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"content": "\u003cp>Karl Deisseroth, a Stanford University professor of bioengineering and psychiatry, has been awarded an international prize worth more than $900,000 for his work in illuminating brain activity with light. The exact amount of the prize was 100 million yen.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Karl has created a revolutionary technology that has broadened our understanding of brain disorders and may one day yield treatments to the millions with these disorders.'\u003ccite>Lloyd Minor, Stanford School of Medicine\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth is receiving the 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kyoto Prize\u003c/a> for advanced technology. Awards are also granted for basic sciences, and arts and philosophy. Some of its recipients have gone on to win the Nobel Prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/group/dlab/about_pi.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deisseroth,\u003c/a> the youngest person to ever receive the prize, is being honored for developing \u003ca href=\"http://web.stanford.edu/group/dlab/optogenetics/\">optogenetics\u003c/a>, a technology that uses light-sensitive proteins to manipulate brain cell activity. The method allows scientists to glean more information about brain disorders and to probe how the nervous system works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is humbling to see all the distinguished people who have won the Kyoto Prize, and to be listed with them. It is wonderful to see pure basic science discoveries recognized in this way,\" said Deisseroth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique developed by Deisseroth and his team manipulates cellular activity by delivering a pulse of light to a particular cell through an optical fiber that has been implanted in the animal’s brain. The method yields information on how brain cells give rise to sensations, memories and actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_442697\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-442697\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-375x281.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Kyoto prize medal. \u003ccite>(Inamori Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A brilliant and innovative investigator, Karl has created a revolutionary technology that has broadened our understanding of brain disorders and may one day yield treatments to the millions with these disorders,” said Dr. Lloyd Minor, dean of the \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford School of Medicine\u003c/a>, in a statement. “His receipt of the Kyoto Prize is inordinately well-deserved and the product of his unmatched scientific vision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth has said his research\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/optogenetics-controlling/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> was motivated by\u003c/a> a desire to better understand psychiatric disorders, the leading cause of years of life lost to death or disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth’s research, developed between 2004 and 2009, is used by laboratories around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thousands of laboratories around the world have used optogenetics to satisfy their own curiosity about the natural world, and to test ideas in a broad range of systems and species,\" he said. \"Many people are also studying brain diseases, and optogenetics-guided clinical trials have already started with some success, bringing a new kind of hope to people affected by these diseases such as substance dependence and depression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CE6uNFFZ0qc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes optogenetics so groundbreaking is its level of precision in controlling defined activity within specific cells, according to I-Han Chou, senior editor at the journal \"Nature\".[contextly_sidebar id=\"08EVHeybNXS0fTuglKI55A1KVy7EFUpl\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you imagine the brain as this city, up until now we have been looking at it as if from space,\" Chou\u003ca href=\"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/what-is-optogenetics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> told the\u003c/a> World Economic Forum site. \"We haven't had the tools to do anything beyond seeing what the whole city block is doing. What you actually want to know is what the individual components of the city are, what the people are doing, and what's the information being transported from one part of the city to another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique could transform how neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease are treated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When things go wrong with the brain it is just so devastating. One of the hopes for optogenetics is that if it can work in humans, it might be used as a tool for restoring brain function,\" Chou added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Karl Deisseroth, a Stanford University professor of bioengineering and psychiatry, has been awarded an international prize worth more than $900,000 for his work in illuminating brain activity with light. The exact amount of the prize was 100 million yen.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Karl has created a revolutionary technology that has broadened our understanding of brain disorders and may one day yield treatments to the millions with these disorders.'\u003ccite>Lloyd Minor, Stanford School of Medicine\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth is receiving the 2018 \u003ca href=\"https://www.kyotoprize.org/en/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kyoto Prize\u003c/a> for advanced technology. Awards are also granted for basic sciences, and arts and philosophy. Some of its recipients have gone on to win the Nobel Prize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://web.stanford.edu/group/dlab/about_pi.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deisseroth,\u003c/a> the youngest person to ever receive the prize, is being honored for developing \u003ca href=\"http://web.stanford.edu/group/dlab/optogenetics/\">optogenetics\u003c/a>, a technology that uses light-sensitive proteins to manipulate brain cell activity. The method allows scientists to glean more information about brain disorders and to probe how the nervous system works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is humbling to see all the distinguished people who have won the Kyoto Prize, and to be listed with them. It is wonderful to see pure basic science discoveries recognized in this way,\" said Deisseroth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique developed by Deisseroth and his team manipulates cellular activity by delivering a pulse of light to a particular cell through an optical fiber that has been implanted in the animal’s brain. The method yields information on how brain cells give rise to sensations, memories and actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_442697\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 480px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-442697\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01.jpg 480w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2018/06/image01-375x281.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Kyoto prize medal. \u003ccite>(Inamori Foundation)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A brilliant and innovative investigator, Karl has created a revolutionary technology that has broadened our understanding of brain disorders and may one day yield treatments to the millions with these disorders,” said Dr. Lloyd Minor, dean of the \u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford School of Medicine\u003c/a>, in a statement. “His receipt of the Kyoto Prize is inordinately well-deserved and the product of his unmatched scientific vision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth has said his research\u003ca href=\"https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/optogenetics-controlling/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> was motivated by\u003c/a> a desire to better understand psychiatric disorders, the leading cause of years of life lost to death or disability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deisseroth’s research, developed between 2004 and 2009, is used by laboratories around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Thousands of laboratories around the world have used optogenetics to satisfy their own curiosity about the natural world, and to test ideas in a broad range of systems and species,\" he said. \"Many people are also studying brain diseases, and optogenetics-guided clinical trials have already started with some success, bringing a new kind of hope to people affected by these diseases such as substance dependence and depression.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/CE6uNFFZ0qc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen>\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What makes optogenetics so groundbreaking is its level of precision in controlling defined activity within specific cells, according to I-Han Chou, senior editor at the journal \"Nature\".\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you imagine the brain as this city, up until now we have been looking at it as if from space,\" Chou\u003ca href=\"https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/10/what-is-optogenetics/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> told the\u003c/a> World Economic Forum site. \"We haven't had the tools to do anything beyond seeing what the whole city block is doing. What you actually want to know is what the individual components of the city are, what the people are doing, and what's the information being transported from one part of the city to another.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique could transform how neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease are treated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When things go wrong with the brain it is just so devastating. One of the hopes for optogenetics is that if it can work in humans, it might be used as a tool for restoring brain function,\" Chou added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two new blood tests promise pregnant women an easier, more affordable way of predicting their risk for an premature delivery. The blood tests, developed by\u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Stanford University School of Medicine\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC San Francisco\u003c/a>, look for specific biomarkers in the mother's bloodstream.[contextly_sidebar id=\"A9EcAExSSebnSiay0So2km8e4YnmN7OM\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preterm delivery, which occurs when a baby is born before the 37th week of pregnancy, is the leading cause of death for children under 5 in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6393/1133\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford-led study\u003c/a>, predicts the risk of preterm birth using fetal RNA found in the mother's blood, while the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-018-0112-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF study\u003c/a> focuses on inflammation markers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is currently one blood test on the market that screens for preterm risk, but it comes with serious limitations, according to \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/laura.jelliffe-pawlowski\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laura Jelliffe-Pawlowski\u003c/a>, co-author of the UCSF study and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://pretermbirth.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF California Preterm Birth Initiative\u003c/a>. The costly test screens only for spontaneous preterm births. About three quarters of preterm births occur spontaneously while 25 percent are induced due to medical complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We want to make sure that we're developing something that has the potential to help all women, including those most in need.’\u003ccite>Laura Jelliffe-Pawlowski, UCSF \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But for practitioners like \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsfhealth.org/juan.gonzalez-velez\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Juan Gonzalez\u003c/a>, a perinatologist at UCSF Medical Center, knowing whether a pregnancy is high-risk is not all that helpful without being able to adequately treat the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A patient can have a positive result but we need to know which intervention is the right intervention. This is a great finding but now we need those next steps, which are studies that focus on interventions. That's the part we don’t really know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/biographies/butler-tobah-yvonne-s-m-d/bio-20113896\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Yvonne Butler Tobah\u003c/a>, a Mayo obstetrician, called the developments \"groundbreaking\" but warned that further research is required before it can be instituted clinically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Causes of Preterm Birth\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The causes of pre-term birth are not well understood, but doctors look for certain traits associated with the risk, according to\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So we know things like hypertension and diabetes are associated with preterm birth,\" says Jelliffe-Pawlowski. \"And also the kinds of things that the test picks up, like inflammation, is associated with preterm birth.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"CpQ3Oc4MfPMthrebKJEmSP9wVqLfobiI\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study also looked at income and age of the pregnant women, two factors that exert an independent influence on bodily inflammation and placenta function, according to Jelliffe-Pawlowski. Mothers over the age of 34 are found to be at higher risk of inflammation levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An underlying infection, exposure to environmental toxins, stress, or chronic ailments like diabetes, can all trigger an inflammatory response in pregnant women, a condition that has potential to induce an early pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A subset of women who test positive for preterm risk have a severe pregnancy complication called preeclampsia. The potentially fatal condition is characterized by high blood pressure and organ failure in the mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Treatments are Limited\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current medical treatments are typically limited to cases of preeclampsia, and involve taking aspirin, which Jelliffe-Pawlowski says reduces the occurrence of preeclampsia by up to 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For women with a prior history of preterm delivery, there is a progesterone supplement that is currently offered to decrease the risk, according to Tobah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Prior preterm birth confers about a two fold increased risk,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But outside of this limited category of high-risk pregnancies, there isn't much doctors can recommend in the way of decreasing preterm risk -- outside of bed rest, according to Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And preeclampsia comprises just 15 percent of all preterm births, making preventative care for the great majority of preterm cases all the more urgent, says Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before doctors start running these tests, we really need to know what are we going to tell these women besides, 'You’re at risk,'\" he says.[contextly_sidebar id=\"FTcRs64SRm7xpizZAGK2uc0iQv1HNynr\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the researchers involved in both studies, affordability and accessibility played an important role in the tests' development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While the current available treatments are not great, I do think they have some effect,\" says co-author \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/mads-melbye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mads Melbye\u003c/a>, a professor in medical epidemiology at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. \"For instance, if you know a woman is likely to deliver a preterm baby, you would likely refer her to a specialized hospital. And certainly the knowledge alone is important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Jelliffe-Pawlowski, helping pregnant women in disadvantaged communities was a huge motivator for developing the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we hear from women in the community, particularly black and Latina women, is what's really important to them, is knowing their risk,\" says Jelliffe-Pawlowski. \"It's not necessary that we fix it, but there's an opportunity to communicate risk with women so they can be taken care of appropriately.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Melbye says accurate tests are important, since inaccurate estimates can lead to unnecessary treatments such as the induction of labor or Cesarean sections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Risk Through RNA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford-led study, published last week in the journal Science, measured cell-free fetal RNA in the mothers' bloodstream to determine the due date and preterm risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers compared the blood results of women who had healthy pregnancies with those found to be at high risk for preterm delivery. They accurately predicted six of eight preterm cases and wrongly classified only one of 26 full-term cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Stanford test is a pilot study based on a limited number of women.