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"content": "\u003cp>Over 100 people took to the streets of Berkeley on Saturday morning in solidarity with a global day of action for climate justice. Youth organizers coordinated the event, aligning their demands with a collective of grassroots community campaigns, racial justice networks and global groups focused on climate justice and ecological equity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re here rallying today to show that we have the power … and we’re paying attention,” said Zoe Jonick, a youth activist and organizer with \u003ca href=\"https://350bayarea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">350 Bay Area\u003c/a>. “We’re going to make sure that those in charge are making decisions that will actually do something.” [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Lauren Sanchez, senior climate adviser to Gov. Gavin Newsom\"]‘For Californians who look outside their window during fire season, we’re not doing enough and there’s so much more the state and communities and global leaders need to be doing.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things at COP are not as inclusive as they should be,” Jonick added, referring to the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference. “There’s a lot of exclusion of places in the Global South that don’t have the resources or the vaccines to attend.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.sei.org/perspectives/vaccine-apartheid-threatens-equity-climate-negotiations/\">Global organizations have cited “vaccine apartheid” as a threat to the equity of climate negotiations\u003c/a>, and in September over \u003ca href=\"https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/09/07/citing-vaccine-apartheid-1500-global-groups-urge-delay-un-climate-summit\">1,500 global groups urged for a delay of the summit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s voices that aren’t being heard, that aren’t coming to the table,” said Jonick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marches took place in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/06/1053218525/cop26-glasgow-global-climate-action-protests\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Glasgow, Scotland, where COP26 is now happening, and around the world\u003c/a>. Demonstrators outlined a list of demands in solidarity with \u003ca href=\"https://cop26coalition.org/about/the-coalition/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">COP26 Coalition\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gcclp.org/\">Gulf Coast Center for Law and Policy\u003c/a>, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pPXZMXdw3X-Aa_kUyHyD4uGvRpyhdqXA_9RBJPynBW0/edit#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">toolkit\u003c/a> shared in advance of the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pPXZMXdw3X-Aa_kUyHyD4uGvRpyhdqXA_9RBJPynBW0/edit#\">Berkeley march laid out a more specific set of local demands\u003c/a>, including closing the Richmond Chevron refinery; calling on CalSTRS, the second largest pension fund in the U.S. to divest from fossil fuels; ending development at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704679/there-were-once-more-than-425-shellmounds-in-the-bay-area-where-did-they-go\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Berkeley shellmound\u003c/a> and returning the area to “the care and vision of the Confederated Villages of Lisjan”; and investing in communities disproportionately affected by climate change and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re already starting to see some of the really bigger effects of climate change,” said Aniya Butler, a 15-year-old Oakland activist with \u003ca href=\"https://www.youthvsapocalypse.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Youth Vs. Apocalypse\u003c/a> who came out to help others get involved. [aside postID=\"news_11894453\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Karly Hampshire, a medical student at UCSF who attended the march, the climate is directly related to health. “Climate solutions are health solutions, and the health of every person alive today on the planet will be fundamentally affected by climate change,” she said. “Health institutions need to join together and start taking climate change seriously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the state level, Lauren Sanchez, Gov. Newsom’s senior climate adviser, also sees climate as a multilayered issue. “Truly tackling this crisis means integrating this issue into everything we do: the governor’s entire agenda on health care, on immigration, on education, and so much more,” she said. “We know that climate justice can deliver social and economic justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez told KQED on Wednesday through a recorded message from Glasgow that her top agenda item is “to save the planet from our certain doom.” Sanchez said the state of California brings two important messages to the global stage and world leaders in Scotland: “One is around hope and the other around the urgency of this crisis,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she said she’s been to many of these conferences, this one “feels different,” because of the sense of urgency. Her top concern when it comes to climate change is “the disproportionate impacts that we know this crisis has on low-income Californians and our communities of color that are already suffering from too many environmental and social burdens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking alongside Sanchez from Glasgow, Jared Blumenfeld, the secretary of California’s Environmental Protection Agency echoed the importance of taking action quickly.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">[pullquote size=\"medium\" citation=\"Wade Crowfoot, California's natural resources secretary\"]‘This is an all-hands-on-deck response to a five-alarm fire, and that’s the level of urgency that we’re bringing from California to Scotland.’[/pullquote] \u003c/span>“We’re kind of running out of time,” he said. The governor and the whole state are balancing the immediate emergency response to wildfires and heat waves alongside tackling the root causes of climate change, “and we need to do it really, really quickly,” he said. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/2021/08/09/ar6-wg1-20210809-pr/\">Many of the changes to the climate are unprecedented\u003c/a>, and some changes — like sea-level rise — are irreversible in our lifetime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wade Crowfoot, California’s natural resources secretary, who spoke with KQED just before leaving for Scotland, put it in slightly starker terms: “This is an all-hands-on-deck response to a five-alarm fire, and that’s the level of urgency that we’re bringing from California to Scotland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to maintain hope and we maintain hope through taking action,” he said. From his perspective, he sees that the only option is to understand the threat, and take the level of action that is needed.[aside tag=\"climate-change, cop-26\" label=\"More Related Coverage\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blumenfeld also noted the importance of action at both the local and state levels, referencing what seems to be a glimmer of hope, should the pledges swiftly be converted into policy: “If the promises made actually can be turned into action, we can turn this crisis around,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the promises to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59088498\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">end deforestation\u003c/a>, “for Californians who look outside their window during fire season,” Sanchez said, “we’re not doing enough and there’s so much more the state and communities and global leaders need to be doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Blumenfeld, it’s all about accountability. “These leaders go home, and you never hear about what happens next,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he said, California is unique because \u003ca href=\"https://calepa.ca.gov/climate-action/#icat\">the state is tracking each of the goals\u003c/a>, which allows the public to see what’s happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many other states and countries, “there’s a lot of speeches … but really, what we need is action,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman and Monica Lam contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "'We're Kind of Running Out of Time': Berkeley Joins Global Day of Action for Climate Justice | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Over 100 people took to the streets of Berkeley on Saturday morning in solidarity with a global day of action for climate justice. Youth organizers coordinated the event, aligning their demands with a collective of grassroots community campaigns, racial justice networks and global groups focused on climate justice and ecological equity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re here rallying today to show that we have the power … and we’re paying attention,” said Zoe Jonick, a youth activist and organizer with \u003ca href=\"https://350bayarea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">350 Bay Area\u003c/a>. “We’re going to make sure that those in charge are making decisions that will actually do something.” \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Things at COP are not as inclusive as they should be,” Jonick added, referring to the 2021 United Nations Climate Change Conference. “There’s a lot of exclusion of places in the Global South that don’t have the resources or the vaccines to attend.” \u003ca href=\"https://www.sei.org/perspectives/vaccine-apartheid-threatens-equity-climate-negotiations/\">Global organizations have cited “vaccine apartheid” as a threat to the equity of climate negotiations\u003c/a>, and in September over \u003ca href=\"https://www.commondreams.org/news/2021/09/07/citing-vaccine-apartheid-1500-global-groups-urge-delay-un-climate-summit\">1,500 global groups urged for a delay of the summit\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s voices that aren’t being heard, that aren’t coming to the table,” said Jonick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marches took place in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/06/1053218525/cop26-glasgow-global-climate-action-protests\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Glasgow, Scotland, where COP26 is now happening, and around the world\u003c/a>. Demonstrators outlined a list of demands in solidarity with \u003ca href=\"https://cop26coalition.org/about/the-coalition/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">COP26 Coalition\u003c/a> and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gcclp.org/\">Gulf Coast Center for Law and Policy\u003c/a>, according to one \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pPXZMXdw3X-Aa_kUyHyD4uGvRpyhdqXA_9RBJPynBW0/edit#\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">toolkit\u003c/a> shared in advance of the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pPXZMXdw3X-Aa_kUyHyD4uGvRpyhdqXA_9RBJPynBW0/edit#\">Berkeley march laid out a more specific set of local demands\u003c/a>, including closing the Richmond Chevron refinery; calling on CalSTRS, the second largest pension fund in the U.S. to divest from fossil fuels; ending development at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11704679/there-were-once-more-than-425-shellmounds-in-the-bay-area-where-did-they-go\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Berkeley shellmound\u003c/a> and returning the area to “the care and vision of the Confederated Villages of Lisjan”; and investing in communities disproportionately affected by climate change and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re already starting to see some of the really bigger effects of climate change,” said Aniya Butler, a 15-year-old Oakland activist with \u003ca href=\"https://www.youthvsapocalypse.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Youth Vs. Apocalypse\u003c/a> who came out to help others get involved. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Karly Hampshire, a medical student at UCSF who attended the march, the climate is directly related to health. “Climate solutions are health solutions, and the health of every person alive today on the planet will be fundamentally affected by climate change,” she said. “Health institutions need to join together and start taking climate change seriously.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the state level, Lauren Sanchez, Gov. Newsom’s senior climate adviser, also sees climate as a multilayered issue. “Truly tackling this crisis means integrating this issue into everything we do: the governor’s entire agenda on health care, on immigration, on education, and so much more,” she said. “We know that climate justice can deliver social and economic justice.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez told KQED on Wednesday through a recorded message from Glasgow that her top agenda item is “to save the planet from our certain doom.” Sanchez said the state of California brings two important messages to the global stage and world leaders in Scotland: “One is around hope and the other around the urgency of this crisis,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she said she’s been to many of these conferences, this one “feels different,” because of the sense of urgency. Her top concern when it comes to climate change is “the disproportionate impacts that we know this crisis has on low-income Californians and our communities of color that are already suffering from too many environmental and social burdens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking alongside Sanchez from Glasgow, Jared Blumenfeld, the secretary of California’s Environmental Protection Agency echoed the importance of taking action quickly.\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> \u003c/span>“We’re kind of running out of time,” he said. The governor and the whole state are balancing the immediate emergency response to wildfires and heat waves alongside tackling the root causes of climate change, “and we need to do it really, really quickly,” he said. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipcc.ch/2021/08/09/ar6-wg1-20210809-pr/\">Many of the changes to the climate are unprecedented\u003c/a>, and some changes — like sea-level rise — are irreversible in our lifetime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wade Crowfoot, California’s natural resources secretary, who spoke with KQED just before leaving for Scotland, put it in slightly starker terms: “This is an all-hands-on-deck response to a five-alarm fire, and that’s the level of urgency that we’re bringing from California to Scotland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to maintain hope and we maintain hope through taking action,” he said. From his perspective, he sees that the only option is to understand the threat, and take the level of action that is needed.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blumenfeld also noted the importance of action at both the local and state levels, referencing what seems to be a glimmer of hope, should the pledges swiftly be converted into policy: “If the promises made actually can be turned into action, we can turn this crisis around,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the promises to \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-59088498\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">end deforestation\u003c/a>, “for Californians who look outside their window during fire season,” Sanchez said, “we’re not doing enough and there’s so much more the state and communities and global leaders need to be doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For Blumenfeld, it’s all about accountability. “These leaders go home, and you never hear about what happens next,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he said, California is unique because \u003ca href=\"https://calepa.ca.gov/climate-action/#icat\">the state is tracking each of the goals\u003c/a>, which allows the public to see what’s happening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many other states and countries, “there’s a lot of speeches … but really, what we need is action,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Azul Dahlstrom-Eckman and Monica Lam contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "biden-joins-global-push-to-cut-climate-warming-methane-emissions",
"title": "Biden Joins Global Push to Cut Climate-Warming Methane Emissions",
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"headTitle": "Biden Joins Global Push to Cut Climate-Warming Methane Emissions | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 11:30 a.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration is proposing stricter regulations to reduce leaks of methane from oil and gas industry operations. It comes as world leaders at the U.N. climate meeting in Glasgow, Scotland, are pushing countries to join a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-01/why-the-low-key-methane-pledge-is-a-big-deal-for-the-climate\">global pledge to cut methane\u003c/a>, a climate-warming gas that’s even more potent than carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is the main ingredient in natural gas. But it doesn’t stay in the atmosphere nearly as long as carbon dioxide, the most common human-caused greenhouse gas. That’s why the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/gmi/importance-methane\">Environmental Protection Agency says\u003c/a> reducing methane emissions now “would have a rapid and significant effect” on global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last April, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/28/991635101/congress-votes-to-restore-regulations-on-climate-warming-methane-emissions\">Congress restored Obama-era methane regulations\u003c/a>, but they only apply to new and modified operations. In a major expansion, these new rules also will apply to existing facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“America is back and leading by example in confronting the climate crisis with bold ambition,” said EPA Administrator Michael Regan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His agency estimates the proposed regulations would reduce 41 million tons of methane emissions by 2035, more than the equivalent carbon dioxide emitted from all passenger cars and commercial aircraft in the country in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another agency, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), is issuing a final rule that expands federal oversight of more natural gas pipelines. For the first time, more than 425,000 miles of “gathering pipelines” that move gas from production sites to interstate pipelines will be regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After years in development, these new regulations represent a major step to enhance and modernize pipeline safety and environmental standards,” said U.S. Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior administration official says that next year PHMSA also will propose a safety rule to regulate methane leaks from 2.3 million miles of distribution pipelines in cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The oil industry is split on strict methane regulation\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The oil, gas and coal industries are the \u003ca href=\"https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4799\">largest source of human-caused methane emissions\u003c/a>. A study from organizations including the Environmental Defense Fund found that \u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abf9c8/pdf\">cutting methane emissions now could slow the near-term rate of global warming by as much as 30%\u003c/a>.[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"climate-change\"]But the industry is split on whether there should be more government regulations. Big oil companies are generally supportive of more rules, while smaller ones typically oppose them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large companies are heavily invested in natural gas. They worry that if methane emissions aren’t controlled, that could undermine arguments that gas is cleaner-burning than coal for generating electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BP says it “applauds the EPA for proposing new rules aimed at reducing methane emissions.” In a statement, BP America Chair and President David Lawler says the company “supports the direct federal regulation of methane emissions from new and existing sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But smaller drillers worry the new rules will make it harder for them to stay in business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The methane regulations proposed today by EPA will likely result in significant new costs associated with compliance,” says Anne Bradbury, CEO of the American Exploration and Production Council. Hinting at a possible legal challenge, Bradbury says her group will work with the EPA to craft regulations that “are cost-effective and workable” and “can withstand legal scrutiny.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpr.org/2021/11/01/colorado-oil-and-gas-methane-emissions-testing/\">Colorado was the first state to regulate methane\u003c/a> produced by the oil and gas industry. Since then, the state has found — based on reports from oil and gas companies — that methane emissions have increased more slowly than oil production. But in Boston, a new study using a different method finds that \u003ca href=\"https://www.wgbh.org/news/local-news/2021/10/25/emissions-of-climate-changing-methane-are-6-times-higher-in-boston-than-state-estimates-study-finds\">methane leaks along smaller distribution lines are six times higher than state estimates\u003c/a>. The study authors indicate \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/118/44/e2105804118\">methane leaks in other cities may also be higher\u003c/a> than what the EPA has estimated.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Methane is getting more attention globally\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Carbon dioxide gets most of the attention when it comes to greenhouse gases, but lately there’s been an increasing focus on methane. In May, \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/global-assessment-urgent-steps-must-be-taken-reduce-methane\">a U.N. report urged immediate cuts in methane\u003c/a>, calling it “the strongest lever we have to slow climate change over the next 25 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As President Biden seeks to pass budget legislation to support his climate change plans, Democrats have drafted several forms of a methane fee. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/democrats-float-new-methane-fee-spending-bill-2021-10-29/\">details are still being worked out in Congress\u003c/a>, but essentially the fee would charge oil and gas companies for releasing certain amounts of methane and potentially pay them to monitor and reduce emissions. Past methane-fee proposals have faced opposition from the oil industry and even Democrats in fossil fuel states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Glasgow, the U.S. and the European Union are leading an effort for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/09/18/joint-us-eu-press-release-on-the-global-methane-pledge/\">Global Methane Pledge\u003c/a>. Countries that sign it commit to collectively reduce global methane emissions by at least 30% by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one of the most potent greenhouse gases there is,” said Biden as he addressed the U.N. climate meeting Tuesday. “It amounts to about half — half the warming we’re experiencing today — just methane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House says meeting that goal would reduce warming by at least 0.2 degrees Celsius (0.36 degrees Fahrenheit).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 countries have signed the pledge so far. Notably absent are some of the world’s largest methane emitters, including China, India and Russia. Biden didn’t mention those countries specifically, but he did encourage more countries to sign on to the pledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For too long this potent super-pollutant has fallen off the agenda at major climate summits while its emissions have risen to all-time highs,” said Sarah Smith of the Clean Air Task Force. She said this risks “pushing our planet closer to potentially irreversible tipping points.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the EPA announced today is just a proposed regulation. Now the agency will collect comments, with final rules expected by the end of 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+joins+global+push+to+cut+climate-warming+methane+emissions&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The expanded rules proposed by Biden would apply not only to new oil and gas operations but also older ones. Limiting the emissions of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, is considered key to slowing global warming.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 11:30 a.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration is proposing stricter regulations to reduce leaks of methane from oil and gas industry operations. It comes as world leaders at the U.N. climate meeting in Glasgow, Scotland, are pushing countries to join a \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2021-11-01/why-the-low-key-methane-pledge-is-a-big-deal-for-the-climate\">global pledge to cut methane\u003c/a>, a climate-warming gas that’s even more potent than carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Methane is the main ingredient in natural gas. But it doesn’t stay in the atmosphere nearly as long as carbon dioxide, the most common human-caused greenhouse gas. That’s why the \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/gmi/importance-methane\">Environmental Protection Agency says\u003c/a> reducing methane emissions now “would have a rapid and significant effect” on global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last April, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/04/28/991635101/congress-votes-to-restore-regulations-on-climate-warming-methane-emissions\">Congress restored Obama-era methane regulations\u003c/a>, but they only apply to new and modified operations. In a major expansion, these new rules also will apply to existing facilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“America is back and leading by example in confronting the climate crisis with bold ambition,” said EPA Administrator Michael Regan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His agency estimates the proposed regulations would reduce 41 million tons of methane emissions by 2035, more than the equivalent carbon dioxide emitted from all passenger cars and commercial aircraft in the country in 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another agency, the Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), is issuing a final rule that expands federal oversight of more natural gas pipelines. For the first time, more than 425,000 miles of “gathering pipelines” that move gas from production sites to interstate pipelines will be regulated by the U.S. Department of Transportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After years in development, these new regulations represent a major step to enhance and modernize pipeline safety and environmental standards,” said U.S. Transportation Secretary Pete Buttigieg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior administration official says that next year PHMSA also will propose a safety rule to regulate methane leaks from 2.3 million miles of distribution pipelines in cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The oil industry is split on strict methane regulation\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The oil, gas and coal industries are the \u003ca href=\"https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/4799\">largest source of human-caused methane emissions\u003c/a>. A study from organizations including the Environmental Defense Fund found that \u003ca href=\"https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/abf9c8/pdf\">cutting methane emissions now could slow the near-term rate of global warming by as much as 30%\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But the industry is split on whether there should be more government regulations. Big oil companies are generally supportive of more rules, while smaller ones typically oppose them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The large companies are heavily invested in natural gas. They worry that if methane emissions aren’t controlled, that could undermine arguments that gas is cleaner-burning than coal for generating electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>BP says it “applauds the EPA for proposing new rules aimed at reducing methane emissions.” In a statement, BP America Chair and President David Lawler says the company “supports the direct federal regulation of methane emissions from new and existing sources.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But smaller drillers worry the new rules will make it harder for them to stay in business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The methane regulations proposed today by EPA will likely result in significant new costs associated with compliance,” says Anne Bradbury, CEO of the American Exploration and Production Council. Hinting at a possible legal challenge, Bradbury says her group will work with the EPA to craft regulations that “are cost-effective and workable” and “can withstand legal scrutiny.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpr.org/2021/11/01/colorado-oil-and-gas-methane-emissions-testing/\">Colorado was the first state to regulate methane\u003c/a> produced by the oil and gas industry. Since then, the state has found — based on reports from oil and gas companies — that methane emissions have increased more slowly than oil production. But in Boston, a new study using a different method finds that \u003ca href=\"https://www.wgbh.org/news/local-news/2021/10/25/emissions-of-climate-changing-methane-are-6-times-higher-in-boston-than-state-estimates-study-finds\">methane leaks along smaller distribution lines are six times higher than state estimates\u003c/a>. The study authors indicate \u003ca href=\"https://www.pnas.org/content/118/44/e2105804118\">methane leaks in other cities may also be higher\u003c/a> than what the EPA has estimated.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Methane is getting more attention globally\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Carbon dioxide gets most of the attention when it comes to greenhouse gases, but lately there’s been an increasing focus on methane. In May, \u003ca href=\"https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/global-assessment-urgent-steps-must-be-taken-reduce-methane\">a U.N. report urged immediate cuts in methane\u003c/a>, calling it “the strongest lever we have to slow climate change over the next 25 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As President Biden seeks to pass budget legislation to support his climate change plans, Democrats have drafted several forms of a methane fee. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/world/us/democrats-float-new-methane-fee-spending-bill-2021-10-29/\">details are still being worked out in Congress\u003c/a>, but essentially the fee would charge oil and gas companies for releasing certain amounts of methane and potentially pay them to monitor and reduce emissions. Past methane-fee proposals have faced opposition from the oil industry and even Democrats in fossil fuel states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Glasgow, the U.S. and the European Union are leading an effort for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/09/18/joint-us-eu-press-release-on-the-global-methane-pledge/\">Global Methane Pledge\u003c/a>. Countries that sign it commit to collectively reduce global methane emissions by at least 30% by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one of the most potent greenhouse gases there is,” said Biden as he addressed the U.N. climate meeting Tuesday. “It amounts to about half — half the warming we’re experiencing today — just methane.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House says meeting that goal would reduce warming by at least 0.2 degrees Celsius (0.36 degrees Fahrenheit).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 100 countries have signed the pledge so far. Notably absent are some of the world’s largest methane emitters, including China, India and Russia. Biden didn’t mention those countries specifically, but he did encourage more countries to sign on to the pledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For too long this potent super-pollutant has fallen off the agenda at major climate summits while its emissions have risen to all-time highs,” said Sarah Smith of the Clean Air Task Force. She said this risks “pushing our planet closer to potentially irreversible tipping points.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the EPA announced today is just a proposed regulation. Now the agency will collect comments, with final rules expected by the end of 2022.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+joins+global+push+to+cut+climate-warming+methane+emissions&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "At Glasgow, Biden Unveils Financing Plan to Help the World Adapt to Climate Change",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cem>Updated 9:23 a.m. Monday\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>President Biden pledged sharp cutbacks in U.S. carbon emissions on Monday, telling delegates to the U.N. climate summit in Glasgow, Scotland, that “there’s no more time to hang back or sit on the fence or argue among ourselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden reiterated that the U.S. will reduce carbon emissions by 50%-52% below 2005 levels by 2030. The action, he said, “will demonstrate to the world,” that the U.S. is “not only back at the table” but will “hopefully lead by the power of our example.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know it hasn’t been the case,” Biden said pointedly, adding that his administration “is working overtime to show that our climate commitment is action, not words.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden told delegates at the COP26 summit that the U.S. will also seek to become a “net-zero-emissions economy” by no later than 2050. “We want to do more to help countries around the world, especially developing countries, accelerate their clean energy transition, address pollution and ensure the world we all must share a cleaner, safer, [healthier] planet,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden touted his \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/1047975012\">legislative proposals, still awaiting passage by his fellow Democrats in Congress, that would allocate more than $500 billion to addressing climate change\u003c/a>, which he called “the most significant investment to deal with the climate crisis that any advanced nation has made. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden concluded his 11-minute speech with a twist on his usual closing sentiments, saying, “God bless you all, and may God save the planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>There’s a lot more work ahead\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While Biden cast the summit as a historic inflection point, his top national security adviser, Jake Sullivan, had a more pragmatic take, saying that Glasgow was only a starting point to reach climate goals. “We’re going to have to come back in ’22, ’23, ’24, ’25, ’26, ’27, ’28, ’29, and ’30 to ultimately be able to achieve what’s necessary to achieve,” he told reporters traveling to Scotland with Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s national climate adviser Gina McCarthy earlier said that the carbon-reduction plan “illustrates how, within three decades, the U.S. can meet our global climate commitments by decarbonizing the power sector, electrifying transportation and buildings, transforming industry, reducing non-CO2 emissions and reinvigorating our natural lands,” she said.[aside postID=news_11894391,news_11894453,news_11894513 label='Related Posts']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden also plans to launch a new program to help countries with emerging economices adapt to climate change that he hopes will provide $3 billion in financing per year by fiscal year 2024, the White House said. The program, known by the acronym PREPARE, for the President’s Emergency Plan for Adaptation and Resilience, will need the approval of Congress. There also will be new commitments from private sector companies to help with finance, said John Kerry, Biden’s special envoy for climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden told reporters on Sunday that the United States would be able to meet its climate goals even though a key measure was cut from his sweeping spending package of climate incentives and social safety net programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That package, combined with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/24/1009923468/heres-whats-included-in-the-infrastructure-deal-that-biden-struck-with-senators\">an infrastructure bill that has been passed by the Senate\u003c/a>, together contain $900 billion in climate and resilience measures, he said. Democrats, who hold a narrow majority in the U.S. Congress, have not yet agreed to the size and scope of the package, though Biden said he was confident they would vote on it in the coming days.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Still to come during this year’s summit\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The summit, known as COP26, lasts for two weeks. Biden is in Glasgow for two days, meeting with leaders to press them to take bigger steps to cut their emissions. Over the next two weeks, more than 10 of his Cabinet secretaries and agency heads will be at the summit, as will more than 50 members of Congress, Kerry said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerry said the United States plans to work with a number of countries to help them reach targets — for example:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Saudi Arabia, on a clean hydrogen initiative to boost the use of renewables for power\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Indonesia, in an alliance to reduce the rate of deforestation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>India, in a partnership to deploy more renewable power\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Kerry said that countries representing 65% of global GDP have signed on to the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously, if you have 65% in, you got 35% out, and that’s the challenge coming out of Glasgow,” he said. “Can those countries step up? How fast will they step up? What will they pledge to do over the course of the next years?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+announces+plan+in+Glasgow+to+help+poorer+countries+with+climate+change&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cem>Updated 9:23 a.m. Monday\u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\u003cdiv>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>President Biden pledged sharp cutbacks in U.S. carbon emissions on Monday, telling delegates to the U.N. climate summit in Glasgow, Scotland, that “there’s no more time to hang back or sit on the fence or argue among ourselves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden reiterated that the U.S. will reduce carbon emissions by 50%-52% below 2005 levels by 2030. The action, he said, “will demonstrate to the world,” that the U.S. is “not only back at the table” but will “hopefully lead by the power of our example.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I know it hasn’t been the case,” Biden said pointedly, adding that his administration “is working overtime to show that our climate commitment is action, not words.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden told delegates at the COP26 summit that the U.S. will also seek to become a “net-zero-emissions economy” by no later than 2050. “We want to do more to help countries around the world, especially developing countries, accelerate their clean energy transition, address pollution and ensure the world we all must share a cleaner, safer, [healthier] planet,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden touted his \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/1047975012\">legislative proposals, still awaiting passage by his fellow Democrats in Congress, that would allocate more than $500 billion to addressing climate change\u003c/a>, which he called “the most significant investment to deal with the climate crisis that any advanced nation has made. Ever.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden concluded his 11-minute speech with a twist on his usual closing sentiments, saying, “God bless you all, and may God save the planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>There’s a lot more work ahead\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While Biden cast the summit as a historic inflection point, his top national security adviser, Jake Sullivan, had a more pragmatic take, saying that Glasgow was only a starting point to reach climate goals. “We’re going to have to come back in ’22, ’23, ’24, ’25, ’26, ’27, ’28, ’29, and ’30 to ultimately be able to achieve what’s necessary to achieve,” he told reporters traveling to Scotland with Biden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden’s national climate adviser Gina McCarthy earlier said that the carbon-reduction plan “illustrates how, within three decades, the U.S. can meet our global climate commitments by decarbonizing the power sector, electrifying transportation and buildings, transforming industry, reducing non-CO2 emissions and reinvigorating our natural lands,” she said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden also plans to launch a new program to help countries with emerging economices adapt to climate change that he hopes will provide $3 billion in financing per year by fiscal year 2024, the White House said. The program, known by the acronym PREPARE, for the President’s Emergency Plan for Adaptation and Resilience, will need the approval of Congress. There also will be new commitments from private sector companies to help with finance, said John Kerry, Biden’s special envoy for climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden told reporters on Sunday that the United States would be able to meet its climate goals even though a key measure was cut from his sweeping spending package of climate incentives and social safety net programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That package, combined with \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/06/24/1009923468/heres-whats-included-in-the-infrastructure-deal-that-biden-struck-with-senators\">an infrastructure bill that has been passed by the Senate\u003c/a>, together contain $900 billion in climate and resilience measures, he said. Democrats, who hold a narrow majority in the U.S. Congress, have not yet agreed to the size and scope of the package, though Biden said he was confident they would vote on it in the coming days.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Still to come during this year’s summit\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The summit, known as COP26, lasts for two weeks. Biden is in Glasgow for two days, meeting with leaders to press them to take bigger steps to cut their emissions. Over the next two weeks, more than 10 of his Cabinet secretaries and agency heads will be at the summit, as will more than 50 members of Congress, Kerry said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kerry said the United States plans to work with a number of countries to help them reach targets — for example:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Saudi Arabia, on a clean hydrogen initiative to boost the use of renewables for power\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Indonesia, in an alliance to reduce the rate of deforestation\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>India, in a partnership to deploy more renewable power\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Kerry said that countries representing 65% of global GDP have signed on to the goal of limiting global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (2.7 degrees Fahrenheit).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously, if you have 65% in, you got 35% out, and that’s the challenge coming out of Glasgow,” he said. “Can those countries step up? How fast will they step up? What will they pledge to do over the course of the next years?