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"disqusTitle": "Dabbling and Diving Ducks: Catch the Spring Show",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52159\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 487px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/12/dabbling-and-diving-ducks-catch-the-spring-show/ducks_are_back/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52159\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-52159\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Ducks_Are_Back-487x360.jpg\" alt=\"Many ducks come to the Bay to spend the winter. Photo by Ingrid Taylar\" width=\"487\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many species of ducks come to the Bay to spend the winter. Photo by \u003ca title=\"Ducks are Back by Ingrid Taylar, Wikimedia\" href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ducks_Are_Back.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Ingrid Taylar\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“The ducks would appear in flocks, darkening the air…” \u003ca title=\"www.lagunadesantarosa.org\" href=\"http://www.lagunadesantarosa.org/pdfs/AppendixF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">William Heath Davis; Yerba Buena (San Francisco)\u003c/a>. c. 1846.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our winter ducks are getting ready to take flight for their summer breeding grounds. Subdued patterns have been replaced with vibrant breeding colors -- for the males at any rate. Any morning now, with the longer days and warm weather, we'll awaken and they'll have departed overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52160\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/12/dabbling-and-diving-ducks-catch-the-spring-show/ruddy_duck_oxyura_jamaicensis_rwd1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52160\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-52160\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Ruddy_Duck_Oxyura_jamaicensis_RWD1-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Male ruddy duck attracting attention in full breeding plumage. Photo by Dick Daniels.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Male ruddy duck attracting attention in full breeding plumage. Photo by Dick Daniels.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists generally divide ducks into three categories: \u003ca title=\"Dabblers vs. Divers, Stanford University\" href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Dabblers_vs._Divers.html\" target=\"_blank\">divers, dabblers, and “Sea Ducks”\u003c/a>. Here are a few of my favorites starting with the diving ducks. \u003ca title=\"Ruddy Duck ID, Cornell website\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Ruddy_Duck/id\" target=\"_blank\">Ruddy ducks\u003c/a> are built for underwater speed and agility, with their stiff tails used for steering underwater and large, webbed feet placed far back on their chunky bodies to propel them as they chase fish. Males are currently showing off their tawny red body feathers with bright blue bills set off against creamy cheeks. The females remain camouflaged brown with creamy cheek patches, good for sitting on nests unobserved. They’ll be \u003ca title=\"Aquarium of the Pacific, ruddy ducks information\" href=\"http://www.aquariumofpacific.org/onlinelearningcenter/species/ruddy_duck\" target=\"_blank\">migrating to Prairie Potholes\u003c/a> soon where they’ll build nests in reeds suspended over shallow water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enchanting \u003ca title=\"Northern Pintail ID, Cornell website\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Northern_Pintail/lifehistory\" target=\"_blank\">Northern pintail\u003c/a> ducks remind me of graceful ballerinas. Their slim shape and longish neck -- accented by a “racing stripe” of feathers on the males -- and elegant head are the essence of refinement. The male’s tail, which have the longest tail feathers in the duck world, gives them their name. They seem to be continually enacting “Swan Lake,” including their habit of dabbling by tipping, butts up, to feed on underwater vegetation and insects. They’ll be migrating to freshwater ponds from California and northeast as far as Canada and Alaska. They nest on the ground in brush or grass where the female can sit camouflaged until the ducklings hatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52161\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 435px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/12/dabbling-and-diving-ducks-catch-the-spring-show/northern_pintail_2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52161\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-52161\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Northern_pintail_2-435x253.jpg\" alt=\"A graceful male Northern pintail duck rests atop the water. Photo by Mehmet Karatay.\" width=\"435\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A graceful male Northern pintail duck rests atop the water. Photo by Mehmet Karatay.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Striking \u003ca title=\"Bufflehead Duck ID, Cornell website\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/bufflehead/lifehistory\" target=\"_blank\">buffleheads\u003c/a>, identified by the large white patch on the back of the male’s head and white bodies, are in the group known as Sea Ducks. Though they’re small, \u003ca title=\"Aquarium of the Pacific, bufflehead information\" href=\"http://www.aquariumofpacific.org/onlinelearningcenter/species/bufflehead\" target=\"_blank\">buffleheads migrate to Canadian and Alaskan breeding grounds\u003c/a> in aspen and boreal forests near lakes and ponds. A few isolated populations nest more locally. They seek out woodpecker holes 5-20 feet above the ground for their young and mates stay together for several seasons, which is unusual among ducks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can help with duck conservation by supporting efforts to maintain and restore healthy Bay habitats locally and nesting grounds further afield. You can also purchase \u003ca title=\"Duck Stamp Information, US Fish and Wildlife Service website\" href=\"http://www.fws.gov/duckstamps/Info/Stamps/stampinfo.htm\" target=\"_blank\">\"Duck Stamps\"\u003c/a>, a surprising way to support ducks even if you're not a hunter.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52159\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 487px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/12/dabbling-and-diving-ducks-catch-the-spring-show/ducks_are_back/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52159\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-52159\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Ducks_Are_Back-487x360.jpg\" alt=\"Many ducks come to the Bay to spend the winter. Photo by Ingrid Taylar\" width=\"487\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Many species of ducks come to the Bay to spend the winter. Photo by \u003ca title=\"Ducks are Back by Ingrid Taylar, Wikimedia\" href=\"http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ducks_Are_Back.jpg\" target=\"_blank\">Ingrid Taylar\u003c/a>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“The ducks would appear in flocks, darkening the air…” \u003ca title=\"www.lagunadesantarosa.org\" href=\"http://www.lagunadesantarosa.org/pdfs/AppendixF.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">William Heath Davis; Yerba Buena (San Francisco)\u003c/a>. c. 1846.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our winter ducks are getting ready to take flight for their summer breeding grounds. Subdued patterns have been replaced with vibrant breeding colors -- for the males at any rate. Any morning now, with the longer days and warm weather, we'll awaken and they'll have departed overnight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52160\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 337px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/12/dabbling-and-diving-ducks-catch-the-spring-show/ruddy_duck_oxyura_jamaicensis_rwd1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52160\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-52160\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Ruddy_Duck_Oxyura_jamaicensis_RWD1-337x253.jpg\" alt=\"Male ruddy duck attracting attention in full breeding plumage. Photo by Dick Daniels.\" width=\"337\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Male ruddy duck attracting attention in full breeding plumage. Photo by Dick Daniels.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scientists generally divide ducks into three categories: \u003ca title=\"Dabblers vs. Divers, Stanford University\" href=\"http://www.stanford.edu/group/stanfordbirds/text/essays/Dabblers_vs._Divers.html\" target=\"_blank\">divers, dabblers, and “Sea Ducks”\u003c/a>. Here are a few of my favorites starting with the diving ducks. \u003ca title=\"Ruddy Duck ID, Cornell website\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Ruddy_Duck/id\" target=\"_blank\">Ruddy ducks\u003c/a> are built for underwater speed and agility, with their stiff tails used for steering underwater and large, webbed feet placed far back on their chunky bodies to propel them as they chase fish. Males are currently showing off their tawny red body feathers with bright blue bills set off against creamy cheeks. The females remain camouflaged brown with creamy cheek patches, good for sitting on nests unobserved. They’ll be \u003ca title=\"Aquarium of the Pacific, ruddy ducks information\" href=\"http://www.aquariumofpacific.org/onlinelearningcenter/species/ruddy_duck\" target=\"_blank\">migrating to Prairie Potholes\u003c/a> soon where they’ll build nests in reeds suspended over shallow water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Enchanting \u003ca title=\"Northern Pintail ID, Cornell website\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/Northern_Pintail/lifehistory\" target=\"_blank\">Northern pintail\u003c/a> ducks remind me of graceful ballerinas. Their slim shape and longish neck -- accented by a “racing stripe” of feathers on the males -- and elegant head are the essence of refinement. The male’s tail, which have the longest tail feathers in the duck world, gives them their name. They seem to be continually enacting “Swan Lake,” including their habit of dabbling by tipping, butts up, to feed on underwater vegetation and insects. They’ll be migrating to freshwater ponds from California and northeast as far as Canada and Alaska. They nest on the ground in brush or grass where the female can sit camouflaged until the ducklings hatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52161\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 435px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/12/dabbling-and-diving-ducks-catch-the-spring-show/northern_pintail_2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52161\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-52161\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Northern_pintail_2-435x253.jpg\" alt=\"A graceful male Northern pintail duck rests atop the water. Photo by Mehmet Karatay.\" width=\"435\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A graceful male Northern pintail duck rests atop the water. Photo by Mehmet Karatay.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Striking \u003ca title=\"Bufflehead Duck ID, Cornell website\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/bufflehead/lifehistory\" target=\"_blank\">buffleheads\u003c/a>, identified by the large white patch on the back of the male’s head and white bodies, are in the group known as Sea Ducks. Though they’re small, \u003ca title=\"Aquarium of the Pacific, bufflehead information\" href=\"http://www.aquariumofpacific.org/onlinelearningcenter/species/bufflehead\" target=\"_blank\">buffleheads migrate to Canadian and Alaskan breeding grounds\u003c/a> in aspen and boreal forests near lakes and ponds. A few isolated populations nest more locally. They seek out woodpecker holes 5-20 feet above the ground for their young and mates stay together for several seasons, which is unusual among ducks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can help with duck conservation by supporting efforts to maintain and restore healthy Bay habitats locally and nesting grounds further afield. You can also purchase \u003ca title=\"Duck Stamp Information, US Fish and Wildlife Service website\" href=\"http://www.fws.gov/duckstamps/Info/Stamps/stampinfo.htm\" target=\"_blank\">\"Duck Stamps\"\u003c/a>, a surprising way to support ducks even if you're not a hunter.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Beavers Return to San Jose",
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"content": "\u003cp>The swallows may not be flocking back to Capistrano these days, but the beavers have returned to San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when they're not receiving guests, curled wood shavings and girdled willow trees give the critters away. It started when a lone beaver was spotted in the Guadalupe River, just across the street from HP Pavilion in downtown San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thrilled, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.grpg.org/\">Guadalupe River Park Conservancy\u003c/a> set up a trail camera to monitor its activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/TZkjtkIfGOs\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then another beaver appeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I jumped up out of my chair and high-fived my wife and hugged her when I saw the second beaver,” said Greg Kerekes of the conservancy, after going through the camera footage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, he discovered that three beavers, a pregnant mother and her two yearlings, were keeping house at the confluence of the \u003ca title=\"Wiki - Guadalupe R.\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe_River_%28California%29\">Guadalupe River\u003c/a> and \u003ca title=\"Wiki - Los Gatos Creek\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Gatos_Creek_%28Santa_Clara_County,_California%29\">Los Gatos Creek\u003c/a>. A family indicates they will likely settle, said conservancy executive director Leslee Hamilton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental educators hope the beavers will stay because they benefit wildlife and can help teach children about watersheds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Eyes get really wide when children hear about salmon in the river,” Hamilton said. “The beavers will enrich our program and show kids what an ecosystem is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Clara Valley Water District has decided that the beavers do not pose a threat to flood protection efforts. Located near a water intake, Hamilton says the beavers could not have picked a better spot. If water rises to a certain point, it pours into an underground concrete channel bypass that leads to a flood control plain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, a family of beavers also \u003ca title=\"Bay Nature - beavers\" href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/martinez-beavers/\">colonized Alhambra Creek\u003c/a> in downtown Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could sit at Starbucks, drink your morning coffee and watch kits (young beavers) play,” said Heidi Perryman, president of \u003ca title=\"Worth a Dam - home\" href=\"http://www.martinezbeavers.org/wordpress/\">Worth a Dam\u003c/a>, a beaver advocacy organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the beavers have settled in Martinez, the ecosystem has flourished, seeing at least 13 new species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The next year, the river otter returned, no doubt to hunt the now plentiful fish in the beaver ponds. Then the year after, the mink returned,” said Rick Lanman of the Institute of Historical Ecology in Los Altos. “All manner of birds and fish have returned, and we don't even know how many species of dragonflies and damselflies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beaver supporters praise the \u003ca title=\"Atlantic - beavers\" href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/06/leave-it-to-beavers/308980/\">benefits that beavers bestow\u003c/a> on the environment. The “ecosystem engineers” are a keystone species, and they raise water tables, create wetlands, clean water, slow water down and restore topsoil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lanman called beaver-created ponds “factories” for producing insects and fish, and “cafeterias” for birds and salmonids, such as trout and salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federally endangered species also benefit, such as the California red-legged frog and the southwest willow flycatcher. Beavers will cut down some trees and widen the amount of riverbank that gets watered, resulting in a net increase of trees, according to Lanman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armed with two industrial-grade incisors, beavers are often considered a nuisance. They cause problems with agriculture, damming irrigation canals and chewing trees. They also wreak havoc in urban areas, gnawing landscaping and flooding fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"A lost species has found its way back.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Beavers, North America’s largest rodents, are native to the Bay Area, but their numbers dwindled because of fur trading. In 1997, they were reintroduced to the Lexington Reservoir in Los Gatos, and the Guadalupe beavers arrived by swimming down Los Gatos Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lost species has found its way back,” Kerekes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beavers are starting to spread in the South Bay, a sign that the ecosystem may be able to support larger mammals again and that restoration efforts have been successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norma Camacho, the water district’s chief operating officer for watersheds, said she is thrilled that efforts to improve the Guadalupe ecosystem are working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, a beaver was spotted in the Guadalupe River near Hedding Street in San Jose and another at the Sunnyvale Water Pollution Control Plant. In 2008, beaver tracks were also spotted in Charleston Slough near the Palo Alto-Mountain View border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have been cruising the South Bay for awhile,” Lanman said. “The \u003ca title=\"NewsFix - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/09/12/bay-salt-pond-restoration-reaches-milestone-tomorrow/\">conversion of the South Bay salt ponds\u003c/a> back to tidal marsh may be providing the beaver with a means to access the South Bay rivers. Beaver can cross salt water easily and even live in it if it's brackish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perryman said people could see the beavers as a good sign for the river and its good fortune, adding that beavers revitalize ecosystems for free, unlike cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A small investment in restoration continues to yield dividends,” Lanman said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A family of beavers has taken up residence in the Guadalupe River, across from the HP Pavilion. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The swallows may not be flocking back to Capistrano these days, but the beavers have returned to San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even when they're not receiving guests, curled wood shavings and girdled willow trees give the critters away. It started when a lone beaver was spotted in the Guadalupe River, just across the street from HP Pavilion in downtown San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thrilled, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.grpg.org/\">Guadalupe River Park Conservancy\u003c/a> set up a trail camera to monitor its activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/TZkjtkIfGOs\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then another beaver appeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I jumped up out of my chair and high-fived my wife and hugged her when I saw the second beaver,” said Greg Kerekes of the conservancy, after going through the camera footage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, he discovered that three beavers, a pregnant mother and her two yearlings, were keeping house at the confluence of the \u003ca title=\"Wiki - Guadalupe R.