[contextly_sidebar id=\"RsEfYdBoZW1b667qNhE5ZxykfR7kWICL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The next step will be to apply the findings to large clinical trials,\" says Melbye. \"The study is just the first in a series of studies that allows us to look at the different outcomes of pregnancy. The hope is that it will lead to healthier and safer pregnancies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Risk Through Inflammation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF test focused on 63 biomarkers in the mother's bloodstream related to inflammation and placenta function. From there, researchers narrowed the test down to 25 biomarkers that together help to predict the chances of an early pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, published in the May issue of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-018-0112-0\">\u003ci>Journal of Perinatology\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, is more than 80 percent accurate in predicting preterm births in women who are between 15 and 20 weeks pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In cases of high risk pregnancies, the test was nearly 90 percent accurate.[contextly_sidebar id=\"7E5bGDPvRlmxjV4ypvKH5ngagVo4ise4\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF test, which took five years to develop, is based on ten years of research by Jelliffe-Pawlowski's team. Researchers took blood samples from 400 women during their second trimester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers hope their blood tests will lead to better preventative treatments for women found to be at high risk of preterm birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to make sure that we're developing something that has the potential to help all women, including those most in need,\" says Jelliffe-Pawlowski.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "There is currently one blood test on the market that screens for preterm risk, but it comes with serious limitations. Now, two new tests hold the promise that pregnant women will have an easier, more affordable way.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two new blood tests promise pregnant women an easier, more affordable way of predicting their risk for an premature delivery. The blood tests, developed by\u003ca href=\"http://med.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Stanford University School of Medicine\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UC San Francisco\u003c/a>, look for specific biomarkers in the mother's bloodstream.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Preterm delivery, which occurs when a baby is born before the 37th week of pregnancy, is the leading cause of death for children under 5 in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/360/6393/1133\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Stanford-led study\u003c/a>, predicts the risk of preterm birth using fetal RNA found in the mother's blood, while the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-018-0112-0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF study\u003c/a> focuses on inflammation markers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is currently one blood test on the market that screens for preterm risk, but it comes with serious limitations, according to \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.ucsf.edu/laura.jelliffe-pawlowski\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Laura Jelliffe-Pawlowski\u003c/a>, co-author of the UCSF study and director of the \u003ca href=\"https://pretermbirth.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UCSF California Preterm Birth Initiative\u003c/a>. The costly test screens only for spontaneous preterm births. About three quarters of preterm births occur spontaneously while 25 percent are induced due to medical complications.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'We want to make sure that we're developing something that has the potential to help all women, including those most in need.’\u003ccite>Laura Jelliffe-Pawlowski, UCSF \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But for practitioners like \u003ca href=\"https://www.ucsfhealth.org/juan.gonzalez-velez\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Juan Gonzalez\u003c/a>, a perinatologist at UCSF Medical Center, knowing whether a pregnancy is high-risk is not all that helpful without being able to adequately treat the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A patient can have a positive result but we need to know which intervention is the right intervention. This is a great finding but now we need those next steps, which are studies that focus on interventions. That's the part we don’t really know.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/biographies/butler-tobah-yvonne-s-m-d/bio-20113896\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. Yvonne Butler Tobah\u003c/a>, a Mayo obstetrician, called the developments \"groundbreaking\" but warned that further research is required before it can be instituted clinically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Causes of Preterm Birth\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The causes of pre-term birth are not well understood, but doctors look for certain traits associated with the risk, according to\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So we know things like hypertension and diabetes are associated with preterm birth,\" says Jelliffe-Pawlowski. \"And also the kinds of things that the test picks up, like inflammation, is associated with preterm birth.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF study also looked at income and age of the pregnant women, two factors that exert an independent influence on bodily inflammation and placenta function, according to Jelliffe-Pawlowski. Mothers over the age of 34 are found to be at higher risk of inflammation levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An underlying infection, exposure to environmental toxins, stress, or chronic ailments like diabetes, can all trigger an inflammatory response in pregnant women, a condition that has potential to induce an early pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A subset of women who test positive for preterm risk have a severe pregnancy complication called preeclampsia. The potentially fatal condition is characterized by high blood pressure and organ failure in the mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Treatments are Limited\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current medical treatments are typically limited to cases of preeclampsia, and involve taking aspirin, which Jelliffe-Pawlowski says reduces the occurrence of preeclampsia by up to 30 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For women with a prior history of preterm delivery, there is a progesterone supplement that is currently offered to decrease the risk, according to Tobah.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Prior preterm birth confers about a two fold increased risk,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But outside of this limited category of high-risk pregnancies, there isn't much doctors can recommend in the way of decreasing preterm risk -- outside of bed rest, according to Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And preeclampsia comprises just 15 percent of all preterm births, making preventative care for the great majority of preterm cases all the more urgent, says Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Before doctors start running these tests, we really need to know what are we going to tell these women besides, 'You’re at risk,'\" he says.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for the researchers involved in both studies, affordability and accessibility played an important role in the tests' development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While the current available treatments are not great, I do think they have some effect,\" says co-author \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/mads-melbye\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mads Melbye\u003c/a>, a professor in medical epidemiology at the University of Copenhagen, Denmark. \"For instance, if you know a woman is likely to deliver a preterm baby, you would likely refer her to a specialized hospital. And certainly the knowledge alone is important.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Jelliffe-Pawlowski, helping pregnant women in disadvantaged communities was a huge motivator for developing the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What we hear from women in the community, particularly black and Latina women, is what's really important to them, is knowing their risk,\" says Jelliffe-Pawlowski. \"It's not necessary that we fix it, but there's an opportunity to communicate risk with women so they can be taken care of appropriately.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Melbye says accurate tests are important, since inaccurate estimates can lead to unnecessary treatments such as the induction of labor or Cesarean sections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Risk Through RNA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Stanford-led study, published last week in the journal Science, measured cell-free fetal RNA in the mothers' bloodstream to determine the due date and preterm risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers compared the blood results of women who had healthy pregnancies with those found to be at high risk for preterm delivery. They accurately predicted six of eight preterm cases and wrongly classified only one of 26 full-term cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Stanford test is a pilot study based on a limited number of women.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The next step will be to apply the findings to large clinical trials,\" says Melbye. \"The study is just the first in a series of studies that allows us to look at the different outcomes of pregnancy. The hope is that it will lead to healthier and safer pregnancies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Measuring Risk Through Inflammation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF test focused on 63 biomarkers in the mother's bloodstream related to inflammation and placenta function. From there, researchers narrowed the test down to 25 biomarkers that together help to predict the chances of an early pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study, published in the May issue of \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41372-018-0112-0\">\u003ci>Journal of Perinatology\u003c/i>\u003c/a>, is more than 80 percent accurate in predicting preterm births in women who are between 15 and 20 weeks pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In cases of high risk pregnancies, the test was nearly 90 percent accurate.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The UCSF test, which took five years to develop, is based on ten years of research by Jelliffe-Pawlowski's team. Researchers took blood samples from 400 women during their second trimester.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers hope their blood tests will lead to better preventative treatments for women found to be at high risk of preterm birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Judge in Stanford Rape Case Says His Recall Won't Aid Change",
"title": "Judge in Stanford Rape Case Says His Recall Won't Aid Change",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A judge who faces a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11648372/recall-of-judge-aaron-persky-approved-for-santa-clara-ballot\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">recall vote\u003c/a> over his handling of a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/07/sentence-in-stanford-sexual-assault-case-sparks-outrage/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">sexual assault case involving a Stanford University swimmer\u003c/a> said he supports the movement to improve the way sexual assault victims are treated but ousting him won't help the cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County Superior Court Judge Aaron Persky spoke for the first time against \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11643965/recall-of-judge-in-brock-turner-case-headed-for-june-ballot\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">efforts to recall him\u003c/a> in an interview Thursday with the editorial board of the Mercury News in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is an underlying deep frustration among actual victims of sexual assault and women in general about the criminal justice system not taking sexual assault and domestic violence seriously,\" Persky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But when you take this opportunity and you steer it in the direction that they've steered it, that's where there's a problem,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Persky stood by his sentencing decision and said judges cannot bend to political pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When the case came out and there's the social media outrage, my personal opinion was that I can take the heat, I signed on to this job, I promised to essentially ignore public opinion,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Persky drew criticism after he sentenced former Stanford swimmer Brock Turner in 2016 to six months in jail for sexually assaulting a woman who had passed out behind a trash bin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sentence ignited debate over judicial treatment of sexual assault victims and soon after, critics started work to have a recall vote against him on the June 5 ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the recall argue it would threaten judicial independence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford law professor Michele Dauber, who spearheaded the recall effort, said she has faith in the rest of the judges throughout the state to reasonably apply the law — even after a possible recall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have more faith in judicial integrity than that perspective suggests,\" she said in a separate interview with the editorial board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Persky reiterated that a righteous movement has been hijacked to attack him as a target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Recall proponents have said something to the extent of, 'We're putting rape culture on trial.' So now I am the face of rape culture,\" he said. \"So you have to ask yourself, am I really the face of rape culture?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Information from: San Jose \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Mercury News\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A judge who faces a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11648372/recall-of-judge-aaron-persky-approved-for-santa-clara-ballot\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">recall vote\u003c/a> over his handling of a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/07/sentence-in-stanford-sexual-assault-case-sparks-outrage/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">sexual assault case involving a Stanford University swimmer\u003c/a> said he supports the movement to improve the way sexual assault victims are treated but ousting him won't help the cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County Superior Court Judge Aaron Persky spoke for the first time against \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11643965/recall-of-judge-in-brock-turner-case-headed-for-june-ballot\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">efforts to recall him\u003c/a> in an interview Thursday with the editorial board of the Mercury News in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is an underlying deep frustration among actual victims of sexual assault and women in general about the criminal justice system not taking sexual assault and domestic violence seriously,\" Persky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But when you take this opportunity and you steer it in the direction that they've steered it, that's where there's a problem,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Persky stood by his sentencing decision and said judges cannot bend to political pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When the case came out and there's the social media outrage, my personal opinion was that I can take the heat, I signed on to this job, I promised to essentially ignore public opinion,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Persky drew criticism after he sentenced former Stanford swimmer Brock Turner in 2016 to six months in jail for sexually assaulting a woman who had passed out behind a trash bin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sentence ignited debate over judicial treatment of sexual assault victims and soon after, critics started work to have a recall vote against him on the June 5 ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents of the recall argue it would threaten judicial independence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford law professor Michele Dauber, who spearheaded the recall effort, said she has faith in the rest of the judges throughout the state to reasonably apply the law — even after a possible recall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have more faith in judicial integrity than that perspective suggests,\" she said in a separate interview with the editorial board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Persky reiterated that a righteous movement has been hijacked to attack him as a target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Recall proponents have said something to the extent of, 'We're putting rape culture on trial.' So now I am the face of rape culture,\" he said. \"So you have to ask yourself, am I really the face of rape culture?