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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We meet Souleika Dirieh and Tarek Cherif at \u003ca href=\"https://cuesa.org/seller/hummus-heaven\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the hummus factory\u003c/a> they own in San Leandro. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their three-year-old daughter Kawkeb loves playing outdoors. She runs between empty food crates, deep in a game of hide-and-go-seek with her mom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the factory, the Cherifs and their employees make dozens of different types of hummus. Piles of ripped pita bread sizzle in the deep fryer before being sprinkled with spices. They’re packaged and shipped off to farmers markets around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11668659\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11668659\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Souleika Dirieh stands in front of the hummus shop she and her husband own in San Leandro. They believe their daughter got lead poisoning from an apartment they used to rent down the street. \u003ccite>(Angela Johnston)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The hummus factory is right down the street from the studio apartment this family used to live in. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where their lead poisoning story began, a little over three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Hidden Problem\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tarek had just opened the business. He worked late nights, sleeping on the couch so he wouldn’t disturb his wife and daughter when he came home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One day I got sick,” he says. “For three days I was sick in the house. I couldn’t even move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He just couldn’t shake the lingering cold. Souleika and Kawkeb got it too. Her parents say their little girl was sick for about six months with cold symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family only seemed to get better when they left the apartment, like when they went on vacation. Then, one day, Tarek realized he couldn’t find his wedding ring. They tore apart the house looking for it, pulling out the dresser and peering down the sink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We flipped the couch over and everything was green, green and black,” Tarek says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was mold everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t believe it. I mean, I was in shock,” says Tarek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says rainwater that collected on the roof seeped into their walls and onto the floor. The mold was disgusting, but they were about to discover something worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They took Kawkeb to the hospital to see if the mold was making her sick. The doctors ran other tests, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s when we realized that she had lead [poisoning],” says Tarek. “Honestly, the only thing I could think of was that it came from the apartment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Serious Discovery\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention say \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/\">there is no safe level for lead\u003c/a>, but the threshold for intervention is when blood shows more than 5 micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood. Kawkeb’s blood registered a lead level of 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She stopped eating at first. She was always crying for no reason,” Souleika recalls. “Under her eyes were dark circles, and she wanted only my breast milk and not other food, and she would sleep a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That unusual behavior terrified Souleika.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I blamed myself,” she says. “I thought I didn’t take care of her and that she ate something that I did not pay attention to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cherifs came to the U.S. from Africa: Souleika from Djibouti and Tarek from Tunisia. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, most of the time I don’t hear American kids got lead,” says Souleika.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Response Network Kicks Into Gear\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The doctor immediately faxed Kawkeb’s high results to the county. Diep Tran, a county public health nurse, called the Cherifs, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.achhd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alameda County Healthy Homes\u003c/a> department came by to inspect the property for lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cherifs say by the time the county inspectors got there, the landlord had painted over the mold and the lead, so they couldn’t find any initial evidence. Painting over lead does contain it, temporarily solving the problem and making it undetectable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But county officials concluded that when Kawkeb got sick, the mold must have worn down the lead paint on the walls. Lead particles made their way into the air, and onto the floor where Kawkeb used to play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She would get affected more than us,” Tarek says. “We could breathe [it in], but because we are adults we could get rid of it faster than she does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they got Kawkeb into the county’s lead reduction program, the Cherifs moved out temporarily, staying with family while the landlord said he would finish the repairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as soon as they moved back in, Kawkeb’s lead levels didn’t go down like they should. The whole family started to get sick again. Tarek says he could tell the mold and lead weren’t really gone. He called the landlord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I took him inside the house and I showed them the same problem again,” Tarek says. “He wanted to move me to another apartment.” It was a neighboring unit in the building. Tarek wanted the county to come and inspect that unit, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told him, ‘before I could move to another apartment, I’m going to bring in a whole team and test the place and then I’ll move. If it’s safe, I’ll move.’ And I think that’s what actually triggered everything. He evicted us right after that,” Tarek says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Legal Battle Begins\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Cherifs claim their landlord evicted them because they started to put up a fight. They’ve sued their former landlord for wrongful eviction and a host of other habitability claims. Basically, they allege their apartment wasn’t safe to live in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The same day he kicked us out he had another family move into the apartment,” claims Tarek. “He didn’t even clean it. He didn’t do a thing. Nothing. I mean we moved out at midnight, and a new family came in at 8 a.m., and they were already in the apartment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We spoke with the lawyer who represents both Cherifs’ former landlord and the property management company. He said he can’t comment because the case is ongoing, but that his clients “categorically deny any and all of the Cherifs’ claims,” and have not seen any evidence with merit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarek Cherif says he’s worried someone else will get sick staying in his old apartment building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know my neighbors, they’re afraid because the rent is still kind of low. So, they don’t want to move out even though they know there are all these problems,” he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Lead-free, but not cheap\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Cherifs paid just under $900 per month for their old place. The fair market rent for a studio in Alameda County is just over \u003ca href=\"https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/fmr/fmrs/FY2018_code/2018summary.odn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1500\u003c/a> and many go for more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they searched for a new place in San Leandro near Tarek’s hummus shop, they couldn’t find anything. Eventually, they moved to Milpitas, a 40-minute drive away, into a house they shared with Tarek’s brother’s family, creating a joint household of seven people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their rent nearly quadrupled, but the house is safe. Tarek says he had it tested as soon as he moved in. More importantly, he says, Kawkeb’s acting like herself again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s developing normally, she’s grown normal. I mean she speaks, what, seven or eight languages,” Tarek says. “She counts, she knows numbers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her lead levels have gone down significantly, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s fine,” Souleika chimes in. “She’s eating well, she’s playing. She’s hundred percent healthy, and I’m happy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a family dealing with a lead-poisoned child, the Cherifs were actually lucky. They had a safety net, some savings and family they could move in with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens to the families that don’t have anywhere else to move once they discover their child has lead poisoning?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diep Tran, the nurse who handles severe lead poisoning cases in Alameda County, says she strongly urges families to move if the lead problem is too difficult to fix or the property owners can’t be persuaded. State laws dictate landlords must maintain the property — including addressing lead hazards if there is a lead poisoned child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tran says landlords can claim that they want to sell the property instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What if they’re really not trying to sell the property and they just want the family to move so they don’t have to do the work?” asks Tran. “I cannot go back in three months and snoop around and see that that’s what the property owners meant when they said that they are selling. Sometimes they evict the family, and they change their mind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the homeowners can rent to someone who can pay more, or sell the property altogether. She says sometimes this type of gentrification can result in lead cleanup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a low-income family moves out, the property owners repaint and remodel the apartment or the house and can charge double or triple the price.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tran says when families have no other options, she actually may encourage them to go to a homeless shelter. That actually ups their chance of getting affordable and lead-safe housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other families, Tran says, move to Stockton, Antioch, Vallejo or Concord — suburbs on the edge of the Bay Area or Central Valley with cheaper, newer homes that don’t have lead paint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, some eight million homes were built before lead paint was banned in the 1970s. There are some 400,00 such homes in Alameda County alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11668663\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11668663\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-800x568.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"568\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-800x568.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-1200x853.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-1180x838.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-960x682.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-240x171.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-375x266.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-520x369.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alameda County’s public health department put together this lead poisoning heat map that accounts for several risk factors like race, poverty level, education, and age of homes. There is a higher risk of lead poisoning in the darker areas. \u003ccite>(Alameda County's Community Assessment Planning Evaluation (CAPE))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To follow up on her hunch, we called a handful of Bay Area fair-housing agencies. They told us they’re seeing an alarming trend: clusters of refugees and immigrants in unsafe housing. That practice of landlords taking advantage of people they know won’t be able to fight back is called \u003ca href=\"http://ced.berkeley.edu/downloads/gallery/incity/su13/incity_bayarea_voicesoftheregion_2013.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">predatory habitability\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s no surprise to Souleika Cherif. She says, older housing stock often ends up going to people who have fewer resources to deal with problems like lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is part of a \u003ca href=\"http://kalw.org/post/lead-and-bay-area-housing-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">longer story\u003c/a> in a KALW series \u003ca href=\"http://kalw.org/term/persistent-poison-leads-toxic-legacy-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Persistent Poison: Lead’s Toxic Legacy in the Bay Area.”\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Persistent Poison: Skyrocketing Rents Trap Families in Homes with Lead Paint | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We meet Souleika Dirieh and Tarek Cherif at \u003ca href=\"https://cuesa.org/seller/hummus-heaven\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the hummus factory\u003c/a> they own in San Leandro. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their three-year-old daughter Kawkeb loves playing outdoors. She runs between empty food crates, deep in a game of hide-and-go-seek with her mom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside the factory, the Cherifs and their employees make dozens of different types of hummus. Piles of ripped pita bread sizzle in the deep fryer before being sprinkled with spices. They’re packaged and shipped off to farmers markets around the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11668659\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11668659\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30976_IMG_2172-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Souleika Dirieh stands in front of the hummus shop she and her husband own in San Leandro. They believe their daughter got lead poisoning from an apartment they used to rent down the street. \u003ccite>(Angela Johnston)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The hummus factory is right down the street from the studio apartment this family used to live in. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s where their lead poisoning story began, a little over three years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Hidden Problem\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Tarek had just opened the business. He worked late nights, sleeping on the couch so he wouldn’t disturb his wife and daughter when he came home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One day I got sick,” he says. “For three days I was sick in the house. I couldn’t even move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He just couldn’t shake the lingering cold. Souleika and Kawkeb got it too. Her parents say their little girl was sick for about six months with cold symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The family only seemed to get better when they left the apartment, like when they went on vacation. Then, one day, Tarek realized he couldn’t find his wedding ring. They tore apart the house looking for it, pulling out the dresser and peering down the sink.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We flipped the couch over and everything was green, green and black,” Tarek says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was mold everywhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t believe it. I mean, I was in shock,” says Tarek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says rainwater that collected on the roof seeped into their walls and onto the floor. The mold was disgusting, but they were about to discover something worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They took Kawkeb to the hospital to see if the mold was making her sick. The doctors ran other tests, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s when we realized that she had lead [poisoning],” says Tarek. “Honestly, the only thing I could think of was that it came from the apartment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Serious Discovery\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention say \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/\">there is no safe level for lead\u003c/a>, but the threshold for intervention is when blood shows more than 5 micrograms of lead per deciliter of blood. Kawkeb’s blood registered a lead level of 23.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She stopped eating at first. She was always crying for no reason,” Souleika recalls. “Under her eyes were dark circles, and she wanted only my breast milk and not other food, and she would sleep a lot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That unusual behavior terrified Souleika.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I blamed myself,” she says. “I thought I didn’t take care of her and that she ate something that I did not pay attention to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cherifs came to the U.S. from Africa: Souleika from Djibouti and Tarek from Tunisia. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, most of the time I don’t hear American kids got lead,” says Souleika.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Response Network Kicks Into Gear\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The doctor immediately faxed Kawkeb’s high results to the county. Diep Tran, a county public health nurse, called the Cherifs, and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.achhd.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alameda County Healthy Homes\u003c/a> department came by to inspect the property for lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Cherifs say by the time the county inspectors got there, the landlord had painted over the mold and the lead, so they couldn’t find any initial evidence. Painting over lead does contain it, temporarily solving the problem and making it undetectable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But county officials concluded that when Kawkeb got sick, the mold must have worn down the lead paint on the walls. Lead particles made their way into the air, and onto the floor where Kawkeb used to play.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She would get affected more than us,” Tarek says. “We could breathe [it in], but because we are adults we could get rid of it faster than she does.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once they got Kawkeb into the county’s lead reduction program, the Cherifs moved out temporarily, staying with family while the landlord said he would finish the repairs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as soon as they moved back in, Kawkeb’s lead levels didn’t go down like they should. The whole family started to get sick again. Tarek says he could tell the mold and lead weren’t really gone. He called the landlord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I took him inside the house and I showed them the same problem again,” Tarek says. “He wanted to move me to another apartment.” It was a neighboring unit in the building. Tarek wanted the county to come and inspect that unit, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I told him, ‘before I could move to another apartment, I’m going to bring in a whole team and test the place and then I’ll move. If it’s safe, I’ll move.’ And I think that’s what actually triggered everything. He evicted us right after that,” Tarek says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Legal Battle Begins\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Cherifs claim their landlord evicted them because they started to put up a fight. They’ve sued their former landlord for wrongful eviction and a host of other habitability claims. Basically, they allege their apartment wasn’t safe to live in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The same day he kicked us out he had another family move into the apartment,” claims Tarek. “He didn’t even clean it. He didn’t do a thing. Nothing. I mean we moved out at midnight, and a new family came in at 8 a.m., and they were already in the apartment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We spoke with the lawyer who represents both Cherifs’ former landlord and the property management company. He said he can’t comment because the case is ongoing, but that his clients “categorically deny any and all of the Cherifs’ claims,” and have not seen any evidence with merit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tarek Cherif says he’s worried someone else will get sick staying in his old apartment building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know my neighbors, they’re afraid because the rent is still kind of low. So, they don’t want to move out even though they know there are all these problems,” he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Lead-free, but not cheap\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Cherifs paid just under $900 per month for their old place. The fair market rent for a studio in Alameda County is just over \u003ca href=\"https://www.huduser.gov/portal/datasets/fmr/fmrs/FY2018_code/2018summary.odn\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1500\u003c/a> and many go for more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they searched for a new place in San Leandro near Tarek’s hummus shop, they couldn’t find anything. Eventually, they moved to Milpitas, a 40-minute drive away, into a house they shared with Tarek’s brother’s family, creating a joint household of seven people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their rent nearly quadrupled, but the house is safe. Tarek says he had it tested as soon as he moved in. More importantly, he says, Kawkeb’s acting like herself again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s developing normally, she’s grown normal. I mean she speaks, what, seven or eight languages,” Tarek says. “She counts, she knows numbers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her lead levels have gone down significantly, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She’s fine,” Souleika chimes in. “She’s eating well, she’s playing. She’s hundred percent healthy, and I’m happy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a family dealing with a lead-poisoned child, the Cherifs were actually lucky. They had a safety net, some savings and family they could move in with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens to the families that don’t have anywhere else to move once they discover their child has lead poisoning?