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Dr. Diane Havlir, Chief of UCSF’s HIV/AIDS Division at San Francisco General, discusses the current state of HIV/AIDS treatment and the incredible medical advances in that area over the past 15 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The content of each audio clip is summarized directly below it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/hivhavlir1.mp3\">Dr. Diane Havlir on advances in treatment since the 1980s\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/hivhavlir1.mp3|titles=hivhavlir1]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Back in the 80s, AIDS was characterized by death, by despair, by fear, and by futility, with massive collateral damages. Familes and businesses were being destroyed; it had a profound effect on the arts community. We saw people coming in extremely ill, with exotic cancers, with purple skin lesions; people came in blind, with seizures, and demented. 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We don’t if we can ever reverse all the immune damage caused.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/hivhavlir2.mp3\">Dr. Havlir on the debate over when to begin treatment\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/hivhavlir2.mp3|titles=hivhavlir2]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>At San Francisco General we offer treatment to everyone as soon as we find out their HIV status. The minute a person is infected with HIV, the damage starts immediately. We would argue that the data shows that the virus is worse than the drugs that we give, and that they represent the best chance of preserving health. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A secondary benefit is reduced transmission. When we made this policy, we did a modeling experiment and saw that over a period of five years, you reduce the number of new cases by 50-75%. Those are theoretical predictions, but we’re tracking that and we do expect to see a reduction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One study found that men who have sex with men have a reduced chance of getting HIV if they take the HIV drugs even before they’re infected. It’s a prophylactic to prevent transmission altogether. \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/hivhavlir3.mp3\">\u003cem>Dr. Havlir on the hope of current research\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/hivhavlir3.mp3|titles=hivhavlir3]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Ten years from now we’re going to have fewer infections. People living with HIV are going to have much longer life expectancies. We’re going to have gained information about aging which is going to be very helpful. I think we’ve got tools in our hands right now to turn the corner on the global HIV epidemic. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I’m very optimistic we’re going to make progress toward a cure. Meaning that one lives with HIV without any drugs and without getting sick. \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/hivhavlir4.mp3\">\u003cem>Dr. Havlir on how a younger generation looks at HIV\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/hivhavlir4.mp3|titles=hivhavlir4]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Despite all the advances in research, stigma is still attached to this disease. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From the AIDS perspective, complacency in the American public is one of our biggest challenges. We have 60,000 new infections a year, and people will say “is that still a problem?” We need to increase public awareness, because community support is how we changed AIDS from uniformly fatal to a treatable disease. Over the next 30 years, in order to turn the corner, we’re going to need equal if not greater support.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/hivhavlir5.mp3\">\u003cem>Dr. Havlir on the contribution of San Francisco patients to HIV research, and the San Francisco model\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/hivhavlir5.mp3|titles=hivhavlir5]\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Our patients have been incredibly generous with their time and their lives. Everybody wants the answer to the research study but they don’t want to take the risk, and we’re on the cutting edge of developing new therapies and having access to them because of the participation of our patients, and we’re eternally grateful. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The status of the “San Francisco model” is that it’s still a holistic approach. Our patients deal with addiction, housing problems, mental illness — the model now incorporates services to address those issues, because without addressing them, the drugs won’t help.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29707\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/glbths_2006_12_ManwithNurse_web.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-29707\" title=\"glbths_2006_12_ManwithNurse_web\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/glbths_2006_12_ManwithNurse_web-300x234.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"234\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the earliest days of the epidemic doctors and nurses could offer little but compassion for patients whose immune systems collapsed from a virus that didn’t even have a name. (Photo courtesy of the GLBT Historical Society)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sunday will mark the 30th anniversary of the first official notice of the virus that would soon become known as HIV. In 2006, for the 25th anniversary, The American Journal of Public Health reprinted the original report from Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), a publication of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. You can \u003ca href=\"http://ajph.aphapublications.org/cgi/content/full/96/6/980?maxtoshow=&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&author1=gottlieb&fulltext=pneumocystis+pneumonia&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT\">\u003cstrong>read that report here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>. It starts like this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In the period October 1980–May 1981, 5 young men, all active homosexuals, were treated for biopsy-confirmed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at 3 different hospitals in Los Angeles, California. Two of the patients died. All 5 patients had laboratory-confirmed previous or current cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and candidal mucosal infection. Case reports of these patients follow.