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"headTitle": "California Foodways | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Today, grapes in the grocery store don’t seem that controversial. But 50 years ago, a historic strike in California’s Central Valley vineyards set in motion the most significant campaign in modern labor history: the farmworker movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ufw.org/\">United Farm Workers\u003c/a> and Cesar Chavez are widely known for running the Delano Grape Strike and prompting an international boycott of table grapes, the origins of that movement are rarely discussed. Some people in the town of Delano and across the state are determined to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/222406205\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be easy to drive through Delano and have no idea that history was made here. It’s a dry, hot Central Valley town, and places of historical importance -- such as a retirement home, a church, and acres and acres of farmland -- look ordinary on the outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10667541\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10667541\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/StrikingWorkersPicket-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Filipino farmworkers were the first to walk out of vineyards in 1965, prompting the Delano Grape Strike and, ultimately, the formation of the United Farm Workers along with Mexican farmworkers led by Cesar Chavez.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/StrikingWorkersPicket-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/StrikingWorkersPicket-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/StrikingWorkersPicket-1440x958.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/StrikingWorkersPicket.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/StrikingWorkersPicket-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/StrikingWorkersPicket-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Filipino farmworkers were the first to walk out of vineyards in 1965, prompting the Delano Grape Strike and, ultimately, the formation of the United Farm Workers along with Mexican farmworkers led by Cesar Chavez. \u003ccite>(Farmworker Movement Documentation Project/UC San Diego Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For many people, though, these places are sacred ground: the vineyards, picketed for years by farmworkers and their supporters; the high school auditorium where Sen. Bobby Kennedy spoke; a white stucco building on the edge of town where Cesar Chavez carried out a hunger strike and became a national symbol of farmworker rights; and a utilitarian community center known as Filipino Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To resident Roger Gadiano, Filipino Hall is a shrine. “This is our Mecca,” he says. “I guess it’s our Selma. This is it!” Because in this building, on the night of Sept. 7, 1965, farmworkers voted to go on strike the next day. They were almost all Filipino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People don’t know who in the heck walked in here … but I do.” Gadiano says. “It tickles me. We’re a part of a big history. We took a step that was bold and that no one else would take.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of those voting -- and striking -- were elders called Manongs, the mostly migrant, bachelor Filipino farmworkers whose names and stories few people know, even in Delano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10667678\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10667678\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CommunityCenter-800x542.jpg\" alt=\"Alex Edillor was an elementary school student when the 1965 grape strike started. The Filipino Hall became the center of activity as Mexicans joined forces with Filipino grape pickers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"542\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CommunityCenter-800x542.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CommunityCenter-400x271.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CommunityCenter-1440x975.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CommunityCenter.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CommunityCenter-1180x799.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CommunityCenter-960x650.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alex Edillor was an elementary school student when the 1965 grape strike started. The Filipino Hall became the center of activity as Mexicans joined forces with Filipino grape pickers. \u003ccite>(Henry A. Barrios/FERN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During Philippine Weekend, a cultural celebration and kind of family reunion, a group of young women say they never learned about the farmworker movement in school. Anhelica Perez says her Latina grandmother and other relatives actually participated in the strike and ensuing boycott, “So it was active family history, but it was not taught -- or talked about -- at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though she’s in her late 20s, Melanie Retuda says she learned about the Filipino origins of the strike only last year. “I’d known of Cesar Chavez and Hispanics being involved,” she says. “Being Filipino, it’s like, ‘Wow.’ Filipinos actually made an impact in the process. It makes me proud that they were involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez is outraged that this history is not known because the actions those Filipinos took improved her family’s lives. “I mean, I’m extremely proud that Cesar Chavez was the right face at the right time, but a lot of the dirty work was already done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10667728\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10667728\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Larry800-800x1010.jpg\" alt=\"Larry Itliong, key organizer of the Filipino farmworkers who started the Delano Grape Strike. Legislation was recently passed to recognize Larry Itliong Day in California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1010\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Larry800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Larry800-400x505.