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>___\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Information from: San Jose \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Mercury News\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659835\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">testimony on Capitol Hill\u003c/a> this week is only the latest focal point in a national conversation about the perils of technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the ethical questions surrounding technology become unavoidable, three Stanford professors are thinking about the kind of ethics education that future engineers will need.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pushing the boundaries of students’ thinking\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On a Tuesday afternoon at the Stanford campus, the professors are sitting around a table crowded with laptops and papers. Mehran Sahami, a computer science professor famous on campus for getting Mark Zuckerberg to \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/02/the-joy-of-teaching-computer-science-in-the-age-of-facebook/283879/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">visit his class\u003c/a> a few years in a row, is at the head of the table. Next to him sits political science professor Rob Reich, infamous for lectures that force students to think critically about their own ethical choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661017\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11661017 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-800x376.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-800x376.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-160x75.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-1020x480.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-1180x555.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-960x452.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-240x113.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-375x176.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-520x245.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching.jpeg 1700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford University computer science professor Mehran Sahami teaching a course. Courtesy: The Stanford Daily \u003ccite>(The Stanford Daily)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Together with political science professor Jeremy Weinstein, they’re creating a new computer science ethics course. It’s an idea they’ve talked about for years, but now feel they can’t put off any longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m tired of having engineers figure stuff out on our behalf,” Reich says. “Allowing ourselves to inhabit a world where engineers are increasingly deciding our future, without the engineers being aware of the ethical responsibilities and considerations of the very technologies they’re pioneering, is a world that I don’t think any of us wants to live in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The professors will be developing the curriculum for the class over the next few months. On this day they’re hashing out a unit about data collection and privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research assistant Michael Dworsky gets them started with a case study. “Facebook has been using facial recognition for a while,” says the fourth-year student, who’s planning to take a job with the social media giant after he graduates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explains Facebook is developing technologies that can identify users by clothing, posture or gait; others allow advertisers to target people \u003ca href=\"https://patents.google.com/patent/US20150242679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">based on their facial expressions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The professors start riffing about the different issues this brings up. Sahami points out that this case study raises questions about when \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/consumer-groups-file-ftc-complaint-against-facebook-1523025141\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">public information becomes private.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I’m at a supermarket and I’m in line to buy something, the people around me can see what I’m buying in that one basket and I probably don’t care,” Sahami says. “But if I just take that information now aggregated over my shopping lifetime, there is data that I probably would have a reasonable belief to be private.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Reich jumps in: “I’m imagining that part of my task in this section will be to remind students that privacy was a value worth caring about in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahami says this kind of interdisciplinary collaboration between computer science and other disciplines is rare. There have been CS ethics courses since he was a student at Stanford some 30 years ago, but he says the courses haven’t always kept pace with innovation. The courses usually focus on philosophy or public policy, with a touch of tech, or the engineering side of things with a hint of ethics. The professors hope this class bring the disciplines together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just want to push the boundaries of students’ thinking,” Sahami says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Students Rise Up\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Across campus, a handful of Stanford undergrads are sitting around a dorm lounge, thinking about all this, too. They meet a couple of times a month and try to figure out how to give computer science a moral compass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior Sawyer Birnbaum helped start the group. He explains that at Stanford, CS students are required to meet a “\u003ca href=\"https://ughb.stanford.edu/courses-and-planning/approved-courses/technology-society-courses-2017-18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology in Society\u003c/a>” requirement, but it’s really broad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Probably by far the majority of CS students at Stanford go through their four years here without like really taking any classes that actually force them to think about ethical questions or engage in that kind of ethical analysis,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660982\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11660982 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-1020x682.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-1180x789.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-960x642.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-520x348.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751.jpg 1843w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford students Sawyer Birnbaum, Andrew Lesh and Axelle Talma talk ethics and CS. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancaño/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The students float different ways to address that, including putting in place more stringent requirements and creating ethics courses tailored to specific fields within computer science, but they spend most of the time talking about the need for interdisciplinary instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student Noah Arthurs says he became frustrated by what he saw as a trade-school mindset in his computer science classes. “They were so industry-oriented,” he says. “You’re just learning skills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the CS department lacked the kind of intellectual rigor he found in other departments. He came to see it as an extension of the tech industry, rather than an academic discipline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The professors will always tell you, ‘You’re learning the algorithm that Facebook uses to do facial recognition, or you’re learning the algorithm that Google uses to tell you search results,’ ” he says. “So it’s like there’s always this looming industry that everything is pointing you towards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biology majors can consider a career in bioethics, he points out, so why not a similar specialty for computer science students? He wants to see some option for CS students, aside from working as an engineer at one of the big Silicon Valley firms or launching a startup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Reich believes there’s support for interdisciplinary collaboration. He says the computer science faculty he knows don’t want Stanford University to become a technical university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want the liberal arts tradition to remain at Stanford,” he says. “So as nearly 50 percent of the undergraduate body is majoring in computer science, the computer science faculty themselves want to ensure that (those students) have a broad education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new course takes a step in that direction, Reich says, but it’s only a piece of what’s needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes I dream of the possibility that we could develop an interdisciplinary major,” he says. Or at the least a concentration for people who are interested in the intersection of ethics, public policy and engineering, “rather than deciding that the engineers do what they do, the ethicists do what they do, and the public policy people can catch up to where the engineers are a decade from now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The professors are hoping to roll out the class in January. One title they’re considering? Practice Safe CS.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659835\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">testimony on Capitol Hill\u003c/a> this week is only the latest focal point in a national conversation about the perils of technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the ethical questions surrounding technology become unavoidable, three Stanford professors are thinking about the kind of ethics education that future engineers will need.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pushing the boundaries of students’ thinking\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>On a Tuesday afternoon at the Stanford campus, the professors are sitting around a table crowded with laptops and papers. Mehran Sahami, a computer science professor famous on campus for getting Mark Zuckerberg to \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2014/02/the-joy-of-teaching-computer-science-in-the-age-of-facebook/283879/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">visit his class\u003c/a> a few years in a row, is at the head of the table. Next to him sits political science professor Rob Reich, infamous for lectures that force students to think critically about their own ethical choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661017\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11661017 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-800x376.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"376\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-800x376.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-160x75.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-1020x480.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-1180x555.jpeg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-960x452.jpeg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-240x113.jpeg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-375x176.jpeg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching-520x245.jpeg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sahami-teaching.jpeg 1700w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford University computer science professor Mehran Sahami teaching a course. Courtesy: The Stanford Daily \u003ccite>(The Stanford Daily)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Together with political science professor Jeremy Weinstein, they’re creating a new computer science ethics course. It’s an idea they’ve talked about for years, but now feel they can’t put off any longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m tired of having engineers figure stuff out on our behalf,” Reich says. “Allowing ourselves to inhabit a world where engineers are increasingly deciding our future, without the engineers being aware of the ethical responsibilities and considerations of the very technologies they’re pioneering, is a world that I don’t think any of us wants to live in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The professors will be developing the curriculum for the class over the next few months. On this day they’re hashing out a unit about data collection and privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Research assistant Michael Dworsky gets them started with a case study. “Facebook has been using facial recognition for a while,” says the fourth-year student, who’s planning to take a job with the social media giant after he graduates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explains Facebook is developing technologies that can identify users by clothing, posture or gait; others allow advertisers to target people \u003ca href=\"https://patents.google.com/patent/US20150242679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">based on their facial expressions\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The professors start riffing about the different issues this brings up. Sahami points out that this case study raises questions about when \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/consumer-groups-file-ftc-complaint-against-facebook-1523025141\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">public information becomes private.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I’m at a supermarket and I’m in line to buy something, the people around me can see what I’m buying in that one basket and I probably don’t care,” Sahami says. “But if I just take that information now aggregated over my shopping lifetime, there is data that I probably would have a reasonable belief to be private.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Reich jumps in: “I’m imagining that part of my task in this section will be to remind students that privacy was a value worth caring about in the first place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sahami says this kind of interdisciplinary collaboration between computer science and other disciplines is rare. There have been CS ethics courses since he was a student at Stanford some 30 years ago, but he says the courses haven’t always kept pace with innovation. The courses usually focus on philosophy or public policy, with a touch of tech, or the engineering side of things with a hint of ethics. The professors hope this class bring the disciplines together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just want to push the boundaries of students’ thinking,” Sahami says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Students Rise Up\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Across campus, a handful of Stanford undergrads are sitting around a dorm lounge, thinking about all this, too. They meet a couple of times a month and try to figure out how to give computer science a moral compass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior Sawyer Birnbaum helped start the group. He explains that at Stanford, CS students are required to meet a “\u003ca href=\"https://ughb.stanford.edu/courses-and-planning/approved-courses/technology-society-courses-2017-18\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Technology in Society\u003c/a>” requirement, but it’s really broad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Probably by far the majority of CS students at Stanford go through their four years here without like really taking any classes that actually force them to think about ethical questions or engage in that kind of ethical analysis,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660982\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11660982 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-800x535.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-800x535.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-1020x682.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-1180x789.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-960x642.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-240x161.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-375x251.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751-520x348.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CS-ethics-discussion1-e1523321015751.jpg 1843w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Stanford students Sawyer Birnbaum, Andrew Lesh and Axelle Talma talk ethics and CS. \u003ccite>(Vanessa Rancaño/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The students float different ways to address that, including putting in place more stringent requirements and creating ethics courses tailored to specific fields within computer science, but they spend most of the time talking about the need for interdisciplinary instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Student Noah Arthurs says he became frustrated by what he saw as a trade-school mindset in his computer science classes. “They were so industry-oriented,” he says. “You’re just learning skills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the CS department lacked the kind of intellectual rigor he found in other departments. He came to see it as an extension of the tech industry, rather than an academic discipline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The professors will always tell you, ‘You’re learning the algorithm that Facebook uses to do facial recognition, or you’re learning the algorithm that Google uses to tell you search results,’ ” he says. “So it’s like there’s always this looming industry that everything is pointing you towards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biology majors can consider a career in bioethics, he points out, so why not a similar specialty for computer science students? He wants to see some option for CS students, aside from working as an engineer at one of the big Silicon Valley firms or launching a startup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Reich believes there’s support for interdisciplinary collaboration. He says the computer science faculty he knows don’t want Stanford University to become a technical university.