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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38099\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/16/making-women-partners-in-breast-cancer-research/cancercellsi640/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38099\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/CancerCellsI640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"breast cancer cells\" title=\"breast cancer cells\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38099\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cancer cells under a microscope. Colored stains mark different compartments in the cell. The nucleus is red and lysosomes (which break down waste) are purple. (Image: Carolin Zehetmeier, Morphosys AG, Germany)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dr. Susan Love thinks breast cancer researchers need to get over their addiction to rodents. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America’s most famous breast cancer surgeon started treating women some 30 years ago. “And we’re still doing the same thing we did when I started,” she told a crowd in San Francisco last month at the \u003ca href=\"http://sagecongress.org/\">Sage Bionetworks conference\u003c/a>, aimed at transforming biomedical research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Surgery radiation, chemotherapy, hormones, and now we’ve added a little bit of targeted therapies,” said Love, a clinical professor of surgery at UCLA. “We never subtract anything, mind you, we only add things on top. And our results are about the same.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/statistics/trends.htm\">breast cancer incidence and mortality\u003c/a> have decreased since 1998, by 1.3% and 2% respectively, more than 200,000 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer this year and more than 40,000 will die from it. Nearly 110 women die from breast cancer every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts think earlier detection and better treatments account for the decline in deaths, but screening carries risks. With mass screening comes overdiagnosis—that is, diagnosing a condition that would not prove symptomatic or fatal—and \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=bRKc7YqFNps\">with overdiagnosis comes overtreatment\u003c/a> and other potential harms (see video below). Screening technology can’t distinguish between aggressive and harmless tumors, which can shrink or even disappear on their own. Overdiagnosis will likely just increase as imaging technology finds smaller and smaller tumors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical experts acknowledged in an editorial in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.annals.org/content/156/7/536.full\">Annals of Internal Medicine\u003c/a> last month that it’s time to recognize overdiagnosis as a serious problem. Most patient-education materials don’t even mention overdiagnosis and most women aren’t aware of the possibility, the authors said. As they pointed out, and any woman knows, “the impact of a cancer diagnosis lasts a lifetime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to think of a physician who’s done more to acknowledge the trauma of breast cancer than the author of the best-selling “Dr. Susan Love’s Breast Book,” now in its fifth edition. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That book, along with Love's early refusal to accept the oxymoronic (emphasis on moronic) “early detection is your best prevention” mantra of mainstream cancer and advocacy organizations, won her a place of honor among frustrated breast cancer activists, who know all too well that if you can diagnose cancer, you haven't prevented it. Detecting it, by definition, means it's there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38139\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 245px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/16/making-women-partners-in-breast-cancer-research/louis-jacques_goussier_enzyklopadie_diderot_pl_xxix-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38139\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Louis-Jacques_Goussier_Enzyklop%C3%A4die_Diderot_Pl_XXIX2-245x360.jpg\" alt=\"breast cancer surgery tools\" title=\"breast cancer surgery tools\" width=\"245\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-38139\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The surgical tools used on breast cancer patients in the 18th century look gruesome, but aren't really so far removed from the \"slash, burn and poison\" approach to breast cancer today. (Illustration: Louis-Jacques Goussier)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Activists have long \u003ca href=\"http://bcaction.org/2007/02/21/from-the-executive-director-of-pills-prevention-and-politics/\">pushed researchers to shift their focus\u003c/a> from treatments and cures to true prevention. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite $4 billion spent on breast cancer research, researchers still don’t know what causes it or how to prevent it. Yet Love believes that the tools exist to “eradicate breast cancer within our lifetime” if we ask the right questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for decades, Love has helped shine the spotlight on causes, not cures, to spare women from that dreaded diagnosis. But that goal will remain elusive, she believes, as long as researchers keep studying the disease in rodents. That’s because mice and rats don’t get breast cancer. Researchers have to give it to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she’s been trying to wean researchers off rodents. “I can say this is a good study, you could do that in women, and they say, ‘Let me tell you about my rats.’ ” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet researchers can learn valuable insights into the origins of disease by comparing people with an illness to matched cohorts of healthy people, as the legendary \u003ca href=\"http://www.channing.harvard.edu/nhs/\">Nurses’ Health Study\u003c/a> has demonstrated for heart disease, diabetes and other conditions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding the causes and, ultimately, how to prevent breast cancer requires a radical shift in thinking, Love said. And that means that at least some researchers have to give up their rats and mice and start working with the people who get the disease. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers used to tell Love that even if they did want to study women, they didn’t know how to find them. But she knew that was the easy part. So for more than three years, the Dr. Susan Love Research Foundation has been recruiting an online \"army of women\" with a target of enrolling “one million women and a few good men.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38216\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/16/making-women-partners-in-breast-cancer-research/susan-love-unplugged/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38216\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Susan-Love-Unplugged-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"susan love at sage bionetworks\" title=\"Susan Love at Sage Bionetworks\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-38216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Susan Love spoke at the Sage Bionetworks conference in San Francisco last month. The Seattle-based nonprofit is dedicated to “moving beyond the current medical information system and its rewards.” \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Scientists come to us with studies that need people, and we e-blast them out to everybody in the army,” Love said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, they’ve recruited 365,000 women for about 60 studies. Seven in 10 of the women don’t have breast cancer, but are \"altruistic,” Love said. They’re willing to undergo unpleasant procedures to help researchers figure out root causes. In one study, women in the control group had to endure a sigmoidoscopy and a biopsy. And Love got more enrollees than researchers could use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of this summer, the foundation will be launching its own \u003ca href=\"http://www.armyofwomen.org/how_splash/pdf/HOW_2012.pdf\">Health of Women Study.\u003c/a> The large online breast cancer cohort study will follow women with and without a diagnosis to identify new risk factors. It will also follow breast cancer survivors to identify factors that predict long-term survival and consequences of different therapies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any woman over 18 \u003ca href=\"https://www.armyofwomen.org/getinvolved\">can register online\u003c/a> or with a mobile phone. (Men are welcome, too.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Love’s study will let participants suggest questions they’d like to see tested, because she thinks you don’t need a PhD to come up with a good idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She told her San Francisco audience that early theories about the cause of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/\">human papillomavirus\u003c/a> (HPV) came from observations of people who knew a man whose wife died of cervical cancer, and who then married a second woman who died of the same cancer. “They said, well maybe it’s the guy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then we figured out it was sexually transmitted, then we figured out it was a virus and now we have a vaccine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potentially, Love reminds us, “Everybody is a patient.” She thinks eliminating disease is something we should all do together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bRKc7YqFNps]”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Dr. Susan Love, breast cancer surgeon and women's health advocate, has long railed against cancer researchers' fixation on treatments and cures. After spending more than $4 billion on breast cancer research, we still don't know what causes the disease or how to prevent it. It's time to focus on looking for causes, she says. And she wants your help.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38099\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/16/making-women-partners-in-breast-cancer-research/cancercellsi640/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38099\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/CancerCellsI640-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"breast cancer cells\" title=\"breast cancer cells\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38099\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cancer cells under a microscope. Colored stains mark different compartments in the cell. The nucleus is red and lysosomes (which break down waste) are purple. (Image: Carolin Zehetmeier, Morphosys AG, Germany)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Dr. Susan Love thinks breast cancer researchers need to get over their addiction to rodents. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>America’s most famous breast cancer surgeon started treating women some 30 years ago. “And we’re still doing the same thing we did when I started,” she told a crowd in San Francisco last month at the \u003ca href=\"http://sagecongress.org/\">Sage Bionetworks conference\u003c/a>, aimed at transforming biomedical research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Surgery radiation, chemotherapy, hormones, and now we’ve added a little bit of targeted therapies,” said Love, a clinical professor of surgery at UCLA. “We never subtract anything, mind you, we only add things on top. And our results are about the same.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/cancer/breast/statistics/trends.htm\">breast cancer incidence and mortality\u003c/a> have decreased since 1998, by 1.3% and 2% respectively, more than 200,000 women will be diagnosed with breast cancer this year and more than 40,000 will die from it. Nearly 110 women die from breast cancer every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts think earlier detection and better treatments account for the decline in deaths, but screening carries risks. With mass screening comes overdiagnosis—that is, diagnosing a condition that would not prove symptomatic or fatal—and \u003ca href=\"http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=bRKc7YqFNps\">with overdiagnosis comes overtreatment\u003c/a> and other potential harms (see video below). Screening technology can’t distinguish between aggressive and harmless tumors, which can shrink or even disappear on their own. Overdiagnosis will likely just increase as imaging technology finds smaller and smaller tumors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical experts acknowledged in an editorial in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.annals.org/content/156/7/536.full\">Annals of Internal Medicine\u003c/a> last month that it’s time to recognize overdiagnosis as a serious problem. Most patient-education materials don’t even mention overdiagnosis and most women aren’t aware of the possibility, the authors said. As they pointed out, and any woman knows, “the impact of a cancer diagnosis lasts a lifetime.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to think of a physician who’s done more to acknowledge the trauma of breast cancer than the author of the best-selling “Dr. Susan Love’s Breast Book,” now in its fifth edition. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That book, along with Love's early refusal to accept the oxymoronic (emphasis on moronic) “early detection is your best prevention” mantra of mainstream cancer and advocacy organizations, won her a place of honor among frustrated breast cancer activists, who know all too well that if you can diagnose cancer, you haven't prevented it. Detecting it, by definition, means it's there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38139\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 245px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/16/making-women-partners-in-breast-cancer-research/louis-jacques_goussier_enzyklopadie_diderot_pl_xxix-3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38139\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Louis-Jacques_Goussier_Enzyklop%C3%A4die_Diderot_Pl_XXIX2-245x360.jpg\" alt=\"breast cancer surgery tools\" title=\"breast cancer surgery tools\" width=\"245\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-38139\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The surgical tools used on breast cancer patients in the 18th century look gruesome, but aren't really so far removed from the \"slash, burn and poison\" approach to breast cancer today. (Illustration: Louis-Jacques Goussier)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Activists have long \u003ca href=\"http://bcaction.org/2007/02/21/from-the-executive-director-of-pills-prevention-and-politics/\">pushed researchers to shift their focus\u003c/a> from treatments and cures to true prevention. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite $4 billion spent on breast cancer research, researchers still don’t know what causes it or how to prevent it. Yet Love believes that the tools exist to “eradicate breast cancer within our lifetime” if we ask the right questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for decades, Love has helped shine the spotlight on causes, not cures, to spare women from that dreaded diagnosis. But that goal will remain elusive, she believes, as long as researchers keep studying the disease in rodents. That’s because mice and rats don’t get breast cancer. Researchers have to give it to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she’s been trying to wean researchers off rodents. “I can say this is a good study, you could do that in women, and they say, ‘Let me tell you about my rats.’ ” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet researchers can learn valuable insights into the origins of disease by comparing people with an illness to matched cohorts of healthy people, as the legendary \u003ca href=\"http://www.channing.harvard.edu/nhs/\">Nurses’ Health Study\u003c/a> has demonstrated for heart disease, diabetes and other conditions. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding the causes and, ultimately, how to prevent breast cancer requires a radical shift in thinking, Love said. And that means that at least some researchers have to give up their rats and mice and start working with the people who get the disease. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers used to tell Love that even if they did want to study women, they didn’t know how to find them. But she knew that was the easy part. So for more than three years, the Dr. Susan Love Research Foundation has been recruiting an online \"army of women\" with a target of enrolling “one million women and a few good men.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38216\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/16/making-women-partners-in-breast-cancer-research/susan-love-unplugged/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38216\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Susan-Love-Unplugged-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"susan love at sage bionetworks\" title=\"Susan Love at Sage Bionetworks\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-38216\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Susan Love spoke at the Sage Bionetworks conference in San Francisco last month. The Seattle-based nonprofit is dedicated to “moving beyond the current medical information system and its rewards.” \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Scientists come to us with studies that need people, and we e-blast them out to everybody in the army,” Love said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, they’ve recruited 365,000 women for about 60 studies. Seven in 10 of the women don’t have breast cancer, but are \"altruistic,” Love said. They’re willing to undergo unpleasant procedures to help researchers figure out root causes. In one study, women in the control group had to endure a sigmoidoscopy and a biopsy. And Love got more enrollees than researchers could use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of this summer, the foundation will be launching its own \u003ca href=\"http://www.armyofwomen.org/how_splash/pdf/HOW_2012.pdf\">Health of Women Study.\u003c/a> The large online breast cancer cohort study will follow women with and without a diagnosis to identify new risk factors. It will also follow breast cancer survivors to identify factors that predict long-term survival and consequences of different therapies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any woman over 18 \u003ca href=\"https://www.armyofwomen.org/getinvolved\">can register online\u003c/a> or with a mobile phone. (Men are welcome, too.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Love’s study will let participants suggest questions they’d like to see tested, because she thinks you don’t need a PhD to come up with a good idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She told her San Francisco audience that early theories about the cause of \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/hpv/\">human papillomavirus\u003c/a> (HPV) came from observations of people who knew a man whose wife died of cervical cancer, and who then married a second woman who died of the same cancer. “They said, well maybe it’s the guy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And then we figured out it was sexually transmitted, then we figured out it was a virus and now we have a vaccine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Potentially, Love reminds us, “Everybody is a patient.” She thinks eliminating disease is something we should all do together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/15/tomorrow%e2%80%99s-science-illustrators-step-up-to-the-plate/lmundy_redeyedtreefrogs/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38242\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/LMundy_redeyedtreefrogs.jpg\" alt=\"Red-eyed Tree Frogs by Laurel Mundy.\" title=\"LMundy_redeyedtreefrogs\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38242\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/LMundy_redeyedtreefrogs.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/LMundy_redeyedtreefrogs-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/15/tomorrow%e2%80%99s-science-illustrators-step-up-to-the-plate/leafy-sea-dragon/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38248\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/leafy-sea-dragon-226x253.jpg\" alt=\"Leafy Sea Dragon by Natalia Wilkins\" title=\"leafy sea dragon\" width=\"226\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-38248\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science illustration began in a time when drawing was the only way to record the anatomy of a bird or the life stages of a flower. While it's charming to envision Darwin sketching in a field notebook, is illustration still useful today, when it seems every cell phone has an 8 MB camera with zoom, auto-focus, and image stabilization?