\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guadalupe_River_%28California%29\">Guadalupe River\u003c/a> and \u003ca title=\"Wiki - Los Gatos Creek\" href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Gatos_Creek_%28Santa_Clara_County,_California%29\">Los Gatos Creek\u003c/a>. A family indicates they will likely settle, said conservancy executive director Leslee Hamilton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental educators hope the beavers will stay because they benefit wildlife and can help teach children about watersheds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Eyes get really wide when children hear about salmon in the river,” Hamilton said. “The beavers will enrich our program and show kids what an ecosystem is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Santa Clara Valley Water District has decided that the beavers do not pose a threat to flood protection efforts. Located near a water intake, Hamilton says the beavers could not have picked a better spot. If water rises to a certain point, it pours into an underground concrete channel bypass that leads to a flood control plain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2007, a family of beavers also \u003ca title=\"Bay Nature - beavers\" href=\"http://baynature.org/articles/martinez-beavers/\">colonized Alhambra Creek\u003c/a> in downtown Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You could sit at Starbucks, drink your morning coffee and watch kits (young beavers) play,” said Heidi Perryman, president of \u003ca title=\"Worth a Dam - home\" href=\"http://www.martinezbeavers.org/wordpress/\">Worth a Dam\u003c/a>, a beaver advocacy organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the beavers have settled in Martinez, the ecosystem has flourished, seeing at least 13 new species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The next year, the river otter returned, no doubt to hunt the now plentiful fish in the beaver ponds. Then the year after, the mink returned,” said Rick Lanman of the Institute of Historical Ecology in Los Altos. “All manner of birds and fish have returned, and we don't even know how many species of dragonflies and damselflies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beaver supporters praise the \u003ca title=\"Atlantic - beavers\" href=\"http://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2012/06/leave-it-to-beavers/308980/\">benefits that beavers bestow\u003c/a> on the environment. The “ecosystem engineers” are a keystone species, and they raise water tables, create wetlands, clean water, slow water down and restore topsoil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lanman called beaver-created ponds “factories” for producing insects and fish, and “cafeterias” for birds and salmonids, such as trout and salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federally endangered species also benefit, such as the California red-legged frog and the southwest willow flycatcher. Beavers will cut down some trees and widen the amount of riverbank that gets watered, resulting in a net increase of trees, according to Lanman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Armed with two industrial-grade incisors, beavers are often considered a nuisance. They cause problems with agriculture, damming irrigation canals and chewing trees. They also wreak havoc in urban areas, gnawing landscaping and flooding fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">\"A lost species has found its way back.\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Beavers, North America’s largest rodents, are native to the Bay Area, but their numbers dwindled because of fur trading. In 1997, they were reintroduced to the Lexington Reservoir in Los Gatos, and the Guadalupe beavers arrived by swimming down Los Gatos Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lost species has found its way back,” Kerekes said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The beavers are starting to spread in the South Bay, a sign that the ecosystem may be able to support larger mammals again and that restoration efforts have been successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Norma Camacho, the water district’s chief operating officer for watersheds, said she is thrilled that efforts to improve the Guadalupe ecosystem are working.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, a beaver was spotted in the Guadalupe River near Hedding Street in San Jose and another at the Sunnyvale Water Pollution Control Plant. In 2008, beaver tracks were also spotted in Charleston Slough near the Palo Alto-Mountain View border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have been cruising the South Bay for awhile,” Lanman said. “The \u003ca title=\"NewsFix - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/09/12/bay-salt-pond-restoration-reaches-milestone-tomorrow/\">conversion of the South Bay salt ponds\u003c/a> back to tidal marsh may be providing the beaver with a means to access the South Bay rivers. Beaver can cross salt water easily and even live in it if it's brackish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perryman said people could see the beavers as a good sign for the river and its good fortune, adding that beavers revitalize ecosystems for free, unlike cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A small investment in restoration continues to yield dividends,” Lanman said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Side Trips from Interstate 5: Great Valley Rivers and Grasslands",
"title": "Side Trips from Interstate 5: Great Valley Rivers and Grasslands",
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"content": "\u003cp>Springtime is my favorite time to see the floor of the Great Valley. If the weather is fine, the temperatures are moderate and the mountains on both sides of the valley—the Coast Range and the Sierra Nevada—are visible wherever you can get a clear view of the horizon. Such were conditions when I took this side trip from I-5, which leaves the freeway at the Patterson exit, in Stanislaus County, and returns to it at the Mercey Springs Road exit, in Merced County. Along the way it crosses two of the Valley's major rivers and the heart of its wetlands. Both ends are at the dramatic uplifted front of the Coast Range, exposing the thick section of sedimentary rocks that lie beneath that flat valley floor and record its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the route along with the geology (made, as usual, with the help of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.quake.ca.gov/gmaps/GMC/stategeologicmap.html\">interactive state geologic map\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52179\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/grassrivermaps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52179\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-52179\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps.png\" alt=\"Route map and geologic map.\" width=\"640\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps-400x344.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Great Valley Sequence rocks are upturned along the east edge of the Coast Range, increasing in age to the west: QPc, Quaternary-Pliocene continental sediment; E, Eocene marine rocks; Ep, Paleocene marine rocks; Ku, Cretaceous marine rocks. Qoa, aprons of old alluvium. The main valley floor is young alluvial sediment. The area east of Irwin is Ice Age sand from the Merced River. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Drive through Patterson and get on Las Palmas Avenue. This may be the Valley's grandest allee of palm trees, although there's another one near Chowchilla you could see in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/\">another I-5 side trip\u003c/a>. (Note to geologists: Turlock has an excellent brewpub if your trip calls for one.) Once out of town, you enter some of California's hardest-working farmland, based on excellent soils and abundant water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South of Turlock, keep an eye on the roadside and notice as the soil turns sandy. Just below the \"165\" mark, you cross the Merced River, which is responsible for all that sand, marked on the geologic map by the lighter patch. Here Hagaman County Park offers a good view of the river, which still flows at a good clip all this way from Yosemite Valley. Notice, too, the levee north of the river, which keeps the annual floods from spilling wide over the countryside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/mercedriver/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52181\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52181\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver.jpg\" alt=\"mercedriver\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South of State Route 140 at the edge of the sand unit, the road crosses the San Joaquin River and enters the moist bottomland of the San Joaquin Valley. From here almost all the way to Los Banos is widespread tule marsh. Water is harvested from here and pumped to the San Luis Reservoir to regulate flow in the canals that serve the farms. That little squiggle of roadway west of 165 is actually the levee paths in Great Valley Grasslands State Park, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=25155\">six-mile walk\u003c/a> through a patch of the habitat that once covered vast stretches of the Valley. The path takes you along the San Joaquin River itself, much quieter than the Merced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/sjriver/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52183\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52183\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver.jpg\" alt=\"SJriver\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grasslands include some vernal pools: shallow basins that fill with water in the winter and dry out slowly over the course of the spring, offering habitat for a great variety of plants and animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/vernalpool/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52184\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52184\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool.jpg\" alt=\"vernalpool\" width=\"600\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool-400x233.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter was very dry, so the pools were not spectacular. As I walked I was reminded of William Brewer's \u003ca href=\"http://upanddowncalifornia.wordpress.com/2013/04/09/april-9-1863-kings-river/\">description of this country exactly 150 years earlier\u003c/a>: \"We rode upward of thirty miles without any tree or bush—except once a single small willow was visible for two hours, but we passed nearly two miles from it; it was a mere speck. Hour after hour we plodded on. The road was good but a dead level—no hill or ridge ten feet high relieved the even surface—no house, no tree—one hour was but like the next—it was like the ocean, but it depressed the spirits more.\" But then I spotted a nice patch of goldfields and gave my camera a treat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/goldfields/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52185\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52185\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields.jpg\" alt=\"goldfields\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Banos, the Los Banos County Park just a few blocks west on route 152 has a museum, as well as bathrooms and shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/hornito/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52186\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52186\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito.jpg\" alt=\"hornito\" width=\"500\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito-400x289.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Los Baños\" means \"the baths,\" and it got its name from the clear pools in Los Banos Creek where it leaves the Coast Range, so refreshing to Father Arroyo in the Mission days that he made a point of returning regularly. Today everyone has bathtubs and it's hard to imagine being excited by such a thing. Father Arroyo's baths were soon erased as the creek was dammed, an early step in the immense and still incomplete project of harnessing and managing California's water. Los Banos Creek Reservoir is just west of the lowest I-5 symbol on the map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The steep face of the Laguna Seca Hills, eastern rampart of the Coast Range, looms as route 165 approaches the freeway again. Along the road you may notice long piles of white rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/diatomitepile/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52187\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52187\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile.jpg\" alt=\"diatomitepile\" width=\"600\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile-400x246.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pull over and take a look at some. It's \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/rocks/ig/sedrockindex/diatomite.htm\">diatomite\u003c/a>, a styrofoam-light rock made exclusively of microscopic diatom shells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/diatomite/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52188\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52188\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite.jpg\" alt=\"diatomite\" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This material testifies to a long-lived, quiet brackish or alkaline lake that existed here millions of years ago. Different accidents of tectonics have turned the Valley, at various times in the geologic past, into a freshwater lake, an inland sea or a dry desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quarry that yields this material is up in the Laguna Seca Hills just behind this view; you can see it in Google Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/lagunasecahills/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52189\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52189\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills.jpg\" alt=\"lagunasecahills\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state geologic map shows that the Laguna Seca Hills expose an unusually complete and compact cross section of the Great Valley Sequence. If only we could access the rocks! But it's private land, and anyway here's the freeway again.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Springtime is my favorite time to see the floor of the Great Valley. If the weather is fine, the temperatures are moderate and the mountains on both sides of the valley—the Coast Range and the Sierra Nevada—are visible wherever you can get a clear view of the horizon. Such were conditions when I took this side trip from I-5, which leaves the freeway at the Patterson exit, in Stanislaus County, and returns to it at the Mercey Springs Road exit, in Merced County. Along the way it crosses two of the Valley's major rivers and the heart of its wetlands. Both ends are at the dramatic uplifted front of the Coast Range, exposing the thick section of sedimentary rocks that lie beneath that flat valley floor and record its history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the route along with the geology (made, as usual, with the help of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.quake.ca.gov/gmaps/GMC/stategeologicmap.html\">interactive state geologic map\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52179\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/grassrivermaps/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52179\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-52179\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps.png\" alt=\"Route map and geologic map.\" width=\"640\" height=\"550\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps.png 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/grassrivermaps-400x344.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Great Valley Sequence rocks are upturned along the east edge of the Coast Range, increasing in age to the west: QPc, Quaternary-Pliocene continental sediment; E, Eocene marine rocks; Ep, Paleocene marine rocks; Ku, Cretaceous marine rocks. Qoa, aprons of old alluvium. The main valley floor is young alluvial sediment. The area east of Irwin is Ice Age sand from the Merced River. All photos by Andrew Alden\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Drive through Patterson and get on Las Palmas Avenue. This may be the Valley's grandest allee of palm trees, although there's another one near Chowchilla you could see in \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/05/24/side-trips-from-interstate-5-the-deep-san-joaquin-valley/\">another I-5 side trip\u003c/a>. (Note to geologists: Turlock has an excellent brewpub if your trip calls for one.) Once out of town, you enter some of California's hardest-working farmland, based on excellent soils and abundant water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South of Turlock, keep an eye on the roadside and notice as the soil turns sandy. Just below the \"165\" mark, you cross the Merced River, which is responsible for all that sand, marked on the geologic map by the lighter patch. Here Hagaman County Park offers a good view of the river, which still flows at a good clip all this way from Yosemite Valley. Notice, too, the levee north of the river, which keeps the annual floods from spilling wide over the countryside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/mercedriver/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52181\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52181\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver.jpg\" alt=\"mercedriver\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mercedriver-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South of State Route 140 at the edge of the sand unit, the road crosses the San Joaquin River and enters the moist bottomland of the San Joaquin Valley. From here almost all the way to Los Banos is widespread tule marsh. Water is harvested from here and pumped to the San Luis Reservoir to regulate flow in the canals that serve the farms. That little squiggle of roadway west of 165 is actually the levee paths in Great Valley Grasslands State Park, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=25155\">six-mile walk\u003c/a> through a patch of the habitat that once covered vast stretches of the Valley. The path takes you along the San Joaquin River itself, much quieter than the Merced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/sjriver/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52183\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52183\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver.jpg\" alt=\"SJriver\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SJriver-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The grasslands include some vernal pools: shallow basins that fill with water in the winter and dry out slowly over the course of the spring, offering habitat for a great variety of plants and animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/vernalpool/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52184\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52184\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool.jpg\" alt=\"vernalpool\" width=\"600\" height=\"350\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/vernalpool-400x233.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This winter was very dry, so the pools were not spectacular. As I walked I was reminded of William Brewer's \u003ca href=\"http://upanddowncalifornia.wordpress.com/2013/04/09/april-9-1863-kings-river/\">description of this country exactly 150 years earlier\u003c/a>: \"We rode upward of thirty miles without any tree or bush—except once a single small willow was visible for two hours, but we passed nearly two miles from it; it was a mere speck. Hour after hour we plodded on. The road was good but a dead level—no hill or ridge ten feet high relieved the even surface—no house, no tree—one hour was but like the next—it was like the ocean, but it depressed the spirits more.\" But then I spotted a nice patch of goldfields and gave my camera a treat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/goldfields/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52185\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52185\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields.jpg\" alt=\"goldfields\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/goldfields-400x300.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Banos, the Los Banos County Park just a few blocks west on route 152 has a museum, as well as bathrooms and shade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/hornito/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52186\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52186\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito.jpg\" alt=\"hornito\" width=\"500\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/hornito-400x289.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Los Baños\" means \"the baths,\" and it got its name from the clear pools in Los Banos Creek where it leaves the Coast Range, so refreshing to Father Arroyo in the Mission days that he made a point of returning regularly. Today everyone has bathtubs and it's hard to imagine being excited by such a thing. Father Arroyo's baths were soon erased as the creek was dammed, an early step in the immense and still incomplete project of harnessing and managing California's water. Los Banos Creek Reservoir is just west of the lowest I-5 symbol on the map.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The steep face of the Laguna Seca Hills, eastern rampart of the Coast Range, looms as route 165 approaches the freeway again. Along the road you may notice long piles of white rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/diatomitepile/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52187\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52187\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile.jpg\" alt=\"diatomitepile\" width=\"600\" height=\"369\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomitepile-400x246.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pull over and take a look at some. It's \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/rocks/ig/sedrockindex/diatomite.htm\">diatomite\u003c/a>, a styrofoam-light rock made exclusively of microscopic diatom shells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/diatomite/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52188\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52188\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite.jpg\" alt=\"diatomite\" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite.jpg 500w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/diatomite-400x320.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This material testifies to a long-lived, quiet brackish or alkaline lake that existed here millions of years ago. Different accidents of tectonics have turned the Valley, at various times in the geologic past, into a freshwater lake, an inland sea or a dry desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quarry that yields this material is up in the Laguna Seca Hills just behind this view; you can see it in Google Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/11/side-trips-from-interstate-5-great-valley-rivers-and-grasslands/lagunasecahills/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-52189\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-52189\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills.jpg\" alt=\"lagunasecahills\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills.jpg 600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/lagunasecahills-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state geologic map shows that the Laguna Seca Hills expose an unusually complete and compact cross section of the Great Valley Sequence. If only we could access the rocks! But it's private land, and anyway here's the freeway again.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "DNA Ancestry Tests: Simultaneously Powerful and Limited",
