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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34231\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 248px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/CircumciscionProcedure.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/CircumciscionProcedure.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"CircumciscionProcedure\" width=\"248\" height=\"140\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34231\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Rachel Seay performs a circumcision at George Washington University Hospital.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ACLU of Northern California filed a court brief Friday supporting an effort to block a ballot measure that would ban juvenile male circumcision in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The friend of the court brief bolsters the arguments of a coalition of Jews and Muslims who filed suit in June asking a judge to invalidate the controversial measure headed for the Nov. 8 ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lead supporter of the circumcision ban characterizes the procedure as “genital mutilation that is unnecessary, extremely painful and even dangerous,” the Associated Press reported. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot measure would make the circumcision of a male younger than 18 years old a misdemeanor carrying up to $1,000 in fines or a year in jail. There would be no religious exemption to the ban, even though Jewish and Muslim followers consider circumcision part of their religion. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move flies in the face of mainstream practices. The New York Times has reported that 80 percent of U.S. males are circumcised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group seeking to get the ban off the ballot cites a number of mainstream sources, including Harvard and UC San Francisco physicians, saying the procedure can stem the spread of AIDS and should be based on parental choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the brief filed Friday, the ACLU argues that state law bans any city or county from passing a law that restricts a licensed medical professional from performing “any procedure that falls within the professionally recognized scope of practice of that licensee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, no city authority can stop a doctor from doing things that doctors normally do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brief also argues that the initiative would threaten the rights of mature teenage boys younger than 18 to make decisions about their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lloyd Schofield, the initiative’s supporter, also filed a court brief Friday, batting off criticism that has surfaced about the law’s apparent anti-Semitism. Schofield, of Oakland, noted that “it is not honest to suggest that the sole purpose of the initiative was to be anti-Semitic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schofield goes on to raise concerns about the religious traditions of a non-medically trained Jewish mohel, usually a rabbi or doctor, or Islamic barber who at one time performed circumcisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question of anti-Semitic motivation for the ban came up when San Francisco Chronicle columnist Debra J. Saunders posted the image of the buff and blond “Foreskin Man” comic book, posted on a website run by a man who supports the circumcision ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hero is apparently fending off a dark and shifty Hasidic rabbi who is leering over a baby. The book’s author brushed off the notion that the movement is anti-Jewish, saying it is “trying to be pro-human rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Christina Jewett is an investigative reporter for California Watch, a project of the non-profit Center for Investigative Reporting. Find more California Watch reporting \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/\">here\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "The ACLU of Northern California filed a court brief Friday supporting an effort to block a ballot measure that would ban juvenile male circumcision in San Francisco. The friend of the court brief bolsters the arguments of a coalition of Jews and Muslims who filed suit in June asking a judge to invalidate the controversial measure headed for the Nov. 8 ballot. The lead supporter of the circumcision ban characterizes the procedure as “genital mutilation that is unnecessary, extremely painful and even dangerous,” the Associated Press reported. The ballot measure would make the circumcision of a male younger than 18",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34231\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 248px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/CircumciscionProcedure.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/CircumciscionProcedure.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"CircumciscionProcedure\" width=\"248\" height=\"140\" class=\"size-full wp-image-34231\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Rachel Seay performs a circumcision at George Washington University Hospital.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The ACLU of Northern California filed a court brief Friday supporting an effort to block a ballot measure that would ban juvenile male circumcision in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The friend of the court brief bolsters the arguments of a coalition of Jews and Muslims who filed suit in June asking a judge to invalidate the controversial measure headed for the Nov. 8 ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lead supporter of the circumcision ban characterizes the procedure as “genital mutilation that is unnecessary, extremely painful and even dangerous,” the Associated Press reported. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ballot measure would make the circumcision of a male younger than 18 years old a misdemeanor carrying up to $1,000 in fines or a year in jail. There would be no religious exemption to the ban, even though Jewish and Muslim followers consider circumcision part of their religion. \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move flies in the face of mainstream practices. The New York Times has reported that 80 percent of U.S. males are circumcised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A group seeking to get the ban off the ballot cites a number of mainstream sources, including Harvard and UC San Francisco physicians, saying the procedure can stem the spread of AIDS and should be based on parental choice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the brief filed Friday, the ACLU argues that state law bans any city or county from passing a law that restricts a licensed medical professional from performing “any procedure that falls within the professionally recognized scope of practice of that licensee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, no city authority can stop a doctor from doing things that doctors normally do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brief also argues that the initiative would threaten the rights of mature teenage boys younger than 18 to make decisions about their health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lloyd Schofield, the initiative’s supporter, also filed a court brief Friday, batting off criticism that has surfaced about the law’s apparent anti-Semitism. Schofield, of Oakland, noted that “it is not honest to suggest that the sole purpose of the initiative was to be anti-Semitic.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schofield goes on to raise concerns about the religious traditions of a non-medically trained Jewish mohel, usually a rabbi or doctor, or Islamic barber who at one time performed circumcisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The question of anti-Semitic motivation for the ban came up when San Francisco Chronicle columnist Debra J. Saunders posted the image of the buff and blond “Foreskin Man” comic book, posted on a website run by a man who supports the circumcision ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hero is apparently fending off a dark and shifty Hasidic rabbi who is leering over a baby. The book’s author brushed off the notion that the movement is anti-Jewish, saying it is “trying to be pro-human rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Christina Jewett is an investigative reporter for California Watch, a project of the non-profit Center for Investigative Reporting. Find more California Watch reporting \u003ca href=\"http://californiawatch.org/\">here\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34178\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/107091583.