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"content": "\u003cp>Madeline Huberth could play Beethoven with the best of them. She studied cello in college and planned on going professional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then she started to get shooting pains in her left hand when she practiced. Her fingers were tingling. And surgery did nothing to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I started losing muscle mass in my hand,” Huberth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By graduation, she couldn’t lift her pinky anymore or stretch her index finger back to play B flat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/202439110\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It became very apparent at the end of college that I couldn’t pursue performance anymore,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huberth threw herself into studying the science of music. She’s now a Ph.D. student at Stanford University’s \u003ca href=\"https://ccrma.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics\u003c/a>, where she’s become adept at a new musical instrument: her laptop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Using a laptop, you can do anything that isn’t even physically possible,” she explains. “You can have an incredibly wide vibrato. Or you could simulate the sound of a string that’s the length of the building,” to produce an incredibly low pitch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Huberth is the teaching assistant for the \u003ca href=\"http://slork.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stanford Laptop Orchestra\u003c/a>. This is a class that meets Wednesday nights during the spring semester. Students write code to create their own instrument on the computer, which they will score into a full orchestral work by the end of the semester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c1f1DATjZUg\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several students in the class have a musical background, like Huberth, while several others come from computer science or engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I studied physics and I have kind of a tech background,” graduate student Tim O’Brien says. “But I loved music all my life, so it kind of combines everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent class meeting, he and 13 other students sat on rows of meditation pillows, fixing code on their laptops and fiddling with speakers made out of IKEA salad bowls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They rehearsed ensemble pieces that they will perform at an \u003ca href=\"http://slork.stanford.edu/events/2015/slorktastic/\">upcoming chamber concert\u003c/a>, and demonstrated their individual solo instruments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Brien began his demo by taking a big breath and blowing softly into his laptop. Then he jingled his car keys over the keyboard and tapped his water bottle. He programmed his computer’s microphone to translate these human actions into a morphed, electronic sound. The class loved it. And so did the orchestra director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10500180\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/photo4.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10500180\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/photo4.jpg\" alt=\"Ge Wang, assistant professor of music at Stanford's Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics, teaches a music coding lesson to students participating in the Stanford Laptop Orchestra.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/photo4.jpg 3264w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/photo4-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/photo4-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/photo4-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/photo4-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/photo4-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ge Wang, assistant professor of music at Stanford's Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics, teaches a music coding lesson to students participating in the Stanford Laptop Orchestra. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That was nothing short of magical,” says Ge Wang, assistant professor of music at Stanford. “Tim was able to really find this mix where human meets machine. And in that way, it was like this dialogue. But what came out of the computer was a sound that would not come anywhere except through a computer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang and Huberth also like when students get physical with the medium. For example, one student is programming an armband to produce sounds when he stretches or clenches his hand. Other students use Gametraks, little black boxes originally used as a video game control, that have two red retractable cables. Students connect them to their laptops and program them to produce different notes or rhythms when they pull them up, down, left or right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can rapidly prototype physical gestures, interactions and map them to sound,” Wang explains. “It enables a way to quickly explore a whole world of new sounds, interactions, and performance practices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10500181\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/laptop-orchestra-5.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10500181\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/laptop-orchestra-5.jpg\" alt=\" Erica Fearon demonstrates a piece of music she composed on her laptop. She programmed the cables to make different sounds when she moved them in different directions.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/laptop-orchestra-5.jpg 2448w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/laptop-orchestra-5-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/laptop-orchestra-5-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/laptop-orchestra-5-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/laptop-orchestra-5-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/laptop-orchestra-5-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Erica Fearon demonstrates a piece of music she composed on her laptop. She programmed the cables to make different sounds when she moved them in different directions. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wang says this makes for a better experience for the audience – one that is both pleasing to listen to and also interesting to watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says this is one of the ways laptop orchestra is evolving as a medium. Wang was a founding member of the first laptop orchestra, launched at Princeton University 10 years ago. He started the Stanford Laptop Orchestra, known affectionately as Slork, in 2008. Today, there are more than 70 laptop orchestras, but Wang says they’re still really just beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ten years may be a long time in computer years. To really make it into an art form, it’s still quite early,” Wang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some more advanced laptop musicians are pushing boundaries. Madeline Huberth helped form a chamber group called Sidelobe, which meets year-round and works on reinterpreting earlier compositions, choosing from a young but growing library of more than 300 works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been pulling pieces from the canon, from the laptop orchestra canon,” Huberth says. “Pieces that have done very well, that have been written by more seasoned composers, and we’re giving these performances new life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest challenge laptop musicians face is the same challenge all artists confront, Wang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether a violin, cello, piano or a laptop, we’re all looking for a different way to represent that spark of humanity,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Stanford Laptop Orchestra will perform a chamber music concert on April 30 and a full orchestral concert on May 30. The \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://slork.stanford.edu/events/2015/slorktastic/\">\u003cem>events\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> are both free and open to the public. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Madeline Huberth could play Beethoven with the best of them. She studied cello in college and planned on going professional.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then she started to get shooting pains in her left hand when she practiced. Her fingers were tingling. And surgery did nothing to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I started losing muscle mass in my hand,” Huberth says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By graduation, she couldn’t lift her pinky anymore or stretch her index finger back to play B flat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/202439110&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/202439110'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It became very apparent at the end of college that I couldn’t pursue performance anymore,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Huberth threw herself into studying the science of music. She’s now a Ph.D. student at Stanford University’s \u003ca href=\"https://ccrma.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics\u003c/a>, where she’s become adept at a new musical instrument: her laptop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Using a laptop, you can do anything that isn’t even physically possible,” she explains. “You can have an incredibly wide vibrato. Or you could simulate the sound of a string that’s the length of the building,” to produce an incredibly low pitch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Huberth is the teaching assistant for the \u003ca href=\"http://slork.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Stanford Laptop Orchestra\u003c/a>. This is a class that meets Wednesday nights during the spring semester. Students write code to create their own instrument on the computer, which they will score into a full orchestral work by the end of the semester.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/c1f1DATjZUg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/c1f1DATjZUg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Several students in the class have a musical background, like Huberth, while several others come from computer science or engineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I studied physics and I have kind of a tech background,” graduate student Tim O’Brien says. “But I loved music all my life, so it kind of combines everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent class meeting, he and 13 other students sat on rows of meditation pillows, fixing code on their laptops and fiddling with speakers made out of IKEA salad bowls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They rehearsed ensemble pieces that they will perform at an \u003ca href=\"http://slork.stanford.edu/events/2015/slorktastic/\">upcoming chamber concert\u003c/a>, and demonstrated their individual solo instruments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O’Brien began his demo by taking a big breath and blowing softly into his laptop. Then he jingled his car keys over the keyboard and tapped his water bottle. He programmed his computer’s microphone to translate these human actions into a morphed, electronic sound. The class loved it. And so did the orchestra director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10500180\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/photo4.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10500180\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/photo4.jpg\" alt=\"Ge Wang, assistant professor of music at Stanford's Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics, teaches a music coding lesson to students participating in the Stanford Laptop Orchestra.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/photo4.jpg 3264w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/photo4-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/photo4-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/photo4-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/photo4-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/photo4-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ge Wang, assistant professor of music at Stanford's Center for Computer Research in Music and Acoustics, teaches a music coding lesson to students participating in the Stanford Laptop Orchestra. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That was nothing short of magical,” says Ge Wang, assistant professor of music at Stanford. “Tim was able to really find this mix where human meets machine. And in that way, it was like this dialogue. But what came out of the computer was a sound that would not come anywhere except through a computer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wang and Huberth also like when students get physical with the medium. For example, one student is programming an armband to produce sounds when he stretches or clenches his hand. Other students use Gametraks, little black boxes originally used as a video game control, that have two red retractable cables. Students connect them to their laptops and program them to produce different notes or rhythms when they pull them up, down, left or right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can rapidly prototype physical gestures, interactions and map them to sound,” Wang explains. “It enables a way to quickly explore a whole world of new sounds, interactions, and performance practices.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10500181\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/laptop-orchestra-5.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10500181\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/laptop-orchestra-5.jpg\" alt=\" Erica Fearon demonstrates a piece of music she composed on her laptop. She programmed the cables to make different sounds when she moved them in different directions.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"2560\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/laptop-orchestra-5.jpg 2448w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/laptop-orchestra-5-400x533.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/laptop-orchestra-5-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/laptop-orchestra-5-1440x1920.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/laptop-orchestra-5-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/laptop-orchestra-5-960x1280.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Erica Fearon demonstrates a piece of music she composed on her laptop. She programmed the cables to make different sounds when she moved them in different directions. \u003ccite>(April Dembosky)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wang says this makes for a better experience for the audience – one that is both pleasing to listen to and also interesting to watch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says this is one of the ways laptop orchestra is evolving as a medium. Wang was a founding member of the first laptop orchestra, launched at Princeton University 10 years ago. He started the Stanford Laptop Orchestra, known affectionately as Slork, in 2008. Today, there are more than 70 laptop orchestras, but Wang says they’re still really just beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ten years may be a long time in computer years. To really make it into an art form, it’s still quite early,” Wang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some more advanced laptop musicians are pushing boundaries. Madeline Huberth helped form a chamber group called Sidelobe, which meets year-round and works on reinterpreting earlier compositions, choosing from a young but growing library of more than 300 works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve been pulling pieces from the canon, from the laptop orchestra canon,” Huberth says. “Pieces that have done very well, that have been written by more seasoned composers, and we’re giving these performances new life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest challenge laptop musicians face is the same challenge all artists confront, Wang says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Whether a violin, cello, piano or a laptop, we’re all looking for a different way to represent that spark of humanity,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Stanford Laptop Orchestra will perform a chamber music concert on April 30 and a full orchestral concert on May 30. The \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://slork.stanford.edu/events/2015/slorktastic/\">\u003cem>events\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> are both free and open to the public. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Player pianos that are 100 years old will come to life this Saturday at Stanford University, reproducing historic performances by composers like George Gershwin and Igor Stravinksy. The \u003ca href=\"https://events.stanford.edu/events/495/49503/\">concert\u003c/a> is part of the university's new \u003ca href=\"http://library.stanford.edu/projects/player-piano-project\">Player Piano Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Player pianos were “capable of reproducing the nuances of touch and timing of a pianist who recorded in real time,” explains Kumaran Arul, a music instructor at Stanford. The pianos play music recorded on perforated rolls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/201327486\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arul led the effort to acquire and preserve the more than 7,500 rolls and 10 player pianos from a collector in Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pianos became very popular in the late 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> and early 20\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> centuries and then died out as phonographs improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In listening to the rolls, Arul and his colleagues are finding that old pianists were not as tied to sheet music as today’s musicians are. They were willing to take more risks, and be more flexible with rhythm and tempo changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xsuPVBAwg4s&w=640&h=360]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nayantara Jain, a senior piano student at Stanford, is using the rolls to inform her own playing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These actual composers playing their own pieces do things that teachers will tell you are not OK,” Jain says. “It just opens a whole world of expressive possibility and it’s really exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, the Stanford Symphony Orchestra, composed of student players, will accompany Percy Grainger, a pianist who died in 1961, as his 1921 roll runs on a player piano. Rex Lawson, a player piano expert from London, will play a foot-operated version of a player piano, manipulating the roll as it plays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10494122\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10494122\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll-800x503.jpg\" alt=\"A player piano roll containing the touch and timing of a performance by Arthur Rubinstein.