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Larry Itliong, key organizer of the Filipino farmworkers who started the Delano Grape Strike. Legislation was recently passed to recognize Larry Itliong Day in California. \u003ccite>(Farmworker Movement Documentation Project/UC San Diego Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In many ways, Filipino farmworkers and labor organizers had prepared for the Delano Grape Strike for decades. Dawn Mabalon, professor of history at San Francisco State University, says they’d been fighting for better working conditions since the 1920s, and had a key win in 1939 in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Five to seven thousand Filipinos in asparagus fields all walk out at the height of the season, on Good Friday,” threatening the availability of asparagus on Easter dinner tables, Mabalon says. “Growers capitulated in a day. So Filipinos know that if they all walk out, in absolute unity, with absolute militancy, they’re probably going to win.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the ’60s, though, conditions for farmworkers across the state were still dismal. Mabalon describes conducting oral histories in which she heard stories of field crews sharing just one tin cup of water. “You still had no bathrooms in the fields, poor wages, no workers' comp, no unemployment, no Social Security,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, in the summer of 1965, when growers cut the pay of Filipinos picking grapes in the Coachella Valley, they were prepared to act. These workers, members of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, were “led by this really charismatic, seasoned, militant labor leader, Larry Itliong,” Mabalon says, “and they make a stand against the farmers in Coachella and they win: $1.40 an hour.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Xotg4AWAehe1ZfO0noGLK1OdPcrHAvPQ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they migrated north to Delano, organizers like Itliong, Philip Vera Cruz and Pete Velasco urged local families to join them in asking for improved conditions (the same raise to $1.40 an hour). Growers balked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retired journalist Alex Edillor was only 11 years old, but he remembers his farmworker parents coming back from heated meetings, and talking about a potential strike over the kitchen table. “There were people with mortgages, with families to feed, considering a strike action,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10667730\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10667730\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ManongPlaque-800x581.jpg\" alt=\"At the Agbayani Village, a retirement home built for the Manongs, Roger Gadiano stands next to a plaque honoring the Manong Filipino workers who started the 1965 grape strike.\" width=\"800\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ManongPlaque-800x581.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ManongPlaque-400x290.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ManongPlaque-1440x1046.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ManongPlaque.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ManongPlaque-1180x857.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ManongPlaque-960x697.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the Agbayani Village, a retirement home built for the Manongs, Roger Gadiano stands next to a plaque honoring the Manong Filipino workers who started the 1965 grape strike. \u003ccite>(Henry A. Barrios/FERN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the evening of Sept. 7, workers gathered at Filipino Hall and voted to strike. The next morning they went out to the vineyards, as they always did, but made a dramatic stand. Edillor remembers: \u003ci>“\u003c/i>It was the first day of school, I was all prepared to come home, watch a little TV,” but when he came home, his parents were there. Like the Manongs, and other locals, they’d worked a full day, then left the harvested crop on the ground and walked off the vineyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gadiano, who had family members join the strike, adds, “Just imagine over 1,500 old Filipino men at different labor camps, different vineyards, all walking out at same time. How awesome is that!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Gadiano’s first day of his senior year of high school. He remembers walking into his Spanish II class, and being approached by a grower’s son. “‘Hey Rog, your Uncle Max just went on strike.’ I went, ‘He did? They just want a raise.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers got kicked out of labor camps. Gadiano says, “The farmers were going to use the Mexicans to break the strike.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez and others, like Dolores Huerta and Gil Padilla, had been organizing Mexican workers around Delano for a few years through the National Farm Workers Association, but a strike wasn’t in their immediate plans. So Larry Itliong appealed to Chavez, and two weeks later, the much more sizable group of Mexican workers joined the strike. Soon, the two unions came together to form what would become United Farm Workers, with Larry Itliong assistant director under Chavez. It was a historic interracial union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10667734\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10667734\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/PicketCigar-800x522.jpg\" alt=\"A picketing Filipino farmworker in 1965.\" width=\"800\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/PicketCigar.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/PicketCigar-400x261.