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/15/tomorrow%e2%80%99s-science-illustrators-step-up-to-the-plate/justineshih-marimo/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38247\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/JustineShih-Marimo.jpg\" alt=\"JustineShih-Marimo\" title=\"JustineShih-Marimo\" width=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38247\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://scienceillustration.org/index.htm\" title=\"Science Illustration Program\">Science Illustration Certificate Program\u003c/a> at Cal State University, Monterey Bay, gives a resounding \"yes,\" and the success of its graduates lends credence to that answer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Illustration and photography are both powerful tools of modern science and education. There's nothing like a photo to record, for example, the unique identifying pattern on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.alaskahumpbacks.org/flukeIDcatalog.html\" title=\"Alaska Humpback Whale Fluke ID Catalog\">whale's flukes\u003c/a> as they make a fleeting appearance above the water. But an illustration is uniquely suited to convey the similarities and differences of all cetacean species in a \u003ca href=\"http://acsonline.org/shop-acs/whales-of-the-world-poster/\" title=\"ACS - Whales of the World\">comparative poster\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/15/tomorrow%e2%80%99s-science-illustrators-step-up-to-the-plate/50-bills-of-ardeinae-herons-jillian-walters/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38243\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/50-Bills-of-Ardeinae-Herons-Jillian-Walters-358x253.jpg\" alt=\"50-Bills of Ardeinae Herons-Jillian Walters\" title=\"50-Bills of Ardeinae Herons-Jillian Walters\" width=\"358\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-38243\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"Program\", as it is affectionately known, trains fifteen students every year in the skills of science illustration. Techniques range from the obvious, like graphite and watercolor, to things you've probably never heard of unless you're an artist, like coquille and scratchboard. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students also become adept with digital tools (but how many people can use Photoshop \u003cem>well\u003c/em>?). They learn to sketch in the field, to create \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompe-l'%C5%93il\" title=\"Trompe L'Oeil\">trompe l'oeil\u003c/a> compositions and to design infographics and interactive displays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CSUMB students complete their training with summer internships at magazines, museums, and parks. The Smithsonian is a popular destination. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/15/tomorrow%e2%80%99s-science-illustrators-step-up-to-the-plate/carter_alveoli/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38246\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Carter_Alveoli-226x169.jpg\" alt=\"Alveoli by Leigh Anne Carter\" title=\"Carter_Alveoli\" width=\"226\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38246\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some graduates may go on to regular employment, but the job of science illustrator is more often a freelance one these days. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/15/tomorrow%e2%80%99s-science-illustrators-step-up-to-the-plate/blueringprismacolor/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38249\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/BlueRingPrismacolor-307x360.jpg\" alt=\"Blue-Ringed Octopus by Meghan Rock\" title=\"BlueRingPrismacolor\" width=\"200\" class=\"size-large wp-image-38249\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have their work cut out for them. Once you start looking, you see science illustration everywhere: in aquariums and on hiking trails, in field guides and textbooks, in the doctor's office and even in legal briefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some truly spectacular examples can be seen right now on the walls of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pgmuseum.org/exhibits\" title=\"PG Museum Exhibits\">Pacific Grove Museum of Natural History\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Illustrating Nature,\" the Program’s end-of-year exhibit, is open until June 18th, and it's just as fun and educational as the \"Art of Nature\" show in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I learned that the \"lucky bamboo\" my aunt gave me at my wedding is actually not related to real bamboo at all, and that the novelist Vladimir Nabokov made a seminal discovery about the evolution of butterflies. Who knew?\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/15/tomorrow%e2%80%99s-science-illustrators-step-up-to-the-plate/lmundy_redeyedtreefrogs/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38242\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/LMundy_redeyedtreefrogs.jpg\" alt=\"Red-eyed Tree Frogs by Laurel Mundy.\" title=\"LMundy_redeyedtreefrogs\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38242\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/LMundy_redeyedtreefrogs.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/LMundy_redeyedtreefrogs-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/15/tomorrow%e2%80%99s-science-illustrators-step-up-to-the-plate/leafy-sea-dragon/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38248\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/leafy-sea-dragon-226x253.jpg\" alt=\"Leafy Sea Dragon by Natalia Wilkins\" title=\"leafy sea dragon\" width=\"226\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-38248\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science illustration began in a time when drawing was the only way to record the anatomy of a bird or the life stages of a flower. While it's charming to envision Darwin sketching in a field notebook, is illustration still useful today, when it seems every cell phone has an 8 MB camera with zoom, auto-focus, and image stabilization?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/15/tomorrow%e2%80%99s-science-illustrators-step-up-to-the-plate/justineshih-marimo/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38247\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/JustineShih-Marimo.jpg\" alt=\"JustineShih-Marimo\" title=\"JustineShih-Marimo\" width=\"200\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38247\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://scienceillustration.org/index.htm\" title=\"Science Illustration Program\">Science Illustration Certificate Program\u003c/a> at Cal State University, Monterey Bay, gives a resounding \"yes,\" and the success of its graduates lends credence to that answer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Illustration and photography are both powerful tools of modern science and education. There's nothing like a photo to record, for example, the unique identifying pattern on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.alaskahumpbacks.org/flukeIDcatalog.html\" title=\"Alaska Humpback Whale Fluke ID Catalog\">whale's flukes\u003c/a> as they make a fleeting appearance above the water. But an illustration is uniquely suited to convey the similarities and differences of all cetacean species in a \u003ca href=\"http://acsonline.org/shop-acs/whales-of-the-world-poster/\" title=\"ACS - Whales of the World\">comparative poster\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/15/tomorrow%e2%80%99s-science-illustrators-step-up-to-the-plate/50-bills-of-ardeinae-herons-jillian-walters/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38243\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/50-Bills-of-Ardeinae-Herons-Jillian-Walters-358x253.jpg\" alt=\"50-Bills of Ardeinae Herons-Jillian Walters\" title=\"50-Bills of Ardeinae Herons-Jillian Walters\" width=\"358\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-38243\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \"Program\", as it is affectionately known, trains fifteen students every year in the skills of science illustration. Techniques range from the obvious, like graphite and watercolor, to things you've probably never heard of unless you're an artist, like coquille and scratchboard. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students also become adept with digital tools (but how many people can use Photoshop \u003cem>well\u003c/em>?). They learn to sketch in the field, to create \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trompe-l'%C5%93il\" title=\"Trompe L'Oeil\">trompe l'oeil\u003c/a> compositions and to design infographics and interactive displays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CSUMB students complete their training with summer internships at magazines, museums, and parks. The Smithsonian is a popular destination. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/15/tomorrow%e2%80%99s-science-illustrators-step-up-to-the-plate/carter_alveoli/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38246\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Carter_Alveoli-226x169.jpg\" alt=\"Alveoli by Leigh Anne Carter\" title=\"Carter_Alveoli\" width=\"226\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38246\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some graduates may go on to regular employment, but the job of science illustrator is more often a freelance one these days. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/15/tomorrow%e2%80%99s-science-illustrators-step-up-to-the-plate/blueringprismacolor/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38249\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/BlueRingPrismacolor-307x360.jpg\" alt=\"Blue-Ringed Octopus by Meghan Rock\" title=\"BlueRingPrismacolor\" width=\"200\" class=\"size-large wp-image-38249\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have their work cut out for them. Once you start looking, you see science illustration everywhere: in aquariums and on hiking trails, in field guides and textbooks, in the doctor's office and even in legal briefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And some truly spectacular examples can be seen right now on the walls of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pgmuseum.org/exhibits\" title=\"PG Museum Exhibits\">Pacific Grove Museum of Natural History\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Illustrating Nature,\" the Program’s end-of-year exhibit, is open until June 18th, and it's just as fun and educational as the \"Art of Nature\" show in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I learned that the \"lucky bamboo\" my aunt gave me at my wedding is actually not related to real bamboo at all, and that the novelist Vladimir Nabokov made a seminal discovery about the evolution of butterflies. Who knew?\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>I’d like to switch places with \u003ca href=\"http://kipevansphotography.com/\">Kip Evans\u003c/a> for a few months. He’s a professional photographer, underwater explorer, and award-winning cinematographer from Pacific Grove, California and we are delighted to be featuring on QUEST an excerpt of his short film, “\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/MhiVfF-vM-g\" target=\"_blank\">Isla Holbox: Whale Shark Island\u003c/a>.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film is about an unusually large population of whale sharks that gathers off the coast of Mexico’s \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_Holbox\">Holbox Island\u003c/a> during the summer months to feed and mate. Narrated by marine biologist, Sylvia Earle, the film explores how the recent discovery of this population of whale sharks – the largest fish in the world- is shifting the economic focus of the surrounding area from fishing to eco-tourism. The film highlights the successes as well as the ecological concerns that have arisen from this transition. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37868\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 263px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Whale-Shark-Verticle-Feeding-Kip-Evans_MG_1393_21-263x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Whale Shark Verticle Feeding Kip Evans_MG_1393_2\" width=\"263\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-37868\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diver and whale shark vertical feeding. Photo by Kip Evans\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If I was actually able to switch places with Kip Evans, I’m not sure how he would feel about working at KQED and running the QUEST TV series. I’ll admit, my job is pretty much as cool as it gets for a Bay Area science geek and TV producer like me, but Evans's resume makes the day-to-day aspects of my job look downright mundane. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s an internationally known photographer who’s been widely published in books and magazines including National Geographic, Outside, Sea and Patagonia. He’s an underwater cinematographer and documentary producer who’s worked on shows for BBC, CNN, Discovery Channel and National Geographic. He’s also the Director of Photography and Expeditions for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sylviaearlealliance.org/\">Sylvia Earle Alliance\u003c/a> and has served for many years as the great marine biologist’s chief photographer and videographer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first became aware of Kip Evans's work in 2008 when I produced a QUEST TV story about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/profile-sylvia-earle/\">Sylvia Earle\u003c/a>. We only had about two hours to shoot an interview with Earle and that was all the time she could give us for the whole story. We normally shoot with the main subjects of our stories for two or three days in order to get enough footage to make a 10-minute story. So, because I had only a sit-down interview with Earle, I had to acquire all of the footage and photographs of her throughout her career. We were happy to locate Kip Evans and licensed some spectacular underwater footage and photographs from him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37799\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 377px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Sylvia-Earle-in-a-Deep-Rover_horiz-377x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Dr. Sylvia Earle in the Deep Rover submarine. \" width=\"377\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-37799\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Sylvia Earle in the Deep Rover submarine. Photo by Kip Evans\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, when I was thinking about who we could feature in our new segment, “Your Videos on QUEST,” where we feature the work Bay Area filmmakers who tell science, environment and nature stories, I immediately thought of Evans. I feel lucky that he answered the phone when I first called because it seems that he’s often traveling around the world to shoot photographs and video about what he and Sylvia Earle call “Hope Spots”- places that are critically in need of protection and conservation because they are vital to saving what’s left of the planet’s oceans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was in college studying biology and cinema production, my dream was to one day, travel the world as a cinematographer shooting films and TV shows about science and nature. I’m not at all disappointed with where I ended up but I realize that one of the most special things about my job is that I get to meet people like Kip Evans and Sylvia Earle and showcase the important work they are doing to protect the environment. I suppose it’s the next best thing to being them. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Kip Evans is a natural history documentary filmmaker and photographer from Pacific Grove, California. This is an excerpt of his short film, “Isla Holbox: Whale Shark Island.\"\r\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I’d like to switch places with \u003ca href=\"http://kipevansphotography.com/\">Kip Evans\u003c/a> for a few months. He’s a professional photographer, underwater explorer, and award-winning cinematographer from Pacific Grove, California and we are delighted to be featuring on QUEST an excerpt of his short film, “\u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/MhiVfF-vM-g\" target=\"_blank\">Isla Holbox: Whale Shark Island\u003c/a>.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The film is about an unusually large population of whale sharks that gathers off the coast of Mexico’s \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_Holbox\">Holbox Island\u003c/a> during the summer months to feed and mate. Narrated by marine biologist, Sylvia Earle, the film explores how the recent discovery of this population of whale sharks – the largest fish in the world- is shifting the economic focus of the surrounding area from fishing to eco-tourism. The film highlights the successes as well as the ecological concerns that have arisen from this transition. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37868\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 263px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Whale-Shark-Verticle-Feeding-Kip-Evans_MG_1393_21-263x360.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Whale Shark Verticle Feeding Kip Evans_MG_1393_2\" width=\"263\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-37868\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Diver and whale shark vertical feeding. Photo by Kip Evans\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If I was actually able to switch places with Kip Evans, I’m not sure how he would feel about working at KQED and running the QUEST TV series. I’ll admit, my job is pretty much as cool as it gets for a Bay Area science geek and TV producer like me, but Evans's resume makes the day-to-day aspects of my job look downright mundane. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s an internationally known photographer who’s been widely published in books and magazines including National Geographic, Outside, Sea and Patagonia. He’s an underwater cinematographer and documentary producer who’s worked on shows for BBC, CNN, Discovery Channel and National Geographic. He’s also the Director of Photography and Expeditions for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sylviaearlealliance.org/\">Sylvia Earle Alliance\u003c/a> and has served for many years as the great marine biologist’s chief photographer and videographer. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I first became aware of Kip Evans's work in 2008 when I produced a QUEST TV story about \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/profile-sylvia-earle/\">Sylvia Earle\u003c/a>. We only had about two hours to shoot an interview with Earle and that was all the time she could give us for the whole story. We normally shoot with the main subjects of our stories for two or three days in order to get enough footage to make a 10-minute story. So, because I had only a sit-down interview with Earle, I had to acquire all of the footage and photographs of her throughout her career. We were happy to locate Kip Evans and licensed some spectacular underwater footage and photographs from him. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37799\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 377px\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Sylvia-Earle-in-a-Deep-Rover_horiz-377x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Dr. Sylvia Earle in the Deep Rover submarine. \" width=\"377\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-37799\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Sylvia Earle in the Deep Rover submarine. Photo by Kip Evans\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So, when I was thinking about who we could feature in our new segment, “Your Videos on QUEST,” where we feature the work Bay Area filmmakers who tell science, environment and nature stories, I immediately thought of Evans. I feel lucky that he answered the phone when I first called because it seems that he’s often traveling around the world to shoot photographs and video about what he and Sylvia Earle call “Hope Spots”- places that are critically in need of protection and conservation because they are vital to saving what’s left of the planet’s oceans. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I was in college studying biology and cinema production, my dream was to one day, travel the world as a cinematographer shooting films and TV shows about science and nature. I’m not at all disappointed with where I ended up but I realize that one of the most special things about my job is that I get to meet people like Kip Evans and Sylvia Earle and showcase the important work they are doing to protect the environment. I suppose it’s the next best thing to being them. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Heron Spotting in Golden Gate Park",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38018\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/14/heron-spotting-in-golden-gate-park/heron_gopher2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38018\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/heron_gopher2-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"gopher-hunting heron\" title=\"heron_gopher2\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-38018\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nature's gopher control, the Great Blue Heron, photographed in Bolinas by Ryan DiGaudio.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's a sight to behold: an elegant four-foot tall heron slowly stalking across the field above the Big Rec baseball diamonds in Golden Gate Park. Suddenly, from a motionless stance, it strikes out and nabs an unsuspecting pocket gopher, swallowing it whole. If you've seen it happen, you won't soon forget it, and if not, this is a prime time for heron sightings. Why? Because up at Stow Lake, they have nests full of hungry mouths to feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://birds.audubon.org/species/greblu1\">\u003cstrong>Great Blue Herons\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> are solitary birds for most of the year, but when mating season arrives in the spring, they pair off and build nests close to one another. Assuming they were successful the previous year, the same pair will often mate year after year, raising chicks in \u003ca href=\"http://www.chilliwackblueheron.com/wildlife/herons-nesting.html\">saucer-shaped nests\u003c/a> that range from 1.5 to 4 feet across. Nests used over and over (like those at Stow Lake) tend to be on the larger end of the size scale. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday morning, volunteers at \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfnature.org/\">San Francisco Nature Education\u003c/a> had a series of spotting scopes set up just to the right of \u003ca href=\"http://sfrecpark.org/StowLake.aspx\">Stow Lake's\u003c/a> boathouse, trained on Heron Island’s towering treetops. The scene was action-packed. Adult herons swooped through the air, chasing one another away from their nests, and every so often the chicks could be seen between tree branches strutting around their nests. Observers estimate the four nesting pairs produced six chicks, which hatched in early April and are now about six weeks old. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38021\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/14/heron-spotting-in-golden-gate-park/herons-in-tree2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38021\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/herons-in-tree2.jpg\" alt=\"herons in tree\" title=\"herons in tree2\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38021\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/herons-in-tree2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/herons-in-tree2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On Stow Lake's Heron Island, parents keep watch over young chicks. The large nest in the lower-center part of the photo contains two chicks whose heads are behind a tree branch.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Heron chicks hatch from eggs slightly bigger than a chicken’s and grow to full size in just 10-12 weeks. That means mom and dad are busy around the clock hunting and regurgitating partially digested food for their rapidly growing young to eat. Soon, the chicks will begin flapping from one branch to another and at about eight weeks old, they will be ready to fledge, taking their first flights from the nest. Just a few short weeks later, parents and chicks will part ways. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"float:right;margin-left:20px;margin-bottom:20px\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38022\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/14/heron-spotting-in-golden-gate-park/baby-heron-with-eggs_2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38022\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/baby-heron-with-eggs_2-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"heron chick with eggs\" title=\"baby heron with eggs_2\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38022\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When Great Blue Heron chicks hatch, they have bluish eyes and are covered in covered in pale gray down. Photo credit: Glenn and Martha Vargas, California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Hunting herons will eat just about anything within striking distance, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, small mammals, insects, and other birds. Their S-shaped neck allows them to strike with a spring-like power (up to 90 miles per hour), and underneath those feathers is a curious anatomic design. In a human neck, the esophagus runs parallel to our vertebral column, but in a heron's neck, the two cross one another, creating a \u003ca href=\"http://www.globalgiving.org/photo/PRA21800/head-and-neck-of-great-blue-heron-photo-from-progress-r/\">speed bump in the swallowing process\u003c/a>. When a meal hits the crux of the \"S,\" a heron will often do a series of maneuvers to help shift its meal past the obstacle. It sounds uncomfortable to me, but this design helps protect the delicate esophagus from potential damage to the front of the bird's neck. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"float:left;margin-right:20px;margin-bottom:20px\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38023\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/14/heron-spotting-in-golden-gate-park/observers2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38023\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/observers2-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Heron Watch\" title=\"observers2\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38023\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Find \"Heron Watch\" just to the right of the boathouse at Stow Lake on Saturday, May 19.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Herons can be seen in Golden Gate Park year-round, though individuals are thought to come and go. This year’s chicks and their parents should be visible at Stow Lake's Heron Island until mid-late June, but if you want the benefit of San Francisco Nature Education’s naturalists and spotting scopes at your disposal, \u003cstrong>don't miss the final \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfnature.org/programs/heron_watch.html\">\"Heron Watch\" program on Saturday, May 19\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>. Founder Nancy DeStefanis first started documenting the birds’ nesting behavior at Stow Lake in 1993, and now runs a series of interpretive bird walks, field trips, and observation sessions to educate school kids and locals about birds and local ecology. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "It's prime time for Great Blue Heron viewing at Golden Gate Park's Stow Lake. Visit in the next couple of weeks to see newly-hatched chicks learning to fly. Heron chicks hatch from eggs that are slightly bigger than a chicken’s and grow to full size in just 10-12 weeks. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38018\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/14/heron-spotting-in-golden-gate-park/heron_gopher2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38018\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/heron_gopher2-640x360.jpg\" alt=\"gopher-hunting heron\" title=\"heron_gopher2\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-38018\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Nature's gopher control, the Great Blue Heron, photographed in Bolinas by Ryan DiGaudio.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>It's a sight to behold: an elegant four-foot tall heron slowly stalking across the field above the Big Rec baseball diamonds in Golden Gate Park. Suddenly, from a motionless stance, it strikes out and nabs an unsuspecting pocket gopher, swallowing it whole. If you've seen it happen, you won't soon forget it, and if not, this is a prime time for heron sightings. Why? Because up at Stow Lake, they have nests full of hungry mouths to feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://birds.audubon.org/species/greblu1\">\u003cstrong>Great Blue Herons\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> are solitary birds for most of the year, but when mating season arrives in the spring, they pair off and build nests close to one another. Assuming they were successful the previous year, the same pair will often mate year after year, raising chicks in \u003ca href=\"http://www.chilliwackblueheron.com/wildlife/herons-nesting.html\">saucer-shaped nests\u003c/a> that range from 1.5 to 4 feet across. Nests used over and over (like those at Stow Lake) tend to be on the larger end of the size scale. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday morning, volunteers at \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfnature.org/\">San Francisco Nature Education\u003c/a> had a series of spotting scopes set up just to the right of \u003ca href=\"http://sfrecpark.org/StowLake.aspx\">Stow Lake's\u003c/a> boathouse, trained on Heron Island’s towering treetops. The scene was action-packed. Adult herons swooped through the air, chasing one another away from their nests, and every so often the chicks could be seen between tree branches strutting around their nests. Observers estimate the four nesting pairs produced six chicks, which hatched in early April and are now about six weeks old. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38021\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/14/heron-spotting-in-golden-gate-park/herons-in-tree2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38021\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/herons-in-tree2.jpg\" alt=\"herons in tree\" title=\"herons in tree2\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-38021\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/herons-in-tree2.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/herons-in-tree2-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">On Stow Lake's Heron Island, parents keep watch over young chicks. The large nest in the lower-center part of the photo contains two chicks whose heads are behind a tree branch.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Heron chicks hatch from eggs slightly bigger than a chicken’s and grow to full size in just 10-12 weeks. That means mom and dad are busy around the clock hunting and regurgitating partially digested food for their rapidly growing young to eat. Soon, the chicks will begin flapping from one branch to another and at about eight weeks old, they will be ready to fledge, taking their first flights from the nest. Just a few short weeks later, parents and chicks will part ways. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"float:right;margin-left:20px;margin-bottom:20px\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38022\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/14/heron-spotting-in-golden-gate-park/baby-heron-with-eggs_2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38022\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/baby-heron-with-eggs_2-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"heron chick with eggs\" title=\"baby heron with eggs_2\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38022\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">When Great Blue Heron chicks hatch, they have bluish eyes and are covered in covered in pale gray down. Photo credit: Glenn and Martha Vargas, California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Hunting herons will eat just about anything within striking distance, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, small mammals, insects, and other birds. Their S-shaped neck allows them to strike with a spring-like power (up to 90 miles per hour), and underneath those feathers is a curious anatomic design. In a human neck, the esophagus runs parallel to our vertebral column, but in a heron's neck, the two cross one another, creating a \u003ca href=\"http://www.globalgiving.org/photo/PRA21800/head-and-neck-of-great-blue-heron-photo-from-progress-r/\">speed bump in the swallowing process\u003c/a>. When a meal hits the crux of the \"S,\" a heron will often do a series of maneuvers to help shift its meal past the obstacle. It sounds uncomfortable to me, but this design helps protect the delicate esophagus from potential damage to the front of the bird's neck. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"float:left;margin-right:20px;margin-bottom:20px\">\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_38023\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/14/heron-spotting-in-golden-gate-park/observers2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-38023\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/observers2-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"Heron Watch\" title=\"observers2\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-38023\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Find \"Heron Watch\" just to the right of the boathouse at Stow Lake on Saturday, May 19.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Herons can be seen in Golden Gate Park year-round, though individuals are thought to come and go. This year’s chicks and their parents should be visible at Stow Lake's Heron Island until mid-late June, but if you want the benefit of San Francisco Nature Education’s naturalists and spotting scopes at your disposal, \u003cstrong>don't miss the final \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfnature.org/programs/heron_watch.html\">\"Heron Watch\" program on Saturday, May 19\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>. Founder Nancy DeStefanis first started documenting the birds’ nesting behavior at Stow Lake in 1993, and now runs a series of interpretive bird walks, field trips, and observation sessions to educate school kids and locals about birds and local ecology. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/14/personalized-medicine/pills/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37481\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Pills.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Pills\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\" class=\"size-full wp-image-37481\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Pills.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Pills-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">We've taken another baby step away from the current one size fits all health care system.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We may finally be at the threshold of the age of personalized medicine. In a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22424236\">study\u003c/a>, scientists were able to predict that a man was at a higher risk for developing Type 2 diabetes and over a two-year period tracked his health as he developed the disease. And even better, because they caught it so early, they were able to stave off the diabetes with lifestyle changes. This man’s glucose levels have returned to normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wow. This story highlights the promise of at least one aspect of personalized medicine. By looking at someone’s DNA, you can predict what might go wrong with someone and so keep an eye out for early symptoms. Or maybe even start out with the right lifestyle changes that will keep the disease from developing in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study also showed that intensely studying a single person can yield potential benefits for lots of other people. The researchers saw that just before the test subject’s glucose levels spiked, he had a viral infection. No one was really looking for viruses that trigger Type 2 diabetes in people. Now they will. (Keep in mind we don’t yet know if the two are connected or if it was just a coincidence.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also points to the obstacles we still need to overcome to realize the full potential of personalized medicine. The top ones I could think of off the top of my head are our own ignorance, the inconvenience, the expense, and our lack of willpower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers were able to predict an increased risk for diabetes as well as an increased risk for high triglycerides but very little else. There is certainly more information lurking in his DNA…we just don’t understand our DNA well enough to tease it out yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37488\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/14/personalized-medicine/personalpill/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37488\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/PersonalPill.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"PersonalPill\" width=\"250\" height=\"302\" class=\"size-full wp-image-37488\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Soon your treatments will be tailored for you based on at least partly on what's in your DNA.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another related issue is whether we actually do know enough to make good predictions or if we just got lucky here. In other words, was his developing Type 2 diabetes a coincidence or was he really at a higher risk for getting it? He didn’t have any classic risk factors but given that so many people in the U.S. have the disease, it could have been chance. Doing many more studies on lots of different people should give us some idea about how predictive our DNA really is right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides our still sketchy knowledge, we also have to deal with the expense and inconvenience of this form of personalized medicine. The test subject had over twenty blood draws over a two year period that each looked at tens of thousands of different things. Not many people would put up with so many blood draws. And the expense of looking at all those different molecules is prohibitively expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A better knowledge of our risks can help with the second point. Once we understand our DNA better and so know what are most likely risks are, we’ll be able to test for fewer molecules which should make the whole thing more affordable. This may also solve the first problem too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe in the future we’ll look at few enough molecules or the tests will be sensitive enough to get the information we need from a simple finger prick. Then we’d all be like folks with diabetes, self testing our blood on a regular basis. And hopefully in the more distant future, we’ll have some sort of implant that reads the information for us automatically without the need for a blood draw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these are technical hurdles that will almost certainly be overcome at some point. The last obstacle, though, is much more difficult. It deals with human nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason this is such a powerful story is that the test subject was able to get his glucose under control without the use of medicines. This is not only good for him but it suggests that this form of personalized medicine may prove to be cost effective sooner rather than later. Keeping his Type 2 diabetes at bay will probably save tons of money over his life time. Perhaps even enough to justify the cost of his testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to control his glucose levels, he had to make radical changes to his diet and exercise regime. He had to eat a whole lot less sugar and fat and exercise a lot more. Sound familiar?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone should be doing this stuff anyway but most of us don’t. Will we have the willpower to realize the full potential of personalized medicine? Or will things pretty much stay the same except with more frequent scolding from our doctors? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, catching a disease early and getting patients their medications early when it could do the most good is obviously wonderful too. Just not as cost effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xbjqHj_J0is]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What a visit to the doctor in the near future might look like.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37481\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/14/personalized-medicine/pills/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37481\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Pills.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Pills\" width=\"640\" height=\"361\" class=\"size-full wp-image-37481\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Pills.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Pills-400x226.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">We've taken another baby step away from the current one size fits all health care system.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We may finally be at the threshold of the age of personalized medicine. In a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22424236\">study\u003c/a>, scientists were able to predict that a man was at a higher risk for developing Type 2 diabetes and over a two-year period tracked his health as he developed the disease. And even better, because they caught it so early, they were able to stave off the diabetes with lifestyle changes. This man’s glucose levels have returned to normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wow. This story highlights the promise of at least one aspect of personalized medicine. By looking at someone’s DNA, you can predict what might go wrong with someone and so keep an eye out for early symptoms. Or maybe even start out with the right lifestyle changes that will keep the disease from developing in the first place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This study also showed that intensely studying a single person can yield potential benefits for lots of other people. The researchers saw that just before the test subject’s glucose levels spiked, he had a viral infection. No one was really looking for viruses that trigger Type 2 diabetes in people. Now they will. (Keep in mind we don’t yet know if the two are connected or if it was just a coincidence.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also points to the obstacles we still need to overcome to realize the full potential of personalized medicine. The top ones I could think of off the top of my head are our own ignorance, the inconvenience, the expense, and our lack of willpower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers were able to predict an increased risk for diabetes as well as an increased risk for high triglycerides but very little else. There is certainly more information lurking in his DNA…we just don’t understand our DNA well enough to tease it out yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37488\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/14/personalized-medicine/personalpill/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37488\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/PersonalPill.