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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Monday, June 8, 2026\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California scientists are nervous about the fate of sea life, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2001047/scientists-worry-el-nino-could-supercharge-marine-heat-wave-roiling-coastal-california\">could face a double whammy of warming water later this year.\u003c/a> Coastal waters have already warmed during an ongoing marine heat wave and could warm further if a potential super El Niño materializes. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s been nearly a week since California’s primary election and a handful of races remain too close to call. That includes in Los Angeles where the latest vote count on Sunday shows Democrat \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/politics/la-mayor-race-second-place-raman-pratt-bass-runoff\">Nithya Raman overtaking Republican Spencer Pratt\u003c/a> for second place in the LA Mayor’s race.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hundreds of residents of Orange Cove in rural, eastern Fresno County are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2026-06-05/rural-fresno-county-residents-push-back-against-pilot-climate-program-ahead-of-june-decision\">speaking out against a clean energy trial\u003c/a> that city leaders agreed to. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2 class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-Title-__Title__title\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2001047/scientists-worry-el-nino-could-supercharge-marine-heat-wave-roiling-coastal-california\">\u003cstrong>Scientists worry El Niño could supercharge marine heat wave roiling coastal California\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s the seventh marine heat wave off California’s coast in the last seven years and this year, it could be amplified by a developing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12083376/an-incoming-super-el-nino-may-bring-california-a-wet-hot-winter\">super El Niño\u003c/a>, which has the potential to raise sea surface temperatures even higher. This combined influence could disrupt ecosystems, harm or kill local marine life and attract other species north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With El Niño, the fear is that the kelp that persisted [past the marine heat wave] may now decline, and recovering kelp may not get a chance to get back to what they were before,” said Dr. Anita Giraldo Ospina, principal investigator of coastal ecosystems at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12059734/monterey-bay-aquarium-revives-30-year-old-otter-tee-worn-by-taylor-swift\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a>. She’s part of ongoing research projects into how kelp species are repopulating the area. She collects kelp spores and tiny baby urchin from glass slides and rectangular broom heads anchored to the seafloor and stores them in plastic bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baby kelp need cold, nutrient rich water to mature into tall, strong adult stipes. Giraldo Ospina worries that a massive, ongoing \u003ca href=\"https://omny.fm/shows/kqed-segmented-audio/a-heat-wave-in-the-pacific-ocean-is-killing-birds-on-cas-coast\">marine heat wave\u003c/a>, which has already raised coastal waters \u003ca href=\"https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/west-coast-waters-experiencing-another-large-marine-heatwave\">by 3 to 4 degrees Fahrenheit\u003c/a>, could disrupt efforts to regrow kelp forests vital to the Monterey Bay ecosystem, depending on how warm it becomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But kelp isn’t the only species being impacted. Even a few degrees of warming can set an ecosystem out of whack and lead to the die-off of almost entire populations. As of May 20, the International Bird Rescue in Fairfield has treated \u003ca href=\"https://www.birdrescue.org/2026-california-starvation-event/\">288 starving birds\u003c/a>, including brown pelicans, cormorants and common murres. “They are the same birds people are reporting finding dead on beaches, especially in Southern California, but now in Northern California as well,” said JD Bergeron, the group’s CEO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bergeron said one theory is that small schooling fish — favorite food for shore birds — are seeking colder water deeper in the ocean, beyond the birds’ reach. So they do not have enough food to eat. “We have had very regular concerns with brown pelican starvation events, but this one does feel a little bit different,” Bergeron said. “We’re seeing a lot more dead birds than living ones being found.