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"content": "\u003cp>A dozen Central Americans in T-shirts that read \u003cem>Mujeres Luchadores \u003c/em>— Fighting Women — marched through a small Texas town last month toward the gates of an imposing private detention center where they all used to be incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Biden, hear us! Shut down Hutto!” they chanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re referring to T. Don Hutto Residential Center, the former state prison in Taylor — just northeast of Austin — named after the founder of the private prison company that holds the contract with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These corporations are profiting off of our suffering,” former Guatemalan detainee Sulma Franco says into a bullhorn. “We want all the cages shut down now!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demonstrations like this are part of a growing grassroots resistance to privately run immigrant jails across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://immigrantjustice.org/sites/default/files/content-type/research-item/documents/2020-04/Justice-Free%20Zones_Immigrant_Detention_Report_ACLU-HRW-NIJC_April-2020.pdf\">The Trump administration dramatically expanded the detention network\u003c/a> — often over local objections — and private prison companies were riding high. Under Trump, ICE detained a record 56,000 migrants, asserting they had to be locked up or they would abscond once they lost their immigration cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the political winds have shifted. These days, privately run immigrant jails are facing mounting public opposition, state legislatures are considering measures to shut them down, and the prison industry has fallen out of favor with the new administration in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Phasing out private prisons\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>President Biden has instructed the Justice Department to phase out private prisons that incarcerate federal offenders, ordered ICE to arrest fewer immigrants and signaled an interest in alternatives to immigrant detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents to detention for profit believe migrants who have committed no crime and who came to the U.S. seeking asylum should not be incarcerated while their cases are pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics also say private operators prioritize profits over the well-being of detainees. Former President Donald Trump’s separation of families, which led to mothers being locked up in facilities like Hutto, further inflamed opponents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, major banks have stopped lending to the two publicly traded prison companies, \u003ca href=\"https://www.corecivic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CoreCivic\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.geogroup.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GEO Group\u003c/a>. And last month, Wall Street further lowered their bond ratings, citing large debt repayments and hostile operating conditions under the new Biden administration. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Mark Fleming, National Immigrant Justice Center\"]‘The private prison companies are certainly facing some headwinds here. They are definitely increasingly unpopular in the public sphere.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to counter the souring public mood, the four largest prison companies, including GEO and CoreCivic, formed a trade group called \u003ca href=\"https://day1alliance.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Day 1 Alliance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been a multitude of misinformation out there, and so I really wouldn’t look to public sentiment for that because there are so many mistruths out there about the industry,” says Alexandra Wilkes, national spokeswoman for the alliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mark Fleming, associate director of litigation at the National Immigrant Justice Center, which works against the industry, says: “The private prison companies are certainly facing some headwinds here. They are definitely increasingly unpopular in the public sphere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Finding ways to keep doing business\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Hutto, which opened in 2006, was troubled from the beginning. There was a successful ACLU lawsuit over substandard living conditions, and later, allegations of sexual assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Taylor, as in many places that have private prisons, the locality acts as a middleman between ICE and the detention company, so there is a forum for public complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Williamson County, where Taylor is located, immigrant advocates asked the commissioners to sever the contract with Hutto. And in 2018, they got their way when the commissioners voted to wind down the contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the celebration was only temporary. Last year, ICE and CoreCivic — the company that runs Hutto — signed a 10-year contract that bypasses Williamson County and public opposition altogether. Hutto stayed open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison companies “have found ways to keep doing business,” Fleming says. “They have proven over the years that they are resourceful and resilient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As elected bodies in prison towns are becoming more responsive to angry citizens, ICE has increasingly relied on this workaround — the agency contracts directly with a prison operator and avoids messy public meetings. ICE says it has to have a place to detain deportable immigrants, about one-third of whom have criminal charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same thing happened on an even larger scale in California. Two weeks before a sweeping state law that would have phased out for-profit detention went into effect last year, ICE quietly \u003ca href=\"https://www.desertsun.com/story/news/2019/12/20/ice-signs-long-term-contracts-private-detention-centers-two-weeks-ahead-state-law/2713910001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">signed long-term contracts \u003c/a>with three companies to keep their facilities open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE also tried this tactic in Ionia, Michigan, but now the outcome is uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, the agency announced its intention to open a 600-bed detention facility in that town between Grand Rapids and Lansing. \u003ca href=\"https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2020/06/07/ice-proposes-new-immigration-prison-ionia-michigan/3123925001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">But local opposition quickly formed\u003c/a>, the governor came out against it and even the all-GOP Ionia County Board of Commissioners gave it a thumbs down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We took that as really good news that the proposal was shut down so quickly,” says J.R. Martin, with No Detention Centers in Michigan. “We learned that pretty much as soon as that decision had been made, ICE was working on whatever they could do to go around it and to find some other way of establishing a new facility in that area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE sidestepped the naysayers and began the process to contract directly with a detention company to build a brand-new, 150,000-square-foot jail in Ionia.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A lot has changed\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But since then, a lot has changed. The population of ICE detainees has plunged from a peak of more than 56,000 to about 15,000 today because of concerns over COVID-19 contagion in living quarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Vitiello, acting ICE director for 10 months in 2018 and 2019, said there’s no longer a need to expand detention after the release of detainees because of the pandemic and because many migrants are still turned back at the border under a Trump-era health order. Vitiello also noted Democrats now control Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no need for an increase in bed space. They don’t need more detention space for more adult immigrants who are getting expelled under Title 42,” he said. “Congress isn’t about to add money for ICE detention — not with this crowd. I just don’t see it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contract in Ionia has apparently gone cold. A spokesman for Immigration Centers of America, the company interested in the Ionia contract, tells NPR that ICE has stopped moving forward with all three detention contracts the company was pursing — in Michigan, Illinois and Maryland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE has confirmed that it \u003ca href=\"https://chicago.suntimes.com/2020/8/11/21364132/chicago-immigration-deportation-dwight-facility-contract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dropped its plans to build a new detention facility near Chicago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is happening at a time when hostility to for-profit immigrant jails is swelling. California, Illinois and Nevada have all taken steps to restrict the business of privately operated jails. Now, New Jersey, New Mexico, Washington state and Maryland \u003ca href=\"https://www.detentionwatchnetwork.org/pressroom/releases/2021/local-communities-advance-state-legislation-reduce-immigration-detention\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">are considering doing the same.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More and more the movement has begun to see that shutting down immigration detention centers was a key part of stopping the deportation machine,” says Silky Shah, executive director of Detention Watch Network. [aside tag=\"ice, immigration\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about growing public and political opposition, an ICE spokesperson responded in an email that “cooperation by local officials and the community at large is an indispensable component of promoting public safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the stalled contracts announced under Trump to expand the detention network, the spokesperson said: “ICE is continually reviewing its detention requirements and exploring options that will afford the agency the operational flexibility needed to house the full range of individuals that may be in the agency’s custody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilkes, the spokeswoman for the industry alliance, says that conditions inside contracted lockups are not as terrible as detainees say and that the facilities are cheaper than government-run jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would also challenge activists to come up with a solution other than contractor-operated facilities,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry depends on contracts with ICE, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/01/982815269/beyond-the-border-fewer-immigrants-being-locked-up-but-ice-still-pays-for-empty-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guarantees it will pay for a minimum\u003c/a> of about 29,000 beds in the system regardless of how many detainees are filling them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Immigrant+Detention+For+Profit+Faces+Resistance+After+Big+Expansion+Under+Trump&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A dozen Central Americans in T-shirts that read \u003cem>Mujeres Luchadores \u003c/em>— Fighting Women — marched through a small Texas town last month toward the gates of an imposing private detention center where they all used to be incarcerated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Biden, hear us! Shut down Hutto!” they chanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re referring to T. Don Hutto Residential Center, the former state prison in Taylor — just northeast of Austin — named after the founder of the private prison company that holds the contract with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These corporations are profiting off of our suffering,” former Guatemalan detainee Sulma Franco says into a bullhorn. “We want all the cages shut down now!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Demonstrations like this are part of a growing grassroots resistance to privately run immigrant jails across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://immigrantjustice.org/sites/default/files/content-type/research-item/documents/2020-04/Justice-Free%20Zones_Immigrant_Detention_Report_ACLU-HRW-NIJC_April-2020.pdf\">The Trump administration dramatically expanded the detention network\u003c/a> — often over local objections — and private prison companies were riding high. Under Trump, ICE detained a record 56,000 migrants, asserting they had to be locked up or they would abscond once they lost their immigration cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the political winds have shifted. These days, privately run immigrant jails are facing mounting public opposition, state legislatures are considering measures to shut them down, and the prison industry has fallen out of favor with the new administration in Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Phasing out private prisons\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>President Biden has instructed the Justice Department to phase out private prisons that incarcerate federal offenders, ordered ICE to arrest fewer immigrants and signaled an interest in alternatives to immigrant detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents to detention for profit believe migrants who have committed no crime and who came to the U.S. seeking asylum should not be incarcerated while their cases are pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics also say private operators prioritize profits over the well-being of detainees. Former President Donald Trump’s separation of families, which led to mothers being locked up in facilities like Hutto, further inflamed opponents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, major banks have stopped lending to the two publicly traded prison companies, \u003ca href=\"https://www.corecivic.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">CoreCivic\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.geogroup.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">GEO Group\u003c/a>. And last month, Wall Street further lowered their bond ratings, citing large debt repayments and hostile operating conditions under the new Biden administration. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘The private prison companies are certainly facing some headwinds here. They are definitely increasingly unpopular in the public sphere.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To try to counter the souring public mood, the four largest prison companies, including GEO and CoreCivic, formed a trade group called \u003ca href=\"https://day1alliance.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Day 1 Alliance\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s been a multitude of misinformation out there, and so I really wouldn’t look to public sentiment for that because there are so many mistruths out there about the industry,” says Alexandra Wilkes, national spokeswoman for the alliance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Mark Fleming, associate director of litigation at the National Immigrant Justice Center, which works against the industry, says: “The private prison companies are certainly facing some headwinds here. They are definitely increasingly unpopular in the public sphere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Finding ways to keep doing business\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Hutto, which opened in 2006, was troubled from the beginning. There was a successful ACLU lawsuit over substandard living conditions, and later, allegations of sexual assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Taylor, as in many places that have private prisons, the locality acts as a middleman between ICE and the detention company, so there is a forum for public complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Williamson County, where Taylor is located, immigrant advocates asked the commissioners to sever the contract with Hutto. And in 2018, they got their way when the commissioners voted to wind down the contract.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the celebration was only temporary. Last year, ICE and CoreCivic — the company that runs Hutto — signed a 10-year contract that bypasses Williamson County and public opposition altogether. Hutto stayed open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prison companies “have found ways to keep doing business,” Fleming says. “They have proven over the years that they are resourceful and resilient.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As elected bodies in prison towns are becoming more responsive to angry citizens, ICE has increasingly relied on this workaround — the agency contracts directly with a prison operator and avoids messy public meetings. ICE says it has to have a place to detain deportable immigrants, about one-third of whom have criminal charges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The same thing happened on an even larger scale in California. Two weeks before a sweeping state law that would have phased out for-profit detention went into effect last year, ICE quietly \u003ca href=\"https://www.desertsun.com/story/news/2019/12/20/ice-signs-long-term-contracts-private-detention-centers-two-weeks-ahead-state-law/2713910001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">signed long-term contracts \u003c/a>with three companies to keep their facilities open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE also tried this tactic in Ionia, Michigan, but now the outcome is uncertain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2019, the agency announced its intention to open a 600-bed detention facility in that town between Grand Rapids and Lansing. \u003ca href=\"https://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2020/06/07/ice-proposes-new-immigration-prison-ionia-michigan/3123925001/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">But local opposition quickly formed\u003c/a>, the governor came out against it and even the all-GOP Ionia County Board of Commissioners gave it a thumbs down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We took that as really good news that the proposal was shut down so quickly,” says J.R. Martin, with No Detention Centers in Michigan. “We learned that pretty much as soon as that decision had been made, ICE was working on whatever they could do to go around it and to find some other way of establishing a new facility in that area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE sidestepped the naysayers and began the process to contract directly with a detention company to build a brand-new, 150,000-square-foot jail in Ionia.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>A lot has changed\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>But since then, a lot has changed. The population of ICE detainees has plunged from a peak of more than 56,000 to about 15,000 today because of concerns over COVID-19 contagion in living quarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ron Vitiello, acting ICE director for 10 months in 2018 and 2019, said there’s no longer a need to expand detention after the release of detainees because of the pandemic and because many migrants are still turned back at the border under a Trump-era health order. Vitiello also noted Democrats now control Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no need for an increase in bed space. They don’t need more detention space for more adult immigrants who are getting expelled under Title 42,” he said. “Congress isn’t about to add money for ICE detention — not with this crowd. I just don’t see it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contract in Ionia has apparently gone cold. A spokesman for Immigration Centers of America, the company interested in the Ionia contract, tells NPR that ICE has stopped moving forward with all three detention contracts the company was pursing — in Michigan, Illinois and Maryland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE has confirmed that it \u003ca href=\"https://chicago.suntimes.com/2020/8/11/21364132/chicago-immigration-deportation-dwight-facility-contract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dropped its plans to build a new detention facility near Chicago\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is happening at a time when hostility to for-profit immigrant jails is swelling. California, Illinois and Nevada have all taken steps to restrict the business of privately operated jails. Now, New Jersey, New Mexico, Washington state and Maryland \u003ca href=\"https://www.detentionwatchnetwork.org/pressroom/releases/2021/local-communities-advance-state-legislation-reduce-immigration-detention\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">are considering doing the same.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More and more the movement has begun to see that shutting down immigration detention centers was a key part of stopping the deportation machine,” says Silky Shah, executive director of Detention Watch Network. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about growing public and political opposition, an ICE spokesperson responded in an email that “cooperation by local officials and the community at large is an indispensable component of promoting public safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the stalled contracts announced under Trump to expand the detention network, the spokesperson said: “ICE is continually reviewing its detention requirements and exploring options that will afford the agency the operational flexibility needed to house the full range of individuals that may be in the agency’s custody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilkes, the spokeswoman for the industry alliance, says that conditions inside contracted lockups are not as terrible as detainees say and that the facilities are cheaper than government-run jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would also challenge activists to come up with a solution other than contractor-operated facilities,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The industry depends on contracts with ICE, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/01/982815269/beyond-the-border-fewer-immigrants-being-locked-up-but-ice-still-pays-for-empty-\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">guarantees it will pay for a minimum\u003c/a> of about 29,000 beds in the system regardless of how many detainees are filling them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Immigrant+Detention+For+Profit+Faces+Resistance+After+Big+Expansion+Under+Trump&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Immigrant advocates are pushing state officials to increase outreach at facilities where U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detainees are being held, to combat distrust over the COVID-19 vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Immigrants inside were saying, 'Hey, they're offering us a vaccine, but we have no information. We have no idea what it's about, if there are any side effects,' \" said Edwin Carmona-Cruz, director of community engagement at the California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice, a coalition of pro-bono legal service providers that offer support to immigrants in detention facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While federal, state and local officials have engaged in a public outreach campaign for months to ensure that residents are aware of the facts about the vaccine, advocates say similar efforts have not been made within detention facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Joaquin Arambula, state Assemblymember, D-Fresno\"]'Individuals in detention harbor serious fears and mistrust towards detention operators, and as a result may not feel safe accepting vaccines from these operators.'[/pullquote]And even when information is provided by ICE — or the subcontractors that run their facilities — there is often widespread distrust. There have been \u003ca href=\"https://news.usc.edu/180906/covid-19-suicide-and-substandard-medical-care-driving-high-rate-of-death-among-ice-detainees/\">numerous reports\u003c/a> of the substandard health care provided at ICE facilities, and advocates say detainees may be skeptical of what immigration officials are telling them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Individuals in detention harbor serious fears and mistrust toward detention operators, and as a result may not feel safe accepting vaccines from these operators,\" said state Assemblymember Joaquin Arambula, D-Fresno, at a press conference on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given these serious challenges around trust towards detention operators, it is clear that the public health officials and the community can play a vital role with respect to how vaccinations and information are presented and shared with individuals inside these facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arambula has introduced \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB263\">Assembly Bill 263\u003c/a>, which would \"require a private detention facility operator to comply with, and adhere to, all local and state public health orders and occupational safety and health regulations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no trust — and there's mistrust — in both ICE and for-profit prison operators like GEO Group and Core Civic,\" Carmona-Cruz said. \"How are they going to believe that the information that they're giving to them is true when ... the medical care and medical negligence that happens in these facilities runs rampant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11856995\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Herrera-1020x771.jpg\"]After hearing these concerns from detainees, Carmona-Cruz and others took on another approach. For three weeks, they've operated a hotline — staffed by health care professionals — that people in ICE detention could call to get any of their questions answered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the program has only been in place at a few facilities: the Yuba County Jail, Golden State Annex and the Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility. But advocates say it's the state's responsibility to expand these efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Daniel Turner-Lloveras, a physician at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, is one of the health care providers who's been staffing these calls. He says a systematic approach is needed to address \"medical mistrust\" in detention facilities, since any infection hot spots will \"contribute to the spread of COVID-19.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We must try our best to counteract this misinformation by educating our patients in a way that they're going to understand, in a cultural and linguistically appropriate, patient-centered fashion,\" Turner-Lloveras said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, a spokesperson for CoreCivic — which runs the Otay Mesa Detention Center in San Diego — said it has \"rigorously followed the guidance of local, state and federal health authorities, as well as our government partners.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Management & Training Corporation, which operates the Imperial Regional Detention Facility in Calexico, said it is providing the vaccine to \"all detainees who have expressed their desire to be vaccinated,\" and is providing informational sessions and documents about the vaccine in English, Spanish and other languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Jackie Gonzalez, policy director of Immigrant Defense Advocates\"]'Report after report came out that the federal government and the state government essentially played a game of hot potato.'[/pullquote]In a statement, ICE said it is \"firmly committed to the health and welfare of all those in its custody.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in immigration detention facilities became eligible for the vaccine back in March. Advocates said there were \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11857822/advocates-fear-immigrant-detainees-could-be-left-out-of-vaccination-plans\">months of back and forth\u003c/a> over who was responsible for providing the vaccine — the state or the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Report after report came out that the federal government and the state government essentially played a game of hot potato,\" said Jackie Gonzalez, policy director of Immigrant Defense Advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This caused widespread concerns among advocates that detainees would be left out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"mesa-verde\" label=\"more coverage\"]Eventually, on March 11, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11864820/ice-detainees-in-california-now-eligible-for-covid-19-vaccine\">state officials opted to include the immigrant detention centers\u003c/a> in their March 15 rollout of the vaccine — since they are considered to be in high-risk congregate care facilities. This meant that the state would provide vaccine doses for detainees to county health departments, who would in turn provide them to detention centers to administer to the people held there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, Carmona-Cruz said, California should recognize that vaccinating people in detention will ultimately help the state achieve its goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Immigrants in detention are also our neighbors, our friends, our family members, [they're] residents of the state. And they're also contributing to the success of how the state does. So we definitely need to consider and characterize it that way,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April 12, 777 people in ICE detention in California have contracted the coronavirus since the pandemic started.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Immigrant advocates are pushing state officials to increase outreach at facilities where U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detainees are being held, to combat distrust over the COVID-19 vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Immigrants inside were saying, 'Hey, they're offering us a vaccine, but we have no information. We have no idea what it's about, if there are any side effects,' \" said Edwin Carmona-Cruz, director of community engagement at the California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice, a coalition of pro-bono legal service providers that offer support to immigrants in detention facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While federal, state and local officials have engaged in a public outreach campaign for months to ensure that residents are aware of the facts about the vaccine, advocates say similar efforts have not been made within detention facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>And even when information is provided by ICE — or the subcontractors that run their facilities — there is often widespread distrust. There have been \u003ca href=\"https://news.usc.edu/180906/covid-19-suicide-and-substandard-medical-care-driving-high-rate-of-death-among-ice-detainees/\">numerous reports\u003c/a> of the substandard health care provided at ICE facilities, and advocates say detainees may be skeptical of what immigration officials are telling them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Individuals in detention harbor serious fears and mistrust toward detention operators, and as a result may not feel safe accepting vaccines from these operators,\" said state Assemblymember Joaquin Arambula, D-Fresno, at a press conference on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given these serious challenges around trust towards detention operators, it is clear that the public health officials and the community can play a vital role with respect to how vaccinations and information are presented and shared with individuals inside these facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arambula has introduced \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB263\">Assembly Bill 263\u003c/a>, which would \"require a private detention facility operator to comply with, and adhere to, all local and state public health orders and occupational safety and health regulations.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is no trust — and there's mistrust — in both ICE and for-profit prison operators like GEO Group and Core Civic,\" Carmona-Cruz said. \"How are they going to believe that the information that they're giving to them is true when ... the medical care and medical negligence that happens in these facilities runs rampant.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>After hearing these concerns from detainees, Carmona-Cruz and others took on another approach. For three weeks, they've operated a hotline — staffed by health care professionals — that people in ICE detention could call to get any of their questions answered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, the program has only been in place at a few facilities: the Yuba County Jail, Golden State Annex and the Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility. But advocates say it's the state's responsibility to expand these efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Daniel Turner-Lloveras, a physician at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, is one of the health care providers who's been staffing these calls. He says a systematic approach is needed to address \"medical mistrust\" in detention facilities, since any infection hot spots will \"contribute to the spread of COVID-19.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We must try our best to counteract this misinformation by educating our patients in a way that they're going to understand, in a cultural and linguistically appropriate, patient-centered fashion,\" Turner-Lloveras said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, a spokesperson for CoreCivic — which runs the Otay Mesa Detention Center in San Diego — said it has \"rigorously followed the guidance of local, state and federal health authorities, as well as our government partners.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Management & Training Corporation, which operates the Imperial Regional Detention Facility in Calexico, said it is providing the vaccine to \"all detainees who have expressed their desire to be vaccinated,\" and is providing informational sessions and documents about the vaccine in English, Spanish and other languages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In a statement, ICE said it is \"firmly committed to the health and welfare of all those in its custody.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People in immigration detention facilities became eligible for the vaccine back in March. Advocates said there were \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11857822/advocates-fear-immigrant-detainees-could-be-left-out-of-vaccination-plans\">months of back and forth\u003c/a> over who was responsible for providing the vaccine — the state or the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Report after report came out that the federal government and the state government essentially played a game of hot potato,\" said Jackie Gonzalez, policy director of Immigrant Defense Advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This caused widespread concerns among advocates that detainees would be left out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Eventually, on March 11, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11864820/ice-detainees-in-california-now-eligible-for-covid-19-vaccine\">state officials opted to include the immigrant detention centers\u003c/a> in their March 15 rollout of the vaccine — since they are considered to be in high-risk congregate care facilities. This meant that the state would provide vaccine doses for detainees to county health departments, who would in turn provide them to detention centers to administer to the people held there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, Carmona-Cruz said, California should recognize that vaccinating people in detention will ultimately help the state achieve its goals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Immigrants in detention are also our neighbors, our friends, our family members, [they're] residents of the state. And they're also contributing to the success of how the state does. So we definitely need to consider and characterize it that way,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of April 12, 777 people in ICE detention in California have contracted the coronavirus since the pandemic started.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "a-butterfly-with-my-wings-cut-off-a-transgender-asylum-seekers-quest-to-come-to-california",
"title": "‘A Butterfly With My Wings Cut Off’: A Transgender Asylum Seeker’s Quest to Come to California",
