991-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Current Biology\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Octopus intelligence rivals many mammals, and octopuses are the most behaviorally advanced invertebrates. Octopuses can complete mazes and escape from aquariums, but scientists previously believed that these cephalopods lack the social behaviors that often come in species with greater smarts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the new study shows octopuses can exhibit similar social behaviors as humans with a little push from ecstasy, despite drastic differences in their brains. If combined in the future with gene sequencing, the research may reveal the evolution of social behavior across species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
},
{
"type": "component",
"content": "",
"name": "ad",
"attributes": {
"named": {
"label": "fullwidth"
},
"numeric": [
"fullwidth"
]
}
},
{
"type": "contentString",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Humans and octopuses diverged evolutionarily 500 million years ago, and a lot has changed since. Besides the obvious additional limbs, or tentacles, lack of spine and affinity for water, octopuses have vastly different central nervous systems compared to humans. For one, octopuses grow most their nerve cells (neurons) in their arms, and as a result, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-mind-of-an-octopus/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">can taste and touch things without their brains being involved\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in 2015, marine biologist Eric Edsinger \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nature14668\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">co-discovered a surprising genetic connection\u003c/a> between octopuses and humans. Genetic sequencing revealed that octopuses and humans share a nearly identical serotonin transporter, a protein that moves the chemical messenger serotonin between neurons.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Serotonin transporters also mediate the psychological changes associated with taking ecstasy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were interested in the serotonin transporter because we knew that [it was] the principle binding site of MDMA,” said Gul Dolen, a neuroscientist at Johns Hopkins University who co-authored today’s study with Edsinger. “If we focused in on the parts of the protein that are really important for serotonin binding, then the similarity [between humans and octopuses] was over 95 percent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1931628\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1931628\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-1020x720.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"452\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-1020x720.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-800x565.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-768x542.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-960x678.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-240x169.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-375x265.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723-520x367.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2018/09/octopus_GettyImages-687143446-1024x723.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Two-spotted Octopus, Octopus bimaculoides, portrait at Sea of Cortez, Baja California Mexico. \u003ccite>(Luis Javier Sandoval/VW Pics/UIG via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dolen and Edsinger, who works at the Marine Biological Laboratory in Massachusetts, designed a simple experiment. They gathered nine octopuses of the species Octopus bimaculoides, exposed four of the invertebrates to MDMA and watched if they became more social. They compared the behaviors of these drugged subjects to five sober octopuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wild, Octopus bimaculoides is only friendly for brief periods of time while mating. Unlike humans, lab mice and other mammals, octopuses lack a nucleus accumbens, any folded cortex whatsoever and reward circuits — parts of the brain associated with behavioral changes from drug use.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Molly seemed to change their behavior during testing. When a tripped-out octopus interacted with its caged counterpart, its caresses appeared to be more exploratory rather than aggressive. This observation mirrors the human behavior of becoming more \u003ca href=\"http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/drugs/ecstasy.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">social and touchy-feely\u003c/a> after taking ecstasy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cephalopods’ unexpected reactions to the drug shocked scientists, who didn’t expect such a shift in behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I found it incredibly fascinating. It fits in very nicely with a growing idea that there are lots of genetic mechanisms for social behaviors that are conserved across the animal kingdom,” said Robert Meisel, a neuroscientist at the University of Minnesota who was not involved with the study. “You will have animals that tend to live in isolation, and by something so simple as altering a chemical in the nervous system, you can change the behavior.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
"attributes": {
"named": {},
"numeric": []
}
}
],
"link": "/science/1931626/octopuses-got-high-on-molly-heres-what-happened-next",
"authors": [
"byline_science_1931626"
],
"categories": [
"science_2874",
"science_35",
"science_40"
],
"tags": [
"science_3541",
"science_1479"
],
"featImg": "science_1931630",
"label": "source_science_1931626"
}
},
"podcastsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"podcasts": {}
},
"radioProgramsReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"radioPrograms": {}
},
"radioSearchSegmentsReducer": {},
"programsReducer": {
"all-things-considered": {
"id": "all-things-considered",
"title": "All Things Considered",