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2021 NPR. To see more, visit npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Biden+announces+plan+in+Glasgow+to+help+poorer+countries+with+climate+change&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "gov-newsom-abruptly-cancels-trip-to-un-climate-conference",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom on Friday abruptly canceled his trip to the United Nations Climate Change Conference, just two days before it begins, forgoing a much-anticipated chance to appear on an international stage devoted to one of his signature issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, who has four children ages 5 to 12, won’t go because of “family obligations,” his spokesperson Erin Mellon said without elaborating. Instead, Newsom will participate virtually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lt. Gov. Eleni Kounalakis, a fellow Democrat, will lead California’s delegation to Glasgow, Scotland, in Newsom’s place. In an interview with The Associated Press, Kounalakis said she spoke to Newsom on Thursday and had a sense she might be asked to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The governor has a young family and we should all be understanding, especially those of us who have been there,” said Kounalakis, who has two grown sons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has long been a global leader on climate issues, dating back to the 1970s when the federal government gave the state permission to set its own, tougher, emission standards for cars and trucks. While President Donald Trump was in office, California filed more than 100 lawsuits against the federal government, mostly over environmental issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom has sought to extend California’s influence further through a series of ambitious executive orders, that should they survive a lengthy and contentious rule-making process, could fundamentally change how people live. So far, Newsom has proposed a bans on the sale of all new \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/technology-gavin-newsom-california-4956d87b72b000a917eed27392d16d8b\">gas-powered cars\u003c/a> in California by 2035, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-government-and-politics-california-238524dd70f11e3754858197b8efeeb3\">all oil drilling \u003c/a>by 2045, and the sale of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-gavin-newsom-california-pollution-environment-and-nature-a0110d773785d920558134c0009ba694\">gas-powered lawn equipment\u003c/a> by 2024 or whenever state regulators determine that is feasible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"gavin-newsom\"]Most recently, Newsom proposed a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-business-environment-and-nature-california-environment-bb336e5c302811249b97c17431b325f4\">ban on new oil and gas drilling\u003c/a> within 3,200 feet of schools, homes and hospitals in what would be the largest buffer zone in the U.S. in a state that is the country’s seventh-largest oil producer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom easily defeated a Republican-backed recall election last month that sought to remove him from office, solidifying his power in the nation’s most populous state. Newsom’s trip to Scotland would have been his most significant international trip as governor so far, providing him a global platform to highlight his agenda while pushing world leaders to do the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coming off after beating the recall, he’s got a buzz and of course he’s going to move on from governor to something else [someday]. It is a missed opportunity, so of course you have to think it’s something serious with his family,” said Shaun Bowler, a UC Riverside political science professor. “That’s what these events do, they give you good press at home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom is up for reelection in 2022 and is a heavy favorite to remain in office for a second term. Under California law, governors are limited to two terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom had only recently decided to attend the conference, which starts Sunday, sending staff, media organizations and other lawmakers scrambling to prepare for the trip without much notice. His decision not to go was equally abrupt and more surprising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think we want to read something into it,” said state Senate Majority Leader Bob Hertzberg, D-Van Nuys, who is attending the conference. “My sense is the person who’s probably most disappointed that he’s not going is Gavin Newsom, because I don’t think I’ve ever walked into his office without him talking about climate change. He loves this issue, he cares about it a lot. It’s a big deal to him, and I’m sure he desperately wanted to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hertzberg credited Newsom for putting his children first, while noting that the governor’s plan to attend virtually has become far more common since it became all but standard during the worst of the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor will it be too costly politically, Hertzberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe he might miss some photo ops that might be happening,” he said. “The fact that he’s there or not there doesn’t impact California’s importance in this discussion on the one hand, and certainly doesn’t impact the political aspects in California, where he has to get reelected in the primary and the general [election].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At some point, as much as we want to be out there in politics, you’re a human being. You’ve got to take care of your family,” Hertzberg said. And he’s doing it, and I think that’s a good thing.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom on Friday abruptly canceled his trip to the United Nations Climate Change Conference, just two days before it begins, forgoing a much-anticipated chance to appear on an international stage devoted to one of his signature issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, who has four children ages 5 to 12, won’t go because of “family obligations,” his spokesperson Erin Mellon said without elaborating. Instead, Newsom will participate virtually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lt. Gov. Eleni Kounalakis, a fellow Democrat, will lead California’s delegation to Glasgow, Scotland, in Newsom’s place. In an interview with The Associated Press, Kounalakis said she spoke to Newsom on Thursday and had a sense she might be asked to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The governor has a young family and we should all be understanding, especially those of us who have been there,” said Kounalakis, who has two grown sons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has long been a global leader on climate issues, dating back to the 1970s when the federal government gave the state permission to set its own, tougher, emission standards for cars and trucks. While President Donald Trump was in office, California filed more than 100 lawsuits against the federal government, mostly over environmental issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom has sought to extend California’s influence further through a series of ambitious executive orders, that should they survive a lengthy and contentious rule-making process, could fundamentally change how people live. So far, Newsom has proposed a bans on the sale of all new \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/technology-gavin-newsom-california-4956d87b72b000a917eed27392d16d8b\">gas-powered cars\u003c/a> in California by 2035, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-government-and-politics-california-238524dd70f11e3754858197b8efeeb3\">all oil drilling \u003c/a>by 2045, and the sale of \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-gavin-newsom-california-pollution-environment-and-nature-a0110d773785d920558134c0009ba694\">gas-powered lawn equipment\u003c/a> by 2024 or whenever state regulators determine that is feasible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Most recently, Newsom proposed a \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-business-environment-and-nature-california-environment-bb336e5c302811249b97c17431b325f4\">ban on new oil and gas drilling\u003c/a> within 3,200 feet of schools, homes and hospitals in what would be the largest buffer zone in the U.S. in a state that is the country’s seventh-largest oil producer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom easily defeated a Republican-backed recall election last month that sought to remove him from office, solidifying his power in the nation’s most populous state. Newsom’s trip to Scotland would have been his most significant international trip as governor so far, providing him a global platform to highlight his agenda while pushing world leaders to do the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coming off after beating the recall, he’s got a buzz and of course he’s going to move on from governor to something else [someday]. It is a missed opportunity, so of course you have to think it’s something serious with his family,” said Shaun Bowler, a UC Riverside political science professor. “That’s what these events do, they give you good press at home.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom is up for reelection in 2022 and is a heavy favorite to remain in office for a second term. Under California law, governors are limited to two terms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom had only recently decided to attend the conference, which starts Sunday, sending staff, media organizations and other lawmakers scrambling to prepare for the trip without much notice. His decision not to go was equally abrupt and more surprising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think we want to read something into it,” said state Senate Majority Leader Bob Hertzberg, D-Van Nuys, who is attending the conference. “My sense is the person who’s probably most disappointed that he’s not going is Gavin Newsom, because I don’t think I’ve ever walked into his office without him talking about climate change. He loves this issue, he cares about it a lot. It’s a big deal to him, and I’m sure he desperately wanted to go.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hertzberg credited Newsom for putting his children first, while noting that the governor’s plan to attend virtually has become far more common since it became all but standard during the worst of the coronavirus pandemic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nor will it be too costly politically, Hertzberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe he might miss some photo ops that might be happening,” he said. “The fact that he’s there or not there doesn’t impact California’s importance in this discussion on the one hand, and certainly doesn’t impact the political aspects in California, where he has to get reelected in the primary and the general [election].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“At some point, as much as we want to be out there in politics, you’re a human being. You’ve got to take care of your family,” Hertzberg said. And he’s doing it, and I think that’s a good thing.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Satellites Are Becoming a Part of California's Water Conservation Strategy",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a new push to stop further depletion of California’s shrinking aquifers, state regulators are turning to technology once used to count Soviet missile silos during the Cold War: satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Joel Kimmelshue, co-founder of Land IQ\"]‘The days of agricultural anonymity are over.’[/pullquote]Historically, California’s farmers could pump as much as they wanted from their wells. But as a consequence of that unrestricted use, the underground water table has sunk by hundreds of feet in some areas, and the state is now trying to stabilize those aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators need to calculate just how much water each farmer is using across California’s vast agricultural lands, and scientists and private companies are now offering a technique that uses images from orbiting satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The days of agricultural anonymity are over,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.landiq.com/joel-kimmelshue\">Joel Kimmelshue\u003c/a>, co-founder of the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.landiq.com/\">Land IQ\u003c/a>, which is helping to hone the technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water surveillance got a big boost when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11891246/california-farmers-are-storing-water-in-underground-aquifers-that-function-like-savings-accounts\">California passed a law in 2014 that aims to protect the state’s aquifers\u003c/a>. It places limits on the amount of water that farmers are allowed to pump.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nThere was a big problem: Local officials like Eric Limas weren’t sure how to enforce limits on water use. Limas is general manager of the Lower Tule River and Pixley irrigation districts, in Tulare County, where aquifers are among the most depleted in the entire state. He’s also in charge of a newly established groundwater sustainability agency for that area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was one of the first conversations that our groundwater committee tackled,” Limas says. “‘OK, how are we going to do that? Are we going to measure every molecule that’s pumped?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11891401\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/aquifer1-1020x679.jpg\"]Limas doesn’t even know exactly how many wells there are in his part of the county. Thousands of them are hidden away in the middle of cornfields and almond orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many farmers weren’t inclined to help him out, especially in the first years after the law was passed. Limas recalls the initial reaction: “At first it’s like, ‘You’re crazy if you think you’re going to come on my place and … figure out how much I’m pumping. That’s my water.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Limas heard that researchers at California Polytechnic State University had developed \u003ca href=\"http://www.itrc.org/projects/metric.htm\">a way to estimate the amount of water used by agricultural crops from images recorded by NASA-operated satellites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land IQ, meanwhile, was using that same technique — supplemented with stations on the ground — to collect data on field-by-field water use. It sounded like “Star Wars stuff,” Limas recalls. But it also sounded easier and cheaper than getting water meters installed on every well in his district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique involves several steps. The first is figuring out which crops are growing on each field. The satellite images, which are updated almost every week, contain clues: the shade of green, the spacing of vegetation, the time of year the field turns green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combining these clues, Kimmelshue says, produces a fingerprint of each crop. “We have a fingerprint for walnuts and a fingerprint for alfalfa, tomatoes and all these different crops,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892959\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1342px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11892959 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite.jpg\" alt=\"Two maps side-by-side created by LandIQ. Both use a multi-color, grid system to describe different factors present in a small patch of land in the Central Valley: what crops are grown and how much water is being consumed.\" width=\"1342\" height=\"870\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite.jpg 1342w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-800x519.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-1020x661.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-160x104.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1342px) 100vw, 1342px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Land IQ uses data from a NASA satellite to determine which crops are growing on each field. The map on the left shows one small part of California’s Central Valley. The darkest green areas are almond groves. The map on the right shows “evapotranspiration” (water used by crops or evaporated from soil) in the region during June 2020. Some fields (shown in dark blue) consumed 8 inches of water. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of LandIQ)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 4% of the time, Kimmelshue says, there’s a case of mistaken identity. “We might confuse almonds for peaches,” he says. “But a peach tree and an almond tree have similar water needs” so the estimate of water use still ends up being quite accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each crop, at a particular point in its life cycle, takes up a predictable amount of water and releases it through its leaves, depending on local weather conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land IQ has set up local monitoring stations to keep track of things like wind speed, heat and humidity, at hundreds of locations. Putting it all together, the company calculates the amount of “evapotranspiration” — the amount of water that the plants are releasing to the air, as well as what’s evaporating from the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1976952\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/09/Grapes-1920x1440.jpg\"]That’s different from the amount that farmers are pumping because some irrigation water that’s pumped from the aquifer sinks back into the earth. Because of this, Kimmelshue has convinced officials like Limas that it’s more important to regulate water consumption, in the form of evapotranspiration, rather than water pumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s now selling that data to more than a dozen groundwater regulatory agencies, including the ones that Eric Limas manages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limas and his colleagues can monitor how much water is consumed by every farmer, field by field, and show farmers how that compares with their legal allotment under the new Sustainable Groundwater Management Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of guys are going in and looking at their water budgets and saying, ‘Oh, yeah, we don’t have enough water to plant that summer crop,'” Limas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how the process is supposed to work. Farming practices are supposed to change to conserve aquifer water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='More Climate Coverage' tag='climate']Some officials worry that it won’t go so smoothly when limits on groundwater use get tighter over the next two decades, while others are predicting court battles over whether the satellite-based technique is accurate. Some farmers say that regulators ultimately may shift to using data from water meters that are installed on every well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, though, the technique is growing more popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this week, a coalition of scientists, NASA and environmental groups like the Environmental Defense Fund plans to launch a new version of space-based water monitoring. This one is called OpenET (“ET” refers to evapotranspiration). It will estimate water use in agricultural areas across much of the western United States, and make it available on the web for anyone to see.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "State regulators are turning to satellites to track how much water each farmer is using across California's vast agricultural lands in the face of a worsening drought.",
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"title": "Satellites Are Becoming a Part of California's Water Conservation Strategy | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a new push to stop further depletion of California’s shrinking aquifers, state regulators are turning to technology once used to count Soviet missile silos during the Cold War: satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Historically, California’s farmers could pump as much as they wanted from their wells. But as a consequence of that unrestricted use, the underground water table has sunk by hundreds of feet in some areas, and the state is now trying to stabilize those aquifers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Regulators need to calculate just how much water each farmer is using across California’s vast agricultural lands, and scientists and private companies are now offering a technique that uses images from orbiting satellites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The days of agricultural anonymity are over,” says \u003ca href=\"https://www.landiq.com/joel-kimmelshue\">Joel Kimmelshue\u003c/a>, co-founder of the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.landiq.com/\">Land IQ\u003c/a>, which is helping to hone the technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water surveillance got a big boost when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11891246/california-farmers-are-storing-water-in-underground-aquifers-that-function-like-savings-accounts\">California passed a law in 2014 that aims to protect the state’s aquifers\u003c/a>. It places limits on the amount of water that farmers are allowed to pump.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nThere was a big problem: Local officials like Eric Limas weren’t sure how to enforce limits on water use. Limas is general manager of the Lower Tule River and Pixley irrigation districts, in Tulare County, where aquifers are among the most depleted in the entire state. He’s also in charge of a newly established groundwater sustainability agency for that area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was one of the first conversations that our groundwater committee tackled,” Limas says. “‘OK, how are we going to do that? Are we going to measure every molecule that’s pumped?'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Limas doesn’t even know exactly how many wells there are in his part of the county. Thousands of them are hidden away in the middle of cornfields and almond orchards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many farmers weren’t inclined to help him out, especially in the first years after the law was passed. Limas recalls the initial reaction: “At first it’s like, ‘You’re crazy if you think you’re going to come on my place and … figure out how much I’m pumping. That’s my water.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then Limas heard that researchers at California Polytechnic State University had developed \u003ca href=\"http://www.itrc.org/projects/metric.htm\">a way to estimate the amount of water used by agricultural crops from images recorded by NASA-operated satellites\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land IQ, meanwhile, was using that same technique — supplemented with stations on the ground — to collect data on field-by-field water use. It sounded like “Star Wars stuff,” Limas recalls. But it also sounded easier and cheaper than getting water meters installed on every well in his district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technique involves several steps. The first is figuring out which crops are growing on each field. The satellite images, which are updated almost every week, contain clues: the shade of green, the spacing of vegetation, the time of year the field turns green.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Combining these clues, Kimmelshue says, produces a fingerprint of each crop. “We have a fingerprint for walnuts and a fingerprint for alfalfa, tomatoes and all these different crops,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11892959\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1342px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11892959 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite.jpg\" alt=\"Two maps side-by-side created by LandIQ. Both use a multi-color, grid system to describe different factors present in a small patch of land in the Central Valley: what crops are grown and how much water is being consumed.\" width=\"1342\" height=\"870\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite.jpg 1342w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-800x519.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-1020x661.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/alfa-maps-satellite-160x104.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1342px) 100vw, 1342px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Land IQ uses data from a NASA satellite to determine which crops are growing on each field. The map on the left shows one small part of California’s Central Valley. The darkest green areas are almond groves. The map on the right shows “evapotranspiration” (water used by crops or evaporated from soil) in the region during June 2020. Some fields (shown in dark blue) consumed 8 inches of water. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of LandIQ)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About 4% of the time, Kimmelshue says, there’s a case of mistaken identity. “We might confuse almonds for peaches,” he says. “But a peach tree and an almond tree have similar water needs” so the estimate of water use still ends up being quite accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each crop, at a particular point in its life cycle, takes up a predictable amount of water and releases it through its leaves, depending on local weather conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Land IQ has set up local monitoring stations to keep track of things like wind speed, heat and humidity, at hundreds of locations. Putting it all together, the company calculates the amount of “evapotranspiration” — the amount of water that the plants are releasing to the air, as well as what’s evaporating from the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That’s different from the amount that farmers are pumping because some irrigation water that’s pumped from the aquifer sinks back into the earth. Because of this, Kimmelshue has convinced officials like Limas that it’s more important to regulate water consumption, in the form of evapotranspiration, rather than water pumping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s now selling that data to more than a dozen groundwater regulatory agencies, including the ones that Eric Limas manages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Limas and his colleagues can monitor how much water is consumed by every farmer, field by field, and show farmers how that compares with their legal allotment under the new Sustainable Groundwater Management Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of guys are going in and looking at their water budgets and saying, ‘Oh, yeah, we don’t have enough water to plant that summer crop,'” Limas says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s how the process is supposed to work. Farming practices are supposed to change to conserve aquifer water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Some officials worry that it won’t go so smoothly when limits on groundwater use get tighter over the next two decades, while others are predicting court battles over whether the satellite-based technique is accurate. Some farmers say that regulators ultimately may shift to using data from water meters that are installed on every well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the meantime, though, the technique is growing more popular.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this week, a coalition of scientists, NASA and environmental groups like the Environmental Defense Fund plans to launch a new version of space-based water monitoring. This one is called OpenET (“ET” refers to evapotranspiration). It will estimate water use in agricultural areas across much of the western United States, and make it available on the web for anyone to see.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "can-redwood-city-really-boast-climate-best-by-government-test-yes-and-no",