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Diep Tran, the nurse who handles severe lead poisoning cases in Alameda County, says she strongly urges families to move if the lead problem is too difficult to fix or the property owners can’t be persuaded. State laws dictate landlords must maintain the property — including addressing lead hazards if there is a lead poisoned child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tran says landlords can claim that they want to sell the property instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What if they’re really not trying to sell the property and they just want the family to move so they don’t have to do the work?” asks Tran. “I cannot go back in three months and snoop around and see that that’s what the property owners meant when they said that they are selling. Sometimes they evict the family, and they change their mind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, the homeowners can rent to someone who can pay more, or sell the property altogether. She says sometimes this type of gentrification can result in lead cleanup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After a low-income family moves out, the property owners repaint and remodel the apartment or the house and can charge double or triple the price.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tran says when families have no other options, she actually may encourage them to go to a homeless shelter. That actually ups their chance of getting affordable and lead-safe housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other families, Tran says, move to Stockton, Antioch, Vallejo or Concord — suburbs on the edge of the Bay Area or Central Valley with cheaper, newer homes that don’t have lead paint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, some eight million homes were built before lead paint was banned in the 1970s. There are some 400,00 such homes in Alameda County alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11668663\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11668663\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-800x568.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"568\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-800x568.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-1020x725.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-1200x853.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-1180x838.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-960x682.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-240x171.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-375x266.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30978_PHOTO_HEATMAP-qut-520x369.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alameda County’s public health department put together this lead poisoning heat map that accounts for several risk factors like race, poverty level, education, and age of homes. There is a higher risk of lead poisoning in the darker areas. \u003ccite>(Alameda County's Community Assessment Planning Evaluation (CAPE))\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To follow up on her hunch, we called a handful of Bay Area fair-housing agencies. They told us they’re seeing an alarming trend: clusters of refugees and immigrants in unsafe housing. That practice of landlords taking advantage of people they know won’t be able to fight back is called \u003ca href=\"http://ced.berkeley.edu/downloads/gallery/incity/su13/incity_bayarea_voicesoftheregion_2013.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">predatory habitability\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s no surprise to Souleika Cherif. She says, older housing stock often ends up going to people who have fewer resources to deal with problems like lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is part of a \u003ca href=\"http://kalw.org/post/lead-and-bay-area-housing-crisis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">longer story\u003c/a> in a KALW series \u003ca href=\"http://kalw.org/term/persistent-poison-leads-toxic-legacy-bay-area\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“Persistent Poison: Lead’s Toxic Legacy in the Bay Area.”\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. House of Representatives voted down the so-called farm bill Friday on a \u003ca href=\"http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2018/roll205.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">213-198 vote\u003c/a>. The bill’s failure proved a high-stakes embarrassment to GOP leadership, which spent days attempting to wrangle enough votes for the massive piece of legislation setting agriculture and food policy, with a price tag of $857 billion over 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As expected, all Democrats voted against the measure. They were also joined by 30 Republicans, many of them members of the House Freedom Caucus, who voted “no” after failing to get concessions on spending and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/17/politics/conservative-bill-immigration-daca-negotiations/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">future vote on immigration\u003c/a> in exchange for their support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the big picture, the farm bill would have continued subsidies for farmers. But a key sticking point in the measure, particularly for Democrats, was proposed changes to food stamps — officially known as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP — which helps \u003ca href=\"https://www.fns.usda.gov/pd/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">42 million Americans, \u003c/a>including one in 10 Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi characterized the bill as “cruel” and “destructive,” and summed up her party’s stiff opposition just two hours before the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/NancyPelosi/status/997488952369143808\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 \u003c/a>proposed to shift billions of dollars to employment and training programs, while substantially increasing the number of people who would need to prove they are working or enrolled in job training to get the monthly nutrition benefits, which average $126 per person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While opponents argued the changes would lead to more low-income Americans going hungry, supporters said they would help move people out of poverty and strengthen the country’s workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Food stamps should be for the neediest in our community,” said \u003ca href=\"https://denham.house.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rep. Jeff Denham\u003c/a> (R-Turlock), a member of the \u003ca href=\"https://agriculture.house.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">House Committee on Agriculture\u003c/a>, who voted for the farm bill in committee last month. “If you’re able-bodied and you are work-capable, we want to make sure you find a job and you get the training that you need to lift yourself out of poverty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, adults ages 18 to 49 who don’t have dependents or disabilities must prove they are working or in job training at least 20 hours per week to receive SNAP benefits for more than three months. The bill would have substantially expanded the requirement to include adults up to age 59 and parents with children older than age 5. Recipients would have had to show they were meeting the new rules on a monthly basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denham represents a portion of the Central Valley, a region where SNAP, called\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdss.ca.gov/food-nutrition/calfresh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> CalFresh\u003c/a> in California, helps reduce more poverty than elsewhere in the state, according to an \u003ca href=\"http://calbudgetcenter.org/resources/calfresh-cuts-poverty-congressional-districts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analysis\u003c/a> by the California Budget & Policy Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denham acknowledged the potential difficulty for low-income Californians who are already struggling to get by. But he said his own family was able to get off the food aid when he was growing up to achieve greater financial stability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, when my parents were on food stamps it was a challenging situation where my mom needed to go back out and get new training to be able to get a new job,” Denham said. “It’s very difficult, I get it. But I also understand that you are able to improve your life by working and actually having a job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spending on SNAP and other nutrition programs makes up the largest portion of the farm bill’s cost, about 76 percent. Last year, the federal government spent $68 billion on the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the failed bill, about 1.2 million people would have stopped receiving SNAP benefits as a result of the tighter work requirements in 2028, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbpp.org/blog/6-takeaways-from-cbo-estimate-of-house-agriculture-committee-snap-proposals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according\u003c/a> to the nonpartisan Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. The majority of them would have been parents with older kids — although children receiving the benefit would not be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For food banks, that spelled bad news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any cuts to SNAP guarantee that we will see an increase of individuals, families in our food pantry lines. And we are not prepared to meet that need,” said Natalie Caples, chief operations officer at\u003ca href=\"http://www.communityfoodbank.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Community Food Bank\u003c/a>, which serves Fresno and four other counties in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caples said that for every 12 meals that SNAP provides, food banks in the\u003ca href=\"http://www.feedingamerica.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Feeding America\u003c/a> network make up just one meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way,” she said. “We don’t have the resources to make up those additional meals that SNAP currently provides in our service area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11668977\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11668977\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People wait their turn to get bags of fresh vegetables, bread and other staples at a food pantry volunteers set up by a park in Mendota, California, on May 10, 2018. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At a food pantry that volunteers set up in a parking lot in\u003ca href=\"http://ci.mendota.ca.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Mendota\u003c/a>, a small city surrounded by agricultural fields, Maria Escobar awaited her turn to reach for a Community Food Bank cardboard box with cabbage and broccoli, bread, a chicken and other staples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Escobar, 30, said she sometimes supplements her household’s CalFresh benefits with additional food from the pantry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With my kids, it’s really difficult, because food is so expensive,” Escobar said. She has three kids at home, ages 8, 10 and 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Escobar is a farmworker, but the jobs are seasonal. As a single parent, she said it would have been difficult to meet the proposed requirements to avoid a drop in benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know what I would do,” Escobar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnocitycollege.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fresno City College\u003c/a> student Frederick Johnson, the $190 he receives monthly in CalFresh benefits is one of the few things he can currently count on in life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson, 22, has struggled with homelessness. But he still goes to school full time and works a minimum-wage job at the college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t come from the best family. I come from a bad neighborhood as well. So I know I got to work twice as hard to be on everybody else’s level,” said Johnson, a biochemistry major who dreams of working in a lab as a medical researcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11668975\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11668975\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frederick Johnson, 22, takes a break from his studies by the library at Fresno City College. Johnson wants to become a medical researcher, and says his SNAP benefits help him stay in school. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently, California has a waiver that exempts SNAP recipients like Johnson from having to prove they are working 20 hours per week. But that waiver expires this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having to find more work hours, to keep more than one month of CalFresh benefits at a time, would have made it harder for him to stay in school, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t feel like they should add pressure to people on CalFresh,” Johnson said of lawmakers backing the farm bill. “I feel like they should sincerely just help them and give them more time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Brian Naylor and Kelsey Snell contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. House of Representatives voted down the so-called farm bill Friday on a \u003ca href=\"http://clerk.house.gov/evs/2018/roll205.xml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">213-198 vote\u003c/a>. The bill’s failure proved a high-stakes embarrassment to GOP leadership, which spent days attempting to wrangle enough votes for the massive piece of legislation setting agriculture and food policy, with a price tag of $857 billion over 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As expected, all Democrats voted against the measure. They were also joined by 30 Republicans, many of them members of the House Freedom Caucus, who voted “no” after failing to get concessions on spending and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/05/17/politics/conservative-bill-immigration-daca-negotiations/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">future vote on immigration\u003c/a> in exchange for their support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the big picture, the farm bill would have continued subsidies for farmers. But a key sticking point in the measure, particularly for Democrats, was proposed changes to food stamps — officially known as the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, or SNAP — which helps \u003ca href=\"https://www.fns.usda.gov/pd/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">42 million Americans, \u003c/a>including one in 10 Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic Leader Nancy Pelosi characterized the bill as “cruel” and “destructive,” and summed up her party’s stiff opposition just two hours before the vote.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/house-bill/2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Agriculture and Nutrition Act of 2018 \u003c/a>proposed to shift billions of dollars to employment and training programs, while substantially increasing the number of people who would need to prove they are working or enrolled in job training to get the monthly nutrition benefits, which average $126 per person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While opponents argued the changes would lead to more low-income Americans going hungry, supporters said they would help move people out of poverty and strengthen the country’s workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Food stamps should be for the neediest in our community,” said \u003ca href=\"https://denham.house.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rep. Jeff Denham\u003c/a> (R-Turlock), a member of the \u003ca href=\"https://agriculture.house.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">House Committee on Agriculture\u003c/a>, who voted for the farm bill in committee last month. “If you’re able-bodied and you are work-capable, we want to make sure you find a job and you get the training that you need to lift yourself out of poverty.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationwide, adults ages 18 to 49 who don’t have dependents or disabilities must prove they are working or in job training at least 20 hours per week to receive SNAP benefits for more than three months. The bill would have substantially expanded the requirement to include adults up to age 59 and parents with children older than age 5. Recipients would have had to show they were meeting the new rules on a monthly basis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denham represents a portion of the Central Valley, a region where SNAP, called\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdss.ca.gov/food-nutrition/calfresh\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> CalFresh\u003c/a> in California, helps reduce more poverty than elsewhere in the state, according to an \u003ca href=\"http://calbudgetcenter.org/resources/calfresh-cuts-poverty-congressional-districts/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analysis\u003c/a> by the California Budget & Policy Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Denham acknowledged the potential difficulty for low-income Californians who are already struggling to get by. But he said his own family was able to get off the food aid when he was growing up to achieve greater financial stability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, when my parents were on food stamps it was a challenging situation where my mom needed to go back out and get new training to be able to get a new job,” Denham said. “It’s very difficult, I get it. But I also understand that you are able to improve your life by working and actually having a job.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spending on SNAP and other nutrition programs makes up the largest portion of the farm bill’s cost, about 76 percent. Last year, the federal government spent $68 billion on the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the failed bill, about 1.2 million people would have stopped receiving SNAP benefits as a result of the tighter work requirements in 2028, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbpp.org/blog/6-takeaways-from-cbo-estimate-of-house-agriculture-committee-snap-proposals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according\u003c/a> to the nonpartisan Center on Budget and Policy Priorities. The majority of them would have been parents with older kids — although children receiving the benefit would not be affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For food banks, that spelled bad news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any cuts to SNAP guarantee that we will see an increase of individuals, families in our food pantry lines. And we are not prepared to meet that need,” said Natalie Caples, chief operations officer at\u003ca href=\"http://www.communityfoodbank.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Community Food Bank\u003c/a>, which serves Fresno and four other counties in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caples said that for every 12 meals that SNAP provides, food banks in the\u003ca href=\"http://www.feedingamerica.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Feeding America\u003c/a> network make up just one meal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s no way,” she said. “We don’t have the resources to make up those additional meals that SNAP currently provides in our service area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11668977\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11668977\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30999_IMG_1665-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People wait their turn to get bags of fresh vegetables, bread and other staples at a food pantry volunteers set up by a park in Mendota, California, on May 10, 2018. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At a food pantry that volunteers set up in a parking lot in\u003ca href=\"http://ci.mendota.ca.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Mendota\u003c/a>, a small city surrounded by agricultural fields, Maria Escobar awaited her turn to reach for a Community Food Bank cardboard box with cabbage and broccoli, bread, a chicken and other staples.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Escobar, 30, said she sometimes supplements her household’s CalFresh benefits with additional food from the pantry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With my kids, it’s really difficult, because food is so expensive,” Escobar said. She has three kids at home, ages 8, 10 and 11.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Escobar is a farmworker, but the jobs are seasonal. As a single parent, she said it would have been difficult to meet the proposed requirements to avoid a drop in benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t know what I would do,” Escobar said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnocitycollege.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fresno City College\u003c/a> student Frederick Johnson, the $190 he receives monthly in CalFresh benefits is one of the few things he can currently count on in life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson, 22, has struggled with homelessness. But he still goes to school full time and works a minimum-wage job at the college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t come from the best family. I come from a bad neighborhood as well. So I know I got to work twice as hard to be on everybody else’s level,” said Johnson, a biochemistry major who dreams of working in a lab as a medical researcher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11668975\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11668975\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30997_IMG_1727-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Frederick Johnson, 22, takes a break from his studies by the library at Fresno City College. Johnson wants to become a medical researcher, and says his SNAP benefits help him stay in school. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently, California has a waiver that exempts SNAP recipients like Johnson from having to prove they are working 20 hours per week. But that waiver expires this summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having to find more work hours, to keep more than one month of CalFresh benefits at a time, would have made it harder for him to stay in school, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t feel like they should add pressure to people on CalFresh,” Johnson said of lawmakers backing the farm bill. “I feel like they should sincerely just help them and give them more time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Brian Naylor and Kelsey Snell contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California’s Deadly STD Epidemic Sets Record",