"info": "Every weekday, \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> hosts Robert Siegel, Audie Cornish, Ari Shapiro, and Kelly McEvers present the program's trademark mix of news, interviews, commentaries, reviews, and offbeat features. Michel Martin hosts on the weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 1pm-2pm, 4:30pm-6:30pm\u003cbr />SAT-SUN 5pm-6pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/All-Things-Considered-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/all-things-considered/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/all-things-considered"
},
"american-suburb-podcast": {
"id": "american-suburb-podcast",
"title": "American Suburb: The Podcast",
"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/American-Suburb-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 19
},
"link": "/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/RBrW",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=1287748328",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/American-Suburb-p1086805/",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/american-suburb-podcast/feed/podcast",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMzMDExODgxNjA5"
}
},
"baycurious": {
"id": "baycurious",
"title": "Bay Curious",
"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Bay Curious",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
"link": "/podcasts/baycurious",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/category/bay-curious-podcast/feed/podcast",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/9a90d476-aa04-455d-9a4c-0871ed6216d4/bay-curious",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/bay-curious",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6O76IdmhixfijmhTZLIJ8k"
}
},
"bbc-world-service": {
"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/global-news-podcast/id135067274?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-the-california-report/id79681292",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432285393/the-california-report",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-the-california-report-podcast-8838",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcram/feed/podcast"
}
},
"californiareportmagazine": {
"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Magazine-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report Magazine",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 10
},
"link": "/californiareportmagazine",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/564733126/the-california-report-magazine",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-california-report-magazine",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/tcrmag/feed/podcast"
}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
"tagline": "Your irreverent guide to the trends redefining our world",
"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/02/CAT_2_Tile-scaled.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Close All Tabs",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
"link": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/close-all-tabs/id214663465",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC6993880386",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/92d9d4ac-67a3-4eed-b10a-fb45d45b1ef2/close-all-tabs",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/6LAJFHnGK1pYXYzv6SIol6?si=deb0cae19813417c"
}
},
"code-switch-life-kit": {
"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
"airtime": "SUN 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Code-Switch-Life-Kit-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/1112190608?mt=2&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3bExJ9JQpkwNhoHvaIIuyV",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510312/podcast.xml"
}
},
"commonwealth-club": {
"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.commonwealthclub.org/podcasts",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Commonwealth-Club-of-California-p1060/"
}
},
"forum": {
"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/forum",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/kqeds-forum/id73329719",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432307980/forum",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqedfm-kqeds-forum-podcast",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9557381633"
}
},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/freakonomicsradio"
}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Fresh-Air-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/fresh-air/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Fresh-Air-p17/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
}
},
"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
"airtime": "MON-THU 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Here-And-Now-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://www.wbur.org/hereandnow",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/here-and-now",
"subsdcribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?mt=2&id=426698661",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Here--Now-p211/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/hiddenbrain.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/hidden-brain/id1028908750?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Science-Podcasts/Hidden-Brain-p787503/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510308/podcast.xml"
}
},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Arts--Culture-Podcasts/How-I-Built-This-p910896/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
}
},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
"imageAlt": "KQED Hyphenación",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/hyphenaci%C3%B3n/id1191591838",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
"youtube": "https://www.youtube.com/c/kqedarts",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/6c3dd23c-93fb-4aab-97ba-1725fa6315f1/hyphenaci%C3%B3n",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/790253322/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/jerrybrown/feed/podcast/",