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A picketing Filipino farmworker in 1965. \u003ccite>(Farmworker Movement Documentation Project/UC San Diego Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These two groups that had been kept apart for so long, coming together, that is the power in the Delano Grape Strike,” says historian Mabalon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexicans and Filipinos gathered at Filipino Hall, eating fishhead soup and preparing strikers’ meals, organizing, even sleeping there. Gadiano passed by every day on his way to high school and saw the steps filled with picket signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’d eat breakfast and pick up their signs and go to a field location and picket,” he remembers. It took five years of striking, plus an international boycott of table grapes, before growers signed contracts with the United Farm Workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those years weren’t easy on strikers, families or Delano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gadiano shows me around the grocery store his dad once owned. As the only supplier of Filipino goods in the region, it was popular with townspeople and labor camps, where the family delivered fish, meat and other goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A common order was a 100-pound sack of Calrose rice, sticky rice,” Gadiano remembers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10667737\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10667737\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ExaminingGrapes-800x675.jpg\" alt=\"Under a shade from the hot August sun, Josefina Zarate packs grapes in a vineyard southeast of Delano. Grapes are still a top commodity in Kern County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ExaminingGrapes-800x675.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ExaminingGrapes-400x338.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ExaminingGrapes-1440x1216.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ExaminingGrapes.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ExaminingGrapes-1180x996.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ExaminingGrapes-960x811.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Under a shade from the hot August sun, Josefina Zarate packs grapes in a vineyard southeast of Delano. Grapes are still a top commodity in Kern County. \u003ccite>(Henry A. Barrios/FERN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His dad also helped out families of striking workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were giving them credit to pay us back when work started. We carried hundreds of families. We were stuck in the middle because we had the store.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many families were like Alex Edillor’s: his parents walked off the fields initially, but after a few weeks they felt they had to return to work. He remembers the tension, even in places like church.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was kind of split down the middle of the church: This is where the strikers went, this is where the people who went back to work went,” he says. “There was a strange division among us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, though, people who sat on either side of the aisle join in wanting to share this history. “We came back together because, looking back on it, we were very proud of that moment,\" Edillor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mabalon says, growing up not knowing this history, she and her peers feel the hurt of a generation. “It’s our story, and it demands our love and attention and respect, and we need to tell this story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10667732\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10667732\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/GirlsMural-800x585.jpg\" alt=\"Angelica Perez, Melanie Retuda and Larissa Portillo (L-R) in front of a recently-completed mural in downtown Delano featuring Philip Vera Cruz, Cesar Chavez and Larry Itliong.\" width=\"800\" height=\"585\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/GirlsMural-800x585.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/GirlsMural-400x292.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/GirlsMural-1440x1052.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/GirlsMural.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/GirlsMural-1180x862.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/GirlsMural-960x702.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anhelica Perez, Melanie Retuda and Larissa Portillo (L-R) in front of a recently completed mural in downtown Delano featuring Philip Vera Cruz, Cesar Chavez and Larry Itliong. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s happening more and more. Mabalon is writing a biography of Larry Itliong; Edillor and Gadiano have organized a \u003ca href=\"https://roundtown.com/event/10151147/Bold-Step-Celebration-the-50th-Anniversary-the-Delano-Grape-Strike-Delano-CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">celebration\u003c/a> in Delano over Labor Day weekend; and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.delanomanongs.com/\">documentary\u003c/a> on the Manongs came out last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, California Gov. Jerry Brown signed two pieces of legislation, one recognizing \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org/articles/2015/07/06/california-to-recognize-filipino-american-larry-itliong-on-oct-25\">Larry Itliong Day\u003c/a>, the other \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB123\">requiring public schools\u003c/a> to teach this history. Rob Bonta, the state’s only Filipino-American Assembly member, introduced those bills. Although his parents were farm labor organizers and he grew up in UFW headquarters, he says, “When I cracked the history books in high school and college, I didn’t see those stories being told.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Delano, Gadiano ends a tour of the town at one last, ordinary place: Larry Itliong’s simple gravesite. The headstone says only, “Beloved husband and father.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He gave our people some dignity,\" Gadiano says. \"He gave his guts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiafoodways.com/\">California Foodways,\u003c/a> in collaboration with the\u003ca href=\"http://thefern.org/\"> Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, investigative news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Music by Susie Ibarra and Los Lobos.