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"headTitle": "‘A Butterfly With My Wings Cut Off’: A Transgender Asylum Seeker’s Quest to Come to California | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11852044/una-mariposa-con-las-alas-rotas-la-busqueda-de-una-solicitante-de-asilo-transgenera-para-llegar-a-california\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Since \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a> first aired this documentary in December 2020, dozens of listeners reached out to help Luna Guzmán with messages of encouragement and support. In May, 2021, Luna was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11876583/living-my-dream-after-years-transgender-asylum-seeker-finally-makes-it-to-the-us\">finally able to make it to the US\u003c/a>, where she is now waiting for another chance to go before an immigration judge and ask for protection.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]W[/dropcap]hen she turned 15, like so many girls in her town in Guatemala, Luna Guzmán celebrated with a quinceañera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My friend lent me the dress because she saw the way I used to cry every time we passed the dress shop on the way to school, with all those beautiful dresses,” she said in Spanish. “I would just press my hand up against the glass and stare at them for a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dress she borrowed was turquoise, with a long skirt. She took off her tennies, put on heels and a tiara, and danced with her friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a cake, bottles of champagne and chambelanes, boys who dressed up in suits to escort her into the secret party at a friend’s house. No one was there from Luna’s family, because they couldn’t fathom her as a transgender girl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Luna Guzmán\"]‘The teacher would always ask my mom, ‘Listen, can’t you change your son? Can you take him to a psychologist? A psychiatrist? It’s making my school look bad.’[/pullquote]Moments from that birthday party still linger in Luna’s memory as a time when she truly felt delight and freedom. It was something to be savored again and again as the next decade began to unfold, even as she put back on her soccer jerseys and tried to look like the boy she knew she wasn’t inside. Even as she dealt with brutal violence and decided to take a tremendous risk and leave everything behind in Guatemala to try to find a life in California. The memories were one place in the world where she could imagine being safe, being herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We first met Luna two years ago at a migrant shelter in Tijuana and have stayed in touch with her as she’s journeyed across the border, spent months in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention, and sought shelter in Mexico. We’ve spent weeks frantically trying to reach her in an intensive care unit, after she left a voice message that she had been diagnosed with a severe case of COVID-19. “Thank you for telling my story,” she rasped through labored breaths, her voice barely recognizable. “If I die, I hope that one day people will remember something about me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-aYksXNNUA\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Can’t You Change Your Son?’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Luna grew up on the outskirts of a small city in Central Guatemala, in a house cobbled together from sticks and newspaper. Her mom sold french fries from a cart, and Luna helped care for her three siblings, including a brother with developmental disabilities. Her dad wasn’t part of her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she was a voracious reader, spending hours in the town library. At school she would play dress up with the other girls. Luna would transform into a butterfly, her wings made from pieces of cardboard she scavenged on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The teacher would always ask my mom, ‘Listen, can’t you change your son? Can you take him to a psychologist? A psychiatrist? It’s making my school look bad,’ ” she recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna said her mom defended her at first. When she came out as gay at age 14, her mom gave a toast with some agua de jamaica. But as Luna got older, she said her mom disapproved of the dresses and the heels. Her son, dressing like a woman? For her, that went against nature. So Luna put back on the soccer jerseys and shorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hurtful things she said to me, I understand them better now,” said Luna. “She just wanted to protect me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849344\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11849344\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán has spent most of her life fighting to be accepted as a transgender woman. She said she has often experienced brutal violence when she expresses her true gender identity as a woman.\" width=\"800\" height=\"613\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1536x1177.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2.jpg 1856w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán has spent most of her life fighting to be accepted as a transgender woman. She said she has often experienced brutal violence when she expresses her true gender identity as a woman. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>October 2007\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Luna was 13, just on the cusp of adolescence, she said she was raped by an older man who was a neighbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would ask, why me? Tell me — if anyone is up there — explain it to me,” she sighed. “I still haven’t gotten an answer to this day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after, Luna said she was trafficked into prostitution. Some powerful men in her town forced her into a trafficking ring. The clients? Older men who would pay hundreds of U.S. dollars to sleep with young boys and transgender girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-guatemala-humantrafficking/guatemala-closes-its-eyes-to-rampant-child-sex-trafficking-u-n-idUSKCN0YU29V\">Sex trafficking is rampant in Guatemala\u003c/a>, and the United Nations has denounced the shocking number of children forced into trafficking rings because of poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was no one to help. The traffickers, Luna said, had connections with the police and top public officials in town. “If anyone tried to denounce them or file a complaint, they’d throw it in the trash,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the kids trafficked in the ring, she said, were infected with sexually transmitted diseases. When she was 16, Luna said she found out she was HIV-positive. Harassment from people in town, who had already thrown rocks at her and told her to stay away from their children, intensified. Once, she remembered, some people beat her up so badly they broke her collarbone, telling her they wanted her to behave like a “real man.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My town is so small, there was no information about sexual orientation or HIV,” Luna said. “No information about anything. It’s so close-minded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she turned 19, she said, she was still occasionally forced into sex work. But as she reached adulthood, she started to take some small steps to wrest back control of her life. She signed up for a training course to become a volunteer firefighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849342\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11849342\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán worked as a fire fighter in her home town. She said she left the department after experiencing harassment and homophobic threats.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán worked as a firefighter in her hometown. She said she left the department after experiencing harassment and homophobic threats. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 2014\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna graduated from the firefighting program. She felt powerful rescuing people from car accidents and hosing down burning buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, she said, the other firefighters found out she was HIV-positive, and began taunting her with homophobic slurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She dreamed about a way out and set her sights on California. She’d seen videos of San Francisco’s massive pride parade. She knew in California she couldn’t be fired or evicted for being transgender, would have the right to get an ID in the name she wants to use, and use the restroom that matches her gender identity. She also hoped it was a place where she could earn enough money to pay for her transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>January 2017 \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna left her family, the fire department, the neighbors, the pimps. She was 22 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She leaped onto that famous train migrants call \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/06/05/318905712/riding-the-beast-across-mexico-to-the-u-s-border\">La Bestia\u003c/a>, or “the beast,” which travels north from Mexico’s southern border. She didn’t wear dresses on the journey. As she’s done for most of her life, she kept her hair short and wore men’s T-shirts and shorts, for safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849343\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 694px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11849343\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán rides a train heading from Guatemala through Mexico in 2017. She traveled with several other LGBTQ migrants and said that at one point they were attacked by men armed with machetes. \" width=\"694\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg 694w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán rides a train heading from Guatemala through Mexico in 2017. She traveled with several other LGBTQ migrants and said that at one point they were attacked by men armed with machetes. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>Crossing the Border But Not Finding Safety \u003c/strong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>August 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Luna reached the U.S.-Mexico border crossing at Otay Mesa near San Diego, she told an officer she was running away from homophobic violence in Guatemala and was requesting asylum. But her hopes that she would feel protected as soon as she crossed into the U.S. vanished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They took me into some offices. About 30 minutes later, they arrested me. Put chains on my hands, my feet, my waist,” she recalled. “They treat you like a criminal, just for asking for help. It feels horrible, like you’re nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border officials don’t decide on asylum requests — that happens later — but they are responsible for the transfer of detainees to ICE custody, where they’ll eventually speak with an asylum officer. However, border officials didn’t check the box on Luna’s intake form indicating that she identified as LGBT, nor the box indicating that she could be at increased risk of sexual abuse in detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846822\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846822\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png\" alt=\"U.S. Customs and Border Patrol “Detainee Assessment” form dated Aug. 9, 2017. Although Luna Guzmán clearly told officials she feared homophobic violence, they did not check the box noting that she identified as LGBTQ. \" width=\"800\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-1020x624.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-160x98.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot.png 1428w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Customs and Border Protection ‘Detainee Assessment’ form dated Aug. 9, 2017. Although Luna Guzmán clearly told officials she feared homophobic violence, they did not check the box noting that she identified as LGBTQ. \u003ccite>(Solicitud de información bajo la Ley por la Libertad de la Información)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s where things started to go wrong for her. ICE eventually assigned Luna a bed in a crowded men’s unit at the Otay Mesa Detention Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten days after she arrived at the border asking for help, an asylum officer with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services conducted a “credible fear” interview. That’s when Luna told her she also dressed as a woman at times. The officer found her story credible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, a transgender Latina organization based near Los Angeles called \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/LasCrisantemas/?ref=page_internal\">Las Crisantemas\u003c/a> sent a letter of support to the immigration court identifying Luna as a trans woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Luna was never moved to a special detention unit for transgender women, despite the fact that in 2015 ICE had agreed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/ice-issues-new-guidance-care-transgender-individuals-custody\">improve standards for transgender detainees\u003c/a>, including access to separate detention units away from the general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Luna Guzmán\"]‘They treat you like a criminal, just for asking for help. It feels horrible, like you’re nothing.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They did not put her into the protective custody that is required by their own standards,” said Allegra Love, an attorney with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.santafedreamersproject.org/transdetention\">Santa Fe Dreamers Project\u003c/a>, which has represented hundreds of transgender women in detention over the last few years. She was never Luna’s lawyer, but we asked her to review Luna’s case after KQED sued ICE to obtain her immigration records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone expresses to them, ‘Hey, look, I am trans, I have gender dysphoria. I am not the gender you think I am,’ then the government has this responsibility acknowledged by their own hand to take that seriously and protect people from heightened danger,” said Love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Luna would spend months in the men’s unit before her asylum case could be fully heard — months when she said she was repeatedly harassed and belittled by the other detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846829\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846829\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Layers of security fencing at Otay Mesa immigration Detention Facility just east of San Diego, where Luna Guzmán was held for eight months while waiting to present her asylum claim.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Layers of security fencing at Otay Mesa Detention Center just east of San Diego, where Luna Guzmán was held for eight months while waiting to present her asylum claim. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Backlogged Immigration Court, Long Months in Detention\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna appeared before immigration Judge Olga Attia, appointed to the immigration court in 2017 by former Attorney General Jeff Sessions. Luna was assigned an interpreter, but no lawyer. If she had wanted one, she would have had to find and pay for one herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the audio recordings of her hearings at the immigration court, Luna told the judge she was worried about being detained for so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t always get the medicine I need for my chronic condition [HIV],” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, I don’t have jurisdiction over such matters,” Attia told her. “You need to bring this to the attention of the detention officers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>January 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna was in detention for five months before she was able to officially present her asylum application to Judge Attia. Then the judge informed her there were no available appointments to hear the merits of her case for another five months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>February 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After six months in detention, Luna was eligible to get out on bond. ICE attorneys didn’t object as she had no criminal history. The judge set the bond at $4,500, but like many asylum seekers, she had no way to pay that kind of money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna pleaded with the judge. “It’s hurting me, psychologically,” she said. “I’ve never been locked up, your honor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unable to tolerate being in detention in a men’s unit any longer, Luna did something she never expected to do. She gave up on her asylum case and asked to be deported right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been eight months since I was detained at the detention center, your honor,” she said through an interpreter. “I feel alone. I don’t have the words to explain to you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as Attia accepted the withdrawal of Luna’s asylum application, it wasn’t clear that the judge understood that Luna was transgender. Even after the interpreter explained that Luna was referring to herself in the feminine pronoun, Attia kept calling Luna “sir.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can only imagine the loss of hope that someone experiences when they’re fleeing a country where the reason their life is in danger is because their institutions refuse to acknowledge who they are,” said Love, the attorney who has represented dozens of transgender detainees from Central America. “Then to arrive with a hopeful feeling in a place where they think they are going to have a different treatment, and then to have law enforcement officers and judges — officers of the court — immediately reject them as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if Luna had decided to stay in detention and pursue her asylum claim, the odds were against her, especially without a lawyer. During the last year of the Obama administration, 55% of all asylum applications were denied. Under the Trump administration, those numbers jumped to a record high of 72% in 2020, according to data from \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/whatsnew/email.201028.html\">Syracuse University’s TRAC project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For asylum seekers from Guatemala, the rate is even higher: 85.8% of those applications are denied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the plane ICE chartered to transport Luna and other detainees back to Guatemala, she recalled, she had a panic attack, shaking so badly she could barely walk onto the tarmac when she landed in Guatemala City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she went to stay with her sister, who had married an evangelical Christian. After a few days, however, she said her sister gave her some money and asked her to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have a home with me as a sister,” Luna remembered her saying. “Only as a brother.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna had left Guatemala and had gradually made her way back to the U.S.-Mexico border, hoping to find her way to California again. We met Luna while she was staying at \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CasadelMigranteTijuana/\">Casa del Migrante\u003c/a>, a migrant shelter in Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Luna Guzmán\"]‘I am a transgender woman. I’m not going to live dressed as a boy my whole life. One day soon I want everyone who knows me to say, “Luna made it. She fought for her dreams and they came true.”‘[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she was trying to make it as a dishwasher in a restaurant where the owner kept making homophobic comments. She was also scrambling to find a clinic to get her HIV medication without a Mexican ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The soles of her tennis shoes were wearing thin, and she was wearing a soccer jersey, her hair buzzed short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am a transgender woman. I’m not going to live dressed as a boy my whole life,” Luna told us. “One day soon I want everyone who knows me to say, ‘Luna made it. She fought for her dreams and they came true.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846832\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846832\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán stands in front of a mural in Tijuana. As a child, she often dressed up as a butterfly. In detention, she said she felt like a “butterfly with its wings cut off.”\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán stands in front of a mural in Tijuana. As a child, she often dressed up as a butterfly. In detention, she said she felt like a “butterfly with its wings cut off.” \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>January 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month later, Luna messaged via WhatsApp to say she knew her dream of coming to California was probably over, because she had given up her asylum case the year before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, a few weeks later, she sent a video of herself standing someplace windy, with the border wall far behind her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look!” she exclaimed. “I crossed! I’ll see you in San Francisco, by the Golden Gate bridge, for a coffee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the WhatsApp feed went quiet for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>February 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, we got a collect call from Otay Mesa Detention Center. Over the scratchy phone line, Luna said she was in the same cell and the same bed where she had stayed the year before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like a butterfly who’s had her wings cut off,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘I’ve Been a Prisoner in My Own Body, Now I’m a Prisoner Here’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 12, 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Luna had been detained for about six weeks, ICE granted us permission to interview her in person at Otay Mesa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We followed a guard to a waiting room with other families. A sign above one guard’s gray metal desk proclaimed “Hope is the anchor for the soul. Be grateful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they called our names, we walked down past a heavy door, to where Luna sat in a tiny room. She wore blue crocs, brown socks and a blue uniform with “detainee” emblazoned on the back in white letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846827\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846827\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The California Report’s Sasha Khokha interviews Luna Guzmán inside Otay Mesa Detention Center in March 2019. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Report’s Sasha Khokha interviews Luna Guzmán inside Otay Mesa Detention Center in March 2019. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She looked gaunt and exhausted, but her eyes were still bright. Her hair was shorn super-short. She had to cut it all off after a bully hacked off a chunk of it with a razor, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He told me he couldn’t stand homosexuals and whipped out the razor,” she said. “He told me if I complained to the guards, it would be worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna said that happened at the Metropolitan Correctional Facility, a federal jail in San Diego, where she had been held for about a week after Border Patrol agents picked her up. She was charged there with the federal crime of illegally reentering the U.S., after President Trump ramped up prosecutions under a “zero tolerance” policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the sexual harassment at the ICE detention facility, she said, was even worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people here, they touch your butt, your breasts, they look at you when you’re taking a shower,” she said. “They flash us. I don’t want to be here anymore. I know if I complain they won’t listen to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna told us she couldn’t afford to buy shampoo or snacks from the detention center commissary. She said other inmates offered to buy them for her, in exchange for sexual favors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not going to do something I don’t want to do for a cup of soup that costs 60 cents,” she said. “I’m not going to have sex with anyone here. There’s discrimination on the outside. But here, it’s a different world. It’s worse. … You have nowhere to go to get away from it. You’re trapped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/lgbtq-rights/news/2018/05/30/451294/ices-rejection-rules-placing-lgbt-immigrants-severe-risk-sexual-abuse/\">2018 study \u003c/a>found that LGBT immigrants are nearly 100 times more likely to be sexually harassed or assaulted in ICE detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been a prisoner in my own body, I’m now a prisoner here,” Luna said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She told us she didn’t want to cry in front of us. She wanted to be the strong person who had impressed us with her courage and tenacity when we met her in Tijuana four months earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after our interview, we peeked back through a window of the tiny room. Her head was on the table, and she was sobbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846828\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846828\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán puts her head down and cries after her interview with reporters Sasha Khokha and Erin Siegal McIntyre. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán puts her head down and cries after her interview with reporters Sasha Khokha and Erin Siegal McIntyre. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre. )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Luna’s second stint in detention only lasted a couple months. ICE moved to deport her as soon as possible: She had re-entered the U.S. by climbing the border fence and violated the five-year bar on re-entry imposed on her when she was deported the first time. Now, she was barred from returning to the U.S. for 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was her second time in detention, and she still had no lawyer. No one to tell her about an alternative to asylum — something called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.justia.com/lgbtq/immigration/transgender-rights/\">withholding of removal,\u003c/a>” which has allowed some transgender women from Central America to stay in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If she had partnered with a skilled asylum lawyer, we would be having a really different conversation right now about her,” said Love. “We might be talking about her now in 2020, enrolling in community college or, you know, getting her first apartment or, in fact, getting her legal permanent residence in the United States and having a green card. But instead, she was not provided with the due process that she was owed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘It’s Not Safe For You To Stay in Guatemala’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 27, 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna was deported a second time to Guatemala City. KQED hired a film crew to meet her when she got off the plane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She counted out four U.S. dollar bills from a plastic bag marked “personal property” — money she said she earned working in the laundry at the detention center. She brushed her hand over her face, as if to make it all go away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she headed to \u003ca href=\"https://asociacionlambda.com/\">Asociación Lambda\u003c/a>, an LGBT organization in Guatemala City that helps deportees, but after hearing her story, an intake worker told Luna it was unsafe for her to stay in Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your profile is very high risk,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He didn’t need to remind her about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pri.org/stories/2020-02-13/ice-deported-trans-asylum-seeker-she-was-killed-el-salvador\">trans women who’ve been murdered\u003c/a> recently after being deported back to Central America. He also said he worried the traffickers from her hometown might have connections in Guatemala City and could track her down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He arranged for a safe house in a secret location, but Luna decided to leave after just one night there. She refused to feel locked up again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By now we’d been reporting on Luna’s story for five months. Some transgender California Report listeners in Modesto who heard one of the stories even reached out to her and sent her $80, money that helped her get out of Guatemala again and start another journey back to the border. They also put together a drag performance that they dedicated to her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/embed/XkR9vHtM9T8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April-July 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few more months, Luna found her way out of Guatemala and back to Mexico. She applied for a humanitarian visa to stay temporarily and found a job making tortillas in a restaurant in Tapachula. She met some new friends, other transgender migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, emboldened by her new friends, she decided to dress as a woman again, for dinner with them at a local cafe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she called at 6 a.m. the next morning, crying. She said she had been raped by five armed men, who abducted her while she was waiting alone for a taxi after dinner. She said they beat her, kicking her in the kidneys, where she was recovering from a recent infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why is that every time I show the person I really am, does it go so wrong?” she sobbed. “Why is life so hard?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she was too afraid to file a complaint with the Mexican police, that they would probably do nothing but laugh at her and say homophobic things. She sent me a Facebook post about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.diariodelsur.com.mx/local/gobierno-de-chiapas-complice-en-crimenes-de-odio-y-violencia-activistas-3949418.html\">death of a gay activist, Juan Ruiz Nicolas\u003c/a>, who was assassinated in Tapachula, the town where she was staying near the Guatemala border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Allegra Love, attorney with Santa Fe Dreamers Project\"]‘If [Luna] had partnered with a skilled asylum lawyer, we would be having a really different conversation right now about her. We might be talking about her now in 2020, enrolling in community college … getting her first apartment or, in fact, getting her legal permanent residence in the United States.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because she didn’t report the rape to anyone, it’s hard to confirm that Luna was assaulted. This is part of the paradox for asylum seekers. They’re expected to document and prove the horrible things that have happened to them, but all too often, the act of reporting these abuses could put them in more danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, as journalists, we’ve done our best to vet her story. KQED even sued the Department of Homeland Security to obtain Luna’s records. But when it comes to what happened to Luna in Guatemala or Mexico, there’s no way to prove the trafficking and the violence. She’s been in transit so long, living on the street and in shelters, that she has little documentation of her life. Still, Luna’s story is consistent with what advocates and investigations into the treatment of transgender and \u003ca href=\"https://www.rollcall.com/2020/09/24/house-report-medical-neglect-falsified-records-harmed-detained-immigrants/\">HIV-positive immigration detainees\u003c/a> have found. Much of it is also echoed in her asylum application and in her health records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna eventually received a temporary humanitarian visa and Mexican identification card, good for one year. The Mexican government sent her back to Tijuana, to a safe house for LGBT refugees called \u003ca href=\"https://casaarcoiris.org/en/\">Casa Arcoiris\u003c/a>, or rainbow house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846833\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846833\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán walks through Tijuana with friends from Casa Arco Iris, a shelter for LGBTQ refugees from around the world waiting in Mexico to seek asylum in the U.S.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán walks through Tijuana with friends from Casa Arcoiris, a shelter for LGBTQ refugees from around the world waiting in Mexico to seek asylum in the U.S. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>October 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, we decided to visit her again in Tijuana to see how she was doing. But we couldn’t meet her at the safe house where she was staying, because they wanted to keep the location secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, we met up with Luna and some of her new shelter-mates at a huge supermarket where they were shopping for dried beans, carrots and cabbage. They each took turns cooking a meal from their home country for the other residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One nonbinary friend from Honduras, who didn’t want to give their name for safety, said Luna is beloved in the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody loves her. She’s shared her history, so much we have in common,” they said. “We’ve become like family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That community, that stability, had changed things for Luna. She was wearing dresses and lipstick more often, laughing more with her new friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846825\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846825\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg\" alt=\"In Tijuana, Luna Guzmán has been able to express and explore her gender identity more openly.\" width=\"800\" height=\"632\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-1020x805.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-160x126.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych.jpg 1368w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Tijuana, Luna Guzmán has been able to express and explore her gender identity more openly. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But she got serious again when she took us to see the section of border fence where she crossed the last time she came to California. She pointed to squirrels and dragonflies flitting between the slats of the fence, between countries, without even knowing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only we humans that don’t have that freedom,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We asked what she thought about as she gazed through the bars of the fence to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This wall kills your dreams. It takes away everything,” she said. “I told myself that when I climbed over this wall. I would leave my past behind. I would be reborn. That’s California, but I can’t get there. One day I will. It might be 2050, or 2100, but I will get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846830\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846830\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán stands at the border fence in Tijuana, at the section she had climbed across in January 2019 during her second attempt to immigrate to California. She had been deported the year before after giving up her asylum claim, unable to withstand long months of detention and sexual harassment at the detention center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán stands at the border fence in Tijuana, at the section she had climbed across in January 2019 during her second attempt to immigrate to California. She had been deported the year before after giving up her asylum claim, unable to withstand long months of detention and sexual harassment at the detention center. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>‘Thank You for Telling My Story’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the COVID-19 outbreak arrived in Mexico, Luna left us a voicemail that she planned to shelter in place with a friend outside of Ensenada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We talked about her relief that she was far away from the Otay Mesa Detention Center, which turned out to have one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11816707/man-dies-of-covid-19-in-san-diego-ice-detention-center-lawyers-say\">biggest outbreaks of COVID-19\u003c/a>. That, ironically, being deported may have saved her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, if she had still been in detention, she might have been released to a sponsor in the U.S. — as some other transgender detainees have been — to avoid the risk of getting coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a month later, in April, Luna left a voice memo. Her breathing was so heavy and ragged it was hard to understand. She said she was in the ICU at the public hospital in Tijuana, sick with COVID-19. They were about to put her on a respirator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thank you for everything,” she rasped. “For wanting to tell my story. Hopefully people will remember a little bit about me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, as has happened so many times over the last two years, the WhatsApp feed with Luna went quiet for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, after several weeks in the hospital, Luna left another message from her hospital bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They had taken her off the ventilator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh God, I thought I was gonna die,” she breathed. “But nope, Luna, she’s still here, resisting everything. I’ve got a lot more life in me. A lot I still want to say.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna left us a voice message, saying the Mexican government just extended her humanitarian visa for another year. Still, it’s been difficult for her to work and pay her rent in Tijuana. She has lingering symptoms from COVID-19, including fatigue, difficulty breathing and sore vocal cords. Her immune system is also struggling to fight HIV. She’s worried her body isn’t strong enough to fight off another virus, so is staying at home as much as possible to avoid getting reinfected with COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna also said she and other migrants are celebrating Joe Biden’s win and hoping that he will make good on his campaign pledge to “end President Trump’s detrimental asylum policies,” which included making it harder for LGBTQ migrants to seek protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna said she’s ready to try for asylum in the U.S. again if things change with the new administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re warriors, and we’ve gotten through a lot of tough situations,” Luna said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April 2021\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna is still dealing with the after-effects of COVID-19. She gets out of breath easily and has to use an inhaler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the help of donations from listeners, she’s been able to find stable housing in Tijuana, where she’s working part time as a dishwasher. On April 8, Luna proudly graduated from a 12-week course in gardening, nutrition and cooking for migrants on the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Lareinaluna31/status/1380357337186140162?s=20\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s sitting tight, waiting for a chance to work with an immigration lawyer to try to reopen her case. She said as more asylum seekers waiting at the border are getting a chance to present their claims, she’s hopeful the transgender migrants among them will find conditions in detention improved under the Biden administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>May 2021\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna calls and leaves a voice message, nearly shrieking with excitement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am in the US! I am in San Diego. I was able to cross yesterday!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, she had the help of an attorney, from the Oakland-based Transgender Law Center, who helped her with an application for humanitarian parole. And it was approved, allowing her to come into the United States while she waits for another chance to go in front of an immigration judge and ask for protection. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11876583 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/06/Luna-Times-Square-1-1020x876.jpg']The Queer Detainee Empowerment Project in New York City agreed to sponsor Luna. They are helping her with housing, medical care and finding a lawyer to represent her in immigration court. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They sent her a plane ticket for travel from San Diego to JFK – and she boarded a flight May 17 after quarantining at a hotel in San Diego and taking a COVID test. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she arrived in New York, a volunteer took her to a shelter that houses transgender women in Jamaica, Queens. She’ll eventually be able to get her own apartment, through a program in New York City that guarantees housing for people living with HIV. With her humanitarian parole status, Luna is eligible for Medicaid in New York, which can help her get HIV meds, hormones or eventually, gender-affirming surgery. QDEP can help her with English-language classes and mental health services, too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’ll still have to present her case in front of an immigration judge in New York. But this time, she’ll have a lawyer to represent her. With the pandemic, the backlog of immigration cases could take many months – even years to resolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Luna is waiting, she can start to live the life she’s dreamed about. She’s been sending us videos of her dancing to street musicians in Times Square, and wearing her new pink high tops to take the subway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m living my dream, right?” Luna said in a recent voice message. “I may not be in California, but I am in New York. I know the universe will bring good things, and I’m going to be OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on Dec. 4, 2020 and last updated on June 4, 2021.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This project was supported by a grant from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.iwmf.org/\">International Women’s Media Foundation\u003c/a>. Their Reporting Grants for Women’s Stories Program is funded by the Secular Society. Luna Guzmán’s voice in English in the audio documentary was performed by pioneering transgender actress \u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10656367/\">Zoey Luna.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11852044/una-mariposa-con-las-alas-rotas-la-busqueda-de-una-solicitante-de-asilo-transgenera-para-llegar-a-california\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Since \u003ca href=\"https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\">The California Report Magazine\u003c/a> first aired this documentary in December 2020, dozens of listeners reached out to help Luna Guzmán with messages of encouragement and support. In May, 2021, Luna was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11876583/living-my-dream-after-years-transgender-asylum-seeker-finally-makes-it-to-the-us\">finally able to make it to the US\u003c/a>, where she is now waiting for another chance to go before an immigration judge and ask for protection.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">W\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>hen she turned 15, like so many girls in her town in Guatemala, Luna Guzmán celebrated with a quinceañera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My friend lent me the dress because she saw the way I used to cry every time we passed the dress shop on the way to school, with all those beautiful dresses,” she said in Spanish. “I would just press my hand up against the glass and stare at them for a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dress she borrowed was turquoise, with a long skirt. She took off her tennies, put on heels and a tiara, and danced with her friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a cake, bottles of champagne and chambelanes, boys who dressed up in suits to escort her into the secret party at a friend’s house. No one was there from Luna’s family, because they couldn’t fathom her as a transgender girl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Moments from that birthday party still linger in Luna’s memory as a time when she truly felt delight and freedom. It was something to be savored again and again as the next decade began to unfold, even as she put back on her soccer jerseys and tried to look like the boy she knew she wasn’t inside. Even as she dealt with brutal violence and decided to take a tremendous risk and leave everything behind in Guatemala to try to find a life in California. The memories were one place in the world where she could imagine being safe, being herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We first met Luna two years ago at a migrant shelter in Tijuana and have stayed in touch with her as she’s journeyed across the border, spent months in U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detention, and sought shelter in Mexico. We’ve spent weeks frantically trying to reach her in an intensive care unit, after she left a voice message that she had been diagnosed with a severe case of COVID-19. “Thank you for telling my story,” she rasped through labored breaths, her voice barely recognizable. “If I die, I hope that one day people will remember something about me.