"tuneIn": "http://tun.in/pjGcK",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/54C1dmuyFyKMFttY6X2j6r?si=K8SgRCoISNK6ZbjpXrX5-w",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/44420f75-3b0e-4301-ab3b-16da6b09e543/the-political-mind-of-jerry-brown"
}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/xtTd",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Latino-USA-p621/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201853034&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/APM-Marketplace-p88/",
"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mindshift-podcast/id1078765985",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/onourwatch",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0OLWoyizopu6tY1XiuX70x",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-Our-Watch-p1436229/",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id73801135",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
}
},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/M4f5",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Political Breakdown",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 5
},
"link": "/podcasts/politicalbreakdown",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/political-breakdown/id1327641087",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/e0c2d153-ad36-4c8d-901d-f1da6a724824/political-breakdown",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/572155894/political-breakdown",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/political-breakdown",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/07RVyIjIdk2WDuVehvBMoN",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/political-breakdown/feed/podcast"
}
},
"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/possible/id1677184070",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
}
},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pri.org/programs/the-world",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "PRI"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pri-the-world",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pris-the-world-latest-edition/id278196007?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/News--Politics-Podcasts/PRIs-The-World-p24/",
"rss": "http://feeds.feedburner.com/pri/theworld"
}
},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/radiolab1400.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/radiolab/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/radiolab",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/radiolab/id152249110?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/RadioLab-p68032/",
"rss": "https://feeds.wnyc.org/radiolab"
}
},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/reveal/id886009669",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Reveal-p679597/",
"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
}
},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Rightnowish-Podcast-Tile-500x500-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Rightnowish with Pendarvis Harshaw",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/721590300/rightnowish",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/programs/rightnowish/feed/podcast",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rightnowish/id1482187648",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/rightnowish",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkMxMjU5MTY3NDc4",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/7kEJuafTzTVan7B78ttz1I"
}
},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
"airtime": "FRI 11am-1pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Science-Friday-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/science-friday",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/science-friday",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=73329284&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Science-Friday-p394/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/science-friday"
}
},
"snap-judgment": {
"id": "snap-judgment",
"title": "Snap Judgment",
"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
"airtime": "SAT 1pm-2pm, 9pm-10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/05/Snap-Judgment-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Snap Judgment",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 4
},
"link": "https://snapjudgment.org",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/snap-judgment/id283657561",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/449018144/snap-judgment",
"stitcher": "https://www.pandora.com/podcast/snap-judgment/PC:241?source=stitcher-sunset",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3Cct7ZWmxHNAtLgBTqjC5v",
"rss": "https://snap.feed.snapjudgment.org/"
}
},
"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Sold-Out-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/soldout",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 13
},
"link": "/podcasts/soldout",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/911586047/s-o-l-d-o-u-t-a-new-future-for-housing",
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/introducing-sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america/id1531354937",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/soldout",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/38dTBSk2ISFoPiyYNoKn1X",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/sold-out-rethinking-housing-in-america",
"tunein": "https://tunein.com/radio/SOLD-OUT-Rethinking-Housing-in-America-p1365871/"
}
},
"spooked": {
"id": "spooked",
"title": "Spooked",
"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Spooked-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Spooked",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 7
},
"link": "https://spookedpodcast.org/",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/spooked/id1279361017",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/549547848/snap-judgment-presents-spooked",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/76571Rfl3m7PLJQZKQIGCT",
"rss": "https://feeds.simplecast.com/TBotaapn"
}
},
"tech-nation": {
"id": "tech-nation",