"title": "DNA Ancestry Tests: Simultaneously Powerful and Limited",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51967\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/08/dna-ancestry-tests-simultaneously-powerful-and-limited/obama/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51967\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Obama.jpg\" alt=\"Using a common DNA ancestry test, President Obama would be 100% Caucasian.\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\" class=\"size-full wp-image-51967\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Obama.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Obama-400x224.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Using a common DNA ancestry test, President Obama would be 100% Caucasian.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sometimes genetic tests aren’t as useful as you think they will be. For example, if President Obama were to take a common ancestry DNA test, it would almost certainly come back as 100% Caucasian. Useful, huh?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sort of test, a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) test, can look into the deep past but it can only see mom’s side of the family. And it isn’t even really that powerful. It not only ignores dad’s side of the family, but in reality it can only see a sliver of mom’s as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So with this test you can see your mom and her mom and her mom’s mom and so on. You can also see your mom’s sister and her kids and your grandma’s sister and her kids. What you won’t see, though, is your mom’s brother’s kids or your grandma’s brother’s kids or any male relative’s on your mom’s side of the family. It really only follows back a direct, specific maternal line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is why President Obama would look Caucasian in this test...because his mom is Caucasian. Now of course with a little knowledge about these sorts of tests, President Obama wouldn’t be surprised. But not everyone knows they have a relative on their direct maternal line who is of a different ethnic group. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know of a case where a self-identified African-American woman had a mtDNA test done to try to determine what part of Africa her ancestors came from. Apparently they came from Europe; her test came back 100% Caucasian. This is despite the fact that all her living relatives were African-American and no one can remember any relatives who were Caucasian. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As this result shows, we don’t have to come up with an explanation like President Obama’s—it doesn’t have to be that her mom was Caucasian. Because of how these tests work, the DNA from this test could have come from a woman five, ten or even fifty generations back. Mitochondrial DNA passes from mother to child virtually unchanged, generation after generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What this means is that there is no dilution of mtDNA as the generations pass. Mom’s mtDNA is pretty much the same as grandma’s which is pretty much the same as great grandma’s and so on. This DNA doesn’t dilute over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is one way to show what might have happened to this woman’s DNA over the generations:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/08/dna-ancestry-tests-simultaneously-powerful-and-limited/mtdnaft3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51970\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mtDNAft3.jpg\" alt=\"mtDNAft3\" width=\"400\" height=\"281\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-51970\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the diagram, circles are women and squares are men. Also, white means Caucasian and black means African.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the left, we are following the mtDNA of the tested woman and on the right we are following the rest of her DNA. She is the circle at the bottom of the family tree on each side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What you can see on the right is that over the generations, the original Caucasian DNA is being diluted out. It goes from 50% to 25% to 12.5% and so on as you’d expect. The same isn’t true for the mtDNA on the left. It stays Caucasian generation after generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if we look at most of her DNA, she looks African-American. We may not even see that sliver of Caucasian! But her mtDNA is 100% Caucasian. No wonder she was confused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously she can’t find out what part of Africa her ancestors came from with this test. But let’s say she got a more typical result and her mtDNA could be traced back to some part of Africa. What does that result really mean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the result here shows, it may not mean as much as she hopes. Imagine the previous scenario but instead of being Caucasian, the woman from five or ten generations ago came from a different part of Africa than the rest of her relatives. She would come away thinking her relatives were from one part of Africa when most of them were really from another. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She would not get the answer she was looking for but there is no way for her to know she got the “wrong” answer. She would simply go on believing she was from a part of Africa she really wasn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, there really isn’t a better DNA test for looking back in time. The most useful tests, the autosomal ones that look at all our DNA, can only go back four or five generations before becoming \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/12/10/doing-the-recombination-shuffle/\">hopelessly jumbled\u003c/a>. For most African-Americans, this isn’t far enough back to find their African ancestors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other kind of test, the Y chromosome test, can go as far back along the paternal line as the mtDNA test can along the maternal line but it suffers from the same problems. In fact, a surprising number (\u003ca href=\"http://www.africanancestry.com/patriclan.html\">35%?\u003c/a>) of African-American men actually have Caucasian Y chromosomes (well, given plantation life, maybe not so surprising). None of these men will learn anything about their African heritage with this test. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the bottom line is don’t put too much faith into DNA testing alone. It is kind of fun to trace back your history this way but you are really only following one strand of your ancestral web back in time. The rest of the web is invisible to DNA testing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course mtDNA tests have been incredibly useful scientifically. They’ve let us \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/ask/ask386\">trace human migration\u003c/a> as we spread out of Africa and even trace all of our lines back to a single woman, \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/ask-a-geneticist/y-adam-and-mitochondrial-eve\">Mitochondrial Eve\u003c/a>. Recently these tests were even used to confirm that a skeleton found under a parking garage in England \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/ask-a-geneticist/richard-iii\">belonged to King Richard III\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just don’t count on mtDNA tests giving you a broad understanding of your own family history. They won’t.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51967\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/08/dna-ancestry-tests-simultaneously-powerful-and-limited/obama/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51967\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Obama.jpg\" alt=\"Using a common DNA ancestry test, President Obama would be 100% Caucasian.\" width=\"640\" height=\"358\" class=\"size-full wp-image-51967\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Obama.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/Obama-400x224.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Using a common DNA ancestry test, President Obama would be 100% Caucasian.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sometimes genetic tests aren’t as useful as you think they will be. For example, if President Obama were to take a common ancestry DNA test, it would almost certainly come back as 100% Caucasian. Useful, huh?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This sort of test, a mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) test, can look into the deep past but it can only see mom’s side of the family. And it isn’t even really that powerful. It not only ignores dad’s side of the family, but in reality it can only see a sliver of mom’s as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So with this test you can see your mom and her mom and her mom’s mom and so on. You can also see your mom’s sister and her kids and your grandma’s sister and her kids. What you won’t see, though, is your mom’s brother’s kids or your grandma’s brother’s kids or any male relative’s on your mom’s side of the family. It really only follows back a direct, specific maternal line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is why President Obama would look Caucasian in this test...because his mom is Caucasian. Now of course with a little knowledge about these sorts of tests, President Obama wouldn’t be surprised. But not everyone knows they have a relative on their direct maternal line who is of a different ethnic group. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I know of a case where a self-identified African-American woman had a mtDNA test done to try to determine what part of Africa her ancestors came from. Apparently they came from Europe; her test came back 100% Caucasian. This is despite the fact that all her living relatives were African-American and no one can remember any relatives who were Caucasian. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As this result shows, we don’t have to come up with an explanation like President Obama’s—it doesn’t have to be that her mom was Caucasian. Because of how these tests work, the DNA from this test could have come from a woman five, ten or even fifty generations back. Mitochondrial DNA passes from mother to child virtually unchanged, generation after generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What this means is that there is no dilution of mtDNA as the generations pass. Mom’s mtDNA is pretty much the same as grandma’s which is pretty much the same as great grandma’s and so on. This DNA doesn’t dilute over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is one way to show what might have happened to this woman’s DNA over the generations:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/08/dna-ancestry-tests-simultaneously-powerful-and-limited/mtdnaft3/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51970\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/mtDNAft3.jpg\" alt=\"mtDNAft3\" width=\"400\" height=\"281\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-51970\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the diagram, circles are women and squares are men. Also, white means Caucasian and black means African.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the left, we are following the mtDNA of the tested woman and on the right we are following the rest of her DNA. She is the circle at the bottom of the family tree on each side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What you can see on the right is that over the generations, the original Caucasian DNA is being diluted out. It goes from 50% to 25% to 12.5% and so on as you’d expect. The same isn’t true for the mtDNA on the left. It stays Caucasian generation after generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if we look at most of her DNA, she looks African-American. We may not even see that sliver of Caucasian! But her mtDNA is 100% Caucasian. No wonder she was confused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obviously she can’t find out what part of Africa her ancestors came from with this test. But let’s say she got a more typical result and her mtDNA could be traced back to some part of Africa. What does that result really mean?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the result here shows, it may not mean as much as she hopes. Imagine the previous scenario but instead of being Caucasian, the woman from five or ten generations ago came from a different part of Africa than the rest of her relatives. She would come away thinking her relatives were from one part of Africa when most of them were really from another. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She would not get the answer she was looking for but there is no way for her to know she got the “wrong” answer. She would simply go on believing she was from a part of Africa she really wasn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, there really isn’t a better DNA test for looking back in time. The most useful tests, the autosomal ones that look at all our DNA, can only go back four or five generations before becoming \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2007/12/10/doing-the-recombination-shuffle/\">hopelessly jumbled\u003c/a>. For most African-Americans, this isn’t far enough back to find their African ancestors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other kind of test, the Y chromosome test, can go as far back along the paternal line as the mtDNA test can along the maternal line but it suffers from the same problems. In fact, a surprising number (\u003ca href=\"http://www.africanancestry.com/patriclan.html\">35%?\u003c/a>) of African-American men actually have Caucasian Y chromosomes (well, given plantation life, maybe not so surprising). None of these men will learn anything about their African heritage with this test. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the bottom line is don’t put too much faith into DNA testing alone. It is kind of fun to trace back your history this way but you are really only following one strand of your ancestral web back in time. The rest of the web is invisible to DNA testing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course mtDNA tests have been incredibly useful scientifically. They’ve let us \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/ask/ask386\">trace human migration\u003c/a> as we spread out of Africa and even trace all of our lines back to a single woman, \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/ask-a-geneticist/y-adam-and-mitochondrial-eve\">Mitochondrial Eve\u003c/a>. Recently these tests were even used to confirm that a skeleton found under a parking garage in England \u003ca href=\"http://genetics.thetech.org/ask-a-geneticist/richard-iii\">belonged to King Richard III\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just don’t count on mtDNA tests giving you a broad understanding of your own family history. They won’t.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Navy Training Raises New Concerns for Whales off California Coast",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/quest/2013/04/20130408quest.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The US Navy is planning to increase training exercises off the Southern California coast, including sonar and explosives training. That’s raising concerns for whales and marine mammals on the entire coast including gray, humpback and blue whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonar is known to disturb whales and can harm their hearing, a danger in an environment where sound is dominant. Sound travels four times faster underwater than it does in air, making it a powerful communication tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52057\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-52057\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg\" alt=\"(Jason Isley/Scubazoo)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Jason Isley/Scubazoo)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The physical environment of the ocean really favors the use of sound and the animals have evolved accordingly,” said Brandon Southall, a marine scientist affiliated with the University of California-Santa Cruz. For the last few years, he’s been recording whales off California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue whales use deep rumblings, almost too low for humans to hear. “Some of these low-frequency sounds can be picked up hundreds of miles away from where the animals are,” said Southall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other dolphins and whales use sound to locate objects in the water through echolocation. It’s a key tool for deep-diving beaked whales, a family of rarely seen and little-understood whales found off the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a pattern of clicking that’s almost like a searchlight, where they’re flashing this strobe of sound,” Southall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navy sonar technology is based on the same idea, but the sounds can be four times louder than a whale call, loud enough to actually harm whales and in rare cases, kill them. That happened with a group of beaked whales in the Bahamas in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were training exercises, military sonar training exercises, and shortly thereafter, an atypical number of animals washed up dead on the beach,” said Southall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southall studies the effects of sonar, work that’s funded in part by the US Navy. Most commonly, sonar disrupts marine mammal behavior – sometimes behavior that’s crucial to survival. Southall and his team have seen blue whales and beaked whales stop feeding because of sonar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We absolutely share the concern about protecting marine mammals,” said Alex Stone, an environmental program manager with the Navy’s Pacific Fleet. The fleet has done sonar training off Southern California and Hawaii for years. Beginning next year, commanders are looking to increase it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A training scenario may involve two or three Navy destroyers out looking for a submarine,” said Stone. The threat of submarine warfare decreased after the end of the Cold War, “but that trend has absolutely reversed and there’s been a proliferation of these very quiet, inexpensive diesel-electric submarines that a lot of countries have now,” including North Korea, explained Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Navy’s analysis, the sonar-training program could affect the behavior of whales, dolphins and marine mammals millions of times over five years. Stone says there are lookouts on board Navy ships that stop training runs if whales are spotted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think that the mitigation measures are effective, but it’s true, you’re never going to see every marine mammal that’s there,” said Stone. “But in terms of impacts on species, we really haven’t seen any of those after years and years of doing these same types of training and testing activities in these same areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s always been a dubious argument but in light of new information it’s wearing especially thin,” said Michael Jasny of the Natural Resources Defense Council. “We now know that beaked whales off California are declining precipitously. We know that blue whales aren’t recovering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jasny says the Navy should avoid key areas, like gray whale migration routes and the summer feeding grounds of endangered blue and fin whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Southern California is a globally important feeding habitat for them,” said Jasny. “It should be elementary common sense to avoid the core feeding habitat of blue whales. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state of California came to the same conclusion in a review of the Navy’s plan. At a March meeting, the California Coastal Commission staff recommended the Navy stay out of sensitive areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We rely on this large area and when you start to segment it in little areas where - you can go here, can’t go there - it really affects the training realism,” Stone responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five years ago, California made the same request, but the Navy went ahead with the training anyway, citing national security concerns. The Coastal Commission sued and lost. This time, state officials didn’t mince words, like Commissioner Jana Zimmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got this stumbling block of the Navy being completely unwilling – completely unwilling to accept any of the mitigations,” Zimmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy is also seeking approval from federal wildlife officials with the National Marine Fisheries Service. The agency is expected to make a decision later this year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The US Navy is planning to increase training exercises off the Southern California coast, including sonar and explosives training. That’s raising concerns for whales and marine mammals on the entire coast including gray, humpback and blue whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sonar is known to disturb whales and can harm their hearing, a danger in an environment where sound is dominant. Sound travels four times faster underwater than it does in air, making it a powerful communication tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_52057\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-52057\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg\" alt=\"(Jason Isley/Scubazoo)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/GettyImages_116382567-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Jason Isley/Scubazoo)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The physical environment of the ocean really favors the use of sound and the animals have evolved accordingly,” said Brandon Southall, a marine scientist affiliated with the University of California-Santa Cruz. For the last few years, he’s been recording whales off California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blue whales use deep rumblings, almost too low for humans to hear. “Some of these low-frequency sounds can be picked up hundreds of miles away from where the animals are,” said Southall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other dolphins and whales use sound to locate objects in the water through echolocation. It’s a key tool for deep-diving beaked whales, a family of rarely seen and little-understood whales found off the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a pattern of clicking that’s almost like a searchlight, where they’re flashing this strobe of sound,” Southall said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navy sonar technology is based on the same idea, but the sounds can be four times louder than a whale call, loud enough to actually harm whales and in rare cases, kill them. That happened with a group of beaked whales in the Bahamas in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were training exercises, military sonar training exercises, and shortly thereafter, an atypical number of animals washed up dead on the beach,” said Southall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southall studies the effects of sonar, work that’s funded in part by the US Navy. Most commonly, sonar disrupts marine mammal behavior – sometimes behavior that’s crucial to survival. Southall and his team have seen blue whales and beaked whales stop feeding because of sonar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We absolutely share the concern about protecting marine mammals,” said Alex Stone, an environmental program manager with the Navy’s Pacific Fleet. The fleet has done sonar training off Southern California and Hawaii for years. Beginning next year, commanders are looking to increase it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A training scenario may involve two or three Navy destroyers out looking for a submarine,” said Stone. The threat of submarine warfare decreased after the end of the Cold War, “but that trend has absolutely reversed and there’s been a proliferation of these very quiet, inexpensive diesel-electric submarines that a lot of countries have now,” including North Korea, explained Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Navy’s analysis, the sonar-training program could affect the behavior of whales, dolphins and marine mammals millions of times over five years. Stone says there are lookouts on board Navy ships that stop training runs if whales are spotted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think that the mitigation measures are effective, but it’s true, you’re never going to see every marine mammal that’s there,” said Stone. “But in terms of impacts on species, we really haven’t seen any of those after years and years of doing these same types of training and testing activities in these same areas.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s always been a dubious argument but in light of new information it’s wearing especially thin,” said Michael Jasny of the Natural Resources Defense Council. “We now know that beaked whales off California are declining precipitously. We know that blue whales aren’t recovering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jasny says the Navy should avoid key areas, like gray whale migration routes and the summer feeding grounds of endangered blue and fin whales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Southern California is a globally important feeding habitat for them,” said Jasny. “It should be elementary common sense to avoid the core feeding habitat of blue whales. “\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state of California came to the same conclusion in a review of the Navy’s plan. At a March meeting, the California Coastal Commission staff recommended the Navy stay out of sensitive areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We rely on this large area and when you start to segment it in little areas where - you can go here, can’t go there - it really affects the training realism,” Stone responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Five years ago, California made the same request, but the Navy went ahead with the training anyway, citing national security concerns. The Coastal Commission sued and lost. This time, state officials didn’t mince words, like Commissioner Jana Zimmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve got this stumbling block of the Navy being completely unwilling – completely unwilling to accept any of the mitigations,” Zimmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Navy is also seeking approval from federal wildlife officials with the National Marine Fisheries Service. The agency is expected to make a decision later this year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Peregrine Falcon Chicks Hatch On Easter Sunday in San Jose",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51651\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/05/peregrine-falcon-chicks-in-san-jose/peregrine/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51651\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-51651\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/peregrine.jpg\" alt=\"A peregrine falcon at CuriOdyssey in San Mateo.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/peregrine.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/peregrine-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Peregrine falcon (\u003cem>Falco peregrinus\u003c/em>) nest cameras in \u003ca href=\"http://www2.ucsc.edu/scpbrg/nestcamSF.htm\">San Francisco\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www2.ucsc.edu/scpbrg/nestcamSJ.htm\">San Jose\u003c/a> have been giving citizens the unique chance to watch these animals up-close since 2005. Because this species was nearly extinct in the 1970s -- with only two pairs left in California -- it is a real thrill to see them thriving alongside humans today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.ucsc.edu/scpbrg/index.htm\">University of Santa Cruz Predatory Bird Research Group\u003c/a> (SCPBRG), the San Jose pair \"Carlos\" and \"Clara\" have experienced a relatively smooth breeding season. Clara was documented laying the first egg of the season February 19th, and a fourth egg on March 4th. The first egg hatched on Easter Sunday, March 31st! By Monday, three chicks were present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51878\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/05/peregrine-falcon-chicks-in-san-jose/falcon-1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51878\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-51878\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/falcon-1.jpg\" alt='\"Carlos\" and \"Clara\" take turns sitting on the nest April 1st. ' width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/falcon-1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/falcon-1-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino, Courtesy of SCPBRG San Jose Nest Cam\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With large concrete buildings in urban areas resembling natural cliffs, peregrine falcons have been drawn to nest each year at San Francisco's PG&E building and San Jose City Hall. Although San Francisco's nest site regularly gets media attention, few people know that the San Jose falcon pair is actually easier to see on foot. With a more open landscape, the corner of 4th and San Fernando Street is recommended for viewing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like all falcons, peregrines specialize in hunting other birds, and Carlos and Clara will soon have to hunt for their growing brood. In urban areas, pigeons and blackbirds are a primary food source. Peregrines have very large feet for their body size to grab birds in midair and a \"tomial\" tooth, which is a special notch in their beak to sever their prey's spinal cord. In addition, they are the fastest animal on the planet, with one peregrine clocked at diving 242 mph to catch prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hatching, the parents will continue to stay on the nest for another week. In roughly three weeks, SCBRG researchers will place leg bands on the chicks that will help identify individuals. Shortly after, the chicks will begin learning how to fly. This is the most dangerous time of any flighted bird's life, and learning how to fly in an urban environment with cars and people can make it even more difficult. In about six weeks, the chicks will be independent and perhaps find an urban nesting site of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51651\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/05/peregrine-falcon-chicks-in-san-jose/peregrine/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51651\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-51651\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/peregrine.jpg\" alt=\"A peregrine falcon at CuriOdyssey in San Mateo.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/peregrine.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/peregrine-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Peregrine falcon (\u003cem>Falco peregrinus\u003c/em>) nest cameras in \u003ca href=\"http://www2.ucsc.edu/scpbrg/nestcamSF.htm\">San Francisco\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www2.ucsc.edu/scpbrg/nestcamSJ.htm\">San Jose\u003c/a> have been giving citizens the unique chance to watch these animals up-close since 2005. Because this species was nearly extinct in the 1970s -- with only two pairs left in California -- it is a real thrill to see them thriving alongside humans today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.ucsc.edu/scpbrg/index.htm\">University of Santa Cruz Predatory Bird Research Group\u003c/a> (SCPBRG), the San Jose pair \"Carlos\" and \"Clara\" have experienced a relatively smooth breeding season. Clara was documented laying the first egg of the season February 19th, and a fourth egg on March 4th. The first egg hatched on Easter Sunday, March 31st! By Monday, three chicks were present.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51878\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/04/05/peregrine-falcon-chicks-in-san-jose/falcon-1/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51878\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-51878\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/falcon-1.jpg\" alt='\"Carlos\" and \"Clara\" take turns sitting on the nest April 1st. ' width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/falcon-1.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/falcon-1-400x267.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Rachael Rufino, Courtesy of SCPBRG San Jose Nest Cam\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With large concrete buildings in urban areas resembling natural cliffs, peregrine falcons have been drawn to nest each year at San Francisco's PG&E building and San Jose City Hall. Although San Francisco's nest site regularly gets media attention, few people know that the San Jose falcon pair is actually easier to see on foot. With a more open landscape, the corner of 4th and San Fernando Street is recommended for viewing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like all falcons, peregrines specialize in hunting other birds, and Carlos and Clara will soon have to hunt for their growing brood. In urban areas, pigeons and blackbirds are a primary food source. Peregrines have very large feet for their body size to grab birds in midair and a \"tomial\" tooth, which is a special notch in their beak to sever their prey's spinal cord. In addition, they are the fastest animal on the planet, with one peregrine clocked at diving 242 mph to catch prey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hatching, the parents will continue to stay on the nest for another week. In roughly three weeks, SCBRG researchers will place leg bands on the chicks that will help identify individuals. Shortly after, the chicks will begin learning how to fly. This is the most dangerous time of any flighted bird's life, and learning how to fly in an urban environment with cars and people can make it even more difficult. In about six weeks, the chicks will be independent and perhaps find an urban nesting site of their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51912\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/CypressSwamp1.resized-e1364970905919.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-51912\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/CypressSwamp1.resized-e1364970905919.jpg\" alt='\"Cypress Swamp, Alligator Bayou, Prairieville, Louisiana\" (negative 1998, print 2012) Injet print by Richard Misrach. High Museum of Art, Atlanta. ' width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/CypressSwamp1.resized-e1364970905919.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/CypressSwamp1.resized-e1364970905919-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"Cypress Swamp, Alligator Bayou, Prairieville, Louisiana\" (negative 1998, print 2012) Injet print by Richard Misrach. High Museum of Art, Atlanta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In February 1970, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=2757\">special message to Congress\u003c/a>, President Nixon served notice that American corporations had laid waste to the country’s land, air and water resources long enough. “We in this century have too casually and too long abused our natural environment. The time has come when we can wait no longer to repair the damage already done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the year was out, Congress authorized the Environmental Protection Agency to establish and enforce standards to protect the environment. Forty-three years later, it’s hard to think of a place where that mission has failed more miserably than Louisiana’s Cancer Alley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the 85 miles between Baton Rouge and New Orleans, the haunting swamplands of the Mississippi River corridor—called America’s wetland for its biological value to the nation—bump up against the sprawling refineries and paraphernalia of the petrochemical industry. Industry leaders call this stretch of the Mississippi, sandwiched between 150-plus oil and gas plants on both sides of its devastated banks, Chemical Corridor. But locals—who blame the millions of pounds of toxic chemicals pouring out of industry smokestacks every year for high rates of miscarriages, cancer, respiratory ailments and other serious diseases—have another name for it. They call it \u003ca href=\"http://envstudies.brown.edu/theses/AngelaHackelmasterthesispdf.pdf\">Cancer Alley.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1998, Richard Misrach went to Cancer Alley to produce a series of photographs for an exhibition commissioned by Atlanta’s High Museum called “Picturing the South.” Misrach, known for penetrating portraits of human disturbances of the natural landscape, returned last year at the High Museum’s request. The museum displayed his new photos alongside the old series last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51915\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 321px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SwampandPipeline1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-51915\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SwampandPipeline1-321x253.jpg\" alt='\"Swamp and Pipeline, Geismar, Louisiana\" (negative 1998, print 2012) Inkjet print by Richard Misrach. High Museum of Art, Atlanta. ' width=\"321\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"Swamp and Pipeline, Geismar, Louisiana\" (negative 1998, print 2012) Inkjet print by Richard Misrach. High Museum of Art, Atlanta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now you can see what’s changed—or not—in \u003ca href=\"http://museum.stanford.edu/news_room/misrach.html\">“Revisiting the South: Richard Misrach’s Cancer Alley”\u003c/a> at Stanford University’s Cantor Arts Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like any great artist, Misrach mines the troubles of his times—in this case, environmental devastation wrought by an petroleum-based economy—to raise broader questions of human existence. As you walk among the large-format photos, most measuring 6 feet by 5 feet, it’s hard not to get drawn into the destruction. Their imposing presence echoes the scale of the waste and brings us in intimate contact with it. Now that we see the consequences of our dependence on oil, what will we do to restore what’s been lost? If we do nothing to repair this ecological ruin, are we as guilty as the polluters?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I seemed to find my answer in “Holy Rosary Cemetery and Dow Chemical Corporation (Union Carbide Complex), Taft, Louisiana,” (1998): Dark clouds linger heavily over an industrial facility that serves as backdrop to a cemetery that once adjoined a church. But it is Jesus looming on the cross that catches your eye. Is he paying for our environmental sins? In the photo’s label, Misrach notes, “Dow (which now owns the complex) leaked 26,720 pounds of vaporized ethyl acrylate (EA), a Class II toxic air pollutant, into the atmosphere. No fine was levied, but Dow has pledged a $100,000 contribution to the Surpriya Jindal Foundation for Louisiana’s Children…).