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current ocean warming \u003ca href=\"https://www.integratedecosystemassessment.noaa.gov/regions/california-current/california-current-marine-heatwave-tracker-blobtracker\">began last May\u003c/a> near Eastern Asia and spread across the Pacific. Some waters have had little break since mid-2025, with more than 200 days of elevated temperatures, according to researchers with Climate Central, who said \u003ca href=\"https://www.climatecentral.org/climate-shift-index-alert/severe-marine-heatwave-climate-change-California-Mexico\">human-caused climate change has significantly intensified the marine heat wave\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up to 45% of the ocean impacted “is experiencing conditions that are at least six times more likely due to human-caused warming,” Climate Central said. Without climate change, they wrote, the heat wave’s footprint would be 36% smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An El Niño event can weaken winds and slow the upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water, which could further intensify the marine heat wave. Without that strong mixing, warm water lingers at the surface, causing temperatures to spike. “All the ingredients are there for a strong El Niño,” said Tom Di Liberto, media director and climate scientist with Climate Central. “If you’re making cookies, you’ve already mixed the dough, but haven’t baked them yet. We still have to wait to see if, in the summer months, these cookies get put in the oven to see if we have that strong El Niño form.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/politics/la-mayor-race-second-place-raman-pratt-bass-runoff\">\u003cstrong>Raman takes slight lead over Pratt for second place in LA Mayor’s race\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles mayoral candidate Nithya Raman gained enough votes by Sunday evening to edge out reality TV personality Spencer Pratt, putting her in second-place for now in the closely-watched race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The L.A. City Council member and the reality star are separated by about 3,100 votes in the race for a runoff spot against incumbent Mayor Karen Bass in November. Votes are still being counted, and the L.A. County Registrar of Voters will receive ballots postmarked by Election Day up until seven days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On election night, Pratt had collected enough votes to put him squarely in the second spot, with a significant lead over Raman. But by late Friday, Raman had gone from just over 20% of the vote on election night to about 25%. Meanwhile, Pratt lost a couple of percentage points since Tuesday night’s early returns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Mitchell, a Democratic strategist whose company tracks ballot return data, said Republicans were reflected heavily in the early returns, but as the vote counts continues, more Democrats will be represented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>L.A. County election officials said they \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://content.lavote.gov/docs/rrcc/documents/canvass-update-schedule-06022026-5-29-update.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>plan to release\u003c/u>\u003c/a> new vote count results every day until June 12, and regular updates until June 26. The county’s final official results must be certified by July 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"ArtP-headline\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2026-06-05/rural-fresno-county-residents-push-back-against-pilot-climate-program-ahead-of-june-decision\">\u003cstrong>Rural Fresno County residents push back against pilot climate program ahead of June decision\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In rural eastern Fresno County, a growing number of Orange Cove residents are speaking out after they say they were volunteered for a controversial clean-energy trial without their consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 650 of them — nearly 20% of the electorate — signed a petition presented to the city council April 22 that voiced their opposition to the city’s participation in a short-term hydrogen blending project planned by the Southern California Gas Co.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During public comment at the council meeting, several members of the citizen’s group Orange Cove United urged city leaders to hear their concerns regarding the potentially detrimental health and safety impacts associated with a demonstration project that would change the chemical composition of the natural gas piped to the stoves, furnaces and water heaters in their homes. “I’m asking you to withdraw your support, please,” Orange Cove resident Estela Juarez implored council members during the meeting. “Please listen to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2022 SoCalGas, along with three other of the state’s investor-owned utility companies, petitioned the California Public Utilities Commission to begin blending hydrogen with natural gas into the existing gas infrastructure of select municipalities as a way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Because hydrogen releases only water and heat when burned, it is considered a “clean” fuel. That’s opposed to natural gas, which is primarily made up of methane, a hydrocarbon that contributes to climate pollution by emitting carbon dioxide when burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2024, SoCalGas announced it had chosen the isolated farm town of Orange Cove in eastern Fresno County as the site for one of its demonstration projects. One month later, without informing residents, the city council unanimously passed a resolution directing city staff to work with the utility company on its development. Plans call for SoCalGas to construct a hydrogen blending facility on an open parcel of land adjacent to the Orange Cove High School football field for the purpose of injecting natural gas with up to 5% hydrogen gas and delivering it to the city’s utility customers. The $85 million project would