"title": "Tech Nation Radio Podcast",
"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
"airtime": "FRI 10pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Tech-Nation-Radio-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://technation.podomatic.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "science",
"source": "Tech Nation Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tech-nation",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://technation.podomatic.com/rss2.xml"
}
},
"ted-radio-hour": {
"id": "ted-radio-hour",
"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm, SAT 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/tedRadioHour.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/ted-radio-hour/?showDate=2018-06-22",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/ted-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/8vsS",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=523121474&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/TED-Radio-Hour-p418021/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510298/podcast.xml"
}
},
"thebay": {
"id": "thebay",
"title": "The Bay",
"tagline": "Local news to keep you rooted",
"info": "Host Devin Katayama walks you through the biggest story of the day with reporters and newsmakers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Bay-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Bay",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/thebay",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 2
},
"link": "/podcasts/thebay",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-bay/id1350043452",
"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/d800ea4c-7a2c-42f2-b861-edaf78a5db0b/the-bay",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/586725995/the-bay",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-bay",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/4BIKBKIujizLHlIlBNaAqQ",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC8259786327"
}
},
"thelatest": {
"id": "thelatest",
"title": "The Latest",
"tagline": "Trusted local news in real time",
"info": "",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/05/The-Latest-2025-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Latest",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/thelatest",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 6
},
"link": "/thelatest",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-latest-from-kqed/id1197721799",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/1257949365/the-latest-from-k-q-e-d",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/5KIIXMgM9GTi5AepwOYvIZ?si=bd3053fec7244dba",
"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC9137121918"
}
},
"theleap": {
"id": "theleap",
"title": "The Leap",
"tagline": "What if you closed your eyes, and jumped?",
"info": "Stories about people making dramatic, risky changes, told by award-winning public radio reporter Judy Campbell.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Leap-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The Leap",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/theleap",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 17
},
"link": "/podcasts/theleap",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-leap/id1046668171",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/447248267/the-leap",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/the-leap",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/3sSlVHHzU0ytLwuGs1SD1U",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/programs/the-leap/feed/podcast"
}
},
"the-moth-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-moth-radio-hour",
"title": "The Moth Radio Hour",
"info": "Since its launch in 1997, The Moth has presented thousands of true stories, told live and without notes, to standing-room-only crowds worldwide. Moth storytellers stand alone, under a spotlight, with only a microphone and a roomful of strangers. The storyteller and the audience embark on a high-wire act of shared experience which is both terrifying and exhilarating. Since 2008, The Moth podcast has featured many of our favorite stories told live on Moth stages around the country. For information on all of our programs and live events, visit themoth.org.",
"airtime": "SAT 8pm-9pm and SUN 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/theMoth.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://themoth.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "prx"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-moth-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-moth-podcast/id275699983?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/The-Moth-p273888/",
"rss": "http://feeds.themoth.org/themothpodcast"
}
},
"the-new-yorker-radio-hour": {
"id": "the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"title": "The New Yorker Radio Hour",
"info": "The New Yorker Radio Hour is a weekly program presented by the magazine's editor, David Remnick, and produced by WNYC Studios and The New Yorker. Each episode features a diverse mix of interviews, profiles, storytelling, and an occasional burst of humor inspired by the magazine, and shaped by its writers, artists, and editors. This isn't a radio version of a magazine, but something all its own, reflecting the rich possibilities of audio storytelling and conversation. Theme music for the show was composed and performed by Merrill Garbus of tUnE-YArDs.",
"airtime": "SAT 10am-11am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-New-Yorker-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/tnyradiohour",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-new-yorker-radio-hour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1050430296",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/New-Yorker-Radio-Hour-p803804/",
"rss": "https://feeds.feedburner.com/newyorkerradiohour"
}
},
"the-sam-sanders-show": {
"id": "the-sam-sanders-show",
"title": "The Sam Sanders Show",