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Today, grapes in the grocery store don’t seem that controversial. But 50 years ago, a historic strike in California’s Central Valley vineyards set in motion the most significant campaign in modern labor history: the farmworker movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ufw.org/\">United Farm Workers\u003c/a> and Cesar Chavez are widely known for running the Delano Grape Strike and prompting an international boycott of table grapes, the origins of that movement are rarely discussed. Some people in the town of Delano and across the state are determined to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/222406205&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/222406205'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be easy to drive through Delano and have no idea that history was made here. It’s a dry, hot Central Valley town, and places of historical importance -- such as a retirement home, a church, and acres and acres of farmland -- look ordinary on the outside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10667541\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10667541\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/StrikingWorkersPicket-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"Filipino farmworkers were the first to walk out of vineyards in 1965, prompting the Delano Grape Strike and, ultimately, the formation of the United Farm Workers along with Mexican farmworkers led by Cesar Chavez.\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/StrikingWorkersPicket-800x532.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/StrikingWorkersPicket-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/StrikingWorkersPicket-1440x958.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/StrikingWorkersPicket.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/StrikingWorkersPicket-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/StrikingWorkersPicket-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Filipino farmworkers were the first to walk out of vineyards in 1965, prompting the Delano Grape Strike and, ultimately, the formation of the United Farm Workers along with Mexican farmworkers led by Cesar Chavez. \u003ccite>(Farmworker Movement Documentation Project/UC San Diego Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>For many people, though, these places are sacred ground: the vineyards, picketed for years by farmworkers and their supporters; the high school auditorium where Sen. Bobby Kennedy spoke; a white stucco building on the edge of town where Cesar Chavez carried out a hunger strike and became a national symbol of farmworker rights; and a utilitarian community center known as Filipino Hall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To resident Roger Gadiano, Filipino Hall is a shrine. “This is our Mecca,” he says. “I guess it’s our Selma. This is it!” Because in this building, on the night of Sept. 7, 1965, farmworkers voted to go on strike the next day. They were almost all Filipino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People don’t know who in the heck walked in here … but I do.” Gadiano says. “It tickles me. We’re a part of a big history. We took a step that was bold and that no one else would take.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of those voting -- and striking -- were elders called Manongs, the mostly migrant, bachelor Filipino farmworkers whose names and stories few people know, even in Delano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10667678\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10667678\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CommunityCenter-800x542.jpg\" alt=\"Alex Edillor was an elementary school student when the 1965 grape strike started. The Filipino Hall became the center of activity as Mexicans joined forces with Filipino grape pickers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"542\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CommunityCenter-800x542.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CommunityCenter-400x271.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CommunityCenter-1440x975.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CommunityCenter.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CommunityCenter-1180x799.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/CommunityCenter-960x650.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alex Edillor was an elementary school student when the 1965 grape strike started. The Filipino Hall became the center of activity as Mexicans joined forces with Filipino grape pickers. \u003ccite>(Henry A. Barrios/FERN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>During Philippine Weekend, a cultural celebration and kind of family reunion, a group of young women say they never learned about the farmworker movement in school. Anhelica Perez says her Latina grandmother and other relatives actually participated in the strike and ensuing boycott, “So it was active family history, but it was not taught -- or talked about -- at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though she’s in her late 20s, Melanie Retuda says she learned about the Filipino origins of the strike only last year. “I’d known of Cesar Chavez and Hispanics being involved,” she says. “Being Filipino, it’s like, ‘Wow.’ Filipinos actually made an impact in the process. It makes me proud that they were involved.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perez is outraged that this history is not known because the actions those Filipinos took improved her family’s lives. “I mean, I’m extremely proud that Cesar Chavez was the right face at the right time, but a lot of the dirty work was already done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10667728\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10667728\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Larry800-800x1010.jpg\" alt=\"Larry Itliong, key organizer of the Filipino farmworkers who started the Delano Grape Strike. Legislation was recently passed to recognize Larry Itliong Day in California.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1010\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Larry800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/Larry800-400x505.