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want the liberal arts tradition to remain at Stanford,” he says. “So as nearly 50 percent of the undergraduate body is majoring in computer science, the computer science faculty themselves want to ensure that (those students) have a broad education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new course takes a step in that direction, Reich says, but it’s only a piece of what’s needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes I dream of the possibility that we could develop an interdisciplinary major,” he says. Or at the least a concentration for people who are interested in the intersection of ethics, public policy and engineering, “rather than deciding that the engineers do what they do, the ethicists do what they do, and the public policy people can catch up to where the engineers are a decade from now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The professors are hoping to roll out the class in January. One title they’re considering? Practice Safe CS.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A graduate of Stanford Law School was one of seven members of the U.S. military killed aboard a helicopter that crashed in Iraq this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher \"Tripp\" Zanetis, who graduated from Stanford Law School in 2017, was serving with the New York Air National Guard when the helicopter he was on crashed near the Syrian border on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pentagon said the crash did not appear to be the result of enemy activity and is under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This tragedy reminds us of the risks our men and women face every day in service of our nations. We are thinking of the loved ones of these service members today,\" said U.S. Army Brig. Gen. Jonathan P. Braga, director of operations in the fight against the Islamic State extremist group in Iraq and Syria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He never went by Christopher,\" said Duncan Pickard, a former Stanford classmate and roommate of Zanetis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zanetis lived in New York before coming to California for law school. He attended New York University for his undergraduate education and joined the New York City Fire Department (FDNY) after the attacks of September 11, 2001. He had returned to New York to work in the litigation department of law firm \u003ca href=\"https://www.debevoise.com/trippzanetis?tab=biography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Debevoise & Plimpton\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11656474\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11656474\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Christopher-Zanetis.jpg\" alt='Christopher \"Tripp\" Zanetis was a Fire Marshall with FDNY.' width=\"400\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Christopher-Zanetis.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Christopher-Zanetis-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Christopher-Zanetis-240x300.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Christopher-Zanetis-375x469.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christopher \"Tripp\" Zanetis was a Fire Marshall with FDNY. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of FDNY)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"He was living three blocks from Ground Zero on September 11, 2001, and he volunteered at the towers’ site until midnight the day of the events,\" wrote Michelle Wilde Anderson, one of Zanetis' professors at Stanford, \u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/stanford-lawyer/articles/knock-elbows-tribute-tripp-zanetis/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in a tribute\u003c/a> to the graduate. \"One of few civilians who went towards the towers that night, he made himself useful to medical and rescue personnel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pickard says Zanetis' appreciation of working for New York City's fire department spilled over into international trips he took.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we would pass a municipal fire station in one of the cities we were visiting he would always want to go and talk to the firefighters,\" Pickard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zanetis had been on leave from his position as a fire marshall for FDNY when the crash happened. \u003ca href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/fdny/news/fa1918/fdny-the-line-duty-death-lieutenant-christopher-j-raguso-fire-marshal#/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Another member of FDNY\u003c/a> also died in the crash, Lt. Christopher Raguso. They were \"truly two of New York City's bravest,\" said New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He often talked about how it was a dream to be at Stanford. That he never thought that someone like him could get in,\" Pickard said. \"Which to me sounded ridiculous because he was one of the smartest and most accomplished in our class.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11656506\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11656506\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o.jpg\" alt='Christopher \"Tripp\" Zanetis speaks during a ceremony to honor Stanford Law School students and graduates who served in World War II. ' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christopher \"Tripp\" Zanetis speaks during a ceremony to honor Stanford Law School students and graduates who served in World War II. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Stanford Law School)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At Stanford, Zanetis was a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justsecurity.org/54054/remembering-tripp-zanetis/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">leader in the school's veterans and LGBT communities\u003c/a>, according to classmate Benjamin Haas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>For all three years he was in law school, he was involved in the annual SLS musical, a satirical show that always proves to be one of the most memorable events of the year. He produced it in 2016 and 2017, and as one of the stars in 2016, he gave a dazzling performance that left me in awe. Carson White, my classmate who worked closely with him as a fellow star and producer, fondly remembers his leadership and his creativity in crafting jokes for the script. \"Plus, he danced in heels so much better than I could have,” she said of the role Tripp played in drag. Anybody in attendance that year will never forget his enthusiasm and talent.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>While in California, Zanetis maintained his affiliation with the National Guard, spending weekends doing flight training or helping with rescue missions out into the Pacific with his unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson wrote that Zanetis, \"With hardwiring for public service, the sweet energy of a puppy, and a brilliant, curious mind, Tripp was making a life that would make a difference.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/974656757187440640\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, President Donald Trump offered his thoughts and prayers on Twitter for the families of service members killed, saying he was thinking of the \"brave troops,\" and adding that \"their sacrifice in service to our country will never be forgotten.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed reporting to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A graduate of Stanford Law School was one of seven members of the U.S. military killed aboard a helicopter that crashed in Iraq this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher \"Tripp\" Zanetis, who graduated from Stanford Law School in 2017, was serving with the New York Air National Guard when the helicopter he was on crashed near the Syrian border on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pentagon said the crash did not appear to be the result of enemy activity and is under investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This tragedy reminds us of the risks our men and women face every day in service of our nations. We are thinking of the loved ones of these service members today,\" said U.S. Army Brig. Gen. Jonathan P. Braga, director of operations in the fight against the Islamic State extremist group in Iraq and Syria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He never went by Christopher,\" said Duncan Pickard, a former Stanford classmate and roommate of Zanetis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zanetis lived in New York before coming to California for law school. He attended New York University for his undergraduate education and joined the New York City Fire Department (FDNY) after the attacks of September 11, 2001. He had returned to New York to work in the litigation department of law firm \u003ca href=\"https://www.debevoise.com/trippzanetis?tab=biography\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Debevoise & Plimpton\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11656474\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11656474\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Christopher-Zanetis.jpg\" alt='Christopher \"Tripp\" Zanetis was a Fire Marshall with FDNY.' width=\"400\" height=\"500\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Christopher-Zanetis.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Christopher-Zanetis-160x200.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Christopher-Zanetis-240x300.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Christopher-Zanetis-375x469.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christopher \"Tripp\" Zanetis was a Fire Marshall with FDNY. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of FDNY)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"He was living three blocks from Ground Zero on September 11, 2001, and he volunteered at the towers’ site until midnight the day of the events,\" wrote Michelle Wilde Anderson, one of Zanetis' professors at Stanford, \u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/stanford-lawyer/articles/knock-elbows-tribute-tripp-zanetis/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in a tribute\u003c/a> to the graduate. \"One of few civilians who went towards the towers that night, he made himself useful to medical and rescue personnel.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pickard says Zanetis' appreciation of working for New York City's fire department spilled over into international trips he took.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we would pass a municipal fire station in one of the cities we were visiting he would always want to go and talk to the firefighters,\" Pickard said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zanetis had been on leave from his position as a fire marshall for FDNY when the crash happened. \u003ca href=\"http://www1.nyc.gov/site/fdny/news/fa1918/fdny-the-line-duty-death-lieutenant-christopher-j-raguso-fire-marshal#/0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Another member of FDNY\u003c/a> also died in the crash, Lt. Christopher Raguso. They were \"truly two of New York City's bravest,\" said New York City Mayor Bill de Blasio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He often talked about how it was a dream to be at Stanford. That he never thought that someone like him could get in,\" Pickard said. \"Which to me sounded ridiculous because he was one of the smartest and most accomplished in our class.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11656506\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11656506\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o.jpg\" alt='Christopher \"Tripp\" Zanetis speaks during a ceremony to honor Stanford Law School students and graduates who served in World War II. ' width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/30760940545_65c0be9ae1_o-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christopher \"Tripp\" Zanetis speaks during a ceremony to honor Stanford Law School students and graduates who served in World War II. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Stanford Law School)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At Stanford, Zanetis was a \u003ca href=\"https://www.justsecurity.org/54054/remembering-tripp-zanetis/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">leader in the school's veterans and LGBT communities\u003c/a>, according to classmate Benjamin Haas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>For all three years he was in law school, he was involved in the annual SLS musical, a satirical show that always proves to be one of the most memorable events of the year. He produced it in 2016 and 2017, and as one of the stars in 2016, he gave a dazzling performance that left me in awe. Carson White, my classmate who worked closely with him as a fellow star and producer, fondly remembers his leadership and his creativity in crafting jokes for the script. \"Plus, he danced in heels so much better than I could have,” she said of the role Tripp played in drag. Anybody in attendance that year will never forget his enthusiasm and talent.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>While in California, Zanetis maintained his affiliation with the National Guard, spending weekends doing flight training or helping with rescue missions out into the Pacific with his unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson wrote that Zanetis, \"With hardwiring for public service, the sweet energy of a puppy, and a brilliant, curious mind, Tripp was making a life that would make a difference.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>On Friday, President Donald Trump offered his thoughts and prayers on Twitter for the families of service members killed, saying he was thinking of the \"brave troops,\" and adding that \"their sacrifice in service to our country will never be forgotten.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press contributed reporting to this story. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The union representing thousands of Bay Area health care workers is launching a signature-gathering campaign this week in four Bay Area cities with the goal of qualifying ballot initiatives that would force Stanford Health Care facilities to lower costs or invest more money in care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Service Employees International Union-United Healthcare Workers West has filed ballot measures for the November election in Palo Alto, Pleasanton, Redwood City and Livermore, all home to Stanford Health Care facilities. The union said a fifth measure in Emeryville has been challenged by the city in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measures are being billed as a way to control the costs of hospital visits, which can result in patients being charged widely different amounts for the same type of procedure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you actually pay for your care may be substantially lower or different,” said Gerald Kominski, director of the UCLA Center for Health Policy Research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot measures would create a formula that sets a baseline cost for each procedure. Stanford (or any other hospital in the cities) would have to refund patients for any cost more than 15 percent greater than the baseline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a bold measure on the part of the unions to basically force the hospitals to be more transparent about the relationship between their underlying actual costs and their billed prices,” Kominski added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a signature-gathering kickoff event in Palo Alto on Saturday, supporters of the measures said they want to make sure that Stanford is not simply hoarding its profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are workers who are saying, ‘Look, you’re making a huge amount of revenue. So where is that money going to help with patient care? Where is that money going for new technology? Are you reinvesting that?’ ” said San Mateo County Supervisor David Canepa. “What they’re clearly saying is, ‘Stanford, you’re not doing that right now.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way the ballot measures are written, however, does not guarantee that patients will be paying less at the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key to the measures is the baseline cost, defined as the sum of “the reasonable cost of direct patient care” and improvements to health care technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the heart of the controversy is who determines what’s reasonable,” said Kristof Stremikis, director of market analysis and insight with the California Health Care Foundation. “What goes into that calculation?