\" width=\"800\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll-800x503.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll-400x252.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll-1440x906.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll-1180x742.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll-768x483.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll-320x201.jpg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A player piano roll containing the touch and timing of a performance by Arthur Rubinstein. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Stanford University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lawson is optimistic that the concert and the Player Piano Project will bring much-needed attention to the old pianos and rolls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These things are not toys,” Lawson says. “They’re serious musical instruments, and it’s jolly good, finally, that people are beginning to take them seriously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon the rolls will also be available to musicians beyond the Stanford community. Kumaran Arul and his colleagues are in the process of building a custom scanner that will digitize the rolls and make them available online.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Player pianos that are 100 years old will come to life this Saturday at Stanford University, reproducing historic performances by composers like George Gershwin and Igor Stravinksy. The \u003ca href=\"https://events.stanford.edu/events/495/49503/\">concert\u003c/a> is part of the university's new \u003ca href=\"http://library.stanford.edu/projects/player-piano-project\">Player Piano Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Player pianos were “capable of reproducing the nuances of touch and timing of a pianist who recorded in real time,” explains Kumaran Arul, a music instructor at Stanford. The pianos play music recorded on perforated rolls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/201327486&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/201327486'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arul led the effort to acquire and preserve the more than 7,500 rolls and 10 player pianos from a collector in Australia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pianos became very popular in the late 19\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> and early 20\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> centuries and then died out as phonographs improved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In listening to the rolls, Arul and his colleagues are finding that old pianists were not as tied to sheet music as today’s musicians are. They were willing to take more risks, and be more flexible with rhythm and tempo changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/xsuPVBAwg4s'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/xsuPVBAwg4s'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nayantara Jain, a senior piano student at Stanford, is using the rolls to inform her own playing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These actual composers playing their own pieces do things that teachers will tell you are not OK,” Jain says. “It just opens a whole world of expressive possibility and it’s really exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, the Stanford Symphony Orchestra, composed of student players, will accompany Percy Grainger, a pianist who died in 1961, as his 1921 roll runs on a player piano. Rex Lawson, a player piano expert from London, will play a foot-operated version of a player piano, manipulating the roll as it plays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10494122\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10494122\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll-800x503.jpg\" alt=\"A player piano roll containing the touch and timing of a performance by Arthur Rubinstein.\" width=\"800\" height=\"503\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll-800x503.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll-400x252.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll-1440x906.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll-1180x742.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll-768x483.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll-320x201.jpg 320w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/04/RubensteinRoll.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A player piano roll containing the touch and timing of a performance by Arthur Rubinstein. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Stanford University)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lawson is optimistic that the concert and the Player Piano Project will bring much-needed attention to the old pianos and rolls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These things are not toys,” Lawson says. “They’re serious musical instruments, and it’s jolly good, finally, that people are beginning to take them seriously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon the rolls will also be available to musicians beyond the Stanford community. Kumaran Arul and his colleagues are in the process of building a custom scanner that will digitize the rolls and make them available online.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>[youtube http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d5u753wQeyM&w=800&h=450]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Paul Kalanithi, a Stanford neurosurgeon who won wide recognition for his published reflections on how he coped with his own terminal disease, died of lung cancer earlier this week at the age of 37.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford announced Kalanithi's death Wednesday in \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2015/03/stanford-neurosurgeon-writer-paul-kalanithi-dies-at-37.html\" target=\"_blank\">an obituary\u003c/a> that detailed both his academic and professional accomplishments and his brief, remarkable career as an essayist. A favorite detail: He came to Stanford as an undergrad and left with both a bachelor's \u003cem>and\u003c/em> a master's in English literature and a bachelor's in human biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>He next studied the history and philosophy of science and medicine at the University of Cambridge, earning a master’s degree, before attending the Yale School of Medicine. In 2007, he graduated from Yale cum laude, winning the Lewis H. Nahum Prize, awarded for his research on Tourette’s syndrome, and membership in the Alpha Omega Alpha medical honor society. At Yale, he also met classmate Lucy Goddard, whom he married in 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He returned to Stanford for a residency in neurological surgery and a postdoctoral fellowship in neuroscience, during which he authored more than 20 scientific publications and received the American Academy of Neurological Surgery’s highest award for research.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>He was also a husband, father, brother and son, and leaves a large family, several members of which are doctors themselves, mourning his passing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford obituary includes the video (above) produced to accompany Kalanithi's final essay, \"\u003ca href=\"http://stanmed.stanford.edu/2015spring/before-i-go.html\" target=\"_blank\">Before I Go\u003c/a>,\" which appears in the spring 2015 issue of Stanford Medicine magazine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's one passage from that essay:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Time for me is double-edged: Every day brings me further from the low of my last cancer relapse, but every day also brings me closer to the next cancer recurrence — and eventually, death. Perhaps later than I think, but certainly sooner than I desire. There are, I imagine, two responses to that realization. The most obvious might be an impulse to frantic activity: to “live life to its fullest,” to travel, to dine, to achieve a host of neglected ambitions. Part of the cruelty of cancer, though, is not only that it limits your time, it also limits your energy, vastly reducing the amount you can squeeze into a day. It is a tired hare who now races. But even if I had the energy, I prefer a more tortoiselike approach. I plod, I ponder, some days I simply persist.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/d5u753wQeyM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/d5u753wQeyM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Paul Kalanithi, a Stanford neurosurgeon who won wide recognition for his published reflections on how he coped with his own terminal disease, died of lung cancer earlier this week at the age of 37.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford announced Kalanithi's death Wednesday in \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2015/03/stanford-neurosurgeon-writer-paul-kalanithi-dies-at-37.html\" target=\"_blank\">an obituary\u003c/a> that detailed both his academic and professional accomplishments and his brief, remarkable career as an essayist. A favorite detail: He came to Stanford as an undergrad and left with both a bachelor's \u003cem>and\u003c/em> a master's in English literature and a bachelor's in human biology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>He next studied the history and philosophy of science and medicine at the University of Cambridge, earning a master’s degree, before attending the Yale School of Medicine. In 2007, he graduated from Yale cum laude, winning the Lewis H. Nahum Prize, awarded for his research on Tourette’s syndrome, and membership in the Alpha Omega Alpha medical honor society. At Yale, he also met classmate Lucy Goddard, whom he married in 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He returned to Stanford for a residency in neurological surgery and a postdoctoral fellowship in neuroscience, during which he authored more than 20 scientific publications and received the American Academy of Neurological Surgery’s highest award for research.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>He was also a husband, father, brother and son, and leaves a large family, several members of which are doctors themselves, mourning his passing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford obituary includes the video (above) produced to accompany Kalanithi's final essay, \"\u003ca href=\"http://stanmed.stanford.edu/2015spring/before-i-go.html\" target=\"_blank\">Before I Go\u003c/a>,\" which appears in the spring 2015 issue of Stanford Medicine magazine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's one passage from that essay:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Time for me is double-edged: Every day brings me further from the low of my last cancer relapse, but every day also brings me closer to the next cancer recurrence — and eventually, death. Perhaps later than I think, but certainly sooner than I desire. There are, I imagine, two responses to that realization. The most obvious might be an impulse to frantic activity: to “live life to its fullest,” to travel, to dine, to achieve a host of neglected ambitions. Part of the cruelty of cancer, though, is not only that it limits your time, it also limits your energy, vastly reducing the amount you can squeeze into a day. It is a tired hare who now races. But even if I had the energy, I prefer a more tortoiselike approach. I plod, I ponder, some days I simply persist.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Top utilities regulator criticized San Bruno officials after 2010 blast\u003c/strong> \u003cem>(Los Angeles Times)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Two years after a deadly gas explosion in the Bay Area city of San Bruno, California Public Utilities Commission President Michael Peevey described the city's mayor as \"emotional\" and the city manager as \"nuts,\" according to emails newly released by the San Francisco utility giant Pacific Gas & Electric Co. \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-puc-scandal-20141223-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Full story\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Rights group questions police tactics in raid on Muslim's home\u003c/strong> \u003cem>(San Jose Mercury News)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>More than a dozen police officers armed with assault rifles and pistols stormed into a Santa Clara man's front yard in late March, used a battering ram to bust into his house and ransacked the place looking for property they never found. His alleged crime? Possession of a stolen $275 dashboard camera. \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/crime-courts/ci_27190103/muslim-group-claims-cops-mistreated-santa-clara-man\" target=\"_blank\">Full story\u003c/a> (may require subscription)\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Stanford's Class of '94 and a gender gap more powerful than the Internet\u003c/strong> \u003cem>(New York Times)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In the history of American higher education, it is hard to top the luck and timing of the Stanford class of 1994, whose members arrived on campus barely aware of what an email was, and yet grew up to help teach the rest of the planet to shop, send money, find love and navigate an ever-expanding online universe. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/12/23/us/gender-gaps-stanford-94.html\" target=\"_blank\">Full story\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>California's new 'Yes means yes' law going into effect\u003c/strong> \u003cem>(Capital Public Radio)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In 2015 any California college or university that receives state financial aid must begin using a \"yes means yes\" approach toward sexual assault. That means both parties must give ongoing, affirmative consent during any sexual activity. \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org/articles/2014/12/22/yes-means-yes-law-going-into-effect/\" target=\"_blank\">Full story\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>In Silicon Valley, do the jerks always win\u003c/strong>? \u003cem>(ComputerWorld)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>One of Silicon Valley’s most prominent investors, Paul Graham, believes that investing in jerks (his term) is not just a kind of bad karma, but bad for business as well. ... He told Business Insider: “... We realized it had been a clever move to filter out jerks, because it made the alumni network really tight … based on what I've seen so far, the good people have the advantage over the jerks.\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/article/2862213/in-silicon-valley-do-the-jerks-always-win.html\" target=\"_blank\">Full story\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Gas prices down a record 88 days in a row\u003c/strong> \u003cem>(Wall Street Journal)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>This year more Americans are expected to take to the road for the holidays than ever before, and they will pay much less at the gas pump as they go. U.S. gasoline prices have declined for 88 consecutive days, the longest streak of falling prices on record, according to the motor club AAA. And in some cities—Tulsa, Okla., and Kansas City and Springfield, Mo., among them—prices are beginning to fall below $2 a gallon. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/gas-prices-down-a-record-88-days-in-a-row-1419282991\" target=\"_blank\">Full story\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Dow tops 18,000 for first time\u003c/strong>\u003cem> (Barron's)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 82 points to 18042 early on Tuesday after a stronger-than-expected reading on U.S. gross domestic product. The milestone was reached smack in the middle of the Santa Rally that only last week seemed like a remote possibility. Tuesday’s gains put the market on course for its fifth gain in a row and second all-time high in as many days. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.barrons.com/stockstowatchtoday/2014/12/23/dow-jones-industrial-average-tops-18000/\" target=\"_blank\">Full story\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Giants to take all three World Series trophies on tour\u003c/strong> \u003cem>(San Francisco Giants)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Fans from southern Oregon clear down to the southern edge of the San Joaquin Valley will get a chance to take selfies with the World Series hardware. Tour will kick off in Sacramento on Jan. 7, 2015. \u003ca href=\"http://mlb.mlb.com/sf/fan_forum/trophy_tour.jsp?partnerId=ed-8871692-764414063\" target=\"_blank\">Full tour schedule\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/12/16/what-gives-the-morpho-butterfly-its-magnificent-blue/\" target=\"_blank\">What gives the morpho butterfly its magnificent blue?\u003c/a> \u003cem>(KQED Science/Deep Look)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Some butterfly scales are colored by pigments. But others rely on something called “structural color” -– the production of color by nano-sized elaborate shapes that reflect and bend light. Structural color is why we perceive the Morpho butterfly, a dazzling type of blue butterfly found in South America, Mexico and Central America, as bright blue, along with peacock feathers, iridescent beetles and blue eyes. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/12/16/what-gives-the-morpho-butterfly-its-magnificent-blue/\" target=\"_blank\">Full story\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Top utilities regulator criticized San Bruno officials after 2010 blast\u003c/strong> \u003cem>(Los Angeles Times)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Two years after a deadly gas explosion in the Bay Area city of San Bruno, California Public Utilities Commission President Michael Peevey described the city's mayor as \"emotional\" and the city manager as \"nuts,\" according to emails newly released by the San Francisco utility giant Pacific Gas & Electric Co. \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-puc-scandal-20141223-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Full story\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Rights group questions police tactics in raid on Muslim's home\u003c/strong> \u003cem>(San Jose Mercury News)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>More than a dozen police officers armed with assault rifles and pistols stormed into a Santa Clara man's front yard in late March, used a battering ram to bust into his house and ransacked the place looking for property they never found. His alleged crime? Possession of a stolen $275 dashboard camera. \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/crime-courts/ci_27190103/muslim-group-claims-cops-mistreated-santa-clara-man\" target=\"_blank\">Full story\u003c/a> (may require subscription)\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Stanford's Class of '94 and a gender gap more powerful than the Internet\u003c/strong> \u003cem>(New York Times)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In the history of American higher education, it is hard to top the luck and timing of the Stanford class of 1994, whose members arrived on campus barely aware of what an email was, and yet grew up to help teach the rest of the planet to shop, send money, find love and navigate an ever-expanding online universe. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/12/23/us/gender-gaps-stanford-94.html\" target=\"_blank\">Full story\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>California's new 'Yes means yes' law going into effect\u003c/strong> \u003cem>(Capital Public Radio)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In 2015 any California college or university that receives state financial aid must begin using a \"yes means yes\" approach toward sexual assault. That means both parties must give ongoing, affirmative consent during any sexual activity. \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org/articles/2014/12/22/yes-means-yes-law-going-into-effect/\" target=\"_blank\">Full story\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>In Silicon Valley, do the jerks always win\u003c/strong>? \u003cem>(ComputerWorld)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>One of Silicon Valley’s most prominent investors, Paul Graham, believes that investing in jerks (his term) is not just a kind of bad karma, but bad for business as well. ... He told Business Insider: “... We realized it had been a clever move to filter out jerks, because it made the alumni network really tight … based on what I've seen so far, the good people have the advantage over the jerks.\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/article/2862213/in-silicon-valley-do-the-jerks-always-win.html\" target=\"_blank\">Full story\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Gas prices down a record 88 days in a row\u003c/strong> \u003cem>(Wall Street Journal)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>This year more Americans are expected to take to the road for the holidays than ever before, and they will pay much less at the gas pump as they go. U.S. gasoline prices have declined for 88 consecutive days, the longest streak of falling prices on record, according to the motor club AAA. And in some cities—Tulsa, Okla., and Kansas City and Springfield, Mo., among them—prices are beginning to fall below $2 a gallon. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/gas-prices-down-a-record-88-days-in-a-row-1419282991\" target=\"_blank\">Full story\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Dow tops 18,000 for first time\u003c/strong>\u003cem> (Barron's)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 82 points to 18042 early on Tuesday after a stronger-than-expected reading on U.S. gross domestic product. The milestone was reached smack in the middle of the Santa Rally that only last week seemed like a remote possibility. Tuesday’s gains put the market on course for its fifth gain in a row and second all-time high in as many days. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.barrons.com/stockstowatchtoday/2014/12/23/dow-jones-industrial-average-tops-18000/\" target=\"_blank\">Full story\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Giants to take all three World Series trophies on tour\u003c/strong> \u003cem>(San Francisco Giants)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Fans from southern Oregon clear down to the southern edge of the San Joaquin Valley will get a chance to take selfies with the World Series hardware. Tour will kick off in Sacramento on Jan. 7, 2015. \u003ca href=\"http://mlb.mlb.com/sf/fan_forum/trophy_tour.jsp?partnerId=ed-8871692-764414063\" target=\"_blank\">Full tour schedule\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/12/16/what-gives-the-morpho-butterfly-its-magnificent-blue/\" target=\"_blank\">What gives the morpho butterfly its magnificent blue?\u003c/a> \u003cem>(KQED Science/Deep Look)\u003c/em>:\u003cbr>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Some butterfly scales are colored by pigments. But others rely on something called “structural color” -– the production of color by nano-sized elaborate shapes that reflect and bend light. Structural color is why we perceive the Morpho butterfly, a dazzling type of blue butterfly found in South America, Mexico and Central America, as bright blue, along with peacock feathers, iridescent beetles and blue eyes. \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/12/16/what-gives-the-morpho-butterfly-its-magnificent-blue/\" target=\"_blank\">Full story\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "How Big Data Is Changing Medicine",
"headTitle": "How Big Data Is Changing Medicine | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/09/20140929science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22009\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/computer-servers.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22009 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/computer-servers.jpg\" alt=\"computer servers\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https://guillaumepaumier.com/\">Guillaume Paumier\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here’s how science usually works: Come up with a question or a hypothesis. Develop an experiment to test it and create data. As any middle school student could tell you, it’s called the scientific method.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, some researchers and entrepreneurs in the Bay Area say that method is being upended, especially when it comes to medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider what happened in the pediatric intensive care unit at Stanford’s Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, a young girl from Reno, Nevada, was flown by helicopter to the pediatric intensive care unit of the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Giving the drug was risky. Not giving the drug was also risky.’\u003ccite>— Jennifer Frankovich, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“She was gravely ill. Her kidneys were shutting down,” recalls Jennifer Frankovich, at the time a young attending physician at the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The girl had been given morphine to dull her crushing abdominal pain. To Frankovich, the girl’s parents, who were from Mexico, looked like deer in the headlights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were probably more doctors around her bed than they’d seen in their lives” she says. “I mean, the kidney doctor, the intensivist, the rheumatology team, the hematology team. There was a huge number of doctors around this poor girl’s bed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weighing the Risks \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tests showed the girl had lupus, a disease in which the immune system goes rogue, attacking the body’s healthy tissues. Lupus can cause permanent kidney damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Frankovich worried about something else, too. She’d seen kids like this before, and recalled that some of them also developed blood clots, which can travel to the heart or lungs and be deadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blood clots can be prevented with an anti-coagulant, which keeps the blood flowing. But that, too, carries risks. A patient on blood thinners can have a stroke or bleed into an organ. Blood thinners can also complicate surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giving the drug was risky. Not giving the drug was also risky. Frankovich asked her colleagues: What should we do here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There wasn’t enough published literature to guide this decision,” Frankovich says. “[They said] the best route was to not do anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pediatric lupus is rare, which makes formal studies hard to come by. It would take years for a single institution to identify enough subjects to come up with a meaningful sample size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the question itself was fairly obscure. Whether or not pediatric lupus patients are at a high risk for developing blood clots is one of those matters that medical researchers haven’t gotten around to answering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frankovich needed data. And that is when she had her big idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Big-data-2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22096\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Big-data-2.jpg\" alt=\"(David Pierce/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1391\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Unconventional Decision\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frankovich had been helping build a database of pediatric lupus patients who had been seen previously at the hospital. She had digitized the charts and made them searchable with key words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t typical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like any chronic medical condition, lupus generates a staggering amount of paperwork. Doctors follow each patient for years, even a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our pediatric lupus patients have enough records to fill boxes,” Frankovich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the accumulated records of every kid with lupus who has come through Packard Hospital would fill a large room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, all that data was accessible with a keystroke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By looking for patterns within those medical records, Frankovich realized, she would, in a sense, be doing the study no one else had gotten around to doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She could look at every pediatric lupus patient that had come through the hospital to see how many of them developed blood clots, and what the risk factors were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on that, she could calculate whether the risks of a blood clot in her current patient justified the risks of prescribing an anti-coagulant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she ran the search and presented her findings to her colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The scientific method itself is growing obsolete.’\u003ccite>— Atul Butte, Stanford School of Medicine\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“And universally everyone said, ‘wow, based on those numbers, it seems like we should try to prevent a clot in her,’” Frankovich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patient was given the anti-coagulant. Over time her lupus got better. As far as Frankovich knows, she’s doing well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may not seem like it, but what Frankovich did was fairly radical, noteworthy enough to warrant a \u003ca href=\"http://bmi205.stanford.edu/_media/jfrankovich-1.pdf\">paper published \u003c/a>in November 2011 in the New England Journal of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, doctors make decisions based on two factors: One, their own expertise and that of other doctors and specialists. In other words, that team of doctors who were gathered around the young lupus patient’s bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two, doctors consult the scientific literature. They read studies and case reports that have been published in established medical journals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frankovich was taking a third route. She was using electronic medical records to search for answers that were already out there, but hadn’t been uncovered yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Seismic Shift in Medicine\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an example, says \u003ca href=\"https://buttelab.stanford.edu/\">Atul Butte\u003c/a>, an entrepreneur and associate professor of pediatrics at the Stanford School of Medicine, of a seismic shift happening in medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea here is, the scientific method itself is growing obsolete,” Butte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22031\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 409px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Physician-ipad-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-22031\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Physician-ipad-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Healthcare providers increasingly use electronic medical records and other large data sets to understand patient responses to treatment over time. (NEC Corporation of America) \" width=\"409\" height=\"272\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Healthcare providers increasingly use electronic medical records and other large data sets to understand patient responses to treatment over time. (NEC Corporation of America)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This concept draws from \u003ca href=\"http://archive.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/16-07/pb_theory\">an essay\u003c/a> published in Wired Magazine in 2008 called “The End of Theory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the essay, so much information will be available at our fingertips in the future that there will be almost no need for experiments. The answers are already out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about it,” Butte says. “The scientific method — we learned this in elementary school — is: We come up with a question, a hypothesis, and go make measurements to answer it. Now we’re living in this world where we already have the measurements and the data. The struggle is to figure out: What do we want to ask of all that data?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take, for example, a question Butte’s team has focused on recently: the rise in pre-term births in the United States. One theory, says Butte, points to an increase in exposure to environmental toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, this would be a challenging hypothesis to study. Medical records for these births aren’t necessarily in any one place, online. The same problem exists with records on air pollution, or weather patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We’re heading to a world where we’ll have the genome sequence of everyone on planet Earth.’\u003ccite>— Atul Butte, Stanford School of Medicine\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But that’s changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Butte says, “you can connect pre-term births from the medical records and birth census data to weather patterns, pollution monitors and EPA data to see is there a correlation there or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correlation does not mean causation (as any statistician will tell you) but it’s a good jumping-off point for more targeted research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Ever-Expanding Cloud of Information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big data is more than medical records and environmental data, Butte says. It could (or already does) include the results of every clinical trial that’s ever been done, every lab test, Google search, tweet. The data from your Fitbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, the challenge won’t be finding the data, it’ll be figuring out how to organize it all.\u003cbr>\n“I think the computational side of this is, let’s try to connect everything to everything,” Butte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the biggest pool of data will be the genetic instructions written in each one of our cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took $2.7 billion and 13 years to sequence the first human genome. Today, that same project costs $1,500 and takes about a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re heading to a world where we’re going to have the genome sequence of everyone on planet Earth,” Butte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17192\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 333px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/Wojcicki-216x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17192\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/Wojcicki-216x162.jpg\" alt=\"23andMe CEO Anne Wojcicki, speaking at the annual SXSW festival in Austin, Texas in March 2014. (Jenny Oh/KQED)\" width=\"333\" height=\"250\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">23andMe CEO Anne Wojcicki, speaking at the annual SXSW festival in Austin, Texas in March 2014. (Jenny Oh/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the world’s largest genetics databases belongs to the Mountain View-based company 23andMe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Anne Wojcicki says that huge pool of data is already providing answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take for example, she says, a family that came to the company to learn more about three family members who had developed pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family members also shared a specific gene mutation. They wanted to know: Is the mutation causing the cancer?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>23andMe consulted its database of more than 500,000 partial genetic profiles. They found 157 people with the same mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we saw,” Wojcicki says, “is that of those 157 people with that mutation, the majority said they don’t have the cancer, nor does anyone in their immediate family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We’re able to take the timeline down from years of research to a couple weeks.”\u003ccite>— Anne Wojcicki, 23andMe\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“So we were very quickly able to conclude, not with 100 percent certainty,” she says, “but with a high degree of certainty, that the mutation the family thought was causing pancreatic cancer was not causing the cancer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, she says, this kind of question would require expensive research grants. Researchers would have to recruit subjects with and without the disease and then run genetic tests on all of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>23andMe’s searchable database meant the answers were already there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re able to take the timeline down from years of research to a couple weeks,” Wojcicki says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 23andMe, big data is a business model. The company anonymizes its genetics information and sells it to researchers who want to study the genetic basis for Parkinson’s disease or diabetes, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/ibd/\">teamed up\u003c/a> with Pfizer on a project to research inflammatory bowel syndrome. In July, the company announced a $1.37 million \u003ca href=\"http://mediacenter.23andme.com/press-releases/nih_grant_2014/\">grant\u003c/a> from the National Institutes of Health to develop its database and research engine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This work raises questions about privacy, and about who gets access to this data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Safer? Data Or a Team of Doctors?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when medicine meets big data there are always questions about safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember Dr. Frankovich and the lupus patient?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the success of that experiment, you might think what she did is now standard at the hospital where she works. In fact, it’s the opposite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re actually not doing that anymore, says Frankovich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, hospital administrators decided — at least in urgent cases where time is short — that it is still safer to trust the wisdom of a team of doctors than to search medical records for data about what’s worked in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frankovich agrees. Analyzing data is complicated and requires specific expertise. What if the search engine has bugs, or the records are transcribed incorrectly? There’s just too much room for error, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to take a system to interpret the data,” she says. “And that’s what we don’t have yet. We don’t have that system. We will, I mean for sure, the data is there, right? Now we have to develop the system to use it in a thoughtful, safe way.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Used to be that medical researchers came up with a theory, recruited subjects, and gathered data, sometimes for years. Now, the answers are already there in data collections on the cloud. All researchers need is the right question.",