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Larry Itliong, key organizer of the Filipino farmworkers who started the Delano Grape Strike. Legislation was recently passed to recognize Larry Itliong Day in California. \u003ccite>(Farmworker Movement Documentation Project/UC San Diego Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In many ways, Filipino farmworkers and labor organizers had prepared for the Delano Grape Strike for decades. Dawn Mabalon, professor of history at San Francisco State University, says they’d been fighting for better working conditions since the 1920s, and had a key win in 1939 in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Five to seven thousand Filipinos in asparagus fields all walk out at the height of the season, on Good Friday,” threatening the availability of asparagus on Easter dinner tables, Mabalon says. “Growers capitulated in a day. So Filipinos know that if they all walk out, in absolute unity, with absolute militancy, they’re probably going to win.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the ’60s, though, conditions for farmworkers across the state were still dismal. Mabalon describes conducting oral histories in which she heard stories of field crews sharing just one tin cup of water. “You still had no bathrooms in the fields, poor wages, no workers' comp, no unemployment, no Social Security,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, in the summer of 1965, when growers cut the pay of Filipinos picking grapes in the Coachella Valley, they were prepared to act. These workers, members of the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, were “led by this really charismatic, seasoned, militant labor leader, Larry Itliong,” Mabalon says, “and they make a stand against the farmers in Coachella and they win: $1.40 an hour.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they migrated north to Delano, organizers like Itliong, Philip Vera Cruz and Pete Velasco urged local families to join them in asking for improved conditions (the same raise to $1.40 an hour). Growers balked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Retired journalist Alex Edillor was only 11 years old, but he remembers his farmworker parents coming back from heated meetings, and talking about a potential strike over the kitchen table. “There were people with mortgages, with families to feed, considering a strike action,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10667730\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10667730\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ManongPlaque-800x581.jpg\" alt=\"At the Agbayani Village, a retirement home built for the Manongs, Roger Gadiano stands next to a plaque honoring the Manong Filipino workers who started the 1965 grape strike.\" width=\"800\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ManongPlaque-800x581.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ManongPlaque-400x290.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ManongPlaque-1440x1046.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ManongPlaque.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ManongPlaque-1180x857.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ManongPlaque-960x697.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At the Agbayani Village, a retirement home built for the Manongs, Roger Gadiano stands next to a plaque honoring the Manong Filipino workers who started the 1965 grape strike. \u003ccite>(Henry A. Barrios/FERN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On the evening of Sept. 7, workers gathered at Filipino Hall and voted to strike. The next morning they went out to the vineyards, as they always did, but made a dramatic stand. Edillor remembers: \u003ci>“\u003c/i>It was the first day of school, I was all prepared to come home, watch a little TV,” but when he came home, his parents were there. Like the Manongs, and other locals, they’d worked a full day, then left the harvested crop on the ground and walked off the vineyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gadiano, who had family members join the strike, adds, “Just imagine over 1,500 old Filipino men at different labor camps, different vineyards, all walking out at same time. How awesome is that!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was Gadiano’s first day of his senior year of high school. He remembers walking into his Spanish II class, and being approached by a grower’s son. “‘Hey Rog, your Uncle Max just went on strike.’ I went, ‘He did? They just want a raise.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Workers got kicked out of labor camps. Gadiano says, “The farmers were going to use the Mexicans to break the strike.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cesar Chavez and others, like Dolores Huerta and Gil Padilla, had been organizing Mexican workers around Delano for a few years through the National Farm Workers Association, but a strike wasn’t in their immediate plans. So Larry Itliong appealed to Chavez, and two weeks later, the much more sizable group of Mexican workers joined the strike. Soon, the two unions came together to form what would become United Farm Workers, with Larry Itliong assistant director under Chavez. It was a historic interracial union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10667734\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10667734\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/PicketCigar-800x522.jpg\" alt=\"A picketing Filipino farmworker in 1965.\" width=\"800\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/PicketCigar.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/PicketCigar-400x261.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A picketing Filipino farmworker in 1965. \u003ccite>(Farmworker Movement Documentation Project/UC San Diego Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“These two groups that had been kept apart for so long, coming together, that is the power in the Delano Grape Strike,” says historian Mabalon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexicans and Filipinos gathered at Filipino Hall, eating fishhead soup and preparing strikers’ meals, organizing, even sleeping there. Gadiano passed by every day on his way to high school and saw the steps filled with picket signs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’d eat breakfast and pick up their signs and go to a field location and picket,” he remembers. It took five years of striking, plus an international boycott of table grapes, before growers signed contracts with the United Farm Workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those years weren’t easy on strikers, families or Delano.