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/8-aYksXNNUA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/8-aYksXNNUA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘Can’t You Change Your Son?’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Luna grew up on the outskirts of a small city in Central Guatemala, in a house cobbled together from sticks and newspaper. Her mom sold french fries from a cart, and Luna helped care for her three siblings, including a brother with developmental disabilities. Her dad wasn’t part of her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she was a voracious reader, spending hours in the town library. At school she would play dress up with the other girls. Luna would transform into a butterfly, her wings made from pieces of cardboard she scavenged on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The teacher would always ask my mom, ‘Listen, can’t you change your son? Can you take him to a psychologist? A psychiatrist? It’s making my school look bad,’ ” she recalled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna said her mom defended her at first. When she came out as gay at age 14, her mom gave a toast with some agua de jamaica. But as Luna got older, she said her mom disapproved of the dresses and the heels. Her son, dressing like a woman? For her, that went against nature. So Luna put back on the soccer jerseys and shorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The hurtful things she said to me, I understand them better now,” said Luna. “She just wanted to protect me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849344\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11849344\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán has spent most of her life fighting to be accepted as a transgender woman. She said she has often experienced brutal violence when she expresses her true gender identity as a woman.\" width=\"800\" height=\"613\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1536x1177.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2.jpg 1856w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán has spent most of her life fighting to be accepted as a transgender woman. She said she has often experienced brutal violence when she expresses her true gender identity as a woman. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>October 2007\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Luna was 13, just on the cusp of adolescence, she said she was raped by an older man who was a neighbor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would ask, why me? Tell me — if anyone is up there — explain it to me,” she sighed. “I still haven’t gotten an answer to this day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after, Luna said she was trafficked into prostitution. Some powerful men in her town forced her into a trafficking ring. The clients? Older men who would pay hundreds of U.S. dollars to sleep with young boys and transgender girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-guatemala-humantrafficking/guatemala-closes-its-eyes-to-rampant-child-sex-trafficking-u-n-idUSKCN0YU29V\">Sex trafficking is rampant in Guatemala\u003c/a>, and the United Nations has denounced the shocking number of children forced into trafficking rings because of poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there was no one to help. The traffickers, Luna said, had connections with the police and top public officials in town. “If anyone tried to denounce them or file a complaint, they’d throw it in the trash,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the kids trafficked in the ring, she said, were infected with sexually transmitted diseases. When she was 16, Luna said she found out she was HIV-positive. Harassment from people in town, who had already thrown rocks at her and told her to stay away from their children, intensified. Once, she remembered, some people beat her up so badly they broke her collarbone, telling her they wanted her to behave like a “real man.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My town is so small, there was no information about sexual orientation or HIV,” Luna said. “No information about anything. It’s so close-minded.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she turned 19, she said, she was still occasionally forced into sex work. But as she reached adulthood, she started to take some small steps to wrest back control of her life. She signed up for a training course to become a volunteer firefighter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849342\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11849342\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán worked as a fire fighter in her home town. She said she left the department after experiencing harassment and homophobic threats.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán worked as a firefighter in her hometown. She said she left the department after experiencing harassment and homophobic threats. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 2014\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna graduated from the firefighting program. She felt powerful rescuing people from car accidents and hosing down burning buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, she said, the other firefighters found out she was HIV-positive, and began taunting her with homophobic slurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She dreamed about a way out and set her sights on California. She’d seen videos of San Francisco’s massive pride parade. She knew in California she couldn’t be fired or evicted for being transgender, would have the right to get an ID in the name she wants to use, and use the restroom that matches her gender identity. She also hoped it was a place where she could earn enough money to pay for her transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>January 2017 \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna left her family, the fire department, the neighbors, the pimps. She was 22 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She leaped onto that famous train migrants call \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2014/06/05/318905712/riding-the-beast-across-mexico-to-the-u-s-border\">La Bestia\u003c/a>, or “the beast,” which travels north from Mexico’s southern border. She didn’t wear dresses on the journey. As she’s done for most of her life, she kept her hair short and wore men’s T-shirts and shorts, for safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849343\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 694px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11849343\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán rides a train heading from Guatemala through Mexico in 2017. She traveled with several other LGBTQ migrants and said that at one point they were attacked by men armed with machetes. \" width=\"694\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg 694w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán rides a train heading from Guatemala through Mexico in 2017. She traveled with several other LGBTQ migrants and said that at one point they were attacked by men armed with machetes. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>\u003cstrong>Crossing the Border But Not Finding Safety \u003c/strong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>August 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Luna reached the U.S.-Mexico border crossing at Otay Mesa near San Diego, she told an officer she was running away from homophobic violence in Guatemala and was requesting asylum. But her hopes that she would feel protected as soon as she crossed into the U.S. vanished.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They took me into some offices. About 30 minutes later, they arrested me. Put chains on my hands, my feet, my waist,” she recalled. “They treat you like a criminal, just for asking for help. It feels horrible, like you’re nothing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border officials don’t decide on asylum requests — that happens later — but they are responsible for the transfer of detainees to ICE custody, where they’ll eventually speak with an asylum officer. However, border officials didn’t check the box on Luna’s intake form indicating that she identified as LGBT, nor the box indicating that she could be at increased risk of sexual abuse in detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846822\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846822\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png\" alt=\"U.S. Customs and Border Patrol “Detainee Assessment” form dated Aug. 9, 2017. Although Luna Guzmán clearly told officials she feared homophobic violence, they did not check the box noting that she identified as LGBTQ. \" width=\"800\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-1020x624.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-160x98.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot.png 1428w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">U.S. Customs and Border Protection ‘Detainee Assessment’ form dated Aug. 9, 2017. Although Luna Guzmán clearly told officials she feared homophobic violence, they did not check the box noting that she identified as LGBTQ. \u003ccite>(Solicitud de información bajo la Ley por la Libertad de la Información)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s where things started to go wrong for her. ICE eventually assigned Luna a bed in a crowded men’s unit at the Otay Mesa Detention Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten days after she arrived at the border asking for help, an asylum officer with U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services conducted a “credible fear” interview. That’s when Luna told her she also dressed as a woman at times. The officer found her story credible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, a transgender Latina organization based near Los Angeles called \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/LasCrisantemas/?ref=page_internal\">Las Crisantemas\u003c/a> sent a letter of support to the immigration court identifying Luna as a trans woman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Luna was never moved to a special detention unit for transgender women, despite the fact that in 2015 ICE had agreed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/ice-issues-new-guidance-care-transgender-individuals-custody\">improve standards for transgender detainees\u003c/a>, including access to separate detention units away from the general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They did not put her into the protective custody that is required by their own standards,” said Allegra Love, an attorney with the \u003ca href=\"http://www.santafedreamersproject.org/transdetention\">Santa Fe Dreamers Project\u003c/a>, which has represented hundreds of transgender women in detention over the last few years. She was never Luna’s lawyer, but we asked her to review Luna’s case after KQED sued ICE to obtain her immigration records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone expresses to them, ‘Hey, look, I am trans, I have gender dysphoria. I am not the gender you think I am,’ then the government has this responsibility acknowledged by their own hand to take that seriously and protect people from heightened danger,” said Love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Luna would spend months in the men’s unit before her asylum case could be fully heard — months when she said she was repeatedly harassed and belittled by the other detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846829\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846829\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Layers of security fencing at Otay Mesa immigration Detention Facility just east of San Diego, where Luna Guzmán was held for eight months while waiting to present her asylum claim.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Layers of security fencing at Otay Mesa Detention Center just east of San Diego, where Luna Guzmán was held for eight months while waiting to present her asylum claim. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Backlogged Immigration Court, Long Months in Detention\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna appeared before immigration Judge Olga Attia, appointed to the immigration court in 2017 by former Attorney General Jeff Sessions. Luna was assigned an interpreter, but no lawyer. If she had wanted one, she would have had to find and pay for one herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the audio recordings of her hearings at the immigration court, Luna told the judge she was worried about being detained for so long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t always get the medicine I need for my chronic condition [HIV],” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Unfortunately, I don’t have jurisdiction over such matters,” Attia told her. “You need to bring this to the attention of the detention officers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>January 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna was in detention for five months before she was able to officially present her asylum application to Judge Attia. Then the judge informed her there were no available appointments to hear the merits of her case for another five months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>February 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After six months in detention, Luna was eligible to get out on bond. ICE attorneys didn’t object as she had no criminal history. The judge set the bond at $4,500, but like many asylum seekers, she had no way to pay that kind of money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna pleaded with the judge. “It’s hurting me, psychologically,” she said. “I’ve never been locked up, your honor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unable to tolerate being in detention in a men’s unit any longer, Luna did something she never expected to do. She gave up on her asylum case and asked to be deported right away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s been eight months since I was detained at the detention center, your honor,” she said through an interpreter. “I feel alone. I don’t have the words to explain to you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even as Attia accepted the withdrawal of Luna’s asylum application, it wasn’t clear that the judge understood that Luna was transgender. Even after the interpreter explained that Luna was referring to herself in the feminine pronoun, Attia kept calling Luna “sir.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can only imagine the loss of hope that someone experiences when they’re fleeing a country where the reason their life is in danger is because their institutions refuse to acknowledge who they are,” said Love, the attorney who has represented dozens of transgender detainees from Central America. “Then to arrive with a hopeful feeling in a place where they think they are going to have a different treatment, and then to have law enforcement officers and judges — officers of the court — immediately reject them as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if Luna had decided to stay in detention and pursue her asylum claim, the odds were against her, especially without a lawyer. During the last year of the Obama administration, 55% of all asylum applications were denied. Under the Trump administration, those numbers jumped to a record high of 72% in 2020, according to data from \u003ca href=\"https://trac.syr.edu/whatsnew/email.201028.html\">Syracuse University’s TRAC project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For asylum seekers from Guatemala, the rate is even higher: 85.8% of those applications are denied.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the plane ICE chartered to transport Luna and other detainees back to Guatemala, she recalled, she had a panic attack, shaking so badly she could barely walk onto the tarmac when she landed in Guatemala City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she went to stay with her sister, who had married an evangelical Christian. After a few days, however, she said her sister gave her some money and asked her to leave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You don’t have a home with me as a sister,” Luna remembered her saying. “Only as a brother.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna had left Guatemala and had gradually made her way back to the U.S.-Mexico border, hoping to find her way to California again. We met Luna while she was staying at \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/CasadelMigranteTijuana/\">Casa del Migrante\u003c/a>, a migrant shelter in Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I am a transgender woman. I’m not going to live dressed as a boy my whole life. One day soon I want everyone who knows me to say, “Luna made it. She fought for her dreams and they came true.”‘",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she was trying to make it as a dishwasher in a restaurant where the owner kept making homophobic comments. She was also scrambling to find a clinic to get her HIV medication without a Mexican ID.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The soles of her tennis shoes were wearing thin, and she was wearing a soccer jersey, her hair buzzed short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am a transgender woman. I’m not going to live dressed as a boy my whole life,” Luna told us. “One day soon I want everyone who knows me to say, ‘Luna made it. She fought for her dreams and they came true.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846832\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846832\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán stands in front of a mural in Tijuana. As a child, she often dressed up as a butterfly. In detention, she said she felt like a “butterfly with its wings cut off.”\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán stands in front of a mural in Tijuana. As a child, she often dressed up as a butterfly. In detention, she said she felt like a “butterfly with its wings cut off.” \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>January 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month later, Luna messaged via WhatsApp to say she knew her dream of coming to California was probably over, because she had given up her asylum case the year before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But then, a few weeks later, she sent a video of herself standing someplace windy, with the border wall far behind her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look!” she exclaimed. “I crossed! I’ll see you in San Francisco, by the Golden Gate bridge, for a coffee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then the WhatsApp feed went quiet for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>February 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, we got a collect call from Otay Mesa Detention Center. Over the scratchy phone line, Luna said she was in the same cell and the same bed where she had stayed the year before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel like a butterfly who’s had her wings cut off,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘I’ve Been a Prisoner in My Own Body, Now I’m a Prisoner Here’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 12, 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After Luna had been detained for about six weeks, ICE granted us permission to interview her in person at Otay Mesa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We followed a guard to a waiting room with other families. A sign above one guard’s gray metal desk proclaimed “Hope is the anchor for the soul. Be grateful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they called our names, we walked down past a heavy door, to where Luna sat in a tiny room. She wore blue crocs, brown socks and a blue uniform with “detainee” emblazoned on the back in white letters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846827\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846827\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"The California Report’s Sasha Khokha interviews Luna Guzmán inside Otay Mesa Detention Center in March 2019. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The California Report’s Sasha Khokha interviews Luna Guzmán inside Otay Mesa Detention Center in March 2019. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>She looked gaunt and exhausted, but her eyes were still bright. Her hair was shorn super-short. She had to cut it all off after a bully hacked off a chunk of it with a razor, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He told me he couldn’t stand homosexuals and whipped out the razor,” she said. “He told me if I complained to the guards, it would be worse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna said that happened at the Metropolitan Correctional Facility, a federal jail in San Diego, where she had been held for about a week after Border Patrol agents picked her up. She was charged there with the federal crime of illegally reentering the U.S., after President Trump ramped up prosecutions under a “zero tolerance” policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the sexual harassment at the ICE detention facility, she said, was even worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some people here, they touch your butt, your breasts, they look at you when you’re taking a shower,” she said. “They flash us. I don’t want to be here anymore. I know if I complain they won’t listen to me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna told us she couldn’t afford to buy shampoo or snacks from the detention center commissary. She said other inmates offered to buy them for her, in exchange for sexual favors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not going to do something I don’t want to do for a cup of soup that costs 60 cents,” she said. “I’m not going to have sex with anyone here. There’s discrimination on the outside. But here, it’s a different world. It’s worse. … You have nowhere to go to get away from it. You’re trapped.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/lgbtq-rights/news/2018/05/30/451294/ices-rejection-rules-placing-lgbt-immigrants-severe-risk-sexual-abuse/\">2018 study \u003c/a>found that LGBT immigrants are nearly 100 times more likely to be sexually harassed or assaulted in ICE detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve been a prisoner in my own body, I’m now a prisoner here,” Luna said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She told us she didn’t want to cry in front of us. She wanted to be the strong person who had impressed us with her courage and tenacity when we met her in Tijuana four months earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after our interview, we peeked back through a window of the tiny room. Her head was on the table, and she was sobbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846828\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846828\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán puts her head down and cries after her interview with reporters Sasha Khokha and Erin Siegal McIntyre. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán puts her head down and cries after her interview with reporters Sasha Khokha and Erin Siegal McIntyre. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre. )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Luna’s second stint in detention only lasted a couple months. ICE moved to deport her as soon as possible: She had re-entered the U.S. by climbing the border fence and violated the five-year bar on re-entry imposed on her when she was deported the first time. Now, she was barred from returning to the U.S. for 20 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was her second time in detention, and she still had no lawyer. No one to tell her about an alternative to asylum — something called “\u003ca href=\"https://www.justia.com/lgbtq/immigration/transgender-rights/\">withholding of removal,\u003c/a>” which has allowed some transgender women from Central America to stay in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If she had partnered with a skilled asylum lawyer, we would be having a really different conversation right now about her,” said Love. “We might be talking about her now in 2020, enrolling in community college or, you know, getting her first apartment or, in fact, getting her legal permanent residence in the United States and having a green card. But instead, she was not provided with the due process that she was owed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>‘It’s Not Safe For You To Stay in Guatemala’\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 27, 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna was deported a second time to Guatemala City. KQED hired a film crew to meet her when she got off the plane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She counted out four U.S. dollar bills from a plastic bag marked “personal property” — money she said she earned working in the laundry at the detention center. She brushed her hand over her face, as if to make it all go away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she headed to \u003ca href=\"https://asociacionlambda.com/\">Asociación Lambda\u003c/a>, an LGBT organization in Guatemala City that helps deportees, but after hearing her story, an intake worker told Luna it was unsafe for her to stay in Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your profile is very high risk,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He didn’t need to remind her about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pri.org/stories/2020-02-13/ice-deported-trans-asylum-seeker-she-was-killed-el-salvador\">trans women who’ve been murdered\u003c/a> recently after being deported back to Central America. He also said he worried the traffickers from her hometown might have connections in Guatemala City and could track her down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He arranged for a safe house in a secret location, but Luna decided to leave after just one night there. She refused to feel locked up again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By now we’d been reporting on Luna’s story for five months. Some transgender California Report listeners in Modesto who heard one of the stories even reached out to her and sent her $80, money that helped her get out of Guatemala again and start another journey back to the border. They also put together a drag performance that they dedicated to her.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/XkR9vHtM9T8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/XkR9vHtM9T8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April-July 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a few more months, Luna found her way out of Guatemala and back to Mexico. She applied for a humanitarian visa to stay temporarily and found a job making tortillas in a restaurant in Tapachula. She met some new friends, other transgender migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon, emboldened by her new friends, she decided to dress as a woman again, for dinner with them at a local cafe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then she called at 6 a.m. the next morning, crying. She said she had been raped by five armed men, who abducted her while she was waiting alone for a taxi after dinner. She said they beat her, kicking her in the kidneys, where she was recovering from a recent infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why is that every time I show the person I really am, does it go so wrong?” she sobbed. “Why is life so hard?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said she was too afraid to file a complaint with the Mexican police, that they would probably do nothing but laugh at her and say homophobic things. She sent me a Facebook post about the \u003ca href=\"https://www.diariodelsur.com.mx/local/gobierno-de-chiapas-complice-en-crimenes-de-odio-y-violencia-activistas-3949418.html\">death of a gay activist, Juan Ruiz Nicolas\u003c/a>, who was assassinated in Tapachula, the town where she was staying near the Guatemala border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘If [Luna] had partnered with a skilled asylum lawyer, we would be having a really different conversation right now about her. We might be talking about her now in 2020, enrolling in community college … getting her first apartment or, in fact, getting her legal permanent residence in the United States.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because she didn’t report the rape to anyone, it’s hard to confirm that Luna was assaulted. This is part of the paradox for asylum seekers. They’re expected to document and prove the horrible things that have happened to them, but all too often, the act of reporting these abuses could put them in more danger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, as journalists, we’ve done our best to vet her story. KQED even sued the Department of Homeland Security to obtain Luna’s records. But when it comes to what happened to Luna in Guatemala or Mexico, there’s no way to prove the trafficking and the violence. She’s been in transit so long, living on the street and in shelters, that she has little documentation of her life. Still, Luna’s story is consistent with what advocates and investigations into the treatment of transgender and \u003ca href=\"https://www.rollcall.com/2020/09/24/house-report-medical-neglect-falsified-records-harmed-detained-immigrants/\">HIV-positive immigration detainees\u003c/a> have found. Much of it is also echoed in her asylum application and in her health records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna eventually received a temporary humanitarian visa and Mexican identification card, good for one year. The Mexican government sent her back to Tijuana, to a safe house for LGBT refugees called \u003ca href=\"https://casaarcoiris.org/en/\">Casa Arcoiris\u003c/a>, or rainbow house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846833\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846833\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán walks through Tijuana with friends from Casa Arco Iris, a shelter for LGBTQ refugees from around the world waiting in Mexico to seek asylum in the U.S.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán walks through Tijuana with friends from Casa Arcoiris, a shelter for LGBTQ refugees from around the world waiting in Mexico to seek asylum in the U.S. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>October 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October, we decided to visit her again in Tijuana to see how she was doing. But we couldn’t meet her at the safe house where she was staying, because they wanted to keep the location secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, we met up with Luna and some of her new shelter-mates at a huge supermarket where they were shopping for dried beans, carrots and cabbage. They each took turns cooking a meal from their home country for the other residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One nonbinary friend from Honduras, who didn’t want to give their name for safety, said Luna is beloved in the house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody loves her. She’s shared her history, so much we have in common,” they said. “We’ve become like family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That community, that stability, had changed things for Luna. She was wearing dresses and lipstick more often, laughing more with her new friends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846825\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846825\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg\" alt=\"In Tijuana, Luna Guzmán has been able to express and explore her gender identity more openly.\" width=\"800\" height=\"632\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-1020x805.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-160x126.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych.jpg 1368w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In Tijuana, Luna Guzmán has been able to express and explore her gender identity more openly. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But she got serious again when she took us to see the section of border fence where she crossed the last time she came to California. She pointed to squirrels and dragonflies flitting between the slats of the fence, between countries, without even knowing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s only we humans that don’t have that freedom,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We asked what she thought about as she gazed through the bars of the fence to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This wall kills your dreams. It takes away everything,” she said. “I told myself that when I climbed over this wall. I would leave my past behind. I would be reborn. That’s California, but I can’t get there. One day I will. It might be 2050, or 2100, but I will get there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846830\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11846830\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán stands at the border fence in Tijuana, at the section she had climbed across in January 2019 during her second attempt to immigrate to California. She had been deported the year before after giving up her asylum claim, unable to withstand long months of detention and sexual harassment at the detention center.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán stands at the border fence in Tijuana, at the section she had climbed across in January 2019 during her second attempt to immigrate to California. She had been deported the year before after giving up her asylum claim, unable to withstand long months of detention and sexual harassment at the detention center. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>‘Thank You for Telling My Story’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the COVID-19 outbreak arrived in Mexico, Luna left us a voicemail that she planned to shelter in place with a friend outside of Ensenada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We talked about her relief that she was far away from the Otay Mesa Detention Center, which turned out to have one of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11816707/man-dies-of-covid-19-in-san-diego-ice-detention-center-lawyers-say\">biggest outbreaks of COVID-19\u003c/a>. That, ironically, being deported may have saved her life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other hand, if she had still been in detention, she might have been released to a sponsor in the U.S. — as some other transgender detainees have been — to avoid the risk of getting coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a month later, in April, Luna left a voice memo. Her breathing was so heavy and ragged it was hard to understand. She said she was in the ICU at the public hospital in Tijuana, sick with COVID-19. They were about to put her on a respirator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thank you for everything,” she rasped. “For wanting to tell my story. Hopefully people will remember a little bit about me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, as has happened so many times over the last two years, the WhatsApp feed with Luna went quiet for weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, after several weeks in the hospital, Luna left another message from her hospital bed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They had taken her off the ventilator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh God, I thought I was gonna die,” she breathed. “But nope, Luna, she’s still here, resisting everything. I’ve got a lot more life in me. A lot I still want to say.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna left us a voice message, saying the Mexican government just extended her humanitarian visa for another year. Still, it’s been difficult for her to work and pay her rent in Tijuana. She has lingering symptoms from COVID-19, including fatigue, difficulty breathing and sore vocal cords. Her immune system is also struggling to fight HIV. She’s worried her body isn’t strong enough to fight off another virus, so is staying at home as much as possible to avoid getting reinfected with COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna also said she and other migrants are celebrating Joe Biden’s win and hoping that he will make good on his campaign pledge to “end President Trump’s detrimental asylum policies,” which included making it harder for LGBTQ migrants to seek protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna said she’s ready to try for asylum in the U.S. again if things change with the new administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re warriors, and we’ve gotten through a lot of tough situations,” Luna said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April 2021\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna is still dealing with the after-effects of COVID-19. She gets out of breath easily and has to use an inhaler.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the help of donations from listeners, she’s been able to find stable housing in Tijuana, where she’s working part time as a dishwasher. On April 8, Luna proudly graduated from a 12-week course in gardening, nutrition and cooking for migrants on the border.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>She’s sitting tight, waiting for a chance to work with an immigration lawyer to try to reopen her case. She said as more asylum seekers waiting at the border are getting a chance to present their claims, she’s hopeful the transgender migrants among them will find conditions in detention improved under the Biden administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>May 2021\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna calls and leaves a voice message, nearly shrieking with excitement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am in the US! I am in San Diego. I was able to cross yesterday!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This time, she had the help of an attorney, from the Oakland-based Transgender Law Center, who helped her with an application for humanitarian parole. And it was approved, allowing her to come into the United States while she waits for another chance to go in front of an immigration judge and ask for protection. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Queer Detainee Empowerment Project in New York City agreed to sponsor Luna. They are helping her with housing, medical care and finding a lawyer to represent her in immigration court. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They sent her a plane ticket for travel from San Diego to JFK – and she boarded a flight May 17 after quarantining at a hotel in San Diego and taking a COVID test. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she arrived in New York, a volunteer took her to a shelter that houses transgender women in Jamaica, Queens. She’ll eventually be able to get her own apartment, through a program in New York City that guarantees housing for people living with HIV. With her humanitarian parole status, Luna is eligible for Medicaid in New York, which can help her get HIV meds, hormones or eventually, gender-affirming surgery. QDEP can help her with English-language classes and mental health services, too. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’ll still have to present her case in front of an immigration judge in New York. But this time, she’ll have a lawyer to represent her. With the pandemic, the backlog of immigration cases could take many months – even years to resolve.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Luna is waiting, she can start to live the life she’s dreamed about. She’s been sending us videos of her dancing to street musicians in Times Square, and wearing her new pink high tops to take the subway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m living my dream, right?” Luna said in a recent voice message. “I may not be in California, but I am in New York. I know the universe will bring good things, and I’m going to be OK.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on Dec. 4, 2020 and last updated on June 4, 2021.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This project was supported by a grant from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.iwmf.org/\">International Women’s Media Foundation\u003c/a>. Their Reporting Grants for Women’s Stories Program is funded by the Secular Society. Luna Guzmán’s voice in English in the audio documentary was performed by pioneering transgender actress \u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10656367/\">Zoey Luna.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Biden Administration on the Defensive Over Conditions at Border Detention Centers",
"title": "Biden Administration on the Defensive Over Conditions at Border Detention Centers",