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>After the description of the five cases, the report closes with this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia was confirmed for all 5 patients ante-mortem by closed or open lung biopsy. The patients did not know each other and had no known common contacts or knowledge of sexual partners who had had similar illnesses. The 5 did not have comparable histories of sexually transmitted disease. Four had serologic evidence of past hepatitis B infection but had no evidence of current hepatitis B surface antigen. Two of the 5 reported having frequent homosexual contacts with various partners. All 5 reported using inhalant drugs, and 1 reported parenteral drug abuse…\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Today, some 30 years later, MMWR published this \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6021a2.htm?s_cid=mm6021a2_w\">report\u003c/a>, called “HIV Surveillance — United States, 1981–2008,” which breaks down the number of HIV cases in the U.S. by age, sex, race and transmission category (men to men, heterosexual, etc.). The report also recaps the spread of the disease and publishes this statistic:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of 2008, an estimated 1,178,350 persons aged ≥13 years were living with HIV infection, including 236,400 (20.1%) whose infections had not been diagnosed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29707\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/glbths_2006_12_ManwithNurse_web.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-29707\" title=\"glbths_2006_12_ManwithNurse_web\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/glbths_2006_12_ManwithNurse_web-300x234.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"234\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the earliest days of the epidemic doctors and nurses could offer little but compassion for patients whose immune systems collapsed from a virus that didn’t even have a name. (Photo courtesy of the GLBT Historical Society)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Sunday will mark the 30th anniversary of the first official notice of the virus that would soon become known as HIV. In 2006, for the 25th anniversary, The American Journal of Public Health reprinted the original report from Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), a publication of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. You can \u003ca href=\"http://ajph.aphapublications.org/cgi/content/full/96/6/980?maxtoshow=&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=&author1=gottlieb&fulltext=pneumocystis+pneumonia&searchid=1&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&resourcetype=HWCIT\">\u003cstrong>read that report here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>. It starts like this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>In the period October 1980–May 1981, 5 young men, all active homosexuals, were treated for biopsy-confirmed Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia at 3 different hospitals in Los Angeles, California. Two of the patients died. All 5 patients had laboratory-confirmed previous or current cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection and candidal mucosal infection. Case reports of these patients follow.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>After the description of the five cases, the report closes with this:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The diagnosis of Pneumocystis pneumonia was confirmed for all 5 patients ante-mortem by closed or open lung biopsy. The patients did not know each other and had no known common contacts or knowledge of sexual partners who had had similar illnesses. The 5 did not have comparable histories of sexually transmitted disease. Four had serologic evidence of past hepatitis B infection but had no evidence of current hepatitis B surface antigen. Two of the 5 reported having frequent homosexual contacts with various partners. All 5 reported using inhalant drugs, and 1 reported parenteral drug abuse…\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Today, some 30 years later, MMWR published this \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6021a2.htm?s_cid=mm6021a2_w\">report\u003c/a>, called “HIV Surveillance — United States, 1981–2008,” which breaks down the number of HIV cases in the U.S. by age, sex, race and transmission category (men to men, heterosexual, etc.). The report also recaps the spread of the disease and publishes this statistic:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At the end of 2008, an estimated 1,178,350 persons aged ≥13 years were living with HIV infection, including 236,400 (20.1%) whose infections had not been diagnosed.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the early 1990s, I moved to the Castro. Until then, ensconced in my heterosexual bubble, as it were, I’d been only vaguely aware of the scourge of AIDS. But this new neighborhood — it felt haunted. Cadaverous men, leaning on canes, laboriously breathing from oxygen masks. The diners on Castro Street, offering 10 percent discounts to PWAs (Persons with AIDS, I discovered). At Cafe Flore on Noe and Market, people speaking in hushed tones about recently deceased partners and dwindling T-cells. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_29692\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 248px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/AIDSRibbon1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/AIDSRibbon1.jpg\" alt=\"\" title=\"AIDSRibbon\" width=\"248\" height=\"140\" class=\"size-full wp-image-29692\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">AIDS ribbon (Photo: Alexa Stankovic/AFP/Getty)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In the early ’90s, testing positive for HIV was, for a majority of those afflicted, a death sentence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an absence of a decade, I moved back to the Castro in 2004, finding that the atmosphere of despair had lifted considerably. My HIV-positive friend — an avid tennis player looking perpetually fit — was a prime example of how medical advances had changed the outlook for those living with the virus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sunday marks the 30th anniversary of a CDC report citing five cases in Los Angeles of men who had contracted pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Later those cases were designated as human immunodeficiency virus, or HIV, which currently afflicts an estimated 34 million people around the world. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today on KQED’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201106030900\">Forum radio show\u003c/a>, host Dave Iverson and guests looked back on the last 30 years of AIDS science, medicine and prevention efforts, and a look forward to the best hopes of finding a cure. Some audio clips:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/HIVDeeks.mp3\">Steven Deeks, UCSF professor of medicine\u003c/a>\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/HIVDeeks.mp3|titles=HIVDeeks] \u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are now asking the question ‘can we restore health to the same that you get in someone who is HIV-negative. The answer to that is no. We are making people much better, but we are not restoring health… (There’s a growing consensus) that the aging process is perhaps a bit accelerated in people with HIV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/HIVLeBlanc.mp3\">\u003cem>Stephen LeBlanc,AIDS Policy Project board member\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/HIVLeBlanc.mp3|titles=HIVLeBlanc]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Three years ago nobody was predicting the end of the AIDS epidemic… I’m seeing some of the cure technology and therapies that are incredibly exicting. There’ a possiblity that…a cure could be available even in three to five years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/HIVSheehy1.mp3\">\u003cem>Jeff Sheehy, HIV patient advocate, CIRM board member\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/HIVSheehy1.mp3|titles=HIVSheehy1]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have the tools right now to break the back of this epidemic in this country. Yet there are 8,000 people in this country who are indicated for drugs…who are waiting to get them. There’s not enough funding. Why have we not summoned the national will to do the kind of treatments and interventions to stop this epidemic?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/HIVSheehy2.mp3\">\u003cem>Jeff Sheehy\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/HIVSheehy2.mp3|titles=HIVSheehy2]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’ve found is that even though (the virus) is controlled, there’s still activity…that causes inflammation, and that inflammation causes all sorts of damage… That starts from the moment of infection and can shorten your life span, especially if you start treatment late…For a person who’s 50, my immune system looks like that of a person who’s 85.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/HIVSheehy3.mp3\">\u003cem>Jeff Sheehy\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n[audio:http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/06/HIVSheehy3.mp3|titles=HIVSheehy3]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d like us to think about having some of the energy we had in the mid ’90s when things looked really bleak and the sun suddenly came up again… Making sure that at least everyone in this country has access to care… And then we need to start talking about a cure. Hope is really important, and it’s a reasonable hope.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listen to the entire \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201106030900\">Forum segment\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here’s a segment from KQED’s This Week In Northern California looking at San Francisco’s response to AIDS over the years. Belva Davis speaks with Diane Jones, RN, and Brad Hare, MD, both with San Francisco General Hospital’s legendary Ward 86, about advancements in medical treatment in the last 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"303\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/xpM6L6whqX8\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28314\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 243px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/05/scotus110523a.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/05/scotus110523a.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Holding cages, Salinas Valley State Prison \" width=\"243\" height=\"409\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28314\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image from today's Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Plata. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Leafing through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/10pdf/09-1233.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">84 pages of decision and dissents\u003c/a> from the U.S. Supreme Court today, the first sign you’re in unusual territory is the pictures. The majority opinion from Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy includes three images depicting conditions in California’s prisons. Two show generic scenes of overcrowding in a system that in 2006 was packed to 185 percent of its designed capacity. (One unforgettable portrait of the overflow conditions came from NPR’s Laura Sullivan in \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92296114\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a 2008 story on San Quentin\u003c/a>.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third image (right) shows cages used to confine some mentally disturbed prisoners. Here’s how the opinion describes them: “Because of a shortage of treatment beds, suicidal inmates may be held for prolonged periods in telephone-booth sized cages without toilets. … A psychiatric expert reported observing an inmate who had been held in such a cage for nearly 24 hours, standing in a pool of his own urine, unresponsive and nearly catatonic. Prison officials explained they had ‘no place to put him.’ ”\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n(By the way: the use of images in U.S. Supreme Court opinions: rare but not unprecedented. For instance, see the 2003 opinion \u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/04pdf/03-1500.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Van Orden v. Perry\u003c/a>, in which the court held that a display of the Ten Commandments on the Texas state capitol grounds did not violate the First Amendment’s \u003ca href=\"http://topics.law.cornell.edu/wex/establishment_clause\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">establishment clause\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court was divided 5-4 in today’s Brown v. Plata. But even that close result masks the bitterness of the split. The 84 pages comprise Kennedy’s majority opinion—joined by Associate Justices Stephen Breyer, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan—and two dissents: one by Antonin Scalia (joined by Clarence Thomas) and one by Samuel Alito ( joined by Chief Justice John Roberts.) The dissents are incendiary, but more on that in a moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority opinion may be read as a condemnation of inhumane conditions in California prisons and as a ringing defense of the notion that under our Constitution society owes those we imprison a basic measure of rights:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\n“As a consequence of their own actions, prisoners may be deprived of rights that are fundamental to liberty. Yet the law and the Constitution demand recognition of certain other rights. Prisoners retain the essence of human dignity inherent in all persons. Respect for that dignity animates the Eighth Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. ‘ “The basic concept underlying the Eighth Amendment is nothing less than the dignity of man.” ‘ (Atkins v. Virginia 2002, Trop v. Dulles 1958.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To incarcerate, society takes from prisoners the means to provide for their own needs. Prisoners are dependent on the State for food, clothing, and necessary medical care. A prison’s failure to provide sustenance for inmates ‘may actually produce physical “torture or a lingering death.” ‘ (in Estelle v. Gamble 1976, in re Kemmler 1890). … Just as a prisoner may starve if not fed, he or she may suffer or die if not provided adequate medical care. A prison that deprives prisoners of basic sustenance, including adequate medical care, is incompatible with the concept of human dignity and has no place in civilized society.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But today’s decision actually turns on something a little more mundane than the principles underlying the Eighth Amendment. The court’s charge was to adjudicate the California’s challenge to lower federal courts’ findings and prescriptions for the prison system under a 1996 law called the\u003ca href=\"http://www.law.yale.edu/documents/pdf/Boston_PLRA_Treatise.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Prison Litigation Reform Act\u003c/a>, or PLRA. The law seeks to make it harder for prisoners to sue over the conditions of their incarceration and requires both inmates and the courts that hear their cases to jump through a series of hoops in seeking and granting remedies to situations like dangerously inadequate mental health care—the allegation that drove the original federal court case (now known as Coleman v. Brown et al.). For instance, inmates must show they’ve exhausted every available avenue for resolving a complaint inside prison—using the prison’s grievance procedures, say—before suing. The law also requires a special three-judge panel, rather than a single judge, to pass judgment on relief for prisoner lawsuits. In granting relief, a three-judge panel is required to come up with a sharply focused remedy to fix a constitutional violation. The panel must also give “substantial weight” to how its remedy will affect public safety. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, California argued that the federal courts where the case began overstepped their bounds when they convened a three-judge district court panel to consider the issue of medical care in the prisons; and that the three-judge panel was wrong in its conclusion that overcrowding was the cause of poor medical care, that the conclusion was based on outdated information, and that the panel’s remedy—to require the state to reduce the prison population to 137.5 percent of capacity (about 46,000 inmates)—was far too sweeping and prescribed without due consideration for public safety. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And again in short, the court majority rejected the state’s argument, flatly affirming the panel’s order to reduce the prison population—including a two-year deadline for meeting the inmate quota. The opinion comes with a long final section of advice to both the state and to the three-judge district court\u003cbr>\npanel on how to approach future handling of the case. In essence, the court tells the panel to be open to the state’s suggestions for complying with its order; the court notes the state has already made progress in reducing its inmate population and suggests it might apply to extend the deadline for complying to five years. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now to the dissents, which are remarkable for their predictions of a reign of terror if the court-ordered cut in prison populations is carried out. Associate Justice Antonin Scalia says that in affirming the lower court’s order, the majority is going along with “what is perhaps the most radical injunction issued by a court in our Nation’s history: an order requiring California to release the staggering number of 46,000 convicted criminals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scalia focuses much of his scorn on the opinion’s concluding passage. He calls it “a bizarre coda”—perhaps just a superfluous reminder to the three-judge district court panel that its order is subject to modification. Or perhaps something else:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“I suspect … that this passage is a warning shot across the bow, telling the District Court that it had \u003cem>better\u003c/em> modify the injunction if the State requests what we invite it to request. Such a warning, if successful, would achieve the benefit of a marginal reduction in the inevitable murders, robberies, and rapes to be committed by the released inmates. … But perhaps I am being too unkind. … Perhaps the coda is nothing more than a ceremonial washing of the hands—making it clear for all to see, that if the terrible things sure to happen as a consequence of this outrageous order do happen, they will be none of this Court’s responsibility.” \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Beyond the vitriol, Scalia’s argument is that the lower court litigation failed to find any systemwide violation of the Eighth Amendment’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment, that the majority has accepted a remedy far too broadly drawn to follow the dictates of the Prison Litigation Reform Act, and that the decision continues a trend toward “structural injunctions” that involve judges in supervising social institutions. Getting back to the vitriol, Scalia says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It is also worth noting the peculiarity that the vast majority of inmates most generously rewarded by the release order—the 46,000 whose incarceration will be ended—do not form part of any aggrieved class even under the Court’s expansive notion of constitutional violation. Most of them will not be prisoners with medical conditions or severe mental illness; and many will undoubtedly be fine physical specimens who have developed intimidating muscles pumping iron in the prison gym.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Similarly, Associate Justice Samuel Alito argues the lower courts failed to establish that overcrowding in California’s prisons violates the Eighth Amendment. He, too, is appalled at the order to reduce inmate populations: “The three-judge court ordered the premature release of approximately \u003cem>46,000 criminals—the equivalent of three Army divisions.”\u003c/em> (Emphasis in original). He says he’d reverse the lower court for three reasons: the three-judge failed to look at current conditions in the state’s prisons; the panel was wrong in ruling that the massive prisoner release is necessary to comply with the Eighth Amendment; and the panel failed to adequately consider the impact of the release on public safety. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alito focuses mostly on that last point, saying that past attempts to reduce overcrowding by releasing inmates—even those found most likely to commit violent crimes—have been a failure. His view of what lies ahead here is dire:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The majority is gambling with the safety of the people of California. Before putting public safety at risk, every reasonable precaution should be taken. The decision below should be reversed, and the case should be remanded for this to be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I fear that today’s decision, like prior prisoner release orders, will lead to a grim roster of victims. I hope that I am wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a few years, we will see.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Links\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Supreme Court of the United States:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/10pdf/09-1233.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Brown v. Plata\u003c/a> (PDF)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_28314\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 243px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/05/scotus110523a.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2011/05/scotus110523a.png\" alt=\"\" title=\"Holding cages, Salinas Valley State Prison \" width=\"243\" height=\"409\" class=\"size-full wp-image-28314\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An image from today's Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Plata. \u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Leafing through the \u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/10pdf/09-1233.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">84 pages of decision and dissents\u003c/a> from the U.S. Supreme Court today, the first sign you’re in unusual territory is the pictures. The majority opinion from Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy includes three images depicting conditions in California’s prisons. Two show generic scenes of overcrowding in a system that in 2006 was packed to 185 percent of its designed capacity. (One unforgettable portrait of the overflow conditions came from NPR’s Laura Sullivan in \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92296114\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a 2008 story on San Quentin\u003c/a>.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A third image (right) shows cages used to confine some mentally disturbed prisoners. Here’s how the opinion describes them: “Because of a shortage of treatment beds, suicidal inmates may be held for prolonged periods in telephone-booth sized cages without toilets. … A psychiatric expert reported observing an inmate who had been held in such a cage for nearly 24 hours, standing in a pool of his own urine, unresponsive and nearly catatonic. Prison officials explained they had ‘no place to put him.’ ”\u003cbr>\n\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\n(By the way: the use of images in U.S. Supreme Court opinions: rare but not unprecedented. For instance, see the 2003 opinion \u003ca href=\"http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/04pdf/03-1500.