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"content": "\u003cp>Diagnoses of sexually transmitted diseases hit a record high in California last year — with sometimes deadly consequences, according to preliminary \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/STDs-CA-2017Snapshot.pdf\">state data\u003c/a> released this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 300,000 cases of gonorrhea, chlamydia and syphilis — the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infections — were reported in 2017. That represents a 45 percent increase since 2013 and the highest number since at least 1990, state Department of Public Health numbers show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those cases had tragic endings: Thirty of the 278 babies affected by congenital syphilis in 2017 were stillbirths, the highest number in 22 years. \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/syphilis-among-california-newborns-spikes-amid-broader-std-epidemic/\">Congenital syphilis\u003c/a> occurs when syphilis passes from a pregnant woman to her fetus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has the second-highest rate of congenital syphilis in the country after Louisiana, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats16/tables/41.htm\">most recent national data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting a lot of … younger pregnant women infected with syphilis and not getting prenatal care,” said Mario Alfaro, regional program director for education at Planned Parenthood Mar Monte in Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno County accounted for 60 of the state’s congenital syphilis cases last year, including seven stillbirths, said Joe Prado, a division manager at the county Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno County participates in a pilot program run by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the state public health department to address congenital syphilis. Officials say the program has already increased outreach and screening but that the number of diagnoses is still rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newborns with congenital syphilis may suffer from deformed bones, severe anemia, blindness, deafness or other symptoms. According to the CDC, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/stdfact-congenital-syphilis.htm\">up to 40 percent of babies born\u003c/a> to women with untreated syphilis may be stillborn or die from the infection as a newborn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alfaro cited lack of access to health care, insurance and education as contributing factors to the rise in congenital syphilis. “All of those things are a deadly combination,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prado also pointed to a rise in syphilis among methamphetamine users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re just seeing this is a more difficult population to get a hold of, to reach and really be able to get them to consent and agree to treatment,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chlamydia has increased 9 percent in California since 2016. Chlamydia is more prevalent in women, while gonorrhea, which has increased 16 percent since 2016, is more common in men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Half of chlamydia and a third of gonorrhea cases are folks under age 25,” said Dr. Heidi Bauer, the state public health department’s chief of the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control Branch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her division released this preliminary data this week, a few months before the final numbers become available, because the increases are so dramatic, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rates of both chlamydia and gonorrhea are nearly five times higher among blacks than whites. And men who have sex with men also have much higher rates of infection than the general population. Their rates of syphilis are more than 20 times the overall rate, and their rates of gonorrhea are more than 15 times the overall rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s data did not include HIV, a viral STD. New HIV infections fell in both California and nationwide from 2012 to 2016, in part because of \u003ca href=\"https://www.hiv.gov/blog/new-hiv-infections-drop-18-percent-in-six-years\">improved treatment\u003c/a> and increased use of the \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/use-of-hiv-prevention-drug-grows-but-lags-among-non-whites/\">HIV-prevention pill known as PrEP\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there’s \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/gonorrhea-rate-has-shot-up-in-california/\">no one clear reason for the increases\u003c/a> of the other STDs, Bauer pointed to “very high rates of folks who are not accessing sexual health services and aren’t getting screened frequently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If left untreated, chlamydia and gonorrhea can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain. Syphilis can cause permanent vision and hearing loss, and other neurological problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once diagnosed, doctors can often cure these sexually transmitted diseases with antibiotics, said Dr. Karen Smith, the state’s public health director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because these infections often appear without symptoms, San Francisco County wants to make sure the hardest-hit populations have access to regular screenings, said Dr. Susan Philip, a division director at the county Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Making sure that there are culturally appropriate and sensitive services … where young people would be willing to seek care becomes really important,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, a service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a> (KHN) is a national health policy news service. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\">Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a> which is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Diagnoses of sexually transmitted diseases hit a record high in California last year — with sometimes deadly consequences, according to preliminary \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/CDPH%20Document%20Library/STDs-CA-2017Snapshot.pdf\">state data\u003c/a> released this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 300,000 cases of gonorrhea, chlamydia and syphilis — the most common sexually transmitted bacterial infections — were reported in 2017. That represents a 45 percent increase since 2013 and the highest number since at least 1990, state Department of Public Health numbers show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of those cases had tragic endings: Thirty of the 278 babies affected by congenital syphilis in 2017 were stillbirths, the highest number in 22 years. \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/syphilis-among-california-newborns-spikes-amid-broader-std-epidemic/\">Congenital syphilis\u003c/a> occurs when syphilis passes from a pregnant woman to her fetus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has the second-highest rate of congenital syphilis in the country after Louisiana, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/std/stats16/tables/41.htm\">most recent national data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re getting a lot of … younger pregnant women infected with syphilis and not getting prenatal care,” said Mario Alfaro, regional program director for education at Planned Parenthood Mar Monte in Fresno.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno County accounted for 60 of the state’s congenital syphilis cases last year, including seven stillbirths, said Joe Prado, a division manager at the county Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno County participates in a pilot program run by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the state public health department to address congenital syphilis. Officials say the program has already increased outreach and screening but that the number of diagnoses is still rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newborns with congenital syphilis may suffer from deformed bones, severe anemia, blindness, deafness or other symptoms. According to the CDC, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdc.gov/std/syphilis/stdfact-congenital-syphilis.htm\">up to 40 percent of babies born\u003c/a> to women with untreated syphilis may be stillborn or die from the infection as a newborn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alfaro cited lack of access to health care, insurance and education as contributing factors to the rise in congenital syphilis. “All of those things are a deadly combination,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prado also pointed to a rise in syphilis among methamphetamine users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re just seeing this is a more difficult population to get a hold of, to reach and really be able to get them to consent and agree to treatment,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chlamydia has increased 9 percent in California since 2016. Chlamydia is more prevalent in women, while gonorrhea, which has increased 16 percent since 2016, is more common in men.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Half of chlamydia and a third of gonorrhea cases are folks under age 25,” said Dr. Heidi Bauer, the state public health department’s chief of the Sexually Transmitted Diseases Control Branch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her division released this preliminary data this week, a few months before the final numbers become available, because the increases are so dramatic, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rates of both chlamydia and gonorrhea are nearly five times higher among blacks than whites. And men who have sex with men also have much higher rates of infection than the general population. Their rates of syphilis are more than 20 times the overall rate, and their rates of gonorrhea are more than 15 times the overall rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s data did not include HIV, a viral STD. New HIV infections fell in both California and nationwide from 2012 to 2016, in part because of \u003ca href=\"https://www.hiv.gov/blog/new-hiv-infections-drop-18-percent-in-six-years\">improved treatment\u003c/a> and increased use of the \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/use-of-hiv-prevention-drug-grows-but-lags-among-non-whites/\">HIV-prevention pill known as PrEP\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there’s \u003ca href=\"https://californiahealthline.org/news/gonorrhea-rate-has-shot-up-in-california/\">no one clear reason for the increases\u003c/a> of the other STDs, Bauer pointed to “very high rates of folks who are not accessing sexual health services and aren’t getting screened frequently.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If left untreated, chlamydia and gonorrhea can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy and chronic pelvic pain. Syphilis can cause permanent vision and hearing loss, and other neurological problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once diagnosed, doctors can often cure these sexually transmitted diseases with antibiotics, said Dr. Karen Smith, the state’s public health director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because these infections often appear without symptoms, San Francisco County wants to make sure the hardest-hit populations have access to regular screenings, said Dr. Susan Philip, a division director at the county Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Making sure that there are culturally appropriate and sensitive services … where young people would be willing to seek care becomes really important,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, a service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a> (KHN) is a national health policy news service. It is an editorially independent program of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kff.org/\">Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation\u003c/a> which is not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — A California judge on Tuesday threw out a 2016 state law allowing the terminally ill to end their lives, ruling it was unconstitutionally approved by the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riverside County Superior Court Judge Daniel Ottolia said lawmakers acted illegally in passing the law during a special session devoted to other topics, said lawyers for supporters and opponents. He did not address the legal issue of whether it was proper to allow people to take their own lives, and gave the state attorney general five days to appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We strongly disagree with this ruling and the state is seeking expedited review in the Court of Appeal,” Attorney General Xavier Becerra said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://lifelegaldefensefoundation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Life Legal Defense Foundation\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ethicalhealthcare.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Academy of Medical Ethics\u003c/a> and several physicians challenged the law, which allows adults to obtain a prescription for life-ending drugs if a doctor has determined they have six months or less to live. The plaintiffs say the law lacks safeguards to protect against abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California health officials reported that 111 terminally ill people took drugs to end their lives in the first six months after the law went into effect on June 9, 2016, and made the option legal in the nation’s most populous state. Oregon was the first to provide the option in 1997. There are also laws on the books in Washington state, Vermont, Colorado, Hawaii, Montana and Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.compassionandchoices.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Compassion & Choices\u003c/a>, a national organization that advocated for the law, estimated that in its first year 504 Californians requested prescriptions for medical aid in dying, but had no further update Tuesday. The next report on how many people took the drugs is due in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our supporters, they’ve frankly expressed shock at this outcome. They’re disappointed that this end-of-life option could be taken away,” said John Kappos, an attorney representing Compassion & Choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alexandra Snyder, an attorney and executive director of Life Legal Defense Foundation, said the judge ruled that lawmakers effectively “hijacked” a special legislative session that was called to address access to medical care and used it to pass their bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Access to health care has no relationship to assisted suicide,” she said, saying it set a dangerous precedent that undermines the legislative process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents have argued that hastening death is morally wrong, puts terminally ill patients at risk for coerced death by loved ones and could become a way out for people who are uninsured or fearful of high medical bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have people at likely the most vulnerable time of their lives. Potentially facing large medical expenses,” Snyder said. “And that puts them in a position of being vulnerable to pressure not just from families but their own pressure that maybe this is a cheaper, less burdensome way to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic state \u003ca href=\"http://sd17.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sen. Bill Monning\u003c/a> of Carmel, who carried the original legislation, said the bill was properly considered in the special session and followed “every rule of transparency and openness.” Lawmakers could try to pass it again if the law ultimately is rejected by the courts, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, he said, there has been “not a single report of malfeasance or problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems a very desperate move — trying to argue that the way we did it in a special session of the Legislature should be grounds for invalidating the law. It was Gov. [Jerry] Brown who signed the law. He could have vetoed the bill or refused to sign it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monning said he has received several letters of thanks from relatives of patients who took life-ending medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly Davis’ 41-year-old sister, Betsy Davis, was one of the first to use the law as she was dying of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, that slowly robbed her of her ability to use her muscles, including to swallow and communicate. She held a two-day party in Ojai to celebrate the end of her life with about two dozen friends, giving away her possessions and ordering her favorite foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I keep thinking of all the people who are facing a terminal illness and they’re considering the use of this law, and they’re in limbo right now and this right might be taken away from them,” Davis said. “It gave her back control of her life, it let her die on her own terms. And if this had happened leading up to her death or when she thought she’d be able to use the law, she would have been devastated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Attorney General’s Office said in court papers that medical professionals have the right to refuse to prescribe and dispense the drugs. Under the law, the terminally ill person must be able to self-administer the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Laura Klivans and the Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>SACRAMENTO — A California judge on Tuesday threw out a 2016 state law allowing the terminally ill to end their lives, ruling it was unconstitutionally approved by the Legislature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Riverside County Superior Court Judge Daniel Ottolia said lawmakers acted illegally in passing the law during a special session devoted to other topics, said lawyers for supporters and opponents. He did not address the legal issue of whether it was proper to allow people to take their own lives, and gave the state attorney general five days to appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We strongly disagree with this ruling and the state is seeking expedited review in the Court of Appeal,” Attorney General Xavier Becerra said in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://lifelegaldefensefoundation.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Life Legal Defense Foundation\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://ethicalhealthcare.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">American Academy of Medical Ethics\u003c/a> and several physicians challenged the law, which allows adults to obtain a prescription for life-ending drugs if a doctor has determined they have six months or less to live. The plaintiffs say the law lacks safeguards to protect against abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California health officials reported that 111 terminally ill people took drugs to end their lives in the first six months after the law went into effect on June 9, 2016, and made the option legal in the nation’s most populous state. Oregon was the first to provide the option in 1997. There are also laws on the books in Washington state, Vermont, Colorado, Hawaii, Montana and Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.compassionandchoices.