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34178\" title=\"Daily Antiretroviral Pill Found To Protect Healthy From AIDS Transmission\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/107091583-300x202.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"202\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bottles of antiretroviral drug Truvada are shown at Jack's Pharmacy on November 23, 2010 in San Anselmo, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During our coverage last month of the 30th anniversary of the discovery of HIV, we explored what the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/06/07/aids-at-30-interview-what-were-the-earliest-days-of-the-epidemic-like/\">earliest, dark days\u003c/a> of the epidemic were like — when a positive diagnosis was as good as a death sentence, and the specter of premature death afflicting San Francisco’s gay community affected it in profound ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the fear and loathing sowed by the virus has lifted considerably, due to advancements in HIV treatment that have thus far staved off its really deleterious effects for many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, two new studies, that in the coming days will be presented at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ias2011.org/\">International AIDS Society Conference\u003c/a> in Rome, may point to the next advance in AIDS medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">This is the kind of effect we might expect from a very good vaccine.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The studies found that use of the two-pronged, anti-retroviral drug Truvada acts to prevent HIV transmission from someone who is infected to someone who isn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meaning that the medication acts as the first actual pharmacological prophylactic to contracting HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34179\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 152px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/2162967.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34179 \" title=\"Portrait of US Paul A. Volberding, direc\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/2162967-238x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"152\" height=\"192\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul A. Volberding, co-director of the center for AIDS Research at the University of California, San Francisco. (Jean Ayissi/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I interviewed \u003ca href=\"http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=ab-01-01-02\">Dr. Paul Volberding\u003c/a>, co-director of the Center for AIDS Research at the University of California, San Francisco, about the research. Volberding, whom KQED’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/programs/thisweek/about/belva-davis.jsp\">Belva Davis\u003c/a> describes as “one of the early driving forces in pushing for education as a way to curtail the epidemic,” said he’s eager to hear more about the studies, which he calls “very big news.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the kind of effect we might expect from a very good vaccine,” Dr. Volberding said about his initial review of the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below, you can listen to my interview with Dr. Volberding (who does consulting work for the drug’s manufacturer, Gilead Sciences of Foster City) about the studies and their potential implications. An edited transcript follows each audio clip:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/truvada1.mp3\">\u003cstrong>Dr. Paul Volberding explains what Truvada is\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/truvada1.mp3|titles=truvada1]\u003c/h2>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is Truvada and what is it currently approved for? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truvada is a combination of two medicines that we use very commonly in HIV. One is called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0000198/\">Tenofovir\u003c/a>, the other is called \u003ca href=\"http://www.hivandhepatitis.com/hiv_and_aids/emtriva.html#what\">FTC\u003c/a>. They’re bundled together in a single pill, taken once a day, and they’re part of a combination that many of our patients receive. A treatment regimen or somebody with infection would usually use these two drugs or ones like them plus a third drug to form the so called cocktail for HIV treatment that we’ve heard so much about.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/truvada2.mp3\">\u003cstrong>Volberding on what the African studies have shown\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/truvada2.mp3|titles=truvada2]\u003c/h2>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do the new studies show? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been several studies that have come at the same question. If a person is at risk of getting infected, does taking a medicine like Truvada prevent infection in somebody who’s not infected to start with?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before these two studies, there were two others, and one showed the medication did seem to work, the other didn’t. These two new studies answer an important question; they were done in couples, one of whom was positive at the start of the study, and one who was negative. The HIV-negative person took the medicine; these studies both showed a very striking effect in decreasing the transmission in those HIV-negative people who were taking the medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How definitive would say these studies were? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a meeting that I and many of my colleagues are going to in Rome that starts over the weekend that will be focused on these studies. I think we’ll come back with a lot more detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But of these studies, one had nearly 5,000 couples, the other had about 1200 couples. Both were done in Africa. Both remarkably found almost the same results. In one, Truvada had about a 73% reduction in transmission, the other one had about a 63% reduction in transmission. In big studies like that, those numbers really look very much the same to us. It says that even in a situation where some people will take the drugs exactly as they’re supposed to in the study and others won’t, even with that the drug was remarkably effective. This is the kind of effect we might expect from a very good vaccine. So this is big news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the regimen for taking the drug in terms of it being a prophylactic? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a once a day drug, it’s a pill. The recommendation is that if you’re negative and in one of these relationship where your partner is positive, then you just take it every day. So it’s a very straightforward treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the side effects if any that were found? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We haven’t seen the detailed results from the study yet. We’ll hear a lot more about it in Rome. But we know these drugs very well. We’ve been using them for a very long time. In people with HIV infection, where Tenofavir, which is one of the parts of Truvada, it’s well tolerated but can cause some kidney trouble in a small percent of people and can cause some bone loss in a small percent of people. So we’ll be watching the results closely because these are people who are healthy and uninfected, so you don’t’ want to subject them to a lot of side effects. But we know these drugs very well, and I don’t expect we’re going to be surprised by what we hear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Might there be behavioral considerations in terms of health people following the drug regimen? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ll find out more in Rome, but what we’ve found in other studies, especially in people that are uninfected, is that some people decide just to not take the pills. What we’ve seen is that when people take the pills as prescribed, it works incredibly well. In some studies, it looked close to 100% effective. I think what we’ll find in these studies is that a big reason for the “only” 70% effectiveness, is probably a lot of those people weren’t taking the drugs or not taking them correctly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there any other medications taken by healthy people as a prophylactic? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aspirin, perhaps, for people who want to prevent cardiac disease. Or the better example is when I go to Africa, I take a drug called Malerone, which is a malaria prophylaxis. So this isn’t a new concept at all.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/truvada3.mp3\">\u003cstrong>On behavioral considerations in patients\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/truvada3.mp3|titles=truvada3]\u003c/h2>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Potentially I could see some people arguing that some people at high risk for HIV might view a prophylactic pill as a license to engage in riskier behavior. Is that any sort of consideration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh it’s absolutely a consideration. In this kind of research one of the things you always try to do is to determine whether or not behavior has changed as a result of being in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we’ve seen before is that doesn’t usually seem to be the case. So I think the theoretical risk that someone is going to increase their behavior in a risky way doesn’t mean that the benefits should be denied to a larger number of people who if they take the medicine will keep from being infected. It’s worth asking, and we’ll look for the data, but I’m really not concerned about this issue.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/truvada4.mp3\">\u003cstrong>On populations that might be helped by use of the drug\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/truvada4.mp3|titles=truvada4]\u003c/h2>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Are the implications of this drug greater for Africa than in the U.S.?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Yes. There are certainly people here who find themselves in situations where people can’t control their partner’s behavior. For example, a woman who’s engaged in sex work who can’t force her partner to use condoms might want to consider something like this to keep from getting infected. A gay man who for whatever reason is sexually active without the benefit of condoms might choose to use this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I think really the most obvious application would be in what are called \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/search?q=serodiscordant+&ie=utf-8\">serodiscordant \u003c/a>couples in Africa, where one person is infected and the other person would take this to prevent acquiring infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some other potential applications that are quite interesting. If a man, for example, is HIV-infected and his wife is uninfected, and they want to have kids, taking a drug like this on the part of the wife might be enough of a reassurance for them to have unprotected sex so she can get pregnant. So there are some interesting smaller populations but really important ones.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34178\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/107091583.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34178\" title=\"Daily Antiretroviral Pill Found To Protect Healthy From AIDS Transmission\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/107091583-300x202.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"202\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bottles of antiretroviral drug Truvada are shown at Jack's Pharmacy on November 23, 2010 in San Anselmo, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During our coverage last month of the 30th anniversary of the discovery of HIV, we explored what the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/06/07/aids-at-30-interview-what-were-the-earliest-days-of-the-epidemic-like/\">earliest, dark days\u003c/a> of the epidemic were like — when a positive diagnosis was as good as a death sentence, and the specter of premature death afflicting San Francisco’s gay community affected it in profound ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the fear and loathing sowed by the virus has lifted considerably, due to advancements in HIV treatment that have thus far staved off its really deleterious effects for many years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, two new studies, that in the coming days will be presented at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ias2011.org/\">International AIDS Society Conference\u003c/a> in Rome, may point to the next advance in AIDS medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">This is the kind of effect we might expect from a very good vaccine.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The studies found that use of the two-pronged, anti-retroviral drug Truvada acts to prevent HIV transmission from someone who is infected to someone who isn’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meaning that the medication acts as the first actual pharmacological prophylactic to contracting HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_34179\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 152px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/2162967.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-34179 \" title=\"Portrait of US Paul A. Volberding, direc\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/2162967-238x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"152\" height=\"192\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Paul A. Volberding, co-director of the center for AIDS Research at the University of California, San Francisco. (Jean Ayissi/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>I interviewed \u003ca href=\"http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=ab-01-01-02\">Dr. Paul Volberding\u003c/a>, co-director of the Center for AIDS Research at the University of California, San Francisco, about the research. Volberding, whom KQED’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/programs/thisweek/about/belva-davis.jsp\">Belva Davis\u003c/a> describes as “one of the early driving forces in pushing for education as a way to curtail the epidemic,” said he’s eager to hear more about the studies, which he calls “very big news.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is the kind of effect we might expect from a very good vaccine,” Dr. Volberding said about his initial review of the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Below, you can listen to my interview with Dr. Volberding (who does consulting work for the drug’s manufacturer, Gilead Sciences of Foster City) about the studies and their potential implications. An edited transcript follows each audio clip:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/truvada1.mp3\">\u003cstrong>Dr. Paul Volberding explains what Truvada is\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is Truvada and what is it currently approved for? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Truvada is a combination of two medicines that we use very commonly in HIV. One is called \u003ca href=\"http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0000198/\">Tenofovir\u003c/a>, the other is called \u003ca href=\"http://www.hivandhepatitis.com/hiv_and_aids/emtriva.html#what\">FTC\u003c/a>. They’re bundled together in a single pill, taken once a day, and they’re part of a combination that many of our patients receive. A treatment regimen or somebody with infection would usually use these two drugs or ones like them plus a third drug to form the so called cocktail for HIV treatment that we’ve heard so much about.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/truvada2.mp3\">\u003cstrong>Volberding on what the African studies have shown\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What do the new studies show? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There have been several studies that have come at the same question. If a person is at risk of getting infected, does taking a medicine like Truvada prevent infection in somebody who’s not infected to start with?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before these two studies, there were two others, and one showed the medication did seem to work, the other didn’t. These two new studies answer an important question; they were done in couples, one of whom was positive at the start of the study, and one who was negative. The HIV-negative person took the medicine; these studies both showed a very striking effect in decreasing the transmission in those HIV-negative people who were taking the medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How definitive would say these studies were? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a meeting that I and many of my colleagues are going to in Rome that starts over the weekend that will be focused on these studies. I think we’ll come back with a lot more detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But of these studies, one had nearly 5,000 couples, the other had about 1200 couples. Both were done in Africa. Both remarkably found almost the same results. In one, Truvada had about a 73% reduction in transmission, the other one had about a 63% reduction in transmission. In big studies like that, those numbers really look very much the same to us. It says that even in a situation where some people will take the drugs exactly as they’re supposed to in the study and others won’t, even with that the drug was remarkably effective. This is the kind of effect we might expect from a very good vaccine. So this is big news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What is the regimen for taking the drug in terms of it being a prophylactic? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a once a day drug, it’s a pill. The recommendation is that if you’re negative and in one of these relationship where your partner is positive, then you just take it every day. So it’s a very straightforward treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What are the side effects if any that were found? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We haven’t seen the detailed results from the study yet. We’ll hear a lot more about it in Rome. But we know these drugs very well. We’ve been using them for a very long time. In people with HIV infection, where Tenofavir, which is one of the parts of Truvada, it’s well tolerated but can cause some kidney trouble in a small percent of people and can cause some bone loss in a small percent of people. So we’ll be watching the results closely because these are people who are healthy and uninfected, so you don’t’ want to subject them to a lot of side effects. But we know these drugs very well, and I don’t expect we’re going to be surprised by what we hear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Might there be behavioral considerations in terms of health people following the drug regimen? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ll find out more in Rome, but what we’ve found in other studies, especially in people that are uninfected, is that some people decide just to not take the pills. What we’ve seen is that when people take the pills as prescribed, it works incredibly well. In some studies, it looked close to 100% effective. I think what we’ll find in these studies is that a big reason for the “only” 70% effectiveness, is probably a lot of those people weren’t taking the drugs or not taking them correctly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there any other medications taken by healthy people as a prophylactic? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aspirin, perhaps, for people who want to prevent cardiac disease. Or the better example is when I go to Africa, I take a drug called Malerone, which is a malaria prophylaxis. So this isn’t a new concept at all.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/truvada3.mp3\">\u003cstrong>On behavioral considerations in patients\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Potentially I could see some people arguing that some people at high risk for HIV might view a prophylactic pill as a license to engage in riskier behavior. Is that any sort of consideration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oh it’s absolutely a consideration. In this kind of research one of the things you always try to do is to determine whether or not behavior has changed as a result of being in the study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What we’ve seen before is that doesn’t usually seem to be the case. So I think the theoretical risk that someone is going to increase their behavior in a risky way doesn’t mean that the benefits should be denied to a larger number of people who if they take the medicine will keep from being infected. It’s worth asking, and we’ll look for the data, but I’m really not concerned about this issue.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/07/truvada4.mp3\">\u003cstrong>On populations that might be helped by use of the drug\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Are the implications of this drug greater for Africa than in the U.S.?\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Yes. There are certainly people here who find themselves in situations where people can’t control their partner’s behavior. For example, a woman who’s engaged in sex work who can’t force her partner to use condoms might want to consider something like this to keep from getting infected. A gay man who for whatever reason is sexually active without the benefit of condoms might choose to use this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But I think really the most obvious application would be in what are called \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/search?q=serodiscordant+&ie=utf-8\">serodiscordant \u003c/a>couples in Africa, where one person is infected and the other person would take this to prevent acquiring infection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some other potential applications that are quite interesting. If a man, for example, is HIV-infected and his wife is uninfected, and they want to have kids, taking a drug like this on the part of the wife might be enough of a reassurance for them to have unprotected sex so she can get pregnant. So there are some interesting smaller populations but really important ones.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Rachael Myrow here, host of the California Report, with a handful of links to cool and/or important stories outside the Bay Area local readers should check out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan>\u003ca title=\"Researchers find plastic in more than 9% of fish in northern Pacific Ocean\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-garbage-patch-fish-20110701,0,2019016.story\" target=\"_top\" rel=\"noopener\">Researchers find plastic in more than 9% of fish in northern Pacific Ocean\u003c/a>\u003c/span> (Los Angeles Times)\u003ca title=\"Capitol Journal: Proposition 25 proves its worth\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-cap-budget-20110630,0,2345371.column\" target=\"_top\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"Capitol Journal: Proposition 25 proves its worth\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-cap-budget-20110630,0,2345371.column\" target=\"_top\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003c/a>\u003cspan>\u003ca title=\"Federal judge rejects bid to seize Mongols' name and logo\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-mongols-logo-20110701,0,2370763.story\" target=\"_top\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal judge rejects bid to seize Mongols’ name and logo\u003c/a>\u003c/span> (Los Angeles Times)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan>\u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/01/business/01obese.html?emc=tnt&tntemail0=y\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/01/business/01obese.html?emc=tnt&tntemail0=y\">Local Laws Fighting Fat Under Siege \u003c/a>\u003c/span> (New York Times)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan>\u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/01/us/01bctoribio.html?emc=tnt&tntemail0=y\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/01/us/01bctoribio.html?emc=tnt&tntemail0=y\">Tour Draws Immigrants to Honor Their Saint \u003c/a>\u003c/span>(New York Time)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.times-standard.com/localnews/ci_18383416\">\u003c/a>\u003cspan>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pe.com/localnews/stories/PE_News_Local_D_secede01.411b87a9f.html\">PUSH ON FOR A NEW STATE\u003c/a>\u003c/span> (Riverside Press Enterprise)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/School-Lunch-Program_poster-213x300.