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Van Orden v. Perry\u003c/a>, in which the court held that a display of the Ten Commandments on the Texas state capitol grounds did not violate the First Amendment’s \u003ca href=\"http://topics.law.cornell.edu/wex/establishment_clause\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">establishment clause\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The court was divided 5-4 in today’s Brown v. Plata. But even that close result masks the bitterness of the split. The 84 pages comprise Kennedy’s majority opinion—joined by Associate Justices Stephen Breyer, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Sonia Sotomayor, and Elena Kagan—and two dissents: one by Antonin Scalia (joined by Clarence Thomas) and one by Samuel Alito ( joined by Chief Justice John Roberts.) The dissents are incendiary, but more on that in a moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The majority opinion may be read as a condemnation of inhumane conditions in California prisons and as a ringing defense of the notion that under our Constitution society owes those we imprison a basic measure of rights:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\n“As a consequence of their own actions, prisoners may be deprived of rights that are fundamental to liberty. Yet the law and the Constitution demand recognition of certain other rights. Prisoners retain the essence of human dignity inherent in all persons. Respect for that dignity animates the Eighth Amendment prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. ‘ “The basic concept underlying the Eighth Amendment is nothing less than the dignity of man.” ‘ (Atkins v. Virginia 2002, Trop v. Dulles 1958.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To incarcerate, society takes from prisoners the means to provide for their own needs. Prisoners are dependent on the State for food, clothing, and necessary medical care. A prison’s failure to provide sustenance for inmates ‘may actually produce physical “torture or a lingering death.” ‘ (in Estelle v. Gamble 1976, in re Kemmler 1890). … Just as a prisoner may starve if not fed, he or she may suffer or die if not provided adequate medical care. A prison that deprives prisoners of basic sustenance, including adequate medical care, is incompatible with the concept of human dignity and has no place in civilized society.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But today’s decision actually turns on something a little more mundane than the principles underlying the Eighth Amendment. The court’s charge was to adjudicate the California’s challenge to lower federal courts’ findings and prescriptions for the prison system under a 1996 law called the\u003ca href=\"http://www.law.yale.edu/documents/pdf/Boston_PLRA_Treatise.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Prison Litigation Reform Act\u003c/a>, or PLRA. The law seeks to make it harder for prisoners to sue over the conditions of their incarceration and requires both inmates and the courts that hear their cases to jump through a series of hoops in seeking and granting remedies to situations like dangerously inadequate mental health care—the allegation that drove the original federal court case (now known as Coleman v. Brown et al.). For instance, inmates must show they’ve exhausted every available avenue for resolving a complaint inside prison—using the prison’s grievance procedures, say—before suing. The law also requires a special three-judge panel, rather than a single judge, to pass judgment on relief for prisoner lawsuits. In granting relief, a three-judge panel is required to come up with a sharply focused remedy to fix a constitutional violation. The panel must also give “substantial weight” to how its remedy will affect public safety. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In short, California argued that the federal courts where the case began overstepped their bounds when they convened a three-judge district court panel to consider the issue of medical care in the prisons; and that the three-judge panel was wrong in its conclusion that overcrowding was the cause of poor medical care, that the conclusion was based on outdated information, and that the panel’s remedy—to require the state to reduce the prison population to 137.5 percent of capacity (about 46,000 inmates)—was far too sweeping and prescribed without due consideration for public safety. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And again in short, the court majority rejected the state’s argument, flatly affirming the panel’s order to reduce the prison population—including a two-year deadline for meeting the inmate quota. The opinion comes with a long final section of advice to both the state and to the three-judge district court\u003cbr>\npanel on how to approach future handling of the case. In essence, the court tells the panel to be open to the state’s suggestions for complying with its order; the court notes the state has already made progress in reducing its inmate population and suggests it might apply to extend the deadline for complying to five years. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now to the dissents, which are remarkable for their predictions of a reign of terror if the court-ordered cut in prison populations is carried out. Associate Justice Antonin Scalia says that in affirming the lower court’s order, the majority is going along with “what is perhaps the most radical injunction issued by a court in our Nation’s history: an order requiring California to release the staggering number of 46,000 convicted criminals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scalia focuses much of his scorn on the opinion’s concluding passage. He calls it “a bizarre coda”—perhaps just a superfluous reminder to the three-judge district court panel that its order is subject to modification. Or perhaps something else:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“I suspect … that this passage is a warning shot across the bow, telling the District Court that it had \u003cem>better\u003c/em> modify the injunction if the State requests what we invite it to request. Such a warning, if successful, would achieve the benefit of a marginal reduction in the inevitable murders, robberies, and rapes to be committed by the released inmates. … But perhaps I am being too unkind. … Perhaps the coda is nothing more than a ceremonial washing of the hands—making it clear for all to see, that if the terrible things sure to happen as a consequence of this outrageous order do happen, they will be none of this Court’s