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Compassion & Choices\u003c/a>, a national organization that advocated for the law, estimated that in its first year 504 Californians requested prescriptions for medical aid in dying, but had no further update Tuesday. The next report on how many people took the drugs is due in July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our supporters, they’ve frankly expressed shock at this outcome. They’re disappointed that this end-of-life option could be taken away,” said John Kappos, an attorney representing Compassion & Choices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alexandra Snyder, an attorney and executive director of Life Legal Defense Foundation, said the judge ruled that lawmakers effectively “hijacked” a special legislative session that was called to address access to medical care and used it to pass their bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Access to health care has no relationship to assisted suicide,” she said, saying it set a dangerous precedent that undermines the legislative process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents have argued that hastening death is morally wrong, puts terminally ill patients at risk for coerced death by loved ones and could become a way out for people who are uninsured or fearful of high medical bills.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have people at likely the most vulnerable time of their lives. Potentially facing large medical expenses,” Snyder said. “And that puts them in a position of being vulnerable to pressure not just from families but their own pressure that maybe this is a cheaper, less burdensome way to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic state \u003ca href=\"http://sd17.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sen. Bill Monning\u003c/a> of Carmel, who carried the original legislation, said the bill was properly considered in the special session and followed “every rule of transparency and openness.” Lawmakers could try to pass it again if the law ultimately is rejected by the courts, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, he said, there has been “not a single report of malfeasance or problems.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It seems a very desperate move — trying to argue that the way we did it in a special session of the Legislature should be grounds for invalidating the law. It was Gov. [Jerry] Brown who signed the law. He could have vetoed the bill or refused to sign it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monning said he has received several letters of thanks from relatives of patients who took life-ending medications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly Davis’ 41-year-old sister, Betsy Davis, was one of the first to use the law as she was dying of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, commonly known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, that slowly robbed her of her ability to use her muscles, including to swallow and communicate. She held a two-day party in Ojai to celebrate the end of her life with about two dozen friends, giving away her possessions and ordering her favorite foods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I keep thinking of all the people who are facing a terminal illness and they’re considering the use of this law, and they’re in limbo right now and this right might be taken away from them,” Davis said. “It gave her back control of her life, it let her die on her own terms. And if this had happened leading up to her death or when she thought she’d be able to use the law, she would have been devastated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Attorney General’s Office said in court papers that medical professionals have the right to refuse to prescribe and dispense the drugs. Under the law, the terminally ill person must be able to self-administer the drugs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Laura Klivans and the Associated Press contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "a-fresno-moms-faith-in-her-child-despite-what-the-doctors-said",
"title": "A Fresno Mom's Faith in Her Child, Despite What the Doctors Said",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]W[/dropcap]hen Shanae Fuller gave birth to her son, Jerry, she hardly got to see him. She didn’t get to hold him, or listen to him cry. He was whisked away to a different hospital across town for emergency surgery. Even after the surgery, it was hard to make out the shape and feel of her baby. Jerry was wrapped in bandages and tubes and wires. His whimpers were muffled by the persistent beeps of nearby monitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeing her son in the neonatal intensive care unit, Fuller was overcome with a wave of anger. Anger at fate for bringing her and Jerry here. But really anger at the doctors and nurses. She was mad at her mom and her boyfriend. No one had prepared her for this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I first seen him, his eyes was covered, his feet was covered, and his hands was covered,” said the 22-year-old Fresno woman. “So I knew that something was wrong, or something was different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller didn’t figure out she was pregnant with Jerry until her 19th week. She was on a very reliable contraceptive shot called Depo-Provera and visited her gynecologist’s office every three months for an injection. The symptoms that she noticed in those first few months of pregnancy, like slight weight gain and spotting, were also side effects of the contraceptive shot. Fuller was raising a 5-year-old daughter and had plans to find a path away from her Taco Bell job and back to college. It was a path that didn’t include another child, at least not yet. So when she finally took a pregnancy test, she was shocked. And she was disappointed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was afraid of what people were going to say,” she said. “I was disappointed within myself, and my well-being, and where I was in life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her boyfriend tried to stay upbeat. Together, they went to their first ultrasound appointment, where they’d find out the sex of the baby. Her boyfriend cheered when they heard, “It’s a boy.” Fuller asked, “Wait. Are you sure?” Nervous excitement filled the air. And then the tone changed. There was mostly silence, as the nurse pointed out something that required the doctor’s attention. Fuller’s baby boy had spina bifida. Ten minutes later, they faced a counselor who gave them an explanation of the condition. But the conversation didn’t do much beyond fill Fuller’s head with jargon and questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667908\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11667908\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1078\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-1200x674.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-960x539.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shanae Fuller’s first ultrasound revealed her baby boy had spina bifida. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Shanae Fuller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spina bifida translates from Latin to “split spine.” It’s a rare birth defect in which the neural tube, which houses the spinal cord, doesn’t close all the way. A bulge can form, made up of fluid, nerves and the spinal cord. Physical and even developmental disabilities can follow. It’s a defect that’s even rarer for Fuller: African-Americans are less likely to have spina bifida than whites or Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller isn’t sure if she might have learned something during those first weeks of her pregnancy that could have changed its outcome. She never took folic acid, for example. When women take folic acid in the first trimester, it reduces the risk of neural tube defects by 70 percent. Fuller had never heard how important it was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only thing that truly resonated from that first meeting with the counselor was that the medical professionals taking care of Fuller didn’t think her son would survive. They gave her a few options, including terminating the pregnancy. Fuller is deeply religious and didn’t consider that an option for herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hospital in San Francisco offered fetal surgery, an operation on the fetus’ spine in utero. Fuller said her insurance didn’t cover the cost of the procedure, which added up to $40,000. She and her family tried to think of way they might be able to afford it, but the brainstorming didn’t last long. It’s more than Fuller makes in a year, and travel to San Francisco put it way out of the question. That intervention wasn’t within reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Fuller could have a baby boy with spina bifida. Doctors warned of the statistical odds and the challenges she’d face. She heard that by continuing her pregnancy, she’d be “taking a chance.” She found it hard to prepare to be a good mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was hard to be happy. Because every day that I wanted to be happy, I kept thinking, ‘OK, maybe he’s gonna die today. Or maybe tomorrow. Maybe he’s not going to make it,’ ” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller felt isolated in the experience. She didn’t know anyone else who faced this sort of challenge. People of color with disabilities, particularly those who fall under the poverty line, are not well represented in American media, in movies or in stories. In recent years, activists like Vilissa Thompson have made that clear with the popularity of a hashtag, #DisabilityTooWhite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller realized that to be the best mom for Jerry, she had to be his advocate. But it wasn’t easy. She was a young African-American woman without a college degree. Beginning with her first appointment, during which she found out about Jerry’s spina bifida, doctors presented her with jargon and little patience for explaining details. She takes a notebook to Jerry’s appointments, which she fills with medical words she doesn’t fully understand. She looks them up later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it came to making decisions about Jerry’s health, she often felt like the medical system didn’t want her input. She questioned doctors about whether he needed a certain surgery. She fought for Jerry to get his wheelchair and braces. She asked whether child care workers were being too hard on him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She stayed optimistic, through one bad prognosis after another. “They said for his first birthday he wasn’t going to make it,” said Fuller. “He’s here. His second birthday he wasn’t going to make it. He’s here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shanae worries about Jerry’s pain. “I don’t know how he feels on the inside,” she says. “And he’s not going to say. He can’t tell us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jerry is now 4 years old. He happily crawls around and sees a physical therapist to make progress toward walking. He’s closer to talking than doctors ever predicted. He counts and sings his ABCs. Jerry has brought Fuller patience and warmth. “He makes me feel all mushy inside. I just want to cry, not because I’m sad but because I’m just so proud and so happy of everything that he’s accomplished in his life,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having Jerry has also made her interact with the medical system in a way she never did before. The medical system requires its users to have a lot of information: where to go, who to ask for, what to question, what to suggest. It’s a system that, to her, seemed resistant to have her participate at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said if she could, she’d work with children with special needs and be an advocate professionally. She lists her dream jobs: social worker, nurse, aide. But she can’t go back to school right now. She and her boyfriend are expecting another baby, a boy. She’s taking all the prenatal vitamins, trying to do it right. But she said no matter what the outcome of this pregnancy is, she knows she’ll be a good mom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Julia Vassey contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">W\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>hen Shanae Fuller gave birth to her son, Jerry, she hardly got to see him. She didn’t get to hold him, or listen to him cry. He was whisked away to a different hospital across town for emergency surgery. Even after the surgery, it was hard to make out the shape and feel of her baby. Jerry was wrapped in bandages and tubes and wires. His whimpers were muffled by the persistent beeps of nearby monitors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seeing her son in the neonatal intensive care unit, Fuller was overcome with a wave of anger. Anger at fate for bringing her and Jerry here. But really anger at the doctors and nurses. She was mad at her mom and her boyfriend. No one had prepared her for this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I first seen him, his eyes was covered, his feet was covered, and his hands was covered,” said the 22-year-old Fresno woman. “So I knew that something was wrong, or something was different.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller didn’t figure out she was pregnant with Jerry until her 19th week. She was on a very reliable contraceptive shot called Depo-Provera and visited her gynecologist’s office every three months for an injection. The symptoms that she noticed in those first few months of pregnancy, like slight weight gain and spotting, were also side effects of the contraceptive shot. Fuller was raising a 5-year-old daughter and had plans to find a path away from her Taco Bell job and back to college. It was a path that didn’t include another child, at least not yet. So when she finally took a pregnancy test, she was shocked. And she was disappointed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was afraid of what people were going to say,” she said. “I was disappointed within myself, and my well-being, and where I was in life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her boyfriend tried to stay upbeat. Together, they went to their first ultrasound appointment, where they’d find out the sex of the baby. Her boyfriend cheered when they heard, “It’s a boy.” Fuller asked, “Wait. Are you sure?” Nervous excitement filled the air. And then the tone changed. There was mostly silence, as the nurse pointed out something that required the doctor’s attention. Fuller’s baby boy had spina bifida. Ten minutes later, they faced a counselor who gave them an explanation of the condition. But the conversation didn’t do much beyond fill Fuller’s head with jargon and questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11667908\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11667908\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1078\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-800x449.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-1020x573.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-1200x674.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-1180x663.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-960x539.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/RS30912_Shanae-Jerry-Ultrasound-qut-520x292.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shanae Fuller’s first ultrasound revealed her baby boy had spina bifida. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Shanae Fuller)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Spina bifida translates from Latin to “split spine.” It’s a rare birth defect in which the neural tube, which houses the spinal cord, doesn’t close all the way. A bulge can form, made up of fluid, nerves and the spinal cord. Physical and even developmental disabilities can follow. It’s a defect that’s even rarer for Fuller: African-Americans are less likely to have spina bifida than whites or Latinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller isn’t sure if she might have learned something during those first weeks of her pregnancy that could have changed its outcome. She never took folic acid, for example. When women take folic acid in the first trimester, it reduces the risk of neural tube defects by 70 percent. Fuller had never heard how important it was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only thing that truly resonated from that first meeting with the counselor was that the medical professionals taking care of Fuller didn’t think her son would survive. They gave her a few options, including terminating the pregnancy. Fuller is deeply religious and didn’t consider that an option for herself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A hospital in San Francisco offered fetal surgery, an operation on the fetus’ spine in utero. Fuller said her insurance didn’t cover the cost of the procedure, which added up to $40,000. She and her family tried to think of way they might be able to afford it, but the brainstorming didn’t last long. It’s more than Fuller makes in a year, and travel to San Francisco put it way out of the question. That intervention wasn’t within reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, Fuller could have a baby boy with spina bifida. Doctors warned of the statistical odds and the challenges she’d face. She heard that by continuing her pregnancy, she’d be “taking a chance.” She found it hard to prepare to be a good mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was hard to be happy. Because every day that I wanted to be happy, I kept thinking, ‘OK, maybe he’s gonna die today. Or maybe tomorrow. Maybe he’s not going to make it,’ ” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller felt isolated in the experience. She didn’t know anyone else who faced this sort of challenge. People of color with disabilities, particularly those who fall under the poverty line, are not well represented in American media, in movies or in stories. In recent years, activists like Vilissa Thompson have made that clear with the popularity of a hashtag, #DisabilityTooWhite.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fuller realized that to be the best mom for Jerry, she had to be his advocate. But it wasn’t easy. She was a young African-American woman without a college degree. Beginning with her first appointment, during which she found out about Jerry’s spina bifida, doctors presented her with jargon and little patience for explaining details. She takes a notebook to Jerry’s appointments, which she fills with medical words she doesn’t fully understand. She looks them up later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it came to making decisions about Jerry’s health, she often felt like the medical system didn’t want her input. She questioned doctors about whether he needed a certain surgery. She fought for Jerry to get his wheelchair and braces. She asked whether child care workers were being too hard on him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She stayed optimistic, through one bad prognosis after another. “They said for his first birthday he wasn’t going to make it,” said Fuller. “He’s here. His second birthday he wasn’t going to make it. He’s here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shanae worries about Jerry’s pain. “I don’t know how he feels on the inside,” she says. “And he’s not going to say. He can’t tell us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Jerry is now 4 years old. He happily crawls around and sees a physical therapist to make progress toward walking. He’s closer to talking than doctors ever predicted. He counts and sings his ABCs. Jerry has brought Fuller patience and warmth. “He makes me feel all mushy inside. I just want to cry, not because I’m sad but because I’m just so proud and so happy of everything that he’s accomplished in his life,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having Jerry has also made her interact with the medical system in a way she never did before. The medical system requires its users to have a lot of information: where to go, who to ask for, what to question, what to suggest. It’s a system that, to her, seemed resistant to have her participate at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said if she could, she’d work with children with special needs and be an advocate professionally. She lists her dream jobs: social worker, nurse, aide. But she can’t go back to school right now. She and her boyfriend are expecting another baby, a boy. She’s taking all the prenatal vitamins, trying to do it right. But she said no matter what the outcome of this pregnancy is, she knows she’ll be a good mom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>San Francisco hands out millions of syringes a year to drug users but has little control over how they are discarded and that’s contributing to thousands of complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city distributes an estimated 400,000 syringes each month through \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/363143/san-franciscos-newest-tool-to-prevent-opioid-overdoses-tests-drugs-starts-conversations\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">various programs\u003c/a> aimed at reducing HIV and other health risks for drug users. About 246,000 syringes are discarded through the city’s 13 syringe access and disposal sites. But thousands of the others end up on streets, in parks and other public areas, the San Francisco Chronicle reported Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Syringes discarded in public places have become a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659999/orange-countys-only-needle-exchange-program-seeks-to-go-mobile\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">nationwide problem\u003c/a> amid growing heroin use. But in compact San Francisco, where there is a growing homeless population, the problem is a lot more visible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the city’s logged more than 9,500 requests for needle pick-up. This year, there has been more than 3,700 requests already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the city has no plans to change its policy of handing out unlimited numbers of needles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Research shows that reducing access to clean syringes increases disease and does not improve the problem of needle litter,” said Barbara Garcia, director of the Department of Public Health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To address the problem, San Francisco Mayor Farrell has hired 10 workers whose sole job will be to pick up needles starting in June.