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gadiano shows me around the grocery store his dad once owned. As the only supplier of Filipino goods in the region, it was popular with townspeople and labor camps, where the family delivered fish, meat and other goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A common order was a 100-pound sack of Calrose rice, sticky rice,” Gadiano remembers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10667737\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10667737\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ExaminingGrapes-800x675.jpg\" alt=\"Under a shade from the hot August sun, Josefina Zarate packs grapes in a vineyard southeast of Delano. Grapes are still a top commodity in Kern County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"675\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ExaminingGrapes-800x675.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ExaminingGrapes-400x338.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ExaminingGrapes-1440x1216.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ExaminingGrapes.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ExaminingGrapes-1180x996.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/ExaminingGrapes-960x811.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Under a shade from the hot August sun, Josefina Zarate packs grapes in a vineyard southeast of Delano. Grapes are still a top commodity in Kern County. \u003ccite>(Henry A. Barrios/FERN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His dad also helped out families of striking workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were giving them credit to pay us back when work started. We carried hundreds of families. We were stuck in the middle because we had the store.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many families were like Alex Edillor’s: his parents walked off the fields initially, but after a few weeks they felt they had to return to work. He remembers the tension, even in places like church.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was kind of split down the middle of the church: This is where the strikers went, this is where the people who went back to work went,” he says. “There was a strange division among us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, though, people who sat on either side of the aisle join in wanting to share this history. “We came back together because, looking back on it, we were very proud of that moment,\" Edillor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mabalon says, growing up not knowing this history, she and her peers feel the hurt of a generation. “It’s our story, and it demands our love and attention and respect, and we need to tell this story.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10667732\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10667732\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/GirlsMural-800x585.jpg\" alt=\"Angelica Perez, Melanie Retuda and Larissa Portillo (L-R) in front of a recently-completed mural in downtown Delano featuring Philip Vera Cruz, Cesar Chavez and Larry Itliong.\" width=\"800\" height=\"585\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/GirlsMural-800x585.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/GirlsMural-400x292.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/GirlsMural-1440x1052.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/GirlsMural.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/GirlsMural-1180x862.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/09/GirlsMural-960x702.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anhelica Perez, Melanie Retuda and Larissa Portillo (L-R) in front of a recently completed mural in downtown Delano featuring Philip Vera Cruz, Cesar Chavez and Larry Itliong. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s happening more and more. Mabalon is writing a biography of Larry Itliong; Edillor and Gadiano have organized a \u003ca href=\"https://roundtown.com/event/10151147/Bold-Step-Celebration-the-50th-Anniversary-the-Delano-Grape-Strike-Delano-CA\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">celebration\u003c/a> in Delano over Labor Day weekend; and a \u003ca href=\"http://www.delanomanongs.com/\">documentary\u003c/a> on the Manongs came out last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, California Gov. Jerry Brown signed two pieces of legislation, one recognizing \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org/articles/2015/07/06/california-to-recognize-filipino-american-larry-itliong-on-oct-25\">Larry Itliong Day\u003c/a>, the other \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB123\">requiring public schools\u003c/a> to teach this history. Rob Bonta, the state’s only Filipino-American Assembly member, introduced those bills. Although his parents were farm labor organizers and he grew up in UFW headquarters, he says, “When I cracked the history books in high school and college, I didn’t see those stories being told.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Delano, Gadiano ends a tour of the town at one last, ordinary place: Larry Itliong’s simple gravesite. The headstone says only, “Beloved husband and father.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He gave our people some dignity,\" Gadiano says. \"He gave his guts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece was reported for \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiafoodways.com/\">California Foodways,\u003c/a> in collaboration with the\u003ca href=\"http://thefern.org/\"> Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a nonprofit, investigative news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Big Win for Farmworkers in Sexual Harassment Case",