responsibility.” \u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Beyond the vitriol, Scalia’s argument is that the lower court litigation failed to find any systemwide violation of the Eighth Amendment’s ban on cruel and unusual punishment, that the majority has accepted a remedy far too broadly drawn to follow the dictates of the Prison Litigation Reform Act, and that the decision continues a trend toward “structural injunctions” that involve judges in supervising social institutions. Getting back to the vitriol, Scalia says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“It is also worth noting the peculiarity that the vast majority of inmates most generously rewarded by the release order—the 46,000 whose incarceration will be ended—do not form part of any aggrieved class even under the Court’s expansive notion of constitutional violation. Most of them will not be prisoners with medical conditions or severe mental illness; and many will undoubtedly be fine physical specimens who have developed intimidating muscles pumping iron in the prison gym.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Similarly, Associate Justice Samuel Alito argues the lower courts failed to establish that overcrowding in California’s prisons violates the Eighth Amendment. He, too, is appalled at the order to reduce inmate populations: “The three-judge court ordered the premature release of approximately \u003cem>46,000 criminals—the equivalent of three Army divisions.”\u003c/em> (Emphasis in original). He says he’d reverse the lower court for three reasons: the three-judge failed to look at current conditions in the state’s prisons; the panel was wrong in ruling that the massive prisoner release is necessary to comply with the Eighth Amendment; and the panel failed to adequately consider the impact of the release on public safety. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alito focuses mostly on that last point, saying that past attempts to reduce overcrowding by releasing inmates—even those found most likely to commit violent crimes—have been a failure. His view of what lies ahead here is dire:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“The majority is gambling with the safety of the people of California. Before putting public safety at risk, every reasonable precaution should be taken. The decision below should be reversed, and the case should be remanded for this to be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I fear that today’s decision, like prior prisoner release orders, will lead to a grim roster of victims. I hope that I am wrong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a few years, we will see.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Why do I get the sense that by early November, the entire world is going to be focusing on whether or not the San Francisco \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/05/18/circumcision-ban-makes-will-be-on-sf-ballot/\">circumcision ban\u003c/a> passes? And that until then, the puns are going to be coming fast and furious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AP is already on the case, producing a three-minute video on the story and weighing in with this bon mot: \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Voters in San Francisco may soon decide to \u003cem>cut out\u003c/em> circumcision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"text-align: center\">\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"480\" height=\"303\" src=\"http://www.youtube.com/embed/Bcn3wjecsfU\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Rachael Myrow here, host of the California Report, with a handful of links to cool and/or important stories outside the Bay Area local readers should check out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"'Gold Card Desk' dismissed some L.A. parking tickets without justification, audit finds\" href=\"http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-gold-card-tickets-20110520,0,2727267.story\" target=\"_top\" rel=\"noopener\">‘Gold Card Desk’ dismissed some L.A. parking tickets without justification, audit finds\u003c/a> (Los Angeles Times)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://news.google.com/news/url?sa=t&ct2=us%2F0_0_s_1_0_t&usg=AFQjCNH6UAQYVa_FsNHVeKbMnFpxy3xPSQ&did=6c1dfce9389ee38b&cid=8797699814222&ei=ElfWTeDCCbCxiAL2ybUb&rt=MORE_COVERAGE&vm=STANDARD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fbusiness%2Fla-fi-quest-settlement-20110520%2C0%2C3174563.story\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Quest Diagnostics settles Medi-Cal whistle-blower suit\u003c/a> (Los Angeles Times)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/technology/20spam.html?emc=tnt&tntemail0=y\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/technology/20spam.html?emc=tnt&tntemail0=y\">Study Says Spam Can Be Cut by Blocking Card Transactions\u003c/a> (New York Times)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca title=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/education/20bcspecialneeds.html?emc=tnt&tntemail0=y\" href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/20/education/20bcspecialneeds.html?emc=tnt&tntemail0=y\">Parents Battle School Districts for Special Support\u003c/a> (New York Times)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pe.com/localnews/stories/PE_News_Local_D_jails20.3bae70a.html\">Mental health services in Riverside County suffering due to cuts\u003c/a> (Riverside Press Enterprise)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Well it was nip and tuck for awhile, but the circumcision ban has finally made it to the San Francisco ballot. From Bay City News:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A proposal to criminalize male circumcision will go before San Francisco voters this November after the Department of Elections verified Tuesday that supporters have gathered enough signatures to place the measure on the ballot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of the circumcision ban submitted 12,271 signatures to the city’s Department of Elections, which was able to verify 7,743 of them, a clerk with the department said today. The measure needed a minimum of 7,168 to qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organizer