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>San Francisco hands out millions of syringes a year to drug users but has little control over how they are discarded and that’s contributing to thousands of complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city distributes an estimated 400,000 syringes each month through \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/stateofhealth/363143/san-franciscos-newest-tool-to-prevent-opioid-overdoses-tests-drugs-starts-conversations\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">various programs\u003c/a> aimed at reducing HIV and other health risks for drug users. About 246,000 syringes are discarded through the city’s 13 syringe access and disposal sites. But thousands of the others end up on streets, in parks and other public areas, the San Francisco Chronicle reported Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Syringes discarded in public places have become a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659999/orange-countys-only-needle-exchange-program-seeks-to-go-mobile\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">nationwide problem\u003c/a> amid growing heroin use. But in compact San Francisco, where there is a growing homeless population, the problem is a lot more visible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the city’s logged more than 9,500 requests for needle pick-up. This year, there has been more than 3,700 requests already.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the city has no plans to change its policy of handing out unlimited numbers of needles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Suzanne Adams stood outside \u003ca href=\"http://www.catsinc.org/a-woman-s-place.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Woman’s Place\u003c/a>, a homeless drop-in center in San Francisco. Adams, who works there as a psychologist, pointed to the curb near the front entrance. It's where taxis regularly drop off homeless patients who have just been discharged from the hospital. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally speaking the driver is kind enough to assist some of these women in exiting the vehicle and grabbing some of their belongings,\" Adams said. \"The patient or client enters in through our door sometimes bewildered and confused as to why they’re here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many of the women are elderly. Some have never been to A Woman's Place before the taxi drops them off, while others are regulars. Whatever the case, the center just isn’t prepared to take in medically fragile patients straight from the hospital, according to Adams. It’s not a clinic, and it’s not even a shelter. Women and families can stop in to take showers, do laundry or get counseling. There aren’t any beds, just a television set and lots of chairs. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1152\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A bill\u003c/a> under consideration in Sacramento aims to address this practice, which some advocates call \"patient dumping.\" They say hospitals commonly discharge homeless patients by sending them to social service agencies or other nonprofits, and they do this without contacting those locations first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adams said this “dumping” happens at least once a week at A Woman's Place. One of the cases that haunts her involves an elderly woman who has a serious mental illness. Recently, the client had deteriorated so much that she couldn’t use the toilet alone. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She wasn’t leaving the building under her own accord,\" Adams said. \"She wasn’t accessing food or water without the assistance of other people. She tried to pay me a dollar the other day to go buy her some ramen so that she could eat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adams sent the woman to the hospital, hoping psychiatric services would help. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, less than 24 hours later, she returned here,\" Adams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The same client was resting at the center on the day a KQED reporter visited, sitting in a black chair that she favors. Adams said the woman’s mental illness still wasn't well-controlled, so she couldn't speak coherently or consent to an interview. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In an ideal world, she would be transferred to a 'board and care' or an assisted living facility, where they could manage her mental health as well as her medical health in a fashion that we simply don’t have the infrastructure for,\" Adams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The legislation moving through the state Senate would require that patients be discharged to one of four \"safe and appropriate\" locations: their primary dwelling (as identified by the homeless patient), another health center or hospital, a nonprofit or social service agency that has given written consent to accept the patient, or an alternative spot that the patient has consented to go to, in writing. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://sd22.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sen. Ed Hernandez\u003c/a>, D-West Covina, introduced the bill. He said hospitals, as part of society, have obligations to homeless Californians. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If they fall down and have a heart attack, and somebody sends them to the hospital, we’re required by law -- which is the humane thing to do -- to treat those individuals,\" said Hernandez, who is an optometrist and chair of the Senate Health Committee. He was referring to a federal law called \u003ca href=\"https://www.acep.org/news-media-top-banner/emtala/#sm.000005tj0xf3geeirxddg2ghqr9qa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EMTALA\u003c/a>, which mandates that emergency rooms accept and treat everyone, regardless of ability to pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But EMTALA doesn't address how patients are discharged from ERs. \"Once they’re treated, the humane thing is to figure out where we’re going to place them, as opposed to just leaving them out in the street immediately,\" Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">His bill would require some additional work on the part of ER staffers at California hospitals, such as getting consent from a shelter where the hospital wants to send the patient. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can’t imagine that it’s going to be that costly to pick up the phone,\" Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The legislation also lays out a checklist of things to do before discharge. For example, the patient must be hydrated, have recently eaten and be dressed in weather-appropriate clothing. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But hospitals are pushing back, saying the list is too specific, and doesn’t give hospital workers enough flexibility to decide what’s right for each patient. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.calhospital.org/profile/peggy-broussard-wheeler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peggy Wheeler\u003c/a> is the vice president for rural health and governance for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhospital.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Hospital Association\u003c/a>. She said the bill would put yet another burden on emergency care. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hospital ERs are overcrowded,\" Wheeler said. \"If we had to hold on to a patient in a bed in the ER, that’s one less bed, two less beds, three less beds that would be available for other members of the community that need to come in and use the ER.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adams, the psychologist at A Woman’s Place, thinks the bill is a good step. But she said it doesn’t get at the \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">root \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">problem, which is that the Bay Area doesn’t have enough options for patients who still need help \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">after\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> they leave the hospital. There aren’t enough nursing homes, rehabilitation units or assisted care programs for elderly, low-income or disabled patients. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a health insurance issue, it’s an aging issue, it’s a lack of infrastructure and funding,\" Adams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Until that gets fixed, Adams fears many patients will continue to shuttle between hospitals, the shelter system and the street. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Suzanne Adams stood outside \u003ca href=\"http://www.catsinc.org/a-woman-s-place.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A Woman’s Place\u003c/a>, a homeless drop-in center in San Francisco. Adams, who works there as a psychologist, pointed to the curb near the front entrance. It's where taxis regularly drop off homeless patients who have just been discharged from the hospital. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally speaking the driver is kind enough to assist some of these women in exiting the vehicle and grabbing some of their belongings,\" Adams said. \"The patient or client enters in through our door sometimes bewildered and confused as to why they’re here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many of the women are elderly. Some have never been to A Woman's Place before the taxi drops them off, while others are regulars. Whatever the case, the center just isn’t prepared to take in medically fragile patients straight from the hospital, according to Adams. It’s not a clinic, and it’s not even a shelter. Women and families can stop in to take showers, do laundry or get counseling. There aren’t any beds, just a television set and lots of chairs. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1152\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A bill\u003c/a> under consideration in Sacramento aims to address this practice, which some advocates call \"patient dumping.\" They say hospitals commonly discharge homeless patients by sending them to social service agencies or other nonprofits, and they do this without contacting those locations first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adams said this “dumping” happens at least once a week at A Woman's Place. One of the cases that haunts her involves an elderly woman who has a serious mental illness. Recently, the client had deteriorated so much that she couldn’t use the toilet alone. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She wasn’t leaving the building under her own accord,\" Adams said. \"She wasn’t accessing food or water without the assistance of other people. She tried to pay me a dollar the other day to go buy her some ramen so that she could eat.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adams sent the woman to the hospital, hoping psychiatric services would help. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, less than 24 hours later, she returned here,\" Adams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The same client was resting at the center on the day a KQED reporter visited, sitting in a black chair that she favors. Adams said the woman’s mental illness still wasn't well-controlled, so she couldn't speak coherently or consent to an interview. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In an ideal world, she would be transferred to a 'board and care' or an assisted living facility, where they could manage her mental health as well as her medical health in a fashion that we simply don’t have the infrastructure for,\" Adams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The legislation moving through the state Senate would require that patients be discharged to one of four \"safe and appropriate\" locations: their primary dwelling (as identified by the homeless patient), another health center or hospital, a nonprofit or social service agency that has given written consent to accept the patient, or an alternative spot that the patient has consented to go to, in writing. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://sd22.senate.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sen. Ed Hernandez\u003c/a>, D-West Covina, introduced the bill. He said hospitals, as part of society, have obligations to homeless Californians. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If they fall down and have a heart attack, and somebody sends them to the hospital, we’re required by law -- which is the humane thing to do -- to treat those individuals,\" said Hernandez, who is an optometrist and chair of the Senate Health Committee. He was referring to a federal law called \u003ca href=\"https://www.acep.org/news-media-top-banner/emtala/#sm.000005tj0xf3geeirxddg2ghqr9qa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">EMTALA\u003c/a>, which mandates that emergency rooms accept and treat everyone, regardless of ability to pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But EMTALA doesn't address how patients are discharged from ERs. \"Once they’re treated, the humane thing is to figure out where we’re going to place them, as opposed to just leaving them out in the street immediately,\" Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">His bill would require some additional work on the part of ER staffers at California hospitals, such as getting consent from a shelter where the hospital wants to send the patient. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can’t imagine that it’s going to be that costly to pick up the phone,\" Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The legislation also lays out a checklist of things to do before discharge. For example, the patient must be hydrated, have recently eaten and be dressed in weather-appropriate clothing. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But hospitals are pushing back, saying the list is too specific, and doesn’t give hospital workers enough flexibility to decide what’s right for each patient. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.calhospital.org/profile/peggy-broussard-wheeler\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Peggy Wheeler\u003c/a> is the vice president for rural health and governance for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.calhospital.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Hospital Association\u003c/a>. She said the bill would put yet another burden on emergency care. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Hospital ERs are overcrowded,\" Wheeler said. \"If we had to hold on to a patient in a bed in the ER, that’s one less bed, two less beds, three less beds that would be available for other members of the community that need to come in and use the ER.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adams, the psychologist at A Woman’s Place, thinks the bill is a good step. But she said it doesn’t get at the \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">root \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">problem, which is that the Bay Area doesn’t have enough options for patients who still need help \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">after\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> they leave the hospital. There aren’t enough nursing homes, rehabilitation units or assisted care programs for elderly, low-income or disabled patients. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s a health insurance issue, it’s an aging issue, it’s a lack of infrastructure and funding,\" Adams said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Until that gets fixed, Adams fears many patients will continue to shuttle between hospitals, the shelter system and the street. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Choosing the right mental health therapist means finding connection and trust. For some African-American seniors living in the Bay Area, finding that therapist takes extra work. Finding someone they trust and who understands the challenges older people face is important, but African-American seniors say another major factor is that the provider understands race and culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paula Marie Parker, 64, is a retired newspaper journalist. She stays active in the Oakland community as a health advocate for people of color and as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bv468eIM0dU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">storyteller\u003c/a>. Parker’s family has a history of mental health challenges, and she is particular about what she seeks in a therapist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m looking for somebody who is a really good listener,” Parker says. “I’m looking for somebody who is empathetic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parker, who identifies as African-American with some Native American ancestry, says a therapist with an understanding of her race and culture is another requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am really focused on finding someone who’s a fit for me as a woman of color,” Parker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding a black therapist can be tough, even in a city as diverse as Oakland. According to the American Psychological Association, a little over 5 percent of working psychologists in the country are black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African-Americans, including those who are seniors, go to therapy in lower numbers compared to white people. Lack of financial resources to pay for treatment is one reason. But there’s also concern the provider won’t understand, nor empathize, with their racial and cultural experiences. Black seniors face problems in their personal lives, but social issues affect them, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“White therapists may be really great, “ Parker says. “But when you talk about the [mental] impact of worrying about black men in your family being pulled over by the police, beaten or killed — they just can’t feel it the way that somebody of an African-American background can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parker bonded with her former black therapist, who was closer to middle age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would hug at the end of the session,” she recalls. “Even though she wasn’t my age, she was a woman of enough age that she understood a lot of things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parker is currently with a therapist who is white, whom she likes. They discussed early on Parker’s need for a therapist to understand her race and culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Day one I was worried that I would scare her off,” Parker says. “But I just laid my cards out on the table. I still think that’s just the best way because she will understand why I seem skittish. I’m sizing her up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior black clients come in the door dealing with the high cost of living, homelessness, raising their grandchildren, health issues and more, according to Dr. Patricia Maul-Jones, an African-American psychotherapist who practices in the Pill Hill neighborhood, home to many Oakland hospitals and medical clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maul-Jones came to this practice when there were no black therapists. She says older black clients had a hard time opening up with her white colleague. But Maul-Jones made a connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They say, ‘You know exactly where I’m coming from,’” Maul-Jones says. “Yeah I know, because that’s my uncle, that’s me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Ripple Effect of Medical Racism\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maul-Jones says African-American seniors have some distrust of the mental health field and remember historical incidents of medical racism like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/05/16/youve-got-bad-blood-the-horror-of-the-tuskegee-syphilis-experiment/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.970421a8e3dd\">Tuskegee experiment.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Racial inequality in health services still exists. A 2011 \u003ca href=\"http://www.acbhcs.org/providers/QI/docs/Alameda_African_American_Utilization_Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alameda County Behavioral Health Care Services report\u003c/a> said African-Americans are disproportionately misdiagnosed and labeled with mental health issues that are much more serious than their actual problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maul-Jones says it’s important for providers to know and understand the history of black clients. Generations of trauma continue to affect African-Americans’ mental health, such as poverty, abuse and daily encounters with racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if you were not personally traumatized, your mother probably was, your grandmother probably was, your neighbor, so you are surrounded by trauma in some form,” Maul-Jones says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chances are there was little to no mental health support to help them recover from the trauma years ago. But some effort is being made in the field today, such as cultural trainings and classes for aspiring therapists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are those who can’t or choose not to see a therapist. They may turn instead to community structures for mental health support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Anderson is one example. He’s chairman of \u003ca href=\"https://blackmenspeak.