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"description": "Used to be that medical researchers came up with a theory, recruited subjects, and gathered data, sometimes for years. Now, the answers are already there in data collections on the cloud. All researchers need is the right question.",
"title": "How Big Data Is Changing Medicine | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22009\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/computer-servers.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-22009 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/computer-servers.jpg\" alt=\"computer servers\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Courtesy of \u003ca href=\"https://guillaumepaumier.com/\">Guillaume Paumier\u003c/a>)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Here’s how science usually works: Come up with a question or a hypothesis. Develop an experiment to test it and create data. As any middle school student could tell you, it’s called the scientific method.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, some researchers and entrepreneurs in the Bay Area say that method is being upended, especially when it comes to medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider what happened in the pediatric intensive care unit at Stanford’s Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital a few years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, a young girl from Reno, Nevada, was flown by helicopter to the pediatric intensive care unit of the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Giving the drug was risky. Not giving the drug was also risky.’\u003ccite>— Jennifer Frankovich, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“She was gravely ill. Her kidneys were shutting down,” recalls Jennifer Frankovich, at the time a young attending physician at the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The girl had been given morphine to dull her crushing abdominal pain. To Frankovich, the girl’s parents, who were from Mexico, looked like deer in the headlights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were probably more doctors around her bed than they’d seen in their lives” she says. “I mean, the kidney doctor, the intensivist, the rheumatology team, the hematology team. There was a huge number of doctors around this poor girl’s bed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Weighing the Risks \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tests showed the girl had lupus, a disease in which the immune system goes rogue, attacking the body’s healthy tissues. Lupus can cause permanent kidney damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Frankovich worried about something else, too. She’d seen kids like this before, and recalled that some of them also developed blood clots, which can travel to the heart or lungs and be deadly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blood clots can be prevented with an anti-coagulant, which keeps the blood flowing. But that, too, carries risks. A patient on blood thinners can have a stroke or bleed into an organ. Blood thinners can also complicate surgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Giving the drug was risky. Not giving the drug was also risky. Frankovich asked her colleagues: What should we do here?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There wasn’t enough published literature to guide this decision,” Frankovich says. “[They said] the best route was to not do anything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pediatric lupus is rare, which makes formal studies hard to come by. It would take years for a single institution to identify enough subjects to come up with a meaningful sample size.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the question itself was fairly obscure. Whether or not pediatric lupus patients are at a high risk for developing blood clots is one of those matters that medical researchers haven’t gotten around to answering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frankovich needed data. And that is when she had her big idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22096\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Big-data-2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-22096\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Big-data-2.jpg\" alt=\"(David Pierce/KQED)\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1391\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(David Pierce/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Unconventional Decision\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frankovich had been helping build a database of pediatric lupus patients who had been seen previously at the hospital. She had digitized the charts and made them searchable with key words.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn’t typical.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like any chronic medical condition, lupus generates a staggering amount of paperwork. Doctors follow each patient for years, even a decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our pediatric lupus patients have enough records to fill boxes,” Frankovich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says the accumulated records of every kid with lupus who has come through Packard Hospital would fill a large room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now, all that data was accessible with a keystroke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By looking for patterns within those medical records, Frankovich realized, she would, in a sense, be doing the study no one else had gotten around to doing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She could look at every pediatric lupus patient that had come through the hospital to see how many of them developed blood clots, and what the risk factors were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Based on that, she could calculate whether the risks of a blood clot in her current patient justified the risks of prescribing an anti-coagulant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So she ran the search and presented her findings to her colleagues.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The scientific method itself is growing obsolete.’\u003ccite>— Atul Butte, Stanford School of Medicine\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“And universally everyone said, ‘wow, based on those numbers, it seems like we should try to prevent a clot in her,’” Frankovich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The patient was given the anti-coagulant. Over time her lupus got better. As far as Frankovich knows, she’s doing well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may not seem like it, but what Frankovich did was fairly radical, noteworthy enough to warrant a \u003ca href=\"http://bmi205.stanford.edu/_media/jfrankovich-1.pdf\">paper published \u003c/a>in November 2011 in the New England Journal of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, doctors make decisions based on two factors: One, their own expertise and that of other doctors and specialists. In other words, that team of doctors who were gathered around the young lupus patient’s bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two, doctors consult the scientific literature. They read studies and case reports that have been published in established medical journals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frankovich was taking a third route. She was using electronic medical records to search for answers that were already out there, but hadn’t been uncovered yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Seismic Shift in Medicine\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s an example, says \u003ca href=\"https://buttelab.stanford.edu/\">Atul Butte\u003c/a>, an entrepreneur and associate professor of pediatrics at the Stanford School of Medicine, of a seismic shift happening in medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea here is, the scientific method itself is growing obsolete,” Butte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_22031\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 409px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Physician-ipad-1024x682.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-22031\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/09/Physician-ipad-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Healthcare providers increasingly use electronic medical records and other large data sets to understand patient responses to treatment over time. (NEC Corporation of America) \" width=\"409\" height=\"272\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Healthcare providers increasingly use electronic medical records and other large data sets to understand patient responses to treatment over time. (NEC Corporation of America)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This concept draws from \u003ca href=\"http://archive.wired.com/science/discoveries/magazine/16-07/pb_theory\">an essay\u003c/a> published in Wired Magazine in 2008 called “The End of Theory.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the essay, so much information will be available at our fingertips in the future that there will be almost no need for experiments. The answers are already out there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Think about it,” Butte says. “The scientific method — we learned this in elementary school — is: We come up with a question, a hypothesis, and go make measurements to answer it. Now we’re living in this world where we already have the measurements and the data. The struggle is to figure out: What do we want to ask of all that data?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take, for example, a question Butte’s team has focused on recently: the rise in pre-term births in the United States. One theory, says Butte, points to an increase in exposure to environmental toxins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, this would be a challenging hypothesis to study. Medical records for these births aren’t necessarily in any one place, online. The same problem exists with records on air pollution, or weather patterns.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We’re heading to a world where we’ll have the genome sequence of everyone on planet Earth.’\u003ccite>— Atul Butte, Stanford School of Medicine\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But that’s changing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, Butte says, “you can connect pre-term births from the medical records and birth census data to weather patterns, pollution monitors and EPA data to see is there a correlation there or not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correlation does not mean causation (as any statistician will tell you) but it’s a good jumping-off point for more targeted research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Ever-Expanding Cloud of Information\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big data is more than medical records and environmental data, Butte says. It could (or already does) include the results of every clinical trial that’s ever been done, every lab test, Google search, tweet. The data from your Fitbit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, the challenge won’t be finding the data, it’ll be figuring out how to organize it all.\u003cbr>\n“I think the computational side of this is, let’s try to connect everything to everything,” Butte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the biggest pool of data will be the genetic instructions written in each one of our cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took $2.7 billion and 13 years to sequence the first human genome. Today, that same project costs $1,500 and takes about a day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re heading to a world where we’re going to have the genome sequence of everyone on planet Earth,” Butte says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17192\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 333px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/Wojcicki-216x162.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-17192\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/05/Wojcicki-216x162.jpg\" alt=\"23andMe CEO Anne Wojcicki, speaking at the annual SXSW festival in Austin, Texas in March 2014. (Jenny Oh/KQED)\" width=\"333\" height=\"250\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">23andMe CEO Anne Wojcicki, speaking at the annual SXSW festival in Austin, Texas in March 2014. (Jenny Oh/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One of the world’s largest genetics databases belongs to the Mountain View-based company 23andMe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Anne Wojcicki says that huge pool of data is already providing answers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take for example, she says, a family that came to the company to learn more about three family members who had developed pancreatic cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family members also shared a specific gene mutation. They wanted to know: Is the mutation causing the cancer?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>23andMe consulted its database of more than 500,000 partial genetic profiles. They found 157 people with the same mutation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we saw,” Wojcicki says, “is that of those 157 people with that mutation, the majority said they don’t have the cancer, nor does anyone in their immediate family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">“We’re able to take the timeline down from years of research to a couple weeks.”\u003ccite>— Anne Wojcicki, 23andMe\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“So we were very quickly able to conclude, not with 100 percent certainty,” she says, “but with a high degree of certainty, that the mutation the family thought was causing pancreatic cancer was not causing the cancer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Normally, she says, this kind of question would require expensive research grants. Researchers would have to recruit subjects with and without the disease and then run genetic tests on all of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>23andMe’s searchable database meant the answers were already there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re able to take the timeline down from years of research to a couple weeks,” Wojcicki says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 23andMe, big data is a business model. The company anonymizes its genetics information and sells it to researchers who want to study the genetic basis for Parkinson’s disease or diabetes, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It recently \u003ca href=\"https://www.23andme.com/ibd/\">teamed up\u003c/a> with Pfizer on a project to research inflammatory bowel syndrome. In July, the company announced a $1.37 million \u003ca href=\"http://mediacenter.23andme.com/press-releases/nih_grant_2014/\">grant\u003c/a> from the National Institutes of Health to develop its database and research engine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This work raises questions about privacy, and about who gets access to this data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What’s Safer? Data Or a Team of Doctors?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when medicine meets big data there are always questions about safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember Dr. Frankovich and the lupus patient?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the success of that experiment, you might think what she did is now standard at the hospital where she works. In fact, it’s the opposite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re actually not doing that anymore, says Frankovich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, hospital administrators decided — at least in urgent cases where time is short — that it is still safer to trust the wisdom of a team of doctors than to search medical records for data about what’s worked in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frankovich agrees. Analyzing data is complicated and requires specific expertise. What if the search engine has bugs, or the records are transcribed incorrectly? There’s just too much room for error, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to take a system to interpret the data,” she says. “And that’s what we don’t have yet. We don’t have that system. We will, I mean for sure, the data is there, right? Now we have to develop the system to use it in a thoughtful, safe way.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17341\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/96525183-e1390846077644.