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"PersonalPill\" width=\"250\" height=\"302\" class=\"size-full wp-image-37488\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Soon your treatments will be tailored for you based on at least partly on what's in your DNA.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another related issue is whether we actually do know enough to make good predictions or if we just got lucky here. In other words, was his developing Type 2 diabetes a coincidence or was he really at a higher risk for getting it? He didn’t have any classic risk factors but given that so many people in the U.S. have the disease, it could have been chance. Doing many more studies on lots of different people should give us some idea about how predictive our DNA really is right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides our still sketchy knowledge, we also have to deal with the expense and inconvenience of this form of personalized medicine. The test subject had over twenty blood draws over a two year period that each looked at tens of thousands of different things. Not many people would put up with so many blood draws. And the expense of looking at all those different molecules is prohibitively expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A better knowledge of our risks can help with the second point. Once we understand our DNA better and so know what are most likely risks are, we’ll be able to test for fewer molecules which should make the whole thing more affordable. This may also solve the first problem too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe in the future we’ll look at few enough molecules or the tests will be sensitive enough to get the information we need from a simple finger prick. Then we’d all be like folks with diabetes, self testing our blood on a regular basis. And hopefully in the more distant future, we’ll have some sort of implant that reads the information for us automatically without the need for a blood draw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of these are technical hurdles that will almost certainly be overcome at some point. The last obstacle, though, is much more difficult. It deals with human nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason this is such a powerful story is that the test subject was able to get his glucose under control without the use of medicines. This is not only good for him but it suggests that this form of personalized medicine may prove to be cost effective sooner rather than later. Keeping his Type 2 diabetes at bay will probably save tons of money over his life time. Perhaps even enough to justify the cost of his testing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to control his glucose levels, he had to make radical changes to his diet and exercise regime. He had to eat a whole lot less sugar and fat and exercise a lot more. Sound familiar?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone should be doing this stuff anyway but most of us don’t. Will we have the willpower to realize the full potential of personalized medicine? Or will things pretty much stay the same except with more frequent scolding from our doctors? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, catching a disease early and getting patients their medications early when it could do the most good is obviously wonderful too. Just not as cost effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/xbjqHj_J0is'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/xbjqHj_J0is'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What a visit to the doctor in the near future might look like.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37252\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/FireRollover_640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/FireRollover_640x360.jpg\" alt=\"A rollover fire, viewed from inside the Oakland Fire Department's burn trailer.\" title=\"FireRollover_640x360\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-37252\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/FireRollover_640x360.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/FireRollover_640x360-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view from inside the Oakland Fire Department's burn trailer during a rollover fire. Photograph courtesy of Kara Platoni.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Looking back, the only field trip that stands out from my grade school days was our trip to the San Francisco \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/\">Exploratorium\u003c/a>. What I remember best is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/tactile_dome/\" title=\"SF Exploratorium Tactile Dome\">tactile dome\u003c/a>. I entered into total darkness and spent the next hour feeling, crawling and sliding my way through a 3-D maze. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That excursion was fairly tame compared to the exploits Kara Platoni, Eric Simons, and Casey Miner take on for their podcast series, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fieldtrippodcast.com/\" title=\"The Field Trip Podcast\">The Field Trip\u003c/a>, which broadcasts their science adventures out in the real world. For their first series that debuted last year, they explored fermentation by visiting the Cultured Pickle Shop, climbed into the Oakland Fire Department’s burn trailer for a kitchen fire simulation, interviewed a commercial salmon fisherman on his boat in the Berkeley Marina and followed a NASA crew at the bottom of a lakebed in Canada for their research study on Mars. To add a little more intellectual rigor to their adventures, they also interviewed an expert guest in their radio studio for each episode. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think our strong suit is going places, learning new things and being a proxy for the listener,” explained Kara Platoni. “We didn’t know of any other show where it was about going out and having a science adventure.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As friends and UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism colleagues, the genuine personal chemistry of this trio is evident in their podcasts and blogs. They're definitely having fun on their adventures while taking advantage of the wealth of knowledge and opportunities offered by scientists in the Bay Area -- and the listener is invited to tag along. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studio interview segments are loosely scripted, but the field trips are taped live. The key to making this work is the trio’s insatiable curiosity for science. After lots of preparation, they just go out and ask the questions that interest them in a humorous and spontaneous way that engages their listeners. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When selecting topics for their episodes, they focus on stories that take science out of the laboratory. “Our ideal narrator for the field trip is someone whose life just embodies science everyday. It is part of their job, hobby and home,” explained Platoni, “so we can show people how science is something that happens in your everyday life, not just something that happens in school.” Casey Miner added, “And it should be fun, interesting, weird or gross.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their field trips will continue with a second series this spring and cover the diverse topics of coffee, taxidermy, telescopes and local inventors. One upcoming episode on telescopes will visit the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/observatories.htm\">Chabot Space & Science Center Observatory\u003c/a> and feature a studio interview with UC Berkeley astronomer \u003ca href=\"http://astro.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/marcy.html\" title=\"Geoff Marcy\">Geoff Marcy\u003c/a>. Beginning today, a new episode will air weekly each Monday through June 4. You can listen to a preview of their new season \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fieldtrippodcast_s2promo1.mp3\">here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Free episodes are available on their \u003ca href=\"http://www.fieldtrippodcast.com/\" title=\"The Field Trip Podcast\">website\u003c/a>, iTunes, Public Radio Exchange and Sound Cloud. You can also follow them on \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/TheFieldTripPodcast\" title=\"Facebook fan page\">Facebook\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/#!/FieldTripLog\" title=\"twitter account\">Twitter\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37252\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/FireRollover_640x360.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/FireRollover_640x360.jpg\" alt=\"A rollover fire, viewed from inside the Oakland Fire Department's burn trailer.\" title=\"FireRollover_640x360\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-37252\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/FireRollover_640x360.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/FireRollover_640x360-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The view from inside the Oakland Fire Department's burn trailer during a rollover fire. Photograph courtesy of Kara Platoni.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Looking back, the only field trip that stands out from my grade school days was our trip to the San Francisco \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/\">Exploratorium\u003c/a>. What I remember best is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.exploratorium.edu/visit/tactile_dome/\" title=\"SF Exploratorium Tactile Dome\">tactile dome\u003c/a>. I entered into total darkness and spent the next hour feeling, crawling and sliding my way through a 3-D maze. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That excursion was fairly tame compared to the exploits Kara Platoni, Eric Simons, and Casey Miner take on for their podcast series, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fieldtrippodcast.com/\" title=\"The Field Trip Podcast\">The Field Trip\u003c/a>, which broadcasts their science adventures out in the real world. For their first series that debuted last year, they explored fermentation by visiting the Cultured Pickle Shop, climbed into the Oakland Fire Department’s burn trailer for a kitchen fire simulation, interviewed a commercial salmon fisherman on his boat in the Berkeley Marina and followed a NASA crew at the bottom of a lakebed in Canada for their research study on Mars. To add a little more intellectual rigor to their adventures, they also interviewed an expert guest in their radio studio for each episode. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think our strong suit is going places, learning new things and being a proxy for the listener,” explained Kara Platoni. “We didn’t know of any other show where it was about going out and having a science adventure.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As friends and UC Berkeley Graduate School of Journalism colleagues, the genuine personal chemistry of this trio is evident in their podcasts and blogs. They're definitely having fun on their adventures while taking advantage of the wealth of knowledge and opportunities offered by scientists in the Bay Area -- and the listener is invited to tag along. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The studio interview segments are loosely scripted, but the field trips are taped live. The key to making this work is the trio’s insatiable curiosity for science. After lots of preparation, they just go out and ask the questions that interest them in a humorous and spontaneous way that engages their listeners. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When selecting topics for their episodes, they focus on stories that take science out of the laboratory. “Our ideal narrator for the field trip is someone whose life just embodies science everyday. It is part of their job, hobby and home,” explained Platoni, “so we can show people how science is something that happens in your everyday life, not just something that happens in school.” Casey Miner added, “And it should be fun, interesting, weird or gross.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their field trips will continue with a second series this spring and cover the diverse topics of coffee, taxidermy, telescopes and local inventors. One upcoming episode on telescopes will visit the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chabotspace.org/observatories.htm\">Chabot Space & Science Center Observatory\u003c/a> and feature a studio interview with UC Berkeley astronomer \u003ca href=\"http://astro.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/marcy.html\" title=\"Geoff Marcy\">Geoff Marcy\u003c/a>. Beginning today, a new episode will air weekly each Monday through June 4. You can listen to a preview of their new season \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/fieldtrippodcast_s2promo1.mp3\">here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Free episodes are available on their \u003ca href=\"http://www.fieldtrippodcast.com/\" title=\"The Field Trip Podcast\">website\u003c/a>, iTunes, Public Radio Exchange and Sound Cloud. You can also follow them on \u003ca href=\"http://www.facebook.com/TheFieldTripPodcast\" title=\"Facebook fan page\">Facebook\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/#!/FieldTripLog\" title=\"twitter account\">Twitter\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California's Deadlocked Delta: Can We Bring Back What We've Lost?",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-14-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the second story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37673\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltamap.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37673\" title=\"Deltamap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltamap-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of the Delta created by the US Geological Survey in the 1910s.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As detective stories go, this sunny, spring day in the Delta isn't a typical backdrop. In the distance, tractors move slowly through dry fields of row crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once he got lost, they were wandering all over,\" says Alison Whipple of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/he\">San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/a>, a non-profit research group based in Richmond. Her colleague, Robin Grossinger, agrees. \"They were all over this place.\" The two are trying to piece together the path of William Wright, a man who got hopelessly lost somewhere nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I should probably mention: it happened 160 years ago. Whipple and Grossinger are historical ecologists. They use sources like old photos, hand-drawn maps and early land surveys to sleuth out what this landscape looked like before it was dramatically remade by Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta's landscape has been dramatically remade over the last 200 years. Today, it's a crucial part of the state's water system, supplying 25 million people and irrigating millions of acres of farm land. But with this re-engineering, the Delta's ecosystem has collapsed, harming the fishing industry and putting water supplies at risk. Little is known about what it once looked like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>Map of Historical Delta\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37955\" title=\"DeltaThumbnail6\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaThumbnail6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"110\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">See an interactive map\u003c/a> of the Delta, past and present, and the historical photos and maps used to create it.\u003cbr>\n[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lost in a Delta Marsh\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on a levee about 20 miles south of Sacramento, Whipple and Grossinger are discussing what they found a tattered, yellowing notebook uncovered in a state archive. It contains stories from William Wright, a duck hunter who spent a long, cold night lost in the Delta in 1850.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>\"On all sides stretched a vast wilderness of tules from ten to fifteen feet in height. The driving storm of sleet was bad, but the pitchy darkness was infinitely worse... Our situation was so miserable that no words can do justice to it.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just the dramatic story they're interested in. It's passages this like one:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>\"The lakes proved to be from one hundred to three hundred yards in width, as near as we could judge. The water was very cold and often waist‐deep.\" \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Whipple and Grossinger read his account, they knew they’d found a Holy Grail source document. Its detail reveal a landscape that doesn't exist here today and hasn’t existed for some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Delta is probably one of the most intensively transformed parts of California and it was also changed really early on because of such fertile land,\" says Grossinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California's Gold Rush boomed, farmers came to the Delta for its rich soil. Land went for a dollar an acre and settlers turned the wetlands into dry, agricultural land. 97% of the historic marshes were lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have here maybe one of the most important parts of the state's ecosystem and we don’t actually know how it used to work,\" Says Grossinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37590\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37590\" title=\"SFEI\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SFEI.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"228\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alison Whipple and Robin Grossinger examine historic maps in the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He and Whipple have layered together thousands of historical sources that reveal an ecosystem of incredible complexity. “We would be in trees right here with a couple winding channels that were dry in the summer but had flowing water in the wintertime,\" explains Whipple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yearly floods from the Sacramento River inundated Delta marshes creating habitat for birds and young salmon. Closer to San Francisco Bay, hundreds of miles of small tidal channels branched out like capillaries in the wetlands. Today, most of those channels have been filled in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Returning the Delta to this pristine state just isn’t possible, says Whipple, and that’s not the goal of the project. But knowing how the ecosystem once worked could improve the habitat restoration efforts that are happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Restoring Habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liberty Island is one place in the Delta that looks as it might have 200 years ago. Not long ago, it was a low-lying expanse of farmland, protected by tall levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The levees broke and it wasn’t financially worth reclaiming,” Says Carl Wilcox of with \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/\">California’s Department of Fish and Game\u003c/a>. The landowners gave up when the island flooded 15 years ago. After that, nature took over. Tules and cattails started sprouting and wildlife followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37591\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-we-bring-back-what-weve-lost/libertyisland/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37591\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37591\" title=\"LibertyIsland\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/LibertyIsland.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Returning vegetation at Liberty Island in the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, “some of the endangered native fishes, Delta smelt, longfin smelt are using this area,” says Wilcox. They're finding endangered Chinook salmon as well. \"These are more productive areas for them, they’re more protected, they’re less prone to predators.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Considers Ambitious Restoration Plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is using the Liberty Island project as a model for a proposal to restore 65,000 acres of Delta habitat. It's part of the Bay Delta Conservation Plan - a major overhaul of the Delta’s water infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leo Winternitz of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> says bringing back habitat for declining wildlife could make the state’s water supply more reliable. Restrictions under the Endangered Species Act have limited how much water can be pumped from the Delta in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one big problem with restoration: most of the islands in the Delta are below sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just south of here, some of the islands, they're in the 17 to 25 below sea level range. So if their levees broke, what you’d have is a large open body of water. You can’t create tidal marshes in those areas,\" says Winternitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves only a few places where restoration is feasible. Winternitz says in those areas it’s crucial the state look to the past to create the same interconnected habitat that once was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown's administration is set to unveil the sweeping plan to restore the Delta later this year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-14-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the second story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37673\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltamap.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37673\" title=\"Deltamap\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltamap-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A map of the Delta created by the US Geological Survey in the 1910s.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As detective stories go, this sunny, spring day in the Delta isn't a typical backdrop. In the distance, tractors move slowly through dry fields of row crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once he got lost, they were wandering all over,\" says Alison Whipple of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfei.org/he\">San Francisco Estuary Institute\u003c/a>, a non-profit research group based in Richmond. Her colleague, Robin Grossinger, agrees. \"They were all over this place.\" The two are trying to piece together the path of William Wright, a man who got hopelessly lost somewhere nearby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I should probably mention: it happened 160 years ago. Whipple and Grossinger are historical ecologists. They use sources like old photos, hand-drawn maps and early land surveys to sleuth out what this landscape looked like before it was dramatically remade by Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta's landscape has been dramatically remade over the last 200 years. Today, it's a crucial part of the state's water system, supplying 25 million people and irrigating millions of acres of farm land. But with this re-engineering, the Delta's ecosystem has collapsed, harming the fishing industry and putting water supplies at risk. Little is known about what it once looked like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>Map of Historical Delta\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37955\" title=\"DeltaThumbnail6\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaThumbnail6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"203\" height=\"110\">\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">See an interactive map\u003c/a> of the Delta, past and present, and the historical photos and maps used to create it.\u003cbr>\n[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lost in a Delta Marsh\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing on a levee about 20 miles south of Sacramento, Whipple and Grossinger are discussing what they found a tattered, yellowing notebook uncovered in a state archive. It contains stories from William Wright, a duck hunter who spent a long, cold night lost in the Delta in 1850.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>\"On all sides stretched a vast wilderness of tules from ten to fifteen feet in height. The driving storm of sleet was bad, but the pitchy darkness was infinitely worse... Our situation was so miserable that no words can do justice to it.\"\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not just the dramatic story they're interested in. It's passages this like one:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"padding-left: 20pt;padding-right: 20pt;line-height: 110%\">\u003cem>\"The lakes proved to be from one hundred to three hundred yards in width, as near as we could judge. The water was very cold and often waist‐deep.\" \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Whipple and Grossinger read his account, they knew they’d found a Holy Grail source document. Its detail reveal a landscape that doesn't exist here today and hasn’t existed for some time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Delta is probably one of the most intensively transformed parts of California and it was also changed really early on because of such fertile land,\" says Grossinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California's Gold Rush boomed, farmers came to the Delta for its rich soil. Land went for a dollar an acre and settlers turned the wetlands into dry, agricultural land. 97% of the historic marshes were lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have here maybe one of the most important parts of the state's ecosystem and we don’t actually know how it used to work,\" Says Grossinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37590\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37590\" title=\"SFEI\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SFEI.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"228\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alison Whipple and Robin Grossinger examine historic maps in the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He and Whipple have layered together thousands of historical sources that reveal an ecosystem of incredible complexity. “We would be in trees right here with a couple winding channels that were dry in the summer but had flowing water in the wintertime,\" explains Whipple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yearly floods from the Sacramento River inundated Delta marshes creating habitat for birds and young salmon. Closer to San Francisco Bay, hundreds of miles of small tidal channels branched out like capillaries in the wetlands. Today, most of those channels have been filled in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Returning the Delta to this pristine state just isn’t possible, says Whipple, and that’s not the goal of the project. But knowing how the ecosystem once worked could improve the habitat restoration efforts that are happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Restoring Habitat\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Liberty Island is one place in the Delta that looks as it might have 200 years ago. Not long ago, it was a low-lying expanse of farmland, protected by tall levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The levees broke and it wasn’t financially worth reclaiming,” Says Carl Wilcox of with \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/\">California’s Department of Fish and Game\u003c/a>. The landowners gave up when the island flooded 15 years ago. After that, nature took over. Tules and cattails started sprouting and wildlife followed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37591\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/audio/californias-deadlocked-delta-can-we-bring-back-what-weve-lost/libertyisland/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37591\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37591\" title=\"LibertyIsland\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/LibertyIsland.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"217\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Returning vegetation at Liberty Island in the Delta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now, “some of the endangered native fishes, Delta smelt, longfin smelt are using this area,” says Wilcox. They're finding endangered Chinook salmon as well. \"These are more productive areas for them, they’re more protected, they’re less prone to predators.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California Considers Ambitious Restoration Plans\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is using the Liberty Island project as a model for a proposal to restore 65,000 acres of Delta habitat. It's part of the Bay Delta Conservation Plan - a major overhaul of the Delta’s water infrastructure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leo Winternitz of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.org/\">Nature Conservancy\u003c/a> says bringing back habitat for declining wildlife could make the state’s water supply more reliable. Restrictions under the Endangered Species Act have limited how much water can be pumped from the Delta in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one big problem with restoration: most of the islands in the Delta are below sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just south of here, some of the islands, they're in the 17 to 25 below sea level range. So if their levees broke, what you’d have is a large open body of water. You can’t create tidal marshes in those areas,\" says Winternitz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That leaves only a few places where restoration is feasible. Winternitz says in those areas it’s crucial the state look to the past to create the same interconnected habitat that once was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Governor Jerry Brown's administration is set to unveil the sweeping plan to restore the Delta later this year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Good and Not-So-Good News About California Salmon",
"title": "The Good and Not-So-Good News About California Salmon",
"headTitle": "California’s Deadlocked Delta | QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37679\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/11/the-good-news-and-not-so-good-about-california-salmon/salmon-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37679\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37679\" title=\"Chinook salmon\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON.jpg\" alt=\"Chinook salmon\" width=\"640\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON-400x227.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinook salmon, Feather River Hatchery, Oroville. Credit: Dan Brekke\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After years of dire tidings, the news this year about California's chinook salmon all sounds good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal fisheries biologists have predicted big numbers of Sacramento River fall run chinook--the state's biggest, most commercially important salmon fishery--and the biggest population of Klamath River fall-run fish in memory. The California Salmon Council, a commercial fishermen's group, \u003ca href=\"http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/dailydish/2012/05/california-salmon-start-their-comeback.html\">forecasts a harvest\u003c/a> of 3 million pounds this year. That's triple last year's take and represents a comeback from the Great Salmon Crash of '08-'09, when the sudden collapse of the Sacramento fall run forced state and federal officials to shut down salmon fishing two years in a row. Salmon fishermen who barely hung on through the crash, along with those who sell them gear and supplies and process and market their catch, can look forward to something like a prosperous season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for the rest of us, the civilian salmon lovers? Victor Gonella, who heads the Golden Gate Salmon Association, \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/2012/03/08/ggsa-announcement-welcome-2012-salmon-season/\">promised in March\u003c/a> that \"consumers can look forward to some of the best food on earth--wild salmon, coming to a dinner plate near them soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, that all sounds good. But here's the rest of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37714\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 287px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37714\" title=\"Salmon2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Salmon21-287x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"287\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Feather River Hatchery\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A declining catch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's start with that commercial harvest number. We won't really know until later this year how the season turns out, but that 3 million-pound catch is only impressive next to the recent string of disastrous salmon years. The forecast for this year is nearly one-third lower than the average yearly harvest for the decade before the crash. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st1/commercial/landings/annual_landings.html\">National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a> data shows the catch has been slowly dwindling since 1950, with a more rapid decline starting in the late 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nothing prepared fishing communities, scientists, or interested onlookers for the population crash that took place in 2008. Everyone would still like to know why it happened. Scientists have studied factors from water pollution to a big bridge project in the Carquinez Strait--did construction noise harm out-migrating juvenile salmon?--without identifying a single factor. The consensus is that circumstances ranging from poor ocean feeding conditions to water diversions from the Delta played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is a mystery with an answer hiding in plain sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From abundance to scarcity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once, salmon returned by the millions each year to the Bay, the Delta, and the rivers and streams in the Central Valley. Napa Valley pioneer George C. Yount recalled the region between San Pablo Bay and Sutter's Fort (in present-day Sacramento) as one where \"the Rivers were literally crouded [sic] with salmon.\" And there's plenty of pioneer testimony that echoes that description.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What changed? Just everything, starting with the Gold Rush, which brought forth fabulous wealth and wrought unimaginable environmental destruction to salmon streams. And then dams, cities, farms, and industry. In a word: Us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37728\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/11/the-good-news-and-not-so-good-about-california-salmon/salmon3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37728\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37728\" title=\"SALMON3\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"280\" height=\"322\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Feather River Hatchery\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even some efforts to preserve commercial chinook salmon populations may be hurting rather than helping the fish. When the Sacramento River fall-run chinook population collapsed a few years ago, it happened despite a long and aggressive effort to use hatcheries to replace spawning streams destroyed by dams, logging, and development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the heroic effort to improve on nature—even trucking baby hatchery fish downriver so they can avoid predators, polluted water, and Delta pumps—could be exacting a toll on the long-term fate of the run. Some biologists believe that the combination of habitat loss and hatchery production has essentially wiped out the last truly wild Sacramento Valley fall-run chinook. Worse, the surviving hatchery stock lacks the genetic variety of wild fish and could be more vulnerable to changes in ocean conditions or disease--and thus more prone to collapses like the crash of '08-'09.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The outlook\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is there anything hopeful about the salmon's story in California? There is. Over the past twenty years, government and resource managers have taken the first steps to restoring both water and habitat for chinook salmon. One of the most publicized actions—a limit on pumping from the Delta at certain times of year to protect threatened salmon and other species. That action was prompted by an environmental lawsuit, and it prompted a wave of lawsuits from farm and city water users south of the Delta. Outside of court, both the state and federal governments are working on plans that are supposed to restore the Delta and its species while delivering the water that farms and cities expect. Doing that will take a lot of money and determination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chinook can't help with the cash, but they may provide a lesson about persistence. As a species, they are the product of millions of years of evolution. The few wild fish still out there have been doing what they do, sometimes climbing thousands of vertical feet out of the Central Valley to their home streams, for a very long time. They are engineered to deal with disasters on their home streams and famine at sea. Given half a chance, they not only survive, but thrive. Fortunately or unfortunately for them, they now depend on us for that chance.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37679\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/11/the-good-news-and-not-so-good-about-california-salmon/salmon-2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37679\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37679\" title=\"Chinook salmon\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON.jpg\" alt=\"Chinook salmon\" width=\"640\" height=\"363\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON-400x227.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinook salmon, Feather River Hatchery, Oroville. Credit: Dan Brekke\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>After years of dire tidings, the news this year about California's chinook salmon all sounds good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal fisheries biologists have predicted big numbers of Sacramento River fall run chinook--the state's biggest, most commercially important salmon fishery--and the biggest population of Klamath River fall-run fish in memory. The California Salmon Council, a commercial fishermen's group, \u003ca href=\"http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/dailydish/2012/05/california-salmon-start-their-comeback.html\">forecasts a harvest\u003c/a> of 3 million pounds this year. That's triple last year's take and represents a comeback from the Great Salmon Crash of '08-'09, when the sudden collapse of the Sacramento fall run forced state and federal officials to shut down salmon fishing two years in a row. Salmon fishermen who barely hung on through the crash, along with those who sell them gear and supplies and process and market their catch, can look forward to something like a prosperous season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for the rest of us, the civilian salmon lovers? Victor Gonella, who heads the Golden Gate Salmon Association, \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/2012/03/08/ggsa-announcement-welcome-2012-salmon-season/\">promised in March\u003c/a> that \"consumers can look forward to some of the best food on earth--wild salmon, coming to a dinner plate near them soon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, that all sounds good. But here's the rest of the story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37714\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 287px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37714\" title=\"Salmon2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Salmon21-287x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"287\" height=\"169\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Feather River Hatchery\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A declining catch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let's start with that commercial harvest number. We won't really know until later this year how the season turns out, but that 3 million-pound catch is only impressive next to the recent string of disastrous salmon years. The forecast for this year is nearly one-third lower than the average yearly harvest for the decade before the crash. And \u003ca href=\"http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/st1/commercial/landings/annual_landings.html\">National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a> data shows the catch has been slowly dwindling since 1950, with a more rapid decline starting in the late 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nothing prepared fishing communities, scientists, or interested onlookers for the population crash that took place in 2008. Everyone would still like to know why it happened. Scientists have studied factors from water pollution to a big bridge project in the Carquinez Strait--did construction noise harm out-migrating juvenile salmon?--without identifying a single factor. The consensus is that circumstances ranging from poor ocean feeding conditions to water diversions from the Delta played a role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But this is a mystery with an answer hiding in plain sight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>From abundance to scarcity\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once, salmon returned by the millions each year to the Bay, the Delta, and the rivers and streams in the Central Valley. Napa Valley pioneer George C. Yount recalled the region between San Pablo Bay and Sutter's Fort (in present-day Sacramento) as one where \"the Rivers were literally crouded [sic] with salmon.\" And there's plenty of pioneer testimony that echoes that description.