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiatives would require the cities to implement and enforce the law on their local hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford Health Care declined a request for an interview, but said in a statement, “Local initiatives such as these would impose substantial and burdensome administrative and related costs for the cities affected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the ballot language, an investment in staff wages or training would drive up the “reasonable cost” baseline, thus allowing a hospital to raise prices on the consumer without reaching the 15 percent threshold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the measure say that they’d be pleased with either reduced costs or more investment in workers and technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel as a hospital worker, I’m also an advocate for the patients that we take care of. By bringing the costs down for the patients, we’re advocating for them,” said Linda Cornell, a union member and secretary at Stanford Hospital. “Also, trying to get the hospital to maybe hire more folks so that we do an adequate job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cornell said a lack of staffing is at the heart of the \u003ca href=\"https://paloaltoonline.com/news/2017/07/11/union-claims-high-infection-rates-in-stanford-hospital-dispute\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high infection rates\u003c/a> that union members say still exist at Stanford Medical Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEIU-UHW officials are confident that the measures will qualify for local ballots in the November election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It remains to be seen whether the union will push the initiatives all the way to Election Day. The SEIU has been criticized in the past for using the initiative process as a negotiating tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, a similar measure qualified for the statewide ballot, only to be \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/05/06/seiu-teams-up-with-california-hospitals-drops-ballot-initiatives/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">removed\u003c/a> when the union and the California Hospital Association reached an agreement.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a bold measure on the part of the unions to basically force the hospitals to be more transparent about the relationship between their underlying actual costs and their billed prices,” Kominski added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a signature-gathering kickoff event in Palo Alto on Saturday, supporters of the measures said they want to make sure that Stanford is not simply hoarding its profits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are workers who are saying, ‘Look, you’re making a huge amount of revenue. So where is that money going to help with patient care? Where is that money going for new technology? Are you reinvesting that?’ ” said San Mateo County Supervisor David Canepa. “What they’re clearly saying is, ‘Stanford, you’re not doing that right now.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way the ballot measures are written, however, does not guarantee that patients will be paying less at the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key to the measures is the baseline cost, defined as the sum of “the reasonable cost of direct patient care” and improvements to health care technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the heart of the controversy is who determines what’s reasonable,” said Kristof Stremikis, director of market analysis and insight with the California Health Care Foundation. “What goes into that calculation?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiatives would require the cities to implement and enforce the law on their local hospitals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford Health Care declined a request for an interview, but said in a statement, “Local initiatives such as these would impose substantial and burdensome administrative and related costs for the cities affected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the ballot language, an investment in staff wages or training would drive up the “reasonable cost” baseline, thus allowing a hospital to raise prices on the consumer without reaching the 15 percent threshold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supporters of the measure say that they’d be pleased with either reduced costs or more investment in workers and technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel as a hospital worker, I’m also an advocate for the patients that we take care of. By bringing the costs down for the patients, we’re advocating for them,” said Linda Cornell, a union member and secretary at Stanford Hospital. “Also, trying to get the hospital to maybe hire more folks so that we do an adequate job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cornell said a lack of staffing is at the heart of the \u003ca href=\"https://paloaltoonline.com/news/2017/07/11/union-claims-high-infection-rates-in-stanford-hospital-dispute\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">high infection rates\u003c/a> that union members say still exist at Stanford Medical Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEIU-UHW officials are confident that the measures will qualify for local ballots in the November election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It remains to be seen whether the union will push the initiatives all the way to Election Day. The SEIU has been criticized in the past for using the initiative process as a negotiating tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, a similar measure qualified for the statewide ballot, only to be \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/stateofhealth/2014/05/06/seiu-teams-up-with-california-hospitals-drops-ballot-initiatives/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">removed\u003c/a> when the union and the California Hospital Association reached an agreement.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How DACA Helped This Future Stanford Football Doctor",
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"content": "\u003cp>Roughly 800,000 people who were brought to the U.S. illegally as children have been able to study and work in the country legally because of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program -- or DACA. They are often described as \"coming out from the shadows.\" But in many cases, these undocumented kids were never in the shadows to begin with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timi Wusu -- everyone calls him Wusu -- has a huge personality. Last year on the day his daughter was born, he filmed a shot-for-shot remake of that opening scene from \"The Lion King,\" where they hold up the baby Simba and sing the \"Circle of Life.\" All the nurses and doctors were dancing along beneath his daughter. The video went viral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NAbkr3fa0M\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I grew up with Wusu in Palo Alto. We weren’t friends, but in high school he was the kind of standout guy everyone knew. He was the star of the football team and super smart. He went to Stanford, made the football team there and played briefly in the NFL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in 2008, Wusu was offered a deal to play football in Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He soon learned that wasn't an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I called my dad and said, 'Hey, I haven't ever seen my passport -- I'm sure it’s expired.' He said, 'Let me get back to you.' The next day we met up in person, and he let me know why I couldn't go. He basically said, 'If you leave the country you may not be able to come back.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because Wusu was born in Nigeria, not the Unites States, as his parents had led him to believe. They entered the country on a visitor visa when he was 3 and stayed illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn't until he was 23 that Wusu found out he was undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was a saving grace. Her name was Maria. She and Wusu met at Stanford and sparks flew. She went on to medical school in Chicago, and when Wusu visited on her birthday and proposed, she accepted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then at breakfast the next day, he told her he had some other news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So he said, ‘Remember how I thought I would go to Canada to play football?’ \" Maria Wusu recalls. \"He said, ‘Well it turns out I can't go to Canada. I can't leave the country because, guess what. I'm not a citizen.’ I was like, 'Are you marrying me for a green card?' And he said, ‘No that's the awesome thing. I decided I wanted to marry you, and then I found out that I wasn’t a citizen!’ which kind of goes with his positive outlook on everything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wusu joined Maria in medical school, and after they got married he applied for permanent status based on her citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 15, 2013, medical students across the country found out where they’d been accepted to do their residencies. Wusu was on his way to Harvard, and Maria would be across the Charles River at Boston University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then I remember the next morning waking up and there was some mail that we needed to go through. And there was a letter from USCIS -- immigration services,\" Maria says. \"We opened it and it said that our petition to file for citizenship had been denied. Wusu was now in the country illegally and he needed to leave the country immediately. And I remember reading that letter at the kitchen table, and just breaking down and crying and not knowing what to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because Wusu had represented himself as a U.S. citizen -- because he thought he was a U.S. citizen -- the government said he couldn't stay here legally, marriage or no marriage. For once in his life, it was hard to keep a positive attitude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's just been roadblocks at every stage,\" he says. \"It's like I couldn't have done anything better or tried to achieve more -- proven that this is my home, and that I'm here to work and be a positive contributor to society. And so you're like, 'OK, well like I guess America really doesn't want me.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was one last hope. The Obama administration had just implemented the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy. DACA allowed Wusu to complete medical school and start his residency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After President Trump was elected, Wusu decided to reapply for a green card. He hired a lawyer who represents people like him, who unknowingly claimed citizenship falsely. This summer, Wusu got his green card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wusu says getting his green card initially felt like a relief. But that relief soon turned to frustration that he'd had to jump through so many hoops to be allowed to continue his schooling and work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That kind of sucked,\" he says. \"Was that really necessary to make me feel completely unwelcome, when all I’ve been trying to do all this time is be a positive light in society?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a role reversal, this time it’s Maria who’s seeing the bright side -- that they could help other people with their story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We both graduated from Stanford,\" she says. \"We both have graduate degrees, have financial resources, and still there were so many barriers to the process. We've spent tens of thousands of dollars. We've misfiled our own paperwork. He's had a lapse in his work permit. So to us, at this point, it's almost unimaginable that people that haven't had all of the privileges that we've had could navigate this system with any chance of being successful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, the Wusus will be moving back to Palo Alto. He’s accepted a sports medicine fellowship at Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yeah, I'm coming back,\" he says. \"I’ll be taking care of the football team. It’s like a full circle.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or, you might say, the circle of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Liz Gannes is a reporter with our partner \u003ca href=\"https://60db.co/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">60db\u003c/a>, a personalized audio service and app.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Roughly 800,000 people who were brought to the U.S. illegally as children have been able to study and work in the country legally because of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program -- or DACA. They are often described as \"coming out from the shadows.\" But in many cases, these undocumented kids were never in the shadows to begin with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timi Wusu -- everyone calls him Wusu -- has a huge personality. Last year on the day his daughter was born, he filmed a shot-for-shot remake of that opening scene from \"The Lion King,\" where they hold up the baby Simba and sing the \"Circle of Life.\" All the nurses and doctors were dancing along beneath his daughter. The video went viral.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/9NAbkr3fa0M'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/9NAbkr3fa0M'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>I grew up with Wusu in Palo Alto. We weren’t friends, but in high school he was the kind of standout guy everyone knew. He was the star of the football team and super smart. He went to Stanford, made the football team there and played briefly in the NFL.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then in 2008, Wusu was offered a deal to play football in Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He soon learned that wasn't an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I called my dad and said, 'Hey, I haven't ever seen my passport -- I'm sure it’s expired.' He said, 'Let me get back to you.' The next day we met up in person, and he let me know why I couldn't go. He basically said, 'If you leave the country you may not be able to come back.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's because Wusu was born in Nigeria, not the Unites States, as his parents had led him to believe. They entered the country on a visitor visa when he was 3 and stayed illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It wasn't until he was 23 that Wusu found out he was undocumented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was a saving grace. Her name was Maria. She and Wusu met at Stanford and sparks flew. She went on to medical school in Chicago, and when Wusu visited on her birthday and proposed, she accepted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then at breakfast the next day, he told her he had some other news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So he said, ‘Remember how I thought I would go to Canada to play football?’ \" Maria Wusu recalls. \"He said, ‘Well it turns out I can't go to Canada. I can't leave the country because, guess what. I'm not a citizen.’ I was like, 'Are you marrying me for a green card?' And he said, ‘No that's the awesome thing. I decided I wanted to marry you, and then I found out that I wasn’t a citizen!’ which kind of goes with his positive outlook on everything.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wusu joined Maria in medical school, and after they got married he applied for permanent status based on her citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On March 15, 2013, medical students across the country found out where they’d been accepted to do their residencies. Wusu was on his way to Harvard, and Maria would be across the Charles River at Boston University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And then I remember the next morning waking up and there was some mail that we needed to go through. And there was a letter from USCIS -- immigration services,\" Maria says. \"We opened it and it said that our petition to file for citizenship had been denied. Wusu was now in the country illegally and he needed to leave the country immediately. And I remember reading that letter at the kitchen table, and just breaking down and crying and not knowing what to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because Wusu had represented himself as a U.S. citizen -- because he thought he was a U.S. citizen -- the government said he couldn't stay here legally, marriage or no marriage. For once in his life, it was hard to keep a positive attitude.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's just been roadblocks at every stage,\" he says. \"It's like I couldn't have done anything better or tried to achieve more -- proven that this is my home, and that I'm here to work and be a positive contributor to society. And so you're like, 'OK, well like I guess America really doesn't want me.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was one last hope. The Obama administration had just implemented the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy. DACA allowed Wusu to complete medical school and start his residency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After President Trump was elected, Wusu decided to reapply for a green card. He hired a lawyer who represents people like him, who unknowingly claimed citizenship falsely. This summer, Wusu got his green card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wusu says getting his green card initially felt like a relief. But that relief soon turned to frustration that he'd had to jump through so many hoops to be allowed to continue his schooling and work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That kind of sucked,\" he says. \"Was that really necessary to make me feel completely unwelcome, when all I’ve been trying to do all this time is be a positive light in society?