be funded by ratepayers. At the conclusion of the 18-month trial, the city would return to 100% natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen blending is not a new concept. Mixing hydrogen with natural gas — up to 20% hydrogen in some places — is already occurring or being tested in roughly a dozen states and several foreign countries. However, despite both observed and theoretical benefits, the practice has not been universally hailed as a climate change solution due to several potential drawbacks. For residential gas consumers, the most worrisome are needless threats to health and safety while at home in their supposed safe space. Researchers at the University of York in Great Britain, where hydrogen blending has been in use since the 2010s, have shown that hydrogen-blended natural gas can increase methane emissions that can exacerbate asthma and have also been linked to other respiratory illnesses — especially when used in older appliances.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Monday, June 8, 2026\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California scientists are nervous about the fate of sea life, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2001047/scientists-worry-el-nino-could-supercharge-marine-heat-wave-roiling-coastal-california\">could face a double whammy of warming water later this year.\u003c/a> Coastal waters have already warmed during an ongoing marine heat wave and could warm further if a potential super El Niño materializes. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">It’s been nearly a week since California’s primary election and a handful of races remain too close to call. That includes in Los Angeles where the latest vote count on Sunday shows Democrat \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/politics/la-mayor-race-second-place-raman-pratt-bass-runoff\">Nithya Raman overtaking Republican Spencer Pratt\u003c/a> for second place in the LA Mayor’s race.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Hundreds of residents of Orange Cove in rural, eastern Fresno County are \u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2026-06-05/rural-fresno-county-residents-push-back-against-pilot-climate-program-ahead-of-june-decision\">speaking out against a clean energy trial\u003c/a> that city leaders agreed to. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2 class=\"routes-Site-routes-Post-Title-__Title__title\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/2001047/scientists-worry-el-nino-could-supercharge-marine-heat-wave-roiling-coastal-california\">\u003cstrong>Scientists worry El Niño could supercharge marine heat wave roiling coastal California\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s the seventh marine heat wave off California’s coast in the last seven years and this year, it could be amplified by a developing \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12083376/an-incoming-super-el-nino-may-bring-california-a-wet-hot-winter\">super El Niño\u003c/a>, which has the potential to raise sea surface temperatures even higher. This combined influence could disrupt ecosystems, harm or kill local marine life and attract other species north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“With El Niño, the fear is that the kelp that persisted [past the marine heat wave] may now decline, and recovering kelp may not get a chance to get back to what they were before,” said Dr. Anita Giraldo Ospina, principal investigator of coastal ecosystems at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12059734/monterey-bay-aquarium-revives-30-year-old-otter-tee-worn-by-taylor-swift\">Monterey Bay Aquarium\u003c/a>. She’s part of ongoing research projects into how kelp species are repopulating the area. She collects kelp spores and tiny baby urchin from glass slides and rectangular broom heads anchored to the seafloor and stores them in plastic bags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baby kelp need cold, nutrient rich water to mature into tall, strong adult stipes. Giraldo Ospina worries that a massive, ongoing \u003ca href=\"https://omny.fm/shows/kqed-segmented-audio/a-heat-wave-in-the-pacific-ocean-is-killing-birds-on-cas-coast\">marine heat wave\u003c/a>, which has already raised coastal waters \u003ca href=\"https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/west-coast-waters-experiencing-another-large-marine-heatwave\">by 3 to 4 degrees Fahrenheit\u003c/a>, could disrupt efforts to regrow kelp forests vital to the Monterey Bay ecosystem, depending on how warm it becomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But kelp isn’t the only species being impacted. Even a few degrees of warming can set an ecosystem out of whack and lead to the die-off of almost entire populations. As of May 20, the International Bird Rescue in Fairfield has treated \u003ca href=\"https://www.birdrescue.org/2026-california-starvation-event/\">288 starving birds\u003c/a>, including brown pelicans, cormorants and common murres. “They are the same birds people are reporting finding dead on beaches, especially in Southern California, but now in Northern California as well,” said JD Bergeron, the group’s CEO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bergeron said one theory is that small schooling fish — favorite food for shore birds — are seeking colder water deeper in the ocean, beyond the birds’ reach. So they do not have enough food to eat. “We have had very regular concerns with brown pelican starvation events, but this one does feel a little bit different,” Bergeron said. “We’re seeing a lot more dead birds than living ones being found.