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/School-Lunch-Program_poster-213x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"School-Lunch-Program_poster-213x300\" width=\"213\" height=\"300\" class=\"alignright size-full wp-image-32226\">\u003c/a>In Oakland, about 20,000 schoolchildren are eligible for free or reduced-price school meals under a federal program that subsidizes lunch (and in many cases, breakfast) for children from low-income families. Those families face a dilemma when school is out for the summer: how to make up for those meals until classes begin again. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The answer comes in the form of a couple of closely related programs that offer free or low-cost summertime meals: the \u003ca href=\"http://www.summerfood.usda.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Summer Food Service Program\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fns.usda.gov/cnd/seamless_summer.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Seamless Summer Option\u003c/a> (the latter an extension of the National School Lunch Program). Together these programs, carried out in conjunction with state and local governments and school districts, feed millions of children up to age 18 across the United States. The summer programs operate in every county in the Bay Area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re looking for a summer meal site, or know someone who is, here are links to the programs in each Bay Area County: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/sh/sn/sfs201101.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Alameda\u003c/a> (Berkeley, Oakland, San Leandro, Fremont)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/sh/sn/sfs201107.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Contra Costa \u003c/a>(Richmond, Martinez, Concord, Pittsburg, Antioch, etc.)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/sh/sn/sfs201121.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Marin\u003c/a> (Sausalito, Marin City)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/sh/sn/sfs201128.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Napa\u003c/a> (Napa, St. Helena, Calistoga)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/sh/sn/sfs201138.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Francisco\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/sh/sn/sfs201141.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Mateo\u003c/a> (East Palo Alto, Menlo Park, Atherton, Redwood City, Daly City)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/sh/sn/sfs201143.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Clara\u003c/a> (San Jose, Gilroy, Mountain View, etc.)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/sh/sn/sfs201144.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Santa Cruz\u003c/a> (Santa Cruz, Watsonville)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/sh/sn/sfs201148.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Solano\u003c/a> (Vallejo, Fairfield, Suisun City, etc.)\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ds/sh/sn/sfs201149.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sonoma\u003c/a> (Santa Rosa, Rohnert Park, Petaluma, Healdsburg, Guerneville, etc.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Bridging a Summertime Food Gap | KQED",
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"slug": "bryan-stow-medical-update",
"title": "Bryan Stow Condition Upgraded From Critical to Serious; Eyes Opening, Following Basic Commands",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_31871\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 175px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/Stow-Medical-Geoff-ManleySM.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/Stow-Medical-Geoff-ManleySM.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"Stow-Medical-Geoff-ManleySM\" width=\"175\" height=\"233\" class=\"size-full wp-image-31871\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Geoff Manley, Chief of Neurosurgery at SF General, giving medical update on Bryan Stow. Photo: Julia Bernstein\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>KQED’s Nina Thorsen is at the press conference on Bryan Stow’s condition at San Francisco General. She reports: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-Stow has been upgraded from critical to serious condition\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-He’s now breathing without a ventilator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-He’s exhibiting some spontaneous left arm movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-He’s intermittently following some basic commands and opening his eyes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-He’s been weened off two of five anti-seizure medications \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-Doctors are lowering doses of the remaining three anti-seizure meds he’s still taking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>-There has been no recent seizure activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Great news. Let’s just hope he didn’t see \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/06/21/SP6D1K0ON7.DTL\">last night’s game\u003c/a>, which has dealt even the healthiest of us a severe setback…\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"slug": "rachaels-breakfast-blend-seed-stockers-scoure-southland-whither-weed-regulation-in-california",
"title": "Rachael's Breakfast Blend: Seed Stockers Scoure Southland; Whither Weed Regulation in Calif.?",
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"content": "\u003cp>Rachael Myrow here, host of the California Report, with a handful of links to cool and/or important stories outside the Bay Area local readers should check out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-marijuana-20110617,0,1149645.story Raft of marijuana legislation highlights a murky regulatory climate\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-marijuana-20110617,0,1149645.story\" target=\"_top\" rel=\"noopener\">Raft of marijuana legislation highlights a murky regulatory climate\u003c/a> (Los Angeles Times)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-bell-police-20110617,0,7881480.story California campaign watchdog investigates Bell police union\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-bell-police-20110617,0,7881480.story\" target=\"_top\" rel=\"noopener\">California campaign watchdog investigates Bell police union\u003c/a>\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>(Los Angeles Times)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/17/arts/television/bob-banner-an-early-tv-producer-dies-at-89.html?emc=tnt&tntemail0=y\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/17/arts/television/bob-banner-an-early-tv-producer-dies-at-89.html?emc=tnt&tntemail0=y\">Bob Banner, an Early TV Producer, Dies at 89 \u003c/a>(New York Times)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"http://www.pe.com/localnews/stories/PE_News_Local_D_seeds17.3b2b90d.html\" href=\"http://www.pe.com/localnews/stories/PE_News_Local_D_seeds17.3b2b90d.html\">THE NEED TO SEED\u003c/a> (Riverside Press Enterprise)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2011/06/16/plane-crash-plaintiffs-cannot-sue-in-the-u-s/?KEYWORDS=California\" href=\"http://blogs.wsj.com/law/2011/06/16/plane-crash-plaintiffs-cannot-sue-in-the-u-s/?KEYWORDS=California\">Plane Crash Plaintiffs Cannot Sue in the U.S.\u003c/a> (Wall Street Journal)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30319\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 186px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/CircumciscionProcedure2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/CircumciscionProcedure2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"CircumciscionProcedure\" width=\"186\" height=\"105\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30319\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Rachel Seay performs a circumcision at GWU Hospital.