"title": "Can Redwood City Really Boast \"Climate Best by Government Test\"? Yes and No",
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"headTitle": "Can Redwood City Really Boast “Climate Best by Government Test”? Yes and No | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you’ve spent any time at all in Redwood City, you know what we’re talking about: The sign! (Or signs, plural.) They say “Redwood City” across the top, and, in smaller font, is the city’s slogan: “Climate Best by Government Test.” Been there forever. Sounds kinda official. But is it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does Redwood City actually have the best weather?” asks Lauren Tankeh of San Carlos, which lies just north of Redwood City. “I think it’s a little nicer in San Carlos. I think we actually have nicer weather.” There seems to be a somewhat competitive quality to Tankeh’s query. Time for a climate throw-down here in the Bay?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Michael Svanevik, historian and retired professor at the College of San Mateo, the sign’s origin dates back to 1925. At the time, Peninsula farmland had long given way to the suburbs of San Francisco, thanks to two things: the railroad that runs from San Francisco to San José (where Caltrain runs today), and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11621122/el-camino-not-so-real-the-true-story-of-the-ancient-road\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">El Camino Real\u003c/a>, then called the County Road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mood of the day was growth. Many of the city founders owned a lot of real estate they bought on the cheap, and they were keen to sell it for profit. Also, there was lots of competition among the cities on the Peninsula, all vying for new residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right after [World War I], they started a number of advertising campaigns to attract people into their different communities,” Svanevik said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11890232\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11890232 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A black-and-white photo of an office, with high windows along one wall, file cabinets, and a few desks. A man sits at one desk, a woman at another, and a second man leans against a cabinet.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1689\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-800x528.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-1020x673.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-1536x1013.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-2048x1351.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-1920x1266.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The younger man, standing in this photo, is likely to be Wilbur Doxsee, the man who coined the phrase Redwood City is known for today. His father, Clarence, was president of the George H. Rice Abstract Company, which is pictured here. \u003ccite>(Courtesy: Redwood City Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Mateo built an amusement park, the ill-fated Pacific City, which may have been the most ambitious concept. Many cities just came up with slogans. Our question-asker Tankeh knows the one for her hometown, San Carlos: “The City of Good Living.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11705654,news_11621122,news_11747125\" label=\"Related Coverage\"]In 1925, the Redwood City Chamber of Commerce and the Real Estate Board sponsored a contest for a slogan that would sum up the charms of Redwood City. Conveniently, the guy who won the contest was heavily involved in organizing the contest, in thick with the city founders because he was one himself: Wilbur Doxsee, the president of the Redwood City Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doxsee’s winning slogan? The one that beat out 78 other entries? “By Government Test, Our Climate Is Best” — later shortened to the somewhat catchier “Climate Best by Government Test.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Svanevik said, “Immediately, somebody came forth and said, ‘Wilbur Doxsee, how do you know that’s true?’ And he said, ‘I don’t. I made it up.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doxsee made the slogan up, but Svanevik suspects he was thinking of his friend, amateur meteorologist Henry C. Finkler. “He owned all the property that is today [Edgewood Park],” said Svanevik. That’s more than 450 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11890238\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11890238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"This is believed to be the earliest known photo of Redwood City's "Climate Best by Government Test" slogan.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1687\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-1536x1012.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-2048x1350.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-1920x1265.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is believed to be the earliest known photo of Redwood City’s “Climate Best by Government Test” slogan. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Redwood City Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Henry C. Finkler was a bicyclist. And he became, I have to say, fanatically interested in weather. And he recorded, every day he rode down the hill, what the air temperature was, what the winds were, the number of days of rain,” Svanevik said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s Finkler who first claimed there were only three parts of the world that had perfect weather: the Canary Islands off the coast of northwestern Africa, North Africa’s Mediterranean Coast, and anything within a 20-mile radius of Redwood City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finkler was buddies with a fellow cyclist, Franklin Lane, who was secretary of the interior under Woodrow Wilson when the U.S. got involved in World War I. Lane remembered his buddy Finkler with the weather research and, on the basis of that, convinced President Wilson to establish one of the first military bases on the West Coast, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705654/wwi-and-the-peninsulas-forgotten-contribution-to-the-war-effort\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Camp Fremont\u003c/a>, in Menlo Park. (This put Menlo Park on the map, so to speak.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another way Doxsee may have been inspired comes from a nonmilitary, German weather survey conducted before World War I by the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, a government research outfit in Berlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 1912, the German government asked counselor agents all over the world to send in statistics about weather in their area. Need I tell you not many people keep weather statistics. Well, Henry Finkler has it all,” Svanevik said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theory goes: Doxsee read an article in The San Francisco Chronicle about the climate survey, and this was how Finkler’s assessment of Redwood City got national, and even international, attention. Doxsee’s slogan sealed the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel almost cheated,” said our listener upon learning how bogus the science behind the sign was. She was thinking this story would go in an entirely different direction: “You know, is this test outdated? Has climate change shifted the best weather a little bit north to San Carlos?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is, of course, a good argument to be made that “best” weather is a purely subjective title. Lots of people love rain and fog. Some people like it hot. Speaking for myself, I think the weather on the Peninsula sits in the Goldilocks Zone: not too hot, not too cold, most of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which is to say, I think Finkler and Doxsee got it right. But then, I don’t live in San Carlos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Can Redwood City Really Boast \"Climate Best by Government Test\"? Yes and No | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’ve spent any time at all in Redwood City, you know what we’re talking about: The sign! (Or signs, plural.) They say “Redwood City” across the top, and, in smaller font, is the city’s slogan: “Climate Best by Government Test.” Been there forever. Sounds kinda official. But is it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does Redwood City actually have the best weather?” asks Lauren Tankeh of San Carlos, which lies just north of Redwood City. “I think it’s a little nicer in San Carlos. I think we actually have nicer weather.” There seems to be a somewhat competitive quality to Tankeh’s query. Time for a climate throw-down here in the Bay?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Michael Svanevik, historian and retired professor at the College of San Mateo, the sign’s origin dates back to 1925. At the time, Peninsula farmland had long given way to the suburbs of San Francisco, thanks to two things: the railroad that runs from San Francisco to San José (where Caltrain runs today), and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11621122/el-camino-not-so-real-the-true-story-of-the-ancient-road\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">El Camino Real\u003c/a>, then called the County Road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mood of the day was growth. Many of the city founders owned a lot of real estate they bought on the cheap, and they were keen to sell it for profit. Also, there was lots of competition among the cities on the Peninsula, all vying for new residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Right after [World War I], they started a number of advertising campaigns to attract people into their different communities,” Svanevik said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11890232\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11890232 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"A black-and-white photo of an office, with high windows along one wall, file cabinets, and a few desks. A man sits at one desk, a woman at another, and a second man leans against a cabinet.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1689\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-800x528.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-1020x673.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-1536x1013.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-2048x1351.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Doxsee-Family-@-G.-Rice-Title-Co.-1920x1266.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The younger man, standing in this photo, is likely to be Wilbur Doxsee, the man who coined the phrase Redwood City is known for today. His father, Clarence, was president of the George H. Rice Abstract Company, which is pictured here. \u003ccite>(Courtesy: Redwood City Public Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>San Mateo built an amusement park, the ill-fated Pacific City, which may have been the most ambitious concept. Many cities just came up with slogans. Our question-asker Tankeh knows the one for her hometown, San Carlos: “The City of Good Living.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In 1925, the Redwood City Chamber of Commerce and the Real Estate Board sponsored a contest for a slogan that would sum up the charms of Redwood City. Conveniently, the guy who won the contest was heavily involved in organizing the contest, in thick with the city founders because he was one himself: Wilbur Doxsee, the president of the Redwood City Chamber of Commerce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doxsee’s winning slogan? The one that beat out 78 other entries? “By Government Test, Our Climate Is Best” — later shortened to the somewhat catchier “Climate Best by Government Test.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Svanevik said, “Immediately, somebody came forth and said, ‘Wilbur Doxsee, how do you know that’s true?’ And he said, ‘I don’t. I made it up.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doxsee made the slogan up, but Svanevik suspects he was thinking of his friend, amateur meteorologist Henry C. Finkler. “He owned all the property that is today [Edgewood Park],” said Svanevik. That’s more than 450 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11890238\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11890238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"This is believed to be the earliest known photo of Redwood City's "Climate Best by Government Test" slogan.\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1687\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-800x527.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-1020x672.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-160x105.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-1536x1012.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-2048x1350.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/09/Earliest-photo-of-Climate-Sign-1920x1265.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is believed to be the earliest known photo of Redwood City’s “Climate Best by Government Test” slogan. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Redwood City Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Henry C. Finkler was a bicyclist. And he became, I have to say, fanatically interested in weather. And he recorded, every day he rode down the hill, what the air temperature was, what the winds were, the number of days of rain,” Svanevik said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s Finkler who first claimed there were only three parts of the world that had perfect weather: the Canary Islands off the coast of northwestern Africa, North Africa’s Mediterranean Coast, and anything within a 20-mile radius of Redwood City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finkler was buddies with a fellow cyclist, Franklin Lane, who was secretary of the interior under Woodrow Wilson when the U.S. got involved in World War I. Lane remembered his buddy Finkler with the weather research and, on the basis of that, convinced President Wilson to establish one of the first military bases on the West Coast, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11705654/wwi-and-the-peninsulas-forgotten-contribution-to-the-war-effort\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Camp Fremont\u003c/a>, in Menlo Park. (This put Menlo Park on the map, so to speak.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another way Doxsee may have been inspired comes from a nonmilitary, German weather survey conducted before World War I by the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, a government research outfit in Berlin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 1912, the German government asked counselor agents all over the world to send in statistics about weather in their area. Need I tell you not many people keep weather statistics. Well, Henry Finkler has it all,” Svanevik said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theory goes: Doxsee read an article in The San Francisco Chronicle about the climate survey, and this was how Finkler’s assessment of Redwood City got national, and even international, attention. Doxsee’s slogan sealed the deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel almost cheated,” said our listener upon learning how bogus the science behind the sign was. She was thinking this story would go in an entirely different direction: “You know, is this test outdated? Has climate change shifted the best weather a little bit north to San Carlos?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is, of course, a good argument to be made that “best” weather is a purely subjective title. Lots of people love rain and fog. Some people like it hot. Speaking for myself, I think the weather on the Peninsula sits in the Goldilocks Zone: not too hot, not too cold, most of the time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which is to say, I think Finkler and Doxsee got it right. But then, I don’t live in San Carlos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Is California in a Megadrought? (Transcript)",
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"content": "\u003cp>California is in drought. Again. And the infrastructure used to sustain the state’s 40 million residents — and $50 billion agriculture industry — hasn’t kept up with changing climate patterns. The Bay Curious podcast will explore new ways of thinking about the future of water in \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2QoyW8Jt9q3Tq11l8ws3wc?si=3d913de8a11c45a8&nd=1\">our state as part of a six part series: State of Drought.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC3142023629\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Music starts\u003c/em>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003cem>[00:00:02] \u003c/em>You’re listening to the Bay Curious State of Drought series, I’m \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/oallenprice\">Olivia Allen Price\u003c/a>. A few weeks ago, we asked you, our audience, what you wanted to know about drought in California. And there was one question that came in that really caught my eye. It came from Nicholas Hardy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nicholas Hardy\u003c/b> \u003cem>[00:00:18] \u003c/em>Are we in the start of a drought or are we actually in the middle of a megadrought with some wet years thrown in?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:00:26] \u003c/em>Megadrought. The word alone sounds almost like a science fiction movie … something you’d spot at a video store alongside the movies Sharknado and San Andreas … if video stores still existed, that is. But megadrought is not fiction. It is a very real climate phenomenon. Today, we find the answer to Nicholas’s question and learn some fascinating things about our long term climate along the way. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Music ends\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:00:50] \u003c/em>All right, so we’re setting out to answer Nicholas’s question about megadrought. Here to help us out as reporter Amy Mayer. Hey, Amy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:00:58] \u003c/em>Hi, Olivia. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:00:59] \u003c/em>So looking around, I see the hills are dry and brown, but they’re always brown this time of year. Can you first explain how do we know it’s because of a drought and not just seasonal dryness? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:10] \u003c/em>You really have to go back to the past winter. We didn’t have a lot of rain here, and especially in the mountains, there wasn’t a lot of snow. Plus parts of the state have really been hot this summer. So those are some of the measurements that go into something called the Drought Monitor, which is a map put together by a bunch of federal agencies and university scientists. They update it weekly based on certain concrete measurements, like soil moisture and stream flow, but also observations. They have UC Extension agents all over the state who are watching for different things. So the end of August of 2021, the whole state was in at least moderate drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:45] \u003c/em>And it’s not just California. Right. I know I’ve heard about low water levels across a lot of the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:51] \u003c/em>That’s right. Yeah. The drought conditions extend across Arizona and Nevada, even Oregon. And the heat and low water obviously also have an impact on the Colorado River and everyone who uses water from that river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Newscaster: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:04] \u003c/em>For the first time ever, the federal government has declared a water shortage on the Colorado River. Two decades of drought means reservoirs that store runoff are depleted and there’s not enough water to meet demand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:18] \u003c/em>So there’s five stages in that drought monitor. Nearly half of California, plus a large swath of Nevada right now, are in exceptional drought. That’s the top category. That includes six Bay Area counties. Paul Rogers of the San Jose Mercury News pulled out some old data showing that San Francisco is seeing its third driest year since the gold rush and San Jose experienced its driest year in 128 years of record keeping. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:47] \u003c/em>All right, so it’s bad. I know that we’ve been flirting with exceptional drought on and off for many years now, so much so that people, like our question asker Nicholas, bring up this term megadrought. What is a megadrought and are we in one? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:03] \u003c/em>Well, yes, we are in a megadrought and it’s not really because of this summer’s conditions or the things we’ve been talking about this year. Megadrought is not a weather term. Mega drought is a climate word. And we’re in one now because across the southwest, these drier conditions and these hotter conditions have been going on for decades. So, Olivia, you might remember after what seemed like the last drought, roughly 2011 to 2017, we got some wet years. But it turns out they weren’t enough to overcome these drought conditions. Richard Seager is a climate scientist at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in New York. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Richard Seager: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:41] \u003c/em>In the Southwest, it’s been overall drier since the late 1990s. So we’re talking about a 20 year dry period here now. And using the term megadrought is justifiable because it stacks up in terms of the severity and the length with the ones that we’ve inferred from tree ring data back in the medieval period. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:04] \u003c/em>Tell me more about those tree rings. What’s that about? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:07] \u003c/em>Well, in a dry year, trees just don’t grow as much. A lot of people are familiar with the rings that a tree adds each year, and when they’re closer together or they’re thinner, that tells scientists that a drought has happened and it can allow them to figure out how long a drought lasted. John Abatzoglou, is a professor at UC Merced and he looks at droughts both past and present. He was part of a big team that published a look at historic megadroughts. The paper came out last year and they looked at a lot of tree records across the southwest. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>John Abatzoglou: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:35] \u003c/em>We can actually compile trees both that are living today, as well as trees that may have died, but their skeletons remain and sort of piece those together to go back a bit further through time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:46] \u003c/em>So these tree skeletons led them back thousands of years to droughts during medieval times that lasted for decades. And that helped them conclude the 20th century was anomalous for its lack of droughts in this area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:59] \u003c/em>Wow. So that really turns everything on its head. I mean, really, California became what it is during a time when there was more water than historically there would have been. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:09] \u003c/em>Yeah, that’s exactly what their studies have found. Even though we thought of California as dry. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:14] \u003c/em>Huh. So have we as humans played a factor in this megadrought? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:19] \u003c/em>Well, these climate guys are confident that a megadrought would have come regardless. It’s just part of the climate cycle. But, yeah, having so many people and also the fact that we grow so much of the country’s fruits and vegetables and nuts, that likely makes it worse because we’re used to using more water and the water has always been there to use … even though this region was generally considered rather dry. So Abatzoglou says the water supply coming into this megadrought may have actually been lower than it was in the past when the area entered other megadroughts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>John Abatzoglou: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:52] \u003c/em>We have increased population. We have the bountiful Central Valley that is basically all irrigated. That has increased the demand through time, right? A human driven increase in demand. And that makes it easier to actually realize drought impacts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:09] \u003c/em>That really gets us to a question that we heard from a lot of listeners, which was: long term, can a drier California be home to so many people?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:19] \u003c/em>Well, both Seager and Abatzoglou think so, but how water is used and for what is probably going to need to change some. And of course, they both mentioned farming. Here’s Seager again. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Richard Seager: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:30] \u003c/em>A lot of agriculture in the United States is going to have to move from California in the southwest to other water rich areas of the United States. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:38] \u003c/em>That would be a huge change for a lot of people. But Abatzoglou says maybe not so fast. Ingenuity and engineering might offer some solutions. And at UC Merced they’re actually putting in a smart farm to test a wide variety of ag tech research efforts, a lot of them aimed at better resource use, including water. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>John Abatzoglou: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:58] \u003c/em>Some of these changes could actually lead to beneficial climate adaptation strategies being more efficient, like revolutionizing how we work with land, how we work with water. So there may be some good things that come out of dealing with hardship, which is what we’re going through in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[emailsignup newslettername=\"baycurious\" align=\"right\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:14] \u003c/em>For example, sensors that could determine exactly how much water a specific plant needs so that custom micro irrigation can deliver just that amount and at the right time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:24] \u003c/em>That’s a really cool idea. But ultimately, I think a lot of people want to know when are we going to get out of this? Are we going to get out of this? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:32] \u003c/em>Right. Sure. That’s the big question. And again, there’s two parts to it, the short term and the long term. So first, when is there going to be more water? When are we going to get out of this acute drought situation? Abatzoglou says he and others are working on better ways to tell us what’s coming in the next water year. If we knew, then we could make smart decisions and he says that could help us not feel the impacts quite so severely. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>John Abatzoglou: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:55] \u003c/em>Because drought is one of these sort of sneaking phenomenas or creeping phenomenas. Usually you don’t know you’re in a drought until it’s a little bit too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:04] \u003c/em>But longer term, climate scientists are trying to develop tools to predict when overall drought conditions might change. That would help to define, you know, how long a megadrought might last year when another one might be starting. That would mean they would need better ways to forecast the ocean temperatures, because that’s one of the things that controls drought conditions. Seager says so far they just can’t project that out more than about a year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Richard Seager: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:27] \u003c/em>There are big international research efforts to do that. But in the Pacific Ocean, that research to date has not met with a tremendous amount of success. It’s been rather disappointing in progress. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:45] \u003c/em>We’ve got a new water year starting October 1st, and Governor Newsom is already saying that if it’s dry again this winter, he might need to impose some mandatory water reductions, possibly statewide. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:56] \u003c/em>Well, something to keep our eyes on. Reporter Amy Mayer, thanks for speaking with me. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:09:01] \u003c/em>Thanks for having me. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:09:05] \u003c/em>That’s it for the third installment in our State of Drought series. Tomorrow, we’re going to start talking about solutions, beginning with what we as individuals can do in our own homes. Bay Curious is made by Katrina Schwartz, Brendan Willard, Sebastian Miño-Bucheli and me, Olivia Allen-Price. We’re a production of member-supported KQED in San Francisco. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is in drought. Again. And the infrastructure used to sustain the state’s 40 million residents — and $50 billion agriculture industry — hasn’t kept up with changing climate patterns. The Bay Curious podcast will explore new ways of thinking about the future of water in \u003ca href=\"https://open.spotify.com/playlist/2QoyW8Jt9q3Tq11l8ws3wc?si=3d913de8a11c45a8&nd=1\">our state as part of a six part series: State of Drought.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"200\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https://playlist.megaphone.fm?e=KQINC3142023629\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Music starts\u003c/em>\u003cb>\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003cem>[00:00:02] \u003c/em>You’re listening to the Bay Curious State of Drought series, I’m \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/oallenprice\">Olivia Allen Price\u003c/a>. A few weeks ago, we asked you, our audience, what you wanted to know about drought in California. And there was one question that came in that really caught my eye. It came from Nicholas Hardy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nicholas Hardy\u003c/b> \u003cem>[00:00:18] \u003c/em>Are we in the start of a drought or are we actually in the middle of a megadrought with some wet years thrown in?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:00:26] \u003c/em>Megadrought. The word alone sounds almost like a science fiction movie … something you’d spot at a video store alongside the movies Sharknado and San Andreas … if video stores still existed, that is. But megadrought is not fiction. It is a very real climate phenomenon. Today, we find the answer to Nicholas’s question and learn some fascinating things about our long term climate along the way. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Music ends\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:00:50] \u003c/em>All right, so we’re setting out to answer Nicholas’s question about megadrought. Here to help us out as reporter Amy Mayer. Hey, Amy. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:00:58] \u003c/em>Hi, Olivia. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:00:59] \u003c/em>So looking around, I see the hills are dry and brown, but they’re always brown this time of year. Can you first explain how do we know it’s because of a drought and not just seasonal dryness? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:10] \u003c/em>You really have to go back to the past winter. We didn’t have a lot of rain here, and especially in the mountains, there wasn’t a lot of snow. Plus parts of the state have really been hot this summer. So those are some of the measurements that go into something called the Drought Monitor, which is a map put together by a bunch of federal agencies and university scientists. They update it weekly based on certain concrete measurements, like soil moisture and stream flow, but also observations. They have UC Extension agents all over the state who are watching for different things. So the end of August of 2021, the whole state was in at least moderate drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:45] \u003c/em>And it’s not just California. Right. I know I’ve heard about low water levels across a lot of the West.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:01:51] \u003c/em>That’s right. Yeah. The drought conditions extend across Arizona and Nevada, even Oregon. And the heat and low water obviously also have an impact on the Colorado River and everyone who uses water from that river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Newscaster: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:04] \u003c/em>For the first time ever, the federal government has declared a water shortage on the Colorado River. Two decades of drought means reservoirs that store runoff are depleted and there’s not enough water to meet demand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:18] \u003c/em>So there’s five stages in that drought monitor. Nearly half of California, plus a large swath of Nevada right now, are in exceptional drought. That’s the top category. That includes six Bay Area counties. Paul Rogers of the San Jose Mercury News pulled out some old data showing that San Francisco is seeing its third driest year since the gold rush and San Jose experienced its driest year in 128 years of record keeping. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:02:47] \u003c/em>All right, so it’s bad. I know that we’ve been flirting with exceptional drought on and off for many years now, so much so that people, like our question asker Nicholas, bring up this term megadrought. What is a megadrought and are we in one? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:03] \u003c/em>Well, yes, we are in a megadrought and it’s not really because of this summer’s conditions or the things we’ve been talking about this year. Megadrought is not a weather term. Mega drought is a climate word. And we’re in one now because across the southwest, these drier conditions and these hotter conditions have been going on for decades. So, Olivia, you might remember after what seemed like the last drought, roughly 2011 to 2017, we got some wet years. But it turns out they weren’t enough to overcome these drought conditions. Richard Seager is a climate scientist at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in New York. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Richard Seager: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:03:41] \u003c/em>In the Southwest, it’s been overall drier since the late 1990s. So we’re talking about a 20 year dry period here now. And using the term megadrought is justifiable because it stacks up in terms of the severity and the length with the ones that we’ve inferred from tree ring data back in the medieval period. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:04] \u003c/em>Tell me more about those tree rings. What’s that about? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:07] \u003c/em>Well, in a dry year, trees just don’t grow as much. A lot of people are familiar with the rings that a tree adds each year, and when they’re closer together or they’re thinner, that tells scientists that a drought has happened and it can allow them to figure out how long a drought lasted. John Abatzoglou, is a professor at UC Merced and he looks at droughts both past and present. He was part of a big team that published a look at historic megadroughts. The paper came out last year and they looked at a lot of tree records across the southwest. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>John Abatzoglou: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:35] \u003c/em>We can actually compile trees both that are living today, as well as trees that may have died, but their skeletons remain and sort of piece those together to go back a bit further through time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:46] \u003c/em>So these tree skeletons led them back thousands of years to droughts during medieval times that lasted for decades. And that helped them conclude the 20th century was anomalous for its lack of droughts in this area. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:04:59] \u003c/em>Wow. So that really turns everything on its head. I mean, really, California became what it is during a time when there was more water than historically there would have been. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:09] \u003c/em>Yeah, that’s exactly what their studies have found. Even though we thought of California as dry. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:14] \u003c/em>Huh. So have we as humans played a factor in this megadrought? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:19] \u003c/em>Well, these climate guys are confident that a megadrought would have come regardless. It’s just part of the climate cycle. But, yeah, having so many people and also the fact that we grow so much of the country’s fruits and vegetables and nuts, that likely makes it worse because we’re used to using more water and the water has always been there to use … even though this region was generally considered rather dry. So Abatzoglou says the water supply coming into this megadrought may have actually been lower than it was in the past when the area entered other megadroughts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>John Abatzoglou: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:05:52] \u003c/em>We have increased population. We have the bountiful Central Valley that is basically all irrigated. That has increased the demand through time, right? A human driven increase in demand. And that makes it easier to actually realize drought impacts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:09] \u003c/em>That really gets us to a question that we heard from a lot of listeners, which was: long term, can a drier California be home to so many people?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:19] \u003c/em>Well, both Seager and Abatzoglou think so, but how water is used and for what is probably going to need to change some. And of course, they both mentioned farming. Here’s Seager again. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Richard Seager: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:30] \u003c/em>A lot of agriculture in the United States is going to have to move from California in the southwest to other water rich areas of the United States. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:38] \u003c/em>That would be a huge change for a lot of people. But Abatzoglou says maybe not so fast. Ingenuity and engineering might offer some solutions. And at UC Merced they’re actually putting in a smart farm to test a wide variety of ag tech research efforts, a lot of them aimed at better resource use, including water. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>John Abatzoglou: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:06:58] \u003c/em>Some of these changes could actually lead to beneficial climate adaptation strategies being more efficient, like revolutionizing how we work with land, how we work with water. So there may be some good things that come out of dealing with hardship, which is what we’re going through in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:14] \u003c/em>For example, sensors that could determine exactly how much water a specific plant needs so that custom micro irrigation can deliver just that amount and at the right time. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:24] \u003c/em>That’s a really cool idea. But ultimately, I think a lot of people want to know when are we going to get out of this? Are we going to get out of this? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:32] \u003c/em>Right. Sure. That’s the big question. And again, there’s two parts to it, the short term and the long term. So first, when is there going to be more water? When are we going to get out of this acute drought situation? Abatzoglou says he and others are working on better ways to tell us what’s coming in the next water year. If we knew, then we could make smart decisions and he says that could help us not feel the impacts quite so severely. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>John Abatzoglou: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:07:55] \u003c/em>Because drought is one of these sort of sneaking phenomenas or creeping phenomenas. Usually you don’t know you’re in a drought until it’s a little bit too late.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:04] \u003c/em>But longer term, climate scientists are trying to develop tools to predict when overall drought conditions might change. That would help to define, you know, how long a megadrought might last year when another one might be starting. That would mean they would need better ways to forecast the ocean temperatures, because that’s one of the things that controls drought conditions. Seager says so far they just can’t project that out more than about a year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Richard Seager: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:27] \u003c/em>There are big international research efforts to do that. But in the Pacific Ocean, that research to date has not met with a tremendous amount of success. It’s been rather disappointing in progress. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:45] \u003c/em>We’ve got a new water year starting October 1st, and Governor Newsom is already saying that if it’s dry again this winter, he might need to impose some mandatory water reductions, possibly statewide. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:08:56] \u003c/em>Well, something to keep our eyes on. Reporter Amy Mayer, thanks for speaking with me. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Amy Mayer: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:09:01] \u003c/em>Thanks for having me. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cem>[00:09:05] \u003c/em>That’s it for the third installment in our State of Drought series. Tomorrow, we’re going to start talking about solutions, beginning with what we as individuals can do in our own homes. Bay Curious is made by Katrina Schwartz, Brendan Willard, Sebastian Miño-Bucheli and me, Olivia Allen-Price. We’re a production of member-supported KQED in San Francisco. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Leoncio Antonio Trejo Galdamez, 58, died in his son’s arms on June 29 after spending the day laying irrigation pipes in California’s Coachella Valley. News of his death reverberated through the largely Latino community near the Mexican and Arizona borders — another casualty in a dangerous business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmworkers are at the front lines of climate change. And, in some instances, we’re seeing a perfect storm battering our workers: COVID-19, wildfire smoke and heat,” said Leydy Rangel, a spokesperson for the United Farm Workers Foundation.