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Black Men Speak\u003c/a>, a group in East Oakland that spreads the word about mental health to the community. Many of the men who participate are over 50 and live with mental health challenges common in elderly populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m 69 years old and I cannot work full time,” Anderson says. “I do not have the income to rent a home or even an apartment right now. I’m basically homeless, living in a room.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson has been a Black Men Speak member for nearly 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Black Men Speak became my lifesaver, my support group,” he says. “I have people with similar backgrounds, who share the same hopes, who have been through some of the traumatic situations. But they found a way to create something. That’s how Black Men Speak was created.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Anderson is around people who share his culture. Years ago, he had a white therapist who he says didn’t listen to him during their sessions. The therapist made an angry phone call to Anderson when he stopped using his services. It brought back memories from Anderson’s early days in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It made me feel like I was down South again,” Anderson recalls. “Like the boss man was telling me what I should do and then reprimands me because I didn’t.“\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He stopped seeing therapists after that incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It goes back to basically respect,” adds 63-year-old James Glenn, a member of Black Men Speak who is also a retired assistant mental health clinician. “One of the worst sins that anyone can do working with a black person is not listen to them. And I mean really empathetically listen to them. Listening not only with the words, but with the body language.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many African-American seniors in California, like Joe Anderson, are from the South and still practice Southern manners. They expect a higher level of respect when speaking with them, such as the provider asking if they prefer to be called mister or miss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Maul-Jones explains: “You go to therapy, walk in and a young white woman says, ‘OK John, I’ll see you.’ She says a black senior may think, ‘This white woman called me John?’ It’s uncomfortable. Now as a senior, I’m wondering if you’re disrespectful because I’m black and you’re white.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This question of disrespect may resurrect memories from a time when black people had to address white people by their last names, but white people addressed black people by their first names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, with so few black providers available, Paula Marie Parker urges seniors to remain open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are really good people out there, in all colors,” she says. “It might be somebody who is in a whole other packaging and yet is an old soul who can really hear you and help you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parker says the lack of black therapists won’t stop her from working on healing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced with the support of a journalism fellowship from New America Media, the Gerontological Society of America and the Commonwealth Fund.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Choosing the right mental health therapist means finding connection and trust. For some African-American seniors living in the Bay Area, finding that therapist takes extra work. Finding someone they trust and who understands the challenges older people face is important, but African-American seniors say another major factor is that the provider understands race and culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paula Marie Parker, 64, is a retired newspaper journalist. She stays active in the Oakland community as a health advocate for people of color and as a \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bv468eIM0dU\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">storyteller\u003c/a>. Parker’s family has a history of mental health challenges, and she is particular about what she seeks in a therapist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m looking for somebody who is a really good listener,” Parker says. “I’m looking for somebody who is empathetic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parker, who identifies as African-American with some Native American ancestry, says a therapist with an understanding of her race and culture is another requirement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am really focused on finding someone who’s a fit for me as a woman of color,” Parker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finding a black therapist can be tough, even in a city as diverse as Oakland. According to the American Psychological Association, a little over 5 percent of working psychologists in the country are black.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>African-Americans, including those who are seniors, go to therapy in lower numbers compared to white people. Lack of financial resources to pay for treatment is one reason. But there’s also concern the provider won’t understand, nor empathize, with their racial and cultural experiences. Black seniors face problems in their personal lives, but social issues affect them, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“White therapists may be really great, “ Parker says. “But when you talk about the [mental] impact of worrying about black men in your family being pulled over by the police, beaten or killed — they just can’t feel it the way that somebody of an African-American background can.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parker bonded with her former black therapist, who was closer to middle age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would hug at the end of the session,” she recalls. “Even though she wasn’t my age, she was a woman of enough age that she understood a lot of things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parker is currently with a therapist who is white, whom she likes. They discussed early on Parker’s need for a therapist to understand her race and culture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Day one I was worried that I would scare her off,” Parker says. “But I just laid my cards out on the table. I still think that’s just the best way because she will understand why I seem skittish. I’m sizing her up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senior black clients come in the door dealing with the high cost of living, homelessness, raising their grandchildren, health issues and more, according to Dr. Patricia Maul-Jones, an African-American psychotherapist who practices in the Pill Hill neighborhood, home to many Oakland hospitals and medical clinics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maul-Jones came to this practice when there were no black therapists. She says older black clients had a hard time opening up with her white colleague. But Maul-Jones made a connection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They say, ‘You know exactly where I’m coming from,’” Maul-Jones says. “Yeah I know, because that’s my uncle, that’s me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Ripple Effect of Medical Racism\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maul-Jones says African-American seniors have some distrust of the mental health field and remember historical incidents of medical racism like the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/05/16/youve-got-bad-blood-the-horror-of-the-tuskegee-syphilis-experiment/?noredirect=on&utm_term=.970421a8e3dd\">Tuskegee experiment.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Racial inequality in health services still exists. A 2011 \u003ca href=\"http://www.acbhcs.org/providers/QI/docs/Alameda_African_American_Utilization_Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alameda County Behavioral Health Care Services report\u003c/a> said African-Americans are disproportionately misdiagnosed and labeled with mental health issues that are much more serious than their actual problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maul-Jones says it’s important for providers to know and understand the history of black clients. Generations of trauma continue to affect African-Americans’ mental health, such as poverty, abuse and daily encounters with racism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even if you were not personally traumatized, your mother probably was, your grandmother probably was, your neighbor, so you are surrounded by trauma in some form,” Maul-Jones says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chances are there was little to no mental health support to help them recover from the trauma years ago. But some effort is being made in the field today, such as cultural trainings and classes for aspiring therapists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are those who can’t or choose not to see a therapist. They may turn instead to community structures for mental health support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Anderson is one example. He’s chairman of \u003ca href=\"https://blackmenspeak.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Black Men Speak\u003c/a>, a group in East Oakland that spreads the word about mental health to the community. Many of the men who participate are over 50 and live with mental health challenges common in elderly populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m 69 years old and I cannot work full time,” Anderson says. “I do not have the income to rent a home or even an apartment right now. I’m basically homeless, living in a room.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anderson has been a Black Men Speak member for nearly 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Black Men Speak became my lifesaver, my support group,” he says. “I have people with similar backgrounds, who share the same hopes, who have been through some of the traumatic situations. But they found a way to create something. That’s how Black Men Speak was created.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Anderson is around people who share his culture. Years ago, he had a white therapist who he says didn’t listen to him during their sessions. The therapist made an angry phone call to Anderson when he stopped using his services. It brought back memories from Anderson’s early days in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It made me feel like I was down South again,” Anderson recalls. “Like the boss man was telling me what I should do and then reprimands me because I didn’t.“\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He stopped seeing therapists after that incident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It goes back to basically respect,” adds 63-year-old James Glenn, a member of Black Men Speak who is also a retired assistant mental health clinician. “One of the worst sins that anyone can do working with a black person is not listen to them. And I mean really empathetically listen to them. Listening not only with the words, but with the body language.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many African-American seniors in California, like Joe Anderson, are from the South and still practice Southern manners. They expect a higher level of respect when speaking with them, such as the provider asking if they prefer to be called mister or miss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Maul-Jones explains: “You go to therapy, walk in and a young white woman says, ‘OK John, I’ll see you.’ She says a black senior may think, ‘This white woman called me John?’ It’s uncomfortable. Now as a senior, I’m wondering if you’re disrespectful because I’m black and you’re white.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This question of disrespect may resurrect memories from a time when black people had to address white people by their last names, but white people addressed black people by their first names.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, with so few black providers available, Paula Marie Parker urges seniors to remain open.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are really good people out there, in all colors,” she says. “It might be somebody who is in a whole other packaging and yet is an old soul who can really hear you and help you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parker says the lack of black therapists won’t stop her from working on healing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced with the support of a journalism fellowship from New America Media, the Gerontological Society of America and the Commonwealth Fund.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2108\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bill\u003c/a> that would have made California the first state to ban youth tackle football was shelved at the end of April, following major \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocregister.com/2018/04/27/law-to-ban-tackle-football-for-california-youth-falls-short-of-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pushback\u003c/a> from parents, coaches and football fans.[contextly_sidebar id=”3BKDehAqDVxXqjXF1gjQRNg4qvtqDn2e”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers collected more than 45,000 signatures opposing the ban, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/2018/04/27/lawmakers-sideline-bill-ban-preteen-tackle-football/560916002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocregister.com/2018/04/27/law-to-ban-tackle-football-for-california-youth-falls-short-of-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Orange County Register\u003c/a> reported …\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(T)he backlash was swift and unyielding. Coaches and parents flooded phone lines, email boxes and talk radio, condemning the bills and questioning the science behind them. Within weeks, three of five bills were dead or left in legislative purgatory, crushed under the weight of youth football’s influence.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I have a problem with the idea that we’re going to take kids that we already know are vulnerable, and we are gonna hit them in the head a few hundred times a year.’ \u003ccite>Christopher Nowinski, co-founder of Boston University’s CTE Center\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2108\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Safe Youth Football Act\u003c/a> would have barred children below age 12 from playing organized tackle football. The legislation was drafted in consultation with medical professionals who say the ban would protect youth from a degenerative brain disease known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370921\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chronic traumatic encephalopathy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those views were bolstered by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bumc.bu.edu/busm/2018/04/30/youth-tackle-football-linked-to-earlier-onset-of-cognitive-and-emotional-symptoms-in-athletes-diagnosed-with-cte-after-death/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study \u003c/a>published April 30 that found playing youth tackle football may lead to earlier onset of cognitive, behavioral and emotional symptoms in later life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the Boston University School of Medicine conducted telephone interviews with the friends and relatives of 246 deceased football players and found that those who played tackle football before 12 experienced symptoms on average 13 years earlier than those who started playing at an older age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers took into account different styles of play and forms of protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It took looking at 246 brains and seeing this in nearly 90 percent of them to say, ‘Hey, you know what, the research is becoming very clear, that you hit someone in the head too much, you’ll give them this disease,’ ” Christopher Nowinski, co-founder of Boston University’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.bu.edu/cte/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CTE Center\u003c/a>, said on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101865041/after-california-ban-fails-controversy-persists-over-youth-tackle-football\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED’s Forum program \u003c/a>last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Rafter, the president of Southern Marin Youth Football who started a group to oppose the ban, disputes those findings and says the sport is “safer than its ever been.”[contextly_sidebar id=”mIxCIh40B3GwZE3hvjgDhmoIUuc7rwZy”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pointed to revised coaching methods and behavior modification techniques that he argues have made the sport safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The game that was played 40 to 50 years ago is no longer played now,” he said. “The techniques that are taught right now in youth football across America are to take the head out of the tackle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Public Health Issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Nowinski, a former football player, says changes made in the sport are not enough to make it safe for youth. The problem is not the occasional major hit to the head, he said, but the repetitive tackling, hitting and blocking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the best data that we are going to have for decades, because we have taken the effort to actually build the world’s largest brain bank of former football players, and we just really struggle to find football players who don’t have CTE who’ve had long careers,” he said. “Even if we diagnose concussions, a concussion happens maybe once out of every couple thousand of times a child is hit in the head. CTE risk is related to those thousands of hits, not to that concussion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowinski says the issue is a matter of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about protecting kids from degenerative brain disease. It’s not unlike saying, ‘Let’s take the lead out of the paint in their home because it might rot their brain.’ Let’s not hit them in the head 500 times because it might rot their brain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rafter says eliminating football will affect many children from undeserved communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[T]hey come together and experience different communities, different lifestyles through this sport,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafter said he’s received phone calls from coaches in poor neighborhoods thanking him for his efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell you I’m getting phone calls and emails from coaches in undeserved communities of Los Angeles thanking us,” he said. “Because if these boys don’t have youth sports, they will get mixed into the wrong path.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowinski, however, says football is not the solution to poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a problem with the idea that we’re going to take kids that we already know are vulnerable, and we are going to hit them in the head a few hundred times a year, and open them up to this door of concussions and long-term [brain] disease,” he said. “It’s sort of doubling down on a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2108\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">bill\u003c/a> that would have made California the first state to ban youth tackle football was shelved at the end of April, following major \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocregister.com/2018/04/27/law-to-ban-tackle-football-for-california-youth-falls-short-of-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pushback\u003c/a> from parents, coaches and football fans.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Organizers collected more than 45,000 signatures opposing the ban, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/2018/04/27/lawmakers-sideline-bill-ban-preteen-tackle-football/560916002/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocregister.com/2018/04/27/law-to-ban-tackle-football-for-california-youth-falls-short-of-committee/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Orange County Register\u003c/a> reported …\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(T)he backlash was swift and unyielding. Coaches and parents flooded phone lines, email boxes and talk radio, condemning the bills and questioning the science behind them. Within weeks, three of five bills were dead or left in legislative purgatory, crushed under the weight of youth football’s influence.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I have a problem with the idea that we’re going to take kids that we already know are vulnerable, and we are gonna hit them in the head a few hundred times a year.’ \u003ccite>Christopher Nowinski, co-founder of Boston University’s CTE Center\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB2108\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Safe Youth Football Act\u003c/a> would have barred children below age 12 from playing organized tackle football. The legislation was drafted in consultation with medical professionals who say the ban would protect youth from a degenerative brain disease known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370921\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">chronic traumatic encephalopathy\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those views were bolstered by a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bumc.bu.edu/busm/2018/04/30/youth-tackle-football-linked-to-earlier-onset-of-cognitive-and-emotional-symptoms-in-athletes-diagnosed-with-cte-after-death/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study \u003c/a>published April 30 that found playing youth tackle football may lead to earlier onset of cognitive, behavioral and emotional symptoms in later life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers at the Boston University School of Medicine conducted telephone interviews with the friends and relatives of 246 deceased football players and found that those who played tackle football before 12 experienced symptoms on average 13 years earlier than those who started playing at an older age.