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a role reversal, this time it’s Maria who’s seeing the bright side -- that they could help other people with their story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We both graduated from Stanford,\" she says. \"We both have graduate degrees, have financial resources, and still there were so many barriers to the process. We've spent tens of thousands of dollars. We've misfiled our own paperwork. He's had a lapse in his work permit. So to us, at this point, it's almost unimaginable that people that haven't had all of the privileges that we've had could navigate this system with any chance of being successful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next year, the Wusus will be moving back to Palo Alto. He’s accepted a sports medicine fellowship at Stanford.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yeah, I'm coming back,\" he says. \"I’ll be taking care of the football team. It’s like a full circle.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or, you might say, the circle of life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Liz Gannes is a reporter with our partner \u003ca href=\"https://60db.co/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">60db\u003c/a>, a personalized audio service and app.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A high-profile news report published this week has returned the national spotlight to frustrations over how sexual assaults on college campuses, in the Bay Area and nationwide, are handled by academic institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/29/sports/football/stanford-football-rape-accusation.html\" target=\"_blank\">New York Times'\u003c/a> new investigation released Thursday exposes a sexual assault charge on the campus of Stanford University and how multiple administrative panels left the accuser feeling abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National statistics show that is not an anomaly. More than one-in-five undergraduate women report being sexually assaulted during college, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ccsvsftr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a study\u003c/a> released by the Bureau of Justice Statistics in 2016. The majority of rape and sexual assault survivors said they were victimized by someone they knew. But the majority of those rapes or assaults go unreported. Only 7 percent of women who said they were raped reported the incident to a school official, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students are more likely to report sexual violence to their universities or colleges than to the police. But that's left institutions to strike a delicate balance between the legal right of the victim to have a safe campus, while maintaining a fair investigation for the accused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/29/sports/football/stanford-football-rape-accusation.html\" target=\"_blank\">New York Times \u003c/a>report, a Stanford sophomore, who is now 22, revealed she went to the room of a football player during a frat party one night. She says he raped her. He says they had consensual sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Seeking to avoid the trauma of a police investigation, the accuser turned to the university’s in-house disciplinary board, one of many on college campuses that adjudicate sexual assault cases, and it would decide whom to believe. If the panel had found that sexual assault had taken place, the man could have been expelled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both times, three of the five panelists — drawn from a pool of administrators, faculty members and students — concluded that the man, who remained on the football team throughout the case and is on the roster for a bowl game Friday, committed sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At many schools, this simple majority vote would have been enough to find the accused responsible. But Stanford had set an uncommonly high bar, requiring at least a 4-1 decision.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>This year, amid growing dissent over how it handles these kinds of cases, Stanford changed its procedure in a way that victims' rights advocates say favors the accused. It now requires a unanimous verdict from a three-member board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's unusual, Michele Dauber, a Stanford law professor and sexual assault survivor advocate, told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This makes Stanford a significant outlier among its peer schools\", she said. \"Only one other school has a three-person unanimous panel and that's Duke. The most commonly used form of the decision is a three-person panel and it's decided by a simple majority.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford officials insisted that the unanimous panel is fair, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/12/29/stanfords-new-process-on-sex-assault-cases-is-criticized-as-perpetrator-friendly/\" target=\"_blank\">in an interview with the Mercury News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“What Stanford supports overall is due process and we want to have a process that is fair and equitable for both the accuser and the accused,” Stanford spokeswoman Lisa Lapin said Thursday. She pointed out that under the review process, the panel uses a “preponderance of evidence” standard to decide a case, a lower legal bar than “beyond a reasonable doubt,” which is applied under U.S. law in criminal cases. So if lower threshold tends to favor the accuser, said Lapin, the unanimous vote essentially serves as a counterbalance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our process,” said Lapin, “is designed so that it provides due process for both parties.” She said of 16 cases reported so far this year, six went to the three-member panel, with three of the accused found to be responsible while the other three were not.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But Dauber told KQED that she finds the requirement for a unanimous verdict \"inherently unfair.\" Under this system, the accused needs only one vote in their favor to win the \"case.\" Whereas, the accuser needs all three panelists to agree to prevail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the alleged assault investigated by the New York Times, although the majority of the panelists agreed that an assault had taken place, no action was taken. The panelists first met in June 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The victim left Stanford and is deciding whether to return. The accused student remains enrolled at the university and is expected to be a member of the football team in the bowl game against North Carolina today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ongoing Title IX Investigations Into Stanford\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States Education Department interprets Title IX, a 1972 federal law mandating access to higher education regardless of gender, as requiring universities to investigate alleged sexual assaults. Universities have broad latitude to decide how they will conduct such investigations and rulings, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, under the Obama administration, the department has become more active in investigating and raising awareness about campus sexual assault. In 2011, the department's Office of Civil Rights urged administrators to use a preponderance of evidence, the legal standard in civil cases. This summer, the Office of Civil Rights was\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/09/stanford-tops-federal-list-with-5-sexual-violence-investigations/\" target=\"_blank\"> investigating Stanford for the handling of five cases\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the government lists five cases, they reflect four different incidents. In one of the matters, both the complaining student and the responding student filed concerns with OCR, an OCR communications officer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put the number of cases in context: The federal list includes 243 sexual violence cases at 192 postsecondary institutions as of June 1. Apart from Stanford, two other schools had four cases: Kansas State University and Saint Mary’s College of Maryland. Six other schools had three cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford reported 39 sexual assaults on and around campus in 2015, compared to 21 in 2010, according to data reported to the federal government. However, it is possible more victims are coming forward more often, the Times notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University panels have adjudicated 22 sexual assault cases, finding in 13 that the accuser acted improperly since 2010. Only one student has been expelled for sexual assault, the Times reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford's most high-profile sexual assault was tried off campus. On Jan. 17, 2015, Brock Turner, a star swimmer at Stanford, sexually assaulted an unconscious woman on campus. She called the police and pressed charges. Superior Court Judge Aaron Persky was widely criticized for imposing a six-month jail sentence rather than the six-year prison term that prosecutors had sought. Persky's short sentence -- along with his statement that \"a prison sentence would have a severe impact on [Turner]. I think he will not be a danger to others,\" and the victim's \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/katiejmbaker/heres-the-powerful-letter-the-stanford-victim-read-to-her-ra?utm_term=.mtVlb92jw#.gmgroaGqA\" target=\"_blank\">powerful letter\u003c/a> to her attacker -- fueled \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/06/481010919/california-rape-case-sentence-sparks-outrage\" target=\"_blank\">a nationwide debate\u003c/a> on how sexual assaults are handled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner was \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/02/brock-turner-released-from-jail-after-three-months/\" target=\"_blank\">released after serving three months\u003c/a> of his term in a county jail. Last week a panel \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/19/panel-finds-no-grounds-to-punish-judge-in-brock-turner-sex-assault-case/\" target=\"_blank\">found no grounds\u003c/a> to punish Persky for the sentence.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A high-profile news report published this week has returned the national spotlight to frustrations over how sexual assaults on college campuses, in the Bay Area and nationwide, are handled by academic institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/29/sports/football/stanford-football-rape-accusation.html\" target=\"_blank\">New York Times'\u003c/a> new investigation released Thursday exposes a sexual assault charge on the campus of Stanford University and how multiple administrative panels left the accuser feeling abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National statistics show that is not an anomaly. More than one-in-five undergraduate women report being sexually assaulted during college, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/ccsvsftr.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">a study\u003c/a> released by the Bureau of Justice Statistics in 2016. The majority of rape and sexual assault survivors said they were victimized by someone they knew. But the majority of those rapes or assaults go unreported. Only 7 percent of women who said they were raped reported the incident to a school official, according to the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Students are more likely to report sexual violence to their universities or colleges than to the police. But that's left institutions to strike a delicate balance between the legal right of the victim to have a safe campus, while maintaining a fair investigation for the accused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/29/sports/football/stanford-football-rape-accusation.html\" target=\"_blank\">New York Times \u003c/a>report, a Stanford sophomore, who is now 22, revealed she went to the room of a football player during a frat party one night. She says he raped her. He says they had consensual sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Seeking to avoid the trauma of a police investigation, the accuser turned to the university’s in-house disciplinary board, one of many on college campuses that adjudicate sexual assault cases, and it would decide whom to believe. If the panel had found that sexual assault had taken place, the man could have been expelled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both times, three of the five panelists — drawn from a pool of administrators, faculty members and students — concluded that the man, who remained on the football team throughout the case and is on the roster for a bowl game Friday, committed sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At many schools, this simple majority vote would have been enough to find the accused responsible. But Stanford had set an uncommonly high bar, requiring at least a 4-1 decision.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>This year, amid growing dissent over how it handles these kinds of cases, Stanford changed its procedure in a way that victims' rights advocates say favors the accused. It now requires a unanimous verdict from a three-member board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's unusual, Michele Dauber, a Stanford law professor and sexual assault survivor advocate, told KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This makes Stanford a significant outlier among its peer schools\", she said. \"Only one other school has a three-person unanimous panel and that's Duke. The most commonly used form of the decision is a three-person panel and it's decided by a simple majority.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford officials insisted that the unanimous panel is fair, \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/12/29/stanfords-new-process-on-sex-assault-cases-is-criticized-as-perpetrator-friendly/\" target=\"_blank\">in an interview with the Mercury News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“What Stanford supports overall is due process and we want to have a process that is fair and equitable for both the accuser and the accused,” Stanford spokeswoman Lisa Lapin said Thursday. She pointed out that under the review process, the panel uses a “preponderance of evidence” standard to decide a case, a lower legal bar than “beyond a reasonable doubt,” which is applied under U.S. law in criminal cases. So if lower threshold tends to favor the accuser, said Lapin, the unanimous vote essentially serves as a counterbalance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our process,” said Lapin, “is designed so that it provides due process for both parties.” She said of 16 cases reported so far this year, six went to the three-member panel, with three of the accused found to be responsible while the other three were not.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But Dauber told KQED that she finds the requirement for a unanimous verdict \"inherently unfair.\" Under this system, the accused needs only one vote in their favor to win the \"case.\" Whereas, the accuser needs all three panelists to agree to prevail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the alleged assault investigated by the New York Times, although the majority of the panelists agreed that an assault had taken place, no action was taken. The panelists first met in June 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The victim left Stanford and is deciding whether to return. The accused student remains enrolled at the university and is expected to be a member of the football team in the bowl game against North Carolina today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ongoing Title IX Investigations Into Stanford\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The United States Education Department interprets Title IX, a 1972 federal law mandating access to higher education regardless of gender, as requiring universities to investigate alleged sexual assaults. Universities have broad latitude to decide how they will conduct such investigations and rulings, though.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, under the Obama administration, the department has become more active in investigating and raising awareness about campus sexual assault. In 2011, the department's Office of Civil Rights urged administrators to use a preponderance of evidence, the legal standard in civil cases. This summer, the Office of Civil Rights was\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/09/stanford-tops-federal-list-with-5-sexual-violence-investigations/\" target=\"_blank\"> investigating Stanford for the handling of five cases\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the government lists five cases, they reflect four different incidents. In one of the matters, both the complaining student and the responding student filed concerns with OCR, an OCR communications officer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To put the number of cases in context: The federal list includes 243 sexual violence cases at 192 postsecondary institutions as of June 1. Apart from Stanford, two other schools had four cases: Kansas State University and Saint Mary’s College of Maryland. Six other schools had three cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford reported 39 sexual assaults on and around campus in 2015, compared to 21 in 2010, according to data reported to the federal government. However, it is possible more victims are coming forward more often, the Times notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>University panels have adjudicated 22 sexual assault cases, finding in 13 that the accuser acted improperly since 2010. Only one student has been expelled for sexual assault, the Times reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford's most high-profile sexual assault was tried off campus. On Jan. 17, 2015, Brock Turner, a star swimmer at Stanford, sexually assaulted an unconscious woman on campus. She called the police and pressed charges. Superior Court Judge Aaron Persky was widely criticized for imposing a six-month jail sentence rather than the six-year prison term that prosecutors had sought. Persky's short sentence -- along with his statement that \"a prison sentence would have a severe impact on [Turner]. I think he will not be a danger to others,\" and the victim's \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/katiejmbaker/heres-the-powerful-letter-the-stanford-victim-read-to-her-ra?utm_term=.mtVlb92jw#.gmgroaGqA\" target=\"_blank\">powerful letter\u003c/a> to her attacker -- fueled \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/06/481010919/california-rape-case-sentence-sparks-outrage\" target=\"_blank\">a nationwide debate\u003c/a> on how sexual assaults are handled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner was \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/02/brock-turner-released-from-jail-after-three-months/\" target=\"_blank\">released after serving three months\u003c/a> of his term in a county jail. Last week a panel \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/19/panel-finds-no-grounds-to-punish-judge-in-brock-turner-sex-assault-case/\" target=\"_blank\">found no grounds\u003c/a> to punish Persky for the sentence.