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What changed? Just everything, starting with the Gold Rush, which brought forth fabulous wealth and wrought unimaginable environmental destruction to salmon streams. And then dams, cities, farms, and industry. In a word: Us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37728\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/11/the-good-news-and-not-so-good-about-california-salmon/salmon3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37728\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37728\" title=\"SALMON3\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/SALMON3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"280\" height=\"322\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Feather River Hatchery\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even some efforts to preserve commercial chinook salmon populations may be hurting rather than helping the fish. When the Sacramento River fall-run chinook population collapsed a few years ago, it happened despite a long and aggressive effort to use hatcheries to replace spawning streams destroyed by dams, logging, and development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the heroic effort to improve on nature—even trucking baby hatchery fish downriver so they can avoid predators, polluted water, and Delta pumps—could be exacting a toll on the long-term fate of the run. Some biologists believe that the combination of habitat loss and hatchery production has essentially wiped out the last truly wild Sacramento Valley fall-run chinook. Worse, the surviving hatchery stock lacks the genetic variety of wild fish and could be more vulnerable to changes in ocean conditions or disease--and thus more prone to collapses like the crash of '08-'09.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The outlook\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Is there anything hopeful about the salmon's story in California? There is. Over the past twenty years, government and resource managers have taken the first steps to restoring both water and habitat for chinook salmon. One of the most publicized actions—a limit on pumping from the Delta at certain times of year to protect threatened salmon and other species. That action was prompted by an environmental lawsuit, and it prompted a wave of lawsuits from farm and city water users south of the Delta. Outside of court, both the state and federal governments are working on plans that are supposed to restore the Delta and its species while delivering the water that farms and cities expect. Doing that will take a lot of money and determination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The chinook can't help with the cash, but they may provide a lesson about persistence. As a species, they are the product of millions of years of evolution. The few wild fish still out there have been doing what they do, sometimes climbing thousands of vertical feet out of the Central Valley to their home streams, for a very long time. They are engineered to deal with disasters on their home streams and famine at sea. Given half a chance, they not only survive, but thrive. Fortunately or unfortunately for them, they now depend on us for that chance.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "“The Art of Nature” Educates and Inspires",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/08/%e2%80%9cthe-art-of-nature%e2%80%9d-educates-and-inspires/ks_sailfish-art/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37904\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/KS_Sailfish-art.jpg\" alt=\"Indo-Pacific Sailfish by Kate Spencer\" title=\"KS_Sailfish-art\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-37904\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/KS_Sailfish-art.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/KS_Sailfish-art-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two artists sat side by side at the demo table. Diane T. Sands wrestled with a live turtle who didn't want to pose; Megan Gnekow hovered over her laptop, flipping between \"nestcams\"--live video streams from birds' nests around the country. At the beginning of the evening, Gnekow found a pair of red-tailed hawk parents feeding their chicks. \"What a treat!\" she exclaimed, and began to sketch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sands and Gnekow were participants in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.firstfridaysantacruz.com/\" title=\"First Friday Santa Cruz\">First Friday Art Tour\u003c/a> on May 4th at the Santa Cruz Museum of Natural History's exhibit \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzmuseums.org/exhibits/current/index.htm\" title=\"Santa Cruz Museum of Natural History - The Art of Nature\">The Art of Nature\u003c/a>.\" Throughout the museum, behind permanent display cases of stuffed foxes and a marine touch pool, the walls were covered with artwork from the California Guild of Natural Science Illustrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/08/%e2%80%9cthe-art-of-nature%e2%80%9d-educates-and-inspires/talbot-karen-selasphorus-sasin-allens-hummingbird/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37563\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Talbot-Karen-Selasphorus-sasin-Allens-Hummingbird-278x253.jpg\" alt=\"Allen's Hummingbird by Karen Talbot\" title=\"Talbot, Karen - Selasphorus sasin (Allen's Hummingbird)\" width=\"278\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-37563\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Cruz Museum of Natural History has been hosting an annual science illustration exhibit for twenty-three years. It began as a showcase for the graduating class of the UC Santa Cruz \u003ca href=\"http://scienceillustration.org/\" title=\"Science Illustration Certificate Program\">science illustration program\u003c/a>, but when that program moved to CSU Monterey Bay, the end-of-year show moved with it. (\"Illustrating Nature\" is now on display at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pgmuseum.org/exhibits\" title=\"Pacific Grove Museum of Natural History\">Pacific Grove Museum of Natural History\u003c/a>--I'll be reporting next week.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Cruz museum switched partners from the university to the California chapter of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.gnsi.org/groups/gnsi-california\" title=\"Guild of Natural Science Illustrators CA\">Guild of Natural Science Illustrators\u003c/a>. As it turns out, a large proportion of guild members are graduates of the UCSC/CSUMB program. So those artists currently showing at the PG Museum may well be featured in a few years in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And future generations of science illustrators could spring from participants in school tours of \"The Art of Nature.\" Deborah McArthur, the Santa Cruz museum's education manager, leads kids on a picture hunt through the exhibit, then lets them experiment with their own mixed media illustration. Science and art instruction go hand in hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37395\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 257px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/08/%e2%80%9cthe-art-of-nature%e2%80%9d-educates-and-inspires/aon_butterfly/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37395\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/aon_butterfly-257x253.jpg\" alt=\"California Butterfly by Sondra Cohelan\" title=\"aon_butterfly\" width=\"257\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-37395\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Butterfly by Sondra Cohelan\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even as an adult wandering through the show, I found myself learning new things. When a drawing of shiny scarabs caught my eye, I first thought \"Ancient Egypt!\" then learned that \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewel_scarab\" title=\"Jewel Scarabs\">some scarabs\u003c/a> are actually native to the southwest US. On another wall, a California gull plowing hungrily through a cloud of flies taught me that a seagull's diet is far more varied than fish and picnic sandwiches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One painting is particularly poignant: a watercolor of an Indo-Pacific sailfish, commissioned by the Monterey Bay Aquarium as a gift to the director of the Japanese sea museum \u003ca href=\"http://www.marine.fks.ed.jp/english/top_e.html\" title=\"Aquamarine Fukushima\">Aquamarine Fukushima\u003c/a>. According to the placard, \"The framed original survived the 2011 earthquake/tsunami.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I left the museum, Sands' turtle was crawling across Gnekow's colored pencil case while Gnekow sketched \u003ca href=\"http://www.decoraheaglecamalerts.com/\" title=\"Decorah Eagle Cam\">eagle chicks from Decorah, Iowa\u003c/a>. Science illustrators may travel far afield--there were sketchbooks on display from New Zealand and South America--but I appreciated the reminder that natural subjects are everywhere, from the family pet to the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5/10/12 with artists' links and higher-quality images. Thanks, artists!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/08/%e2%80%9cthe-art-of-nature%e2%80%9d-educates-and-inspires/devonian-edited-copy-for-web/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37462\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Devonian-edited-copy-for-web.jpg\" alt=\"Marsh plants in sketchbook by Emily Coren (walkaboutem.com)\" title=\"Marsh plants in sketchbook by Emily Coren (walkaboutem.com)\" width=\"640\" class=\"size-large\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/08/%e2%80%9cthe-art-of-nature%e2%80%9d-educates-and-inspires/ks_sailfish-art/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37904\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/KS_Sailfish-art.jpg\" alt=\"Indo-Pacific Sailfish by Kate Spencer\" title=\"KS_Sailfish-art\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-37904\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/KS_Sailfish-art.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/KS_Sailfish-art-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two artists sat side by side at the demo table. Diane T. Sands wrestled with a live turtle who didn't want to pose; Megan Gnekow hovered over her laptop, flipping between \"nestcams\"--live video streams from birds' nests around the country. At the beginning of the evening, Gnekow found a pair of red-tailed hawk parents feeding their chicks. \"What a treat!\" she exclaimed, and began to sketch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sands and Gnekow were participants in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.firstfridaysantacruz.com/\" title=\"First Friday Santa Cruz\">First Friday Art Tour\u003c/a> on May 4th at the Santa Cruz Museum of Natural History's exhibit \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.santacruzmuseums.org/exhibits/current/index.htm\" title=\"Santa Cruz Museum of Natural History - The Art of Nature\">The Art of Nature\u003c/a>.\" Throughout the museum, behind permanent display cases of stuffed foxes and a marine touch pool, the walls were covered with artwork from the California Guild of Natural Science Illustrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/08/%e2%80%9cthe-art-of-nature%e2%80%9d-educates-and-inspires/talbot-karen-selasphorus-sasin-allens-hummingbird/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37563\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Talbot-Karen-Selasphorus-sasin-Allens-Hummingbird-278x253.jpg\" alt=\"Allen's Hummingbird by Karen Talbot\" title=\"Talbot, Karen - Selasphorus sasin (Allen's Hummingbird)\" width=\"278\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-37563\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Cruz Museum of Natural History has been hosting an annual science illustration exhibit for twenty-three years. It began as a showcase for the graduating class of the UC Santa Cruz \u003ca href=\"http://scienceillustration.org/\" title=\"Science Illustration Certificate Program\">science illustration program\u003c/a>, but when that program moved to CSU Monterey Bay, the end-of-year show moved with it. (\"Illustrating Nature\" is now on display at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pgmuseum.org/exhibits\" title=\"Pacific Grove Museum of Natural History\">Pacific Grove Museum of Natural History\u003c/a>--I'll be reporting next week.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Cruz museum switched partners from the university to the California chapter of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.gnsi.org/groups/gnsi-california\" title=\"Guild of Natural Science Illustrators CA\">Guild of Natural Science Illustrators\u003c/a>. As it turns out, a large proportion of guild members are graduates of the UCSC/CSUMB program. So those artists currently showing at the PG Museum may well be featured in a few years in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And future generations of science illustrators could spring from participants in school tours of \"The Art of Nature.\" Deborah McArthur, the Santa Cruz museum's education manager, leads kids on a picture hunt through the exhibit, then lets them experiment with their own mixed media illustration. Science and art instruction go hand in hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37395\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 257px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/08/%e2%80%9cthe-art-of-nature%e2%80%9d-educates-and-inspires/aon_butterfly/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37395\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/aon_butterfly-257x253.jpg\" alt=\"California Butterfly by Sondra Cohelan\" title=\"aon_butterfly\" width=\"257\" height=\"253\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-37395\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Butterfly by Sondra Cohelan\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Even as an adult wandering through the show, I found myself learning new things. When a drawing of shiny scarabs caught my eye, I first thought \"Ancient Egypt!\" then learned that \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewel_scarab\" title=\"Jewel Scarabs\">some scarabs\u003c/a> are actually native to the southwest US. On another wall, a California gull plowing hungrily through a cloud of flies taught me that a seagull's diet is far more varied than fish and picnic sandwiches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One painting is particularly poignant: a watercolor of an Indo-Pacific sailfish, commissioned by the Monterey Bay Aquarium as a gift to the director of the Japanese sea museum \u003ca href=\"http://www.marine.fks.ed.jp/english/top_e.html\" title=\"Aquamarine Fukushima\">Aquamarine Fukushima\u003c/a>. According to the placard, \"The framed original survived the 2011 earthquake/tsunami.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As I left the museum, Sands' turtle was crawling across Gnekow's colored pencil case while Gnekow sketched \u003ca href=\"http://www.decoraheaglecamalerts.com/\" title=\"Decorah Eagle Cam\">eagle chicks from Decorah, Iowa\u003c/a>. Science illustrators may travel far afield--there were sketchbooks on display from New Zealand and South America--but I appreciated the reminder that natural subjects are everywhere, from the family pet to the internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 5/10/12 with artists' links and higher-quality images. Thanks, artists!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/08/%e2%80%9cthe-art-of-nature%e2%80%9d-educates-and-inspires/devonian-edited-copy-for-web/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-37462\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Devonian-edited-copy-for-web.jpg\" alt=\"Marsh plants in sketchbook by Emily Coren (walkaboutem.com)\" title=\"Marsh plants in sketchbook by Emily Coren (walkaboutem.com)\" width=\"640\" class=\"size-large\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Exploring Corals of the Deep",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's hard to fathom that off our central California coast, just 80 miles southwest of Monterey, is a massive underwater mountain which blooms with deep sea coral life, including some corals which were new to science before they were discovered by researchers at the \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37177\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37177\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new species of coral, Chrysogorgia monticola, discovered more than a mile and a half deep at the Davidson Seamount. Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2002.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This underwater mountain is the \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/research/dsmz/welcome.html\">Davidson Seamount\u003c/a>, an impressive geological structure which like the roughly 30,000 seamounts throughout the world, was generated by underwater volcanic activity. In 1933, it became the first geographic feature called a \"seamount\" and it is named after George Davidson, an astronomer and geographer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what makes the Davidson Seamount so special?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Andrew DeVogelaere, Research Coordinator for the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary told me during our filming for this QUEST story, \"It’s special because of its shape. Most sea mounts are circular...This one is oblong, because as it developed over millions of years, it was on a spreading center.Think of Hawaii underneath the water...that juts up from the sea floor mud thousands of feet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37178\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37178\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Research Coordinator Andrew DeVogelaere during a break from the filming of his interview. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The other reason why this seamount is so special is its reputation as an oasis of deep sea coral life. Approximately 30 species of deep sea corals have been found at the Davidson Seamount. While it may seem odd that any animal could survive let alone thrive in this dark, frigid environment, the deep sea corals opportunistically position themselves on the steep sides of the Davidson Seamount to catch nutrients and plankton rushing up from deep sea currents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But venturing to this seamount is no easy feat; in fact, the top of the Davidson Seamount is still 4,000 feet below the surface of the water! Undeterred and with the high-tech submersible tools at their disposal, DeVogelaere and fellow marine biologist Jim Barry of MBARI launched a research trip in 2006 to the 26 mile-long Davidson Seamount to explore the rich biodiversity teeming in its dark, watery depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trip was a follow-up to a 2002 research expedition funded by NOAA, also under the direction of Andrew DeVogelaere at the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. The impetus of that trip was to catalogue, through the use of a Remotely Operated Vehicle mounted with sophisticated cameras, the abundance and diversity of deep sea corals and other striking animals such as anemones and fish observed along the sides and valleys of this volcanic, rocky formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37179\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN71851.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37179\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN7185\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN71851-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bubble gum coral spotted more than 4,300 feet deep at the Davidson Seamount. Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2006.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2006, the team returned to the seamount and once more recorded hours upon hours of breathtaking HD footage. The scientists were also trying to develop a model that would help them predict where other corals might be in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, which the Davidson Seamount was incorporated into in 2009. Some deep sea corals were also transplanted from a less acidic region at the top of the seamount to a more acidic region farther below to assess how these transplanted corals would fare in the face of increasing ocean acidification. Not only did the scientists find evidence of ocean acidification at 12,000 feet, they also found evidence of the toxic pesticide DDT and trash, including a Coca-Cola bottle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a personal level, this was an aspect of the story which indelibly affected me - how is it that creatures like corals, which can live thousands of years, survive in an inhospitable environment thousands of feet beneath the surface of the ocean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37180\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37180\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A black coral clinging to the side of the Davidson seamount. A species of black coral was discovered off the coast of Hawaii and dated to 4,600 years old! Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2002.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sadly, these seemingly fragile but resilient, ancient organisms are experiencing stresses, such as ocean acidification, to their ancient marine habitats which may far outstrip their ability to adapt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Barry is studying the effects of ocean acidification on deep sea organisms like urchins and, as he told me, he plans to bring into his lab precious corals (so named for their value as jewelry) to see how they contend with increasing levels of acidity. \"The California coast could be considered the front line for ocean acidification damage, within 50 years, and certainly by the end of the century...As ocean acidification due to our C02 emissions intensifies along this coast, those corals are gonna have a hard time,\" Barry said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37181\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37181\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">MBARI Staff Scientist in his lab at Moss Landing, looking at a tank containing urchins. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stephen Palumbi, Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www-marine.stanford.edu/\">Hopkins Marine Station\u003c/a>, is another amazing, eloquent marine biologist whom I interviewed for this story. He specializes in tropical corals which are also vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification. His research in American Samoa focuses on \"super corals\" - species of corals which thrive in waters that would be too warm for most other corals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palumbi similarly struck a somber note in regards to ocean acidification, trawling and other pressures facing corals, be they in the cold, deep ocean or in the warm, shallow waters of the tropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37182\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37182\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephen Palumbi, Director of the Hopkins Marine Station in his lab at Pacific Grove. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The biggest worry is that we humans are such game-changers. We change the rules wherever we go,\" he said. \"That record of coral success, which has been a quarter of a billion years that corals have been successful on our planet, ...is about to come to an end because of the way we are so incredibly changing the oceans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, it's a race against time. DeVogelaere told me that we know less about the deep ocean than the surface of the moon. With tens of thousands of seamounts around the world, perhaps now is the time to descend high-tech ROVs thousands of feet into the cold, watery abyss and illuminate the stunning, ancient corals of the deep, documenting their diversity and habitat range around the world before they disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the course of my production on this story, I was lucky enough to acquire some very compelling footage of bottom trawling activity. In particular, \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/oceans/\">Greenpeace International \u003c/a> allowed me to use the powerful clip of a large bubblegum coral being thrown overboard, part of the senseless bycatch scooped up in the shipping vessel's trawl net. The size of the coral, which took two men two throw overboard, indicates that it must have been growing for at least hundreds of years in the deep sea. Greenpeace also had video shot in the deep Bering Sea, where parts of the seafloor bore scars from trawling activity. \u003ca href=\"http://oceana.org/en/about-us/what-we-do\">Oceana\u003c/a>, another NGO diligently trying to protect the world's oceans, shared black and white video footage originally shot by NOAA of a trawl net scraping the seafloor and scooping up any and all marine organisms in its indiscriminate, destructive path.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Off California's coastline, thousands of feet below the deep blue ocean where the sun's rays don't reach, teems a diverse community of deep sea corals. Armed with unmanned submarines equipped with robotic arms, sensors and HD cameras, scientists are exploring this treasure trove of corals and the rich marine life living among them.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's hard to fathom that off our central California coast, just 80 miles southwest of Monterey, is a massive underwater mountain which blooms with deep sea coral life, including some corals which were new to science before they were discovered by researchers at the \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.mbari.org/\">Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37177\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37177\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_CMonticola_newspecies_2486_DSCN3687-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A new species of coral, Chrysogorgia monticola, discovered more than a mile and a half deep at the Davidson Seamount. Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2002.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This underwater mountain is the \u003ca href=\"http://montereybay.noaa.gov/research/dsmz/welcome.html\">Davidson Seamount\u003c/a>, an impressive geological structure which like the roughly 30,000 seamounts throughout the world, was generated by underwater volcanic activity. In 1933, it became the first geographic feature called a \"seamount\" and it is named after George Davidson, an astronomer and geographer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what makes the Davidson Seamount so special?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Andrew DeVogelaere, Research Coordinator for the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary told me during our filming for this QUEST story, \"It’s special because of its shape. Most sea mounts are circular...This one is oblong, because as it developed over millions of years, it was on a spreading center.Think of Hawaii underneath the water...that juts up from the sea floor mud thousands of feet.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37178\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37178\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_DeVogelaere_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0011-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary Research Coordinator Andrew DeVogelaere during a break from the filming of his interview. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The other reason why this seamount is so special is its reputation as an oasis of deep sea coral life. Approximately 30 species of deep sea corals have been found at the Davidson Seamount. While it may seem odd that any animal could survive let alone thrive in this dark, frigid environment, the deep sea corals opportunistically position themselves on the steep sides of the Davidson Seamount to catch nutrients and plankton rushing up from deep sea currents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But venturing to this seamount is no easy feat; in fact, the top of the Davidson Seamount is still 4,000 feet below the surface of the water! Undeterred and with the high-tech submersible tools at their disposal, DeVogelaere and fellow marine biologist Jim Barry of MBARI launched a research trip in 2006 to the 26 mile-long Davidson Seamount to explore the rich biodiversity teeming in its dark, watery depths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trip was a follow-up to a 2002 research expedition funded by NOAA, also under the direction of Andrew DeVogelaere at the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. The impetus of that trip was to catalogue, through the use of a Remotely Operated Vehicle mounted with sophisticated cameras, the abundance and diversity of deep sea corals and other striking animals such as anemones and fish observed along the sides and valleys of this volcanic, rocky formation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37179\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN71851.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37179\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN7185\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2006_1313_bubblegum_DSCN71851-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bubble gum coral spotted more than 4,300 feet deep at the Davidson Seamount. Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2006.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2006, the team returned to the seamount and once more recorded hours upon hours of breathtaking HD footage. The scientists were also trying to develop a model that would help them predict where other corals might be in the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, which the Davidson Seamount was incorporated into in 2009. Some deep sea corals were also transplanted from a less acidic region at the top of the seamount to a more acidic region farther below to assess how these transplanted corals would fare in the face of increasing ocean acidification. Not only did the scientists find evidence of ocean acidification at 12,000 feet, they also found evidence of the toxic pesticide DDT and trash, including a Coca-Cola bottle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a personal level, this was an aspect of the story which indelibly affected me - how is it that creatures like corals, which can live thousands of years, survive in an inhospitable environment thousands of feet beneath the surface of the ocean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37180\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37180\" title=\"NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/NOAA_MBARI_2002_blackcoral_2467_DSCN3430-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A black coral clinging to the side of the Davidson seamount. A species of black coral was discovered off the coast of Hawaii and dated to 4,600 years old! Courtesy NOAA / MBARI 2002.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sadly, these seemingly fragile but resilient, ancient organisms are experiencing stresses, such as ocean acidification, to their ancient marine habitats which may far outstrip their ability to adapt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jim Barry is studying the effects of ocean acidification on deep sea organisms like urchins and, as he told me, he plans to bring into his lab precious corals (so named for their value as jewelry) to see how they contend with increasing levels of acidity. \"The California coast could be considered the front line for ocean acidification damage, within 50 years, and certainly by the end of the century...As ocean acidification due to our C02 emissions intensifies along this coast, those corals are gonna have a hard time,\" Barry said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37181\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37181\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Barry_SS_1-24-12_DSC_0004-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">MBARI Staff Scientist in his lab at Moss Landing, looking at a tank containing urchins. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stephen Palumbi, Director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www-marine.stanford.edu/\">Hopkins Marine Station\u003c/a>, is another amazing, eloquent marine biologist whom I interviewed for this story. He specializes in tropical corals which are also vulnerable to the effects of ocean acidification. His research in American Samoa focuses on \"super corals\" - species of corals which thrive in waters that would be too warm for most other corals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Palumbi similarly struck a somber note in regards to ocean acidification, trawling and other pressures facing corals, be they in the cold, deep ocean or in the warm, shallow waters of the tropics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37182\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-37182\" title=\"603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603_Corals_resized_Palumbi_SS_1-31-12DSC_0005-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stephen Palumbi, Director of the Hopkins Marine Station in his lab at Pacific Grove. Photo by Sheraz Sadiq / QUEST.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The biggest worry is that we humans are such game-changers. We change the rules wherever we go,\" he said. \"That record of coral success, which has been a quarter of a billion years that corals have been successful on our planet, ...is about to come to an end because of the way we are so incredibly changing the oceans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, it's a race against time. DeVogelaere told me that we know less about the deep ocean than the surface of the moon. With tens of thousands of seamounts around the world, perhaps now is the time to descend high-tech ROVs thousands of feet into the cold, watery abyss and illuminate the stunning, ancient corals of the deep, documenting their diversity and habitat range around the world before they disappear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the course of my production on this story, I was lucky enough to acquire some very compelling footage of bottom trawling activity. In particular, \u003ca href=\"http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/campaigns/oceans/\">Greenpeace International \u003c/a> allowed me to use the powerful clip of a large bubblegum coral being thrown overboard, part of the senseless bycatch scooped up in the shipping vessel's trawl net. The size of the coral, which took two men two throw overboard, indicates that it must have been growing for at least hundreds of years in the deep sea. Greenpeace also had video shot in the deep Bering Sea, where parts of the seafloor bore scars from trawling activity. \u003ca href=\"http://oceana.org/en/about-us/what-we-do\">Oceana\u003c/a>, another NGO diligently trying to protect the world's oceans, shared black and white video footage originally shot by NOAA of a trawl net scraping the seafloor and scooping up any and all marine organisms in its indiscriminate, destructive path.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Zoos and Aquariums Embrace Conservation \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Text by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/amy-gotliffe/\">Amy Gotliffe\u003c/a>, Conservation Director at the Oakland Zoo.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many admirable conservation organizations around the world, but zoos and aquariums have a unique advantage: they welcome 175 million people through their gates each year. On a nice, affordable day out, these zoo-goers can be exposed to conservation messages at a variety of levels. In fact, zoos were ranked among the top most trusted messengers of wildlife conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zoos and aquariums are now on the forefront of wildlife protection. They raise and donate funds, send medical, educational and operational supplies to projects, raise awareness through lectures, classes and publications, donate expertise by sending vets and other staff to project sites and sell indigenous wares in their gift shops. They band together with other zoos in their ecosystem to work on local conservation issues, breed and release species, and provide medical attention to local wildlife. They are full service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation of wildlife is central to the mission of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/\">Oakland Zoo\u003c/a> as well, and we fully embrace the projects we are closest to. The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/07/03/wire-snares-in-africa/\">Budongo Snare Removal Project\u003c/a> in Uganda is a good example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37084\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-37084\" title=\"603i chimp 2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603i-chimp-21-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A chimp from the Budongo Forest Reserve in Uganda\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This project protects endangered chimpanzees by providing a snare patrol and removal team, an educational outreach program and a means for getting protein for ex-poachers: goats!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/Conservation.php\">Oakland Zoo Conservation Fund\u003c/a> has been the sole financial supporter of the project since 2001. The funding is raised through an evening event and silent auction, called For the Love of Primates, in February, giving us a chance to raise awareness about the project, as well as funds. Discovering Primates Day also happens in February, where guests participate in fun, hands-on stations and learn about all primates and what each of us can do to help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37037\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-37037\" title=\"ZC11 budongo shirts\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/ZC11-budongo-shirts-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kids participate in The Oakland Zoo's \"ZooCamp\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/ZooCamp.php\">Oakland Zoo’s ZooCamp\u003c/a> selected the Budongo Snare Removal Project as their beneficiary, thereby designating one dollar of every camper registration as a donation to the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the week, 1000 plus children donned in yellow t-shirts with the Budongo logo, connected to chimps and the project in a variety of ways. They visited our dynamic group of chimpanzees, created enrichment for them and participated in a theatrical, live presentation called Budongo Hour. Their ZooCamp gift was a \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/Zoo_Gift_shop.php\">Kibale Bead\u003c/a> bracelet made by an artisan group in Uganda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, an intrepid group of adults and an enthusiastic group of teens collected cameras, laptops, books, school supplies, medical supplies and notes of appreciation from staff and ZooCampers, and set sail for Uganda to visit the project. After a very warm welcome, each group delivered their goods, walked the forest with the snare patrol team, attended ex-poacher meetings, got schooled in their outreach programs, and experienced first-hand the joys and challenges of maintaining a successful conservation program. I think the highlight for many of us was the day spent working to de-worm the many goats in the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37064\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37064\" title=\"Group with Dr Carol 3\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Group-with-Dr-Carol-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"203\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Oakland Zoo team in Uganda\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Back at the zoo, a new concept launched: Quarters for Conservation. This program donates $.25 from each zoo admission to one of three featured conservation programs, and in our inaugural year, the Budongo Snare Removal Project was selected. Visitors receive a token at the gate and vote for their favorite project at the conservation voting station. Signage and often a volunteer, enlighten all Oakland Zoo visitors about the plight of these Ugandan primates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we have reached a critical time in the history of conserving wildlife, now is the time for all of us to care and take action. It is fortunate that most zoos do just that. We look forward to creating more ways our zoo can fully embrace the Budongo Snare Removal Project and all of our planet’s precious wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Zoos and Aquariums Embrace Conservation \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Text by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/author/amy-gotliffe/\">Amy Gotliffe\u003c/a>, Conservation Director at the Oakland Zoo.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many admirable conservation organizations around the world, but zoos and aquariums have a unique advantage: they welcome 175 million people through their gates each year. On a nice, affordable day out, these zoo-goers can be exposed to conservation messages at a variety of levels. In fact, zoos were ranked among the top most trusted messengers of wildlife conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zoos and aquariums are now on the forefront of wildlife protection. They raise and donate funds, send medical, educational and operational supplies to projects, raise awareness through lectures, classes and publications, donate expertise by sending vets and other staff to project sites and sell indigenous wares in their gift shops. They band together with other zoos in their ecosystem to work on local conservation issues, breed and release species, and provide medical attention to local wildlife. They are full service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conservation of wildlife is central to the mission of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/\">Oakland Zoo\u003c/a> as well, and we fully embrace the projects we are closest to. The \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2008/07/03/wire-snares-in-africa/\">Budongo Snare Removal Project\u003c/a> in Uganda is a good example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37084\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-37084\" title=\"603i chimp 2\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/603i-chimp-21-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A chimp from the Budongo Forest Reserve in Uganda\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This project protects endangered chimpanzees by providing a snare patrol and removal team, an educational outreach program and a means for getting protein for ex-poachers: goats!