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current ocean warming \u003ca href=\"https://www.integratedecosystemassessment.noaa.gov/regions/california-current/california-current-marine-heatwave-tracker-blobtracker\">began last May\u003c/a> near Eastern Asia and spread across the Pacific. Some waters have had little break since mid-2025, with more than 200 days of elevated temperatures, according to researchers with Climate Central, who said \u003ca href=\"https://www.climatecentral.org/climate-shift-index-alert/severe-marine-heatwave-climate-change-California-Mexico\">human-caused climate change has significantly intensified the marine heat wave\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up to 45% of the ocean impacted “is experiencing conditions that are at least six times more likely due to human-caused warming,” Climate Central said. Without climate change, they wrote, the heat wave’s footprint would be 36% smaller.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An El Niño event can weaken winds and slow the upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water, which could further intensify the marine heat wave. Without that strong mixing, warm water lingers at the surface, causing temperatures to spike. “All the ingredients are there for a strong El Niño,” said Tom Di Liberto, media director and climate scientist with Climate Central. “If you’re making cookies, you’ve already mixed the dough, but haven’t baked them yet. We still have to wait to see if, in the summer months, these cookies get put in the oven to see if we have that strong El Niño form.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/politics/la-mayor-race-second-place-raman-pratt-bass-runoff\">\u003cstrong>Raman takes slight lead over Pratt for second place in LA Mayor’s race\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles mayoral candidate Nithya Raman gained enough votes by Sunday evening to edge out reality TV personality Spencer Pratt, putting her in second-place for now in the closely-watched race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The L.A. City Council member and the reality star are separated by about 3,100 votes in the race for a runoff spot against incumbent Mayor Karen Bass in November. Votes are still being counted, and the L.A. County Registrar of Voters will receive ballots postmarked by Election Day up until seven days later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On election night, Pratt had collected enough votes to put him squarely in the second spot, with a significant lead over Raman. But by late Friday, Raman had gone from just over 20% of the vote on election night to about 25%. Meanwhile, Pratt lost a couple of percentage points since Tuesday night’s early returns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul Mitchell, a Democratic strategist whose company tracks ballot return data, said Republicans were reflected heavily in the early returns, but as the vote counts continues, more Democrats will be represented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>L.A. County election officials said they \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://content.lavote.gov/docs/rrcc/documents/canvass-update-schedule-06022026-5-29-update.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>plan to release\u003c/u>\u003c/a> new vote count results every day until June 12, and regular updates until June 26. The county’s final official results must be certified by July 2.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"ArtP-headline\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kvpr.org/local-news/2026-06-05/rural-fresno-county-residents-push-back-against-pilot-climate-program-ahead-of-june-decision\">\u003cstrong>Rural Fresno County residents push back against pilot climate program ahead of June decision\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In rural eastern Fresno County, a growing number of Orange Cove residents are speaking out after they say they were volunteered for a controversial clean-energy trial without their consent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 650 of them — nearly 20% of the electorate — signed a petition presented to the city council April 22 that voiced their opposition to the city’s participation in a short-term hydrogen blending project planned by the Southern California Gas Co.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During public comment at the council meeting, several members of the citizen’s group Orange Cove United urged city leaders to hear their concerns regarding the potentially detrimental health and safety impacts associated with a demonstration project that would change the chemical composition of the natural gas piped to the stoves, furnaces and water heaters in their homes. “I’m asking you to withdraw your support, please,” Orange Cove resident Estela Juarez implored council members during the meeting. “Please listen to us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2022 SoCalGas, along with three other of the state’s investor-owned utility companies, petitioned the California Public Utilities Commission to begin blending hydrogen with natural gas into the existing gas infrastructure of select municipalities as a way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Because