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51917\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 319px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NightFishing1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-51917\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NightFishing1-319x253.jpg\" alt='\"Night Fishing, Near Bonnet Carre Spillway, Norco, Louisiana\" (negative 1998, print 2012) Inkjet print by Richard Misrach. High Museum of Art, Atlanta.' width=\"319\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"Night Fishing, Near Bonnet Carre Spillway, Norco, Louisiana\" (negative 1998, print 2012) Inkjet print by Richard Misrach. High Museum of Art, Atlanta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most residents of Cancer Alley are poor and African American. Misrach makes sure you don’t miss the legacy of racism that has long plagued these communities, with “Restored Slave Cabins, Evergreen Planation, Edgard, Louisiana” (1998) and “Tour Guide, Nottoway Plantation, White Castle, Louisiana” (1998), showing an African American woman peering through the window in the grand foyer of an old plantation. Here, plantations persist among the petrochemical plants, and the specter of past injustices hovers over modern human rights violations, where all communities do not receive equal protection from environmental hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no doubt that Cancer Alley is one of the most polluted regions in the United States. Less clear is what explains the high rates of cancers afflicting the community. It’s notoriously difficult to link cancer clusters to any particular exposures. Misrach seems to capture that ambiguity in several photographs—a hazardous waste site, a parking lot and a pipeline above a murky river, all shrouded in a dense haze. Is the haze just fog or is it a toxic chemical cloud?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, labels remove any doubt what the haze is meant to imply. In “Hazardous Waste Containment Site, Dow Chemical Corporation, Mississippi River, Plaquemine, Louisiana” (1998), you’ll learn: “Between 1958 and 1973 Dow buried forty-six thousand tons of toxic waste in unlined pits that now cover more than thirty underground acres. The company attempts to pump the waste back to the surface before it reaches the drinking water aquifer for the city of Plaquemine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’ll leave wondering how anything could survive a decades-long onslaught of toxic releases into the land, air and waterways in such a concentrated area—and how the EPA could allow the poisoning to continue for so long in such an ecologically sensitive area with a long history of racial injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Revisiting the South:\u003c/strong> Richard Misrach's Cancer Alley: Photographs. Through June 16. \u003ca href=\"http://www.museum.stanford.edu\" target=\"_blank\">Cantor Arts Center\u003c/a>, Stanford University, Stanford. (650) 723-4177.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In the new exhibition on display at Stanford's Cantor Arts Center, \"Revisiting the South: Richard Misrach's Cancer Alley,\" the Berkeley photographer takes a hard look at the environmental consequences of our dependence on petroleum.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51912\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/CypressSwamp1.resized-e1364970905919.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-51912\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/CypressSwamp1.resized-e1364970905919.jpg\" alt='\"Cypress Swamp, Alligator Bayou, Prairieville, Louisiana\" (negative 1998, print 2012) Injet print by Richard Misrach. High Museum of Art, Atlanta. ' width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/CypressSwamp1.resized-e1364970905919.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/CypressSwamp1.resized-e1364970905919-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"Cypress Swamp, Alligator Bayou, Prairieville, Louisiana\" (negative 1998, print 2012) Injet print by Richard Misrach. High Museum of Art, Atlanta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In February 1970, in a \u003ca href=\"http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=2757\">special message to Congress\u003c/a>, President Nixon served notice that American corporations had laid waste to the country’s land, air and water resources long enough. “We in this century have too casually and too long abused our natural environment. The time has come when we can wait no longer to repair the damage already done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the year was out, Congress authorized the Environmental Protection Agency to establish and enforce standards to protect the environment. Forty-three years later, it’s hard to think of a place where that mission has failed more miserably than Louisiana’s Cancer Alley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the 85 miles between Baton Rouge and New Orleans, the haunting swamplands of the Mississippi River corridor—called America’s wetland for its biological value to the nation—bump up against the sprawling refineries and paraphernalia of the petrochemical industry. Industry leaders call this stretch of the Mississippi, sandwiched between 150-plus oil and gas plants on both sides of its devastated banks, Chemical Corridor. But locals—who blame the millions of pounds of toxic chemicals pouring out of industry smokestacks every year for high rates of miscarriages, cancer, respiratory ailments and other serious diseases—have another name for it. They call it \u003ca href=\"http://envstudies.brown.edu/theses/AngelaHackelmasterthesispdf.pdf\">Cancer Alley.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1998, Richard Misrach went to Cancer Alley to produce a series of photographs for an exhibition commissioned by Atlanta’s High Museum called “Picturing the South.” Misrach, known for penetrating portraits of human disturbances of the natural landscape, returned last year at the High Museum’s request. The museum displayed his new photos alongside the old series last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51915\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 321px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SwampandPipeline1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-51915\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/SwampandPipeline1-321x253.jpg\" alt='\"Swamp and Pipeline, Geismar, Louisiana\" (negative 1998, print 2012) Inkjet print by Richard Misrach. High Museum of Art, Atlanta. ' width=\"321\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"Swamp and Pipeline, Geismar, Louisiana\" (negative 1998, print 2012) Inkjet print by Richard Misrach. High Museum of Art, Atlanta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now you can see what’s changed—or not—in \u003ca href=\"http://museum.stanford.edu/news_room/misrach.html\">“Revisiting the South: Richard Misrach’s Cancer Alley”\u003c/a> at Stanford University’s Cantor Arts Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like any great artist, Misrach mines the troubles of his times—in this case, environmental devastation wrought by an petroleum-based economy—to raise broader questions of human existence. As you walk among the large-format photos, most measuring 6 feet by 5 feet, it’s hard not to get drawn into the destruction. Their imposing presence echoes the scale of the waste and brings us in intimate contact with it. Now that we see the consequences of our dependence on oil, what will we do to restore what’s been lost? If we do nothing to repair this ecological ruin, are we as guilty as the polluters?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I seemed to find my answer in “Holy Rosary Cemetery and Dow Chemical Corporation (Union Carbide Complex), Taft, Louisiana,” (1998): Dark clouds linger heavily over an industrial facility that serves as backdrop to a cemetery that once adjoined a church. But it is Jesus looming on the cross that catches your eye. Is he paying for our environmental sins? In the photo’s label, Misrach notes, “Dow (which now owns the complex) leaked 26,720 pounds of vaporized ethyl acrylate (EA), a Class II toxic air pollutant, into the atmosphere. No fine was levied, but Dow has pledged a $100,000 contribution to the Surpriya Jindal Foundation for Louisiana’s Children…).\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51917\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 319px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NightFishing1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-51917\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/04/NightFishing1-319x253.jpg\" alt='\"Night Fishing, Near Bonnet Carre Spillway, Norco, Louisiana\" (negative 1998, print 2012) Inkjet print by Richard Misrach. High Museum of Art, Atlanta.' width=\"319\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">\"Night Fishing, Near Bonnet Carre Spillway, Norco, Louisiana\" (negative 1998, print 2012) Inkjet print by Richard Misrach. High Museum of Art, Atlanta.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Most residents of Cancer Alley are poor and African American. Misrach makes sure you don’t miss the legacy of racism that has long plagued these communities, with “Restored Slave Cabins, Evergreen Planation, Edgard, Louisiana” (1998) and “Tour Guide, Nottoway Plantation, White Castle, Louisiana” (1998), showing an African American woman peering through the window in the grand foyer of an old plantation. Here, plantations persist among the petrochemical plants, and the specter of past injustices hovers over modern human rights violations, where all communities do not receive equal protection from environmental hazards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no doubt that Cancer Alley is one of the most polluted regions in the United States. Less clear is what explains the high rates of cancers afflicting the community. It’s notoriously difficult to link cancer clusters to any particular exposures. Misrach seems to capture that ambiguity in several photographs—a hazardous waste site, a parking lot and a pipeline above a murky river, all shrouded in a dense haze. Is the haze just fog or is it a toxic chemical cloud?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some cases, labels remove any doubt what the haze is meant to imply. In “Hazardous Waste Containment Site, Dow Chemical Corporation, Mississippi River, Plaquemine, Louisiana” (1998), you’ll learn: “Between 1958 and 1973 Dow buried forty-six thousand tons of toxic waste in unlined pits that now cover more than thirty underground acres. The company attempts to pump the waste back to the surface before it reaches the drinking water aquifer for the city of Plaquemine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’ll leave wondering how anything could survive a decades-long onslaught of toxic releases into the land, air and waterways in such a concentrated area—and how the EPA could allow the poisoning to continue for so long in such an ecologically sensitive area with a long history of racial injustice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Revisiting the South:\u003c/strong> Richard Misrach's Cancer Alley: Photographs. Through June 16. \u003ca href=\"http://www.museum.stanford.edu\" target=\"_blank\">Cantor Arts Center\u003c/a>, Stanford University, Stanford. (650) 723-4177.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Resurrection Biology: The Reality of Bringing Back Extinct Species",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51147\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 607px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/25/resurrection-biology-the-reality-of-bringing-back-extinct-species/gonebanner/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51147\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-51147\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/GoneBanner.jpg\" alt=\"Someday we might be able to resurrect some of these long extinct species. The species depicted here have all become extinct since the mid 1700s and the colonization of the New World. Part of the painting GONE from 2004, 4'x3', oil on canvas painted by Isabella Kirkland, artist and research associate at The California Academy of Sciences. \" width=\"607\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/GoneBanner.jpg 607w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/GoneBanner-400x218.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Someday we might be able to resurrect some of these long extinct species. The species depicted here have all become extinct since the mid 1700s and the colonization of the New World. Part of the painting GONE from 2004, 4'x3', oil on canvas painted by Isabella Kirkland, artist and research associate at The California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There has been a lot of buzz of late about bringing back extinct species like mammoths or passenger pigeons. While it might be a good idea to start thinking about these possibilities, we are years or even decades away from being able to actually pull this off with most long dead animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem isn’t reading the DNA...we are actually getting pretty good at that. And the problem isn’t even making the DNA. It would be quite a stretch to make a complete set of mammoth DNA but with a lot of time, money and effort, we could probably do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, the real problem is getting a cell to read any DNA we make in the lab. See, DNA has to be folded just so to fit inside the cell and we simply cannot do this on our own yet. And when you think about the proportions of what we’re dealing with, it becomes pretty obvious why we can’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An animal’s DNA is stored in the nucleus inside the cell. A human has six feet of DNA in each cell and the average nucleus has a diameter of about six micrometers. So the cell manages to stuff two meters of DNA into this tiny space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To give you an idea what we’re up against, imagine the nucleus is the size of the average baseball, almost three inches in diameter. If our nucleus were this big, we’d need to cram 75,000 feet or 14.2 miles of DNA in there. Talk about a daunting challenge!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can’t just force it in either. We need to fold it perfectly to make sure the right genes are in the right place to be turned on properly. The DNA has to be twisted around little spools called histones and then twisted and folded and twisted some more until you get the nice compact shape of a chromosome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, only a cell can pull this off and until we figure out how to get lots of manmade DNA into a cell to have the cell fold it for us, we are stuck cloning with living or properly frozen cells. We simply don’t have this kind of material for most extinct animals. But we do have frozen cells for a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51138\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/25/resurrection-biology-the-reality-of-bringing-back-extinct-species/ibexclone2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51138\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-51138\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/IbexClone2.jpg\" alt=\"For cloning to work right now, you need to start with an intact cell. We have this for the extinct Pyrenean ibex.\" width=\"250\" height=\"586\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For cloning to work right now, you need to start with an intact cell. We have this for the extinct Pyrenean ibex.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One likely candidate for resurrection is the Pyrenean ibex. Scientists managed to collect and save cells from the last of these wild goats before she died in 2000. These cells are now being used to try to bring this goat back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically, as outlined to the right, scientists first replace the nucleus in a goat egg with a nucleus from the ibex. This won’t grow and develop properly because the ibex DNA is configured to be used by an adult cell. So the next step is to use chemicals and/or electricity to reconfigure the DNA to be useful to an embryo. Then this “fertilized” egg is grown a bit, placed in a surrogate mother goat and then, if everything goes well, the species is reborn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far things have not gone that well. The tricky part in this is reconfiguring the adult DNA into embryonic DNA. If this isn’t done just right, the embryo won’t develop correctly. And finding the right conditions is done by trial and error and is different for different animals. What this means experimentally is a lot of failed pregnancies and a lot of sick and dead baby goats before hitting on the right conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This might be acceptable in this case to bring the goat back but maybe again it isn’t. Are lots of goats dying early, horrible deaths worth bringing back the ibex? I don’t know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question gets even harder when we are dealing with mammoths. Here we need to do more experimentation either because we need to try to get the DNA folded correctly or we need to get useful nuclei from cells frozen improperly in the Siberian tundra for thousands of years. Either way, we are going to have many more failed pregnancies and dead baby mammoths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember, the surrogate here will be an elephant. Elephants are smaller than mammoths and have a gestation period of nearly two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first the gestation period won’t matter because the failed pregnancies won’t go very long. After hundreds or thousands of failed pregnancies, scientists will have tweaked the conditions enough so that some mammoths will get closer to birth and eventually even be born. Now we’ll have to wait a couple of years to see how our new conditions worked and to make the next tweaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This all gets a lot more horrible if a mammoth baby is too big for an elephant to deliver naturally. If they are, we’d either need to have them born prematurely or do something like a C-section on the surrogate mother. This all sounds like a nightmare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was troubling enough thinking about all those dead and deformed goats but elephants are a whole different matter. In this scenario, these intelligent, caring animals are forced to endure multiple failed pregnancies and many dead babies. I am not sure how well elephants would hold up emotionally as mammoth factories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And let’s not even go down the Neanderthal road! All these same issues would be there except we’d be dealing with near-human babies and women surrogates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These sorts of things mean we need to really think about why we want mammoths, Neanderthals, Dodo birds or whatever. Are the benefits of resurrecting these species worth the risks to the individuals that need to carry them? And is it worth the suffering of all the individuals of that species who die an early, horrible death? There almost certainly needs to be a better reason than coolness to bring any of these animals back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it may be best to wait until we can invent some sort of artificial womb. At least then we’d spare the pain and suffering of the surrogates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://longnow.org/revive/tedxdeextinction/\">TEDx DeExtinction\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://longnow.org/revive/\">Foundation focused on bringing back species\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51152\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 630px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/25/resurrection-biology-the-reality-of-bringing-back-extinct-species/gonefull/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51152\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-51152\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/GoneFull.jpg\" alt=\"Full version of the painting Gone.\" width=\"630\" height=\"842\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/GoneFull.jpg 630w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/GoneFull-400x535.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Full version of the painting Gone.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Click \u003ca href=\"http://longnow.org/revive/\">here \u003c/a>to see the key for all of these extinct species.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "There has been a lot of buzz of late about bringing back extinct species like mammoths or passenger pigeons. While it might be a good idea to start thinking about these possibilities, we are years or even decades away from being able to actually pull this off with most long dead animals. The problem isn’t",