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers took into account different styles of play and forms of protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It took looking at 246 brains and seeing this in nearly 90 percent of them to say, ‘Hey, you know what, the research is becoming very clear, that you hit someone in the head too much, you’ll give them this disease,’ ” Christopher Nowinski, co-founder of Boston University’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.bu.edu/cte/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CTE Center\u003c/a>, said on \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101865041/after-california-ban-fails-controversy-persists-over-youth-tackle-football\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED’s Forum program \u003c/a>last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joe Rafter, the president of Southern Marin Youth Football who started a group to oppose the ban, disputes those findings and says the sport is “safer than its ever been.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He pointed to revised coaching methods and behavior modification techniques that he argues have made the sport safer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The game that was played 40 to 50 years ago is no longer played now,” he said. “The techniques that are taught right now in youth football across America are to take the head out of the tackle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Public Health Issue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Nowinski, a former football player, says changes made in the sport are not enough to make it safe for youth. The problem is not the occasional major hit to the head, he said, but the repetitive tackling, hitting and blocking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the best data that we are going to have for decades, because we have taken the effort to actually build the world’s largest brain bank of former football players, and we just really struggle to find football players who don’t have CTE who’ve had long careers,” he said. “Even if we diagnose concussions, a concussion happens maybe once out of every couple thousand of times a child is hit in the head. CTE risk is related to those thousands of hits, not to that concussion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowinski says the issue is a matter of public health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about protecting kids from degenerative brain disease. It’s not unlike saying, ‘Let’s take the lead out of the paint in their home because it might rot their brain.’ Let’s not hit them in the head 500 times because it might rot their brain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rafter says eliminating football will affect many children from undeserved communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[T]hey come together and experience different communities, different lifestyles through this sport,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rafter said he’s received phone calls from coaches in poor neighborhoods thanking him for his efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can tell you I’m getting phone calls and emails from coaches in undeserved communities of Los Angeles thanking us,” he said. “Because if these boys don’t have youth sports, they will get mixed into the wrong path.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowinski, however, says football is not the solution to poverty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a problem with the idea that we’re going to take kids that we already know are vulnerable, and we are going to hit them in the head a few hundred times a year, and open them up to this door of concussions and long-term [brain] disease,” he said. “It’s sort of doubling down on a problem.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When 47-year-old Edward Vega arrived in jail, he couldn’t quiet the voices in his head. He felt paranoid, as though he was losing control. “I knew if I didn’t get my medication, I was going to hurt someone,” says Vega.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was right. A week after being arrested for alleged drug possession, Vega says, he assaulted a fellow inmate and ended up in isolation, which only made him feel worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, a doctor prescribed medicines that Vega says helped. He’d been taking them on the outside until he ran out — just before he was arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The medication hasn’t totally taken away the voices, but I am able to differentiate reality from fiction,” says Vega, who was released three months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of inmates in California who’ve been prescribed psychiatric drugs has jumped about 25 percent in five years, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://calhps.com/reports/PolicyBrief_PsychotropicMedications_CalHPS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analysis\u003c/a> of state data. These inmates now account for about a fifth of the county jail population across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase might be a reflection of the growing number of inmates with mental illness, though it also might stem from better identification of people in need of treatment, say researchers from \u003ca href=\"http://calhps.com/reports/PolicyBrief_PsychotropicMedications_CalHPS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Health Policy Strategies\u003c/a>, a Sacramento-based consulting firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/amid-shortage-psychiatric-beds-mentally-ill-face-long-waits-treatment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">severe shortage of psychiatric beds\u003c/a> and community-based treatment throughout the state and nation, jails have become repositories for people in the throes of acute mental health crises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of people with mental illness in jails and prisons in the U.S. is “astronomical,” says \u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/directory/michael-romano/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Michael Romano\u003c/a>, director of Three Strikes & Justice Advocacy Project at Stanford Law School, who was not involved in the research. “In many ways, the whole justice system is overwhelmed with mental illness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contributing to the problem in California is a 2011 federal court order, and a state decision a few years later, that had unintended consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More From KQED About Mental Illness in Jails\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11107949\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Realignment 5 Years On: Counties Build Jails for Inmates With Mental Illness\u003c/a>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11418506/judge-threatens-to-fine-california-prisons-for-delayed-mental-health-treatment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Judge Threatens to Fine California Prisons for Delayed Mental Health Treatment\u003c/a>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the U.S. Supreme Court ordered California to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2011/05/23/136579580/california-is-ordered-to-cut-its-prison-population\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reduce\u003c/a> the prison population because of overcrowding that the judges said constituted cruel and unusual punishment. Three years later, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/News/prop47.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a state proposition\u003c/a> reclassified some felony crimes as misdemeanors. Taken together, that led to a huge influx of offenders going to county jails instead of state prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CHPS analysis, based on survey data from 45 of California’s 58 counties, opens a window into how the largest state is coping with the influx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think this is the first part of a more systematic discussion about what is going on in the jails and in the broader community with respect to mental health,” says \u003ca href=\"http://calhps.com/team_member/david-panush/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Panush\u003c/a>, a co-author of the report, which was funded in part by the California Health Care Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far more people with mental illness are housed in jails and prisons than in psychiatric hospitals. Insufficient staff training and poor patient treatment have contributed to inmate suicides, self-mutilation, violence and other problems, say advocates for the mentally ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One oft-cited complaint is that inmates have poor access to psychiatric prescriptions to treat such conditions as schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jail officials in California say they are trying to better identify incarcerated people who could benefit from such drugs. The numbers suggest the strategy may be working. According to the CHPS report, an average of 13,776 inmates in the 45 California counties were on psychotropic medications in 2016-2017, up from 10,999 five years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the portion of inmates taking psychotropic medicine varies widely by county — from 8 percent in Glenn County to 32 percent in Sonoma and Napa, according to the analysis. The report is based on data from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bscc.ca.gov/m_bsccboard.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Board of State and Community Corrections\u003c/a>, an independent state agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles County, whose jails have been described as the largest mental institution in the country, about 30 percent of the roughly 18,000 inmates are mentally ill and most of those diagnosed are on medication, says Dr. Joseph Ortego, chief psychiatrist for correctional health services in L.A. County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although some still are missed in the screening process, he says, the county jails have improved identification and treatment of inmates and expanded staffing as part of the department’s 2015 settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice. The department had alleged inadequate mental health care and suicide prevention in the jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, medications are likely under-prescribed in jails, psychiatrists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need enough mental health professionals to treat the very large numbers of mentally ill people in jails,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Harry_Lamb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. H. Richard Lamb\u003c/a>, professor emeritus of psychiatry at the University of Southern California School of Medicine. “There probably aren’t enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the medications these doctors prescribe are a crucial aspect of treatment, Lamb says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some advocates for the mentally ill worry that the drugs are at times prescribed inappropriately. \u003ca href=\"http://www.mhac.org/about-us/staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zima Creason\u003c/a>, president and chief executive officer of Mental Health America of California, says psychoactive medicines, though sometimes necessary, are no substitute for comprehensive care for jail inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sadly, they just throw a bunch of pills at them because there is nothing else,” she says, adding that jails should also be providing individual and group therapy, more time outside of cells and sufficient recreation time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jail is not conducive for real recovery,” Creason says. “We are never going to put a dent in the numbers unless we provide a therapeutic environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like people who live outside the correction facilities, inmates can be subject to involuntary drug treatment, officials say, but only if a court deems that step appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County jail officials, including Dr. Alfred Joshua, chief medical officer for the Sheriff’s Department in San Diego County, say the influx of mentally ill inmates and the rising need for psychotropic drugs stems from a lack of resources for patients in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they have [an] exacerbation of mental illness, they do many times come into contact with law enforcement,” Joshua says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the most common charges that bring people with mental illness to jail are drug offenses and parole violations. Those who are homeless frequently get charged with panhandling, public urination and related crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to trying to improve treatment inside the jails, Los Angeles and San Diego county officials say they are working more closely with community organizations to ensure inmates with mental illness get the services they need after their release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vega says a local community group, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.neighborhoodhouse.org/#sthash.nTPgadqU.dpbs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neighborhood House Association\u003c/a>, was able to help in his case, ensuring he got his meds and other treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without the medication,” Vega says, “I would probably be right back in jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>\u003cem> is an editorially independent program of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, a nonprofit, nonpartisan health policy research and communication organization not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente. You can follow Anna Gorman on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/annagorman\">@annagorman\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 Kaiser Health News. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When 47-year-old Edward Vega arrived in jail, he couldn’t quiet the voices in his head. He felt paranoid, as though he was losing control. “I knew if I didn’t get my medication, I was going to hurt someone,” says Vega.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was right. A week after being arrested for alleged drug possession, Vega says, he assaulted a fellow inmate and ended up in isolation, which only made him feel worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, a doctor prescribed medicines that Vega says helped. He’d been taking them on the outside until he ran out — just before he was arrested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The medication hasn’t totally taken away the voices, but I am able to differentiate reality from fiction,” says Vega, who was released three months ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of inmates in California who’ve been prescribed psychiatric drugs has jumped about 25 percent in five years, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"http://calhps.com/reports/PolicyBrief_PsychotropicMedications_CalHPS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">analysis\u003c/a> of state data. These inmates now account for about a fifth of the county jail population across the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The increase might be a reflection of the growing number of inmates with mental illness, though it also might stem from better identification of people in need of treatment, say researchers from \u003ca href=\"http://calhps.com/reports/PolicyBrief_PsychotropicMedications_CalHPS.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Health Policy Strategies\u003c/a>, a Sacramento-based consulting firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amid a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pbs.org/newshour/nation/amid-shortage-psychiatric-beds-mentally-ill-face-long-waits-treatment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">severe shortage of psychiatric beds\u003c/a> and community-based treatment throughout the state and nation, jails have become repositories for people in the throes of acute mental health crises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The number of people with mental illness in jails and prisons in the U.S. is “astronomical,” says \u003ca href=\"https://law.stanford.edu/directory/michael-romano/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Michael Romano\u003c/a>, director of Three Strikes & Justice Advocacy Project at Stanford Law School, who was not involved in the research. “In many ways, the whole justice system is overwhelmed with mental illness.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contributing to the problem in California is a 2011 federal court order, and a state decision a few years later, that had unintended consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Read More From KQED About Mental Illness in Jails\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11107949\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Realignment 5 Years On: Counties Build Jails for Inmates With Mental Illness\u003c/a>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11418506/judge-threatens-to-fine-california-prisons-for-delayed-mental-health-treatment\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Judge Threatens to Fine California Prisons for Delayed Mental Health Treatment\u003c/a>\n\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 2011, the U.S. Supreme Court ordered California to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2011/05/23/136579580/california-is-ordered-to-cut-its-prison-population\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">reduce\u003c/a> the prison population because of overcrowding that the judges said constituted cruel and unusual punishment. Three years later, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdcr.ca.gov/News/prop47.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a state proposition\u003c/a> reclassified some felony crimes as misdemeanors. Taken together, that led to a huge influx of offenders going to county jails instead of state prisons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CHPS analysis, based on survey data from 45 of California’s 58 counties, opens a window into how the largest state is coping with the influx.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think this is the first part of a more systematic discussion about what is going on in the jails and in the broader community with respect to mental health,” says \u003ca href=\"http://calhps.com/team_member/david-panush/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">David Panush\u003c/a>, a co-author of the report, which was funded in part by the California Health Care Foundation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Far more people with mental illness are housed in jails and prisons than in psychiatric hospitals. Insufficient staff training and poor patient treatment have contributed to inmate suicides, self-mutilation, violence and other problems, say advocates for the mentally ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One oft-cited complaint is that inmates have poor access to psychiatric prescriptions to treat such conditions as schizophrenia, major depression and bipolar disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jail officials in California say they are trying to better identify incarcerated people who could benefit from such drugs. The numbers suggest the strategy may be working. According to the CHPS report, an average of 13,776 inmates in the 45 California counties were on psychotropic medications in 2016-2017, up from 10,999 five years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the portion of inmates taking psychotropic medicine varies widely by county — from 8 percent in Glenn County to 32 percent in Sonoma and Napa, according to the analysis. The report is based on data from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bscc.ca.gov/m_bsccboard.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Board of State and Community Corrections\u003c/a>, an independent state agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Angeles County, whose jails have been described as the largest mental institution in the country, about 30 percent of the roughly 18,000 inmates are mentally ill and most of those diagnosed are on medication, says Dr. Joseph Ortego, chief psychiatrist for correctional health services in L.A. County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although some still are missed in the screening process, he says, the county jails have improved identification and treatment of inmates and expanded staffing as part of the department’s 2015 settlement with the U.S. Department of Justice. The department had alleged inadequate mental health care and suicide prevention in the jails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overall, medications are likely under-prescribed in jails, psychiatrists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You need enough mental health professionals to treat the very large numbers of mentally ill people in jails,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Harry_Lamb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Dr. H. Richard Lamb\u003c/a>, professor emeritus of psychiatry at the University of Southern California School of Medicine. “There probably aren’t enough.