hydrogen releases only water and heat when burned, it is considered a “clean” fuel. That’s opposed to natural gas, which is primarily made up of methane, a hydrocarbon that contributes to climate pollution by emitting carbon dioxide when burned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In February 2024, SoCalGas announced it had chosen the isolated farm town of Orange Cove in eastern Fresno County as the site for one of its demonstration projects. One month later, without informing residents, the city council unanimously passed a resolution directing city staff to work with the utility company on its development. Plans call for SoCalGas to construct a hydrogen blending facility on an open parcel of land adjacent to the Orange Cove High School football field for the purpose of injecting natural gas with up to 5% hydrogen gas and delivering it to the city’s utility customers. The $85 million project would be funded by ratepayers. At the conclusion of the 18-month trial, the city would return to 100% natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydrogen blending is not a new concept. Mixing hydrogen with natural gas — up to 20% hydrogen in some places — is already occurring or being tested in roughly a dozen states and several foreign countries. However, despite both observed and theoretical benefits, the practice has not been universally hailed as a climate change solution due to several potential drawbacks. For residential gas consumers, the most worrisome are needless threats to health and safety while at home in their supposed safe space. Researchers at the University of York in Great Britain, where hydrogen blending has been in use since the 2010s, have shown that hydrogen-blended natural gas can increase methane emissions that can exacerbate asthma and have also been linked to other respiratory illnesses — especially when used in older appliances.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Thursday, April 30, 2026\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California lawmakers are considering new rules for electric bikes as \u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2026/04/27/why-e-bike-advocates-say-californias-crackdown-may-not-solve-the-biggest-safety-risks/\">safety concerns grow on roads and trails.\u003c/a> But experts say much of the data behind those concerns is misleading. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://news.ucsc.edu/2026/04/california-trees-habitat-loss/\">New research from UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a> shows climate change is a bigger threat to California’s native trees than previously thought. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To the north of the Imperial Valley, another battleground is emerging in the\u003ca href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/environment/2026/04/27/coachella-residents-call-for-data-center-moratorium-as-debate-expands-across-southern-california\"> debate over AI data centers\u003c/a>. Residents are pushing back against a large data center campus in the city of Coachella.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2 class=\"page-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2026/04/27/why-e-bike-advocates-say-californias-crackdown-may-not-solve-the-biggest-safety-risks/\">\u003cstrong>Why e-bike advocates say California’s crackdown may not solve the biggest safety risks\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Two cyclists speed past members of the American River Bike Patrol blasting music from portable speakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Never too late for a helmet,” Vic Massenkoff with the patrol yells as they pass by. It’s clear to Massenkoff the riders are on electric motorcycles which are illegal on the trail. But the patrol is a volunteer group, not an enforcement agency, so warnings and polite suggestions are often the only tools available along Sacramento’s American River Parkway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately, members say they’ve been seeing more of these higher-powered devices, often referred to as “e-motos.” “They go so fast that we can’t talk to them,” said John Poimroo, director for the patrol. “We’ll wave, ‘Hey, slow down,’ and they’re just off.” The speed limit on the trail is 15 mph, which even legal e-bikes can easily exceed. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH§ionNum=312.5.\">California allows\u003c/a> Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes to assist riders up to 20 mph, while Class 3 bikes can assist up to 28 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But electric motorcycles — often referred to as e-motos — can go much faster. Some exceed the state’s limits as sold while others can be modified to do so. Many of them are referred to as e-bikes despite not meeting the state’s definition. Marketing for these e-motos tends to focus on youth. That distinction is central to a growing debate at the California Capitol, where lawmakers are considering several bills to improve e-bike safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marc Piazza is the commander for the Sacramento Regional Park Rangers. He said legal e-bikes haven’t been much of an issue on the trail. “It’s not the e-bikes, it’s the e-motorcycles,” he said. “Totally different classification.” Much of the available injury data relies on law enforcement and hospital reporting that does not clearly distinguish between legal