"title": "Resurrection Biology: The Reality of Bringing Back Extinct Species | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51147\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 607px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/25/resurrection-biology-the-reality-of-bringing-back-extinct-species/gonebanner/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51147\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-51147\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/GoneBanner.jpg\" alt=\"Someday we might be able to resurrect some of these long extinct species. The species depicted here have all become extinct since the mid 1700s and the colonization of the New World. Part of the painting GONE from 2004, 4'x3', oil on canvas painted by Isabella Kirkland, artist and research associate at The California Academy of Sciences. \" width=\"607\" height=\"331\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/GoneBanner.jpg 607w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/GoneBanner-400x218.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Someday we might be able to resurrect some of these long extinct species. The species depicted here have all become extinct since the mid 1700s and the colonization of the New World. Part of the painting GONE from 2004, 4'x3', oil on canvas painted by Isabella Kirkland, artist and research associate at The California Academy of Sciences.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There has been a lot of buzz of late about bringing back extinct species like mammoths or passenger pigeons. While it might be a good idea to start thinking about these possibilities, we are years or even decades away from being able to actually pull this off with most long dead animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem isn’t reading the DNA...we are actually getting pretty good at that. And the problem isn’t even making the DNA. It would be quite a stretch to make a complete set of mammoth DNA but with a lot of time, money and effort, we could probably do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, the real problem is getting a cell to read any DNA we make in the lab. See, DNA has to be folded just so to fit inside the cell and we simply cannot do this on our own yet. And when you think about the proportions of what we’re dealing with, it becomes pretty obvious why we can’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An animal’s DNA is stored in the nucleus inside the cell. A human has six feet of DNA in each cell and the average nucleus has a diameter of about six micrometers. So the cell manages to stuff two meters of DNA into this tiny space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To give you an idea what we’re up against, imagine the nucleus is the size of the average baseball, almost three inches in diameter. If our nucleus were this big, we’d need to cram 75,000 feet or 14.2 miles of DNA in there. Talk about a daunting challenge!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We can’t just force it in either. We need to fold it perfectly to make sure the right genes are in the right place to be turned on properly. The DNA has to be twisted around little spools called histones and then twisted and folded and twisted some more until you get the nice compact shape of a chromosome.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, only a cell can pull this off and until we figure out how to get lots of manmade DNA into a cell to have the cell fold it for us, we are stuck cloning with living or properly frozen cells. We simply don’t have this kind of material for most extinct animals. But we do have frozen cells for a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51138\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/25/resurrection-biology-the-reality-of-bringing-back-extinct-species/ibexclone2/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51138\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-51138\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/IbexClone2.jpg\" alt=\"For cloning to work right now, you need to start with an intact cell. We have this for the extinct Pyrenean ibex.\" width=\"250\" height=\"586\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">For cloning to work right now, you need to start with an intact cell. We have this for the extinct Pyrenean ibex.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One likely candidate for resurrection is the Pyrenean ibex. Scientists managed to collect and save cells from the last of these wild goats before she died in 2000. These cells are now being used to try to bring this goat back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basically, as outlined to the right, scientists first replace the nucleus in a goat egg with a nucleus from the ibex. This won’t grow and develop properly because the ibex DNA is configured to be used by an adult cell. So the next step is to use chemicals and/or electricity to reconfigure the DNA to be useful to an embryo. Then this “fertilized” egg is grown a bit, placed in a surrogate mother goat and then, if everything goes well, the species is reborn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far things have not gone that well. The tricky part in this is reconfiguring the adult DNA into embryonic DNA. If this isn’t done just right, the embryo won’t develop correctly. And finding the right conditions is done by trial and error and is different for different animals. What this means experimentally is a lot of failed pregnancies and a lot of sick and dead baby goats before hitting on the right conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This might be acceptable in this case to bring the goat back but maybe again it isn’t. Are lots of goats dying early, horrible deaths worth bringing back the ibex? I don’t know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question gets even harder when we are dealing with mammoths. Here we need to do more experimentation either because we need to try to get the DNA folded correctly or we need to get useful nuclei from cells frozen improperly in the Siberian tundra for thousands of years. Either way, we are going to have many more failed pregnancies and dead baby mammoths.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember, the surrogate here will be an elephant. Elephants are smaller than mammoths and have a gestation period of nearly two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At first the gestation period won’t matter because the failed pregnancies won’t go very long. After hundreds or thousands of failed pregnancies, scientists will have tweaked the conditions enough so that some mammoths will get closer to birth and eventually even be born. Now we’ll have to wait a couple of years to see how our new conditions worked and to make the next tweaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This all gets a lot more horrible if a mammoth baby is too big for an elephant to deliver naturally. If they are, we’d either need to have them born prematurely or do something like a C-section on the surrogate mother. This all sounds like a nightmare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was troubling enough thinking about all those dead and deformed goats but elephants are a whole different matter. In this scenario, these intelligent, caring animals are forced to endure multiple failed pregnancies and many dead babies. I am not sure how well elephants would hold up emotionally as mammoth factories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And let’s not even go down the Neanderthal road! All these same issues would be there except we’d be dealing with near-human babies and women surrogates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These sorts of things mean we need to really think about why we want mammoths, Neanderthals, Dodo birds or whatever. Are the benefits of resurrecting these species worth the risks to the individuals that need to carry them? And is it worth the suffering of all the individuals of that species who die an early, horrible death? There almost certainly needs to be a better reason than coolness to bring any of these animals back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it may be best to wait until we can invent some sort of artificial womb. At least then we’d spare the pain and suffering of the surrogates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://longnow.org/revive/tedxdeextinction/\">TEDx DeExtinction\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://longnow.org/revive/\">Foundation focused on bringing back species\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51152\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 630px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/25/resurrection-biology-the-reality-of-bringing-back-extinct-species/gonefull/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51152\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-51152\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/GoneFull.jpg\" alt=\"Full version of the painting Gone.\" width=\"630\" height=\"842\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/GoneFull.jpg 630w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/GoneFull-400x535.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Full version of the painting Gone.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Click \u003ca href=\"http://longnow.org/revive/\">here \u003c/a>to see the key for all of these extinct species.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Scientists Celebrate a Long-Dead Whale",
"title": "Scientists Celebrate a Long-Dead Whale",
"headTitle": "QUEST | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51212\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/21/scientists-celebrate-a-long-dead-whale/whalefall/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51212\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/whalefall-300x169.png\" alt=\"Fallen whale carcasses nurture a variety of deep-sea life from large crabs and fish to thick coats of bacteria. Photo courtesy neptunecanada of Flickr via Creative Commons\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-51212\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fallen whale carcasses nurture a variety of deep-sea life from large crabs and fish to thick coats of bacteria. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/neptunecanada/7329819240/\" target=\"_blank\">neptunecanada of Flickr\u003c/a> via Creative Commons\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A new paper describes the slowly rotting skeleton of a whale on the seafloor near the South Sandwich Islands, between South America and Antarctica. Why is such a thing exciting to geologists? There are a couple of reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When whales die, they drop dead wherever they happen to be. If they beach themselves first, their corpses lie on the beach, but most whales pass away at sea and sink. Once on the seafloor, their decomposing bodies, called \"whale falls,\" amount to a winning lottery ticket for a host of creatures, which gather around the corpses and settle in to live off them. The flesh goes first, then come the fat-filled bones. The biological communities that arise may last for decades, perhaps centuries, depending on the local conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists are interested in whale falls as lovely self-contained examples of oceanic food chains. Geologists see whale falls as a rich study in \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/paleontology/qt/Taphonomy.htm\">taphonomy\u003c/a>, their name for everything that happens to organisms as they become fossilized. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you think about the exquisite fossils you see in museums, the marvel is how clean they are, as if a taxidermist had prepared them for burial. But nature is a lousy taxidermist. For every perfect museum skeleton there are drawers backstage stuffed with thousands of bony fragments, incomplete and imperfect in many ways. But what the fossil collector sees as lamentable damage, the paleontologist—specifically the taphonomist—sees as possible environmental data. Everything from the tooth marks of scavengers to the scrapes made by construction-site bulldozers is the kind of evidence that geology prizes for insight into the living world of the deep past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the first whale falls studied by scientists were found by the U.S. Navy while they were searching for something they'd dropped. Most whale-fall research, however, is done on carcasses that are towed away from beaches and deliberately placed on the seafloor. That kind of research is quite young, though, and to learn about the late stages of whale-fall existence we need natural examples that are older. It is way too expensive to just dive down and look around for them, so we have to grab the opportunities that arise while we're looking for other things. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new paper was published in the journal \u003ci>Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography\u003c/i> in January (\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064513000489\">read it online\u003c/a>). The British research ship \u003ca href=\"http://noc.ac.uk/research-at-sea/ships/rrs-james-cook\">\u003ci>James Cook\u003c/i>\u003c/a> was surveying a blown-out seafloor volcano full of hydrothermal vents (\u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/geoprocesses/ig/hydrothermal-features/white-smoker.htm\">white smokers\u003c/a>) when it spotted whale bones. The scientists alertly carried out a state-of-the-art study using the ship's underwater roving vehicle \u003ci>Isis\u003c/i>, making a thorough video survey and grabbing some bone samples. It is only the sixth time that a natural whale fall has been examined in this much detail, and the first case from the Southern Ocean where whales are most abundant. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper is full of the kind of information that can be applied to fossils as we get our bearings in this field. The different stages of life on a whale fall leave different signs in the bones. The subject is complex, but that's what science is for. And the Bay Area's younger rocks, especially in the Santa Cruz area, are full of whale fossils. Modern whale falls can inform our understanding of the ancient times in which those whales lived and died around here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another thing that interests geologists, especially students of evolution, about whale falls is their role in the deep sea environment. Hospitable places in the deep sea are stepping stones for life, like oases in a desert or gas stations in Nevada. Many of the same species on whale falls also live on hydrothermal vents, which exist only in places where tectonic plates are spreading apart. Whale falls are scattered more randomly and allow the vent species to \"island hop,\" keeping the seafloor a unified biome. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These matters are relevant to how Earth operates. The deep seafloor can be a source of new species when mass extinctions strike the surface world, and vice versa. How did this work before whales existed? Are there signs in the fossil record, or in the genetic records of living species, of this process at work in the past? Those are the scientific topics that this new set of whale bones will help us address.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51212\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/21/scientists-celebrate-a-long-dead-whale/whalefall/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51212\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/whalefall-300x169.png\" alt=\"Fallen whale carcasses nurture a variety of deep-sea life from large crabs and fish to thick coats of bacteria. Photo courtesy neptunecanada of Flickr via Creative Commons\" width=\"300\" height=\"169\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-51212\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fallen whale carcasses nurture a variety of deep-sea life from large crabs and fish to thick coats of bacteria. Photo courtesy \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/neptunecanada/7329819240/\" target=\"_blank\">neptunecanada of Flickr\u003c/a> via Creative Commons\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A new paper describes the slowly rotting skeleton of a whale on the seafloor near the South Sandwich Islands, between South America and Antarctica. Why is such a thing exciting to geologists? There are a couple of reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When whales die, they drop dead wherever they happen to be. If they beach themselves first, their corpses lie on the beach, but most whales pass away at sea and sink. Once on the seafloor, their decomposing bodies, called \"whale falls,\" amount to a winning lottery ticket for a host of creatures, which gather around the corpses and settle in to live off them. The flesh goes first, then come the fat-filled bones. The biological communities that arise may last for decades, perhaps centuries, depending on the local conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists are interested in whale falls as lovely self-contained examples of oceanic food chains. Geologists see whale falls as a rich study in \u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/paleontology/qt/Taphonomy.htm\">taphonomy\u003c/a>, their name for everything that happens to organisms as they become fossilized. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you think about the exquisite fossils you see in museums, the marvel is how clean they are, as if a taxidermist had prepared them for burial. But nature is a lousy taxidermist. For every perfect museum skeleton there are drawers backstage stuffed with thousands of bony fragments, incomplete and imperfect in many ways. But what the fossil collector sees as lamentable damage, the paleontologist—specifically the taphonomist—sees as possible environmental data. Everything from the tooth marks of scavengers to the scrapes made by construction-site bulldozers is the kind of evidence that geology prizes for insight into the living world of the deep past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the first whale falls studied by scientists were found by the U.S. Navy while they were searching for something they'd dropped. Most whale-fall research, however, is done on carcasses that are towed away from beaches and deliberately placed on the seafloor. That kind of research is quite young, though, and to learn about the late stages of whale-fall existence we need natural examples that are older. It is way too expensive to just dive down and look around for them, so we have to grab the opportunities that arise while we're looking for other things. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new paper was published in the journal \u003ci>Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography\u003c/i> in January (\u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064513000489\">read it online\u003c/a>). The British research ship \u003ca href=\"http://noc.ac.uk/research-at-sea/ships/rrs-james-cook\">\u003ci>James Cook\u003c/i>\u003c/a> was surveying a blown-out seafloor volcano full of hydrothermal vents (\u003ca href=\"http://geology.about.com/od/geoprocesses/ig/hydrothermal-features/white-smoker.htm\">white smokers\u003c/a>) when it spotted whale bones. The scientists alertly carried out a state-of-the-art study using the ship's underwater roving vehicle \u003ci>Isis\u003c/i>, making a thorough video survey and grabbing some bone samples. It is only the sixth time that a natural whale fall has been examined in this much detail, and the first case from the Southern Ocean where whales are most abundant. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper is full of the kind of information that can be applied to fossils as we get our bearings in this field. The different stages of life on a whale fall leave different signs in the bones. The subject is complex, but that's what science is for. And the Bay Area's younger rocks, especially in the Santa Cruz area, are full of whale fossils. Modern whale falls can inform our understanding of the ancient times in which those whales lived and died around here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another thing that interests geologists, especially students of evolution, about whale falls is their role in the deep sea environment. Hospitable places in the deep sea are stepping stones for life, like oases in a desert or gas stations in Nevada. Many of the same species on whale falls also live on hydrothermal vents, which exist only in places where tectonic plates are spreading apart. Whale falls are scattered more randomly and allow the vent species to \"island hop,\" keeping the seafloor a unified biome. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These matters are relevant to how Earth operates. The deep seafloor can be a source of new species when mass extinctions strike the surface world, and vice versa. How did this work before whales existed? Are there signs in the fossil record, or in the genetic records of living species, of this process at work in the past? Those are the scientific topics that this new set of whale bones will help us address.