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The state agency that oversees judicial discipline in the state ruled Monday that a Santa Clara County judge committed no misconduct when he sentenced former Stanford University swimmer Brock Turner to six months in jail for sexually assaulting a young woman on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Commission on Judicial Performance said it found no evidence that Superior Court Judge Aaron Persky displayed bias in handing down a sentence decried as too lenient by critics across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The commission has concluded that there is not clear and convincing evidence of bias, abuse of authority, or other basis to conclude that Judge Persky engaged in judicial misconduct warranting discipline,\" the 11-member panel concluded in its unsigned ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission said it received thousands of complaints and petitions regarding Persky and the sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The petitions included complaints that Persky \"displayed gender bias and failed to take sexual assault of women seriously\" and showed favoritism to Turner because the judge was a former Stanford athlete as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner, 21, was released from jail in September after serving three months. He will be on probation for three years in his native Ohio and is a registered sex offender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Persky is the target of a recall campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner was convicted of assaulting the woman near a trash bin after they drank heavily at a fraternity party. The woman had passed out and Turner was on top of her when confronted by two graduate students passing by on bicycles. They chased and tackled him when he tried to flee, holding him on the ground until police arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A jury in March found Turner guilty of three felony sexual assault counts. Persky sentenced him to six months in jail, citing the \"extraordinary circumstances\" of Turner's youth, clean criminal record and other considerations in departing from the minimum sentence of two years in prison. Prosecutors had argued for six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner's case exploded on social media and ignited a debate about campus rape and the criminal justice system after the victim's 7,200-word letter that she read in the courtroom during sentencing was published online.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The state agency that oversees judicial discipline in the state ruled Monday that a Santa Clara County judge committed no misconduct when he sentenced former Stanford University swimmer Brock Turner to six months in jail for sexually assaulting a young woman on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Commission on Judicial Performance said it found no evidence that Superior Court Judge Aaron Persky displayed bias in handing down a sentence decried as too lenient by critics across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The commission has concluded that there is not clear and convincing evidence of bias, abuse of authority, or other basis to conclude that Judge Persky engaged in judicial misconduct warranting discipline,\" the 11-member panel concluded in its unsigned ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission said it received thousands of complaints and petitions regarding Persky and the sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The petitions included complaints that Persky \"displayed gender bias and failed to take sexual assault of women seriously\" and showed favoritism to Turner because the judge was a former Stanford athlete as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner, 21, was released from jail in September after serving three months. He will be on probation for three years in his native Ohio and is a registered sex offender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Persky is the target of a recall campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner was convicted of assaulting the woman near a trash bin after they drank heavily at a fraternity party. The woman had passed out and Turner was on top of her when confronted by two graduate students passing by on bicycles. They chased and tackled him when he tried to flee, holding him on the ground until police arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A jury in March found Turner guilty of three felony sexual assault counts. Persky sentenced him to six months in jail, citing the \"extraordinary circumstances\" of Turner's youth, clean criminal record and other considerations in departing from the minimum sentence of two years in prison. Prosecutors had argued for six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner's case exploded on social media and ignited a debate about campus rape and the criminal justice system after the victim's 7,200-word letter that she read in the courtroom during sentencing was published online.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Jerry Brown OKs Sex Crime Bill Tied to Stanford Rape Case",
"title": "Jerry Brown OKs Sex Crime Bill Tied to Stanford Rape Case",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown said Friday that he signed two bills that emerged amid national outrage over the six-month jail sentence given to a former Stanford University swimmer who \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/07/sentence-in-stanford-sexual-assault-case-sparks-outrage/\">sexually assaulted\u003c/a> a woman passed out near a trash bin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic governor approved requiring sentences to be served in state prison for defendants convicted of assaulting unconscious victims instead of the jail sentence like the one Brock Turner received in June and served in a county jail before\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/02/brock-turner-released-from-jail-after-three-months/\"> obtaining early release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/285507991\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner's case burst into the spotlight after a poignant statement from the victim swept through social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians and law enforcement officials have lined up alongside sexual assault survivors to criticize Turner's sentence, back a recall effort against the judge and urge Brown to sign the tougher sentencing legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 21-year-old one-time Olympic hopeful was released from the Santa Clara County jail in September after serving three months for good behavior. He will be on probation for three years in his native Ohio for crimes that carried a maximum penalty of 14 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said in a signing message that he usually opposes adding more mandatory minimum sentences. But he said he signed the sentencing bill \"because I believe it brings a measure of parity to sentencing for criminal acts that are substantially similar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside jail after Turner's release, county Sheriff Laurie Smith said she believed his sentence was too light and urged Brown to sign the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Letting felons convicted of such crimes get off with probation discourages other survivors from coming forward and sends the message that raping incapacitated victims is no big deal,\" Democratic Assemblyman Bill Dodd of Napa said in a statement after lawmakers approved his bill in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more than two dozen groups dedicated to ending campus sexual assaults urged Brown to veto it, fearing that the punishment would more likely be applied to minority and lower-income defendants than white offenders like Turner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahroh Jahangiri, executive director of Know Your IX, a national organization representing survivors, said mandatory minimum sentences also could deter victims from pressing charges against their attackers, who are often people they know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"pyiwJr3rN5Yn4B2kFRA3KmgcL5ucM7dP\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown also signed another bill permitting sexual assault victims to say in court that they were raped, even if the attack doesn't meet the technical definition under California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State law defines rape as non-consensual intercourse between a man and a woman, leaving out other forms of sexual assault, including Turner's 2015 attack on the woman he met at a fraternity party. He was convicted of three sexual assault felonies, including digital penetration of an unconscious woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rape definition that came under fire in the Turner case leaves Brown in an awkward position as he promotes a November ballot initiative that would allow earlier release of prisoners as a way to control overcrowding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 57 would allow earlier parole consideration for nonviolent inmates, but the legal definition of a violent felony includes just 23 crimes, such as murder, kidnapping and forcible rapes and sexual assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner's crimes were considered nonviolent under California law because he assaulted an intoxicated or unconscious person who could not resist, so he didn't have to use force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All sexual assaults are a violent offense. There is no such thing as a nonviolent sexual assault,\" said Stanford law professor Michele Dauber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dauber is a friend of the woman Turner assaulted and is leading a campaign to recall Santa Clara County Superior Court Judge Aaron Persky for departing from the usual minimum sentence in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill passed without a dissenting vote, though Democratic Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia of Bell Gardens scaled back her initial proposal to expand the definition of rape. Prosecutors were concerned the original version would prevent them from filing multiple charges against perpetrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sexual penetration without consent is rape. It is never invited, wanted or warranted. Rape is rape, period,\" Garcia said in statement. \"When we fail to call rape 'rape, we rob survivors and their families of the justice they deserve.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Don Thompson \u003c/br>Associated Press\u003c/strong> ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown said Friday that he signed two bills that emerged amid national outrage over the six-month jail sentence given to a former Stanford University swimmer who \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/07/sentence-in-stanford-sexual-assault-case-sparks-outrage/\">sexually assaulted\u003c/a> a woman passed out near a trash bin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic governor approved requiring sentences to be served in state prison for defendants convicted of assaulting unconscious victims instead of the jail sentence like the one Brock Turner received in June and served in a county jail before\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/02/brock-turner-released-from-jail-after-three-months/\"> obtaining early release\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/285507991&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/285507991'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner's case burst into the spotlight after a poignant statement from the victim swept through social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Politicians and law enforcement officials have lined up alongside sexual assault survivors to criticize Turner's sentence, back a recall effort against the judge and urge Brown to sign the tougher sentencing legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 21-year-old one-time Olympic hopeful was released from the Santa Clara County jail in September after serving three months for good behavior. He will be on probation for three years in his native Ohio for crimes that carried a maximum penalty of 14 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said in a signing message that he usually opposes adding more mandatory minimum sentences. But he said he signed the sentencing bill \"because I believe it brings a measure of parity to sentencing for criminal acts that are substantially similar.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Outside jail after Turner's release, county Sheriff Laurie Smith said she believed his sentence was too light and urged Brown to sign the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Letting felons convicted of such crimes get off with probation discourages other survivors from coming forward and sends the message that raping incapacitated victims is no big deal,\" Democratic Assemblyman Bill Dodd of Napa said in a statement after lawmakers approved his bill in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But more than two dozen groups dedicated to ending campus sexual assaults urged Brown to veto it, fearing that the punishment would more likely be applied to minority and lower-income defendants than white offenders like Turner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahroh Jahangiri, executive director of Know Your IX, a national organization representing survivors, said mandatory minimum sentences also could deter victims from pressing charges against their attackers, who are often people they know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown also signed another bill permitting sexual assault victims to say in court that they were raped, even if the attack doesn't meet the technical definition under California law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State law defines rape as non-consensual intercourse between a man and a woman, leaving out other forms of sexual assault, including Turner's 2015 attack on the woman he met at a fraternity party. He was convicted of three sexual assault felonies, including digital penetration of an unconscious woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rape definition that came under fire in the Turner case leaves Brown in an awkward position as he promotes a November ballot initiative that would allow earlier release of prisoners as a way to control overcrowding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 57 would allow earlier parole consideration for nonviolent inmates, but the legal definition of a violent felony includes just 23 crimes, such as murder, kidnapping and forcible rapes and sexual assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner's crimes were considered nonviolent under California law because he assaulted an intoxicated or unconscious person who could not resist, so he didn't have to use force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All sexual assaults are a violent offense. There is no such thing as a nonviolent sexual assault,\" said Stanford law professor Michele Dauber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dauber is a friend of the woman Turner assaulted and is leading a campaign to recall Santa Clara County Superior Court Judge Aaron Persky for departing from the usual minimum sentence in the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill passed without a dissenting vote, though Democratic Assemblywoman Cristina Garcia of Bell Gardens scaled back her initial proposal to expand the definition of rape. Prosecutors were concerned the original version would prevent them from filing multiple charges against perpetrators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sexual penetration without consent is rape. It is never invited, wanted or warranted. Rape is rape, period,\" Garcia said in statement. \"When we fail to call rape 'rape, we rob survivors and their families of the justice they deserve.