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17341\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/96525183-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"The Anthem Blue Cross headquarters in Woodland Hills, California. (David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Anthem Blue Cross headquarters in Woodland Hills, California. (David McNew/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Effective Monday at 12:01a.m., Stanford Health Care terminated its contract with Anthem Blue Cross. Anthem says that roughly 10,000 of its policyholders have used Stanford services in the last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Anthem used \u003ca title=\"PriceCheck\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/06/23/share-your-bill-make-health-costs-transparent-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">PriceCheck, KQED's crowdsourced guide to health costs\u003c/a>. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Anthem said it had requested that \"Stanford agree to a two-week extension of the terminated contract at existing rates.\" Both parties say negotiations are ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford had notified the insurer on Feb. 28, Anthem says, that it intended to terminate the contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sticking point appears to be the duration of the contract. Both sides say that they reached agreement on rates for a two-year contract, but Stanford seeks a three-year contract. Because no agreement has been reached on the third year, and because Stanford did not extend its current contract, no contract is in force.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Larkin, spokesman for Stanford, said patients should not worry. \"While our contract did expire last night,\" Larkin said in an email, \"I want to reiterate that Stanford Health Care will continue to welcome Anthem members and honor Anthem¹s in-network co-payment amounts for all of our services and care.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Larkin would not say whether Stanford would pick up the costs that had been covered by Anthem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darrel Ng, spokesman for Anthem, said that Anthem patients are potentially responsible for chargemaster rates -- essentially the list price, usually multiples higher than what insurers pay to providers. While Stanford may not charge those high prices, Ng said that if there were later a billing dispute, \"patients would have to hire their own lawyers to advocate on their behalf.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalPERS, the California Public Employees' Retirement System, was critical of Stanford's move. In a statement, Ann Boynton, a deputy executive director, said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We are deeply disappointed\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\"> with Stanford Hospital's refusal to agree to reasonable terms that allow our members access to Stanford Hospital's services. Anthem Blue Cross and Stanford Hospital agreed to terms for a 2-year contract and we urge Stanford to sign this agreement. Improving the affordability of health care is critical to all Californians and every part of the delivery system must do its part. Stanford Hospital must become part of this effort.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Use of KQED PriceCheck Data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, \u003ca title=\"Stanford Set to Terminate Anthem Blue Cross Contract\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/05/stanford-health-care-terminates-anthem-blue-cross-contract/\" target=\"_blank\">Anthem made public a letter \u003c/a>from its president, Mark Morgan, to the president of Stanford Health Care, Amir Dan Rubin. In the letter Morgan acknowledged that Stanford “does provide excellent care,” but he also noted that Stanford is “one of the most expensive hospitals in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morgan went on to cite specific\u003ca title=\"Stanford Terminates Contract with Anthem Blue Cross\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/05/stanford-health-care-terminates-anthem-blue-cross-contract/\" target=\"_blank\"> \u003c/a>data about Stanford's costs using KQED \u003ca title=\"PriceCheck\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/06/23/share-your-bill-make-health-costs-transparent-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">PriceCheck, a health costs transparency tool\u003c/a> launched in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Morgan's letter:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>According to KQED’s Price Check tool, a lower back MRI (72158 MRI-Lower back/lumbar spine w/ and w/o contrast) cost $5,647 at Stanford, which is nearly eight times what an imaging center in nearby San Jose charges at $724.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Contracts between insurers and providers are typically sealed. So while Anthem certainly has information about Stanford's costs in comparison to other providers, it cannot publicize them without violating its own contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is no such bar around \u003ca title=\"PriceCheck\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/06/23/share-your-bill-make-health-costs-transparent-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">PriceCheck\u003c/a>, which gives patients an easy way to upload their true costs, including what their insurers paid, to the database. \"The market seems to react when these prices are brought to light,\" Ng said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_17341\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/96525183-e1390846077644.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-17341\" title=\"\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/wp-content/uploads/sites/27/2014/01/96525183-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"The Anthem Blue Cross headquarters in Woodland Hills, California. (David McNew/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Anthem Blue Cross headquarters in Woodland Hills, California. (David McNew/Getty Images) \u003ccite>(David McNew/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Effective Monday at 12:01a.m., Stanford Health Care terminated its contract with Anthem Blue Cross. Anthem says that roughly 10,000 of its policyholders have used Stanford services in the last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Anthem used \u003ca title=\"PriceCheck\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/06/23/share-your-bill-make-health-costs-transparent-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">PriceCheck, KQED's crowdsourced guide to health costs\u003c/a>. \u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Anthem said it had requested that \"Stanford agree to a two-week extension of the terminated contract at existing rates.\" Both parties say negotiations are ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford had notified the insurer on Feb. 28, Anthem says, that it intended to terminate the contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sticking point appears to be the duration of the contract. Both sides say that they reached agreement on rates for a two-year contract, but Stanford seeks a three-year contract. Because no agreement has been reached on the third year, and because Stanford did not extend its current contract, no contract is in force.\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Larkin, spokesman for Stanford, said patients should not worry. \"While our contract did expire last night,\" Larkin said in an email, \"I want to reiterate that Stanford Health Care will continue to welcome Anthem members and honor Anthem¹s in-network co-payment amounts for all of our services and care.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Larkin would not say whether Stanford would pick up the costs that had been covered by Anthem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Darrel Ng, spokesman for Anthem, said that Anthem patients are potentially responsible for chargemaster rates -- essentially the list price, usually multiples higher than what insurers pay to providers. While Stanford may not charge those high prices, Ng said that if there were later a billing dispute, \"patients would have to hire their own lawyers to advocate on their behalf.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CalPERS, the California Public Employees' Retirement System, was critical of Stanford's move. In a statement, Ann Boynton, a deputy executive director, said:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"We are deeply disappointed\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\" style=\"color: #000000\">\u003cspan class=\"Apple-style-span\"> with Stanford Hospital's refusal to agree to reasonable terms that allow our members access to Stanford Hospital's services. Anthem Blue Cross and Stanford Hospital agreed to terms for a 2-year contract and we urge Stanford to sign this agreement. Improving the affordability of health care is critical to all Californians and every part of the delivery system must do its part. Stanford Hospital must become part of this effort.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Use of KQED PriceCheck Data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, \u003ca title=\"Stanford Set to Terminate Anthem Blue Cross Contract\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/05/stanford-health-care-terminates-anthem-blue-cross-contract/\" target=\"_blank\">Anthem made public a letter \u003c/a>from its president, Mark Morgan, to the president of Stanford Health Care, Amir Dan Rubin. In the letter Morgan acknowledged that Stanford “does provide excellent care,” but he also noted that Stanford is “one of the most expensive hospitals in the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Morgan went on to cite specific\u003ca title=\"Stanford Terminates Contract with Anthem Blue Cross\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/09/05/stanford-health-care-terminates-anthem-blue-cross-contract/\" target=\"_blank\"> \u003c/a>data about Stanford's costs using KQED \u003ca title=\"PriceCheck\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/06/23/share-your-bill-make-health-costs-transparent-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">PriceCheck, a health costs transparency tool\u003c/a> launched in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From Morgan's letter:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>According to KQED’s Price Check tool, a lower back MRI (72158 MRI-Lower back/lumbar spine w/ and w/o contrast) cost $5,647 at Stanford, which is nearly eight times what an imaging center in nearby San Jose charges at $724.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Contracts between insurers and providers are typically sealed. So while Anthem certainly has information about Stanford's costs in comparison to other providers, it cannot publicize them without violating its own contracts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is no such bar around \u003ca title=\"PriceCheck\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/06/23/share-your-bill-make-health-costs-transparent-in-california/\" target=\"_blank\">PriceCheck\u003c/a>, which gives patients an easy way to upload their true costs, including what their insurers paid, to the database. \"The market seems to react when these prices are brought to light,\" Ng said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/14167-math_maryam.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20521\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/14167-math_maryam.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani is the first woman to win the Fields Medal. (Courtesy of Maryam Mirzakhani)\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani is the first woman to win the Fields Medal. (Courtesy of Maryam Mirzakhani)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A Stanford professor is the first-ever woman to win the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/prize-citations/\">Fields Medal\u003c/a>, the highest award given to mathematicians. Maryam Mirzakhani studies geometry and a field called “dynamical systems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/2014/august/fields-medal-mirzakhani-081214.html\">press release from Stanford\u003c/a> cites\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>…Mirzakhani’s sophisticated and highly original contributions to the fields of geometry and dynamical systems, particularly in understanding the symmetry of curved surfaces, such as spheres, the surfaces of doughnuts and of hyperbolic objects. Although her work is considered “pure mathematics” and is mostly theoretical, it has implications for physics and quantum field theory.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Mirzakhani, who was not offering interviews at the time of the announcement, grew up in Iran, and was a brilliant mathematician even as a teenager, \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140812-a-tenacious-explorer-of-abstract-surfaces/\">according to a profile\u003c/a> by the science magazine \u003cem>Quanta\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Petite but indomitable, Mirzakhani has a reputation among mathematicians for tackling the most difficult questions in her field with dogged persistence. “She has a fearless ambition when it comes to mathematics,” said Curtis McMullen of Harvard University, who was Mirzakhani’s doctoral adviser.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Fields Medal is sometimes described as the “Nobel Prize for math,” and is awarded every four years to mathematicians under the age of 40. The other winners this year, all profiled by \u003cem>Quanta\u003c/em> are \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140812-the-musical-magical-number-theorist/\">Manjul Bhargava\u003c/a>, a professor at Princeton University; \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140808-in-mathematical-noise-one-who-heard-music/\">Martin Hairer\u003c/a> of the University of Oxford in England; and \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140812-a-brazilian-wunderkind-who-calms-chaos/\">Artur Avila\u003c/a>, who teaches at the Institut de mathématiques de Jussieu in Paris, and is the first Brazilian to win the Fields Medal. The award was established in 1936.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 600px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/14167-math_maryam.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20521\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/08/14167-math_maryam.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani is the first woman to win the Fields Medal. (Courtesy of Maryam Mirzakhani)\" width=\"600\" height=\"400\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford mathematician Maryam Mirzakhani is the first woman to win the Fields Medal. (Courtesy of Maryam Mirzakhani)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A Stanford professor is the first-ever woman to win the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/prize-citations/\">Fields Medal\u003c/a>, the highest award given to mathematicians. Maryam Mirzakhani studies geometry and a field called “dynamical systems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/news/2014/august/fields-medal-mirzakhani-081214.html\">press release from Stanford\u003c/a> cites\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>…Mirzakhani’s sophisticated and highly original contributions to the fields of geometry and dynamical systems, particularly in understanding the symmetry of curved surfaces, such as spheres, the surfaces of doughnuts and of hyperbolic objects. Although her work is considered “pure mathematics” and is mostly theoretical, it has implications for physics and quantum field theory.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Mirzakhani, who was not offering interviews at the time of the announcement, grew up in Iran, and was a brilliant mathematician even as a teenager, \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140812-a-tenacious-explorer-of-abstract-surfaces/\">according to a profile\u003c/a> by the science magazine \u003cem>Quanta\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Petite but indomitable, Mirzakhani has a reputation among mathematicians for tackling the most difficult questions in her field with dogged persistence. “She has a fearless ambition when it comes to mathematics,” said Curtis McMullen of Harvard University, who was Mirzakhani’s doctoral adviser.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Fields Medal is sometimes described as the “Nobel Prize for math,” and is awarded every four years to mathematicians under the age of 40. The other winners this year, all profiled by \u003cem>Quanta\u003c/em> are \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140812-the-musical-magical-number-theorist/\">Manjul Bhargava\u003c/a>, a professor at Princeton University; \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140808-in-mathematical-noise-one-who-heard-music/\">Martin Hairer\u003c/a> of the University of Oxford in England; and \u003ca href=\"http://www.simonsfoundation.org/quanta/20140812-a-brazilian-wunderkind-who-calms-chaos/\">Artur Avila\u003c/a>, who teaches at the Institut de mathématiques de Jussieu in Paris, and is the first Brazilian to win the Fields Medal. The award was established in 1936.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/08/20140811science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>People with schizophrenia often have a hard time explaining what it’s like to hear voices. “There’s a huge range of voice hearing experiences,” says Nev Jones, postdoctoral fellow in anthropology at Stanford University who was treated for her psychotic symptoms in 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“It’s not like wearing an iPod”, says the Stanford anthropologist Tanya Luhrman. “It’s like being surrounded by a gang of bullies.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>There can be “voices that are more thought-like,” says Jones, “voices that sound like non-human entities, voices that are perceived as the direct communication of a message, rather than something you’re actually hearing.” Voices aren’t always voices, either. They can sound more like a murmur, a rustle or a beeping. But when a voice is a recognizable voice, more than often, it’s not very nice. “It’s not like wearing an iPod”, says the Stanford anthropologist Tanya Luhrman. “It’s like being surrounded by a gang of bullies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are a few of the people I’ve met over the last few months I’ve spent reporting on young people who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia, or experienced symptoms that seemed, possibly, pre-schizophrenic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EFRAIN PACHECO\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Efrain Pacheco is 21 and lives in San Diego. He can’t remember exactly when the voices began, in part because he thought everyone heard them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162033993″]\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cstrong>Schizophrenia: New Thinking, New Treatments \u003c/strong>This is the third story in a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/schizophrenia-new-thinking-new-treatments/\">three-part series\u003c/a> looking at the changing science of schizophrenia and emerging treatments.