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Dr. Andrew Kassinove, emergency department physician at JFK Memorial Hospital in Indio\"]‘If we start seeing above 120 degrees in any regular capacity, we’re really in uncharted territory. The human body is not designed to exist in that kind of heat.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For workers like Trejo Galdamez, whose jobs depend on outdoor work, a few degrees can mean the difference between life and death. Farmworkers here wear long shirts, thick jeans, heavy boots and wide-brimmed hats to guard against the heat. Even so, ambulances are frequently called to the fields, and heat-related illness appears to be increasing in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The heat feels awful,” said Jaime Isidoro, 36. “You start to work, you start to sweat, and the shirt underneath gets drenched.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886036\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11886036\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1-800x534.jpeg\" alt=\"Farmworker Jaime Isidoro has been working in the California fields since he migrated from Puebla, Mexico, in 2000. Isidoro says that most farmworkers wear a thin shirt underneath their clothes to combat the heat. “You start to work, you start to sweat, and the shirt underneath gets drenched and you kind of feel refreshed when you’re bathed in sweat.” \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1.jpeg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworker Jaime Isidoro has been working in the California fields since he migrated from Puebla, Mexico, in 2000. Isidoro says that most farmworkers wear a thin shirt underneath their clothes to combat the heat. ‘You start to work, you start to sweat, and the shirt underneath gets drenched and you kind of feel refreshed when you’re bathed in sweat.’ \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Born in Puebla, Mexico, Isidoro has been picking crops for two decades in the Coachella Valley. The region has one of the country’s longest growing seasons, providing most of America’s winter vegetables. It’s also home to hundreds of date farms, which thrive in the hot, dry climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat is a given here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A few years ago, my head started hurting. I started to get chills. I went to the clinic and they gave me a couple of shots,” said Isidoro. “They told me it was a heatstroke. You don’t know the symptoms. I didn’t know it was that until I had it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886037\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11886037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4-800x534.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4.jpeg 1270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jaime Isidoro plants fruit trees in his backyard during his time off and says he has noticed the summers getting hotter every year. ‘This is the first time this guava tree bore fruit,’ he says. ‘I was expecting a good crop, but the heat is too high and it’s burning the fruit.’ \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And the temperatures are getting more extreme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Aug. 4, three of the desert communities in the region surpassed their daily recorded highs, hitting 122 degrees in Palm Springs and Thermal, and 120 in Indio. Thermal set a record for its hottest temperature ever for August at 121 degrees. California registered its hottest June and July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat is the leading weather-related cause of death in the United States: Heat stress killed 815 U.S. workers and seriously injured more than 70,000 workers from 1992 through 2017, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In California, heat-related emergency room visits increased by 35% from 2005 to 2015, the latest year for which data was readily available, with disproportionate increases among Black, Latino and Asian American communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical staffers in the Coachella Valley say they’ve treated a rising number of patients suffering from heat exhaustion or heatstroke in recent years. In 2018 California saw 6,152 emergency room visits due to heat-related illness. Riverside County, which includes Coachella, Indio and Palm Springs, has among the highest rates of heat-related ER visits in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we start seeing above 120 degrees in any regular capacity, we’re really in uncharted territory. The human body is not designed to exist in that kind of heat,” said Dr. Andrew Kassinove, emergency department physician and chief of staff at JFK Memorial Hospital in Indio.[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hospital regularly treats people who work outside for heat exhaustion, characterized by nausea, lightheadedness, fatigue, muscle cramping and dizziness. Less frequently they see heatstroke, a more dangerous condition whose symptoms include headache, confusion, vomiting, rapid heart rate, fainting and a failure to sweat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JFK Memorial has treated 129 heat-related cases already this year, compared with 85 in all of 2020 and 75 in 2019, said hospital spokesperson Todd Burke. [aside postID=news_11866519,news_11878212]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Core body temperatures that are really elevated require lifesaving measures to treat them,” Kassinove said. As temperatures rise above the typical human temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, the body struggles to dissipate the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has some of the strictest worker protections for heat exhaustion. A standard adopted by occupational safety officials in 2006 was the first in the country to apply to all outdoor jobs, mandating companies to provide workers with adequate shade, downtime and water. After a historic heat wave hit the Pacific Northwest this June, Oregon and Washington adopted similar protections. Some members of Congress have introduced a similar bill and want the Labor Department to establish federal standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886039\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11886039\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5-800x534.jpeg\" alt=\"Aguileo Rangel Rojas, originally from Guanajuato, Mexico, has been working as a farmworker in Coachella since 2004. \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5.jpeg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aguileo Rangel Rojas, originally from Guanajuato, Mexico, has been working as a farmworker in Coachella since 2004. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But workers’ rights groups say the rules are not always enforced. And farmworkers, who are desperate for the money and often get paid per piece during harvests, often overlook their own safety, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmworkers are less likely to file complaints,” said the UFW’s Rangel. With no federal assistance during the pandemic, “they had no option. They had to keep showing up to work if they wanted to feed their family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos, who represent the majority of California farmworkers, are as a group more likely to have conditions that can be exacerbated by the heat, like high blood pressure and kidney disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health workers stress the importance of hydration and urge the workers to consume less dehydrating soda, coffee and alcohol, said nurse practitioner Jose Banuelos at Coachella’s Central Neighborhood Health Foundation. “You can’t change your job if your job is outside. But I tell people to wear sunscreen and a protective coating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat may also affect a patient’s use of medicines. Antipsychotics and antidepressants, for example, can reduce thirst and thus cause dehydration, as do diuretics, sometimes taken for swelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Isidoro, who said he’s looking for other jobs, often sees fellow workers struggling in the fields. If they feel faint, they can sit in the shade, or jump in a nearby truck for air conditioning — or call 911 if symptoms persist. But it’s a point of pride not to show the heat is getting to you, he said — and calls to slow down are often met with snickers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around Bakersfield, during the summer and fall harvest of table grapes, ambulances are a regular sight, Isidoro said. “Daily you would hear, ‘Here comes the ambulance’ or ‘So-and-so left early because he felt ill.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886040\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 770px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11886040\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-6.jpeg\" alt=\"Rangel Rojas lives in a trailer home with his wife in Thermal, California. He says working during such high heat is “indescribable.” At age 15, his son suffered heatstroke picking grapes in Bakersfield and spent 15 days in the hospital. \" width=\"770\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-6.jpeg 770w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-6-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aguileo Rangel Rojas lives in a trailer home with his wife in Thermal, California. He says working during such high heat is ‘indescribable.’ At age 15, his son suffered heatstroke picking grapes in Bakersfield and spent 15 days in the hospital. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But many workers ignore the warning signs, said Aguileo Rangel Rojas, another farmworker: “They are OK risking their health, not thinking about it, to make sure they can make a wage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rangel Rojas knows the risks all too well. In 2005, his then-15-year-old son, Cruz, suffered heatstroke while picking grapes. He spent 15 days in the hospital and the family wasn’t sure he would survive. His father teared up at the memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t have money. We didn’t speak English. Without cars. Without anything,” he said. “We didn’t know our rights. It can rip your heart out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cruz stopped picking after that and went back to high school; he’s now a UFW employee. His father, now 53, still works in the fields with his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, Rangel Rojas began working nights, when temperatures go down to the low 80s. But even without extreme heat, there are risks. Evaporation from the crops hangs thick in the air, creating humidity that can bring on thunderstorms and flash floods. Lightning flashed around him while he was out cutting celery on a tractor on a recent predawn morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can get hit by lightning at any moment and we could all die,” he said. “There should be an instance when it’s raining and the bosses have us stop working, but they don’t. We don’t have the luxury of sitting behind a desk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Leoncio Antonio Trejo Galdamez, 58, died in his son’s arms on June 29 after spending the day laying irrigation pipes in California’s Coachella Valley. News of his death reverberated through the largely Latino community near the Mexican and Arizona borders — another casualty in a dangerous business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmworkers are at the front lines of climate change. And, in some instances, we’re seeing a perfect storm battering our workers: COVID-19, wildfire smoke and heat,” said Leydy Rangel, a spokesperson for the United Farm Workers Foundation.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For workers like Trejo Galdamez, whose jobs depend on outdoor work, a few degrees can mean the difference between life and death. Farmworkers here wear long shirts, thick jeans, heavy boots and wide-brimmed hats to guard against the heat. Even so, ambulances are frequently called to the fields, and heat-related illness appears to be increasing in the area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The heat feels awful,” said Jaime Isidoro, 36. “You start to work, you start to sweat, and the shirt underneath gets drenched.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886036\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11886036\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1-800x534.jpeg\" alt=\"Farmworker Jaime Isidoro has been working in the California fields since he migrated from Puebla, Mexico, in 2000. Isidoro says that most farmworkers wear a thin shirt underneath their clothes to combat the heat. “You start to work, you start to sweat, and the shirt underneath gets drenched and you kind of feel refreshed when you’re bathed in sweat.” \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-1.jpeg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Farmworker Jaime Isidoro has been working in the California fields since he migrated from Puebla, Mexico, in 2000. Isidoro says that most farmworkers wear a thin shirt underneath their clothes to combat the heat. ‘You start to work, you start to sweat, and the shirt underneath gets drenched and you kind of feel refreshed when you’re bathed in sweat.’ \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Born in Puebla, Mexico, Isidoro has been picking crops for two decades in the Coachella Valley. The region has one of the country’s longest growing seasons, providing most of America’s winter vegetables. It’s also home to hundreds of date farms, which thrive in the hot, dry climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat is a given here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A few years ago, my head started hurting. I started to get chills. I went to the clinic and they gave me a couple of shots,” said Isidoro. “They told me it was a heatstroke. You don’t know the symptoms. I didn’t know it was that until I had it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886037\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11886037\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4-800x534.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-4.jpeg 1270w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jaime Isidoro plants fruit trees in his backyard during his time off and says he has noticed the summers getting hotter every year. ‘This is the first time this guava tree bore fruit,’ he says. ‘I was expecting a good crop, but the heat is too high and it’s burning the fruit.’ \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And the temperatures are getting more extreme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Aug. 4, three of the desert communities in the region surpassed their daily recorded highs, hitting 122 degrees in Palm Springs and Thermal, and 120 in Indio. Thermal set a record for its hottest temperature ever for August at 121 degrees. California registered its hottest June and July.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat is the leading weather-related cause of death in the United States: Heat stress killed 815 U.S. workers and seriously injured more than 70,000 workers from 1992 through 2017, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In California, heat-related emergency room visits increased by 35% from 2005 to 2015, the latest year for which data was readily available, with disproportionate increases among Black, Latino and Asian American communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medical staffers in the Coachella Valley say they’ve treated a rising number of patients suffering from heat exhaustion or heatstroke in recent years. In 2018 California saw 6,152 emergency room visits due to heat-related illness. Riverside County, which includes Coachella, Indio and Palm Springs, has among the highest rates of heat-related ER visits in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we start seeing above 120 degrees in any regular capacity, we’re really in uncharted territory. The human body is not designed to exist in that kind of heat,” said Dr. Andrew Kassinove, emergency department physician and chief of staff at JFK Memorial Hospital in Indio.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hospital regularly treats people who work outside for heat exhaustion, characterized by nausea, lightheadedness, fatigue, muscle cramping and dizziness. Less frequently they see heatstroke, a more dangerous condition whose symptoms include headache, confusion, vomiting, rapid heart rate, fainting and a failure to sweat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>JFK Memorial has treated 129 heat-related cases already this year, compared with 85 in all of 2020 and 75 in 2019, said hospital spokesperson Todd Burke. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Core body temperatures that are really elevated require lifesaving measures to treat them,” Kassinove said. As temperatures rise above the typical human temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit, the body struggles to dissipate the heat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has some of the strictest worker protections for heat exhaustion. A standard adopted by occupational safety officials in 2006 was the first in the country to apply to all outdoor jobs, mandating companies to provide workers with adequate shade, downtime and water. After a historic heat wave hit the Pacific Northwest this June, Oregon and Washington adopted similar protections. Some members of Congress have introduced a similar bill and want the Labor Department to establish federal standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886039\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11886039\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5-800x534.jpeg\" alt=\"Aguileo Rangel Rojas, originally from Guanajuato, Mexico, has been working as a farmworker in Coachella since 2004. \" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5-800x534.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5-1020x681.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-5.jpeg 1350w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aguileo Rangel Rojas, originally from Guanajuato, Mexico, has been working as a farmworker in Coachella since 2004. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But workers’ rights groups say the rules are not always enforced. And farmworkers, who are desperate for the money and often get paid per piece during harvests, often overlook their own safety, they say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Farmworkers are less likely to file complaints,” said the UFW’s Rangel. With no federal assistance during the pandemic, “they had no option. They had to keep showing up to work if they wanted to feed their family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Latinos, who represent the majority of California farmworkers, are as a group more likely to have conditions that can be exacerbated by the heat, like high blood pressure and kidney disease.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health workers stress the importance of hydration and urge the workers to consume less dehydrating soda, coffee and alcohol, said nurse practitioner Jose Banuelos at Coachella’s Central Neighborhood Health Foundation. “You can’t change your job if your job is outside. But I tell people to wear sunscreen and a protective coating.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat may also affect a patient’s use of medicines. Antipsychotics and antidepressants, for example, can reduce thirst and thus cause dehydration, as do diuretics, sometimes taken for swelling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Isidoro, who said he’s looking for other jobs, often sees fellow workers struggling in the fields. If they feel faint, they can sit in the shade, or jump in a nearby truck for air conditioning — or call 911 if symptoms persist. But it’s a point of pride not to show the heat is getting to you, he said — and calls to slow down are often met with snickers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around Bakersfield, during the summer and fall harvest of table grapes, ambulances are a regular sight, Isidoro said. “Daily you would hear, ‘Here comes the ambulance’ or ‘So-and-so left early because he felt ill.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11886040\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 770px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11886040\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-6.jpeg\" alt=\"Rangel Rojas lives in a trailer home with his wife in Thermal, California. He says working during such high heat is “indescribable.” At age 15, his son suffered heatstroke picking grapes in Bakersfield and spent 15 days in the hospital. \" width=\"770\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-6.jpeg 770w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2021/08/farmworker-heat-6-160x107.jpeg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aguileo Rangel Rojas lives in a trailer home with his wife in Thermal, California. He says working during such high heat is ‘indescribable.’ At age 15, his son suffered heatstroke picking grapes in Bakersfield and spent 15 days in the hospital. \u003ccite>(Heidi de Marco/KHN)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But many workers ignore the warning signs, said Aguileo Rangel Rojas, another farmworker: “They are OK risking their health, not thinking about it, to make sure they can make a wage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rangel Rojas knows the risks all too well. In 2005, his then-15-year-old son, Cruz, suffered heatstroke while picking grapes. He spent 15 days in the hospital and the family wasn’t sure he would survive. His father teared up at the memory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We didn’t have money. We didn’t speak English. Without cars. Without anything,” he said. “We didn’t know our rights. It can rip your heart out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cruz stopped picking after that and went back to high school; he’s now a UFW employee. His father, now 53, still works in the fields with his wife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, Rangel Rojas began working nights, when temperatures go down to the low 80s. But even without extreme heat, there are risks. Evaporation from the crops hangs thick in the air, creating humidity that can bring on thunderstorms and flash floods. Lightning flashed around him while he was out cutting celery on a tractor on a recent predawn morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can get hit by lightning at any moment and we could all die,” he said. “There should be an instance when it’s raining and the bosses have us stop working, but they don’t. We don’t have the luxury of sitting behind a desk.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by \u003ca href=\"https://khn.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Kaiser Health News\u003c/a>, which publishes \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiahealthline.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Healthline\u003c/a>, an editorially independent service of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.chcf.