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the medications these doctors prescribe are a crucial aspect of treatment, Lamb says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some advocates for the mentally ill worry that the drugs are at times prescribed inappropriately. \u003ca href=\"http://www.mhac.org/about-us/staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zima Creason\u003c/a>, president and chief executive officer of Mental Health America of California, says psychoactive medicines, though sometimes necessary, are no substitute for comprehensive care for jail inmates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sadly, they just throw a bunch of pills at them because there is nothing else,” she says, adding that jails should also be providing individual and group therapy, more time outside of cells and sufficient recreation time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Jail is not conducive for real recovery,” Creason says. “We are never going to put a dent in the numbers unless we provide a therapeutic environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like people who live outside the correction facilities, inmates can be subject to involuntary drug treatment, officials say, but only if a court deems that step appropriate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County jail officials, including Dr. Alfred Joshua, chief medical officer for the Sheriff’s Department in San Diego County, say the influx of mentally ill inmates and the rising need for psychotropic drugs stems from a lack of resources for patients in the community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they have [an] exacerbation of mental illness, they do many times come into contact with law enforcement,” Joshua says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the most common charges that bring people with mental illness to jail are drug offenses and parole violations. Those who are homeless frequently get charged with panhandling, public urination and related crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to trying to improve treatment inside the jails, Los Angeles and San Diego county officials say they are working more closely with community organizations to ensure inmates with mental illness get the services they need after their release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vega says a local community group, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.neighborhoodhouse.org/#sthash.nTPgadqU.dpbs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Neighborhood House Association\u003c/a>, was able to help in his case, ensuring he got his meds and other treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without the medication,” Vega says, “I would probably be right back in jail.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kaiserhealthnews.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>\u003cem> is an editorially independent program of the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, a nonprofit, nonpartisan health policy research and communication organization not affiliated with Kaiser Permanente. You can follow Anna Gorman on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/annagorman\">@annagorman\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "fremont-ends-sex-ed-for-fourth-through-six-graders-after-curriculum-controversy",
"title": "Fremont Ends Sex Ed for Fourth Through Six Graders After Curriculum Controversy",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated Thursday, May 24, 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early this morning, the Fremont Unified School District Board of Education voted 3-2 to approve the re-introduction of sex ed in 6th grade, under the new curriculum. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There still remains no sex ed in 4th and 5th grades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated to add comments from U.S. Rep. Ro Khanna. You can listen to a version of this story on The Bay podcast. \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/thebaykqed\">Click here to subscribe.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teaching of sex ed in fourth through sixth grades has been eliminated in the city of Fremont after months of controversy over a proposed new curriculum to comply with state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fremont Unified School District Board of Education voted 3-2 early Thursday to scrap the sex education program for fourth through sixth graders. Controversial content included addressing the emotional aspects of sex and sexual activity; the possibility that as adults, people may have more than one sexual partner; and inclusive LGBTQ lessons, like on transgender individuals and gender fluidity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until the vote, sex ed had been taught in Fremont schools to fifth and sixth graders since the 1980s, and to fourth graders since 2011. The board approved the update to sex ed in seventh through ninth grades, which they were essentially required to do to comply with the 2016 California Healthy Youth Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The majority of people here wanted to have sex education for fourth, fifth and sixth grade,” said school board member Larry Sweeney, who voted against the new sex ed instruction. “We just couldn’t agree on the content, so the consequence is now there’s no sex education for fourth, fifth and sixth grades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of parents, along with some teachers and current and former students, flooded four Fremont Unified school board meetings in the past two months, deeply divided over how to teach students as young as fourth grade about sex and sexuality. Amid the dispute, some opponents and supporters have lodged accusations of racism, homophobia and transphobia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My religion prescribes that all human beings are created in the image of God, and gender is an essential characteristic of individual identity and purpose,” said parent Teri Topham, who opposed the new curriculum because she felt it told young children that they could choose their gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You want your children to follow your value system,” she said. “And the burden lies with education system to be as careful as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But pediatrician and Fremont parent Sonia Khan said educators should follow the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very difficult to deal with the idea that there’s a large volume of people who feel that their opinions are as valid as facts,” Khan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an American Muslim, Khan said she was sensitive to diverse religious beliefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s distressing to me to see parents of socially conservative — with a small c — background, not appreciate that what they are trying to dispense with is a critical tool for their own children to maintain the kind of abstinence that they are proponents of,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan said she was also concerned by the spread of misinformation in the debate, including some more explicit imagery and language being presented as part of the lesson plan — when it was suggested material for parents — not children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sex ed was a “critical tool that’s being dispensed with in the political fight and the belief that somehow there are liberals out there who are trying to sexualize your children,” Khan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. congressman for the area, Rep. Ro Khanna, decried the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The repercussions of this are drastic: the board not only voted to reject CHYA compliant education but eliminated any sexual education for children at all,” he said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/RoKhannaUSA/posts/1725648827481420\">post on Facebook\u003c/a>. “Sex education is critical for the safety of individuals of all ages, and this policy will silence voices, put students in danger, and increase overall risk in our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parents had objected to specific teachings, like one in the \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1QNuOG2u2oPVzM0b3J4MlJheWc/view\">grade six curriculum\u003c/a> that detailed a couple who are dating and making out: The boy lifts up the girls shirt to touch her breast. She pulls her shirt back down and keeps kissing him, but as he keeps pressuring her for more, she says “no” and leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parent Vijay Ghanta said that example was too explicit for children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Teaching appropriate sexual behaviour starts at home,” Ghanta said, adding that he believed a loving and respectful relationship should be modeled by parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My son might see me and my wife argue and fight, but he also sees us get together at the end of the day and talk our differences out. Where is that being shown?” he asked of the new curriculum. “Only thing that is shown here is how to act in a sexually explicit fashion, which is wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont Unified teacher Sherea Westra said the contested sixth grade teaching taught a necessary lesson about consent that is now more important than ever in this #MeToo moment: “You can’t say you have to wait until they are in college to get this information — or even high school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And if they are not getting it,” she added, “they are going to go elsewhere and get inappropriate information or misinformation, and then we are going to be in they cycle we’ve been in for years where there is tons of sexual harassment and abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of students were on board with the proposed sex ed plan and attended school board meetings to show their support, including LGBTQ teens who said they’d been bullied because of a lack of awareness around gender and sexual identities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leena Yin, a Fremont schools graduate who teaches sexual health in the East Bay, presented a petition to the board with more than 1,000 signatures from students who supported the new sex ed curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that what is best for the students and what the students are asking for was ignored is the most frustrating part of this whole process,” Yin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the vote, the school board said it would convene a panel of parents and experts to try to reach a consensus on sex ed instruction that respects the beliefs of parents and adheres to state standards for next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2015/sex-ed-to-become-mandatory-in-grades-7-12-in-california/88248\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Healthy Youth Act\u003c/a> set some of the most progressive sex ed requirements in the country: The curriculum includes instruction on same-sex relationships and different gender identities, with additional lessons on consent and sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law makes sexual education a requirement starting in seventh grade. When sex ed is taught at earlier ages, the law requires those lessons follow state guidelines. That’s what Fremont Unified did when they drafted the new lesson plans for fourth through sixth grade, said Denise Herrmann, associate superintendent of instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we used is the document that’s published by the state of California, that’s endorsed by pediatricians and by experts on puberty, health and development, to help us make those grade level placements,” Herrmann said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Bay Area school districts have had challenges implementing the new law, too: Last year, the nearby Cupertino Union School District backed off of making a \u003ca href=\"https://www.refinery29.com/2017/04/148151/cupertino-school-district-sex-ed-protest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">similar update\u003c/a> to its curriculum after a debate like the one in Fremont erupted.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated Thursday, May 24, 2018\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early this morning, the Fremont Unified School District Board of Education voted 3-2 to approve the re-introduction of sex ed in 6th grade, under the new curriculum. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There still remains no sex ed in 4th and 5th grades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated to add comments from U.S. Rep. Ro Khanna. You can listen to a version of this story on The Bay podcast. \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/thebaykqed\">Click here to subscribe.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teaching of sex ed in fourth through sixth grades has been eliminated in the city of Fremont after months of controversy over a proposed new curriculum to comply with state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Fremont Unified School District Board of Education voted 3-2 early Thursday to scrap the sex education program for fourth through sixth graders. Controversial content included addressing the emotional aspects of sex and sexual activity; the possibility that as adults, people may have more than one sexual partner; and inclusive LGBTQ lessons, like on transgender individuals and gender fluidity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until the vote, sex ed had been taught in Fremont schools to fifth and sixth graders since the 1980s, and to fourth graders since 2011. The board approved the update to sex ed in seventh through ninth grades, which they were essentially required to do to comply with the 2016 California Healthy Youth Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The majority of people here wanted to have sex education for fourth, fifth and sixth grade,” said school board member Larry Sweeney, who voted against the new sex ed instruction. “We just couldn’t agree on the content, so the consequence is now there’s no sex education for fourth, fifth and sixth grades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of parents, along with some teachers and current and former students, flooded four Fremont Unified school board meetings in the past two months, deeply divided over how to teach students as young as fourth grade about sex and sexuality. Amid the dispute, some opponents and supporters have lodged accusations of racism, homophobia and transphobia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My religion prescribes that all human beings are created in the image of God, and gender is an essential characteristic of individual identity and purpose,” said parent Teri Topham, who opposed the new curriculum because she felt it told young children that they could choose their gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You want your children to follow your value system,” she said. “And the burden lies with education system to be as careful as possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But pediatrician and Fremont parent Sonia Khan said educators should follow the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very difficult to deal with the idea that there’s a large volume of people who feel that their opinions are as valid as facts,” Khan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As an American Muslim, Khan said she was sensitive to diverse religious beliefs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s distressing to me to see parents of socially conservative — with a small c — background, not appreciate that what they are trying to dispense with is a critical tool for their own children to maintain the kind of abstinence that they are proponents of,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan said she was also concerned by the spread of misinformation in the debate, including some more explicit imagery and language being presented as part of the lesson plan — when it was suggested material for parents — not children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sex ed was a “critical tool that’s being dispensed with in the political fight and the belief that somehow there are liberals out there who are trying to sexualize your children,” Khan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. congressman for the area, Rep. Ro Khanna, decried the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The repercussions of this are drastic: the board not only voted to reject CHYA compliant education but eliminated any sexual education for children at all,” he said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/RoKhannaUSA/posts/1725648827481420\">post on Facebook\u003c/a>. “Sex education is critical for the safety of individuals of all ages, and this policy will silence voices, put students in danger, and increase overall risk in our communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some parents had objected to specific teachings, like one in the \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B1QNuOG2u2oPVzM0b3J4MlJheWc/view\">grade six curriculum\u003c/a> that detailed a couple who are dating and making out: The boy lifts up the girls shirt to touch her breast. She pulls her shirt back down and keeps kissing him, but as he keeps pressuring her for more, she says “no” and leaves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parent Vijay Ghanta said that example was too explicit for children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Teaching appropriate sexual behaviour starts at home,” Ghanta said, adding that he believed a loving and respectful relationship should be modeled by parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My son might see me and my wife argue and fight, but he also sees us get together at the end of the day and talk our differences out. Where is that being shown?” he asked of the new curriculum. “Only thing that is shown here is how to act in a sexually explicit fashion, which is wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont Unified teacher Sherea Westra said the contested sixth grade teaching taught a necessary lesson about consent that is now more important than ever in this #MeToo moment: “You can’t say you have to wait until they are in college to get this information — or even high school.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“And if they are not getting it,” she added, “they are going to go elsewhere and get inappropriate information or misinformation, and then we are going to be in they cycle we’ve been in for years where there is tons of sexual harassment and abuse.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of students were on board with the proposed sex ed plan and attended school board meetings to show their support, including LGBTQ teens who said they’d been bullied because of a lack of awareness around gender and sexual identities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leena Yin, a Fremont schools graduate who teaches sexual health in the East Bay, presented a petition to the board with more than 1,000 signatures from students who supported the new sex ed curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The fact that what is best for the students and what the students are asking for was ignored is the most frustrating part of this whole process,” Yin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Following the vote, the school board said it would convene a panel of parents and experts to try to reach a consensus on sex ed instruction that respects the beliefs of parents and adheres to state standards for next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://edsource.org/2015/sex-ed-to-become-mandatory-in-grades-7-12-in-california/88248\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Healthy Youth Act\u003c/a> set some of the most progressive sex ed requirements in the country: The curriculum includes instruction on same-sex relationships and different gender identities, with additional lessons on consent and sexual assault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law makes sexual education a requirement starting in seventh grade. When sex ed is taught at earlier ages, the law requires those lessons follow state guidelines. That’s what Fremont Unified did when they drafted the new lesson plans for fourth through sixth grade, said Denise Herrmann, associate superintendent of instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we used is the document that’s published by the state of California, that’s endorsed by pediatricians and by experts on puberty, health and development, to help us make those grade level placements,” Herrmann said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Bay Area school districts have had challenges implementing the new law, too: Last year, the nearby Cupertino Union School District backed off of making a \u003ca href=\"https://www.refinery29.com/2017/04/148151/cupertino-school-district-sex-ed-protest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">similar update\u003c/a> to its curriculum after a debate like the one in Fremont erupted.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorefremontsexed\">battle over sex ed is roiling Fremont\u003c/a> over how the Fremont Unified School District should or should not teach students about sex and sexuality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tempers are high as some parents think teaching sex education beginning in fourth grade is inappropriate, while others think it is essential.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school board is attempting to update its sex ed curriculum to be in compliance with the California Healthy Youth Act, one of the most progressive set of sex ed requirements in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents can opt their kids out of the sex education course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious",
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}
},
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
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