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Part One: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/new-clinics-in-california-seek-to-stop-schizophrenia-before-it-starts/\">New Clinics in California Seek to Stop Schizophrenia Before it Starts\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Part Two: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/what-is-schizophrenia-scientists-call-for-new-thinking/\">What Is Schizophrenia? Scientists Call for New Thinking\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Today he takes an anti-psychotic drug, Risperdal, which has mostly quieted them. Sometimes he misses them, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>FRANKIE MORENO\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Frankie Moreno is 25, and also lives in San Diego. About four years ago, his reality started to shift. At first, he heard “random noises,” like the sound of running on the roof. The sounds evolved into two voices, speaking just out of range of hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162034446″] Over time, the voices got louder and more threatening, until one night, they told him to hurt himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>REAGAN\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWe profiled Reagan in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/new-clinics-in-california-seek-to-stop-schizophrenia-before-it-starts/\">first story in this series\u003c/a>. She’s 23 and lives in Simi Valley. Her hallucinations were visual, not auditory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162034827″] She knew they couldn’t be real, but they still terrified her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WILL HALL\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will Hall was in his 20s when the film \u003cem>The Matrix\u003c/em> came out. He was obsessed with it, and thought it had been written for him, specifically. He heard voices telling him that he had caused the Columbine massacre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162181136″] \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">In California, \u003ca href=\"http://prepwellness.org/prep-san-francisco/\">PREP\u003c/a> offers mental health services to young people and their families. Schizophrenia.com offers a \u003ca href=\"http://www.schizophrenia.com/earlypsychosis.htm\">resource page\u003c/a> that includes other states. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nami.org/\">The National Alliance on Mental Illness\u003c/a> has \u003ca href=\"http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=Your_Local_NAMI&Template=/CustomSource/AffiliateFinder.cfm\">chapters\u003c/a> in every state and offers support to families. The young people in this story received help at \u003ca href=\"http://www.kickstartsd.org/\">Kickstart\u003c/a>, in San Diego.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He found that as he listened to the voices, and tried to understand where they were coming from, the voices became kinder and more supportive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ANDREA VALLEJO\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis last one is Andrea Vallejo, who works for a program in San Diego called Kickstart, which treats kids in the very earliest stages of schizophrenia. I met her when she and other Kickstart staff had taken a bunch of clients, between 10 and 25 years old, to fly kites at San Diego’s Seaport Village.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162033392″] Vallejo’s job is to help kids stay in school, connected to friends and family. The slide into isolation can make everything, including auditory and visual hallucinations, much worse.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>People with schizophrenia often have a hard time explaining what it’s like to hear voices. “There’s a huge range of voice hearing experiences,” says Nev Jones, postdoctoral fellow in anthropology at Stanford University who was treated for her psychotic symptoms in 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">“It’s not like wearing an iPod”, says the Stanford anthropologist Tanya Luhrman. “It’s like being surrounded by a gang of bullies.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>There can be “voices that are more thought-like,” says Jones, “voices that sound like non-human entities, voices that are perceived as the direct communication of a message, rather than something you’re actually hearing.” Voices aren’t always voices, either. They can sound more like a murmur, a rustle or a beeping. But when a voice is a recognizable voice, more than often, it’s not very nice. “It’s not like wearing an iPod”, says the Stanford anthropologist Tanya Luhrman. “It’s like being surrounded by a gang of bullies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are a few of the people I’ve met over the last few months I’ve spent reporting on young people who have been diagnosed with schizophrenia, or experienced symptoms that seemed, possibly, pre-schizophrenic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>EFRAIN PACHECO\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Efrain Pacheco is 21 and lives in San Diego. He can’t remember exactly when the voices began, in part because he thought everyone heard them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='undefined' height='undefined'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162033993″&visual=true&undefined'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162033993″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cstrong>Schizophrenia: New Thinking, New Treatments \u003c/strong>This is the third story in a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/schizophrenia-new-thinking-new-treatments/\">three-part series\u003c/a> looking at the changing science of schizophrenia and emerging treatments.\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Part One: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/new-clinics-in-california-seek-to-stop-schizophrenia-before-it-starts/\">New Clinics in California Seek to Stop Schizophrenia Before it Starts\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Part Two: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/what-is-schizophrenia-scientists-call-for-new-thinking/\">What Is Schizophrenia? Scientists Call for New Thinking\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Today he takes an anti-psychotic drug, Risperdal, which has mostly quieted them. Sometimes he misses them, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>FRANKIE MORENO\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Frankie Moreno is 25, and also lives in San Diego. About four years ago, his reality started to shift. At first, he heard “random noises,” like the sound of running on the roof. The sounds evolved into two voices, speaking just out of range of hearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='undefined' height='undefined'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162034446″&visual=true&undefined'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162034446″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp> Over time, the voices got louder and more threatening, until one night, they told him to hurt himself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>REAGAN\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nWe profiled Reagan in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/new-clinics-in-california-seek-to-stop-schizophrenia-before-it-starts/\">first story in this series\u003c/a>. She’s 23 and lives in Simi Valley. Her hallucinations were visual, not auditory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='undefined' height='undefined'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162034827″&visual=true&undefined'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162034827″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp> She knew they couldn’t be real, but they still terrified her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>WILL HALL\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Will Hall was in his 20s when the film \u003cem>The Matrix\u003c/em> came out. He was obsessed with it, and thought it had been written for him, specifically. He heard voices telling him that he had caused the Columbine massacre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='undefined' height='undefined'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162181136″&visual=true&undefined'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162181136″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">In California, \u003ca href=\"http://prepwellness.org/prep-san-francisco/\">PREP\u003c/a> offers mental health services to young people and their families. Schizophrenia.com offers a \u003ca href=\"http://www.schizophrenia.com/earlypsychosis.htm\">resource page\u003c/a> that includes other states. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nami.org/\">The National Alliance on Mental Illness\u003c/a> has \u003ca href=\"http://www.nami.org/Template.cfm?Section=Your_Local_NAMI&Template=/CustomSource/AffiliateFinder.cfm\">chapters\u003c/a> in every state and offers support to families. The young people in this story received help at \u003ca href=\"http://www.kickstartsd.org/\">Kickstart\u003c/a>, in San Diego.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>He found that as he listened to the voices, and tried to understand where they were coming from, the voices became kinder and more supportive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>ANDREA VALLEJO\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThis last one is Andrea Vallejo, who works for a program in San Diego called Kickstart, which treats kids in the very earliest stages of schizophrenia. I met her when she and other Kickstart staff had taken a bunch of clients, between 10 and 25 years old, to fly kites at San Diego’s Seaport Village.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='undefined' height='undefined'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162033392″&visual=true&undefined'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/162033392″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp> Vallejo’s job is to help kids stay in school, connected to friends and family. The slide into isolation can make everything, including auditory and visual hallucinations, much worse.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California’s Biggest Water Source Shrouded in Secrecy",
"headTitle": "California’s Biggest Water Source Shrouded in Secrecy | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20031\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 460px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/groundwaterpump2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20031\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/groundwaterpump2.jpg\" alt=\"A groundwater pumping well in Kern County. Groundwater levels have dropped 100 feet in some parts of the San Joaquin Valley. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"460\" height=\"377\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A groundwater pump in Kern County. Groundwater levels have dropped to all-time lows in some parts of the San Joaquin Valley. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s an “alarming lack of information” about California’s biggest reservoir, finds a \u003ca href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/groundwater/\">major new analysis\u003c/a> of the state’s groundwater resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As water levels dwindle in California’s rivers and reservoirs, many farmers and water districts are relying on the state’s vast underground reservoirs instead. In drought years, groundwater provides up to 60 percent of California’s water supply, according to rough estimates by state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But exactly how much water is being tapped from beneath our feet is largely unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public information about groundwater is sketchy, even in regions where over-pumping is a chronic problem, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/groundwater/\">report\u003c/a> from Stanford University’s \u003ca title=\"Stanford-Lane - Water in the West\" href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/\">Water in the West\u003c/a> program, a project of the Woods Institute for the Environment and Bill Lane Center for the American West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors warn that after decades of unrestrained pumping, California is a long way from reaching a sustainable balance of withdrawal and “recharge,” the term used by hydrologists for water that gradually refills most groundwater basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drawing Down the Savings Account\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater is often called California’s “savings account,” holding significantly more water than the state’s surface reservoirs. In dry years, groundwater pumping increases to make up for lost supplies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, some California farms could replace as much as three-quarters of their surface water shortfalls that way, according to a study by U.C. Davis. Hypothetically, in wet years, the groundwater is replenished as rain and snow percolate back into the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"float:right;margin:10px\" src=\"http://web.stanford.edu/group/waterinthewest/groundwater/embed/groundwater-explanation/index-kqed.html\" width=\"530\" height=\"350\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in many parts of California, groundwater is \u003ca href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/groundwater/overview/index.html\">pumped faster than it’s being replenished\u003c/a>. NASA satellite data show that over the last 50 years, the Central Valley’s groundwater has been on a \u003ca href=\"http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2014/02/04/epic-california-drought-and-groundwater-where-do-we-go-from-here/\">steady downward trend \u003c/a> and has hit all-time lows in some areas. Water tables have dropped by 100 feet in parts of the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater pumping is largely unregulated in California, except in places where judges have ruled in specific disputes. Landowners are generally free to pump as much as they want from under their property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that levels are dropping,” says Tara Moran, research associate with Water in the West. “We know that we’re not replenishing them at the rate that we need to be, but we don’t know exactly when it’s going to run out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extent of the problem is being masked by a lack of information, \u003ca href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/groundwater/metrics/index.html\">according to Stanford researchers\u003c/a>. Crucial data, like how much groundwater is being pumped and how fast levels are dropping, are only collected and shared in a few parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It decreases the reliability of the water supply for the entire state,” says Justin Maynard, who analyzed groundwater records for the study. “There’s no real reliable information on how much groundwater is there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maynard \u003ca href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/groundwater/metrics/index.html\">looked at groundwater basins\u003c/a> across the state and ranked them according to their public accessibility. That includes groundwater elevation, which drops as groundwater is extracted, and production metering, such as tracking how much water is being pumped at each well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also considered well drilling logs, the records that are collected by drillers about the depth and location of a water well, and whether a region had a groundwater model, a comprehensive tool that helps water managers make predictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"http://web.stanford.edu/group/waterinthewest/groundwater/embed/ca-data-scores/kqed.html\" width=\"840\" height=\"536\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of regions, like Orange County and Santa Clara Valley, have taken a proactive approach to sharing groundwater information, but many places are lagging behind despite serious concerns about over pumping, according to the Stanford analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maynard says when it comes to groundwater levels and metering of use, there’s nothing that prevents regional water districts from collecting and sharing the information. Well drilling logs, on the other hand, are kept secret by law. The information is reported to California’s Department of Water Resources, but the records are considered confidential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"float:right;margin:10px\" src=\"http://web.stanford.edu/group/waterinthewest/groundwater/embed/basins-overdraft-kqed\" width=\"450\" height=\"680\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drilling logs are key to getting a full picture of groundwater use, says Stanford’s Tara Moran. “Part of understanding how groundwater overdraft is affecting different aquifers requires understanding which aquifers those wells are drawing from,” she says. “Without well log data, you actually can’t understand which of the aquifers is becoming depleted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lags behind almost all other Western states when it comes to groundwater monitoring and reporting, according to data from the Nature Conservancy. Well drilling logs are publicly available in every Western state besides California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we aren’t managing it in a sustainable way, there are a lot people that will be vulnerable as a result,” says Moran. “We have cities throughout California that are 100 percent reliant on groundwater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State Reporting Requirements Slow to Be Met\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California water officials are attempting to gather more comprehensive information about groundwater use under a program known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/groundwater/casgem/\">CASGEM\u003c/a> (California Statewide Groundwater Elevation Monitoring). It was authorized by a bill passed by the state legislature in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the program, regions must designate a reporting entity and then share information about groundwater levels. Participation is voluntary, though regions that don’t share data lose eligibility for some state water grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting participation has been a slow process, according to state officials. Of 515 groundwater basins, only 208 are fully or partially reporting data under the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the state has focused on participation in areas that are highly reliant on groundwater. That includes about a quarter of California’s groundwater basins, which have been designated as high-or-medium priority. The state is now getting at least some groundwater data from 78 percent of those areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20032\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 410px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/casgem.