"headTitle": "NPR | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection on Tuesday released photos and video of South Texas immigrant processing centers that have become a renewed focus of criticism for continued poor conditions despite President Biden's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/14/912060869/biden-pledges-to-dismantle-trumps-sweeping-immigration-changes-but-can-he-do-tha\">promises to fix Trump-era problems\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.dvidshub.net/image/6566913/temporary-processing-facilities\">images appear\u003c/a> partly in response to photos released by Rep. Henry Cuellar and \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/photos-overcrowded-border-patrol-migrant-tents-0525a96b-0dc8-473f-b59c-38b0b3e52760.html\">published by Axios\u003c/a> on Monday showing migrants crammed into \"pods\" divided only by plastic sheathing. Cuellar, a Democrat who represents the border town of Laredo, Texas, said he recently witnessed \"terrible conditions for the children\" at the Donna Processing Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866032\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1404px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11866032 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1404\" height=\"936\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85.jpg 1404w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1404px) 100vw, 1404px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the photos released by Customs and Border Protection (CBP) shows detained families and unaccompanied children sit in areas divided by plastic sheathing at a temporary processing facility in Donna, Texas. \u003ccite>(Office of Congressman Henry Cuellar via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cuellar said the \"pods\" were meant to house 260 individuals, but that one of them held more than 400 unaccompanied male minors. He said the children needed to be quickly moved from the facility into the care of the Department of Health and Human Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We ought to take care of those kids like they're our own kids,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The controversy comes barely two months into the Biden presidency, amid a surge in migrants coming to the U.S. from Central America that began late last year. The new administration says it sees ending a Trump-era policy of forcing migrants to remain in Mexico while their cases adjudicated as \"a moral imperative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">More has to be done to address this growing humanitarian crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These migrant children need our help right now. Not later. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/hbeLnfIxNF\">https://t.co/hbeLnfIxNF\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Rep. Henry Cuellar (@RepCuellar) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepCuellar/status/1374090306392580097?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 22, 2021\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Cuellar said one reason he released the photos was because the Biden administration had refused media access to the facility in Donna, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new White House says the Trump administration handed it a crumbling immigration and asylum system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866047\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11866047 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1066\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Texas Rep. Henry Cuellar (D) released a series of photos this Monday that show migrant families and unaccompanied minors detained in a temporary overflow facility in Donna, Texas on March 20, 2021. Cuellar has said the some spaces were meant to house 260 individuals, but that one of them held more than 400 unaccompanied male minors. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Office of Congressman Henry Cuellar via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The images appear to show migrants undergoing processing and general living conditions, such as rows of migrants sleeping on mattresses on the ground, covered in silver emergency blankets. Other images show unaccompanied minors and families in line for processing or to receive meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a brief statement accompanying their release, Customs and Border Protection said it \"continues to transfer unaccompanied minors to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as quickly and efficiently as possible after they are apprehended on the Southwest Border.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Sen. Chris Murphy, D-Connecticut\"]'The rise in children coming to the border has happened so quickly that it has been difficult to move them out of these detention facilities in under three days.'[/pullquote]In apparent response to journalists being denied access to the facilities, CBP said that in order \"to protect the health and safety of our workforce and those in our care we continue to discourage external visitors in our facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas, appearing on NBC's Meet the Press on Sunday, blamed COVID-19 for restricting access by the news media. \"Let's be clear here, we are in the midst of a pandemic,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/979014713/hundreds-of-migrant-children-held-in-border-detention-for-more-than-10-days\">NPR reported\u003c/a> that a DHS document indicated more than 500 unaccompanied migrant children and teens had been held in detention centers for more than 10 days in violation of a policy that says they should be moved within 72 hours. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866049\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11866049\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85.jpg 1599w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1599px) 100vw, 1599px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unaccompanied minors and families wait in line for processing at the temporary processing facilities in Donna, Texas on March 17, 2021. \u003ccite>(Jaime Rodriguez Sr/U.S. Customs and Border Protection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Asked about the report, Connecticut Democratic Sen. Chris Murphy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/20/979491354/senators-visit-southern-border-amidst-increase-of-unaccompanied-minors\">speaking on NPR's Weekend Edition Saturday\u003c/a>, defended the administration's efforts to address the problems at facilities and to speed up the processing of minors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rise in children coming to the border has happened so quickly that it has been difficult to move them out of these detention facilities in under three days,\" said Murphy, who recently returned from a visit to the Southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now, as we speak, they are building new capacity to help house these children and filling new slots in the HHS system,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murphy said that the Biden administration had \"inherited an absolute mess and wreck\" of an immigration system from the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about conditions in the facilities, Murphy said they are \"better than what we saw in 2019.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866051\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1347px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11866051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1347\" height=\"899\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85.jpg 1347w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1347px) 100vw, 1347px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children and families arrive at a temporary processing facility in Donna, Texas, on March 17. \u003ccite>(Jaime Rodríguez Sr./U.S. Customs and Border Protection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='immigration']\"These are not kids in so-called cages. They are not being separated from their family at the border,\" he said, acknowledging, \"But these are facilities that you wouldn't want your child in for more than 10 minutes. They are big rooms. Kids are sleeping on thin mattresses on the floor. They are sort of bunched about six inches to a foot from each other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have been quick to blame Biden for the rise in migrants at the border, saying his promise to end Trump-era policies invited a massive influx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After visiting the border earlier this month, Rep. John Katko, R-New York, the ranking member on the House Homeland Security Committee, \u003ca href=\"https://katko.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/katko-mccarthy-lead-delegation-southern-border\">said in a statement\u003c/a> that his experience as a federal prosecutor of organized crime taught him \"that the cartels know when to exploit the southern border, and they're doing it now masterfully. They're doing it because President Biden rolled back a lot of the orders of the previous administration that were working.\"\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Criticism of the Biden administration's immigration policy is growing louder as new images show the conditions of the processing centers migrant families and minors are kept in.",
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"title": "Biden Administration on the Defensive Over Conditions at Border Detention Centers | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. Customs and Border Protection on Tuesday released photos and video of South Texas immigrant processing centers that have become a renewed focus of criticism for continued poor conditions despite President Biden's \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2020/09/14/912060869/biden-pledges-to-dismantle-trumps-sweeping-immigration-changes-but-can-he-do-tha\">promises to fix Trump-era problems\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.dvidshub.net/image/6566913/temporary-processing-facilities\">images appear\u003c/a> partly in response to photos released by Rep. Henry Cuellar and \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/photos-overcrowded-border-patrol-migrant-tents-0525a96b-0dc8-473f-b59c-38b0b3e52760.html\">published by Axios\u003c/a> on Monday showing migrants crammed into \"pods\" divided only by plastic sheathing. Cuellar, a Democrat who represents the border town of Laredo, Texas, said he recently witnessed \"terrible conditions for the children\" at the Donna Processing Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866032\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1404px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11866032 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1404\" height=\"936\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85.jpg 1404w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566898-edit_custom-f2755c4f91fdb7308eba9a226dae5f7f74331cd8-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1404px) 100vw, 1404px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of the photos released by Customs and Border Protection (CBP) shows detained families and unaccompanied children sit in areas divided by plastic sheathing at a temporary processing facility in Donna, Texas. \u003ccite>(Office of Congressman Henry Cuellar via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Cuellar said the \"pods\" were meant to house 260 individuals, but that one of them held more than 400 unaccompanied male minors. He said the children needed to be quickly moved from the facility into the care of the Department of Health and Human Services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We ought to take care of those kids like they're our own kids,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The controversy comes barely two months into the Biden presidency, amid a surge in migrants coming to the U.S. from Central America that began late last year. The new administration says it sees ending a Trump-era policy of forcing migrants to remain in Mexico while their cases adjudicated as \"a moral imperative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">More has to be done to address this growing humanitarian crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These migrant children need our help right now. Not later. \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/hbeLnfIxNF\">https://t.co/hbeLnfIxNF\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Rep. Henry Cuellar (@RepCuellar) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/RepCuellar/status/1374090306392580097?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">March 22, 2021\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Cuellar said one reason he released the photos was because the Biden administration had refused media access to the facility in Donna, Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new White House says the Trump administration handed it a crumbling immigration and asylum system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866047\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1600px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11866047 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1066\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/ap21081535252917-ae89aa29f0df959b069a3eadecd501bafb6b6007-s1600-c85-1536x1023.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Texas Rep. Henry Cuellar (D) released a series of photos this Monday that show migrant families and unaccompanied minors detained in a temporary overflow facility in Donna, Texas on March 20, 2021. Cuellar has said the some spaces were meant to house 260 individuals, but that one of them held more than 400 unaccompanied male minors. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the Office of Congressman Henry Cuellar via AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The images appear to show migrants undergoing processing and general living conditions, such as rows of migrants sleeping on mattresses on the ground, covered in silver emergency blankets. Other images show unaccompanied minors and families in line for processing or to receive meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a brief statement accompanying their release, Customs and Border Protection said it \"continues to transfer unaccompanied minors to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as quickly and efficiently as possible after they are apprehended on the Southwest Border.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In apparent response to journalists being denied access to the facilities, CBP said that in order \"to protect the health and safety of our workforce and those in our care we continue to discourage external visitors in our facilities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary of Homeland Security Alejandro Mayorkas, appearing on NBC's Meet the Press on Sunday, blamed COVID-19 for restricting access by the news media. \"Let's be clear here, we are in the midst of a pandemic,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/18/979014713/hundreds-of-migrant-children-held-in-border-detention-for-more-than-10-days\">NPR reported\u003c/a> that a DHS document indicated more than 500 unaccompanied migrant children and teens had been held in detention centers for more than 10 days in violation of a policy that says they should be moved within 72 hours. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866049\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1599px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11866049\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1599\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85.jpg 1599w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566900-edit_custom-23e65f4c7da67889850a9eda3dee2fbb692b06da-s1600-c85-1536x1025.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1599px) 100vw, 1599px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Unaccompanied minors and families wait in line for processing at the temporary processing facilities in Donna, Texas on March 17, 2021. \u003ccite>(Jaime Rodriguez Sr/U.S. Customs and Border Protection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Asked about the report, Connecticut Democratic Sen. Chris Murphy, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/03/20/979491354/senators-visit-southern-border-amidst-increase-of-unaccompanied-minors\">speaking on NPR's Weekend Edition Saturday\u003c/a>, defended the administration's efforts to address the problems at facilities and to speed up the processing of minors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The rise in children coming to the border has happened so quickly that it has been difficult to move them out of these detention facilities in under three days,\" said Murphy, who recently returned from a visit to the Southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Right now, as we speak, they are building new capacity to help house these children and filling new slots in the HHS system,\" he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murphy said that the Biden administration had \"inherited an absolute mess and wreck\" of an immigration system from the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked about conditions in the facilities, Murphy said they are \"better than what we saw in 2019.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11866051\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1347px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11866051\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1347\" height=\"899\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85.jpg 1347w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-1020x681.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/03/6566912-edit_wide-07ed586d2c56bce79b623b033676fa35bcaad59c-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1347px) 100vw, 1347px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children and families arrive at a temporary processing facility in Donna, Texas, on March 17. \u003ccite>(Jaime Rodríguez Sr./U.S. Customs and Border Protection)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"These are not kids in so-called cages. They are not being separated from their family at the border,\" he said, acknowledging, \"But these are facilities that you wouldn't want your child in for more than 10 minutes. They are big rooms. Kids are sleeping on thin mattresses on the floor. They are sort of bunched about six inches to a foot from each other.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans have been quick to blame Biden for the rise in migrants at the border, saying his promise to end Trump-era policies invited a massive influx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After visiting the border earlier this month, Rep. John Katko, R-New York, the ranking member on the House Homeland Security Committee, \u003ca href=\"https://katko.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/katko-mccarthy-lead-delegation-southern-border\">said in a statement\u003c/a> that his experience as a federal prosecutor of organized crime taught him \"that the cartels know when to exploit the southern border, and they're doing it now masterfully. They're doing it because President Biden rolled back a lot of the orders of the previous administration that were working.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detainees held in state facilities in California will be eligible to receive the COVID-19 vaccine starting Monday, according to state public health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes months after federal authorities said the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11857822/advocates-fear-immigrant-detainees-could-be-left-out-of-vaccination-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">is responsible\u003c/a> for allocating vaccines to immigrant detainees within its borders, prompting local advocates to \u003ca href=\"https://imadvocates.org/portfolio-item/covid-19-vaccines-in-immigrant-detention/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">push\u003c/a> California officials to clarify their plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beginning Monday — March 15 — those who reside or work in congregate settings, where outbreak risk remains high, will be prioritized for the vaccine, including those who live in homeless shelters or are held in “incarceration/detention” facilities, according to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID-19/Provider-Bulletin-2-12-21.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">update\u003c/a> released by state health officials last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"ice\" label=\"Related coverage\"]The California Department of Public Health confirmed to KQED that the vaccine eligibility expansion includes ICE detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates who campaigned since last winter for California officials to include detained immigrants in vaccination plans welcomed the change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel that this is a very long overdue inclusion of immigrants in detention in the state’s plan,” said Jackie Gonzalez, policy director for Immigrant Defense Advocates. “And what we would like to see is clear guidance for how local public health departments should roll out the vaccine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coronavirus has swept through all seven detention centers in California, infecting more than 600 people held in the facilities since the pandemic began. More than a dozen detainees diagnosed with COVID-19 are currently in isolation or being monitored, according to ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus#detStat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">figures\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nationwide average daily population in detention centers has dropped dramatically from nearly 40,000 a year ago, to about \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detain/detention-management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">14,000\u003c/a> last month. The decrease is due in part to Trump administration policies that essentially closed down the border to asylum seekers, as well as court orders forcing ICE to release detainees to allow for social distancing during the pandemic inside facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE detention centers should work with local health jurisdictions to get allocations of doses and arrange vaccinations, said Dr. Mark Ghaly, secretary of the California Health and Human Services Agency, during a call with reporters last week. “The exact approach is going to be provider specific.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A limited number of detainees nationwide have begun to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, but that has depended largely on availability and the vaccination priorities of each state, ICE spokesman Jonathan Moor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccines at detention facilities are administered by either the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detain/ice-health-service-corps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ICE Health Services Corps\u003c/a>, contracted medical staff or “through other processes as defined by the state and/or local vaccination implementation plan,” Moor said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jackie Gonzalez, policy director for Immigrant Defense Advocates\"]‘This is a very long overdue inclusion of immigrants in detention in the state’s plan.’[/pullquote]A spokesman for CoreCivic, the for-profit company that runs the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11816707/man-dies-of-covid-19-in-san-diego-ice-detention-center-lawyers-say\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Otay Mesa Detention Center\u003c/a> near San Diego, said the facility was working to provide the vaccine to detainees “as quickly as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re following the plan and protocols established by the state of California and the San Diego Health Department health officials, for prioritizing recipients and administering the vaccine,” said Ryan Gustin, a spokesman with CoreCivic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GEO Group and Management & Training Corporation, the two other private companies that operate detention facilities in the state, declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But immigrant advocates, including members of an advisory group tasked with helping California public health officials distribute the vaccine equitably, say local health departments or other trusted community medical providers should be the entities informing detainees and providing them with shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t expect folks that are detained to be receptive to getting the vaccine from the detention facility staff or from people associated with ICE,” said Kiran Savage-Sangwan, who directs the California Pan-Ethnic Health Network and also sits on CDPH’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID-19/Community-Vaccine-Advisory-Committee.aspx/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Community Vaccine Advisory Committee\u003c/a>. “And that’s because of the really poor track record of medical care in these facilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The move comes months after federal authorities said the state is responsible for allocating vaccines to immigrant detainees within its borders.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detainees held in state facilities in California will be eligible to receive the COVID-19 vaccine starting Monday, according to state public health officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes months after federal authorities said the state \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11857822/advocates-fear-immigrant-detainees-could-be-left-out-of-vaccination-plans\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">is responsible\u003c/a> for allocating vaccines to immigrant detainees within its borders, prompting local advocates to \u003ca href=\"https://imadvocates.org/portfolio-item/covid-19-vaccines-in-immigrant-detention/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">push\u003c/a> California officials to clarify their plans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beginning Monday — March 15 — those who reside or work in congregate settings, where outbreak risk remains high, will be prioritized for the vaccine, including those who live in homeless shelters or are held in “incarceration/detention” facilities, according to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID-19/Provider-Bulletin-2-12-21.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">update\u003c/a> released by state health officials last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The California Department of Public Health confirmed to KQED that the vaccine eligibility expansion includes ICE detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates who campaigned since last winter for California officials to include detained immigrants in vaccination plans welcomed the change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel that this is a very long overdue inclusion of immigrants in detention in the state’s plan,” said Jackie Gonzalez, policy director for Immigrant Defense Advocates. “And what we would like to see is clear guidance for how local public health departments should roll out the vaccine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coronavirus has swept through all seven detention centers in California, infecting more than 600 people held in the facilities since the pandemic began. More than a dozen detainees diagnosed with COVID-19 are currently in isolation or being monitored, according to ICE \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus#detStat\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">figures\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nationwide average daily population in detention centers has dropped dramatically from nearly 40,000 a year ago, to about \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detain/detention-management\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">14,000\u003c/a> last month. The decrease is due in part to Trump administration policies that essentially closed down the border to asylum seekers, as well as court orders forcing ICE to release detainees to allow for social distancing during the pandemic inside facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE detention centers should work with local health jurisdictions to get allocations of doses and arrange vaccinations, said Dr. Mark Ghaly, secretary of the California Health and Human Services Agency, during a call with reporters last week. “The exact approach is going to be provider specific.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A limited number of detainees nationwide have begun to receive the COVID-19 vaccine, but that has depended largely on availability and the vaccination priorities of each state, ICE spokesman Jonathan Moor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vaccines at detention facilities are administered by either the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/detain/ice-health-service-corps\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ICE Health Services Corps\u003c/a>, contracted medical staff or “through other processes as defined by the state and/or local vaccination implementation plan,” Moor said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A spokesman for CoreCivic, the for-profit company that runs the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11816707/man-dies-of-covid-19-in-san-diego-ice-detention-center-lawyers-say\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Otay Mesa Detention Center\u003c/a> near San Diego, said the facility was working to provide the vaccine to detainees “as quickly as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re following the plan and protocols established by the state of California and the San Diego Health Department health officials, for prioritizing recipients and administering the vaccine,” said Ryan Gustin, a spokesman with CoreCivic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GEO Group and Management & Training Corporation, the two other private companies that operate detention facilities in the state, declined to comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But immigrant advocates, including members of an advisory group tasked with helping California public health officials distribute the vaccine equitably, say local health departments or other trusted community medical providers should be the entities informing detainees and providing them with shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t expect folks that are detained to be receptive to getting the vaccine from the detention facility staff or from people associated with ICE,” said Kiran Savage-Sangwan, who directs the California Pan-Ethnic Health Network and also sits on CDPH’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID-19/Community-Vaccine-Advisory-Committee.aspx/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Community Vaccine Advisory Committee\u003c/a>. “And that’s because of the really poor track record of medical care in these facilities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Immigrants who sued to be released from detention during the COVID-19 pandemic have won support from a federal appeals court in San Francisco. A three-judge panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals agreed Thursday afternoon that conditions in two California facilities were so hazardous they likely violated the Constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last spring, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11813475/sf-public-defender-sues-for-release-of-ice-detainees-to-reduce-crowding\">the detainees sued\u003c/a> U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, saying the impossibility of social distancing and the lack of COVID-19 testing and measures like masks and disinfectant put them at risk of illness and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria agreed, calling crowded conditions a “tinderbox” at the Yuba County Jail and the privately run Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chhabria issued a series of injunctions \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11832472/people-are-terrified-sf-judge-orders-covid-19-testing-at-ice-facility\">to force ICE to improve\u003c/a> the conditions of confinement. And he reviewed scores of bail applications, eventually releasing more than 130 people from the two facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration and the private prison company GEO Group appealed, saying the judge lacked authority to remedy conditions or release detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an unpublished ruling Thursday, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals disagreed, saying that Chhabria had acted properly and that the plaintiffs had shown they were likely to succeed in proving that detention conditions in April violated their right to due process under the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citing an earlier decision, the three judges – Marsha Berzon, Morgan Christen and Bridget Bade – wrote, “The Fifth Amendment requires the government to provide conditions of reasonable health and safety to people in its custody.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately the Mesa Verde facility suffered an outbreak of COVID-19 in August, and the Yuba County Jail was hit by the virus in December. Almost 70 detained immigrants eventually contracted COVID-19 at the two facilities, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus#detStat\">according to ICE\u003c/a>. Those who got sick included \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11856995/they-didnt-listen-to-us-ice-detainee-who-waged-hunger-strikes-for-covid-19-protections-gets-virus\">one man who had participated in hunger strikes\u003c/a> to draw attention to COVID-19 risks at Yuba County Jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11856995 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Herrera-1020x771.jpg']Bree Bernwanger, a senior attorney with the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights of the San Francisco Bay Area, argued the case. She said the 9th Circuit’s ruling is a reminder that ICE officials must prioritize the safety of people in their custody over the agency’s interest in detaining them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE violates the Constitution when it subjects people to an unreasonable risk of harm in detention,” she said. “And the risk of contracting COVID is a serious one that is constitutionally protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernwanger also noted that ICE detention is a form of civil custody, meant to hold people facing possible deportation if they are a danger to the public or unlikely to appear in immigration court as scheduled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the fact that those who were let free are back in their homes, safe from the pandemic, and with only rare allegations that any of them violated the court order for their release shows that ICE detention is largely unnecessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE detention is a sham,” Bernwanger said. “It hasn’t been keeping anyone safer. It’s actually just been more dangerous to our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ICE spokesman said the agency is currently reviewing the 9th Circuit’s decision and has no further comment because the matter is in litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9th Circuit panel referred the case to a mediation program to work out next steps, noting that conditions in ICE detention have changed considerably in recent months, as the pandemic progressed and Chhabria ordered additional protections.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Crowded conditions and ICE’s lack of action posed grave health risks that likely violated the constitutional rights of detained immigrants, the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Immigrants who sued to be released from detention during the COVID-19 pandemic have won support from a federal appeals court in San Francisco. A three-judge panel of the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals agreed Thursday afternoon that conditions in two California facilities were so hazardous they likely violated the Constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last spring, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11813475/sf-public-defender-sues-for-release-of-ice-detainees-to-reduce-crowding\">the detainees sued\u003c/a> U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement, saying the impossibility of social distancing and the lack of COVID-19 testing and measures like masks and disinfectant put them at risk of illness and death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria agreed, calling crowded conditions a “tinderbox” at the Yuba County Jail and the privately run Mesa Verde ICE Processing Facility in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chhabria issued a series of injunctions \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11832472/people-are-terrified-sf-judge-orders-covid-19-testing-at-ice-facility\">to force ICE to improve\u003c/a> the conditions of confinement. And he reviewed scores of bail applications, eventually releasing more than 130 people from the two facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration and the private prison company GEO Group appealed, saying the judge lacked authority to remedy conditions or release detainees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Bree Bernwanger, a senior attorney with the Lawyers’ Committee for Civil Rights of the San Francisco Bay Area, argued the case. She said the 9th Circuit’s ruling is a reminder that ICE officials must prioritize the safety of people in their custody over the agency’s interest in detaining them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE violates the Constitution when it subjects people to an unreasonable risk of harm in detention,” she said. “And the risk of contracting COVID is a serious one that is constitutionally protected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bernwanger also noted that ICE detention is a form of civil custody, meant to hold people facing possible deportation if they are a danger to the public or unlikely to appear in immigration court as scheduled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the fact that those who were let free are back in their homes, safe from the pandemic, and with only rare allegations that any of them violated the court order for their release shows that ICE detention is largely unnecessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE detention is a sham,” Bernwanger said. “It hasn’t been keeping anyone safer. It’s actually just been more dangerous to our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An ICE spokesman said the agency is currently reviewing the 9th Circuit’s decision and has no further comment because the matter is in litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9th Circuit panel referred the case to a mediation program to work out next steps, noting that conditions in ICE detention have changed considerably in recent months, as the pandemic progressed and Chhabria ordered additional protections.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After four years of former President Donald Trump's immigration crackdown, the Biden administration on Thursday announced new guidelines that are expected to sharply limit arrests and deportations carried out by Immigration and Customs Enforcement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the guidance, ICE agents and officers have been told to prioritize threats to national security and public safety when deciding whom to arrest, detain and deport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE officials said the guidance is intended to help the agency allocate its limited resources to cases the public cares about most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like every law enforcement agency at the local, state, and federal level, we must prioritize our efforts to achieve the greatest security and safety impact,\" ICE acting Director Tae Johnson said in a statement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidance to ICE agents is part of a broader effort by President Biden to roll back the previous administration's hard-line immigration policies. Also on Thursday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/18/968989967/democrats-unveil-sweeping-immigration-bill\">congressional Democrats unveiled an immigration bill\u003c/a> – \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/inauguration-day-live-updates/2021/01/20/958626092/on-immigration-biden-goes-big-in-opening-bid-to-congress\">a plan that President Biden had proposed on his first day in office\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill includes a path to citizenship for the estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants living in the United States and a fast-track process for young \"Dreamer\" immigrants brought to the country illegally as children. The bill faces steep hurdles in a divided Congress. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changes at ICE also face pushback – from outside the agency and within. Immigration hawks complain that the new guidance will prevent ICE agents and officers from doing their jobs – in essence, abolishing ICE without actually abolishing it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The men and women of ICE, they took an oath to enforce immigration laws,\" said Thomas Homan, who served as acting ICE director under former President Trump. \"It's unfortunate they can't do the job. ... And it's unfortunate that many criminals are going to be walking the streets of America because this administration simply thinks they're not important enough to take off the streets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE is charged with enforcing the nation's immigration laws – including arresting and deporting people living in the country illegally. In many ways, its agents became the public face of Trump's immigration crackdown, spreading fear and confusion in immigrant communities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new guidance also was greeted with criticism from some immigrant advocates. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naureen Shah, senior advocacy and policy counsel for the American Civil Liberties Union, said in a statement that the Biden administration isn't going far enough to \"fully break from the harmful deportation policies of both the Trump and Obama presidencies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shah said the guidance would lead to \"continued disproportionate deportations of Black and Brown immigrants, including Muslims\" and that it contradicts the Biden administration's pledge to make sure that people seeking asylum are treated with dignity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new guidance directs ICE agents and officers to focus on non-citizens who recently crossed the border illegally, or who are deemed to be threats to national security or public safety. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidance defines a public safety threat as someone who has been convicted of an aggravated felony, such as murder and rape, or of actively participating in a criminal street gang. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Field officers have been instructed to seek preapproval from supervisors before making arrests of non-citizens convicted of other crimes, such as minor drug offenses, immigration offenses and driving under the influence. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In practice, that means ICE arrests would be limited largely to immigrants who have been convicted of felony offenses and are already detained in federal or state prisons. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not unusual for enforcement priorities at ICE to change from administration to administration – nor is it unusual for the changes to be controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='ice']The Obama administration instructed ICE to prioritize criminals for removal. Obama then faced criticism from immigrant advocates who decried the dramatic rise in deportations under his watch, as well as immigration hard-liners who said he shouldn't have set any priorities that tied agents' hands. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration guidelines are more restrictive – and facing the same range of criticism. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obama-era policies ... set a dangerous precedent for the non-enforcement of the immigration laws of the United States in the name of prioritizing scarce ICE resources,\" said Andrew Arthur, a former immigration judge who is now at the Center for Immigration Studies, a nonprofit in Washington that advocates for lower levels of immigration. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration's plan is \"much, much worse,\" Arthur \u003ca href=\"https://cis.org/Arthur/Biden-Limits-Immigration-Enforcement-Are-Much-Worse-Even-Obamas\">wrote in a blog post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homan, the former acting director of ICE, predicted that the new guidance would hurt morale at the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the union representing ICE agents has been silent on the new Biden guidance, the National ICE Council twice endorsed Trump for president and agents talked openly about feeling empowered during his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly before the Trump administration ended, the union signed an unusual labor agreement with ICE. According to a whistleblower complaint, the deal would have given the union extraordinary power to \"indefinitely delay\" changes to immigration enforcement policies that it doesn't like. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration said this week it is moving to scrap the deal. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+Tries+To+Rein+In+ICE%3A+New+Rules+Limit+Who+Immigration+Agents+Target+for+Arrest+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After four years of former President Donald Trump's immigration crackdown, the Biden administration on Thursday announced new guidelines that are expected to sharply limit arrests and deportations carried out by Immigration and Customs Enforcement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the guidance, ICE agents and officers have been told to prioritize threats to national security and public safety when deciding whom to arrest, detain and deport.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE officials said the guidance is intended to help the agency allocate its limited resources to cases the public cares about most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Like every law enforcement agency at the local, state, and federal level, we must prioritize our efforts to achieve the greatest security and safety impact,\" ICE acting Director Tae Johnson said in a statement. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidance to ICE agents is part of a broader effort by President Biden to roll back the previous administration's hard-line immigration policies. Also on Thursday, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/18/968989967/democrats-unveil-sweeping-immigration-bill\">congressional Democrats unveiled an immigration bill\u003c/a> – \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/inauguration-day-live-updates/2021/01/20/958626092/on-immigration-biden-goes-big-in-opening-bid-to-congress\">a plan that President Biden had proposed on his first day in office\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill includes a path to citizenship for the estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants living in the United States and a fast-track process for young \"Dreamer\" immigrants brought to the country illegally as children. The bill faces steep hurdles in a divided Congress. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changes at ICE also face pushback – from outside the agency and within. Immigration hawks complain that the new guidance will prevent ICE agents and officers from doing their jobs – in essence, abolishing ICE without actually abolishing it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The men and women of ICE, they took an oath to enforce immigration laws,\" said Thomas Homan, who served as acting ICE director under former President Trump. \"It's unfortunate they can't do the job. ... And it's unfortunate that many criminals are going to be walking the streets of America because this administration simply thinks they're not important enough to take off the streets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE is charged with enforcing the nation's immigration laws – including arresting and deporting people living in the country illegally. In many ways, its agents became the public face of Trump's immigration crackdown, spreading fear and confusion in immigrant communities. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new guidance also was greeted with criticism from some immigrant advocates. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naureen Shah, senior advocacy and policy counsel for the American Civil Liberties Union, said in a statement that the Biden administration isn't going far enough to \"fully break from the harmful deportation policies of both the Trump and Obama presidencies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shah said the guidance would lead to \"continued disproportionate deportations of Black and Brown immigrants, including Muslims\" and that it contradicts the Biden administration's pledge to make sure that people seeking asylum are treated with dignity. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new guidance directs ICE agents and officers to focus on non-citizens who recently crossed the border illegally, or who are deemed to be threats to national security or public safety. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The guidance defines a public safety threat as someone who has been convicted of an aggravated felony, such as murder and rape, or of actively participating in a criminal street gang. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Field officers have been instructed to seek preapproval from supervisors before making arrests of non-citizens convicted of other crimes, such as minor drug offenses, immigration offenses and driving under the influence. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In practice, that means ICE arrests would be limited largely to immigrants who have been convicted of felony offenses and are already detained in federal or state prisons. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not unusual for enforcement priorities at ICE to change from administration to administration – nor is it unusual for the changes to be controversial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The Obama administration instructed ICE to prioritize criminals for removal. Obama then faced criticism from immigrant advocates who decried the dramatic rise in deportations under his watch, as well as immigration hard-liners who said he shouldn't have set any priorities that tied agents' hands. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration guidelines are more restrictive – and facing the same range of criticism. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Obama-era policies ... set a dangerous precedent for the non-enforcement of the immigration laws of the United States in the name of prioritizing scarce ICE resources,\" said Andrew Arthur, a former immigration judge who is now at the Center for Immigration Studies, a nonprofit in Washington that advocates for lower levels of immigration. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration's plan is \"much, much worse,\" Arthur \u003ca href=\"https://cis.org/Arthur/Biden-Limits-Immigration-Enforcement-Are-Much-Worse-Even-Obamas\">wrote in a blog post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homan, the former acting director of ICE, predicted that the new guidance would hurt morale at the agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the union representing ICE agents has been silent on the new Biden guidance, the National ICE Council twice endorsed Trump for president and agents talked openly about feeling empowered during his administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly before the Trump administration ended, the union signed an unusual labor agreement with ICE. According to a whistleblower complaint, the deal would have given the union extraordinary power to \"indefinitely delay\" changes to immigration enforcement policies that it doesn't like. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration said this week it is moving to scrap the deal. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+Tries+To+Rein+In+ICE%3A+New+Rules+Limit+Who+Immigration+Agents+Target+for+Arrest+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Even as California has begun providing the COVID-19 vaccine to thousands of incarcerated people, advocates fear vulnerable detained immigrants are being forgotten, with neither federal nor state authorities seeming to take responsibility for this population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials maintain California is in charge of distributing the vaccine to immigrants held in facilities throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vaccines for detainees are being allocated by local and state health departments, and timelines vary based on availability and priorities within each state,” said Danielle Bennett, an ICE spokesperson, in a statement this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE has been working with state and local health departments to ensure that the ICE detainee population is included in state vaccination plans,” she added. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Hamid Yazdan Panah, advocacy director for Immigrant Defense Advocates\"]‘Not only have they not been vaccinating folks in ICE detention, but there seemingly does not appear to be a plan in place.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But until recently, California officials believed ICE was leading inoculation efforts for people in its custody, according to members of an advisory group tasked with helping public health officials distribute the vaccine equitably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think everyone prior to this week was under the assumption that it is federal property, so it was going to be up to the federal government,” said Orville Thomas, who sits on the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID-19/Community-Vaccine-Advisory-Committee.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Community Vaccine Advisory Committee\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s office did not return repeated requests for comment, and the California Department of Public Health referred questions to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Suggest you reach out to ICE for information,” a CDPH spokesperson told KQED in an email. “When we have additional information to share, we will loop back with you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration detention centers, like other congregate settings, pose a greater risk of COVID-19 infection, with one study estimating the mean case rate among ICE detainees was about \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2020/11/11/covid-ice-detainee-case-rate-higher-than-general-us-study/6220333002/\">13 times\u003c/a> higher than for the U.S. population overall during the first six months of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the coronavirus has swept through nearly all of the seven immigration detention facilities, infecting hundreds of detainees and dozens of staffers. In May, a 57-year-old Salvadoran man held at the Otay Mesa Detention Center, near San Diego, became the first person to die from COVID-19 in ICE custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are lives that are at greater risk considering what we know happens at these facilities,” said Thomas, who directs government affairs at the California Immigrant Policy Center in Sacramento. “So if the ball was dropped, it needs to get picked up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state initially prioritized people in congregate settings, including those incarcerated, for vaccine allocation. More than 8,700 state prison inmates — 9% of the total prison population — have received the first round of the vaccine, according to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it is unclear if any immigrant detainees in the state have been inoculated yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE and two private prison companies operating most of the detention facilities in California — the GEO Group and CoreCivic — declined to answer whether any detainees in their custody had received the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Issa Arnita, a spokesman with Management & Training Corp., which runs the Imperial Regional Detention Facility in Calexico, said while some staffers have received doses, the vaccine “has not yet reached detainees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Arnita said that the company would offer the vaccine to people held in its facilities once local authorities deliver it. [aside tag=\"ice, immigration, migration\" label=\"More Related Stories\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as we can get more vaccines from the health department, we will make them available to all staff and detainees,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates and lawyers representing ICE detainees in California said they didn’t know of anyone held at these facilities who had received the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, dozens of organizations renewed their calls for state officials to include immigrant detainees in their vaccination plans and disclose the details and timeline, sending a \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hl1OQfsm1vtz0bFw4K7hZixnEBvGW8NLmb9z3YWVIoM/edit?usp=sharing\">letter\u003c/a> to Governor Gavin Newsom and Dr. Tomás Aragón, the head of the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only have they not been vaccinating folks in ICE detention, but there seemingly does not appear to be a plan in place,” said Hamid Yazdan Panah, who directs advocacy for Immigrant Defense Advocates, one of the letter’s main signatories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently over 1,200 ICE detainees in California. The number of people held in immigration detention centers has plummeted during the pandemic to 14,200 nationwide — from 23,400 last June — in part because courts have ordered ICE to release vulnerable immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, nearly 9,000 people who were or are in ICE detention have tested positive for the virus so far, including hundreds in California, according to agency figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has argued in court recently that it has the right to protect people’s safety and health within its borders, even those who are in federal detention facilities. Yet with ICE declining responsibility, and California seeming to take no action, Yazdan Panah worries that immigrant detainees may not be able to receive the vaccine at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we want to see is California exercising [its] right and ensuring that individuals in these facilities are protected,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bureaucratic confusion comes as the state struggles with one of the slowest vaccine rollouts in the nation. One of the biggest problems is that the federal government hasn’t delivered enough doses to the state, said Kiran Savage-Sangwan, who directs the California Pan-Ethnic Health Network and also sits on the CDPH’s Community Vaccine Advisory Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the limited supply, California is trying to speed up delivery by shifting from a complex list of at-risk populations and essential workers, to a simpler age-based system, with those 65 and older first in line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That change, and the state’s lack of clarity around who is in charge of vaccinating immigrant detainees, may delay COVID-19 protections even longer for people held at ICE facilities, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope it gets resolved because it’s so important,” said Savage-Sangwan. “We really have seen major outbreaks in the detention centers and we have to, you know, not be playing hot potato with this issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Even as California has begun providing the COVID-19 vaccine to thousands of incarcerated people, advocates fear vulnerable detained immigrants are being forgotten, with neither federal nor state authorities seeming to take responsibility for this population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement officials maintain California is in charge of distributing the vaccine to immigrants held in facilities throughout the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Vaccines for detainees are being allocated by local and state health departments, and timelines vary based on availability and priorities within each state,” said Danielle Bennett, an ICE spokesperson, in a statement this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ICE has been working with state and local health departments to ensure that the ICE detainee population is included in state vaccination plans,” she added. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But until recently, California officials believed ICE was leading inoculation efforts for people in its custody, according to members of an advisory group tasked with helping public health officials distribute the vaccine equitably.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think everyone prior to this week was under the assumption that it is federal property, so it was going to be up to the federal government,” said Orville Thomas, who sits on the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/COVID-19/Community-Vaccine-Advisory-Committee.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Community Vaccine Advisory Committee\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s office did not return repeated requests for comment, and the California Department of Public Health referred questions to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Suggest you reach out to ICE for information,” a CDPH spokesperson told KQED in an email. “When we have additional information to share, we will loop back with you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration detention centers, like other congregate settings, pose a greater risk of COVID-19 infection, with one study estimating the mean case rate among ICE detainees was about \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/health/2020/11/11/covid-ice-detainee-case-rate-higher-than-general-us-study/6220333002/\">13 times\u003c/a> higher than for the U.S. population overall during the first six months of the pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the coronavirus has swept through nearly all of the seven immigration detention facilities, infecting hundreds of detainees and dozens of staffers. In May, a 57-year-old Salvadoran man held at the Otay Mesa Detention Center, near San Diego, became the first person to die from COVID-19 in ICE custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are lives that are at greater risk considering what we know happens at these facilities,” said Thomas, who directs government affairs at the California Immigrant Policy Center in Sacramento. “So if the ball was dropped, it needs to get picked up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state initially prioritized people in congregate settings, including those incarcerated, for vaccine allocation. More than 8,700 state prison inmates — 9% of the total prison population — have received the first round of the vaccine, according to the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it is unclear if any immigrant detainees in the state have been inoculated yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE and two private prison companies operating most of the detention facilities in California — the GEO Group and CoreCivic — declined to answer whether any detainees in their custody had received the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Issa Arnita, a spokesman with Management & Training Corp., which runs the Imperial Regional Detention Facility in Calexico, said while some staffers have received doses, the vaccine “has not yet reached detainees.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Arnita said that the company would offer the vaccine to people held in its facilities once local authorities deliver it. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As soon as we can get more vaccines from the health department, we will make them available to all staff and detainees,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advocates and lawyers representing ICE detainees in California said they didn’t know of anyone held at these facilities who had received the vaccine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, dozens of organizations renewed their calls for state officials to include immigrant detainees in their vaccination plans and disclose the details and timeline, sending a \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1hl1OQfsm1vtz0bFw4K7hZixnEBvGW8NLmb9z3YWVIoM/edit?usp=sharing\">letter\u003c/a> to Governor Gavin Newsom and Dr. Tomás Aragón, the head of the California Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not only have they not been vaccinating folks in ICE detention, but there seemingly does not appear to be a plan in place,” said Hamid Yazdan Panah, who directs advocacy for Immigrant Defense Advocates, one of the letter’s main signatories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are currently over 1,200 ICE detainees in California. The number of people held in immigration detention centers has plummeted during the pandemic to 14,200 nationwide — from 23,400 last June — in part because courts have ordered ICE to release vulnerable immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, nearly 9,000 people who were or are in ICE detention have tested positive for the virus so far, including hundreds in California, according to agency figures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has argued in court recently that it has the right to protect people’s safety and health within its borders, even those who are in federal detention facilities. Yet with ICE declining responsibility, and California seeming to take no action, Yazdan Panah worries that immigrant detainees may not be able to receive the vaccine at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we want to see is California exercising [its] right and ensuring that individuals in these facilities are protected,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bureaucratic confusion comes as the state struggles with one of the slowest vaccine rollouts in the nation. One of the biggest problems is that the federal government hasn’t delivered enough doses to the state, said Kiran Savage-Sangwan, who directs the California Pan-Ethnic Health Network and also sits on the CDPH’s Community Vaccine Advisory Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the limited supply, California is trying to speed up delivery by shifting from a complex list of at-risk populations and essential workers, to a simpler age-based system, with those 65 and older first in line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That change, and the state’s lack of clarity around who is in charge of vaccinating immigrant detainees, may delay COVID-19 protections even longer for people held at ICE facilities, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I hope it gets resolved because it’s so important,” said Savage-Sangwan. “We really have seen major outbreaks in the detention centers and we have to, you know, not be playing hot potato with this issue.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "'They Didn't Listen to Us': ICE Detainee Who Waged Hunger Strikes for COVID-19 Protections Gets Virus",
"title": "'They Didn't Listen to Us': ICE Detainee Who Waged Hunger Strikes for COVID-19 Protections Gets Virus",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11858607/no-nos-escucharon-se-contagia-de-covid-19-el-inmigrante-detenido-por-ice-que-realizo-una-huelga-de-hambre-en-favor-de-mas-protecciones-contra-la-pandemia\">\u003cem>Leer en español\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the beginning of January, Juan Jose Erazo Herrera found himself coughing up blood and having difficulty breathing. The 20-year-old asylum seeker, held by immigration authorities at a jail north of Sacramento, tested positive for COVID-19 on Jan. 7, a few days after his symptoms began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The diagnosis felt particularly stinging to Erazo Herrera. He had repeatedly called on officials with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Yuba County Jail to do more to prevent a coronavirus outbreak at the facility, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11835611/ice-detainees-at-yuba-jail-press-for-covid-19-protections\">waging hunger strikes\u003c/a> last year to protest what he believed were unsafe conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Juan Jose Erazo Herrera, ICE detainee at Yuba County Jail\"]'It’s not our fault we get sick when we can’t protect ourselves.'[/pullquote]“They didn’t listen to us,” Erazo Herrera said in Spanish. “And it’s really unfair. It’s not our fault we get sick when we can’t protect ourselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The coronavirus has spread rapidly at the Yuba County Jail, infecting about half of all the people currently locked up there. More than 120 county inmates and nine ICE detainees at the facility have tested positive for COVID-19 since last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guards isolated Erazo Herrera in a small, concrete cell with no windows for 12 days, he said. When he was first placed there, he said the conditions were squalid, with a filthy toilet, moldy walls and a bed covered in dust and other people’s hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not going to lie, when I first saw the cell, I started crying,” said Erazo Herrera, who is originally from El Salvador. “I tried to protest. It made me so sad to see how dirty it was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guards told him the unit was the only one available for quarantine, he said. He asked for cleaning products and wiped it down himself despite having a severe headache and shortness of breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the pandemic, a federal judge in San Francisco has been monitoring conditions at the jail, located in Marysville, and on Dec. 23 he ordered ICE take steps to protect detainees, including testing them at least weekly for the coronavirus, and ensuring cells are cleaned and disinfected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria intervened after immigrants held at Yuba County Jail and another facility in Bakersfield \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11832472/people-are-terrified-sf-judge-orders-covid-19-testing-at-ice-facility\">sued to force ICE to release detainees\u003c/a> in an effort to reduce the detained population and allow for social distancing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the cleaning requirement at Yuba County Jail isn’t being met, said Kelly Wells, an attorney with the San Francisco Public Defender’s immigration unit, who represents Erazo Herrera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We've heard consistently from every single detainee who has been moved since the order that they have arrived to filthy cells that clearly hadn't even been cleaned, much less disinfected,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11857142\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11857142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Yuba-County-Jail-Cells.jpg\" alt=\"Exterior doors of isolation cells at Yuba County Jail\" width=\"800\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Yuba-County-Jail-Cells.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Yuba-County-Jail-Cells-160x115.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">ICE detainees and other people incarcerated at Yuba County Jail can be placed in isolation in windowless 'safety cells' for days at a time. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Rosen Bien Galvan & Grunfeld LLP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman with the Yuba County Sheriff’s Office, which oversees the jail, referred questions to ICE. The immigration agency also declined to comment about the conditions of Erazo Herrera’s medical segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement cannot comment due to pending litigation,” said ICE spokesman Jonathan Moor in a statement. “However, a lack of comment should not be construed as an agreement with or stipulation to any allegations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 9,000 people have tested positive for COVID-19 while in ICE detention, according to agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus#detStat\">figures\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE detention centers must ensure that medical isolation is “operationally distinct” from any punitive form of housing, according to the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/coronavirus/eroCOVID19responseReqsCleanFacilities.pdf\">pandemic response requirements\u003c/a>. For instance, facilities must provide detainees with access to TV, recreation and books to the fullest extent possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But immigrants held at various detention centers, including private prisons and county jails, have reported that ICE is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11841120/ice-misusing-solitary-confinement-for-covid-19-quarantine-detainees-say\">misusing solitary confinement\u003c/a> for COVID-19 quarantine. Erazo Herrera said the 12-day quarantine he experienced felt like a punishment, and his mental health deteriorated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='immigration']He was kept in the cell alone, 22 hours per day, he said. For days, there was nothing for him to do to pass the time. The jail eventually allowed him to have books friends outside the jail sent him, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That cell is not for a human being, it’s like for keeping a dangerous animal locked up. There’s no TV, there’s nothing,” said Erazo Herrera. “You start feeling so depressed that you think about killing yourself. You wonder what you’ve done to deserve to be treated this way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was released from medical segregation last week and said he no longer feels severe COVID-19 symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since April, the ICE detainee population at Yuba County Jail has decreased from 144 to 16 people. Judge Chhabria ordered the agency to release more than 50 immigrants from the facility. Others were transferred, deported or released by ICE, which can free individuals after assessing their public safety and flight risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Wells said conditions are so miserable that some immigrants held at Yuba County Jail have given up and agreed to be deported after just one month in detention. But Erazo Herrera has endured three years at the jail as he waits for his asylum case to be decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Juan Jose has not agreed to deportation because he really is in a dire situation,” said Wells. “In addition to the abuse that he suffered by his mother, he was also repeatedly beaten by gang members and threatened with death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erazo Herrera fled El Salvador and crossed the U.S. border without a parent when he was 16. Officials with the Office of Refugee Resettlement, the agency responsible for caring for unaccompanied migrant minors, took him into custody and subsequently released him to an older brother in New York, said Wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Erazo Herrera was involved in a robbery, for which he served time at a juvenile facility. When he turned 18, ICE detained him and sent him to the Yuba jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11857138\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11857138\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Herrera-Snow.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"821\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Herrera-Snow.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Herrera-Snow-800x547.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Herrera-Snow-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Herrera-Snow-160x109.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Juan Jose Erazo Herrera plays in the snow in New York, where he lived with his brother before his involvement in a robbery led him to be detained by ICE. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Juan Jose Erazo Herrera)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The crime wass a mistake Erazo Herrera said he frequently regrets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve paid for it. I haven’t been free since I was 16,” he said. “I just want an opportunity to show that I am different, that I’ve learned a lot while locked up here. I’m not the same kid I was then.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, a judge in Yuba County Superior Court granted Erazo Herrera special immigrant juvenile status, reserved for undocumented immigrants under age 21 who were abused by a parent, and for whom returning to their home country is not in their best interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The classification is not enough for ICE to release him from detention, said Wells, but it opens the door for him to apply for a green card. Still, that may take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erazo Herrera hopes that when he can eventually leave the detention center, he’ll have a chance go to school, work, and one day start an organization that supports young undocumented migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d like to help other kids who’ve gone through similar circumstances as me,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guards told him the unit was the only one available for quarantine, he said. He asked for cleaning products and wiped it down himself despite having a severe headache and shortness of breath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the pandemic, a federal judge in San Francisco has been monitoring conditions at the jail, located in Marysville, and on Dec. 23 he ordered ICE take steps to protect detainees, including testing them at least weekly for the coronavirus, and ensuring cells are cleaned and disinfected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria intervened after immigrants held at Yuba County Jail and another facility in Bakersfield \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11832472/people-are-terrified-sf-judge-orders-covid-19-testing-at-ice-facility\">sued to force ICE to release detainees\u003c/a> in an effort to reduce the detained population and allow for social distancing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the cleaning requirement at Yuba County Jail isn’t being met, said Kelly Wells, an attorney with the San Francisco Public Defender’s immigration unit, who represents Erazo Herrera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We've heard consistently from every single detainee who has been moved since the order that they have arrived to filthy cells that clearly hadn't even been cleaned, much less disinfected,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11857142\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11857142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Yuba-County-Jail-Cells.jpg\" alt=\"Exterior doors of isolation cells at Yuba County Jail\" width=\"800\" height=\"577\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Yuba-County-Jail-Cells.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Yuba-County-Jail-Cells-160x115.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">ICE detainees and other people incarcerated at Yuba County Jail can be placed in isolation in windowless 'safety cells' for days at a time. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Rosen Bien Galvan & Grunfeld LLP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman with the Yuba County Sheriff’s Office, which oversees the jail, referred questions to ICE. The immigration agency also declined to comment about the conditions of Erazo Herrera’s medical segregation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement cannot comment due to pending litigation,” said ICE spokesman Jonathan Moor in a statement. “However, a lack of comment should not be construed as an agreement with or stipulation to any allegations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 9,000 people have tested positive for COVID-19 while in ICE detention, according to agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus#detStat\">figures\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE detention centers must ensure that medical isolation is “operationally distinct” from any punitive form of housing, according to the agency’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/doclib/coronavirus/eroCOVID19responseReqsCleanFacilities.pdf\">pandemic response requirements\u003c/a>. For instance, facilities must provide detainees with access to TV, recreation and books to the fullest extent possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But immigrants held at various detention centers, including private prisons and county jails, have reported that ICE is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11841120/ice-misusing-solitary-confinement-for-covid-19-quarantine-detainees-say\">misusing solitary confinement\u003c/a> for COVID-19 quarantine. Erazo Herrera said the 12-day quarantine he experienced felt like a punishment, and his mental health deteriorated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>He was kept in the cell alone, 22 hours per day, he said. For days, there was nothing for him to do to pass the time. The jail eventually allowed him to have books friends outside the jail sent him, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That cell is not for a human being, it’s like for keeping a dangerous animal locked up. There’s no TV, there’s nothing,” said Erazo Herrera. “You start feeling so depressed that you think about killing yourself. You wonder what you’ve done to deserve to be treated this way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was released from medical segregation last week and said he no longer feels severe COVID-19 symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since April, the ICE detainee population at Yuba County Jail has decreased from 144 to 16 people. Judge Chhabria ordered the agency to release more than 50 immigrants from the facility. Others were transferred, deported or released by ICE, which can free individuals after assessing their public safety and flight risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Wells said conditions are so miserable that some immigrants held at Yuba County Jail have given up and agreed to be deported after just one month in detention. But Erazo Herrera has endured three years at the jail as he waits for his asylum case to be decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Juan Jose has not agreed to deportation because he really is in a dire situation,” said Wells. “In addition to the abuse that he suffered by his mother, he was also repeatedly beaten by gang members and threatened with death.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erazo Herrera fled El Salvador and crossed the U.S. border without a parent when he was 16. Officials with the Office of Refugee Resettlement, the agency responsible for caring for unaccompanied migrant minors, took him into custody and subsequently released him to an older brother in New York, said Wells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Erazo Herrera was involved in a robbery, for which he served time at a juvenile facility. When he turned 18, ICE detained him and sent him to the Yuba jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11857138\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1200px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11857138\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Herrera-Snow.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1200\" height=\"821\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Herrera-Snow.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Herrera-Snow-800x547.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Herrera-Snow-1020x698.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/01/Herrera-Snow-160x109.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Juan Jose Erazo Herrera plays in the snow in New York, where he lived with his brother before his involvement in a robbery led him to be detained by ICE. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Juan Jose Erazo Herrera)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The crime wass a mistake Erazo Herrera said he frequently regrets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve paid for it. I haven’t been free since I was 16,” he said. “I just want an opportunity to show that I am different, that I’ve learned a lot while locked up here. I’m not the same kid I was then.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, a judge in Yuba County Superior Court granted Erazo Herrera special immigrant juvenile status, reserved for undocumented immigrants under age 21 who were abused by a parent, and for whom returning to their home country is not in their best interest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The classification is not enough for ICE to release him from detention, said Wells, but it opens the door for him to apply for a green card. Still, that may take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Erazo Herrera hopes that when he can eventually leave the detention center, he’ll have a chance go to school, work, and one day start an organization that supports young undocumented migrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d like to help other kids who’ve gone through similar circumstances as me,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Immigrant Advocates Sound Alarm Over Escalating COVID-19 Outbreak in Yuba County Jail",