e-bikes and more powerful devices. That’s concerning for Asha Weinsteing Agrawal, education director for the Mineta Transportation Institute at San Jose State University. She recently led a state-commissioned \u003ca href=\"https://transweb.sjsu.edu/press/MTI-Electric-Bicycle-Safety-Study-Identifies-Illegal-Over-Powered-Devices-Key-Problem\">study\u003c/a> on e-bike safety. “None of these people are digging into whether this was a legal or illegal e-bike or what class of legal e-bike it might have been,” she said. “Like the general public, they hear the word e-bike and that’s enough. They write it down and they go on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means some injuries and crashes attributed to e-bikes may have involved devices that are not legal e-bikes at all. “The e-motos are absolutely a key safety concern, there is no doubt about that,” Weinsteing Agrawal said. “What unfortunately we don’t have enough data to really know is, ‘Are the legal e-bikes a safety concern?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2026-04-27/climate-change-could-create-zombie-forests-bill-would-help-seniors-reduce-wildfire-risk\">\u003cb>Climate change puts native trees at risk\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>New research from UC Santa Cruz shows climate change is a greater threat to California’s native trees than previously thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.70866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The study\u003c/a> estimates in the next 30 years some species may lose as much as half of their habitat. Lead author Blair McLaughlin said the rising temperatures and droughts that come with climate change increase water stress. ”It can also lead to higher vulnerability to pests and disease,” she said. “And it can also lead to more frequent and severe wildfires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some places, this could create what’s called “zombie forests,” where hardier adult trees remain but can’t produce seedlings. Joshua trees, certain oaks and madrones are a few of the vulnerable species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McLaughlin said maintaining groundwater levels and careful planning can help prevent loss. ” For example, that would be to do things like make sure that we aren’t putting new developments in the limited areas that are likely to support these threatened species into the future,” she said. She adds addressing climate change and supporting ecosystem stewards like indigenous tribes and ranching communities is vital.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"ArticlePage-headline\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/environment/2026/04/27/coachella-residents-call-for-data-center-moratorium-as-debate-expands-across-southern-california\">\u003cstrong>Coachella residents call for data center moratorium as debate expands across Southern California\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>An hour’s drive north of the Imperial Valley, a new battleground is emerging in California’s debate over data centers and artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coachella Valley, known for its \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.coachella.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>famed music festival\u003c/u>\u003c/a> and \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.hcn.org/issues/55-10/agriculture-how-the-coachella-valley-became-known-for-its-dates/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>date palm farms\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, is now the planned site for a massive 240-acre technology campus that includes a large data center project. The campus would be built in the city of Coachella, a small, largely working-class city where 97% of residents identify as Latino. It would be a key part of the city’s ongoing efforts to \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.desertsun.com/story/money/business/2026/04/17/coachella-data-center-controversy-where-when/89542742007/?gnt-cfr=1&gca-cat=p&gca-uir=true&gca-epti=z11xx59p118550l115750c118550e007700v11xx59d--31--b--31--&gca-ft=6&gca-ds=sophi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>create its own energy utility\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1377919637698791&set=a.221352513355515\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>statement\u003c/u>\u003c/a> earlier this month, city officials said they haven’t approved the project yet and that it will need an environmental impact report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents of Coachella and elsewhere in the valley are pushing back against the project, raising fears about energy and water needs, noise and air pollution. At a City Council meeting last week, Coachella resident Stephanie Ambriz called on city officials to institute a moratorium on data center development. “We have made it abundantly clear that we don’t want or need this project,” Ambriz said. “You can build a utility without data centers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate in the Coachella Valley comes after months of fiery opposition from residents against a \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/environment/2026/04/07/imperial-county-supervisors-clear-path-for-massive-data-center-complex-amid-fierce-opposition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>massive data center project in the Imperial Valley\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, south of the Salton Sea. The two developments fit into an emerging trend of data centers being proposed in rural communities. Earlier this month, an \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2026/04/13/most-new-data-centers-in-the-us-are-coming-to-rural-areas/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>analysis by the Pew Research Center\u003c/u>\u003c/a> found that the vast majority of existing data centers are in urban centers. But more than two thirds of planned data centers are coming to rural areas.