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Brock Turner, Back in Ohio After Release, Registers as Sex Offender",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>XENIA, Ohio — A former Stanford University student whose six-month jail sentence for sexually assaulting an unconscious woman sparked a national outcry registered as a sex offender on Tuesday in Ohio, where he's living with his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brock Turner registered at the Greene County Sheriff's Office four days after \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/02/brock-turner-released-from-jail-after-three-months/\" target=\"_blank\">he was released\u003c/a> from the Santa Clara County jail after serving half his term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner's mother tried to shield him from media cameras as \u003ca href=\"#turnerform\">he registered\u003c/a> under his family's Dayton-area address in Sugarcreek Township, where about a dozen people had protested Friday as police watched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff Gene Fischer said Turner is being treated the same as any other sex offender under his office's supervision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner, 21, must register as a sex offender for life, checking in every three months, and he faces three years of supervised probation. Deputies will check on him without warning to make sure he hasn't moved without permission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police took a complaint Monday about cars passing in front of Turner's home and pictures being taken, according to copies of incident reports associated with the Turners' address. The Associated Press obtained the records through a public records request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another report indicates an officer checking on the home Monday night found several broken eggs and an egg carton on the sidewalk and driveway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner was convicted of assaulting the woman near a trash bin after they drank heavily at a fraternity party in January 2015. The woman passed out, and Turner was on top of her when confronted by two graduate students passing by on bicycles. The graduate students chased and tackled him when he tried to flee, holding him on the ground until police arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A jury convicted Turner of sexual assault. Santa Clara County Judge Aaron Persky sentenced him to six months in jail, citing the \"extraordinary circumstances\" of his youth, clean criminal record and other considerations in departing from the minimum sentence of two years in prison. Prosecutors had argued for six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner reportedly plans to appeal his conviction on three counts of sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His case \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/06/481010919/california-rape-case-sentence-sparks-outrage\" target=\"_blank\">ignited a debate\u003c/a> about campus rape and the criminal justice system after a letter the accuser read at his sentencing was published online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The furor grew after letters surfaced from Turner's family and friends urging the judge to be lenient. Turner's father lamented that his son's life was ruined by \"20 minutes of action,\" and his grandparents complained that \"Brock is the only person being held accountable for the actions of other irresponsible adults.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 12px auto 6px auto;font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: normal\">\u003ca style=\"text-decoration: underline\" title=\"Brock Turner Sex Offender Form\" href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/323268847/Brock-Turner-Sex-Offender-Form#from_embed\">Brock Turner Sex Offender Form\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/323268847/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-YRFpqJendHjyuhBFnLlA&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7642069550466497\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_52712\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>XENIA, Ohio — A former Stanford University student whose six-month jail sentence for sexually assaulting an unconscious woman sparked a national outcry registered as a sex offender on Tuesday in Ohio, where he's living with his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brock Turner registered at the Greene County Sheriff's Office four days after \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/09/02/brock-turner-released-from-jail-after-three-months/\" target=\"_blank\">he was released\u003c/a> from the Santa Clara County jail after serving half his term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner's mother tried to shield him from media cameras as \u003ca href=\"#turnerform\">he registered\u003c/a> under his family's Dayton-area address in Sugarcreek Township, where about a dozen people had protested Friday as police watched.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheriff Gene Fischer said Turner is being treated the same as any other sex offender under his office's supervision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner, 21, must register as a sex offender for life, checking in every three months, and he faces three years of supervised probation. Deputies will check on him without warning to make sure he hasn't moved without permission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police took a complaint Monday about cars passing in front of Turner's home and pictures being taken, according to copies of incident reports associated with the Turners' address. The Associated Press obtained the records through a public records request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another report indicates an officer checking on the home Monday night found several broken eggs and an egg carton on the sidewalk and driveway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner was convicted of assaulting the woman near a trash bin after they drank heavily at a fraternity party in January 2015. The woman passed out, and Turner was on top of her when confronted by two graduate students passing by on bicycles. The graduate students chased and tackled him when he tried to flee, holding him on the ground until police arrived.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A jury convicted Turner of sexual assault. Santa Clara County Judge Aaron Persky sentenced him to six months in jail, citing the \"extraordinary circumstances\" of his youth, clean criminal record and other considerations in departing from the minimum sentence of two years in prison. Prosecutors had argued for six years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner reportedly plans to appeal his conviction on three counts of sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His case \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/06/06/481010919/california-rape-case-sentence-sparks-outrage\" target=\"_blank\">ignited a debate\u003c/a> about campus rape and the criminal justice system after a letter the accuser read at his sentencing was published online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The furor grew after letters surfaced from Turner's family and friends urging the judge to be lenient. Turner's father lamented that his son's life was ruined by \"20 minutes of action,\" and his grandparents complained that \"Brock is the only person being held accountable for the actions of other irresponsible adults.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"margin: 12px auto 6px auto;font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font-style: normal;font-variant: normal;font-weight: normal;font-size: 14px;line-height: normal\">\u003ca style=\"text-decoration: underline\" title=\"Brock Turner Sex Offender Form\" href=\"https://www.scribd.com/document/323268847/Brock-Turner-Sex-Offender-Form#from_embed\">Brock Turner Sex Offender Form\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/323268847/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-YRFpqJendHjyuhBFnLlA&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7642069550466497\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_52712\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Brock Turner walked out the front door of Santa Clara County Main Jail in San Jose shortly after 6 a.m. Friday after serving half of a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/07/sentence-in-stanford-sexual-assault-case-sparks-outrage/\">controversial six-month sentence\u003c/a> for sexually assaulting an unconscious woman on Stanford University's campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's gone. We're done with him. He belongs in prison,\" said Santa Clara County Sheriff Laurie Smith after Turner, separated by barricades and sheriff's deputies, walked a gauntlet of media and protesters to a waiting white SUV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner was later intercepted by news crews as he entered a hotel with his parents. He said nothing as a reporter asked if he wanted to apologize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandra Pfeiffer was one of a small number of demonstrators who watched Turner leave jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Other people get locked away for a very long time. Why did he get out after 90 days?\" asked Pfeiffer, who said she is a rape survivor. \"Why? Why? It doesn't make sense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More demonstrators gathered later Friday morning across the street from the jail outside the Santa Clara Hall of Justice. Many held signs calling for the recall of Santa Clara County Superior Court Judge Aaron Persky, who has been widely criticized for handing down the six-month jail sentence on three counts of sexual assault. Turner faced a maximum of 14 years in state prison, and prosecutors had asked for a six-year sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This sentence also sent a dangerous message,\" said Michele Dauber, a Stanford law professor who is leading a campaign to place a recall measure for Persky on the November 2017 ballot. \"To victims of sexual violence it sent the message, 'Don’t bother to call the police because you will not get justice.' And to potential perpetrators it sent the message, 'Don’t worry the courts will have your back.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An online petition calling for Perksy's removal from the bench has more than 1.3 million signatures. Last week, Persky \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/26/judge-aaron-persky-brock-turner-case/\">asked to be reassigned to civil court\u003c/a>, and earlier this week, he launched \u003ca href=\"http://www.mv-voice.com/news/2016/08/31/brock-turner-judge-launches-anti-recall-campaign\">his own campaign against his recall\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Turner was set free, Smith told the large media contingent waiting outside the jail that the former Stanford student would receive \"no special treatment\" in his release. Smith also made clear her support for \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB2888\">AB 2888\u003c/a>, a bill passed by the state Legislature this week that would bar judges from granting probation in sexual assault cases where the victim was unconscious or intoxicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As the sheriff of Santa Clara County and a mother, I believe that the interests of justice are best served by ensuring that sexual predators are sent to prison as punishment for their crime,\" Smith wrote in an open letter to Gov. Jerry Brown encouraging him to sign the bill into law. \"Victims of these types of sexual assaults struggle for years to cope with the damage done to their lives, and knowing that there is a more just punishment to those that perpetrated these assaults may provide some solace to these victims.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/wmckdc/status/771719395294978048\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Smith also confirmed that Turner received hate mail while in protective custody at Elmwood Jail in Milpitas and the Main Jail in San Jose. She didn't say whether those messages included death threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case became national news after Turner's victim delivered a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/da/newsroom/newsreleases/Documents/B-Turner%20VIS.pdf\">12-page, single-spaced letter\u003c/a> to Turner at his sentencing in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The probation officer’s recommendation of a year or less in county jail is a soft timeout, a mockery of the seriousness of his assaults, an insult to me and all women,\" she wrote. \"It gives the message that a stranger can be inside you without proper consent and he will receive less than what has been defined as the minimum sentence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner had met his victim during a fraternity party at Stanford in January 2015. He was apprehended after passers-by saw him assaulting the unconscious woman behind a trash bin on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner is expected to return home to Ohio following his release, where he will serve three years of probation and be required to register as a sex offender.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Brock Turner walked out the front door of Santa Clara County Main Jail in San Jose shortly after 6 a.m. Friday after serving half of a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/06/07/sentence-in-stanford-sexual-assault-case-sparks-outrage/\">controversial six-month sentence\u003c/a> for sexually assaulting an unconscious woman on Stanford University's campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He's gone. We're done with him. He belongs in prison,\" said Santa Clara County Sheriff Laurie Smith after Turner, separated by barricades and sheriff's deputies, walked a gauntlet of media and protesters to a waiting white SUV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner was later intercepted by news crews as he entered a hotel with his parents. He said nothing as a reporter asked if he wanted to apologize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandra Pfeiffer was one of a small number of demonstrators who watched Turner leave jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Other people get locked away for a very long time. Why did he get out after 90 days?\" asked Pfeiffer, who said she is a rape survivor. \"Why? Why? It doesn't make sense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More demonstrators gathered later Friday morning across the street from the jail outside the Santa Clara Hall of Justice. Many held signs calling for the recall of Santa Clara County Superior Court Judge Aaron Persky, who has been widely criticized for handing down the six-month jail sentence on three counts of sexual assault. Turner faced a maximum of 14 years in state prison, and prosecutors had asked for a six-year sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This sentence also sent a dangerous message,\" said Michele Dauber, a Stanford law professor who is leading a campaign to place a recall measure for Persky on the November 2017 ballot. \"To victims of sexual violence it sent the message, 'Don’t bother to call the police because you will not get justice.' And to potential perpetrators it sent the message, 'Don’t worry the courts will have your back.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An online petition calling for Perksy's removal from the bench has more than 1.3 million signatures. Last week, Persky \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/26/judge-aaron-persky-brock-turner-case/\">asked to be reassigned to civil court\u003c/a>, and earlier this week, he launched \u003ca href=\"http://www.mv-voice.com/news/2016/08/31/brock-turner-judge-launches-anti-recall-campaign\">his own campaign against his recall\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Turner was set free, Smith told the large media contingent waiting outside the jail that the former Stanford student would receive \"no special treatment\" in his release. Smith also made clear her support for \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB2888\">AB 2888\u003c/a>, a bill passed by the state Legislature this week that would bar judges from granting probation in sexual assault cases where the victim was unconscious or intoxicated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As the sheriff of Santa Clara County and a mother, I believe that the interests of justice are best served by ensuring that sexual predators are sent to prison as punishment for their crime,\" Smith wrote in an open letter to Gov. Jerry Brown encouraging him to sign the bill into law. \"Victims of these types of sexual assaults struggle for years to cope with the damage done to their lives, and knowing that there is a more just punishment to those that perpetrated these assaults may provide some solace to these victims.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Smith also confirmed that Turner received hate mail while in protective custody at Elmwood Jail in Milpitas and the Main Jail in San Jose. She didn't say whether those messages included death threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case became national news after Turner's victim delivered a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/da/newsroom/newsreleases/Documents/B-Turner%20VIS.pdf\">12-page, single-spaced letter\u003c/a> to Turner at his sentencing in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The probation officer’s recommendation of a year or less in county jail is a soft timeout, a mockery of the seriousness of his assaults, an insult to me and all women,\" she wrote. \"It gives the message that a stranger can be inside you without proper consent and he will receive less than what has been defined as the minimum sentence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner had met his victim during a fraternity party at Stanford in January 2015. He was apprehended after passers-by saw him assaulting the unconscious woman behind a trash bin on campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Turner is expected to return home to Ohio following his release, where he will serve three years of probation and be required to register as a sex offender.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
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"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
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