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51099\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/20/yes-your-cell-phone-conversation-does-drive-people-mad/cell-phone-baby/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51099\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/cell-phone-baby.jpg\" alt=\"New research explores the cognitive effects of listening to another person's cell phone conversation. (Photo by futurestreet via Flickr, CC by 2.0)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" class=\"size-full wp-image-51099\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/cell-phone-baby.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/cell-phone-baby-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New research explores the cognitive effects of listening to another person's cell phone conversation. (Photo by \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/futurestreet/3334257292/\" target=\"_blank\">futurestreet\u003c/a> via Flickr, CC by 2.0)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a recent bus ride across the Bay Bridge, I was reading a journal article about environmental pollutants when a cell phone rang a few seats behind me, piercing the glorious silence. My muscles tensed, anticipating the inevitable banal chatter that I would have no choice but to endure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hello?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No, I’m not busy. I’m just on the bus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the person on the other end of the call must have launched into a seriously juicy tale, because the woman replied, “No!” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t believe he did that! Can you imagine?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, I can’t imagine. As I tried to contain my building frustration, after rereading a sentence five times with no hope of comprehension, I resolved to scan the scientific literature to find out why hearing someone talk on their cell phone is so maddening. But then more pressing matters got in the way and I forgot about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I was interested when I heard about a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0058579\" target=\"_blank\">new study published in PLOS ONE\u003c/a> last week in which psychologists from the University of California, San Diego investigated this very question. Well, nearly so. Being cognitive neuroscientists, they weren’t measuring something as subjective as annoyance per se but more tractable scientific questions like memory and attention. And, yes, they found that hearing a one-sided conversation is extremely annoying and distracting—far more so than hearing both sides of a conversation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why study what’s become one of the most common examples of thoughtless behavior? Americans spent something like 2.3 trillion minutes on wireless devices last year, the researchers note in the paper, with some people confessing a “personal connection” with their cell. The sheer ubiquity of these insidious little devices means they will affect pretty much everyone at some point in some way. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several studies show that chatting on cell phones while doing something else, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=McKnight%5Bauthor%5D+AND+The+effect+of+cellular+phone+use+upon+driver+attention\" target=\"_blank\">like driving\u003c/a>, interferes with your ability to perform that task—and you don’t improve with practice. The studies suggest that the effects aren’t related to motor skills, like dialing while steering, but to an inability to pay attention to what’s going on around you. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walking while chatting isn’t much better. Like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.cmu.edu/~behrmann/dlpapers/Simons_Chabris.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">famous gorilla-basketball study\u003c/a>—where participants who watched teams pass a basketball back and forth failed to notice a person in a gorilla suit amble through—a 2010 study found that most pedestrians talking on cell phones failed to notice a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acp.1638/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">clown ride past them on a unicycle\u003c/a>. Cognitive neuroscientists call this phenomenon “inattentional blindness.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If cell phones can compromise your ability to perform a task as ingrained as walking, it’s surprising that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/laws/cellphone_laws.html\" target=\"_blank\">only 10 states prohibit drivers \u003c/a>from talking on a handheld device. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s no secret that most people hate listening to others talking on their cell phone. Surveys support what we all assume, with more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2006/Americans-and-their-cell-phones/1-Data-Memo-Findings.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">80% of respondents\u003c/a> attesting to the irritation factor. But few investigators have devised experiments to understand the cognitive effects of listening to a one-sided conservation. So Victoria Galván, an associate professor of psychology at UC San Diego, set out to do just that. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To simulate what happens when we find ourselves hostage to someone jabbering on their phone on a bus or in a restaurant, Galván combined a well-controlled attention task experiment with a bit of deception. The study participants, 164 undergrads taking an Intro Psych class at the university, thought the study was about a link between anagrams and reading comprehension. (Fifteen of the students must have read the literature because they guessed the study’s aims, forcing the researchers to exclude their results.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the students worked on unscrambling anagrams, a researcher left the room. Then the conversations began: \"confederates\" sitting near the students started either one-sided or two-sided 7-minute conversations that covered details about a birthday party, shopping and a date. When the researcher returned, she said her team wanted to understand “how a conversation affected a person” and gave the students a test to measure their memory of the conversation and a questionnaire to assess how distracting it was. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As predicted, the students who heard the one-sided conversation were more distracted and had more trouble with their anagrams. They also found the volume and content of the conversation more annoying. Sound familiar?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers attribute our annoyance in part to a lack of control, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2841317/\" target=\"_blank\">other studies\u003c/a> show can lead to heightened stress responses such as headaches and anxiety. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, the students who heard the one-sided conversations performed better on the memory task, a result that may relate to the “unique, intrusive, ‘attention-grabbing’ aspects of a one-sided cell phone conversation,\" the researchers explain, since the students weren’t instructed to pay attention to the conversation. Or maybe they remembered more because they had half the information to absorb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m betting on the unique, intrusive, attention-grabbing hypothesis. A \u003ca href=\"http://pss.sagepub.com/content/21/10/1383.short\" target=\"_blank\">previous study\u003c/a> in a lab setting by a different research team suggested it’s the unpredictability of one-sided conversations that gets under your skin. When you hear two people talking, you don’t waste cognitive resources trying to guess what the other person is saying and it’s easier to block them out. (And I might have learned what that no-good guy did.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when you can hear just one side, you’re left waiting for the next snippet, imagining what comes next. I certainly had to use a lot of brain power to stay focused on that journal article, which I could finally read in earnest only after my fellow passenger ended her call after 15 very long minutes. Luckily, she did it before I gave her something else to talk about.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "It's well known that talking on your cell phone compromises your ability to perform simple tasks like walking and driving. Now it turns out cell phones impact cognition in bystanders as well: listening to another person talk on their cell phone isn't just incredibly annoying, it also interferes with your memory and concentration.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_51099\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/20/yes-your-cell-phone-conversation-does-drive-people-mad/cell-phone-baby/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-51099\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/cell-phone-baby.jpg\" alt=\"New research explores the cognitive effects of listening to another person's cell phone conversation. (Photo by futurestreet via Flickr, CC by 2.0)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" class=\"size-full wp-image-51099\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/cell-phone-baby.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/cell-phone-baby-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">New research explores the cognitive effects of listening to another person's cell phone conversation. (Photo by \u003ca href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/futurestreet/3334257292/\" target=\"_blank\">futurestreet\u003c/a> via Flickr, CC by 2.0)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a recent bus ride across the Bay Bridge, I was reading a journal article about environmental pollutants when a cell phone rang a few seats behind me, piercing the glorious silence. My muscles tensed, anticipating the inevitable banal chatter that I would have no choice but to endure. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hello?” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No, I’m not busy. I’m just on the bus.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the person on the other end of the call must have launched into a seriously juicy tale, because the woman replied, “No!” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Long silence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t believe he did that! Can you imagine?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, I can’t imagine. As I tried to contain my building frustration, after rereading a sentence five times with no hope of comprehension, I resolved to scan the scientific literature to find out why hearing someone talk on their cell phone is so maddening. But then more pressing matters got in the way and I forgot about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So I was interested when I heard about a \u003ca href=\"http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0058579\" target=\"_blank\">new study published in PLOS ONE\u003c/a> last week in which psychologists from the University of California, San Diego investigated this very question. Well, nearly so. Being cognitive neuroscientists, they weren’t measuring something as subjective as annoyance per se but more tractable scientific questions like memory and attention. And, yes, they found that hearing a one-sided conversation is extremely annoying and distracting—far more so than hearing both sides of a conversation. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why study what’s become one of the most common examples of thoughtless behavior? Americans spent something like 2.3 trillion minutes on wireless devices last year, the researchers note in the paper, with some people confessing a “personal connection” with their cell. The sheer ubiquity of these insidious little devices means they will affect pretty much everyone at some point in some way. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several studies show that chatting on cell phones while doing something else, \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=McKnight%5Bauthor%5D+AND+The+effect+of+cellular+phone+use+upon+driver+attention\" target=\"_blank\">like driving\u003c/a>, interferes with your ability to perform that task—and you don’t improve with practice. The studies suggest that the effects aren’t related to motor skills, like dialing while steering, but to an inability to pay attention to what’s going on around you. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walking while chatting isn’t much better. Like the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.cmu.edu/~behrmann/dlpapers/Simons_Chabris.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">famous gorilla-basketball study\u003c/a>—where participants who watched teams pass a basketball back and forth failed to notice a person in a gorilla suit amble through—a 2010 study found that most pedestrians talking on cell phones failed to notice a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acp.1638/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">clown ride past them on a unicycle\u003c/a>. Cognitive neuroscientists call this phenomenon “inattentional blindness.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If cell phones can compromise your ability to perform a task as ingrained as walking, it’s surprising that \u003ca href=\"http://www.ghsa.org/html/stateinfo/laws/cellphone_laws.html\" target=\"_blank\">only 10 states prohibit drivers \u003c/a>from talking on a handheld device. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s no secret that most people hate listening to others talking on their cell phone. Surveys support what we all assume, with more than \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewinternet.org/Reports/2006/Americans-and-their-cell-phones/1-Data-Memo-Findings.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">80% of respondents\u003c/a> attesting to the irritation factor. But few investigators have devised experiments to understand the cognitive effects of listening to a one-sided conservation. So Victoria Galván, an associate professor of psychology at UC San Diego, set out to do just that. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To simulate what happens when we find ourselves hostage to someone jabbering on their phone on a bus or in a restaurant, Galván combined a well-controlled attention task experiment with a bit of deception. The study participants, 164 undergrads taking an Intro Psych class at the university, thought the study was about a link between anagrams and reading comprehension. (Fifteen of the students must have read the literature because they guessed the study’s aims, forcing the researchers to exclude their results.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the students worked on unscrambling anagrams, a researcher left the room. Then the conversations began: \"confederates\" sitting near the students started either one-sided or two-sided 7-minute conversations that covered details about a birthday party, shopping and a date. When the researcher returned, she said her team wanted to understand “how a conversation affected a person” and gave the students a test to measure their memory of the conversation and a questionnaire to assess how distracting it was. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As predicted, the students who heard the one-sided conversation were more distracted and had more trouble with their anagrams. They also found the volume and content of the conversation more annoying. Sound familiar?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers attribute our annoyance in part to a lack of control, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2841317/\" target=\"_blank\">other studies\u003c/a> show can lead to heightened stress responses such as headaches and anxiety. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, the students who heard the one-sided conversations performed better on the memory task, a result that may relate to the “unique, intrusive, ‘attention-grabbing’ aspects of a one-sided cell phone conversation,\" the researchers explain, since the students weren’t instructed to pay attention to the conversation. Or maybe they remembered more because they had half the information to absorb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m betting on the unique, intrusive, attention-grabbing hypothesis. A \u003ca href=\"http://pss.sagepub.com/content/21/10/1383.short\" target=\"_blank\">previous study\u003c/a> in a lab setting by a different research team suggested it’s the unpredictability of one-sided conversations that gets under your skin. When you hear two people talking, you don’t waste cognitive resources trying to guess what the other person is saying and it’s easier to block them out. (And I might have learned what that no-good guy did.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when you can hear just one side, you’re left waiting for the next snippet, imagining what comes next. I certainly had to use a lot of brain power to stay focused on that journal article, which I could finally read in earnest only after my fellow passenger ended her call after 15 very long minutes. Luckily, she did it before I gave her something else to talk about.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50533\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/brco-colony-001.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/brco-colony-001-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"Brandt's cormorants\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-50533\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brandt's cormorants. Image courtesy of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/alca/naturescience/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">National Park Service\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last March, one of our QUEST contributors, Thibault Worth, wrote \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/14/millipede-mystery-a-new-fluorescent-subspecies-on-alcatraz/\">a piece about the fluorescent millipedes\u003c/a> that were unexpectedly discovered on Alcatraz during a survey of the rat population on the island. As we were eager to learn more about these fascinating arthropods, I and my several of my KQED Science colleagues headed to Alcatraz with forensic entomologist Dr. Robert Kimsey, the National Park Service's Integrated Pest Manager Bruce Badzik and the \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/a/ucdavis.edu/entclubug/home\">UC Davis Entomology Club\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was my first visit to Alcatraz, and my general impression of the island was as Badzik described it to me during our interview: “Most people are fascinated with the history of the federal penitentiary on Alcatraz because of the well-known criminals such as Al Capone, “Creepy” Karpis, the “Birdman of Alcatraz” and Machine Gun Kelly. There were also a lot of movies made about Alcatraz: \u003cem>Murder In The First\u003c/em>, \u003cem>The Rock\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Escape From Alcatraz\u003c/em> with Clint Eastwood. So people love to come out to see where those films were filmed and see what they can see of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I didn’t realize it also has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/alca/naturescience/seabirds.htm\" target=\"_blank\">thriving water bird population\u003c/a> and serves as a sanctuary to a diverse number of species. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks who may not be interested in the prison love to come out here and see the large quantities of birds that we have that inhabit the island, such as the pelicans, the Brandt’s cormorants, the black-crowned night herons, the snowy white egret, mallards and a whole host of other sea birds that call this place home,” says Badzik.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50326\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz11-e1362701046404.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz11.jpg\" alt=\"Senior Interactive Producer Craig Rosa and Multimedia Producer Joshua Cassidy served as camera and sound on the millipedes shoot.\" width=\"225\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50326\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Senior Interactive Producer Craig Rosa and Multimedia Producer Joshua Cassidy served as camera and sound on the millipedes shoot.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And the name of the island is derived from the Spanish word, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.bop.gov/about/history/alcatraz.