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Debate has erupted across the country over a San Francisco ballot initiative to ban circumcision of minors. KQED News’ Online Community Specialist Ian Hill has curated the following comments of the many being posted about this issue. (And \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/circumcision-ban/\">more on the proposed ban here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://storify.com/kqednews/reaction-proposed-san-francisco-circumcision-ban\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30319\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 186px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/CircumciscionProcedure2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/CircumciscionProcedure2.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"CircumciscionProcedure\" width=\"186\" height=\"105\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30319\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Rachel Seay performs a circumcision at GWU Hospital.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Debate has erupted across the country over a San Francisco ballot initiative to ban circumcision of minors. KQED News’ Online Community Specialist Ian Hill has curated the following comments of the many being posted about this issue. (And \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/circumcision-ban/\">more on the proposed ban here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://storify.com/kqednews/reaction-proposed-san-francisco-circumcision-ban\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Interviews: Circumcision Ban Proponent Explains His Views; 1st Amendment Lawyer on Why Ban is Unconstitutional",
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"content": "\u003cp>I’ve yet to meet the class act able to resist the compulsion to pun when first mentioning the controversial \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmgmbill.org./Site/Home.html\">circumcision ban\u003c/a> proposed in San Francisco. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/05/18/circumcision-ban-makes-will-be-on-sf-ballot/\">Guilty\u003c/a>, by the way.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30201\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 248px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/CircumciscionProcedure1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/CircumciscionProcedure1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"CircumciscionProcedure\" width=\"248\" height=\"140\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30201\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Rachel Seay performs a circumcision at George Washington University Hospital.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pedestrian cleverness aside, it’s pretty clear by now that this is a volatile issue. Questions of religious freedom and perceived \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/nov05election/detail?entry_id=90251\">anti-semitism\u003c/a> have entered the debate, provoking emotional responses on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days ago, The California Report’s Rachael Myrow interviewed Lloyd Schofield, the San Francisco resident who is the official proponent of the circumcision ban that has qualified for the November ballot. The interview, I think, provides an interesting window into the thinking behind anti-circumcision advocates. The interview is followed by one with a First Amendment lawyer who specializes in defending religious practices, who thinks that the bill, even if it passes, is going nowhere fast, because of the heavy burden courts have placed on legislation attempting to restrict the free exercise of religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydinvolve.mp3\">\u003cem>Lloyd Schofield on how he became involved in the anti-circumcision movement\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydinvolve.mp3|titles=circumlloydinvolve]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>About two years ago, Schofield noticed advocates at various events and began to study the issue. He gradually became more involved. \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydpersonal.mp3\">\u003cem>Lloyd Schofield on whether he’s circumcised\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydpersonal.mp3|titles=circumlloydpersonal]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Schofield doesn’t want to answer the question because he doesn’t want to make the issue personal. He thinks the decision to be circumcised should be the choice of each male when he’s over 18 years old.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydbris1.mp3\">\u003cem>Schofield on the question of the Jewish ritual of the bris\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydbris1.mp3|titles=circumlloydbris]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Schofield says that many Jews are supportive of the movement. He says that for many who get their sons circumcised, the ceremony has no religious significance.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydsf.mp3\">\u003cem>On the failure to interest anyone on the Board of Supervisors\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydsf.mp3|titles=circumlloydsf]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Proponents decided to try the ban in San Francisco, because of the city’s history in protecting animals from harm. But there was no interest among the Board of Supervisors in taking up the legislation.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloyslegal2.mp3\">\u003cem>On the legality of the law and the lack of a religious exemption\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloyslegal2.mp3|titles=circumlloyslegal2]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Schofield believes it would be discriminatory to leave males born into religious families subject to exemption from the ban. He also thinks including a religious exemption would make the law toothless. As to the question of the likelihood of the law not passing legal scrutiny, Schofield believes the procedure is so violent that it should be equated with female genital mutilation, which is outlawed. Thus, he believes that any ban should be ruled legal under the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause\">Equal Protection Clause \u003c/a> of the U.S. Constitution.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It should be noted that Lloyd Schofield himself didn’t write the circumcision ban — that was done by Matthew Hess of \u003ca href=\"http://mgmbill.org/\">MGMBill.org\u003c/a>, an organization that proposes local, state, and federal legislation — so far to no success – outlawing circumcision. (Hess is also the creator of an online comic called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.foreskinman.com/\">Foreskin Man\u003c/a>,” which \u003ca href=\"http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/jun/08/sensitive-issue-san-diegan-center-national-circumc/\">some have called\u003c/a> anti-semitic.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bills are modeled on existing federal and state female genital mutilation laws, so much of the language is similar to those statutes,” Hess wrote Rachael Myrow in an email. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Martin Nussbaum, a First Amendment attorney from Colorado Springs whose law firm represents religious institutions nationwide, thinks it extremely unlikely that the ban, even if it did pass, would be upheld by the courts. Listen to Rachael Myrow’s interview with Nussbaum below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumLawyer1.mp3\">\u003cem>Attorney Martin Nussbaum says these anti-circumcision bills are illegal on their face\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumLawyer1.mp3|titles=circumLawyer1]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Nussbaum says these bans are no more constitutional than those that might outlaw baptism because of the risk of drowning. He says the laws run afoul of many constitutional values.