"title": "Immigrant Advocates Sound Alarm Over Escalating COVID-19 Outbreak in Yuba County Jail",
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"content": "\u003cp>Immigrant advocates say a growing outbreak of COVID-19 at the Yuba County Jail is putting the people held there at risk, including some who are medically vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 16,\u003ca href=\"https://sheriff.co.yuba.ca.us/Documents/Jail/20201216%20COVID19%20Cases%20at%20Yuba%20County%20Jail.pdf\"> Yuba County Jail officials\u003c/a> closed the facility to visits after they identified seven confirmed cases. Since then, according to attorneys, the number of people infected has increased to 78, which is more than 30% of the total jail population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the majority of people housed at the Yuba County Jail are in county custody, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detainees are held there as well. In April, the San Francisco Public Defender's office filed a class-action lawsuit on behalf of ICE detainees at the Yuba jail and the Mesa Verde detention facility in Bakersfield, citing dangerous conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"immigration\" label=\"more coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katie Kavanagh, a senior attorney for the San Francisco-based California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice, says she spoke with two detainees who have tested positive for COVID-19. Kavanagh says they described \"disgusting conditions,\" including \"trash, gum, fingernails and excrement,\" and reported using a bathroom shared by those with and without COVID-19 that is \"not cleaned between uses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the summer, ICE detainees inside the facility \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11835611/ice-detainees-at-yuba-jail-press-for-covid-19-protections\">went on a hunger strike\u003c/a> for five days to draw attention to the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria, who's presiding over the case, ruled that lawyers could apply for the release of ICE detainees on a case-by-case basis. He also ordered in June that ICE and the jail take precautions such as keeping detainees out of the older, more crowded side of the jail and isolating COVID-19 symptomatic people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But immigrant advocates say those protections have begun to erode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We saw detainees starting to be moved back into the old side of the jail, and later on [housed] two to a cell,\" said Kelly Engel Wells, a San Francisco deputy public defender. \"We received reports of symptomatic individuals who were not being isolated and tested as the protocol required. And that just set up the perfect storm for the first positive case that happened about two weeks ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Kelly Engel Wells, SF deputy public defender']'We received reports of symptomatic individuals who were not being isolated and tested as the protocol required. And that just set up the perfect storm for the first positive case that happened about two weeks ago.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanagh estimates the jail currently houses around 20 ICE detainees out of the total 235 people held there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is her client Ruperto Robles, 59, who's been detained in the facility since November 2019. Originally from Mexico, he has lived in the United States with a green card for 30 years, Kavanagh said, but was transferred to ICE for deportation after some contact with law enforcement. Robles contracted COVID-19 at Yuba, and is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html\">considered medically vulnerable\u003c/a> due to a history of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was considered so high risk in terms of COVID that he has been held in isolation for most of the pandemic, which has been really harmful to his mental health,\" Kavanagh said. \"And despite claiming that they were isolating him to protect him, he was moved within the jail to four different locations within the past two weeks, including into locations where people were later testing positive for COVID and removed out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852766\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11852766 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969.jpg\" alt='\"\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1377\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969-800x574.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969-1020x732.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969-1536x1102.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ruperto Robles, pictured here in an old family photo. Robles is asking to be released from ICE custody while he recovers from COVID-19. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Katie Kavanagh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Speaking through an interpreter, Robles told KQED he had been feeling healthy until he was transferred around the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanagh also said she and Robles received conflicting information about whether or not he had COVID-19, something that only came to light as part of the class-action lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Two days ago, at night, they told class counsel that Ruperto was positive for COVID. In the morning, they said, 'Never mind, he's not positive.' And then two hours later, on the status conference, they said, 'oops, never mind. He is positive,'\" she said. \"So what we're seeing is just a very high level of incompetence and disregard for human life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanagh has filed a request for Robles to be released to a hotel room where he can recover from the virus and isolate while his case is decided by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. An immigrant rights group, NorCal Resist, has committed to pay for the hotel room and provide Robles with post-release support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robles said he would feel safer in a hotel room, and his health would more likely improve if he was removed from the jail outbreak. [ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the lawsuit, the San Francisco Public Defender's Office filed a new motion for a temporary restraining order Wednesday, asking that Chhabria mandate additional safety protocols inside the facility, including providing weekly testing, individually isolating all symptomatic individuals and releasing people from custody, especially those who are medically vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're now 10 months in and we have the first positive case — which actually is quite lucky that this has taken this long — and yet it still seems to have caught Yuba County officials by surprise. They seem to have had absolutely no plan,\" Wells said. \"That's one of the most frustrating things, is that all of this could really have been avoided if basic precautions had been in place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yuba County Jail officials did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for ICE said he could not comment on the outbreak at Yuba due to pending litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the full filing here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://embed.documentcloud.org/documents/20437241-911-motion-for-tro/?embed=1&title=1\" title=\"911 Motion for TRO (Hosted by DocumentCloud)\" width=\"700\" height=\"905\" style=\"border: 1px solid #aaa;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-forms\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Immigrant advocates say a growing outbreak of COVID-19 at the Yuba County Jail is putting the people held there at risk, including some who are medically vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 16,\u003ca href=\"https://sheriff.co.yuba.ca.us/Documents/Jail/20201216%20COVID19%20Cases%20at%20Yuba%20County%20Jail.pdf\"> Yuba County Jail officials\u003c/a> closed the facility to visits after they identified seven confirmed cases. Since then, according to attorneys, the number of people infected has increased to 78, which is more than 30% of the total jail population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the majority of people housed at the Yuba County Jail are in county custody, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement detainees are held there as well. In April, the San Francisco Public Defender's office filed a class-action lawsuit on behalf of ICE detainees at the Yuba jail and the Mesa Verde detention facility in Bakersfield, citing dangerous conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katie Kavanagh, a senior attorney for the San Francisco-based California Collaborative for Immigrant Justice, says she spoke with two detainees who have tested positive for COVID-19. Kavanagh says they described \"disgusting conditions,\" including \"trash, gum, fingernails and excrement,\" and reported using a bathroom shared by those with and without COVID-19 that is \"not cleaned between uses.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the summer, ICE detainees inside the facility \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11835611/ice-detainees-at-yuba-jail-press-for-covid-19-protections\">went on a hunger strike\u003c/a> for five days to draw attention to the situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria, who's presiding over the case, ruled that lawyers could apply for the release of ICE detainees on a case-by-case basis. He also ordered in June that ICE and the jail take precautions such as keeping detainees out of the older, more crowded side of the jail and isolating COVID-19 symptomatic people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But immigrant advocates say those protections have begun to erode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We saw detainees starting to be moved back into the old side of the jail, and later on [housed] two to a cell,\" said Kelly Engel Wells, a San Francisco deputy public defender. \"We received reports of symptomatic individuals who were not being isolated and tested as the protocol required. And that just set up the perfect storm for the first positive case that happened about two weeks ago.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanagh estimates the jail currently houses around 20 ICE detainees out of the total 235 people held there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is her client Ruperto Robles, 59, who's been detained in the facility since November 2019. Originally from Mexico, he has lived in the United States with a green card for 30 years, Kavanagh said, but was transferred to ICE for deportation after some contact with law enforcement. Robles contracted COVID-19 at Yuba, and is \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/people-with-medical-conditions.html\">considered medically vulnerable\u003c/a> due to a history of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was considered so high risk in terms of COVID that he has been held in isolation for most of the pandemic, which has been really harmful to his mental health,\" Kavanagh said. \"And despite claiming that they were isolating him to protect him, he was moved within the jail to four different locations within the past two weeks, including into locations where people were later testing positive for COVID and removed out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11852766\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11852766 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969.jpg\" alt='\"\"' width=\"1920\" height=\"1377\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969-800x574.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969-1020x732.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969-160x115.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0038-e1608774224969-1536x1102.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ruperto Robles, pictured here in an old family photo. Robles is asking to be released from ICE custody while he recovers from COVID-19. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Katie Kavanagh)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Speaking through an interpreter, Robles told KQED he had been feeling healthy until he was transferred around the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanagh also said she and Robles received conflicting information about whether or not he had COVID-19, something that only came to light as part of the class-action lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Two days ago, at night, they told class counsel that Ruperto was positive for COVID. In the morning, they said, 'Never mind, he's not positive.' And then two hours later, on the status conference, they said, 'oops, never mind. He is positive,'\" she said. \"So what we're seeing is just a very high level of incompetence and disregard for human life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kavanagh has filed a request for Robles to be released to a hotel room where he can recover from the virus and isolate while his case is decided by the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals. An immigrant rights group, NorCal Resist, has committed to pay for the hotel room and provide Robles with post-release support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robles said he would feel safer in a hotel room, and his health would more likely improve if he was removed from the jail outbreak. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of the lawsuit, the San Francisco Public Defender's Office filed a new motion for a temporary restraining order Wednesday, asking that Chhabria mandate additional safety protocols inside the facility, including providing weekly testing, individually isolating all symptomatic individuals and releasing people from custody, especially those who are medically vulnerable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're now 10 months in and we have the first positive case — which actually is quite lucky that this has taken this long — and yet it still seems to have caught Yuba County officials by surprise. They seem to have had absolutely no plan,\" Wells said. \"That's one of the most frustrating things, is that all of this could really have been avoided if basic precautions had been in place.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yuba County Jail officials did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokesman for ICE said he could not comment on the outbreak at Yuba due to pending litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Read the full filing here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://embed.documentcloud.org/documents/20437241-911-motion-for-tro/?embed=1&title=1\" title=\"911 Motion for TRO (Hosted by DocumentCloud)\" width=\"700\" height=\"905\" style=\"border: 1px solid #aaa;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-forms\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "una-mariposa-con-las-alas-rotas-la-busqueda-de-una-solicitante-de-asilo-transgenera-para-llegar-a-california",
"title": "‘Una mariposa con las alas rotas’: La búsqueda de una solicitante de asilo transgénera para llegar a California",
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"headTitle": "‘Una mariposa con las alas rotas’: La búsqueda de una solicitante de asilo transgénera para llegar a California | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11844742/a-butterfly-with-my-wings-cut-off-a-transgender-asylum-seekers-quest-to-come-to-california\">\u003cem>Read in English\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nota de editorx: Pese a que la Real Academia Española (RAE) específica el uso del término transgénero para describir y abarcar todas las experiencias trans dentro del arco de la identidad de género, hemos decidido utilizar la palabra transgénera con la intención de usar un término que mejor corresponda a las experiencias e identidad de Luna.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando cumplió 15 años, como tantas chicas en su pueblo en Guatemala, Luna Guzmán celebró con una quinceañera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me prestaron el vestido de una compañera porque yo lloraba. Cada vez que íbamos a la escuela teníamos que pasar en frente de una tienda donde habían vestidos de novia y de quinceañera”, dijo Luna. “Yo siempre me quedaba viendo, hasta tocaba el vidrio”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El vestido que pidió prestado era de color turquesa, con una falda larga. Se quitó sus zapatos tenis, se puso los tacones y una tiara y empezó a bailar con sus amigos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Había un pastel, botellas de champán y chambelanes, chicos que se vistieron en trajes para acompañarla a la fiesta secreta en casa de un amigo. Ninguno de sus parientes estaba allí porque no podían imaginar a Luna como una niña transgénera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Luna Guzmán\"]‘La maestra siempre hablaba con mi mamá. Le decía, ‘¿Oye por qué no puedes cambiar a tu hijo? ¿No los puedes llevar con un psicólogo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psiquiatra? Hace ver mal a mi escuela’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instantes de esa fiesta de cumpleaños perduran en la memoria de Luna como un tiempo en su vida en el cual sintió verdaderamente el placer y la libertad. Era algo para saborear una y otra vez conforme iniciaba la década siguiente, cuando vestía camisetas de fútbol y trataba de parecerse al chico que sabía no llevaba por dentro. Mientras lidiaba con una violencia brutal, decidió tomar el tremendo riesgo de dejar atrás todo en Guatemala y tratar de encontrar una nueva vida en California. Las memorias eran un lugar en donde ella podía imaginarse a salvo, siendo ella misma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conocimos a Luna en un refugio para migrantes en Tijuana dos años atrás y desde entonces nos hemos mantenido en contacto con ella, durante su viaje por la frontera, donde pasó meses detenida por el Servicio de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas (ICE por sus siglas en inglés), y su búsqueda por el amparo en México. Pasamos semanas tratando desesperadamente de localizarla en una unidad de cuidados intensivos después de que ella dejara un mensaje de voz en el que había sido diagnosticada con un caso severo de COVID-19. “Gracias por contar mi historia”, dijo con voz ronca y entrecortada, apenas se reconocía su voz . “Gracias por todo. Por contar mi historia. Si muero, ojalá que la gente un día se acuerde de mí”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-aYksXNNUA\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘¿No puedes cambiar a tu hijo?’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Luna creció en las afueras de una pequeña ciudad en el área central de Guatemala, en una casa construida por palos y periódicos. Su madre vendía papas fritas en un carrito de comida y Luna ayudó a cuidar a sus tres hermanos, uno de ellos con discapacidades del desarrollo. Su padre no formó parte de su vida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna contó que era una voraz lectora, pasando horas en la biblioteca de su ciudad. En la escuela jugaba a disfrazarse con otras chicas. Luna se transformaba en una mariposa, sus alas estaban hechas de pedazos de cartón que encontraba en las calles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“La maestra siempre hablaba con mi mamá. Le decía, ‘¿Oye por qué no puedes cambiar a tu hijo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psicólogo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psiquiatra? Hace ver mal a mi escuela”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que su madre la defendió al principio. Cuando confesó ser gay a los 14 años, su mamá brindó con una copa de agua de jamaica. Pero a medida que Luna crecía, su madre desaprobaba los vestidos y los tacones. Su hijo, ¿vistiéndose como una mujer? Para ella, eso iba en contra de la naturaleza. Entonces Luna volvió a vestir con camisetas de fútbol y pantalones cortos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Esos desprecios ahora los entiendo”, dijo Luna. “Ella tal vez quería protegerme”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849344\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849344 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"A lo largo de su vida, Luna Guzmán ha luchado para ser aceptada como mujer transgénera. Ella ha dicho que ha sido víctima de violencia brutal cuando demuestra su verdadera identidad de género como mujer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"613\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1536x1177.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2.jpg 1856w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lo largo de su vida, Luna Guzmán ha luchado para ser aceptada como mujer transgénera. Ella ha dicho que ha sido víctima de violencia brutal cuando demuestra su verdadera identidad de género como mujer. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Octubre de 2007\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A los 13 años, justo en la cúspide de su adolescencia, Luna fue violada por un hombre mayor que era su vecino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“En un principio decía ¿por qué a mí? Explícame ¿por qué a mí? Si hay alguien ahí arriba por qué no me explicas”, suspiró Luna. “Pero nunca obtuve esa respuesta. Nunca la obtuve. Hasta hoy en día nunca la he tenido.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna contó que poco después fue forzada a integrar una red de tráfico de personas y labor sexual. Algunos hombres de mucho poder en su pueblo la obligaron a entrar a una red de tráfico de personas. ¿Los clientes? Hombres mayores que pagaban cientos de dólares estadounidenses para dormir con niños pequeños y niñas transgénera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El tráfico de personas y la explotación sexual están desenfrenados en Guatemala, y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas ha denunciado el alarmante número de menores de edad forzados a ingresar a redes de tráfico debido a la pobreza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero no había nadie que la ayudara. Los proxenetas, según Luna, tenían vínculos con la policía y los principales funcionarios públicos de la ciudad. “Si alguien intentaba denunciarlos o presentar una denuncia, lo tiraban a la basura”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muchos menores de edad en la red de tráfico de personas estaban infectados con enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Cuando tenía 16 años, Luna descubrió que era portadora del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, conocido también como VIH. El acoso de la gente se intensificó en una ciudad donde ya se le había arrojado piedras y manifestado que se mantuviera alejada de los niños. Luna recuerda que, una vez, algunas personas la golpearon con tanta fuerza que le rompieron la clavícula y le dijeron que se comportara como un “hombre de verdad”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mi pueblo es tan pequeño. No hay información sobre orientación sexual, sobre VIH”, dijo Luna. “No hay información de nada. Es muy cerrado (de mente)”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando cumplío 19 años, Luna cuenta que todavía la obligaban ocasionalmente a trabajar en la red de tráfico sexual. Al llegar a la edad adulta, comenzó a dar algunos pasos para recuperar el control de su vida. Se inscribió en un curso para convertirse en una bombero voluntaria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849342\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849342 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán worked as a fire fighter in her home town. She said she left the department after experiencing harassment and homophobic threats.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán trabajó como bombera en su pueblo natal. Ella dice que abandonó la cuadrilla luego de sufrir acoso y amenazas homofóbicas. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2014\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna se graduó del programa de bomberos. Se sentía valerosa al rescatar personas de accidentes automovilísticos y apagar edificios en llamas. Pero luego, los otros bomberos descubrieron que era portadora del VIH y comenzaron a burlarse de ella con insultos homofóbicos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soñó entonces con una salida y puso su mirada en California. Había visto vídeos del enorme desfile del orgullo LGBTQ en San Francisco. Sabía que en California no podría ser despedida o desalojada por ser transgénera, tendría derecho a obtener una identificación con el nombre que deseaba y a usar el baño que coincida con su género. También esperaba poder ganar lo suficiente dinero para pagar su transición.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dejó a su familia, el departamento de bomberos, los vecinos y los proxenetas. Tenía 22 años.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Se subió al famoso tren que los migrantes llaman La Bestia, que viaja de la frontera sur a la frontera norte de México. No usó vestidos en el viaje. Como ha hecho durante la mayor parte de su vida, mantuvo su cabello corto y usó camisetas y pantalones cortos de hombre por seguridad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849343\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 694px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849343 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán rides a train heading from Guatemala through Mexico in 2017. She travelled with several other LGBTQ migrants and said that at one point they were attacked by men armed with machetes.\" width=\"694\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg 694w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán montada en un tren, el cual la llevaría de Guatemala a México en 2017. Viajó con otros migrantes LGBTQ y dijo que una vez fueron atacados por hombres armados con machetes. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Cruzando la Frontera Sin Un Respaldo Seguro\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agosto de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando Luna llegó al cruce fronterizo entre Estados Unidos y México en Otay Mesa, cerca de San Diego, le dijo a un oficial que estaba huyendo de la violencia homofóbica en Guatemala y que estaba pidiendo asilo. Sin embargo, sus esperanzas de sentirse protegida se desvanecieron al cruzar a Estados Unidos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me entraron a unas oficinas. Y como a los 30 minutos me arrestaron en unas cadenas en las manos, en los pies, en la cintura”, dijo Luna. “Aquí te tratan como un criminal, solamente por eso. Se siente bien feo, te sientes como un zero a la izquierda”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los agentes fronterizos no determinan las solicitudes de asilo—eso sucede más tarde—pero son responsables de la transferencia de los detenidos en custodia de ICE, donde eventualmente hablan con un oficial encargado de procesar una petición de asilo. Sin embargo, los funcionarios fronterizos no marcaron la casilla en el formulario de admisión de Luna que indica que se identificó como LGBTQ, ni la casilla que indica que podría correr un mayor riesgo de abuso sexual durante su detención.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846822\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846822 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png\" alt=\"U.S. Customs and Border Patrol “Detainee Assessment” form dated 8/9/2017. Although Luna Guzmán clearly told officials she feared homophobic violence, they did not check the box noting that she identified as LGBTQ.\" width=\"800\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-1020x624.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-160x98.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot.png 1428w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Un formulario titulado ‘Evaluación del detenido’ de la Oficina de Aduanas y Protección Fronteriza, con la fecha 9 de agosto, de 2017. Pese a que Luna Guzmán claramente le explicó a los oficiales que ella había sido un blanco de violencia homofóbica, ellos no marcaron la casilla para identificar a Luna como alguien LGBTQ. \u003ccite>(Solicitud de información bajo la Ley por la Libertad de la Información)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fue entonces cuando las cosas empezaron a complicarse. ICE finalmente le asignó a Luna una cama en la unidad de hombres s en el centro de detención de Otay Mesa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diez días después de que llegó a la frontera pidiendo ayuda, un oficial del Servicio y Ciudadanía de los Estados Unidos realizó una entrevista de “miedo creíble”. Fue entonces cuando Luna dijo que a veces también se vestía como mujer. El oficial denominó su historia como verídica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Semanas más tarde, una organización latina que apoya a las personas trangénero con sede cerca de Los Ángeles llamada Las Crisantemas envió una carta de apoyo a la corte de inmigración reconociendo a Luna como una mujer trans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sin embargo, Luna nunca fue trasladada a una unidad de detención para mujeres transgénera, a pesar de que en 2015 ICE había acordado mejorar los estándares para las detenidas transgénera, incluido el acceso a unidades separadas de la población en general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Luna Guzmán\"]‘Aquí te tratan como un criminal, solamente por eso. Se siente bien feo, te sientes como un zero a la izquierda’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No la pusieron bajo la custodia protectora que requieren sus propios estándares”, dijo Allegra Love, abogada del Santa Fe Dreamers Project, quien ha representado a cientos de mujeres transgénera detenidas en los últimos años. Ella nunca fue la abogada de Luna, pero le pedimos que revisara su caso luego de que KQED demandó a ICE para obtener sus registros de inmigración.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Si alguien les dice: ‘oye, mira, soy trans, tengo disforia de género. No soy del género que crees que soy’, entonces el gobierno tiene esta responsabilidad consentida por su propia mano de tomar eso en serio y proteger a las personas de un mayor peligro”, dijo Love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna pasó meses en la unidad de hombres antes de que su caso de asilo pudiera ser escuchado por completo, meses en los que dijo que los otros detenidos la acosaban y menospreciaban repetidamente.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846829\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846829 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Varias rejas de seguridad rodean el centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa, ubicado al este de San Diego, donde Luna Guzmán fue detenida por ocho meses mientras esperaba presentar su solicitud para recibir asilo.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Varias rejas de seguridad rodean el centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa, ubicado al este de San Diego, donde Luna Guzmán fue detenida por ocho meses mientras esperaba presentar su solicitud para recibir asilo. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Tribunal de inmigración aplazado, largos meses detenida\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna compareció ante la jueza de inmigración Olga Attia, asignada para la corte de inmgiración en 2017 por el entonces fiscal general Jeff Sessions. A Luna se le asignó un intérprete, pero ningún abogado. Si hubiera querido uno, habría tenido que encontrarlo y pagarlo por su propia cuenta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En las grabaciones de audio de las audiencias en la corte de inmigración, Luna le dijo a la jueza que estaba preocupada de estar detenida durante tanto tiempo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es que no siempre me dan la medicina que necesito para la enfermedad crónica que yo sufro”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Desafortunadamente, no tengo jurisdicción sobre tales asuntos,” le dijo Attia. “Debe informar a los oficiales de detención de esto”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna estuvo detenida durante cinco meses antes de poder presentar oficialmente su solicitud de asilo a la jueza Attia. Luego, la jueza le informó que no había citas disponibles para conocer la profundidad de su caso hasta otros cinco meses más.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Febrero de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de seis meses detenida, Luna era elegible para salir bajo fianza. Los abogados de ICE no se opusieron puesto que ella no tenía antecedentes penales. La jueza fijó la fianza en 4,500 dólares, sin embargo, como muchos solicitantes de asilo, Luna no tenía forma de pagar esa cantidad de dinero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A mí me hace daño psicológicamente. Yo nunca he estado detenida, su señoría”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incapaz de tolerar su detención en una unidad de hombres, Luna realizó algo que jamás pensó que podría. Renunció a su caso de asilo y pidió ser deportada de inmediato.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Voy a cumplir 8 meses de estar detenida en el centro de detención”, dijo Luna a través de un intérprete. “Me siento sola. No tengo palabras para explicarle, su señoría”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incluso cuando Attia aceptó el retiro de la solicitud de asilo, no estaba claro que la jueza entendía que Luna era transgénera. Después de que el intérprete explicó que Luna se refería a sí misma con el pronombre femenino, Attia siguió llamando a Luna “señor”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sólo puedo imaginar la pérdida de esperanza que alguien experimenta cuando huye de un país donde la razón por la que su vida está en peligro es porque sus instituciones se niegan a reconocer quiénes son”, dijo Love, la abogada que ha representado a decenas de personas trans detenidas provenientes de Centroamérica. “Luego llegar con un sentimiento de esperanza a un lugar donde creen que van a recibir un trato diferente, y luego que los agentes del orden y los jueces, oficiales de la corte, los rechacen inmediatamente también”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Si Luna hubiera decidido permanecer detenida y continuar con su solicitud de asilo, las probabilidades estaban en su contra especialmente sin un abogado. Durante el último año de la administración de Barack Obama, se denegó el 55 por ciento de todas las peticiones de asilo. Bajo la administración de Donald Trump, esas cifras subieron a un récord del 72 por ciento en 2020, según datos del proyecto TRAC de la Universidad de Syracuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Para los solicitantes de asilo de Guatemala, la tasa es aún mayor: el 85.8 por ciento de esas solicitudes son rechazadas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abril de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En el avión chárter de ICE para transportar a Luna y otros detenidos de regreso a Guatemala, ella recuerda que tuvo un ataque de pánico, temblaba tanto que apenas podía caminar sobre la pista cuando aterrizó en Ciudad de Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo también que fue a quedarse con su hermana, quien se había casado con un cristiano evangélico. Sin embargo, después de unos días, su hermana le dio algo de dinero y le pidió que se marchara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No tienes un hogar conmigo como una hermana”, recordó Luna que su hermana le dijo. “Solo como un hermano”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna se fue de Guatemala y poco a poco regresó a la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México, con la esperanza de encontrar un camino de regreso a California. Conocimos a Luna mientras se hospedaba en Casa del Migrante, un refugio para migrantes en Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Luna Guzmán\"]“Soy una mujer transgénera, pero no toda mi vida voy a vivir vestido como un niño. Yo quiero que el día de mañana todas las personas que me conocen digan , ‘Luna. Triunfó. Luna luchó por sus sueños y los alcanzó”.[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que estaba tratando de seguir adelante como lavaplatos en un restaurante donde el dueño hacía comentarios homofóbicos. También luchaba por encontrar una clínica donde obtener su medicamento contra el VIH sin una identificación mexicana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Las suelas de sus zapatos se estaban desgastando y vestía una camiseta de fútbol, su cabello era muy corto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Soy una mujer transgénera, pero no toda mi vida voy a vivir vestido como un niño. Yo quiero que el día de mañana todas las personas que me conocen digan , ‘Luna. Triunfo. Luna luchó por sus sueños y los alcanzó”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846832\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846832 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt='Luna Guzmán posa enfrente de un mural en Tijuana. Cuando era pequeña, ella se disfrazaba como una mariposa. Mientras estaba detenida, dijo que se sentía como \"una mariposa con las alas rotas\".' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán posa enfrente de un mural en Tijuana. Cuando era pequeña, ella se disfrazaba como una mariposa. Mientras estaba detenida, dijo que se sentía como “una mariposa con las alas rotas”. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Un mes después, Luna mandó un mensaje vía WhatsApp para decir que sabía que su sueño de venir a California probablemente terminó porque había renunciado a su solicitud de asilo el año anterior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero luego, unas semanas más tarde, envió un vídeo suyo, de pie, en un lugar con mucho viento, y con el muro fronterizo detrás de ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“¡Mira!” exclamó Luna. “¡Crucé! Te veré en San Francisco, junto al puente Golden Gate para tomar un café”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WhatsApp se mantuvo en silencio durante semanas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Febrero de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recibimos finalmente una llamada que debimos pagar del centro de detención de Otay Mesa. Luna dijo a través de la línea telefónica desafinada que estaba en la misma celda y en la misma cama en la que se había quedado el año pasado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Le quita las alas a una mariposa, así me siento yo ahora”, dijo Luna. “He sido una prisionera en mi propio cuerpo, ahora soy una prisionera aquí”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>12 de marzo de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de que Luna estuvo detenida durante unas seis semanas, ICE nos concedió permiso para entrevistarla en persona en Otay Mesa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seguimos a un guardia a una sala de espera con otras familias. Un letrero sobre el escritorio de metal gris de un guardia decía: “la esperanza es el ancla del alma. Sé agradecido”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando llamaron nuestros nombres, pasamos por una puerta pesada hasta donde Luna estaba sentada en una pequeña habitación. Vestía sandalias Crocs azules, calcetines marrones y un uniforme azul con la palabra “detenida” estampada en la espalda con letras blancas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846827\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846827 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sasha Khokha de The California Report entrevistó a Luna Guzmán dentro del centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa en marzo de 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sasha Khokha de The California Report entrevistó a Luna Guzmán dentro del centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa en marzo de 2019. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Se veía demacrada y exhausta, pero sus ojos aún brillaban. Su cabello era muy corto. Luna dijo que tuvo que cortárselo todo después de que un hombre le quitara un trozo de cabello con una navaja.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me dijo que no toleraba a los homosexuales y me cortó con la navaja”, dijo Luna. “De un rastrillo de una rasuradora me cortó mi cabello. Fue muy duro para mí porque me dijo que si yo me quejaba con los oficiales me iba a ir peor”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo además que eso sucedió en el Centro Correccional Metropolitano, una cárcel federal en San Diego, donde estuvo detenida durante aproximadamente una semana después de que los agentes de la patrulla fronteriza la recogieran. Fue acusada allí del delito federal de reingreso ilegal a Estados Unidos, luego de que el presidente Trump intensificara los enjuiciamientos bajo una política de “cero tolerancia”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero el acoso sexual en el centro de detención de ICE fue aún peor, agregó Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aquí hay personas que nos tocan el trasero, que nos tocan las bubis que nos miran cuando nos estamos bañando”, dijo Luna. “ Quieren que nos enseñen sus partes. Yo no quiero estar más tiempo acá. Yo sé que si yo me meto una queja, no me van a hacer caso. Yo se que no me van a hacer caso”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Además, Luna dijo que no le alcanzaba el dinero para comprarse champú o bocadillos en la tienda del centro de detención. Agregó que otros presos se ofrecieron a comprárselos a cambio de favores sexuales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yo no voy a hacer algo que no me guste por una sopa que vale 60 centavos de dólar”, dijo Luna. Yo no voy a estar haciendo cosas malas, tener sexo con nadie acá. Toda la discriminación que vivimos allá afuera, acá es peor porque acá es otro mundo. Acá es un mundo de la discriminación y la homofobia y el acoso es súper grandísimo. Es peor que allá afuera. Porque acá no tienes para dónde ir, acá está todo cerrado”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Un estudio en 2018 encontró que los inmigrantes LGBTQ tienen casi 100 veces más probabilidades de ser acosados o agredidos sexualmente durante una detención de ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He sido prisionera en mi propio cuerpo, ahora soy una prisionera aquí”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que no quería llorar delante de nosotros. Quería ser la persona fuerte que nos había impresionado con su coraje y tenacidad cuando la conocimos en Tijuana cuatro meses atrás.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero después de nuestra entrevista nos asomamos por una ventana de la pequeña habitación. Tenía la cabeza sobre la mesa y sollozaba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846828\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846828 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán llora cabizbaja después de su entrevista con las reporteras Sasha Khokha y Erin Siegal McIntyre.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán llora cabizbaja después de su entrevista con las reporteras Sasha Khokha y Erin Siegal McIntyre. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre. )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>El segundo período de detención de Luna solo duró un par de meses. ICE trató de deportarla lo antes posible: había reingresado a Estados Unidos escalando la valla fronteriza y violó la prohibición de cinco años de reingreso que se le impuso cuando fue deportada por primera vez. Ahora se le prohibió regresar al país en 20 años.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esta era la segunda vez que estaba detenida y todavía no tenía abogado. Nadie que le ofrezca una alternativa al asilo, algo llamado “Retención de la Expulsión”, que ha permitido que algunas mujeres trans de Centroamérica se queden en Estados Unidos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Si ella se hubiera asociado con un buen abogado de asilo, ahora mismo estaríamos teniendo una conversación realmente diferente sobre ella”, dijo Love. “Podríamos estar hablando de ella ahora en 2020, inscribiéndose en una universidad comunitaria o, ya sabes, consiguiendo su primer apartamento o, de hecho, obteniendo su residencia legal permanente en Estados Unidos y una green card o permiso de residencia. Pero en cambio, no se le proporcionó el proceso que se merecía”.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“No es seguro que te quedes en Guatemala”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo 27 de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna fue deportada por segunda vez a la Ciudad de Guatemala. KQED contrató a un equipo de filmación para encontrarse con ella cuando bajara del avión.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contó cuatro dólares estadounidense de una bolsa de plástico marcada como “propiedad personal”, dinero ganado trabajando en la lavandería del centro de detención. Se pasó la mano por la cara, como queriendo que todo desapareciera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luego se dirigió a la Asociación Lambda, una organización LGBTQ en la Ciudad de Guatemala que ayuda a los deportados, que después de escuchar su historia, un empleado de admisión le dijo a Luna que no era seguro quedarse en Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Su perfil es de alto riesgo”, dijo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No necesitaba recordarle sobre las mujeres trans que fueron asesinadas recientemente después de haber sido deportadas a Centroamérica. El empleado de admisión dijo también que le preocupaba que los proxenetas en su ciudad natal pudieran tener conexiones en la Ciudad de Guatemala y rastrearla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consiguió una casa segura en un lugar secreto, pero Luna decidió irse después de pasar una noche allí. Se negó a sentirse encerrada de nuevo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A estas alturas llevábamos cinco meses informando sobre la historia de Luna. Algunos oyentes transgéneros de California Report en Modesto que escucharon una de las historias, la contactaron y le enviaron 80 dólares, dinero que la ayudó a salir de Guatemala nuevamente y emprender otro viaje de regreso a la frontera. También organizaron un \u003cem>drag show\u003c/em> dedicado a Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/embed/XkR9vHtM9T8\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abril y julio de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de unos meses más, Luna encontró la manera de salir de Guatemala y regresar a México. Solicitó una visa humanitaria para quedarse temporalmente y encontró trabajo haciendo tortillas en un restaurante de Tapachula. Conoció a algunos nuevos amigos, otros migrantes transgéneros.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronto, llena de valor por sus nuevos amigos, decidió vestirse de mujer nuevamente para cenar con ellos en un café local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La mañana siguiente, a las 6 a.m. llamó llorando. Dijo que había sido violada por cinco hombres armados, que la secuestraron mientras esperaba un taxi después de cenar. Dijo que la golpearon y la patearon en los riñones, donde se estaba recuperando de una reciente infección.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“¿Por qué tengo que sufrir tanto? ¿Por qué la vida es injusta conmigo?”, sollozó Luna. “¿Por qué cuando demuestro la persona que soy, siempre me va mal, eso es lo que no entiendo”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que tenía demasiado miedo de presentar una demanda ante la policía mexicana, porque probablemente no harían más que reírse de ella y decir cosas homofóbicas. Me envió una publicación en Facebook sobre la muerte de un activista gay, Juan Ruiz Nicolás, quien fue asesinado en Tapachula, el pueblo donde se hospedaba cerca de la frontera con Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Allegra Love, abogada con Santa Fe Dreamers Project\"]‘Si ella se hubiera asociado con un buen abogado de asilo, ahora mismo estaríamos teniendo una conversación realmente diferente sobre ella. Podríamos estar hablando de ella ahora en 2020, inscribirse en un colegio comunitario o, ya sabes, conseguir su primer apartamento o, de hecho, conseguir su residencia legal permanente en Estados Unidos’.[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Como no reportó la violación a nadie, es difícil confirmar que Luna fue agredida. Esto es parte de la paradoja de los solicitantes de asilo. Se espera que documenten y prueben las cosas horribles que les han sucedido, pero con demasiada frecuencia, el acto de demandar estos abusos podría ponerlos en mayor peligro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Por supuesto, como periodistas, hemos hecho todo lo posible para examinar su historia. KQED incluso demandó al Departamento de Seguridad Nacional para obtener los registros de Luna. Pero cuando se trata de lo que sucedió a Luna en Guatemala o México, no hay forma de probar el tráfico y la violencia. Llevaba tanto tiempo en tránsito, viviendo en la calle y en refugios, que tiene poca documentación de su vida. Aún así, la historia de Luna es consistente con lo que han encontrado los defensores y las investigaciones sobre el trato de los detenidos inmigrantes transgéneros y portadores de VIH. Mucho de esto también se refleja en su solicitud de asilo y en sus registros médicos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna finalmente recibió una visa humanitaria temporal y una tarjeta de identificación mexicana, válida por un año. El gobierno mexicano la envió de regreso a Tijuana, a una casa segura para refugiados LGBTQ llamada Casa Arcoíris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846833\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846833 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán camina por las calles de Tijuana con sus amistades de Casa Arcoíris, un albergue para refugiados LGBTQ provenientes de todo el mundo que esperan en México para recibir asilo en los Estados Unidos.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán camina por las calles de Tijuana con sus amistades de Casa Arcoíris, un albergue para refugiados LGBTQ provenientes de todo el mundo que esperan en México para recibir asilo en los Estados Unidos. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Octubre de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En octubre decidimos volver a visitarla en Tijuana para saber cómo estaba. Pero no pudimos encontrarnos con ella en la casa donde se quedaba porque querían mantener la ubicación en secreto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nos encontramos con Luna y uno de sus nuevos compañeros refugiados en un enorme supermercado donde compraban frijoles secos, zanahorias y repollo. Cada uno de ellos se turnaron para cocinar un platillo de su país de origen para los otros habitantes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Une amige no binario de Honduras, que no quiso dar su nombre por seguridad, dijo que Luna es bien querida en la casa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Se ha encariñado con todo el mundo. Todo el mundo la aprecia mucho”, dijo une compañere refugiados de Luna. \u003cspan style=\"color: #ff0000\"> \u003c/span>“Ha compartido su historia. La comunidad LGBT nos hace una conexión como familia”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esa comunidad, esa estabilidad, cambiaron las cosas para Luna. Llevaba vestido y lápiz labial con más frecuencia, se reía más con sus nuevos amigos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846825\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846825 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg\" alt=\"En Tijuana, Luna Guzmán ha logrado expresar y explorar su identidad de género con más libertad.\" width=\"800\" height=\"632\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-1020x805.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-160x126.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych.jpg 1368w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">En Tijuana, Luna Guzmán ha logrado expresar y explorar su identidad de género con más libertad. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pero su semblante cambió cuando nos llevó a ver la sección de la valla fronteriza por donde cruzó la última vez que vino a California. Señaló ardillas y libélulas que volaban entre los listones de la cerca, entre países, sin siquiera saberlo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es algo que los humanos se nos limita a veces, verdad, que no tenemos esa libertad”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le preguntamos qué pensaba mientras miraba a través de los barrotes de la cerca hacia California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es un muro que mata sueños, que quita todo”, dijo Luna “Yo dije de este muro para acá, voy a dejar todo mi pasado. No a voltear ni a ver. Aquí es el nuevo inicio, aquí volví a nacer. Eso es California, y no se va a ir. Algún día yo voy a ir ahí. No sé si hasta cuando sea el 2050 o 2100 pero voy a ir ahí algún día”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846830\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846830 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán mira a través de la valla fronteriza en Tijuana, desde el mismo sitio en donde cruzó la frontera en enero de 2019 cuando intentaba entrar a California por segunda vez. Había sido deportada anteriormente luego de que abandonó su solicitud de asilo ya que no podía aguantar más meses largos de sufrir acosos y abusos en el centro de detención.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán mira a través de la valla fronteriza en Tijuana, desde el mismo sitio en donde cruzó la frontera en enero de 2019 cuando intentaba entrar a California por segunda vez. Había sido deportada anteriormente luego de que abandonó su solicitud de asilo ya que no podía aguantar más meses largos de sufrir acosos y abusos en el centro de detención. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>“Gracias por contar mi historia”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo de 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando el brote de COVID-19 llegó a México, Luna nos dejó un mensaje de voz. Planeaba quedarse en un albergue con una amiga en las afueras de Ensenada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hablamos sobre su alivio por estar lejos del centro de detención de Otay Mesa que resultó tener uno de los mayores brotes de COVID-19. Irónicamente, ser deportada pudo haberle salvado la vida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Por otro lado, si todavía estuviera detenida, podría haber sido entregada a un patrocinador en EE.UU., como lo han estado algunos otros detenidos transgénera, para evitar el riesgo de contraer coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero un mes después, en abril, Luna dejó una mensaje de voz. Su respiración era tan pesada y astrosa que era difícil de entender. Dijo que estaba en una unidad de cuidados intensivos del hospital público de Tijuana, enferma de COVID-19. Estaban a punto de ponerle un respirador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gracias por todo”, dijo Luna con voz ronca. “Por querer contar mi historia. Ojalá la gente recuerde un poco de mí”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luego, como ha sucedido tantas veces en los últimos dos años, la conversación con Luna en WhatsApp se quedó en silencio durante semanas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finalmente, luego de varias semanas en el hospital, Luna dejó otro mensaje desde su cama de hospital. La habían desconectado del ventilador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ay, Dios, yo pensé que iba a morir”, suspiró. “Pero no, aquí la pinche Luna está todavía aquí. Aquí está todavía resistiendo todo esto. Tengo mucho que vivir, mucho que expresar todavía. Soy una mujer fuerte. He sobrevivido todo, puedo sobrevivir esto.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Historias Relacionadas' tag='kqed-en-espanol']\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna nos dejó un mensaje de voz diciendo que el gobierno mexicano acaba de extender su visa humanitaria por un año más. Para ella era complicado trabajar y pagar alquiler en Tijuana. Tiene síntomas persistentes de coronavirus que incluyen fatiga, dificultad para respirar y dolor en las cuerdas vocales. Su sistema inmunológico también estaba luchando para combatir el VIH. Le preocupa que su cuerpo no sea lo suficientemente fuerte para combatir otro virus, por lo que se queda en casa lo más posible para evitar volver a infectarse con COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo también que ella y otros migrantes están celebrando la victoria de Joe Biden y esperan que él cumpla su promesa de campaña de “poner fin a las políticas de asilo perjudiciales del presidente Trump”, que incluían dificultar la búsqueda de protección para los migrantes LGBTQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que está lista para solicitar asilo en Estados Unidos nuevamente si las cosas cambian bajo el nuevo gobierno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aquí estamos echándole ganas a la vida. Somos guerrilleras y hemos pasado por momentos difíciles. Tenemos esperanzas siempre, siempre sonriendole a la vida”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este reporte fue traducido por el periodista Kervy Robles y editado por la periodista \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/amorga\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adriana Morga\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/ccabreralomeli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí\u003c/a> y \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/lblanco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lina Blanco\u003c/a> también contribuyeron a esta versión en español. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este proyecto contó con el apoyo de una subvención de la fundación \u003ca href=\"https://www.iwmf.org/\">International Women’s Media\u003c/a>. Su programa de Subvenciones para reportar las historias de las mujeres recibe fondos de la organización Secular Society. \u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10656367/\">Zoey Luna\u003c/a>, actriz transgénero vanguardista, dio su voz para el doblaje de Luna Guzmán en el audio \u003c/em>\u003cem>documental.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Hemos seguido la historia de Luna Guzmán por dos años, desde que llegó a Tijuana luego de haber abandonado su vieja vida en Guatemala con el sueño de llegar a California.",
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"title": "‘Una mariposa con las alas rotas’: La búsqueda de una solicitante de asilo transgénera para llegar a California | KQED",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/sasha-khokha\">Sasha Khokha\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://erin-mcintyre.com/\">Erin Siegal McIntyre\u003c/a>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11844742/a-butterfly-with-my-wings-cut-off-a-transgender-asylum-seekers-quest-to-come-to-california\">\u003cem>Read in English\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Nota de editorx: Pese a que la Real Academia Española (RAE) específica el uso del término transgénero para describir y abarcar todas las experiencias trans dentro del arco de la identidad de género, hemos decidido utilizar la palabra transgénera con la intención de usar un término que mejor corresponda a las experiencias e identidad de Luna.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando cumplió 15 años, como tantas chicas en su pueblo en Guatemala, Luna Guzmán celebró con una quinceañera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me prestaron el vestido de una compañera porque yo lloraba. Cada vez que íbamos a la escuela teníamos que pasar en frente de una tienda donde habían vestidos de novia y de quinceañera”, dijo Luna. “Yo siempre me quedaba viendo, hasta tocaba el vidrio”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El vestido que pidió prestado era de color turquesa, con una falda larga. Se quitó sus zapatos tenis, se puso los tacones y una tiara y empezó a bailar con sus amigos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Había un pastel, botellas de champán y chambelanes, chicos que se vistieron en trajes para acompañarla a la fiesta secreta en casa de un amigo. Ninguno de sus parientes estaba allí porque no podían imaginar a Luna como una niña transgénera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘La maestra siempre hablaba con mi mamá. Le decía, ‘¿Oye por qué no puedes cambiar a tu hijo? ¿No los puedes llevar con un psicólogo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psiquiatra? Hace ver mal a mi escuela’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instantes de esa fiesta de cumpleaños perduran en la memoria de Luna como un tiempo en su vida en el cual sintió verdaderamente el placer y la libertad. Era algo para saborear una y otra vez conforme iniciaba la década siguiente, cuando vestía camisetas de fútbol y trataba de parecerse al chico que sabía no llevaba por dentro. Mientras lidiaba con una violencia brutal, decidió tomar el tremendo riesgo de dejar atrás todo en Guatemala y tratar de encontrar una nueva vida en California. Las memorias eran un lugar en donde ella podía imaginarse a salvo, siendo ella misma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conocimos a Luna en un refugio para migrantes en Tijuana dos años atrás y desde entonces nos hemos mantenido en contacto con ella, durante su viaje por la frontera, donde pasó meses detenida por el Servicio de Inmigración y Control de Aduanas (ICE por sus siglas en inglés), y su búsqueda por el amparo en México. Pasamos semanas tratando desesperadamente de localizarla en una unidad de cuidados intensivos después de que ella dejara un mensaje de voz en el que había sido diagnosticada con un caso severo de COVID-19. “Gracias por contar mi historia”, dijo con voz ronca y entrecortada, apenas se reconocía su voz . “Gracias por todo. Por contar mi historia. Si muero, ojalá que la gente un día se acuerde de mí”.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/8-aYksXNNUA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/8-aYksXNNUA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>‘¿No puedes cambiar a tu hijo?’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Luna creció en las afueras de una pequeña ciudad en el área central de Guatemala, en una casa construida por palos y periódicos. Su madre vendía papas fritas en un carrito de comida y Luna ayudó a cuidar a sus tres hermanos, uno de ellos con discapacidades del desarrollo. Su padre no formó parte de su vida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna contó que era una voraz lectora, pasando horas en la biblioteca de su ciudad. En la escuela jugaba a disfrazarse con otras chicas. Luna se transformaba en una mariposa, sus alas estaban hechas de pedazos de cartón que encontraba en las calles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“La maestra siempre hablaba con mi mamá. Le decía, ‘¿Oye por qué no puedes cambiar a tu hijo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psicólogo? ¿No lo puedes llevar con un psiquiatra? Hace ver mal a mi escuela”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que su madre la defendió al principio. Cuando confesó ser gay a los 14 años, su mamá brindó con una copa de agua de jamaica. Pero a medida que Luna crecía, su madre desaprobaba los vestidos y los tacones. Su hijo, ¿vistiéndose como una mujer? Para ella, eso iba en contra de la naturaleza. Entonces Luna volvió a vestir con camisetas de fútbol y pantalones cortos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Esos desprecios ahora los entiendo”, dijo Luna. “Ella tal vez quería protegerme”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849344\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849344 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"A lo largo de su vida, Luna Guzmán ha luchado para ser aceptada como mujer transgénera. Ella ha dicho que ha sido víctima de violencia brutal cuando demuestra su verdadera identidad de género como mujer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"613\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-800x613.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-160x123.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2-1536x1177.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/RS45761__MG_2008_crop-qut_v2.jpg 1856w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A lo largo de su vida, Luna Guzmán ha luchado para ser aceptada como mujer transgénera. Ella ha dicho que ha sido víctima de violencia brutal cuando demuestra su verdadera identidad de género como mujer. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Octubre de 2007\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A los 13 años, justo en la cúspide de su adolescencia, Luna fue violada por un hombre mayor que era su vecino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“En un principio decía ¿por qué a mí? Explícame ¿por qué a mí? Si hay alguien ahí arriba por qué no me explicas”, suspiró Luna. “Pero nunca obtuve esa respuesta. Nunca la obtuve. Hasta hoy en día nunca la he tenido.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna contó que poco después fue forzada a integrar una red de tráfico de personas y labor sexual. Algunos hombres de mucho poder en su pueblo la obligaron a entrar a una red de tráfico de personas. ¿Los clientes? Hombres mayores que pagaban cientos de dólares estadounidenses para dormir con niños pequeños y niñas transgénera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>El tráfico de personas y la explotación sexual están desenfrenados en Guatemala, y la Organización de las Naciones Unidas ha denunciado el alarmante número de menores de edad forzados a ingresar a redes de tráfico debido a la pobreza.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero no había nadie que la ayudara. Los proxenetas, según Luna, tenían vínculos con la policía y los principales funcionarios públicos de la ciudad. “Si alguien intentaba denunciarlos o presentar una denuncia, lo tiraban a la basura”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Muchos menores de edad en la red de tráfico de personas estaban infectados con enfermedades de transmisión sexual. Cuando tenía 16 años, Luna descubrió que era portadora del virus de inmunodeficiencia humana, conocido también como VIH. El acoso de la gente se intensificó en una ciudad donde ya se le había arrojado piedras y manifestado que se mantuviera alejada de los niños. Luna recuerda que, una vez, algunas personas la golpearon con tanta fuerza que le rompieron la clavícula y le dijeron que se comportara como un “hombre de verdad”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Mi pueblo es tan pequeño. No hay información sobre orientación sexual, sobre VIH”, dijo Luna. “No hay información de nada. Es muy cerrado (de mente)”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando cumplío 19 años, Luna cuenta que todavía la obligaban ocasionalmente a trabajar en la red de tráfico sexual. Al llegar a la edad adulta, comenzó a dar algunos pasos para recuperar el control de su vida. Se inscribió en un curso para convertirse en una bombero voluntaria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849342\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849342 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán worked as a fire fighter in her home town. She said she left the department after experiencing harassment and homophobic threats.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/IMG_0768_v3.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán trabajó como bombera en su pueblo natal. Ella dice que abandonó la cuadrilla luego de sufrir acoso y amenazas homofóbicas. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2014\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna se graduó del programa de bomberos. Se sentía valerosa al rescatar personas de accidentes automovilísticos y apagar edificios en llamas. Pero luego, los otros bomberos descubrieron que era portadora del VIH y comenzaron a burlarse de ella con insultos homofóbicos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soñó entonces con una salida y puso su mirada en California. Había visto vídeos del enorme desfile del orgullo LGBTQ en San Francisco. Sabía que en California no podría ser despedida o desalojada por ser transgénera, tendría derecho a obtener una identificación con el nombre que deseaba y a usar el baño que coincida con su género. También esperaba poder ganar lo suficiente dinero para pagar su transición.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dejó a su familia, el departamento de bomberos, los vecinos y los proxenetas. Tenía 22 años.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Se subió al famoso tren que los migrantes llaman La Bestia, que viaja de la frontera sur a la frontera norte de México. No usó vestidos en el viaje. Como ha hecho durante la mayor parte de su vida, mantuvo su cabello corto y usó camisetas y pantalones cortos de hombre por seguridad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11849343\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 694px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11849343 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán rides a train heading from Guatemala through Mexico in 2017. She travelled with several other LGBTQ migrants and said that at one point they were attacked by men armed with machetes.\" width=\"694\" height=\"390\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2.jpg 694w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/LUNA-TRAIN-2019-03-30-12-57-30_cropped_v2-160x90.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 694px) 100vw, 694px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán montada en un tren, el cual la llevaría de Guatemala a México en 2017. Viajó con otros migrantes LGBTQ y dijo que una vez fueron atacados por hombres armados con machetes. \u003ccite>(Cortesía de Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Cruzando la Frontera Sin Un Respaldo Seguro\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agosto de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando Luna llegó al cruce fronterizo entre Estados Unidos y México en Otay Mesa, cerca de San Diego, le dijo a un oficial que estaba huyendo de la violencia homofóbica en Guatemala y que estaba pidiendo asilo. Sin embargo, sus esperanzas de sentirse protegida se desvanecieron al cruzar a Estados Unidos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me entraron a unas oficinas. Y como a los 30 minutos me arrestaron en unas cadenas en las manos, en los pies, en la cintura”, dijo Luna. “Aquí te tratan como un criminal, solamente por eso. Se siente bien feo, te sientes como un zero a la izquierda”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los agentes fronterizos no determinan las solicitudes de asilo—eso sucede más tarde—pero son responsables de la transferencia de los detenidos en custodia de ICE, donde eventualmente hablan con un oficial encargado de procesar una petición de asilo. Sin embargo, los funcionarios fronterizos no marcaron la casilla en el formulario de admisión de Luna que indica que se identificó como LGBTQ, ni la casilla que indica que podría correr un mayor riesgo de abuso sexual durante su detención.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846822\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846822 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png\" alt=\"U.S. Customs and Border Patrol “Detainee Assessment” form dated 8/9/2017. Although Luna Guzmán clearly told officials she feared homophobic violence, they did not check the box noting that she identified as LGBTQ.\" width=\"800\" height=\"490\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-800x490.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-1020x624.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot-160x98.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Detainee-Assess-Form-screen-shot.png 1428w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Un formulario titulado ‘Evaluación del detenido’ de la Oficina de Aduanas y Protección Fronteriza, con la fecha 9 de agosto, de 2017. Pese a que Luna Guzmán claramente le explicó a los oficiales que ella había sido un blanco de violencia homofóbica, ellos no marcaron la casilla para identificar a Luna como alguien LGBTQ. \u003ccite>(Solicitud de información bajo la Ley por la Libertad de la Información)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fue entonces cuando las cosas empezaron a complicarse. ICE finalmente le asignó a Luna una cama en la unidad de hombres s en el centro de detención de Otay Mesa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diez días después de que llegó a la frontera pidiendo ayuda, un oficial del Servicio y Ciudadanía de los Estados Unidos realizó una entrevista de “miedo creíble”. Fue entonces cuando Luna dijo que a veces también se vestía como mujer. El oficial denominó su historia como verídica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Semanas más tarde, una organización latina que apoya a las personas trangénero con sede cerca de Los Ángeles llamada Las Crisantemas envió una carta de apoyo a la corte de inmigración reconociendo a Luna como una mujer trans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sin embargo, Luna nunca fue trasladada a una unidad de detención para mujeres transgénera, a pesar de que en 2015 ICE había acordado mejorar los estándares para las detenidas transgénera, incluido el acceso a unidades separadas de la población en general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Aquí te tratan como un criminal, solamente por eso. Se siente bien feo, te sientes como un zero a la izquierda’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No la pusieron bajo la custodia protectora que requieren sus propios estándares”, dijo Allegra Love, abogada del Santa Fe Dreamers Project, quien ha representado a cientos de mujeres transgénera detenidas en los últimos años. Ella nunca fue la abogada de Luna, pero le pedimos que revisara su caso luego de que KQED demandó a ICE para obtener sus registros de inmigración.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Si alguien les dice: ‘oye, mira, soy trans, tengo disforia de género. No soy del género que crees que soy’, entonces el gobierno tiene esta responsabilidad consentida por su propia mano de tomar eso en serio y proteger a las personas de un mayor peligro”, dijo Love.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna pasó meses en la unidad de hombres antes de que su caso de asilo pudiera ser escuchado por completo, meses en los que dijo que los otros detenidos la acosaban y menospreciaban repetidamente.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846829\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846829 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Varias rejas de seguridad rodean el centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa, ubicado al este de San Diego, donde Luna Guzmán fue detenida por ocho meses mientras esperaba presentar su solicitud para recibir asilo.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45759__MG_0162-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Varias rejas de seguridad rodean el centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa, ubicado al este de San Diego, donde Luna Guzmán fue detenida por ocho meses mientras esperaba presentar su solicitud para recibir asilo. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Tribunal de inmigración aplazado, largos meses detenida\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2017\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna compareció ante la jueza de inmigración Olga Attia, asignada para la corte de inmgiración en 2017 por el entonces fiscal general Jeff Sessions. A Luna se le asignó un intérprete, pero ningún abogado. Si hubiera querido uno, habría tenido que encontrarlo y pagarlo por su propia cuenta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En las grabaciones de audio de las audiencias en la corte de inmigración, Luna le dijo a la jueza que estaba preocupada de estar detenida durante tanto tiempo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es que no siempre me dan la medicina que necesito para la enfermedad crónica que yo sufro”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Desafortunadamente, no tengo jurisdicción sobre tales asuntos,” le dijo Attia. “Debe informar a los oficiales de detención de esto”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna estuvo detenida durante cinco meses antes de poder presentar oficialmente su solicitud de asilo a la jueza Attia. Luego, la jueza le informó que no había citas disponibles para conocer la profundidad de su caso hasta otros cinco meses más.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Febrero de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de seis meses detenida, Luna era elegible para salir bajo fianza. Los abogados de ICE no se opusieron puesto que ella no tenía antecedentes penales. La jueza fijó la fianza en 4,500 dólares, sin embargo, como muchos solicitantes de asilo, Luna no tenía forma de pagar esa cantidad de dinero.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A mí me hace daño psicológicamente. Yo nunca he estado detenida, su señoría”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incapaz de tolerar su detención en una unidad de hombres, Luna realizó algo que jamás pensó que podría. Renunció a su caso de asilo y pidió ser deportada de inmediato.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Voy a cumplir 8 meses de estar detenida en el centro de detención”, dijo Luna a través de un intérprete. “Me siento sola. No tengo palabras para explicarle, su señoría”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Incluso cuando Attia aceptó el retiro de la solicitud de asilo, no estaba claro que la jueza entendía que Luna era transgénera. Después de que el intérprete explicó que Luna se refería a sí misma con el pronombre femenino, Attia siguió llamando a Luna “señor”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sólo puedo imaginar la pérdida de esperanza que alguien experimenta cuando huye de un país donde la razón por la que su vida está en peligro es porque sus instituciones se niegan a reconocer quiénes son”, dijo Love, la abogada que ha representado a decenas de personas trans detenidas provenientes de Centroamérica. “Luego llegar con un sentimiento de esperanza a un lugar donde creen que van a recibir un trato diferente, y luego que los agentes del orden y los jueces, oficiales de la corte, los rechacen inmediatamente también”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Si Luna hubiera decidido permanecer detenida y continuar con su solicitud de asilo, las probabilidades estaban en su contra especialmente sin un abogado. Durante el último año de la administración de Barack Obama, se denegó el 55 por ciento de todas las peticiones de asilo. Bajo la administración de Donald Trump, esas cifras subieron a un récord del 72 por ciento en 2020, según datos del proyecto TRAC de la Universidad de Syracuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Para los solicitantes de asilo de Guatemala, la tasa es aún mayor: el 85.8 por ciento de esas solicitudes son rechazadas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abril de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En el avión chárter de ICE para transportar a Luna y otros detenidos de regreso a Guatemala, ella recuerda que tuvo un ataque de pánico, temblaba tanto que apenas podía caminar sobre la pista cuando aterrizó en Ciudad de Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo también que fue a quedarse con su hermana, quien se había casado con un cristiano evangélico. Sin embargo, después de unos días, su hermana le dio algo de dinero y le pidió que se marchara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No tienes un hogar conmigo como una hermana”, recordó Luna que su hermana le dijo. “Solo como un hermano”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna se fue de Guatemala y poco a poco regresó a la frontera entre Estados Unidos y México, con la esperanza de encontrar un camino de regreso a California. Conocimos a Luna mientras se hospedaba en Casa del Migrante, un refugio para migrantes en Tijuana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "“Soy una mujer transgénera, pero no toda mi vida voy a vivir vestido como un niño. Yo quiero que el día de mañana todas las personas que me conocen digan , ‘Luna. Triunfó. Luna luchó por sus sueños y los alcanzó”.