"info": "One of public radio's most dynamic voices, Sam Sanders helped launch The NPR Politics Podcast and hosted NPR's hit show It's Been A Minute. Now, the award-winning host returns with something brand new, The Sam Sanders Show. Every week, Sam Sanders and friends dig into the culture that shapes our lives: what's driving the biggest trends, how artists really think, and even the memes you can't stop scrolling past. Sam is beloved for his way of unpacking the world and bringing you up close to fresh currents and engaging conversations. The Sam Sanders Show is smart, funny and always a good time.",
"airtime": "FRI 12-1pm AND SAT 11am-12pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/The-Sam-Sanders-Show-Podcast-Tile-400x400-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"meta": {
"site": "arts",
"source": "KCRW"
},
"link": "https://www.kcrw.com/shows/the-sam-sanders-show/latest",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feed.cdnstream1.com/zjb/feed/download/ac/28/59/ac28594c-e1d0-4231-8728-61865cdc80e8.xml"
}
},
"the-splendid-table": {
"id": "the-splendid-table",
"title": "The Splendid Table",
"info": "\u003cem>The Splendid Table\u003c/em> hosts our nation's conversations about cooking, sustainability and food culture.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Splendid-Table-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.splendidtable.org/",
"airtime": "SUN 10-11 pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/the-splendid-table"
},
"this-american-life": {
"id": "this-american-life",
"title": "This American Life",
"info": "This American Life is a weekly public radio show, heard by 2.2 million people on more than 500 stations. Another 2.5 million people download the weekly podcast. It is hosted by Ira Glass, produced in collaboration with Chicago Public Media, delivered to stations by PRX The Public Radio Exchange, and has won all of the major broadcasting awards.",
"airtime": "SAT 12pm-1pm, 7pm-8pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/thisAmericanLife.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "wbez"
},
"link": "/radio/program/this-american-life",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=201671138&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"rss": "https://www.thisamericanlife.org/podcast/rss.xml"
}
},
"tinydeskradio": {
"id": "tinydeskradio",
"title": "Tiny Desk Radio",
"info": "We're bringing the best of Tiny Desk to the airwaves, only on public radio.",
"airtime": "SUN 8pm and SAT 9pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/300x300-For-Member-Station-Logo-Tiny-Desk-Radio-@2x.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/g-s1-52030/tiny-desk-radio",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/tinydeskradio",
"subscribe": {
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/g-s1-52030/rss.xml"
}
},
"wait-wait-dont-tell-me": {
"id": "wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"title": "Wait Wait... Don't Tell Me!",
"info": "Peter Sagal and Bill Kurtis host the weekly NPR News quiz show alongside some of the best and brightest news and entertainment personalities.",
"airtime": "SUN 10am-11am, SAT 11am-12pm, SAT 6pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Wait-Wait-Podcast-Tile-300x300-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/wait-wait-dont-tell-me/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/wait-wait-dont-tell-me",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/Xogv",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=121493804&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/Wait-Wait-Dont-Tell-Me-p46/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/344098539/podcast.xml"
}
},
"weekend-edition-saturday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-saturday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Saturday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Saturday wraps up the week's news and offers a mix of analysis and features on a wide range of topics, including arts, sports, entertainment, and human interest stories. The two-hour program is hosted by NPR's Peabody Award-winning Scott Simon.",
"airtime": "SAT 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-saturday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-saturday"
},
"weekend-edition-sunday": {
"id": "weekend-edition-sunday",
"title": "Weekend Edition Sunday",
"info": "Weekend Edition Sunday features interviews with newsmakers, artists, scientists, politicians, musicians, writers, theologians and historians. The program has covered news events from Nelson Mandela's 1990 release from a South African prison to the capture of Saddam Hussein.",
"airtime": "SUN 5am-10am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Weekend-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/weekend-edition-sunday/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/weekend-edition-sunday"
}
},
"racesReducer": {},
"racesGenElectionReducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026Reducer": {},
"racesGenElection2026PresidentialReducer": {},
"radioSchedulesReducer": {},
"listsReducer": {
"posts/science?category=animals": {
"isFetching": false,
"latestQuery": {
"from": 300,
"size": 12
},
"vitalsOnly": false,
"totalRequested": 12,
"isLoading": false,
"isLoadingMore": true,
"total": {
"value": 476,
"relation": "eq"
},
"items": [
"science_1932901",
"science_1932993",
"science_1932591",
"science_1932072",
"science_1932298",
"science_1932026",
"science_1931935",
"science_1931779",
"science_1931694",
"science_1931720",
"science_1931366",
"science_1931626"
],
"complete": true
}
},
"recallGuideReducer": {
"intros": {},
"policy": {},
"candidates": {}
},
"savedArticleReducer": {
"articles": [],
"status": {}
},
"newslettersReducer": {
"isFetching": false,
"fetchFailed": false,
"hasFetched": false,
"newsletters": {},
"isSubscribing": false,
"isUnsubscribing": false,
"subscribedNewsletters": {}
},
"termsReducer": {
"about": {
"name": "About",
"type": "terms",
"id": "about",
"slug": "about",
"link": "/about",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"arts": {
"name": "Arts & Culture",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"description": "KQED Arts provides daily in-depth coverage of the Bay Area's music, art, film, performing arts, literature and arts news, as well as cultural commentary and criticism.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "arts",