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Thursday, April 30, 2026\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">California lawmakers are considering new rules for electric bikes as \u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2026/04/27/why-e-bike-advocates-say-californias-crackdown-may-not-solve-the-biggest-safety-risks/\">safety concerns grow on roads and trails.\u003c/a> But experts say much of the data behind those concerns is misleading. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"https://news.ucsc.edu/2026/04/california-trees-habitat-loss/\">New research from UC Santa Cruz\u003c/a> shows climate change is a bigger threat to California’s native trees than previously thought. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To the north of the Imperial Valley, another battleground is emerging in the\u003ca href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/environment/2026/04/27/coachella-residents-call-for-data-center-moratorium-as-debate-expands-across-southern-california\"> debate over AI data centers\u003c/a>. Residents are pushing back against a large data center campus in the city of Coachella.\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2 class=\"page-title\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.capradio.org/articles/2026/04/27/why-e-bike-advocates-say-californias-crackdown-may-not-solve-the-biggest-safety-risks/\">\u003cstrong>Why e-bike advocates say California’s crackdown may not solve the biggest safety risks\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Two cyclists speed past members of the American River Bike Patrol blasting music from portable speakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Never too late for a helmet,” Vic Massenkoff with the patrol yells as they pass by. It’s clear to Massenkoff the riders are on electric motorcycles which are illegal on the trail. But the patrol is a volunteer group, not an enforcement agency, so warnings and polite suggestions are often the only tools available along Sacramento’s American River Parkway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lately, members say they’ve been seeing more of these higher-powered devices, often referred to as “e-motos.” “They go so fast that we can’t talk to them,” said John Poimroo, director for the patrol. “We’ll wave, ‘Hey, slow down,’ and they’re just off.” The speed limit on the trail is 15 mph, which even legal e-bikes can easily exceed. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH§ionNum=312.5.\">California allows\u003c/a> Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes to assist riders up to 20 mph, while Class 3 bikes can assist up to 28 mph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But electric motorcycles — often referred to as e-motos — can go much faster. Some exceed the state’s limits as sold while others can be modified to do so. Many of them are referred to as e-bikes despite not meeting the state’s definition. Marketing for these e-motos tends to focus on youth. That distinction is central to a growing debate at the California Capitol, where lawmakers are considering several bills to improve e-bike safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marc Piazza is the commander for the Sacramento Regional Park Rangers. He said legal e-bikes haven’t been much of an issue on the trail. “It’s not the e-bikes, it’s the e-motorcycles,” he said. “Totally different classification.” Much of the available injury data relies on law enforcement and hospital reporting that does not clearly distinguish between legal e-bikes and more powerful devices. That’s concerning for Asha Weinsteing Agrawal, education director for the Mineta Transportation Institute at San Jose State University. She recently led a state-commissioned \u003ca href=\"https://transweb.sjsu.edu/press/MTI-Electric-Bicycle-Safety-Study-Identifies-Illegal-Over-Powered-Devices-Key-Problem\">study\u003c/a> on e-bike safety. “None of these people are digging into whether this was a legal or illegal e-bike or what class of legal e-bike it might have been,” she said. “Like the general public, they hear the word e-bike and that’s enough. They write it down and they go on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means some injuries and crashes attributed to e-bikes may have involved devices that are not legal e-bikes at all. “The e-motos are absolutely a key safety concern, there is no doubt about that,” Weinsteing Agrawal said. “What unfortunately we don’t have enough data to really know is, ‘Are the legal e-bikes a safety concern?