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlawyer2.mp3\">\u003cem>Nussbaum describes the constitutional problems with the law\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlawyer2.mp3|titles=circumlawyer2]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Nussbaum says the ban is illegal under both the California constitution and the First Amendment. The court would have to asses whether the government’s interest in a ban is of the highest order, which is unlikely. Also, in its declaration that religious belief specifically won’t be taken into account in making exceptions, the bill targets religion, Nussbaum says, and is on its face unconstitutional. \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlawyer3.mp3\">\u003cem>Nussbaum describes some the precedents under which other attempts to criminalize religious practices have failed\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlawyer3.mp3|titles=circumlawyer3]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A number of precedents have been established in which the courts have ruled against the outlawing of certain religious rites or practices. When the interest of government in banning certain religiously motivated actions, such as keeping children out of school, the free exercise of religion has usually been found to be more compelling. Thus, under a variety of legal doctrines, the circumcision ban is very unlikely to pass constitutional muster.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Also today, on KQED’s Forum radio show, Rachael Myrow hosted an hour-long discussion covering the different aspects of the issue. Lloyd Schofield appeared with Abby Michelson Porth, associate director of the Jewish Community Relations Council, part of a coalition opposing the measure; and Laurence Baskin, chief of pediatric urology at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201106080900\">Listen\u003c/a> below\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also quite a \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201106080900\">\u003cstrong>discussion going on\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> in the Forum comments section. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Related:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/06/08/BA5P1JQG19.DTL\">Santa Monica won’t vote on circumcision\u003c/a> (SF Chronicle)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I’ve yet to meet the class act able to resist the compulsion to pun when first mentioning the controversial \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmgmbill.org./Site/Home.html\">circumcision ban\u003c/a> proposed in San Francisco. (\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/05/18/circumcision-ban-makes-will-be-on-sf-ballot/\">Guilty\u003c/a>, by the way.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30201\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 248px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/CircumciscionProcedure1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/CircumciscionProcedure1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"CircumciscionProcedure\" width=\"248\" height=\"140\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30201\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Rachel Seay performs a circumcision at George Washington University Hospital.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Pedestrian cleverness aside, it’s pretty clear by now that this is a volatile issue. Questions of religious freedom and perceived \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/blogs/nov05election/detail?entry_id=90251\">anti-semitism\u003c/a> have entered the debate, provoking emotional responses on both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days ago, The California Report’s Rachael Myrow interviewed Lloyd Schofield, the San Francisco resident who is the official proponent of the circumcision ban that has qualified for the November ballot. The interview, I think, provides an interesting window into the thinking behind anti-circumcision advocates. The interview is followed by one with a First Amendment lawyer who specializes in defending religious practices, who thinks that the bill, even if it passes, is going nowhere fast, because of the heavy burden courts have placed on legislation attempting to restrict the free exercise of religion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydinvolve.mp3\">\u003cem>Lloyd Schofield on how he became involved in the anti-circumcision movement\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>About two years ago, Schofield noticed advocates at various events and began to study the issue. He gradually became more involved. \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydpersonal.mp3\">\u003cem>Lloyd Schofield on whether he’s circumcised\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Schofield doesn’t want to answer the question because he doesn’t want to make the issue personal. He thinks the decision to be circumcised should be the choice of each male when he’s over 18 years old.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydbris1.mp3\">\u003cem>Schofield on the question of the Jewish ritual of the bris\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Schofield says that many Jews are supportive of the movement. He says that for many who get their sons circumcised, the ceremony has no religious significance.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloydsf.mp3\">\u003cem>On the failure to interest anyone on the Board of Supervisors\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Proponents decided to try the ban in San Francisco, because of the city’s history in protecting animals from harm. But there was no interest among the Board of Supervisors in taking up the legislation.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlloyslegal2.mp3\">\u003cem>On the legality of the law and the lack of a religious exemption\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Schofield believes it would be discriminatory to leave males born into religious families subject to exemption from the ban. He also thinks including a religious exemption would make the law toothless. As to the question of the likelihood of the law not passing legal scrutiny, Schofield believes the procedure is so violent that it should be equated with female genital mutilation, which is outlawed. Thus, he believes that any ban should be ruled legal under the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause\">Equal Protection Clause \u003c/a> of the U.S. Constitution.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>It should be noted that Lloyd Schofield himself didn’t write the circumcision ban — that was done by Matthew Hess of \u003ca href=\"http://mgmbill.org/\">MGMBill.org\u003c/a>, an organization that proposes local, state, and federal legislation — so far to no success – outlawing circumcision. (Hess is also the creator of an online comic called “\u003ca href=\"http://www.foreskinman.com/\">Foreskin Man\u003c/a>,” which \u003ca href=\"http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/2011/jun/08/sensitive-issue-san-diegan-center-national-circumc/\">some have called\u003c/a> anti-semitic.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bills are modeled on existing federal and state female genital mutilation laws, so much of the language is similar to those statutes,” Hess wrote Rachael Myrow in an email. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Martin Nussbaum, a First Amendment attorney from Colorado Springs whose law firm represents religious institutions nationwide, thinks it extremely unlikely that the ban, even if it did pass, would be upheld by the courts. Listen to Rachael Myrow’s interview with Nussbaum below:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumLawyer1.mp3\">\u003cem>Attorney Martin Nussbaum says these anti-circumcision bills are illegal on their face\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Nussbaum says these bans are no more constitutional than those that might outlaw baptism because of the risk of drowning. He says the laws run afoul of many constitutional values.