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que estaba tratando de seguir adelante como lavaplatos en un restaurante donde el dueño hacía comentarios homofóbicos. También luchaba por encontrar una clínica donde obtener su medicamento contra el VIH sin una identificación mexicana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Las suelas de sus zapatos se estaban desgastando y vestía una camiseta de fútbol, su cabello era muy corto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Soy una mujer transgénera, pero no toda mi vida voy a vivir vestido como un niño. Yo quiero que el día de mañana todas las personas que me conocen digan , ‘Luna. Triunfo. Luna luchó por sus sueños y los alcanzó”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846832\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846832 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt='Luna Guzmán posa enfrente de un mural en Tijuana. Cuando era pequeña, ella se disfrazaba como una mariposa. Mientras estaba detenida, dijo que se sentía como \"una mariposa con las alas rotas\".' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45762__MG_2087-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán posa enfrente de un mural en Tijuana. Cuando era pequeña, ella se disfrazaba como una mariposa. Mientras estaba detenida, dijo que se sentía como “una mariposa con las alas rotas”. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Enero de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Un mes después, Luna mandó un mensaje vía WhatsApp para decir que sabía que su sueño de venir a California probablemente terminó porque había renunciado a su solicitud de asilo el año anterior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero luego, unas semanas más tarde, envió un vídeo suyo, de pie, en un lugar con mucho viento, y con el muro fronterizo detrás de ella.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“¡Mira!” exclamó Luna. “¡Crucé! Te veré en San Francisco, junto al puente Golden Gate para tomar un café”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>WhatsApp se mantuvo en silencio durante semanas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Febrero de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recibimos finalmente una llamada que debimos pagar del centro de detención de Otay Mesa. Luna dijo a través de la línea telefónica desafinada que estaba en la misma celda y en la misma cama en la que se había quedado el año pasado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Le quita las alas a una mariposa, así me siento yo ahora”, dijo Luna. “He sido una prisionera en mi propio cuerpo, ahora soy una prisionera aquí”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>12 de marzo de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de que Luna estuvo detenida durante unas seis semanas, ICE nos concedió permiso para entrevistarla en persona en Otay Mesa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seguimos a un guardia a una sala de espera con otras familias. Un letrero sobre el escritorio de metal gris de un guardia decía: “la esperanza es el ancla del alma. Sé agradecido”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando llamaron nuestros nombres, pasamos por una puerta pesada hasta donde Luna estaba sentada en una pequeña habitación. Vestía sandalias Crocs azules, calcetines marrones y un uniforme azul con la palabra “detenida” estampada en la espalda con letras blancas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846827\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846827 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Sasha Khokha de The California Report entrevistó a Luna Guzmán dentro del centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa en marzo de 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45757__MG_0143-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sasha Khokha de The California Report entrevistó a Luna Guzmán dentro del centro de detención de migrantes Otay Mesa en marzo de 2019. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Se veía demacrada y exhausta, pero sus ojos aún brillaban. Su cabello era muy corto. Luna dijo que tuvo que cortárselo todo después de que un hombre le quitara un trozo de cabello con una navaja.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Me dijo que no toleraba a los homosexuales y me cortó con la navaja”, dijo Luna. “De un rastrillo de una rasuradora me cortó mi cabello. Fue muy duro para mí porque me dijo que si yo me quejaba con los oficiales me iba a ir peor”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo además que eso sucedió en el Centro Correccional Metropolitano, una cárcel federal en San Diego, donde estuvo detenida durante aproximadamente una semana después de que los agentes de la patrulla fronteriza la recogieran. Fue acusada allí del delito federal de reingreso ilegal a Estados Unidos, luego de que el presidente Trump intensificara los enjuiciamientos bajo una política de “cero tolerancia”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero el acoso sexual en el centro de detención de ICE fue aún peor, agregó Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aquí hay personas que nos tocan el trasero, que nos tocan las bubis que nos miran cuando nos estamos bañando”, dijo Luna. “ Quieren que nos enseñen sus partes. Yo no quiero estar más tiempo acá. Yo sé que si yo me meto una queja, no me van a hacer caso. Yo se que no me van a hacer caso”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Además, Luna dijo que no le alcanzaba el dinero para comprarse champú o bocadillos en la tienda del centro de detención. Agregó que otros presos se ofrecieron a comprárselos a cambio de favores sexuales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yo no voy a hacer algo que no me guste por una sopa que vale 60 centavos de dólar”, dijo Luna. Yo no voy a estar haciendo cosas malas, tener sexo con nadie acá. Toda la discriminación que vivimos allá afuera, acá es peor porque acá es otro mundo. Acá es un mundo de la discriminación y la homofobia y el acoso es súper grandísimo. Es peor que allá afuera. Porque acá no tienes para dónde ir, acá está todo cerrado”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Un estudio en 2018 encontró que los inmigrantes LGBTQ tienen casi 100 veces más probabilidades de ser acosados o agredidos sexualmente durante una detención de ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He sido prisionera en mi propio cuerpo, ahora soy una prisionera aquí”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que no quería llorar delante de nosotros. Quería ser la persona fuerte que nos había impresionado con su coraje y tenacidad cuando la conocimos en Tijuana cuatro meses atrás.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero después de nuestra entrevista nos asomamos por una ventana de la pequeña habitación. Tenía la cabeza sobre la mesa y sollozaba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846828\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846828 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán llora cabizbaja después de su entrevista con las reporteras Sasha Khokha y Erin Siegal McIntyre.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45758__MG_0156-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán llora cabizbaja después de su entrevista con las reporteras Sasha Khokha y Erin Siegal McIntyre. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre. )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>El segundo período de detención de Luna solo duró un par de meses. ICE trató de deportarla lo antes posible: había reingresado a Estados Unidos escalando la valla fronteriza y violó la prohibición de cinco años de reingreso que se le impuso cuando fue deportada por primera vez. Ahora se le prohibió regresar al país en 20 años.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esta era la segunda vez que estaba detenida y todavía no tenía abogado. Nadie que le ofrezca una alternativa al asilo, algo llamado “Retención de la Expulsión”, que ha permitido que algunas mujeres trans de Centroamérica se queden en Estados Unidos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Si ella se hubiera asociado con un buen abogado de asilo, ahora mismo estaríamos teniendo una conversación realmente diferente sobre ella”, dijo Love. “Podríamos estar hablando de ella ahora en 2020, inscribiéndose en una universidad comunitaria o, ya sabes, consiguiendo su primer apartamento o, de hecho, obteniendo su residencia legal permanente en Estados Unidos y una green card o permiso de residencia. Pero en cambio, no se le proporcionó el proceso que se merecía”.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>“No es seguro que te quedes en Guatemala”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo 27 de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna fue deportada por segunda vez a la Ciudad de Guatemala. KQED contrató a un equipo de filmación para encontrarse con ella cuando bajara del avión.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contó cuatro dólares estadounidense de una bolsa de plástico marcada como “propiedad personal”, dinero ganado trabajando en la lavandería del centro de detención. Se pasó la mano por la cara, como queriendo que todo desapareciera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luego se dirigió a la Asociación Lambda, una organización LGBTQ en la Ciudad de Guatemala que ayuda a los deportados, que después de escuchar su historia, un empleado de admisión le dijo a Luna que no era seguro quedarse en Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Su perfil es de alto riesgo”, dijo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No necesitaba recordarle sobre las mujeres trans que fueron asesinadas recientemente después de haber sido deportadas a Centroamérica. El empleado de admisión dijo también que le preocupaba que los proxenetas en su ciudad natal pudieran tener conexiones en la Ciudad de Guatemala y rastrearla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consiguió una casa segura en un lugar secreto, pero Luna decidió irse después de pasar una noche allí. Se negó a sentirse encerrada de nuevo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A estas alturas llevábamos cinco meses informando sobre la historia de Luna. Algunos oyentes transgéneros de California Report en Modesto que escucharon una de las historias, la contactaron y le enviaron 80 dólares, dinero que la ayudó a salir de Guatemala nuevamente y emprender otro viaje de regreso a la frontera. También organizaron un \u003cem>drag show\u003c/em> dedicado a Luna.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/XkR9vHtM9T8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/XkR9vHtM9T8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Abril y julio de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Después de unos meses más, Luna encontró la manera de salir de Guatemala y regresar a México. Solicitó una visa humanitaria para quedarse temporalmente y encontró trabajo haciendo tortillas en un restaurante de Tapachula. Conoció a algunos nuevos amigos, otros migrantes transgéneros.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pronto, llena de valor por sus nuevos amigos, decidió vestirse de mujer nuevamente para cenar con ellos en un café local.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>La mañana siguiente, a las 6 a.m. llamó llorando. Dijo que había sido violada por cinco hombres armados, que la secuestraron mientras esperaba un taxi después de cenar. Dijo que la golpearon y la patearon en los riñones, donde se estaba recuperando de una reciente infección.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“¿Por qué tengo que sufrir tanto? ¿Por qué la vida es injusta conmigo?”, sollozó Luna. “¿Por qué cuando demuestro la persona que soy, siempre me va mal, eso es lo que no entiendo”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que tenía demasiado miedo de presentar una demanda ante la policía mexicana, porque probablemente no harían más que reírse de ella y decir cosas homofóbicas. Me envió una publicación en Facebook sobre la muerte de un activista gay, Juan Ruiz Nicolás, quien fue asesinado en Tapachula, el pueblo donde se hospedaba cerca de la frontera con Guatemala.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘Si ella se hubiera asociado con un buen abogado de asilo, ahora mismo estaríamos teniendo una conversación realmente diferente sobre ella. Podríamos estar hablando de ella ahora en 2020, inscribirse en un colegio comunitario o, ya sabes, conseguir su primer apartamento o, de hecho, conseguir su residencia legal permanente en Estados Unidos’.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Como no reportó la violación a nadie, es difícil confirmar que Luna fue agredida. Esto es parte de la paradoja de los solicitantes de asilo. Se espera que documenten y prueben las cosas horribles que les han sucedido, pero con demasiada frecuencia, el acto de demandar estos abusos podría ponerlos en mayor peligro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Por supuesto, como periodistas, hemos hecho todo lo posible para examinar su historia. KQED incluso demandó al Departamento de Seguridad Nacional para obtener los registros de Luna. Pero cuando se trata de lo que sucedió a Luna en Guatemala o México, no hay forma de probar el tráfico y la violencia. Llevaba tanto tiempo en tránsito, viviendo en la calle y en refugios, que tiene poca documentación de su vida. Aún así, la historia de Luna es consistente con lo que han encontrado los defensores y las investigaciones sobre el trato de los detenidos inmigrantes transgéneros y portadores de VIH. Mucho de esto también se refleja en su solicitud de asilo y en sus registros médicos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna finalmente recibió una visa humanitaria temporal y una tarjeta de identificación mexicana, válida por un año. El gobierno mexicano la envió de regreso a Tijuana, a una casa segura para refugiados LGBTQ llamada Casa Arcoíris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846833\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846833 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán camina por las calles de Tijuana con sus amistades de Casa Arcoíris, un albergue para refugiados LGBTQ provenientes de todo el mundo que esperan en México para recibir asilo en los Estados Unidos.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45763__MG_2127-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán camina por las calles de Tijuana con sus amistades de Casa Arcoíris, un albergue para refugiados LGBTQ provenientes de todo el mundo que esperan en México para recibir asilo en los Estados Unidos. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Octubre de 2019\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>En octubre decidimos volver a visitarla en Tijuana para saber cómo estaba. Pero no pudimos encontrarnos con ella en la casa donde se quedaba porque querían mantener la ubicación en secreto.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nos encontramos con Luna y uno de sus nuevos compañeros refugiados en un enorme supermercado donde compraban frijoles secos, zanahorias y repollo. Cada uno de ellos se turnaron para cocinar un platillo de su país de origen para los otros habitantes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Une amige no binario de Honduras, que no quiso dar su nombre por seguridad, dijo que Luna es bien querida en la casa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Se ha encariñado con todo el mundo. Todo el mundo la aprecia mucho”, dijo une compañere refugiados de Luna. \u003cspan style=\"color: #ff0000\"> \u003c/span>“Ha compartido su historia. La comunidad LGBT nos hace una conexión como familia”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esa comunidad, esa estabilidad, cambiaron las cosas para Luna. Llevaba vestido y lápiz labial con más frecuencia, se reía más con sus nuevos amigos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846825\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846825 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg\" alt=\"En Tijuana, Luna Guzmán ha logrado expresar y explorar su identidad de género con más libertad.\" width=\"800\" height=\"632\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-800x632.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-1020x805.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych-160x126.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Luna_diptych.jpg 1368w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">En Tijuana, Luna Guzmán ha logrado expresar y explorar su identidad de género con más libertad. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Luna Guzmán)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pero su semblante cambió cuando nos llevó a ver la sección de la valla fronteriza por donde cruzó la última vez que vino a California. Señaló ardillas y libélulas que volaban entre los listones de la cerca, entre países, sin siquiera saberlo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es algo que los humanos se nos limita a veces, verdad, que no tenemos esa libertad”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Le preguntamos qué pensaba mientras miraba a través de los barrotes de la cerca hacia California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Es un muro que mata sueños, que quita todo”, dijo Luna “Yo dije de este muro para acá, voy a dejar todo mi pasado. No a voltear ni a ver. Aquí es el nuevo inicio, aquí volví a nacer. Eso es California, y no se va a ir. Algún día yo voy a ir ahí. No sé si hasta cuando sea el 2050 o 2100 pero voy a ir ahí algún día”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11846830\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11846830 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Luna Guzmán mira a través de la valla fronteriza en Tijuana, desde el mismo sitio en donde cruzó la frontera en enero de 2019 cuando intentaba entrar a California por segunda vez. Había sido deportada anteriormente luego de que abandonó su solicitud de asilo ya que no podía aguantar más meses largos de sufrir acosos y abusos en el centro de detención.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/RS45760__MG_1096-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Luna Guzmán mira a través de la valla fronteriza en Tijuana, desde el mismo sitio en donde cruzó la frontera en enero de 2019 cuando intentaba entrar a California por segunda vez. Había sido deportada anteriormente luego de que abandonó su solicitud de asilo ya que no podía aguantar más meses largos de sufrir acosos y abusos en el centro de detención. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>“Gracias por contar mi historia”\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Marzo de 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuando el brote de COVID-19 llegó a México, Luna nos dejó un mensaje de voz. Planeaba quedarse en un albergue con una amiga en las afueras de Ensenada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hablamos sobre su alivio por estar lejos del centro de detención de Otay Mesa que resultó tener uno de los mayores brotes de COVID-19. Irónicamente, ser deportada pudo haberle salvado la vida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Por otro lado, si todavía estuviera detenida, podría haber sido entregada a un patrocinador en EE.UU., como lo han estado algunos otros detenidos transgénera, para evitar el riesgo de contraer coronavirus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pero un mes después, en abril, Luna dejó una mensaje de voz. Su respiración era tan pesada y astrosa que era difícil de entender. Dijo que estaba en una unidad de cuidados intensivos del hospital público de Tijuana, enferma de COVID-19. Estaban a punto de ponerle un respirador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gracias por todo”, dijo Luna con voz ronca. “Por querer contar mi historia. Ojalá la gente recuerde un poco de mí”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luego, como ha sucedido tantas veces en los últimos dos años, la conversación con Luna en WhatsApp se quedó en silencio durante semanas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finalmente, luego de varias semanas en el hospital, Luna dejó otro mensaje desde su cama de hospital. La habían desconectado del ventilador.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ay, Dios, yo pensé que iba a morir”, suspiró. “Pero no, aquí la pinche Luna está todavía aquí. Aquí está todavía resistiendo todo esto. Tengo mucho que vivir, mucho que expresar todavía. Soy una mujer fuerte. He sobrevivido todo, puedo sobrevivir esto.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Noviembre de 2020\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna nos dejó un mensaje de voz diciendo que el gobierno mexicano acaba de extender su visa humanitaria por un año más. Para ella era complicado trabajar y pagar alquiler en Tijuana. Tiene síntomas persistentes de coronavirus que incluyen fatiga, dificultad para respirar y dolor en las cuerdas vocales. Su sistema inmunológico también estaba luchando para combatir el VIH. Le preocupa que su cuerpo no sea lo suficientemente fuerte para combatir otro virus, por lo que se queda en casa lo más posible para evitar volver a infectarse con COVID-19.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo también que ella y otros migrantes están celebrando la victoria de Joe Biden y esperan que él cumpla su promesa de campaña de “poner fin a las políticas de asilo perjudiciales del presidente Trump”, que incluían dificultar la búsqueda de protección para los migrantes LGBTQ.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luna dijo que está lista para solicitar asilo en Estados Unidos nuevamente si las cosas cambian bajo el nuevo gobierno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Aquí estamos echándole ganas a la vida. Somos guerrilleras y hemos pasado por momentos difíciles. Tenemos esperanzas siempre, siempre sonriendole a la vida”, dijo Luna.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este reporte fue traducido por el periodista Kervy Robles y editado por la periodista \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/amorga\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Adriana Morga\u003c/a>. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/ccabreralomeli\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Carlos Cabrera-Lomelí\u003c/a> y \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/lblanco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Lina Blanco\u003c/a> también contribuyeron a esta versión en español. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Este proyecto contó con el apoyo de una subvención de la fundación \u003ca href=\"https://www.iwmf.org/\">International Women’s Media\u003c/a>. Su programa de Subvenciones para reportar las historias de las mujeres recibe fondos de la organización Secular Society. \u003ca href=\"https://www.imdb.com/name/nm10656367/\">Zoey Luna\u003c/a>, actriz transgénero vanguardista, dio su voz para el doblaje de Luna Guzmán en el audio \u003c/em>\u003cem>documental.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Four men who were set to be released from California prisons earlier this year but were instead handed over to federal immigration authorities for potential deportation are seeking thousands of dollars in damages from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claims, filed Tuesday by the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California and Asian Law Caucus, seek over $25,000 for each of the former inmates, who allege they have suffered harms and higher health risks from COVID-19 while locked up at immigration detention centers that faced outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claimants include an American citizen who was erroneously held by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement after being released from state prison, according to the filings, and a father of two originally from the Philippines who became seriously ill after contracting COVID-19 at an ICE facility in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their cases may be the first to challenge the state’s so-called ICE transfers as illegal and even negligent during the pandemic, said ACLU attorney Vasudha Talla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"John Victorio, claimant currently being held by ICE\"]‘When I thought I was going to be released after serving my time … I thought I saw a light at the end of the tunnel. I was ready to see my kids. But now that they’ve transferred me to ICE, I don’t even see a light. I’m still doing time when I already did my time.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation are jeopardizing the safety of people who have served sentences by turning them over to ICE, instead of releasing them to the community, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CDCR officials know the conditions at ICE facilities are so terrible that they are very likely to contract COVID-19 and have serious complications,” said Talla, who directs the ACLU’s Immigrant Rights Program. “And their continuing to transfer people despite having that knowledge is unconstitutional.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claims target CDCR Secretary Kathleen Allison and Gov. Gavin Newsom, who has so far resisted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11827617/state-lawmakers-urge-newsom-to-stop-transferring-people-in-prison-to-ice-in-pandemic\">calls from dozens of state lawmakers and immigrant advocates to stop ICE transfers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDCR, which is exempt from California’s sanctuary law, routinely cooperates with federal immigration authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, state prison officials have handed over more than 1,200 inmates to ICE, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11848154/california-turned-over-an-incarcerated-firefighter-to-ice-lawmakers-urge-newsom-to-end-the-practice\">estimates\u003c/a> by the San Francisco-based Asian Law Caucus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent state Senate hearing, a CDCR official said the agency must honor ICE requests. But advocates and state Sen. Scott Wiener, D-San Francisco, who opposes the practice, said the agency has no legal obligation to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CDCR spokeswoman said the agency couldn’t comment on the pending claims, which can be precursors to a lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CDCR cannot comment on the specifics of pending legal claims,” said agency spokeswoman Dana Simas, in a statement. “To protect public safety, CDCR cooperates with all local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies that have an active hold or detainer for a current California state prison inmate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Gov. Newsom’s office nor ICE immediately responded to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11848154 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/11/Keola-family-visit-1020x696.jpg']Since the start of the pandemic, nearly 25,000 people incarcerated in California prisons have contracted COVID-19, according to CDCR \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/covid19/population-status-tracking/\">figures\u003c/a>, and nearly 8,000 ICE detainees \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus\">nationwide\u003c/a> have tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a federal judge in San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/Mesa-Verde-detention-center-must-keep-testing-15774855.php\">condemned\u003c/a> officials with ICE and the GEO Group, a private prison company, for their treatment of detainees at a facility in Bakersfield during the pandemic. U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria said ICE and GEO made “no meaningful effort to prevent and were totally unprepared to respond to” a severe coronavirus outbreak that sickened dozens of immigrants held at the Mesa Verde facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chhabria also said ICE and GEO Group officials had repeatedly lied to his court, deliberately avoided testing detainees, and that their conduct since the pandemic began had been “appalling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the detainee claimants who got sick during the summer COVID-19 outbreak at Mesa Verde was John Victorio, a 41-year old Filipino immigrant who was transferred from the Shafter State Prison to the detention center in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victorio, who suffers from asthma and other medical issues, was diagnosed with pneumonia after testing positive for the coronavirus in August. He claims Mesa Verde staff took 10 days to give him an inhaler after he was confirmed positive. Months after, he still struggled to breathe at night, according to the filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victorio, the father of two U.S. citizen children, is still being held at Mesa Verde where he is fighting his deportation case. He said that detention has felt like additional punishment after completing his sentence for drug-related convictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I thought I was going to be released after serving my time in CDCR, I thought I saw a light at the end of the tunnel. I was ready to see my kids,” said Victorio, who has lived in the U.S. since age 14, in a statement. “But now that they’ve transferred me to ICE, I don’t even see a light. I’m still doing time when I already did my time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850548\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11850548\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Brian-Bukle-and-son.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"686\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Brian-Bukle-and-son.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Brian-Bukle-and-son-160x137.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brian Bukle with his son in an undated photo. Bukle, a U.S. citizen born in the British Virgin Islands, is one of four claimants seeking damages from California after he was mistakenly transferred to ICE custody upon completion of his state prison sentence. He was held for over a month at an ICE detention center as COVID-19 was sweeping through the facility. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Brian Bukle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another claimant is Brian Bukle, a 61-year-old U.S. citizen who was originally born in the British Virgin Islands. He was set to be released from state prison in June after completing a five-year conviction for assault, said ACLU attorney Talla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Brian Bukle, claimant mistakenly detained by ICE\"]‘I want justice for the pain I went through, and because I want state officials to stop doing this to other people. I want them to stop this nightmare of uncertainty and fear.’[/pullquote]But due to errors in the electronic databases that ICE uses to identify immigrants for arrest, the agency held him at Mesa Verde for over a month while COVID-19 was sweeping through the facility, according to his claim. ICE finally released him in July, after acknowledging his American citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was important for me to file this claim because I want justice for the pain I went through, and because I want state officials to stop doing this to other people,” said Bukle in a statement. “I want them to stop this nightmare of uncertainty and fear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two other claimants are immigrants who served their sentences in state prison and are now fighting deportation proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenny Zhao, an attorney with the Asian Law Caucus, said the claims also challenge the practice by state prison officials of handing over formerly incarcerated people to private contractors ICE hires to make arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhao said the practice is illegal because federal law does not grant authority to private contractors, including a company called G4S Secure Solutions, to make immigration arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claims filed with the state’s Office of Risk and Insurance Management are a prerequisite for the former inmates to be able to sue for money damages in court later on, said the ACLU’s Talla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re hoping the state does the right thing, resolves these claims, stops the transfers from happening in the future and then hopefully no lawsuit is needed,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Four men who were set to be released from California prisons earlier this year but were instead handed over to federal immigration authorities for potential deportation are seeking thousands of dollars in damages from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claims, filed Tuesday by the American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California and Asian Law Caucus, seek over $25,000 for each of the former inmates, who allege they have suffered harms and higher health risks from COVID-19 while locked up at immigration detention centers that faced outbreaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claimants include an American citizen who was erroneously held by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement after being released from state prison, according to the filings, and a father of two originally from the Philippines who became seriously ill after contracting COVID-19 at an ICE facility in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their cases may be the first to challenge the state’s so-called ICE transfers as illegal and even negligent during the pandemic, said ACLU attorney Vasudha Talla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials with the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation are jeopardizing the safety of people who have served sentences by turning them over to ICE, instead of releasing them to the community, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CDCR officials know the conditions at ICE facilities are so terrible that they are very likely to contract COVID-19 and have serious complications,” said Talla, who directs the ACLU’s Immigrant Rights Program. “And their continuing to transfer people despite having that knowledge is unconstitutional.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claims target CDCR Secretary Kathleen Allison and Gov. Gavin Newsom, who has so far resisted \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11827617/state-lawmakers-urge-newsom-to-stop-transferring-people-in-prison-to-ice-in-pandemic\">calls from dozens of state lawmakers and immigrant advocates to stop ICE transfers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CDCR, which is exempt from California’s sanctuary law, routinely cooperates with federal immigration authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, state prison officials have handed over more than 1,200 inmates to ICE, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11848154/california-turned-over-an-incarcerated-firefighter-to-ice-lawmakers-urge-newsom-to-end-the-practice\">estimates\u003c/a> by the San Francisco-based Asian Law Caucus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent state Senate hearing, a CDCR official said the agency must honor ICE requests. But advocates and state Sen. Scott Wiener, D-San Francisco, who opposes the practice, said the agency has no legal obligation to ICE.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A CDCR spokeswoman said the agency couldn’t comment on the pending claims, which can be precursors to a lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CDCR cannot comment on the specifics of pending legal claims,” said agency spokeswoman Dana Simas, in a statement. “To protect public safety, CDCR cooperates with all local, state, and federal law enforcement agencies that have an active hold or detainer for a current California state prison inmate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither Gov. Newsom’s office nor ICE immediately responded to requests for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Since the start of the pandemic, nearly 25,000 people incarcerated in California prisons have contracted COVID-19, according to CDCR \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/covid19/population-status-tracking/\">figures\u003c/a>, and nearly 8,000 ICE detainees \u003ca href=\"https://www.ice.gov/coronavirus\">nationwide\u003c/a> have tested positive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, a federal judge in San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/Mesa-Verde-detention-center-must-keep-testing-15774855.php\">condemned\u003c/a> officials with ICE and the GEO Group, a private prison company, for their treatment of detainees at a facility in Bakersfield during the pandemic. U.S. District Judge Vince Chhabria said ICE and GEO made “no meaningful effort to prevent and were totally unprepared to respond to” a severe coronavirus outbreak that sickened dozens of immigrants held at the Mesa Verde facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chhabria also said ICE and GEO Group officials had repeatedly lied to his court, deliberately avoided testing detainees, and that their conduct since the pandemic began had been “appalling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the detainee claimants who got sick during the summer COVID-19 outbreak at Mesa Verde was John Victorio, a 41-year old Filipino immigrant who was transferred from the Shafter State Prison to the detention center in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victorio, who suffers from asthma and other medical issues, was diagnosed with pneumonia after testing positive for the coronavirus in August. He claims Mesa Verde staff took 10 days to give him an inhaler after he was confirmed positive. Months after, he still struggled to breathe at night, according to the filings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Victorio, the father of two U.S. citizen children, is still being held at Mesa Verde where he is fighting his deportation case. He said that detention has felt like additional punishment after completing his sentence for drug-related convictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I thought I was going to be released after serving my time in CDCR, I thought I saw a light at the end of the tunnel. I was ready to see my kids,” said Victorio, who has lived in the U.S. since age 14, in a statement. “But now that they’ve transferred me to ICE, I don’t even see a light. I’m still doing time when I already did my time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11850548\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11850548\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Brian-Bukle-and-son.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"686\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Brian-Bukle-and-son.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2020/12/Brian-Bukle-and-son-160x137.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brian Bukle with his son in an undated photo. Bukle, a U.S. citizen born in the British Virgin Islands, is one of four claimants seeking damages from California after he was mistakenly transferred to ICE custody upon completion of his state prison sentence. He was held for over a month at an ICE detention center as COVID-19 was sweeping through the facility. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Brian Bukle)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Another claimant is Brian Bukle, a 61-year-old U.S. citizen who was originally born in the British Virgin Islands. He was set to be released from state prison in June after completing a five-year conviction for assault, said ACLU attorney Talla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But due to errors in the electronic databases that ICE uses to identify immigrants for arrest, the agency held him at Mesa Verde for over a month while COVID-19 was sweeping through the facility, according to his claim. ICE finally released him in July, after acknowledging his American citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was important for me to file this claim because I want justice for the pain I went through, and because I want state officials to stop doing this to other people,” said Bukle in a statement. “I want them to stop this nightmare of uncertainty and fear.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two other claimants are immigrants who served their sentences in state prison and are now fighting deportation proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jenny Zhao, an attorney with the Asian Law Caucus, said the claims also challenge the practice by state prison officials of handing over formerly incarcerated people to private contractors ICE hires to make arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zhao said the practice is illegal because federal law does not grant authority to private contractors, including a company called G4S Secure Solutions, to make immigration arrests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The claims filed with the state’s Office of Risk and Insurance Management are a prerequisite for the former inmates to be able to sue for money damages in court later on, said the ACLU’s Talla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re hoping the state does the right thing, resolves these claims, stops the transfers from happening in the future and then hopefully no lawsuit is needed,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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