"slug": "arts",
"link": "/arts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"artschool": {
"name": "Art School",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "artschool",
"slug": "artschool",
"link": "/artschool",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareabites": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareabites",
"slug": "bayareabites",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"bayareahiphop": {
"name": "Bay Area Hiphop",
"type": "terms",
"id": "bayareahiphop",
"slug": "bayareahiphop",
"link": "/bayareahiphop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"campaign21": {
"name": "Campaign 21",
"type": "terms",
"id": "campaign21",
"slug": "campaign21",
"link": "/campaign21",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"careers": {
"name": "Careers",
"type": "terms",
"id": "careers",
"slug": "careers",
"link": "/careers",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"checkplease": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "checkplease",
"slug": "checkplease",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"education": {
"name": "Education",
"grouping": [
"education"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "education",
"slug": "education",
"link": "/education",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"elections": {
"name": "Elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "elections",
"slug": "elections",
"link": "/elections",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"events": {
"name": "Events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "events",
"slug": "events",
"link": "/events",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"event": {
"name": "Event",
"alias": "events",
"type": "terms",
"id": "event",
"slug": "event",
"link": "/event",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"filmschoolshorts": {
"name": "Film School Shorts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "filmschoolshorts",
"slug": "filmschoolshorts",
"link": "/filmschoolshorts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"food": {
"name": "KQED food",
"grouping": [
"food",
"bayareabites",
"checkplease"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "food",
"slug": "food",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"forum": {
"name": "Forum",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/forum?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "forum",
"slug": "forum",
"link": "/forum",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"futureofyou": {
"name": "Future of You",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "futureofyou",
"slug": "futureofyou",
"link": "/futureofyou",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"jpepinheart": {
"name": "KQED food",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/food,bayareabites,checkplease",
"parent": "food",
"type": "terms",
"id": "jpepinheart",
"slug": "jpepinheart",
"link": "/food",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"liveblog": {
"name": "Live Blog",
"type": "terms",
"id": "liveblog",
"slug": "liveblog",
"link": "/liveblog",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"livetv": {
"name": "Live TV",
"parent": "tv",
"type": "terms",
"id": "livetv",
"slug": "livetv",
"link": "/livetv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"lowdown": {
"name": "The Lowdown",
"relatedContentQuery": "posts/lowdown?",
"parent": "news",
"type": "terms",
"id": "lowdown",
"slug": "lowdown",
"link": "/lowdown",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"mindshift": {
"name": "Mindshift",
"parent": "news",
"description": "MindShift explores the future of education by highlighting the innovative – and sometimes counterintuitive – ways educators and parents are helping all children succeed.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "mindshift",
"slug": "mindshift",
"link": "/mindshift",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"news": {
"name": "News",
"grouping": [
"news",
"forum"
],
"type": "terms",
"id": "news",
"slug": "news",
"link": "/news",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"newsletters": {
"name": "newsletters",
"type": "terms",
"id": "newsletters",
"slug": "newsletters",
"link": "/newsletters",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"perspectives": {
"name": "Perspectives",
"parent": "radio",
"type": "terms",
"id": "perspectives",
"slug": "perspectives",
"link": "/perspectives",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"podcasts": {
"name": "Podcasts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "podcasts",
"slug": "podcasts",
"link": "/podcasts",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pop": {
"name": "Pop",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pop",
"slug": "pop",
"link": "/pop",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"pressroom": {
"name": "Pressroom",
"type": "terms",
"id": "pressroom",
"slug": "pressroom",
"link": "/pressroom",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"quest": {
"name": "Quest",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "quest",
"slug": "quest",
"link": "/quest",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"radio": {
"name": "Radio",
"grouping": [
"forum",
"perspectives"
],
"description": "Listen to KQED Public Radio – home of Forum and The California Report – on 88.5 FM in San Francisco, 89.3 FM in Sacramento, 88.3 FM in Santa Rosa and 88.1 FM in Martinez.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "radio",
"slug": "radio",
"link": "/radio",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"root": {
"name": "KQED",
"image": "https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/2020/02/KQED-OG-Image@1x.png",
"imageWidth": 1200,
"imageHeight": 630,
"headData": {
"title": "KQED | News, Radio, Podcasts, TV | Public Media for Northern California",
"description": "KQED provides public radio, television, and independent reporting on issues that matter to the Bay Area. We’re the NPR and PBS member station for Northern California."