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-20032\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/casgem.jpg\" alt=\"The yellow areas show high and medium priority groundwater basins that are not reporting information to the state. Click map for a larger image. (Source: Department of Water Resources)\" width=\"410\" height=\"488\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The yellow areas show high and medium priority groundwater basins that are not reporting information to the state. Click map for a larger image. (Source: Department of Water Resources)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have increased the amount of data available in groundwater,” says Mary Scruggs, who works on the program at the California’s Department of Water Resources. “There were areas that we didn’t have data at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Scruggs says there’s still a lot to be done before the state gets a grip on groundwater use. Currently, the groundwater data is only reported to the state twice a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they’re only monitoring in the spring and fall, it’s not like a reservoir where you can watch the water drop,” says Scruggs. “It’s a step in the right direction but during a drought, monitoring more frequently would probably be better to have a better understanding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some agencies have shown little interest in participating. “It could be they don’t have the financial wherewithal to be doing it,” Scruggs says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other areas would prefer to keep the information secret. “They don’t have wells or the wells’ owners aren’t willing to make that information available,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers are considering \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/04/22/california-edging-closer-to-regulating-groundwater-for-the-first-time/\">ramping up groundwater regulation\u003c/a>, prodded by this year’s extreme drought. Two bills, \u003ca title=\"SB 1168\" href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB1168\">SB 1168\u003c/a> and \u003ca title=\"AB 1739\" href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB1739\">AB 1739\u003c/a>, would require regions to put together groundwater management plans, following recommendations from the California Water Foundation and the Association of California Water Agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scruggs says data and reporting will be a critical part of any regulation. “If you don’t know what’s going on with the groundwater, how do you manage the resource?” she says.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20031\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 460px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/groundwaterpump2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20031\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/groundwaterpump2.jpg\" alt=\"A groundwater pumping well in Kern County. Groundwater levels have dropped 100 feet in some parts of the San Joaquin Valley. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"460\" height=\"377\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A groundwater pump in Kern County. Groundwater levels have dropped to all-time lows in some parts of the San Joaquin Valley. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There’s an “alarming lack of information” about California’s biggest reservoir, finds a \u003ca href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/groundwater/\">major new analysis\u003c/a> of the state’s groundwater resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As water levels dwindle in California’s rivers and reservoirs, many farmers and water districts are relying on the state’s vast underground reservoirs instead. In drought years, groundwater provides up to 60 percent of California’s water supply, according to rough estimates by state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But exactly how much water is being tapped from beneath our feet is largely unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Public information about groundwater is sketchy, even in regions where over-pumping is a chronic problem, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/groundwater/\">report\u003c/a> from Stanford University’s \u003ca title=\"Stanford-Lane - Water in the West\" href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/\">Water in the West\u003c/a> program, a project of the Woods Institute for the Environment and Bill Lane Center for the American West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors warn that after decades of unrestrained pumping, California is a long way from reaching a sustainable balance of withdrawal and “recharge,” the term used by hydrologists for water that gradually refills most groundwater basins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drawing Down the Savings Account\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater is often called California’s “savings account,” holding significantly more water than the state’s surface reservoirs. In dry years, groundwater pumping increases to make up for lost supplies. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, some California farms could replace as much as three-quarters of their surface water shortfalls that way, according to a study by U.C. Davis. Hypothetically, in wet years, the groundwater is replenished as rain and snow percolate back into the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"float:right;margin:10px\" src=\"http://web.stanford.edu/group/waterinthewest/groundwater/embed/groundwater-explanation/index-kqed.html\" width=\"530\" height=\"350\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in many parts of California, groundwater is \u003ca href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/groundwater/overview/index.html\">pumped faster than it’s being replenished\u003c/a>. NASA satellite data show that over the last 50 years, the Central Valley’s groundwater has been on a \u003ca href=\"http://newswatch.nationalgeographic.com/2014/02/04/epic-california-drought-and-groundwater-where-do-we-go-from-here/\">steady downward trend \u003c/a> and has hit all-time lows in some areas. Water tables have dropped by 100 feet in parts of the San Joaquin Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater pumping is largely unregulated in California, except in places where judges have ruled in specific disputes. Landowners are generally free to pump as much as they want from under their property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We know that levels are dropping,” says Tara Moran, research associate with Water in the West. “We know that we’re not replenishing them at the rate that we need to be, but we don’t know exactly when it’s going to run out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The extent of the problem is being masked by a lack of information, \u003ca href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/groundwater/metrics/index.html\">according to Stanford researchers\u003c/a>. Crucial data, like how much groundwater is being pumped and how fast levels are dropping, are only collected and shared in a few parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It decreases the reliability of the water supply for the entire state,” says Justin Maynard, who analyzed groundwater records for the study. “There’s no real reliable information on how much groundwater is there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maynard \u003ca href=\"http://waterinthewest.stanford.edu/groundwater/metrics/index.html\">looked at groundwater basins\u003c/a> across the state and ranked them according to their public accessibility. That includes groundwater elevation, which drops as groundwater is extracted, and production metering, such as tracking how much water is being pumped at each well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also considered well drilling logs, the records that are collected by drillers about the depth and location of a water well, and whether a region had a groundwater model, a comprehensive tool that helps water managers make predictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" src=\"http://web.stanford.edu/group/waterinthewest/groundwater/embed/ca-data-scores/kqed.html\" width=\"840\" height=\"536\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A handful of regions, like Orange County and Santa Clara Valley, have taken a proactive approach to sharing groundwater information, but many places are lagging behind despite serious concerns about over pumping, according to the Stanford analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maynard says when it comes to groundwater levels and metering of use, there’s nothing that prevents regional water districts from collecting and sharing the information. Well drilling logs, on the other hand, are kept secret by law. The information is reported to California’s Department of Water Resources, but the records are considered confidential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"float:right;margin:10px\" src=\"http://web.stanford.edu/group/waterinthewest/groundwater/embed/basins-overdraft-kqed\" width=\"450\" height=\"680\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drilling logs are key to getting a full picture of groundwater use, says Stanford’s Tara Moran. “Part of understanding how groundwater overdraft is affecting different aquifers requires understanding which aquifers those wells are drawing from,” she says. “Without well log data, you actually can’t understand which of the aquifers is becoming depleted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lags behind almost all other Western states when it comes to groundwater monitoring and reporting, according to data from the Nature Conservancy. Well drilling logs are publicly available in every Western state besides California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we aren’t managing it in a sustainable way, there are a lot people that will be vulnerable as a result,” says Moran. “We have cities throughout California that are 100 percent reliant on groundwater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>State Reporting Requirements Slow to Be Met\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California water officials are attempting to gather more comprehensive information about groundwater use under a program known as \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/groundwater/casgem/\">CASGEM\u003c/a> (California Statewide Groundwater Elevation Monitoring). It was authorized by a bill passed by the state legislature in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the program, regions must designate a reporting entity and then share information about groundwater levels. Participation is voluntary, though regions that don’t share data lose eligibility for some state water grants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting participation has been a slow process, according to state officials. Of 515 groundwater basins, only 208 are fully or partially reporting data under the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, the state has focused on participation in areas that are highly reliant on groundwater. That includes about a quarter of California’s groundwater basins, which have been designated as high-or-medium priority. The state is now getting at least some groundwater data from 78 percent of those areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_20032\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 410px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/casgem.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-20032\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/07/casgem.jpg\" alt=\"The yellow areas show high and medium priority groundwater basins that are not reporting information to the state. Click map for a larger image. (Source: Department of Water Resources)\" width=\"410\" height=\"488\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The yellow areas show high and medium priority groundwater basins that are not reporting information to the state. Click map for a larger image. (Source: Department of Water Resources)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We have increased the amount of data available in groundwater,” says Mary Scruggs, who works on the program at the California’s Department of Water Resources. “There were areas that we didn’t have data at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Scruggs says there’s still a lot to be done before the state gets a grip on groundwater use. Currently, the groundwater data is only reported to the state twice a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they’re only monitoring in the spring and fall, it’s not like a reservoir where you can watch the water drop,” says Scruggs. “It’s a step in the right direction but during a drought, monitoring more frequently would probably be better to have a better understanding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some agencies have shown little interest in participating. “It could be they don’t have the financial wherewithal to be doing it,” Scruggs says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other areas would prefer to keep the information secret. “They don’t have wells or the wells’ owners aren’t willing to make that information available,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State lawmakers are considering \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/04/22/california-edging-closer-to-regulating-groundwater-for-the-first-time/\">ramping up groundwater regulation\u003c/a>, prodded by this year’s extreme drought. Two bills, \u003ca title=\"SB 1168\" href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140SB1168\">SB 1168\u003c/a> and \u003ca title=\"AB 1739\" href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB1739\">AB 1739\u003c/a>, would require regions to put together groundwater management plans, following recommendations from the California Water Foundation and the Association of California Water Agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scruggs says data and reporting will be a critical part of any regulation. “If you don’t know what’s going on with the groundwater, how do you manage the resource?” she says.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_139037\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/photo-2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-139037\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/photo-2.jpg\" alt=\"Leah Francis at rally.\" width=\"640\" height=\"369\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Leah Francis leads a chant at a June 12th protest against Stanford’s policies on sexual assault. (Peter Jon Shuler/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A crowd gathered this afternoon on the Stanford University campus during a Faculty Senate meeting, as students passed out fliers that said, “#StandWithLeah” and demanding the school change its policy on how it handles sexual assault cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rally happened one day after Stanford announced that it will not expel a student it found responsible for sexual assault, rejecting an appeal from the victim, Leah Francis, who thinks the university treated her alleged assailant too leniently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The administration dangerously mishandled my case,” says Francis, who organized today’s rally. “We need punishment that rises to the magnitude of the assault.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 25, a five-person panel unanimously found the student responsible for sexual misconduct through a disciplinary process called the Alternative Review Process. The panel was set up in 2010 to deal with allegations of misconduct relating to sexual assault, sexual harassment, relationship violence and stalking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alhough Francis filed a police report in Juneau, Alaska, where she said the attack occurred on Jan. 1, 2014, the case is still being reviewed and charges have not been filed. The action of the university does not reflect one way or another on any potential criminal charges in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This disciplinary process does not seek to determine whether a crime was committed, but whether the university’s student conduct policies were violated and, if so, what discipline is appropriate,” said Lisa Lapin, associate vice president of university communications at Stanford University, in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 6, the panel handed down its discipline, suspending the student for five quarters and requiring him to complete 40 hours of community service, as well as a sexual assault education program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This discipline came too late and was too lenient, according to Francis, who reported the incident to Stanford on Jan. 7. Michele Dauber, a Stanford law professor who helped create the Alternative Review Process in 2010, helped draft Francis’s appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He (the alleged assailant) is responsible for sexual assault through force, but (the panel) determined paradoxically that he is not a threat to the Stanford community,” Dauber says. They came to their decision based on the alleged assailant and victim’s relationship two years prior, she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are acting on the erroneous belief that he is only a danger to me,” Francis says. “That belief is outdated. This is a giant step back for Stanford.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Francis and those at the rally would like to see mandatory expulsion for those found responsible for sexual assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are listening,” Greg Boardman, vice provost for student affairs, wrote in a\u003ca href=\"https://studentaffairs.stanford.edu/news/safe-campus-2014\"> June 6 letter\u003c/a> to the community. “Expulsion is currently one of a range of potential outcomes of Stanford’s disciplinary process for cases of forcible sexual assault. A different approach would be to make it the ‘presumptive’ outcome — not meaning that it would be applied to every case automatically, but that it would be the starting point for the consideration of sanctions. We intend to discuss this possible approach further with students and others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also addressed concerns about prevention efforts, due process and better education about sexual assault issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Francis has become vocal about campus sexual assault issues, she says hundreds of other alleged victims have reached out to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My case is a face to rally behind, to make it real to people,” Francis says. “We are trying to change Stanford’s policies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: An earlier version of this post had an inaccurate caption for the photo and inaccurately attributed some information to Stanford University.