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California Health Care Foundation\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"headTitle": "‘We Are Under Extreme Weather Conditions’: Wildfires Rage From California to Alaska | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Wildfires that torched homes and forced thousands to evacuate burned across 10 parched Western states on Tuesday, and the largest, in Oregon, threatened a portion of California’s power supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 60 wildfires tore through bone-dry timber and brush from Alaska to Wyoming, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/fire-information/nfn\">National Interagency Fire Center\u003c/a>. Arizona, Idaho and Montana accounted for more than half of the large active fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires erupted as the West was in the grip of the second bout of dangerously high temperatures in just a few weeks. A climate change-fueled megadrought also is contributing to conditions that make fires \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-health-government-and-politics-fires-environment-and-nature-29b3eb2572c64109ecce45258a93f78c\">even more dangerous\u003c/a>, scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Daniel Omdal, fire spokesman\"]‘We are under extreme weather conditions. The humidity is low, the fuels are highly flammable and all those provide conditions for significant fire activity.’[/pullquote]The National Weather Service said the heat wave had peaked in many areas, and remaining excessive heat warnings were expected to expire by Tuesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we are eagerly anticipating a cooling trend over the next few days, we still have another hot day to get through,” the Medford, Oregon, weather office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest fire in the United States was burning in rural southwestern Oregon. The Bootleg Fire — which has ravaged about 316 square miles, an area more than twice the size of Portland — threatened some 2,000 homes, state fire officials said. It had burned about 21 homes homes as well as other minor structures, fire spokesman Daniel Omdal said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">The California Fire & Rescue Mutual Aid System at work! \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Cal_OES?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@Cal_OES\u003c/a> is sending two additional strike teams up north to battle the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/BootlegFire?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BootlegFire\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nRead more here: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/gDMOEAgU14\">https://t.co/gDMOEAgU14\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/CSpu8IcIIb\">pic.twitter.com/CSpu8IcIIb\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Cal OES (@Cal_OES) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Cal_OES/status/1414043559687118851?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 11, 2021\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Firefighters were struggling to build containment lines and hadn’t managed to surround any of the fire burning in the Fremont-Winema National Forest, near the Klamath County town of Sprague River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are under extreme weather conditions. The humidity is low, the fuels are highly flammable and all those provide conditions for significant fire activity,” Omdal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire disrupted service on three transmission lines providing up to 5,500 megawatts of electricity to California, and California’s power grid operator asked for voluntary power conservation Monday evening. The operator reported that more than 44,500 megawatts were available Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Northern California, a combined pair of lightning-ignited blazes dubbed the Beckwourth Complex was 26% surrounded after days of battling flames in windy, hot and dry weather that sapped moisture from vegetation. Evacuation orders were in place for more than 3,000 residents of remote northern areas and neighboring Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Two Nevada Air Guard C-130 planes equipped with \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/forestservice?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@forestservice\u003c/a> Modular Airborne Fire Fighting System \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MAFFS?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MAFFS\u003c/a> are battling the Beckwourth Complex Fire in Plumas County about 50 miles northwest of Reno. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/146AirliftWing?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@146AirliftWing\u003c/a> is also assisting with aircraft. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AEGMAFFS?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@AEGMAFFS\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/2N6hYeE2kp\">pic.twitter.com/2N6hYeE2kp\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Nevada Guard (@NVNationalGuard) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NVNationalGuard/status/1413234571190013952?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 8, 2021\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>There were reports of burned homes, but damage was still being tallied. The blaze had scorched more than 145 square miles of land, including in Plumas National Forest, and containment jumped to 46%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A fire that began Sunday in the Sierra Nevada south of Yosemite National Park grew to nearly 15 square miles but containment increased to 15%. Four unspecified buildings were destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere, a forest fire started during lightning storms in southeast Washington grew to 86 square miles. It was 20% contained Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another fire west of Winthrop, Washington, closed the scenic North Cascades Highway, the most northern route through the Cascade Range. The road provides access to North Cascades National Park and the Ross Lake National Recreation Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Idaho, Gov. Brad Little mobilized the National Guard to help fight twin lightning-sparked fires that have together charred nearly 24 square miles of dry timber in the remote, drought-stricken region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press journalist Julie Walker contributed to this report from New York.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Wildfires that torched homes and forced thousands to evacuate burned across 10 parched Western states on Tuesday, and the largest, in Oregon, threatened a portion of California’s power supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 60 wildfires tore through bone-dry timber and brush from Alaska to Wyoming, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nifc.gov/fire-information/nfn\">National Interagency Fire Center\u003c/a>. Arizona, Idaho and Montana accounted for more than half of the large active fires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fires erupted as the West was in the grip of the second bout of dangerously high temperatures in just a few weeks. A climate change-fueled megadrought also is contributing to conditions that make fires \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-health-government-and-politics-fires-environment-and-nature-29b3eb2572c64109ecce45258a93f78c\">even more dangerous\u003c/a>, scientists say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The National Weather Service said the heat wave had peaked in many areas, and remaining excessive heat warnings were expected to expire by Tuesday night.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“While we are eagerly anticipating a cooling trend over the next few days, we still have another hot day to get through,” the Medford, Oregon, weather office said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The largest fire in the United States was burning in rural southwestern Oregon. The Bootleg Fire — which has ravaged about 316 square miles, an area more than twice the size of Portland — threatened some 2,000 homes, state fire officials said. It had burned about 21 homes homes as well as other minor structures, fire spokesman Daniel Omdal said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">The California Fire & Rescue Mutual Aid System at work! \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Cal_OES?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@Cal_OES\u003c/a> is sending two additional strike teams up north to battle the \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/BootlegFire?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#BootlegFire\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nRead more here: \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/gDMOEAgU14\">https://t.co/gDMOEAgU14\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/CSpu8IcIIb\">pic.twitter.com/CSpu8IcIIb\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Cal OES (@Cal_OES) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Cal_OES/status/1414043559687118851?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 11, 2021\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Firefighters were struggling to build containment lines and hadn’t managed to surround any of the fire burning in the Fremont-Winema National Forest, near the Klamath County town of Sprague River.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are under extreme weather conditions. The humidity is low, the fuels are highly flammable and all those provide conditions for significant fire activity,” Omdal said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire disrupted service on three transmission lines providing up to 5,500 megawatts of electricity to California, and California’s power grid operator asked for voluntary power conservation Monday evening. The operator reported that more than 44,500 megawatts were available Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Northern California, a combined pair of lightning-ignited blazes dubbed the Beckwourth Complex was 26% surrounded after days of battling flames in windy, hot and dry weather that sapped moisture from vegetation. Evacuation orders were in place for more than 3,000 residents of remote northern areas and neighboring Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">Two Nevada Air Guard C-130 planes equipped with \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/forestservice?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@forestservice\u003c/a> Modular Airborne Fire Fighting System \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/MAFFS?src=hash&ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">#MAFFS\u003c/a> are battling the Beckwourth Complex Fire in Plumas County about 50 miles northwest of Reno. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/146AirliftWing?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@146AirliftWing\u003c/a> is also assisting with aircraft. \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AEGMAFFS?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">@AEGMAFFS\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/2N6hYeE2kp\">pic.twitter.com/2N6hYeE2kp\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Nevada Guard (@NVNationalGuard) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NVNationalGuard/status/1413234571190013952?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">July 8, 2021\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>There were reports of burned homes, but damage was still being tallied. The blaze had scorched more than 145 square miles of land, including in Plumas National Forest, and containment jumped to 46%.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A fire that began Sunday in the Sierra Nevada south of Yosemite National Park grew to nearly 15 square miles but containment increased to 15%. Four unspecified buildings were destroyed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elsewhere, a forest fire started during lightning storms in southeast Washington grew to 86 square miles. It was 20% contained Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another fire west of Winthrop, Washington, closed the scenic North Cascades Highway, the most northern route through the Cascade Range. The road provides access to North Cascades National Park and the Ross Lake National Recreation Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Idaho, Gov. Brad Little mobilized the National Guard to help fight twin lightning-sparked fires that have together charred nearly 24 square miles of dry timber in the remote, drought-stricken region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press journalist Julie Walker contributed to this report from New York.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom on Thursday asked people and businesses in the state to voluntarily cut how much water they use by 15% as the Western United States weathers a drought that is rapidly emptying reservoirs relied on for agriculture, drinking water and fish habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/07/08/as-drought-conditions-intensify-governor-newsom-calls-on-californians-to-take-simple-actions-to-conserve-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">governor’s office said\u003c/a> if Californians reduce their water usage by 15%, it could save enough to supply 1.7 million households for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, who is facing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11880180/california-recall-election-set-for-sept-14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recall election in September\u003c/a>, has so far refrained from ordering any mandatory water restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s plea for voluntary reduction in water use demonstrates the growing challenges of a drought that will only worsen throughout the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-science-cd3e6dcb4d2490ed8c2ddcd3c54f69ab\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">summer\u003c/a> and fall and is tied to more intense wildfires and heat waves. Temperatures in parts of the region are spiking again this week as firefighters battle \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/ca-state-wire-california-fires-wildfires-4a22f9e6c31ebe2bef033586d8386f68\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">several wildfires\u003c/a> in Northern California and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/or-state-wire-oregon-wildfires-fires-22d608785b85d39b0fe8607d2af29177\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">other states\u003c/a> but are less extreme than the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-climate-change-science-environment-and-nature-935be069af34aad472074d42097af85e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">record heat wave\u003c/a> that may have caused hundreds of deaths in the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-science-health-government-and-politics-environment-and-nature-ecea3ed406610f352f5e3f64850b32f0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pacific Northwest\u003c/a> and British Columbia in late June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=science_1975707 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/07/RS50215_GettyImages-1233516072-qut-1020x680.jpg']\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-droughts-government-and-politics-science-business-76709d5854394905e0f46880ed6dab9c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California’s most important reservoirs\u003c/a> are already at dangerously low levels and will likely reach historic lows later this year. Lake Oroville in Northern California is at 30% capacity, and state officials worry water levels could get so low they might have to shut down a hydroelectric plant later this year. Along the Russian River, officials fear Lake Mendocino could empty later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is jaw-dropping, what’s happening in the West Coast of the United States,” Newsom said Thursday during a news conference at Lopez Lake, a reservoir in San Luis Obispo County formed by a dam on the Arroyo Grande Creek that is at 34% capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A historic drought tied to climate change is gripping the U.S. West and comes just a few years after California declared its last dry spell over in 2016. The earlier drought in California depleted groundwater supplies and changed how people use water, with many people and businesses ripping out landscaping and replacing it with more drought-tolerant plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared to before the previous drought, urban water usage in California is down an average of 16%. But scientists say this drought is already hotter and drier than the earlier one, accelerating the impact on people and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Mediterranean climate means it doesn’t get significant rain or snow until the winter. The state relies on snowmelt in the mountains to fill its reservoirs in the spring, which then provide water for farms, homes and fish throughout the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some big storms in January made officials optimistic about avoiding water shortages this year. But the soil was so dry that instead of melting into runoff to fill rivers and reservoirs, much of the snow in the mountains instead seeped into the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we didn’t understand was we had this deepening and intensifying drought underground,” said Karla Nemeth, director of the California Department of Water Resources. “It really is the speed at which the compounding effects of climate change in soil moisture and ambient temperatures have made this drought a very different kind of drought. It’s no longer a slow-moving train wreck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how low California’s reservoirs already are, Nemeth said Newsom’s request for people to use less water is about planning for next year. The governor is asking for voluntary conservation efforts, such as taking shorter showers, running dishwashers only when they are full and reducing the frequency of watering lawns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbara Barrigan-Parrilla, executive director of Restore the Delta, a grassroots organization seeking to protect the San Francisco Bay Delta and its surrounding communities, called Newsom’s response “too little, too late.” She said her group and others warned the state at the end of 2020 to prepare for the drought, and added that Newsom has been given “bad advice” by state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They let too much of the water out of the system for industrial agriculture users,” she said. “Our water resources and public trust resources like salmon fisheries have been squandered for almonds and other unsustainable crops.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers, meanwhile, have complained about their water allocations being severely cut this year. Nemeth said the state released water from Lake Oroville largely to satisfy water quality requirements in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, formed by those two river systems that feed into the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag=\"drought\" label=\"More drought coverage\"]“We released more than we had planned because much of that water never made it to the delta — it was diverted by other water users instead,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some local governments already have imposed mandatory water restrictions. And in Oregon, Gov. Kate Brown \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/or-state-wire-droughts-dee2206521e42d939984b3ba7ab41aa1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">directed state agencies\u003c/a> this week to stop watering lawns, washing windows at their offices and running fountains that don’t recirculate water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Nevada, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/nevada-droughts-government-and-politics-environment-and-nature-3bc619e46f902b2ebb77245fcf54e22a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a new law\u003c/a> bans nearly a third of grass in the Las Vegas area, targeting ornamental turf at places like office parks and street medians. The ban does not apply to single-family homes, parks and golf courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, Newsom on Thursday also added nine more counties to an emergency drought proclamation, which now covers 50 of the state’s 58 counties and 42% of the state’s population. The newly added counties are Inyo, Marin, Mono, Monterey, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara and Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties included in the proclamation are eligible for various state actions, including suspension of some environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large cities, including Los Angeles, San Diego and San Francisco, are not included in the proclamation. But Newsom is still asking people who live in heavily populated areas to reduce their water consumption because they rely on rivers and reservoirs in drought-stricken areas for much of their supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Tara Siler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom on Thursday asked people and businesses in the state to voluntarily cut how much water they use by 15% as the Western United States weathers a drought that is rapidly emptying reservoirs relied on for agriculture, drinking water and fish habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2021/07/08/as-drought-conditions-intensify-governor-newsom-calls-on-californians-to-take-simple-actions-to-conserve-water/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">governor’s office said\u003c/a> if Californians reduce their water usage by 15%, it could save enough to supply 1.7 million households for a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Newsom, who is facing a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11880180/california-recall-election-set-for-sept-14\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">recall election in September\u003c/a>, has so far refrained from ordering any mandatory water restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The governor’s plea for voluntary reduction in water use demonstrates the growing challenges of a drought that will only worsen throughout the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-change-science-cd3e6dcb4d2490ed8c2ddcd3c54f69ab\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">summer\u003c/a> and fall and is tied to more intense wildfires and heat waves. Temperatures in parts of the region are spiking again this week as firefighters battle \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/ca-state-wire-california-fires-wildfires-4a22f9e6c31ebe2bef033586d8386f68\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">several wildfires\u003c/a> in Northern California and \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/or-state-wire-oregon-wildfires-fires-22d608785b85d39b0fe8607d2af29177\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">other