},
"type": "terms",
"id": "root",
"slug": "root",
"link": "/root",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science": {
"name": "Science",
"grouping": [
"science",
"futureofyou"
],
"description": "KQED Science brings you award-winning science and environment coverage from the Bay Area and beyond.",
"type": "terms",
"id": "science",
"slug": "science",
"link": "/science",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"stateofhealth": {
"name": "State of Health",
"parent": "science",
"type": "terms",
"id": "stateofhealth",
"slug": "stateofhealth",
"link": "/stateofhealth",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"support": {
"name": "Support",
"type": "terms",
"id": "support",
"slug": "support",
"link": "/support",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"thedolist": {
"name": "The Do List",
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "thedolist",
"slug": "thedolist",
"link": "/thedolist",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"trulyca": {
"name": "Truly CA",
"grouping": [
"arts",
"pop",
"trulyca"
],
"parent": "arts",
"type": "terms",
"id": "trulyca",
"slug": "trulyca",
"link": "/trulyca",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"tv": {
"name": "TV",
"type": "terms",
"id": "tv",
"slug": "tv",
"link": "/tv",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"voterguide": {
"name": "Voter Guide",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "voterguide",
"slug": "voterguide",
"link": "/voterguide",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"guiaelectoral": {
"name": "Guia Electoral",
"parent": "elections",
"alias": "elections",
"type": "terms",
"id": "guiaelectoral",
"slug": "guiaelectoral",
"link": "/guiaelectoral",
"taxonomy": "site"
},
"science_category_animals": {
"isLoading": true
},
"science_2874": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2874",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2874",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Animals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Animals Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2874,
"slug": "animals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/animals"
},
"source_science_1932901": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1932901",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Climate Change",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1932993": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1932993",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Animals",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1932298": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1932298",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Animals",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1932026": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1932026",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Animals",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1931935": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1931935",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Animals",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1931779": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1931779",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1931694": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1931694",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Environment",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1931720": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1931720",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Animals",
"isLoading": false
},
"source_science_1931626": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "source_science_1931626",
"meta": {
"override": true
},
"name": "Animals",
"isLoading": false
},
"science_31": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_31",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "31",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Climate",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Climate Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 33,
"slug": "climate",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/climate"
},
"science_35": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_35",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "35",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 37,
"slug": "environment",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/environment"
},
"science_40": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_40",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "40",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "News",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "News Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 42,
"slug": "news",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/news"
},
"science_1120": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1120",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1120",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "animals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "animals Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1128,
"slug": "animals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/animals"
},
"science_896": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_896",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "896",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Bees",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Bees Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 903,
"slug": "bees",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/bees"
},
"science_194": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_194",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "194",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "climate change",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "climate change Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 198,
"slug": "climate-change",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/climate-change"
},
"science_3370": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3370",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3370",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "featured",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "featured Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3370,
"slug": "featured",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/featured"
},
"science_157": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_157",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "157",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "insects",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "insects Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 161,
"slug": "insects",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/insects"
},
"science_39": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_39",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "39",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Health",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Health Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 41,
"slug": "health",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/health"
},
"science_664": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_664",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "664",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "disease",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "disease Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 670,
"slug": "disease",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/disease"
},
"science_192": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_192",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "192",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "environment",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "environment Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 196,
"slug": "environment-2",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/environment-2"
},
"science_1396": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1396",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1396",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "marine mammals",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "marine mammals Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1405,
"slug": "marine-mammals",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/marine-mammals"
},
"science_1935": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1935",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1935",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Deep Look",
"description": "[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpAc7SyETD4?rel=0&w=640&h=360]\r\n\r\n\u003cbr/>\r\n\r\n\u003ch2>About Deep Look\u003c/h2>\r\n\r\n[dl_subscribe]\r\n\r\n\u003cp>See the unseen at the very edge of our visible world. Get a new perspective on our place in the universe and meet extraordinary new friends. Explore big scientific mysteries by going incredibly small with Deep Look, a new ultra-HD (4K) short video series created by KQED San Francisco and presented by PBS Digital Studios.\u003c/p>\r\n\r\n\u003cp>Don't miss an episode! \u003ca href=\"http://goo.gl/8NwXqt\">SUBSCRIBE to Deep Look on YouTube.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\r\n",