"title": "Big Win for Farmworkers in Sexual Harassment Case",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Just as our series \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/night-shift\">\"Rape on the Night Shift\"\u003c/a> launches this week, there's news related to our earlier project \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/rape-in-the-fields/\" target=\"_blank\">\"Rape in the Fields,\"\u003c/a> which broke ground in exposing sexual harassment and abuse of farmworkers. The federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has \u003ca href=\"http://www1.eeoc.gov//eeoc/newsroom/release/6-24-15c.cfm?renderforprint=1\" target=\"_blank\">announced a $330,000 settlement\u003c/a> in a sexual harassment case involving 10 Latino farmworkers at Zoria Farms, once one of the largest dried fruit processors in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EEOC case alleged that since 2007, at least two supervisors for the Madera-based company would make unwelcome sexual comments, hug and kiss Latina farmworkers, and pressure them for dates or sex. Court filings say that both female and male farmworkers reported the harassment, but the company failed to take immediate action. After Zoria Farms sold the company to Z Foods in 2008, many of the workers were denied jobs at the new operation, and the EEOC charge says that was because of retaliation for complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"KqZcV1GeD3B83e9kaYIYmgiDz2Y3B6IE\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The agricultural industry in particular needs to recognize the susceptibility of its workforce to sexual harassment and make protecting workers a priority,\" says Anna Park, regional attorney for the EEOC in Los Angeles. She's also \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/23/working-alone-at-night-janitors-risk-sexual-violence-rape-on-the-night-shift/\" target=\"_blank\">featured in this week's series \u003c/a> as the lead prosecutor in a class-action lawsuit involving janitors who were sexually harassed and raped in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/2110428/eeoc-v-zoria-farms-signed-consent-decree-2015.txt\" target=\"_blank\">five-year consent decree \u003c/a>signed this week not only provides monetary relief to the 10 farmworkers, but the company also agreed to change its policies and practices should it decide to re-open -- including a centralized tracking system for complaints of discrimination and retaliation. \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/9-2-10.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">Similar agreements\u003c/a> have been reached in EEOC settlements involving the janitorial industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $330,000 settlement is significant, but not as large as other settlements that farmworkers have been paid for sexual harassment. As \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5597646\" target=\"_blank\">we reported\u003c/a> back in 2006, a farmworker who said she was raped at Harris Farms was awarded $1 million in damages and lost wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EEOC filed a case against both Zoria Farms and Z Foods in federal court in Fresno in September 2013. The case against Z Foods is still pending.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Just as our series \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/night-shift\">\"Rape on the Night Shift\"\u003c/a> launches this week, there's news related to our earlier project \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/rape-in-the-fields/\" target=\"_blank\">\"Rape in the Fields,\"\u003c/a> which broke ground in exposing sexual harassment and abuse of farmworkers. The federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission has \u003ca href=\"http://www1.eeoc.gov//eeoc/newsroom/release/6-24-15c.cfm?renderforprint=1\" target=\"_blank\">announced a $330,000 settlement\u003c/a> in a sexual harassment case involving 10 Latino farmworkers at Zoria Farms, once one of the largest dried fruit processors in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EEOC case alleged that since 2007, at least two supervisors for the Madera-based company would make unwelcome sexual comments, hug and kiss Latina farmworkers, and pressure them for dates or sex. Court filings say that both female and male farmworkers reported the harassment, but the company failed to take immediate action. After Zoria Farms sold the company to Z Foods in 2008, many of the workers were denied jobs at the new operation, and the EEOC charge says that was because of retaliation for complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The agricultural industry in particular needs to recognize the susceptibility of its workforce to sexual harassment and make protecting workers a priority,\" says Anna Park, regional attorney for the EEOC in Los Angeles. She's also \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/23/working-alone-at-night-janitors-risk-sexual-violence-rape-on-the-night-shift/\" target=\"_blank\">featured in this week's series \u003c/a> as the lead prosecutor in a class-action lawsuit involving janitors who were sexually harassed and raped in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://s3.documentcloud.org/documents/2110428/eeoc-v-zoria-farms-signed-consent-decree-2015.txt\" target=\"_blank\">five-year consent decree \u003c/a>signed this week not only provides monetary relief to the 10 farmworkers, but the company also agreed to change its policies and practices should it decide to re-open -- including a centralized tracking system for complaints of discrimination and retaliation. \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeoc.gov/eeoc/newsroom/release/9-2-10.cfm\" target=\"_blank\">Similar agreements\u003c/a> have been reached in EEOC settlements involving the janitorial industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $330,000 settlement is significant, but not as large as other settlements that farmworkers have been paid for sexual harassment. As \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=5597646\" target=\"_blank\">we reported\u003c/a> back in 2006, a farmworker who said she was raped at Harris Farms was awarded $1 million in damages and lost wages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EEOC filed a case against both Zoria Farms and Z Foods in federal court in Fresno in September 2013. The case against Z Foods is still pending.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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