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlawyer2.mp3\">\u003cem>Nussbaum describes the constitutional problems with the law\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Nussbaum says the ban is illegal under both the California constitution and the First Amendment. The court would have to asses whether the government’s interest in a ban is of the highest order, which is unlikely. Also, in its declaration that religious belief specifically won’t be taken into account in making exceptions, the bill targets religion, Nussbaum says, and is on its face unconstitutional. \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/circumlawyer3.mp3\">\u003cem>Nussbaum describes some the precedents under which other attempts to criminalize religious practices have failed\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A number of precedents have been established in which the courts have ruled against the outlawing of certain religious rites or practices. When the interest of government in banning certain religiously motivated actions, such as keeping children out of school, the free exercise of religion has usually been found to be more compelling. Thus, under a variety of legal doctrines, the circumcision ban is very unlikely to pass constitutional muster.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Also today, on KQED’s Forum radio show, Rachael Myrow hosted an hour-long discussion covering the different aspects of the issue. Lloyd Schofield appeared with Abby Michelson Porth, associate director of the Jewish Community Relations Council, part of a coalition opposing the measure; and Laurence Baskin, chief of pediatric urology at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201106080900\">Listen\u003c/a> below\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s also quite a \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201106080900\">\u003cstrong>discussion going on\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> in the Forum comments section. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Related:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/06/08/BA5P1JQG19.DTL\">Santa Monica won’t vote on circumcision\u003c/a> (SF Chronicle)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_30043\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 250px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/HIV30.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/HIV30.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"HIV30\" width=\"250\" height=\"195\" class=\"size-full wp-image-30043\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the earliest days of the epidemic, doctors and nurses could offer little but compassion for patients who were suffering from a virus that didn’t even have a name. (Photo:GLBT Historical Society)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Part 2 of Scott Shafer’s series of interviews surrounding the 30th anniversary of HIV/AIDS is with San Francisco community activist Paul Boneberg, who lived through the epidemic when it first struck in the early 1980s. The interview is summarized directly below the audio.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/Boneberg.mp3\">\u003cem>Paul Boneberg on what the early days of the AIDS epidemic were like\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/Boneberg.mp3|titles=Boneberg]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>When the epidemic hit, very rapidly by the end of the year everyone in the community knew people who were dying. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We began to organize. In 1982, the Stonewall Gay Democratic club hosted a forum with \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/search?q=bobby+campbell\">Bobbi Campbell\u003c/a>, who showed us his Kaposi sarcoma lesions. Community groups realized we needed to pay attention to this. There was great fear. Every gay man at that time thought he was infected. We didn’t know what the agent was. But people understood that people just like them were getting sick and dying very quickly. You could know someone and very quickly he’d become sick and die. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">This isn’t the last catastrophe that will affect mankind. There’s a lesson here as to how to respond to a great disaster.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> First you get the fear, then you try to take care of people. Then you realize people aren’t being treated right, that your friends and partners couldn’t get the care they needed. And there were horrible proposals, like calling for people to be locked up. The same people who hated us before AIDS hated us after, but after they were particularly vicious in attacking the LGBT community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People were forced out of the closet when they were sick. Roy Cohn, Liberace, Rock Hudson. A series of very prominent people were suddenly known to be gay. And people came out to their families too, introducing them to their caregivers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community activists had to shift course. It was an entirely different discussion than in in the 1970s. Suddenly you had to meet with appropriators to ask for money. There was no infrastructure to respond to AIDS, and we learned how to get drugs approved and create structures. The community was transformed and is stronger and more vibrant than it was 30 years ago because of our response to AIDS. We became the community we always thought we would be. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would certainly hope Americans are proud of the community’s response to HIV/AIDS and San Franciscans are proud of how they took care of each other and stood against bigotry. This isn’t the last catastrophe that will affect mankind. There’s a lesson here as to how to respond to a great disaster; there’s something here of a model about how people who were legally discriminated against and despised took care of themselves.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>When the epidemic hit, very rapidly by the end of the year everyone in the community knew people who were dying. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We began to organize. In 1982, the Stonewall Gay Democratic club hosted a forum with \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/search?q=bobby+campbell\">Bobbi Campbell\u003c/a>, who showed us his Kaposi sarcoma lesions. Community groups realized we needed to pay attention to this. There was great fear. Every gay man at that time thought he was infected. We didn’t know what the agent was. But people understood that people just like them were getting sick and dying very quickly. You could know someone and very quickly he’d become sick and die. \u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">This isn’t the last catastrophe that will affect mankind. There’s a lesson here as to how to respond to a great disaster.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> First you get the fear, then you try to take care of people. Then you realize people aren’t being treated right, that your friends and partners couldn’t get the care they needed. And there were horrible proposals, like calling for people to be locked up. The same people who hated us before AIDS hated us after, but after they were particularly vicious in attacking the LGBT community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People were forced out of the closet when they were sick. Roy Cohn, Liberace, Rock Hudson. A series of very prominent people were suddenly known to be gay. And people came out to their families too, introducing them to their caregivers. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community activists had to shift course. It was an entirely different discussion than in in the 1970s. Suddenly you had to meet with appropriators to ask for money. There was no infrastructure to respond to AIDS, and we learned how to get drugs approved and create structures. The community was transformed and is stronger and more vibrant than it was 30 years ago because of our response to AIDS. We became the community we always thought we would be. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I would certainly hope Americans are proud of the community’s response to HIV/AIDS and San Franciscans are proud of how they took care of each other and stood against bigotry. This isn’t the last catastrophe that will affect mankind. There’s a lesson here as to how to respond to a great disaster; there’s something here of a model about how people who were legally discriminated against and despised took care of themselves.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"soldout": {
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