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">alcatraces\u003c/a>\", another indicator of its \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/alca/naturescience/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">avian history\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other people talk about it meaning strange white bird, but Alcatraz basically means pelican,” says Badzik. “This island, before it became a federal institution, was just covered with pelicans. Folks talked about how this was just covered in guano. Some folks actually called this 'White Island', just because of all the guano out here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Kimsey adds, “When the National Park Service got the island assigned to them, water bird rookeries began to develop and so now for a large part of the year, a large fraction of the island is closed because these rookeries are protected by federal law. And so the ecology of the island [over time] has changed rather considerably.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, I didn't have time to get a tour of Alcatraz while we were there, so I'll have to go back to check out the penitentiary. But it was a real privilege to be able to gain access to the more restricted portions of the island. We filmed our interviews in one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.alcatrazgardens.org/visit.php\">private gardens\u003c/a> created by its previous military residents. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we shot most of our footage at night, filming in the darkness posed some technical challenges for the crew and evolved into a \"hunting-the-hunter-with-lights\" scenario. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50331\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz16.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-50331\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz16.jpg\" alt=\"Multimedia Producer Joshua Cassidy films Alex Nguyen looking for milipedes on Alcatraz. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz16.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz16-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Multimedia Producer Joshua Cassidy films Alex Nguyen looking for milipedes on Alcatraz.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alex Nguyen, the UC Davis undergraduate student who originally found the millipedes last winter, would shine his UV flashlight on the ground in search of millipedes and we'd closely track him with a high-powered portable LED light. When he finally found his first millipede, we were just as enthralled as he was when it glowed a brilliant turquoise blue under the UV light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz17.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz17.jpg\" alt=\"millipede on alcatraz\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-50332\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz17.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz17-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Want to learn a few more basic facts about millipedes? Check out this \u003ca href=\"https://popcorn.webmaker.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Popcorn Maker\u003c/a>-enhanced web extra featuring Dr. Kimsey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube=http://popcorn.webmadecontent.org/nbp_]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "More than a million visitors visit Alcatraz every year, but a recent discovery has revealed another attraction that lives within the shadows of this historic prison. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50533\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 270px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/brco-colony-001.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/brco-colony-001-270x360.jpg\" alt=\"Brandt's cormorants\" width=\"270\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-large wp-image-50533\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brandt's cormorants. Image courtesy of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/alca/naturescience/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">National Park Service\u003c/a>.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Last March, one of our QUEST contributors, Thibault Worth, wrote \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2012/03/14/millipede-mystery-a-new-fluorescent-subspecies-on-alcatraz/\">a piece about the fluorescent millipedes\u003c/a> that were unexpectedly discovered on Alcatraz during a survey of the rat population on the island. As we were eager to learn more about these fascinating arthropods, I and my several of my KQED Science colleagues headed to Alcatraz with forensic entomologist Dr. Robert Kimsey, the National Park Service's Integrated Pest Manager Bruce Badzik and the \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/a/ucdavis.edu/entclubug/home\">UC Davis Entomology Club\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was my first visit to Alcatraz, and my general impression of the island was as Badzik described it to me during our interview: “Most people are fascinated with the history of the federal penitentiary on Alcatraz because of the well-known criminals such as Al Capone, “Creepy” Karpis, the “Birdman of Alcatraz” and Machine Gun Kelly. There were also a lot of movies made about Alcatraz: \u003cem>Murder In The First\u003c/em>, \u003cem>The Rock\u003c/em>, \u003cem>Escape From Alcatraz\u003c/em> with Clint Eastwood. So people love to come out to see where those films were filmed and see what they can see of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I didn’t realize it also has a \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/alca/naturescience/seabirds.htm\" target=\"_blank\">thriving water bird population\u003c/a> and serves as a sanctuary to a diverse number of species. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Folks who may not be interested in the prison love to come out here and see the large quantities of birds that we have that inhabit the island, such as the pelicans, the Brandt’s cormorants, the black-crowned night herons, the snowy white egret, mallards and a whole host of other sea birds that call this place home,” says Badzik.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50326\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 225px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz11-e1362701046404.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz11.jpg\" alt=\"Senior Interactive Producer Craig Rosa and Multimedia Producer Joshua Cassidy served as camera and sound on the millipedes shoot.\" width=\"225\" height=\"400\" class=\"size-full wp-image-50326\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Senior Interactive Producer Craig Rosa and Multimedia Producer Joshua Cassidy served as camera and sound on the millipedes shoot.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And the name of the island is derived from the Spanish word, \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.bop.gov/about/history/alcatraz.jsp\" target=\"_blank\">alcatraces\u003c/a>\", another indicator of its \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/alca/naturescience/index.htm\" target=\"_blank\">avian history\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Other people talk about it meaning strange white bird, but Alcatraz basically means pelican,” says Badzik. “This island, before it became a federal institution, was just covered with pelicans. Folks talked about how this was just covered in guano. Some folks actually called this 'White Island', just because of all the guano out here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Kimsey adds, “When the National Park Service got the island assigned to them, water bird rookeries began to develop and so now for a large part of the year, a large fraction of the island is closed because these rookeries are protected by federal law. And so the ecology of the island [over time] has changed rather considerably.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, I didn't have time to get a tour of Alcatraz while we were there, so I'll have to go back to check out the penitentiary. But it was a real privilege to be able to gain access to the more restricted portions of the island. We filmed our interviews in one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.alcatrazgardens.org/visit.php\">private gardens\u003c/a> created by its previous military residents. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we shot most of our footage at night, filming in the darkness posed some technical challenges for the crew and evolved into a \"hunting-the-hunter-with-lights\" scenario. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50331\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz16.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-50331\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz16.jpg\" alt=\"Multimedia Producer Joshua Cassidy films Alex Nguyen looking for milipedes on Alcatraz. \" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz16.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz16-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Multimedia Producer Joshua Cassidy films Alex Nguyen looking for milipedes on Alcatraz.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Alex Nguyen, the UC Davis undergraduate student who originally found the millipedes last winter, would shine his UV flashlight on the ground in search of millipedes and we'd closely track him with a high-powered portable LED light. When he finally found his first millipede, we were just as enthralled as he was when it glowed a brilliant turquoise blue under the UV light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz17.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz17.jpg\" alt=\"millipede on alcatraz\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-50332\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz17.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/02/alcatraz17-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Want to learn a few more basic facts about millipedes? Check out this \u003ca href=\"https://popcorn.webmaker.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Popcorn Maker\u003c/a>-enhanced web extra featuring Dr. Kimsey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>null\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Rescuing Injured Wildlife",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50979\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/15/rescuing-injured-wildlife/colos-in-pool-edited/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50979\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-50979\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/COLOs-in-pool-edited.jpg\" alt=\"The common loon rescued at Crown Beach (rear bird) swims in a pool at the International Bird Rescue Center. Her injuries can be seen in the stitches on her head. Image courtesy International Bird Rescue Center.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/COLOs-in-pool-edited.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/COLOs-in-pool-edited-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The common loon rescued at Crown Beach (rear bird) swims in a pool at the International Bird Rescue Center. Her injuries can be seen in the stitches on her head. Image courtesy International Bird Rescue Center.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She was sick, alone, and stranded on a beach, her head wrapped in fishing line that had cut down to the bone in some areas. Even without the injuries, she would have had a hard time taking flight from the sand. Loons are built for a water takeoff with feet far back on their bodies. This \u003ca title=\"Common Loon ID, Cornell website\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/common_loon/id\" target=\"_blank\">common loon\u003c/a> (COLO) was lucky, though, that Martha noticed her and went to get help. Martha found James and Trevor, East Bay Regional Parks naturalist staff at\u003ca title=\"Crab Cove at Crown Beach, EBRPD\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/vc/crab_cove\"> Crown Beach\u003c/a>, and they came to COLO’s rescue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50980\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 382px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/15/rescuing-injured-wildlife/colo-hook-lat/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50980\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-50980\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/COLO-hook-LAT-382x253.jpg\" alt=\"The hook can be seen in this x-ray in the middle-left part of the picture.\" width=\"382\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The hook can be seen in this x-ray in the middle-left part of the picture. Image courtesy of International Bird Rescue Center.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Throwing a jacket over her head to protect themselves and help calm her down, they were able to pick her up and prepare her for transport to the \u003ca title=\"Lindsey Wildlife Museum\" href=\"http://wildlife-museum.org/hospital/about\" target=\"_blank\">Lindsey Wildlife Museum and Hospital\u003c/a> in Walnut Creek. She ended up at the \u003ca title=\"International Bird Rescue Center\" href=\"http://www.bird-rescue.org/\" target=\"_blank\">International Bird Rescue Center\u003c/a> in Cordelia, CA as they specialize in caring for waterbirds. The staff vets removed the monofilament and stitched up her wounds. X-rays revealed that COLO had swallowed a hook. Surgery would be required to remove that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common loons are \u003ca title=\"loon migration, USGS\" href=\"http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/terrestrial/migratory_birds/loons/questions.html\" target=\"_blank\">migratory\u003c/a>, spectacular, large grayish birds who winter along the East and West coasts, including San Francisco Bay, and nest in the far northern US, Canada, Alaska, and the Arctic. (Some of you may remember Henry Ford and Katherine Hepburn’s movie, “On Golden Pond,” which made the yodeling call of the loon and lifelong love forever entwined in my mind. But I digress.) Loons can dive deeply and chase their small fish prey to depths of up to 200 feet using their large feet to propel them underwater. Usually though they fish in shallow, nearshore waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50982\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/15/rescuing-injured-wildlife/2013-02-22-13-37-35/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50982\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-50982\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/2013-02-22-13.37.35-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Trevor helped rescue the injured common loon from the beach.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trevor helped rescue the injured common loon from the beach.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Discarded fishing line, tackle and hooks pose threats to loons and other wildlife. One initiative to help educate fishermen about the importance of cleaning up after themselves is underway in many fishing spots along our shores. \u003ca title=\"Marine Debris website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/ccbn/trashdebris.html\" target=\"_blank\">Monofilament collection bins \u003c/a>have been installed in many areas and information is being distributed about where they can send their line to have it recycled. You can help wildlife by donating time or resources to the facilities and volunteers who do the important work in the day-to-day care for our injured wildlife. \u003ca title=\"Wildcare Bay Area\" href=\"http://www.wildcarebayarea.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AnimalAid\" target=\"_blank\">Wildcare\u003c/a> is another important wildlife care facility operating in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50979\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/15/rescuing-injured-wildlife/colos-in-pool-edited/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50979\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-50979\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/COLOs-in-pool-edited.jpg\" alt=\"The common loon rescued at Crown Beach (rear bird) swims in a pool at the International Bird Rescue Center. Her injuries can be seen in the stitches on her head. Image courtesy International Bird Rescue Center.\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/COLOs-in-pool-edited.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/COLOs-in-pool-edited-400x225.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The common loon rescued at Crown Beach (rear bird) swims in a pool at the International Bird Rescue Center. Her injuries can be seen in the stitches on her head. Image courtesy International Bird Rescue Center.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She was sick, alone, and stranded on a beach, her head wrapped in fishing line that had cut down to the bone in some areas. Even without the injuries, she would have had a hard time taking flight from the sand. Loons are built for a water takeoff with feet far back on their bodies. This \u003ca title=\"Common Loon ID, Cornell website\" href=\"http://www.allaboutbirds.org/guide/common_loon/id\" target=\"_blank\">common loon\u003c/a> (COLO) was lucky, though, that Martha noticed her and went to get help. Martha found James and Trevor, East Bay Regional Parks naturalist staff at\u003ca title=\"Crab Cove at Crown Beach, EBRPD\" href=\"http://www.ebparks.org/parks/vc/crab_cove\"> Crown Beach\u003c/a>, and they came to COLO’s rescue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50980\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 382px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/15/rescuing-injured-wildlife/colo-hook-lat/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50980\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-50980\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/COLO-hook-LAT-382x253.jpg\" alt=\"The hook can be seen in this x-ray in the middle-left part of the picture.\" width=\"382\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The hook can be seen in this x-ray in the middle-left part of the picture. Image courtesy of International Bird Rescue Center.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Throwing a jacket over her head to protect themselves and help calm her down, they were able to pick her up and prepare her for transport to the \u003ca title=\"Lindsey Wildlife Museum\" href=\"http://wildlife-museum.org/hospital/about\" target=\"_blank\">Lindsey Wildlife Museum and Hospital\u003c/a> in Walnut Creek. She ended up at the \u003ca title=\"International Bird Rescue Center\" href=\"http://www.bird-rescue.org/\" target=\"_blank\">International Bird Rescue Center\u003c/a> in Cordelia, CA as they specialize in caring for waterbirds. The staff vets removed the monofilament and stitched up her wounds. X-rays revealed that COLO had swallowed a hook. Surgery would be required to remove that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common loons are \u003ca title=\"loon migration, USGS\" href=\"http://www.umesc.usgs.gov/terrestrial/migratory_birds/loons/questions.html\" target=\"_blank\">migratory\u003c/a>, spectacular, large grayish birds who winter along the East and West coasts, including San Francisco Bay, and nest in the far northern US, Canada, Alaska, and the Arctic. (Some of you may remember Henry Ford and Katherine Hepburn’s movie, “On Golden Pond,” which made the yodeling call of the loon and lifelong love forever entwined in my mind. But I digress.) Loons can dive deeply and chase their small fish prey to depths of up to 200 feet using their large feet to propel them underwater. Usually though they fish in shallow, nearshore waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_50982\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 189px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/2013/03/15/rescuing-injured-wildlife/2013-02-22-13-37-35/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-50982\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-50982\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/quest/wp-content/uploads/sites/39/2013/03/2013-02-22-13.37.35-189x253.jpg\" alt=\"Trevor helped rescue the injured common loon from the beach.\" width=\"189\" height=\"253\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Trevor helped rescue the injured common loon from the beach.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Discarded fishing line, tackle and hooks pose threats to loons and other wildlife. One initiative to help educate fishermen about the importance of cleaning up after themselves is underway in many fishing spots along our shores. \u003ca title=\"Marine Debris website\" href=\"http://www.coastal.ca.gov/ccbn/trashdebris.html\" target=\"_blank\">Monofilament collection bins \u003c/a>have been installed in many areas and information is being distributed about where they can send their line to have it recycled. You can help wildlife by donating time or resources to the facilities and volunteers who do the important work in the day-to-day care for our injured wildlife. \u003ca title=\"Wildcare Bay Area\" href=\"http://www.wildcarebayarea.org/site/PageServer?pagename=AnimalAid\" target=\"_blank\">Wildcare\u003c/a> is another important wildlife care facility operating in the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
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"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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