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 12px auto 6px auto;font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: normal\">\u003ca style=\"text-decoration: underline\" href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/229458162/All-Reviewer-Findings\">All Reviewer Findings\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"doc_18240\" class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/229458162/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_139037\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/photo-2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-139037\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/06/photo-2.jpg\" alt=\"Leah Francis at rally.\" width=\"640\" height=\"369\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Leah Francis leads a chant at a June 12th protest against Stanford’s policies on sexual assault. (Peter Jon Shuler/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A crowd gathered this afternoon on the Stanford University campus during a Faculty Senate meeting, as students passed out fliers that said, “#StandWithLeah” and demanding the school change its policy on how it handles sexual assault cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rally happened one day after Stanford announced that it will not expel a student it found responsible for sexual assault, rejecting an appeal from the victim, Leah Francis, who thinks the university treated her alleged assailant too leniently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The administration dangerously mishandled my case,” says Francis, who organized today’s rally. “We need punishment that rises to the magnitude of the assault.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On April 25, a five-person panel unanimously found the student responsible for sexual misconduct through a disciplinary process called the Alternative Review Process. The panel was set up in 2010 to deal with allegations of misconduct relating to sexual assault, sexual harassment, relationship violence and stalking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alhough Francis filed a police report in Juneau, Alaska, where she said the attack occurred on Jan. 1, 2014, the case is still being reviewed and charges have not been filed. The action of the university does not reflect one way or another on any potential criminal charges in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This disciplinary process does not seek to determine whether a crime was committed, but whether the university’s student conduct policies were violated and, if so, what discipline is appropriate,” said Lisa Lapin, associate vice president of university communications at Stanford University, in a written statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On May 6, the panel handed down its discipline, suspending the student for five quarters and requiring him to complete 40 hours of community service, as well as a sexual assault education program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This discipline came too late and was too lenient, according to Francis, who reported the incident to Stanford on Jan. 7. Michele Dauber, a Stanford law professor who helped create the Alternative Review Process in 2010, helped draft Francis’s appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He (the alleged assailant) is responsible for sexual assault through force, but (the panel) determined paradoxically that he is not a threat to the Stanford community,” Dauber says. They came to their decision based on the alleged assailant and victim’s relationship two years prior, she adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are acting on the erroneous belief that he is only a danger to me,” Francis says. “That belief is outdated. This is a giant step back for Stanford.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Francis and those at the rally would like to see mandatory expulsion for those found responsible for sexual assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are listening,” Greg Boardman, vice provost for student affairs, wrote in a\u003ca href=\"https://studentaffairs.stanford.edu/news/safe-campus-2014\"> June 6 letter\u003c/a> to the community. “Expulsion is currently one of a range of potential outcomes of Stanford’s disciplinary process for cases of forcible sexual assault. A different approach would be to make it the ‘presumptive’ outcome — not meaning that it would be applied to every case automatically, but that it would be the starting point for the consideration of sanctions. We intend to discuss this possible approach further with students and others.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also addressed concerns about prevention efforts, due process and better education about sexual assault issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since Francis has become vocal about campus sexual assault issues, she says hundreds of other alleged victims have reached out to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My case is a face to rally behind, to make it real to people,” Francis says. “We are trying to change Stanford’s policies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Note: An earlier version of this post had an inaccurate caption for the photo and inaccurately attributed some information to Stanford University.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 12px auto 6px auto;font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: normal\">\u003ca style=\"text-decoration: underline\" href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/229458162/All-Reviewer-Findings\">All Reviewer Findings\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"doc_18240\" class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/229458162/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&show_recommendations=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Stanford Men's March Madness Run Ends in 82-72 Loss to Dayton ",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/search/index.jsp?cx=016903106374557566950%3A07-zut18mt4&cof=FORID%3A11&q=guy+marzorati&sa=\">Guy Marzorati\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_130795\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/480962023.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-130795\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/480962023-640x438.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford's Josh Huestis reflects after the Cardinal's loss to Dayton in the NCAA men's basketball tournament Thursday night. (Kevin C. Cox/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"438\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford's Josh Huestis reflects after the Cardinal's loss to Dayton in the NCAA men's basketball tournament Thursday night. (Kevin C. Cox/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The glittering carriage was parked outside of FedEx Forum in Memphis, waiting to take one Cinderella into the Elite Eight. Unfortunately for the No. 10-seeded \u003ca href=\"http://www.gostanford.com/SportSelect.dbml?&SPID=127028\" target=\"_blank\">Stanford Cardinal\u003c/a>, the horse-turned-coachman’s placard read “Dayton.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s surprising run in the NCAA Tournament came to an end Thursday night in the South Regional semifinal, as they fell 82-72 to the Flyers — a No. 11 seed that now makes its first trip to the NCAA men's basketball quarterfinals in 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://godaytonhoops.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Dayton\u003c/a> controlled the game from the opening tip and led for the entire second half. \u003ca href=\"http://www.daytonflyers.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=10\" target=\"_blank\">Jordan Sibert\u003c/a> paced the Flyer attack with 18 points and four three-pointers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cardinal were led by star guard \u003ca href=\"http://www.gostanford.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=208164943&DB_OEM_ID=30600\" target=\"_blank\">Chasson Randle\u003c/a>, who had 21 points but made only 5 of 21 shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford hoped to replicate the game plan that sparked their second-round upset of Kansas: slow the pace and pound the ball inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cardinal found out in the first half that blueprint would be no match for Dayton’s up-tempo offense. The Flyers whipped the ball in, out and around Stanford’s zone defense, leading to six Dayton three-pointers in the first half and 13 assists on the first 15 Flyer baskets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dayton’s depth allowed them to withstand the 49 fouls called in the game (25 on Dayton, 24 on Stanford). Twelve Flyers saw action in the game, while Stanford got only limited minutes from its four-man bench despite finding big men Stefan Nastic and Dwight Powell in early foul trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the guys that came in and were ready, they’ve done it all year,” Dayton coach Archie Miller said after the game. “To be where we’re at right now is a real credit to our kids and their togetherness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford made a 7-0 run early in the second half as they rediscovered their inside offensive game behind junior center Nastic, who sat for most of the first half with three fouls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nastic fouled out with 5:04 left in the game and Stanford down 71-63. Dayton would extend its lead from there, ending any chance Stanford had to advance in front of a crowd that included Seattle Seahawks cornerback (and Stanford alum) Richard Sherman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite missing out on a chance to advance to their first Elite Eight since 2001, Coach Johnny Dawkins' team will have a solid core back next season with Randle, Nastic, and guard Anthony Brown.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/search/index.jsp?cx=016903106374557566950%3A07-zut18mt4&cof=FORID%3A11&q=guy+marzorati&sa=\">Guy Marzorati\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_130795\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/480962023.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-130795\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/480962023-640x438.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford's Josh Huestis reflects after the Cardinal's loss to Dayton in the NCAA men's basketball tournament Thursday night. (Kevin C. Cox/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"438\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford's Josh Huestis reflects after the Cardinal's loss to Dayton in the NCAA men's basketball tournament Thursday night. (Kevin C. Cox/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The glittering carriage was parked outside of FedEx Forum in Memphis, waiting to take one Cinderella into the Elite Eight. Unfortunately for the No. 10-seeded \u003ca href=\"http://www.gostanford.com/SportSelect.dbml?&SPID=127028\" target=\"_blank\">Stanford Cardinal\u003c/a>, the horse-turned-coachman’s placard read “Dayton.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford’s surprising run in the NCAA Tournament came to an end Thursday night in the South Regional semifinal, as they fell 82-72 to the Flyers — a No. 11 seed that now makes its first trip to the NCAA men's basketball quarterfinals in 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://godaytonhoops.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Dayton\u003c/a> controlled the game from the opening tip and led for the entire second half. \u003ca href=\"http://www.daytonflyers.com/roster.aspx?rp_id=10\" target=\"_blank\">Jordan Sibert\u003c/a> paced the Flyer attack with 18 points and four three-pointers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cardinal were led by star guard \u003ca href=\"http://www.gostanford.com/ViewArticle.dbml?ATCLID=208164943&DB_OEM_ID=30600\" target=\"_blank\">Chasson Randle\u003c/a>, who had 21 points but made only 5 of 21 shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford hoped to replicate the game plan that sparked their second-round upset of Kansas: slow the pace and pound the ball inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cardinal found out in the first half that blueprint would be no match for Dayton’s up-tempo offense. The Flyers whipped the ball in, out and around Stanford’s zone defense, leading to six Dayton three-pointers in the first half and 13 assists on the first 15 Flyer baskets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dayton’s depth allowed them to withstand the 49 fouls called in the game (25 on Dayton, 24 on Stanford). Twelve Flyers saw action in the game, while Stanford got only limited minutes from its four-man bench despite finding big men Stefan Nastic and Dwight Powell in early foul trouble.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All the guys that came in and were ready, they’ve done it all year,” Dayton coach Archie Miller said after the game. “To be where we’re at right now is a real credit to our kids and their togetherness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford made a 7-0 run early in the second half as they rediscovered their inside offensive game behind junior center Nastic, who sat for most of the first half with three fouls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nastic fouled out with 5:04 left in the game and Stanford down 71-63. Dayton would extend its lead from there, ending any chance Stanford had to advance in front of a crowd that included Seattle Seahawks cornerback (and Stanford alum) Richard Sherman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite missing out on a chance to advance to their first Elite Eight since 2001, Coach Johnny Dawkins' team will have a solid core back next season with Randle, Nastic, and guard Anthony Brown.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "NCAA Update: Stanford Upsets Kansas to Reach the 'Sweet Sixteen'",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_130193\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/03/23/130190/img_5109/\" rel=\"attachment wp-att-130193\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-130193\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/03/IMG_5109-640x532.jpg\" alt=\"Stanford prevailed over Kansas, 60-57. (David Weir/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"532\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford prevailed over Kansas, 60-57. (David Weir/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stanford upset Kansas, 60-57, to advance to the Sweet Sixteen in the NCAA Men's Basketball Tournament in a South Regional matchup Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cardinal (23-12) will now face upstart Dayton next Thursday in their first appearance this deep in the tournament since 2008. With an extremely tough, inside game, Stanford's defense won the game, out-rebounding the Jayhawks, 33-30, and holding them to 33 percent shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford led most of the second half by a small margin. Kansas (25-10) almost clawed its way back into the lead in the final minutes with a stifling back court press.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The highly rated Kansas freshman, Andrew Wiggins, was held to only 4 points, far below his season average of 16.8 PPG.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dwight Powell led Stanford with 15 points and 7 rebounds. Chasson Randle had 13 points, 6 steals and 4 assists for the Cardinal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the game, statistician and writer \u003ca href=\"http://fivethirtyeight.com/interactives/march-madness-predictions/\">Nate Silver\u003c/a> gave Stanford only a 29 percent chance to win, compared with 71 percent for Kansas. After the victory, Silver's site upgraded Stanford's chances of reaching the championship game from less than 1 percent to 3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may not sound like much, but in Silver's world of numbers, that's a serious upgrade. The statistician currently rates the upcoming Stanford-Dayton game a tossup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the complete list of Sweet Sixteen matchups, Silver lists the following odds of victory by percentage likelihood of a victory:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>South\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFlorida ( 72) vs. UCLA (28)\u003cbr>\nStanford (50) vs. Dayton (50)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Midwest\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMichigan (53) vs. Tennessee (47)\u003cbr>\nLouisville (68) vs. Kentucky (32)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>East\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMichigan State (51) vs. Virginia (49)\u003cbr>\nConnecticut (52) vs. Iowa State (48)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>West\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nArizona (73) vs. San Diego State (27)\u003cbr>\nWisconsin (59) vs. Baylor (41)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the game, statistician and writer \u003ca href=\"http://fivethirtyeight.com/interactives/march-madness-predictions/\">Nate Silver\u003c/a> gave Stanford only a 29 percent chance to win, compared with 71 percent for Kansas. After the victory, Silver's site upgraded Stanford's chances of reaching the championship game from less than 1 percent to 3 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may not sound like much, but in Silver's world of numbers, that's a serious upgrade. The statistician currently rates the upcoming Stanford-Dayton game a tossup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the complete list of Sweet Sixteen matchups, Silver lists the following odds of victory by percentage likelihood of a victory:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>South\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nFlorida ( 72) vs. UCLA (28)\u003cbr>\nStanford (50) vs. Dayton (50)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Midwest\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMichigan (53) vs. Tennessee (47)\u003cbr>\nLouisville (68) vs. Kentucky (32)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>East\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMichigan State (51) vs. Virginia (49)\u003cbr>\nConnecticut (52) vs. Iowa State (48)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>West\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nArizona (73) vs. San Diego State (27)\u003cbr>\nWisconsin (59) vs. Baylor (41)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"soldout": {
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