states\u003c/a> but are less extreme than the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/climate-climate-change-science-environment-and-nature-935be069af34aad472074d42097af85e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">record heat wave\u003c/a> that may have caused hundreds of deaths in the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-science-health-government-and-politics-environment-and-nature-ecea3ed406610f352f5e3f64850b32f0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pacific Northwest\u003c/a> and British Columbia in late June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/california-droughts-government-and-politics-science-business-76709d5854394905e0f46880ed6dab9c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">California’s most important reservoirs\u003c/a> are already at dangerously low levels and will likely reach historic lows later this year. Lake Oroville in Northern California is at 30% capacity, and state officials worry water levels could get so low they might have to shut down a hydroelectric plant later this year. Along the Russian River, officials fear Lake Mendocino could empty later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is jaw-dropping, what’s happening in the West Coast of the United States,” Newsom said Thursday during a news conference at Lopez Lake, a reservoir in San Luis Obispo County formed by a dam on the Arroyo Grande Creek that is at 34% capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A historic drought tied to climate change is gripping the U.S. West and comes just a few years after California declared its last dry spell over in 2016. The earlier drought in California depleted groundwater supplies and changed how people use water, with many people and businesses ripping out landscaping and replacing it with more drought-tolerant plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Compared to before the previous drought, urban water usage in California is down an average of 16%. But scientists say this drought is already hotter and drier than the earlier one, accelerating the impact on people and the environment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s Mediterranean climate means it doesn’t get significant rain or snow until the winter. The state relies on snowmelt in the mountains to fill its reservoirs in the spring, which then provide water for farms, homes and fish throughout the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some big storms in January made officials optimistic about avoiding water shortages this year. But the soil was so dry that instead of melting into runoff to fill rivers and reservoirs, much of the snow in the mountains instead seeped into the ground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we didn’t understand was we had this deepening and intensifying drought underground,” said Karla Nemeth, director of the California Department of Water Resources. “It really is the speed at which the compounding effects of climate change in soil moisture and ambient temperatures have made this drought a very different kind of drought. It’s no longer a slow-moving train wreck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given how low California’s reservoirs already are, Nemeth said Newsom’s request for people to use less water is about planning for next year. The governor is asking for voluntary conservation efforts, such as taking shorter showers, running dishwashers only when they are full and reducing the frequency of watering lawns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barbara Barrigan-Parrilla, executive director of Restore the Delta, a grassroots organization seeking to protect the San Francisco Bay Delta and its surrounding communities, called Newsom’s response “too little, too late.” She said her group and others warned the state at the end of 2020 to prepare for the drought, and added that Newsom has been given “bad advice” by state officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They let too much of the water out of the system for industrial agriculture users,” she said. “Our water resources and public trust resources like salmon fisheries have been squandered for almonds and other unsustainable crops.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers, meanwhile, have complained about their water allocations being severely cut this year. Nemeth said the state released water from Lake Oroville largely to satisfy water quality requirements in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, formed by those two river systems that feed into the San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We released more than we had planned because much of that water never made it to the delta — it was diverted by other water users instead,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some local governments already have imposed mandatory water restrictions. And in Oregon, Gov. Kate Brown \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/or-state-wire-droughts-dee2206521e42d939984b3ba7ab41aa1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">directed state agencies\u003c/a> this week to stop watering lawns, washing windows at their offices and running fountains that don’t recirculate water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Nevada, \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/nevada-droughts-government-and-politics-environment-and-nature-3bc619e46f902b2ebb77245fcf54e22a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a new law\u003c/a> bans nearly a third of grass in the Las Vegas area, targeting ornamental turf at places like office parks and street medians. The ban does not apply to single-family homes, parks and golf courses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, Newsom on Thursday also added nine more counties to an emergency drought proclamation, which now covers 50 of the state’s 58 counties and 42% of the state’s population. The newly added counties are Inyo, Marin, Mono, Monterey, San Luis Obispo, San Mateo, Santa Barbara, Santa Clara and Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Counties included in the proclamation are eligible for various state actions, including suspension of some environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Large cities, including Los Angeles, San Diego and San Francisco, are not included in the proclamation. But Newsom is still asking people who live in heavily populated areas to reduce their water consumption because they rely on rivers and reservoirs in drought-stricken areas for much of their supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Tara Siler contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Eight days ago, it rained over the western Pacific Ocean near Japan. There was nothing especially remarkable about this rain event, yet it made big waves twice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it disturbed the atmosphere in just the right way to set off an undulation in the jet stream — a river of very strong winds in the upper atmosphere — that atmospheric scientists call a Rossby wave (or a planetary wave). Then the wave was guided eastward by the jet stream towards North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way the wave amplified, until it broke just like an ocean wave does when it approaches the shore. When the wave broke it created a region of high pressure that remained stationary over the North American northwest for more than a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where our innocuous rain event made waves again: The locked region of high pressure air set off one of the most extraordinary heat waves we have ever seen, smashing temperature records in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and in Western Canada as far north as the Arctic. Lytton in British Columbia hit 49.6℃ this week before suffering \u003ca href=\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-07-02/lytton-fire-record-temperatures-heat-dome-canada-heatwave/100261768\">a devastating wildfire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Makes a Heat Wave?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1975665\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/07/Camping-Wildfire-1920x1280.jpg\"]While this heat wave has been extraordinary in many ways, its birth and evolution followed a well-known sequence of events that generate heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat waves occur when there is high air pressure at ground level. The high pressure is a result of air sinking through the atmosphere. As the air descends, the pressure increases, compressing the air and heating it up, just like in a bike pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sinking air has a big warming effect: The temperature increases by 1 degree for every 100 meters the air is pushed downward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High-pressure systems are an intrinsic part of an atmospheric Rossby wave, and they travel along with the wave. Heat waves occur when the high-pressure systems stop moving and affect a particular region for a considerable time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When this happens, the warming of the air by sinking alone can be further intensified by the ground heating the air — which is especially powerful if the ground was already dry. In the Northwestern U.S. and Western Canada, heat waves are compounded by the warming produced by air sinking after it crosses the Rocky Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Rossby Waves Drive Weather\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1975549\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/06/RS49952_056_MendocinoCounty_LakeMendocinoDrought_06112021-qut-1038x576.jpg\"]This leaves two questions: What makes a high-pressure system, and why does it stop moving?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we mentioned above, a high-pressure system is usually part of a specific type of wave in the atmosphere — a Rossby wave. These waves are very common, and they form when air is displaced north or south by mountains, other weather systems or large areas of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rossby waves are the main drivers of weather outside the tropics, including the changeable weather in the southern half of Australia. Occasionally, the waves grow so large that they overturn on themselves and break. The breaking of the waves is intimately involved in making them stationary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Importantly, just as for the recent event, the seeds for the Rossby waves that trigger heat waves are located several thousands of kilometers to the west of their location. So for the Northwestern U.S., that’s the western Pacific. Australian heat waves are typically triggered by events in the Atlantic to the west of Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another important feature of heat waves is that they are often accompanied by high rainfall closer to the equator. When southeast Australia experiences heatwaves, northern Australia often experiences rain. These rain events are not just side effects, but they actively enhance and prolong heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Does Climate Change Mean for Heat Waves?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"science_1975443\" hero=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2021/06/RS50018_GettyImages-1229318331-qut-1020x680.jpg\"]Understanding the mechanics of what causes heat waves is very important if we want to know how they might change as the planet gets hotter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing Earth’s average surface temperature. However, while this average warming is the background for heat waves, the extremely high temperatures are produced by the movements of the atmosphere we talked about earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So to know how heat waves will change as our planet warms, we need to know how the changing climate affects the weather events that produce them. This is a much more difficult question than knowing the change in global average temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How will events that seed Rossby waves change? How will the jet streams change? Will more waves get big enough to break? Will high-pressure systems stay in one place for longer? Will the associated rainfall become more intense, and how might that affect the heat waves themselves?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our answers to these questions are so far somewhat rudimentary. This is largely because some of the key processes involved are too detailed to be explicitly included in current large-scale climate models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate models agree that global warming will change the position and strength of the jet streams. However, the models disagree about what will happen to Rossby waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>From Climate Change to Weather Change\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[aside label ='Related Coverage' tag='climate']There is one thing we do know for sure: We need to up our game in understanding how the \u003cem>weather\u003c/em> is changing as our planet warms, because weather is what has the biggest impact on humans and natural systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this, we will need to build computer models of the world’s climate that explicitly include some of the fine detail of weather (by fine detail, we mean anything about a kilometer in size).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This in turn will require investment in huge amounts of computing power for tools such as our national climate model, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.csiro.au/en/research/environmental-impacts/climate-change/access\">Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator\u003c/a> (ACCESS), and the computing and modelling infrastructure projects of the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) that support it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We will also need to break down the artificial boundaries between weather and climate which exist in our research, our education and our public conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/christian-jakob-5393\">Christian Jakob\u003c/a> is a professor of atmospheric science at Monash University, a public research university based in Melbourne, Australia. \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/michael-reeder-318684\">Michael Reeder\u003c/a> is a professor of earth, atmosphere and environmental sciences, also at Monash University.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article is republished from \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/\">The Conversation\u003c/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/the-north-american-heatwave-shows-we-need-to-know-how-climate-change-will-change-our-weather-163802\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Eight days ago, it rained over the western Pacific Ocean near Japan. There was nothing especially remarkable about this rain event, yet it made big waves twice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, it disturbed the atmosphere in just the right way to set off an undulation in the jet stream — a river of very strong winds in the upper atmosphere — that atmospheric scientists call a Rossby wave (or a planetary wave). Then the wave was guided eastward by the jet stream towards North America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way the wave amplified, until it broke just like an ocean wave does when it approaches the shore. When the wave broke it created a region of high pressure that remained stationary over the North American northwest for more than a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where our innocuous rain event made waves again: The locked region of high pressure air set off one of the most extraordinary heat waves we have ever seen, smashing temperature records in the Pacific Northwest of the United States and in Western Canada as far north as the Arctic. Lytton in British Columbia hit 49.6℃ this week before suffering \u003ca href=\"https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-07-02/lytton-fire-record-temperatures-heat-dome-canada-heatwave/100261768\">a devastating wildfire\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>While this heat wave has been extraordinary in many ways, its birth and evolution followed a well-known sequence of events that generate heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heat waves occur when there is high air pressure at ground level. The high pressure is a result of air sinking through the atmosphere. As the air descends, the pressure increases, compressing the air and heating it up, just like in a bike pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sinking air has a big warming effect: The temperature increases by 1 degree for every 100 meters the air is pushed downward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High-pressure systems are an intrinsic part of an atmospheric Rossby wave, and they travel along with the wave. Heat waves occur when the high-pressure systems stop moving and affect a particular region for a considerable time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When this happens, the warming of the air by sinking alone can be further intensified by the ground heating the air — which is especially powerful if the ground was already dry. In the Northwestern U.S. and Western Canada, heat waves are compounded by the warming produced by air sinking after it crosses the Rocky Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>How Rossby Waves Drive Weather\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>This leaves two questions: What makes a high-pressure system, and why does it stop moving?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we mentioned above, a high-pressure system is usually part of a specific type of wave in the atmosphere — a Rossby wave. These waves are very common, and they form when air is displaced north or south by mountains, other weather systems or large areas of rain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rossby waves are the main drivers of weather outside the tropics, including the changeable weather in the southern half of Australia. Occasionally, the waves grow so large that they overturn on themselves and break. The breaking of the waves is intimately involved in making them stationary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Importantly, just as for the recent event, the seeds for the Rossby waves that trigger heat waves are located several thousands of kilometers to the west of their location. So for the Northwestern U.S., that’s the western Pacific. Australian heat waves are typically triggered by events in the Atlantic to the west of Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another important feature of heat waves is that they are often accompanied by high rainfall closer to the equator. When southeast Australia experiences heatwaves, northern Australia often experiences rain. These rain events are not just side effects, but they actively enhance and prolong heat waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What Does Climate Change Mean for Heat Waves?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Understanding the mechanics of what causes heat waves is very important if we want to know how they might change as the planet gets hotter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing Earth’s average surface temperature. However, while this average warming is the background for heat waves, the extremely high temperatures are produced by the movements of the atmosphere we talked about earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So to know how heat waves will change as our planet warms, we need to know how the changing climate affects the weather events that produce them. This is a much more difficult question than knowing the change in global average temperature.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How will events that seed Rossby waves change? How will the jet streams change? Will more waves get big enough to break? Will high-pressure systems stay in one place for longer? Will the associated rainfall become more intense, and how might that affect the heat waves themselves?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Our answers to these questions are so far somewhat rudimentary. This is largely because some of the key processes involved are too detailed to be explicitly included in current large-scale climate models.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate models agree that global warming will change the position and strength of the jet streams. However, the models disagree about what will happen to Rossby waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>From Climate Change to Weather Change\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>There is one thing we do know for sure: We need to up our game in understanding how the \u003cem>weather\u003c/em> is changing as our planet warms, because weather is what has the biggest impact on humans and natural systems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To do this, we will need to build computer models of the world’s climate that explicitly include some of the fine detail of weather (by fine detail, we mean anything about a kilometer in size).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This in turn will require investment in huge amounts of computing power for tools such as our national climate model, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.csiro.au/en/research/environmental-impacts/climate-change/access\">Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator\u003c/a> (ACCESS), and the computing and modelling infrastructure projects of the National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) that support it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We will also need to break down the artificial boundaries between weather and climate which exist in our research, our education and our public conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/christian-jakob-5393\">Christian Jakob\u003c/a> is a professor of atmospheric science at Monash University, a public research university based in Melbourne, Australia. \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/profiles/michael-reeder-318684\">Michael Reeder\u003c/a> is a professor of earth, atmosphere and environmental sciences, also at Monash University.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article is republished from \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/\">The Conversation\u003c/a> under a Creative Commons license. Read the \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/the-north-american-heatwave-shows-we-need-to-know-how-climate-change-will-change-our-weather-163802\">original article\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
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},
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"order": 1
},
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
},
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
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"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
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