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/Conservation.php\">Oakland Zoo Conservation Fund\u003c/a> has been the sole financial supporter of the project since 2001. The funding is raised through an evening event and silent auction, called For the Love of Primates, in February, giving us a chance to raise awareness about the project, as well as funds. Discovering Primates Day also happens in February, where guests participate in fun, hands-on stations and learn about all primates and what each of us can do to help them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37037\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-37037\" title=\"ZC11 budongo shirts\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/ZC11-budongo-shirts-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kids participate in The Oakland Zoo's \"ZooCamp\"\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/ZooCamp.php\">Oakland Zoo’s ZooCamp\u003c/a> selected the Budongo Snare Removal Project as their beneficiary, thereby designating one dollar of every camper registration as a donation to the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the week, 1000 plus children donned in yellow t-shirts with the Budongo logo, connected to chimps and the project in a variety of ways. They visited our dynamic group of chimpanzees, created enrichment for them and participated in a theatrical, live presentation called Budongo Hour. Their ZooCamp gift was a \u003ca href=\"http://www.oaklandzoo.org/Zoo_Gift_shop.php\">Kibale Bead\u003c/a> bracelet made by an artisan group in Uganda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, an intrepid group of adults and an enthusiastic group of teens collected cameras, laptops, books, school supplies, medical supplies and notes of appreciation from staff and ZooCampers, and set sail for Uganda to visit the project. After a very warm welcome, each group delivered their goods, walked the forest with the snare patrol team, attended ex-poacher meetings, got schooled in their outreach programs, and experienced first-hand the joys and challenges of maintaining a successful conservation program. I think the highlight for many of us was the day spent working to de-worm the many goats in the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_37064\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 360px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-37064\" title=\"Group with Dr Carol 3\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Group-with-Dr-Carol-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"360\" height=\"203\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Oakland Zoo team in Uganda\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Back at the zoo, a new concept launched: Quarters for Conservation. This program donates $.25 from each zoo admission to one of three featured conservation programs, and in our inaugural year, the Budongo Snare Removal Project was selected. Visitors receive a token at the gate and vote for their favorite project at the conservation voting station. Signage and often a volunteer, enlighten all Oakland Zoo visitors about the plight of these Ugandan primates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we have reached a critical time in the history of conserving wildlife, now is the time for all of us to care and take action. It is fortunate that most zoos do just that. We look forward to creating more ways our zoo can fully embrace the Budongo Snare Removal Project and all of our planet’s precious wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California's Deadlocked Delta: Can it Be Fixed?",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-07-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the first story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36945\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-36945\" title=\"DeltaOverview\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A canal in the Delta, heading to the Central Valley Project.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you're not familiar with where the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is or why it's so important to the state, you're not alone. Polls show most Californians have never heard of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This relatively small part of California plays a crucial role in the state's water supply. And, as might be expected, it's become ground zero for a decades-long water war involving cities, farmers and fish. This year, the state is taking on an ambitious planning effort to break that deadlock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Re-plumbing California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason the Delta has this starring role is thanks to a basic geography problem. Almost all of the state's water is found in the top third of the state. Most of the population lives in the bottom two-thirds of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This issue was painfully obvious to state planners a century ago. The Central Valley promised rich soil for farmers, but had little rainfall. They knew for California to grow, they had to move water to drier parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta is where California's two largest rivers come together, carrying runoff from the Sierra Nevada Mountains. To water planners, it looked like the perfect place to tap into. California began building water infrastructure at a massive scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is exported out of the Delta primarily through two large pumping plants near Tracy, about 60 miles east of San Francisco. Each moves millions of gallons of water a minute. From there, the water rushes into concrete canals that reach Los Angeles, Silicon Valley and millions of acres of farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This 700-mile system has made California the state it is today. But it's come with a cost…\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>[youtube=http://accounts.icharts.net/icharts/embed/M3vTyChC]\n\u003cdiv id=\"chartdetails111327\" class=\"chartdetails\">\u003cspan>Chart: How We Use Delta Water\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Description: Water that flows through Delta is pumped hundreds of miles across California. The Central Valley Project sends water to farms, while the State Water Project reaches Los Angeles and Silicon Valley, as well as Central Valley farmland. The Bay Area also receives water from the North Bay Aqueduct and the Contra Costa Canal. In some years, as much as 50 percent of the water that flows through the Delta is exported.\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Tags: water, delta, diversions, san francisco bay delta, fishing, salmon, smelt, exports, CCWD, kqed, quest, Delta-Mendota Canal. BDCP, farming\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Author: \u003c/span>\u003cspan>\u003ca href=\"http://www.icharts.net\">charts powered by iCharts\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>An Ecosystem in Decline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a boat in the western Delta, environmental scientist Julio Adib-Samii and team from California's Department of Fish and Game pull in a long fishing net.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36947\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 234px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltasmelt.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-36947\" title=\"Deltasmelt\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltasmelt-234x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Delta smelt.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Well, we have an adult Delta smelt,\" he says, holding a small, silver endangered fish that smells distinctly like a cucumber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and Game scientists have done these \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/delta/data/\">monthly fish surveys\u003c/a> for decades. But starting in 2002, they noticed something strange. Where they once caught a lot of Delta smelt, now, they weren't catching any. The population had crashed, as well as populations of striped bass, threadfin shad, longfin smelt and Chinook salmon. In 2008, the commercial salmon fishery shut down completely for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Their decline is an indication of a changing environment and place they didn't evolve to be in,\" says Adib-Samii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta was once a massive tidal marsh, full of winding channels that spread out like capillaries. After the Gold Rush, settlers put up levees to create low-lying islands for farming. Ninety-seven percent of the historic wetlands were lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Multiple Stressors, One Big Question\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've converted almost every scrap of habitat in the Delta to farmland and we need to return some of that to habitat,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/bnelson/\">Barry Nelson\u003c/a>, senior policy analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council. The ecosystem has also been hit by pollution, invasive species – and by the pumping plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>More in our Series\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Timeline of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/whiskey%E2%80%99s-for-drinking-water%E2%80%99s-for-fighting-about/\">Delta history\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Q&A's with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-barry-nelson-nrdc/\">Barry Nelson\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-jason-peltier-of-wwd/\">Jason Peltier\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/what-is-california%E2%80%99s-delta/\">Video explainer\u003c/a> on \"What is the Delta?\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The pumps in the south Delta are so powerful that they literally reverse the direction of flow. It's very easy for those fish to follow that water and get sucked right into the pumps,\" says Nelson. A few years ago, federal wildlife agencies issued decisions requiring the pumping to slow down during certain times of year to protect fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This brings us to the central debate in the Delta: how much water should be pumped out and how much should be left for fish?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a limit to the amount of water you can pump from the Delta ecosystem and in the last decade it's become incredibly clear that we've exceeded that, and we've exceeded it by a lot,\" says Nelson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone agrees. \"There is, you know, always going to be shortages. But there's also a lot of years when we have absolutely plenty of water in the system to meet the reasonable needs that are out there,\" says Jason Peltier with \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, an agricultural area in the San Joaquin Valley that depends on Delta water. He says limits on pumping have hurt the district's farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't get a loan to farm unless you can show the banker what water you have. And they don't have a lot of confidence in going to their bankers,\" says Peltier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle over the environmental rules went to the courts. \"There was lawsuit after lawsuit,\" says John Laird, California's Secretary for Natural Resources. \"It got to the point that it made much more sense to look at the entire Delta as a whole.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A New Attempt at Progress\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laird's agency is trying to reach a compromise with the \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Home.aspx\">Bay Delta Conservation Plan\u003c/a>. The 10,000-page plan calls for a new way to pump water out of the Delta, through what's commonly known as the peripheral canal. Huge tunnels would take water from further upstream, bypassing the Delta, which supporters say would make the water supply more reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't a new idea. In 1982, California voters defeated a similar plan. \"The real debate is not the tunnel itself. It's how much water and when can it flow through the tunnel,\" says Laird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massive project could harm the Delta's endangered species, but Laird says they'll restore thousands of acres of wetlands to compensate. California voters would be on the hook for that cost, while the $12 billion tunnel would be paid for by water users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a tough sell but, according to Laird, a necessary one since climate change will make the state's water supply more unpredictable. The agency will release a full draft of the plan in July.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta has been the subject of a decades-long water war, but most Californians have never heard of it. Why is it so important? And can the state ever break the water deadlock? ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2012/05/2012-05-07-quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the first story in our three-part \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/series/californias-deadlocked-delta/\">series on California's Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36945\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-36945\" title=\"DeltaOverview\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/DeltaOverview-300x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A canal in the Delta, heading to the Central Valley Project.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>If you're not familiar with where the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is or why it's so important to the state, you're not alone. Polls show most Californians have never heard of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This relatively small part of California plays a crucial role in the state's water supply. And, as might be expected, it's become ground zero for a decades-long water war involving cities, farmers and fish. This year, the state is taking on an ambitious planning effort to break that deadlock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Re-plumbing California\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason the Delta has this starring role is thanks to a basic geography problem. Almost all of the state's water is found in the top third of the state. Most of the population lives in the bottom two-thirds of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This issue was painfully obvious to state planners a century ago. The Central Valley promised rich soil for farmers, but had little rainfall. They knew for California to grow, they had to move water to drier parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta is where California's two largest rivers come together, carrying runoff from the Sierra Nevada Mountains. To water planners, it looked like the perfect place to tap into. California began building water infrastructure at a massive scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water is exported out of the Delta primarily through two large pumping plants near Tracy, about 60 miles east of San Francisco. Each moves millions of gallons of water a minute. From there, the water rushes into concrete canals that reach Los Angeles, Silicon Valley and millions of acres of farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This 700-mile system has made California the state it is today. But it's come with a cost…\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/p>\u003cp>null\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003cdiv id=\"chartdetails111327\" class=\"chartdetails\">\u003cspan>Chart: How We Use Delta Water\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Description: Water that flows through Delta is pumped hundreds of miles across California. The Central Valley Project sends water to farms, while the State Water Project reaches Los Angeles and Silicon Valley, as well as Central Valley farmland. The Bay Area also receives water from the North Bay Aqueduct and the Contra Costa Canal. In some years, as much as 50 percent of the water that flows through the Delta is exported.\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Tags: water, delta, diversions, san francisco bay delta, fishing, salmon, smelt, exports, CCWD, kqed, quest, Delta-Mendota Canal. BDCP, farming\u003c/span>\u003cspan>Author: \u003c/span>\u003cspan>\u003ca href=\"http://www.icharts.net\">charts powered by iCharts\u003c/a>\u003c/span>\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cbr clear=\"all\">\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>An Ecosystem in Decline\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a boat in the western Delta, environmental scientist Julio Adib-Samii and team from California's Department of Fish and Game pull in a long fishing net.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_36947\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 234px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltasmelt.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-36947\" title=\"Deltasmelt\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2012/05/Deltasmelt-234x169.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"234\" height=\"169\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Delta smelt.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Well, we have an adult Delta smelt,\" he says, holding a small, silver endangered fish that smells distinctly like a cucumber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fish and Game scientists have done these \u003ca href=\"http://www.dfg.ca.gov/delta/data/\">monthly fish surveys\u003c/a> for decades. But starting in 2002, they noticed something strange. Where they once caught a lot of Delta smelt, now, they weren't catching any. The population had crashed, as well as populations of striped bass, threadfin shad, longfin smelt and Chinook salmon. In 2008, the commercial salmon fishery shut down completely for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Their decline is an indication of a changing environment and place they didn't evolve to be in,\" says Adib-Samii.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Delta was once a massive tidal marsh, full of winding channels that spread out like capillaries. After the Gold Rush, settlers put up levees to create low-lying islands for farming. Ninety-seven percent of the historic wetlands were lost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Multiple Stressors, One Big Question\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We've converted almost every scrap of habitat in the Delta to farmland and we need to return some of that to habitat,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://switchboard.nrdc.org/blogs/bnelson/\">Barry Nelson\u003c/a>, senior policy analyst with the Natural Resources Defense Council. The ecosystem has also been hit by pollution, invasive species – and by the pumping plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[box size=small align=right color=white]\u003cstrong>More in our Series\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Timeline of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/slideshow/whiskey%E2%80%99s-for-drinking-water%E2%80%99s-for-fighting-about/\">Delta history\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Q&A's with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-barry-nelson-nrdc/\">Barry Nelson\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/04/q-a-with-jason-peltier-of-wwd/\">Jason Peltier\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/video/what-is-california%E2%80%99s-delta/\">Video explainer\u003c/a> on \"What is the Delta?\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[/box]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The pumps in the south Delta are so powerful that they literally reverse the direction of flow. It's very easy for those fish to follow that water and get sucked right into the pumps,\" says Nelson. A few years ago, federal wildlife agencies issued decisions requiring the pumping to slow down during certain times of year to protect fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This brings us to the central debate in the Delta: how much water should be pumped out and how much should be left for fish?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a limit to the amount of water you can pump from the Delta ecosystem and in the last decade it's become incredibly clear that we've exceeded that, and we've exceeded it by a lot,\" says Nelson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone agrees. \"There is, you know, always going to be shortages. But there's also a lot of years when we have absolutely plenty of water in the system to meet the reasonable needs that are out there,\" says Jason Peltier with \u003ca href=\"http://www.westlandswater.org\">Westlands Water District\u003c/a>, an agricultural area in the San Joaquin Valley that depends on Delta water. He says limits on pumping have hurt the district's farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can't get a loan to farm unless you can show the banker what water you have. And they don't have a lot of confidence in going to their bankers,\" says Peltier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The battle over the environmental rules went to the courts. \"There was lawsuit after lawsuit,\" says John Laird, California's Secretary for Natural Resources. \"It got to the point that it made much more sense to look at the entire Delta as a whole.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A New Attempt at Progress\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laird's agency is trying to reach a compromise with the \u003ca href=\"http://baydeltaconservationplan.com/Home.aspx\">Bay Delta Conservation Plan\u003c/a>. The 10,000-page plan calls for a new way to pump water out of the Delta, through what's commonly known as the peripheral canal. Huge tunnels would take water from further upstream, bypassing the Delta, which supporters say would make the water supply more reliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't a new idea. 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},
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"order": 8
},
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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},
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 18
},
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
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