"taxonomy": "series",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": "[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mpAc7SyETD4?rel=0&w=640&h=360] About Deep Look [dl_subscribe] See the unseen at the very edge of our visible world. Get a new perspective on our place in the universe and meet extraordinary new friends. Explore big scientific mysteries by going incredibly small with Deep Look, a new ultra-HD (4K) short video series created by KQED San Francisco and presented by PBS Digital Studios. Don't miss an episode! SUBSCRIBE to Deep Look on YouTube.",
"title": "Deep Look Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1946,
"slug": "deep-look",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/series/deep-look"
},
"science_2873": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2873",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2873",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Oceans",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Oceans Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2873,
"slug": "oceans",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/oceans"
},
"science_86": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_86",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "86",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Video",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Video Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 89,
"slug": "video",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/video"
},
"science_261": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_261",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "261",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "endangered species",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "endangered species Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 265,
"slug": "endangered-species",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/endangered-species"
},
"science_248": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_248",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "248",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "fish",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "fish Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 252,
"slug": "fish",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/fish"
},
"science_843": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_843",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "843",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "ocean",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "ocean Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 849,
"slug": "ocean",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/ocean"
},
"science_1479": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1479",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1479",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "octopus",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "octopus Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1488,
"slug": "octopus",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/octopus"
},
"science_30": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_30",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "30",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Biology",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Biology Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 32,
"slug": "biology",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/biology"
},
"science_29": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_29",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "29",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Chemistry",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Chemistry Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 31,
"slug": "chemistry",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/chemistry"
},
"science_37": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_37",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "37",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "Events",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "category",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "Events Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 39,
"slug": "events",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/category/events"
},
"science_747": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_747",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "747",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "algal blooms",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "algal blooms Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 754,
"slug": "algal-blooms",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/algal-blooms"
},
"science_3243": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3243",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3243",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "toxic algae",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "toxic algae Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3243,
"slug": "toxic-algae",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/toxic-algae"
},
"science_2164": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_2164",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "2164",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "greenhouse gas emissions",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "greenhouse gas emissions Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 2175,
"slug": "greenhouse-gas-emissions",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/greenhouse-gas-emissions"
},
"science_956": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_956",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "956",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "national park service",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "national park service Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 963,
"slug": "national-park-service",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/national-park-service"
},
"science_1349": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_1349",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "1349",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "national parks",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "national parks Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 1358,
"slug": "national-parks",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/national-parks"
},
"science_804": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_804",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "804",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "wildlife",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "wildlife Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 811,
"slug": "wildlife",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/wildlife"
},
"science_3541": {
"type": "terms",
"id": "science_3541",
"meta": {
"index": "terms_1716263798",
"site": "science",
"id": "3541",
"found": true
},
"relationships": {},
"featImg": null,
"name": "drugs",
"description": null,
"taxonomy": "tag",
"headData": {
"twImgId": null,
"twTitle": null,
"ogTitle": null,
"ogImgId": null,
"twDescription": null,
"description": null,
"title": "drugs Archives | KQED Science",
"ogDescription": null
},
"ttid": 3541,
"slug": "drugs",
"isLoading": false,
"link": "/science/tag/drugs"
}
},
"userPermissionsReducer": {
"wpLoggedIn": false
},
"eventsReducer": {},
"fssReducer": {},
"tvDailyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvWeeklyScheduleReducer": {},
"tvPrimetimeScheduleReducer": {},
"tvMonthlyScheduleReducer": {},
"userAccountReducer": {
"user": {
"email": null,
"emailStatus": "EMAIL_UNVALIDATED",
"loggedStatus": "LOGGED_OUT",
"loggingChecked": false,
"articles": [],
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"phoneNumber": null,
"fetchingMembership": false,
"membershipError": false,
"memberships": [
{
"id": null,
"startDate": null,
"firstName": null,
"lastName": null,
"familyNumber": null,
"memberNumber": null,
"memberSince": null,
"expirationDate": null,
"pfsEligible": false,
"isSustaining": false,
"membershipLevel": "Prospect",
"membershipStatus": "Non Member",
"lastGiftDate": null,
"renewalDate": null,
"lastDonationAmount": null
}
]
},
"authModal": {
"isOpen": false,
"view": "LANDING_VIEW"
},
"error": null
},
"youthMediaReducer": {},
"checkPleaseReducer": {
"filterData": {
"region": {
"key": "Restaurant Region",
"filters": [
"Any Region"
]
},
"cuisine": {
"key": "Restaurant Cuisine",
"filters": [
"Any Cuisine"
]
}
},
"restaurantDataById": {},
"restaurantIdsSorted": [],
"error": null
},
"userAgentReducer": {
"userAgent": "Mozilla/5.0 AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko; compatible; ClaudeBot/1.0; +claudebot@anthropic.com)",
"isBot": true
},
"requestOutcomesReducer": {
"notFound": []
}
}