of the campaign, Lloyd Schofield, has said he believes male circumcision is wrong, and likens it to female circumcision practices already banned in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local religious groups have strongly opposed the proposal, which they say impinges on their constitutional rights to religious freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would punish people who circumcise a minor with a fine of up to $1,000 or up to a year in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schofield said today of the certification, “Obviously we’re very pleased, it was a lot of work for a lot of people … and we look forward to continuing that outreach and discussion with the people of San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nHere is the initiative’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmgmbill.org./Site/Home.html\">web site\u003c/a>, which includes the proposed law’s exact language: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>ARTICLE 50: GENITAL CUTTING OF MALE MINORS\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEC. 5001. PROHIBITION OF GENITAL CUTTING OF MALE MINORS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except as provided in SEC. 5002, it is unlawful to circumcise, excise, cut, or mutilate the whole or any part of the foreskin, testicles, or penis of another person who has not attained the age of 18 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEC. 5002. EXCEPTIONS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(a) A surgical operation is not a violation of this section if the operation is necessary to the physical health of the person on whom it is performed because of a clear, compelling, and immediate medical need with no less-destructive alternative treatment available, and is performed by a person licensed in the place of its performance as a medical practitioner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(b) In applying subsection (a), no account shall be taken of the effect on the person on whom the operation is to be performed of any belief on the part of that or any other person that the operation is required as a matter of custom or ritual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEC. 5003. PENALTY.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any person who violates any provisions of this Article shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction such person shall be punished by a fine not to exceed $1,000 or by imprisonment in the County Jail for a period not to exceed one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And that’s the long and the short of it…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Well it was nip and tuck for awhile, but the circumcision ban has finally made it to the San Francisco ballot. From Bay City News:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>A proposal to criminalize male circumcision will go before San Francisco voters this November after the Department of Elections verified Tuesday that supporters have gathered enough signatures to place the measure on the ballot. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of the circumcision ban submitted 12,271 signatures to the city’s Department of Elections, which was able to verify 7,743 of them, a clerk with the department said today. The measure needed a minimum of 7,168 to qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The organizer of the campaign, Lloyd Schofield, has said he believes male circumcision is wrong, and likens it to female circumcision practices already banned in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local religious groups have strongly opposed the proposal, which they say impinges on their constitutional rights to religious freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure would punish people who circumcise a minor with a fine of up to $1,000 or up to a year in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schofield said today of the certification, “Obviously we’re very pleased, it was a lot of work for a lot of people … and we look forward to continuing that outreach and discussion with the people of San Francisco.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003cbr>\nHere is the initiative’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfmgmbill.org./Site/Home.html\">web site\u003c/a>, which includes the proposed law’s exact language: \u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>ARTICLE 50: GENITAL CUTTING OF MALE MINORS\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEC. 5001. PROHIBITION OF GENITAL CUTTING OF MALE MINORS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Except as provided in SEC. 5002, it is unlawful to circumcise, excise, cut, or mutilate the whole or any part of the foreskin, testicles, or penis of another person who has not attained the age of 18 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEC. 5002. EXCEPTIONS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(a) A surgical operation is not a violation of this section if the operation is necessary to the physical health of the person on whom it is performed because of a clear, compelling, and immediate medical need with no less-destructive alternative treatment available, and is performed by a person licensed in the place of its performance as a medical practitioner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(b) In applying subsection (a), no account shall be taken of the effect on the person on whom the operation is to be performed of any belief on the part of that or any other person that the operation is required as a matter of custom or ritual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SEC. 5003. PENALTY.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Any person who violates any provisions of this Article shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and upon conviction such person shall be punished by a fine not to exceed $1,000 or by imprisonment in the County Jail for a period not to exceed one year, or by both such fine and imprisonment.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And that’s the long and the short of it…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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}