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kazu.org/kazu-news/2026-04-27/climate-change-could-create-zombie-forests-bill-would-help-seniors-reduce-wildfire-risk\">\u003cb>Climate change puts native trees at risk\u003c/b>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>New research from UC Santa Cruz shows climate change is a greater threat to California’s native trees than previously thought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/gcb.70866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The study\u003c/a> estimates in the next 30 years some species may lose as much as half of their habitat. Lead author Blair McLaughlin said the rising temperatures and droughts that come with climate change increase water stress. ”It can also lead to higher vulnerability to pests and disease,” she said. “And it can also lead to more frequent and severe wildfires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some places, this could create what’s called “zombie forests,” where hardier adult trees remain but can’t produce seedlings. Joshua trees, certain oaks and madrones are a few of the vulnerable species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McLaughlin said maintaining groundwater levels and careful planning can help prevent loss. ” For example, that would be to do things like make sure that we aren’t putting new developments in the limited areas that are likely to support these threatened species into the future,” she said. She adds addressing climate change and supporting ecosystem stewards like indigenous tribes and ranching communities is vital.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"ArticlePage-headline\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/environment/2026/04/27/coachella-residents-call-for-data-center-moratorium-as-debate-expands-across-southern-california\">\u003cstrong>Coachella residents call for data center moratorium as debate expands across Southern California\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>An hour’s drive north of the Imperial Valley, a new battleground is emerging in California’s debate over data centers and artificial intelligence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coachella Valley, known for its \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.coachella.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>famed music festival\u003c/u>\u003c/a> and \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.hcn.org/issues/55-10/agriculture-how-the-coachella-valley-became-known-for-its-dates/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>date palm farms\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, is now the planned site for a massive 240-acre technology campus that includes a large data center project. The campus would be built in the city of Coachella, a small, largely working-class city where 97% of residents identify as Latino. It would be a key part of the city’s ongoing efforts to \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.desertsun.com/story/money/business/2026/04/17/coachella-data-center-controversy-where-when/89542742007/?gnt-cfr=1&gca-cat=p&gca-uir=true&gca-epti=z11xx59p118550l115750c118550e007700v11xx59d--31--b--31--&gca-ft=6&gca-ds=sophi\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>create its own energy utility\u003c/u>\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo?fbid=1377919637698791&set=a.221352513355515\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>statement\u003c/u>\u003c/a> earlier this month, city officials said they haven’t approved the project yet and that it will need an environmental impact report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents of Coachella and elsewhere in the valley are pushing back against the project, raising fears about energy and water needs, noise and air pollution. At a City Council meeting last week, Coachella resident Stephanie Ambriz called on city officials to institute a moratorium on data center development. “We have made it abundantly clear that we don’t want or need this project,” Ambriz said. “You can build a utility without data centers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The debate in the Coachella Valley comes after months of fiery opposition from residents against a \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.kpbs.org/news/environment/2026/04/07/imperial-county-supervisors-clear-path-for-massive-data-center-complex-amid-fierce-opposition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>massive data center project in the Imperial Valley\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, south of the Salton Sea. The two developments fit into an emerging trend of data centers being proposed in rural communities. Earlier this month, an \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2026/04/13/most-new-data-centers-in-the-us-are-coming-to-rural-areas/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-cms-ai=\"0\">\u003cu>analysis by the Pew Research Center\u003c/u>\u003c/a> found that the vast majority of existing data centers are in urban centers. But more than two thirds of planned data centers are coming to rural areas.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "the-bay-areas-famous-redwood-trees-are-struggling",
"title": "The Bay Area's Famous Redwood Trees Are Struggling",
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"headTitle": "The Bay Area’s Famous Redwood Trees Are Struggling | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"#Viewthefullepisodetranscript\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally published in June of 2023. It has been lightly updated for republication.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were many things Bay Curious listener Julie Menter loved about her Oakland home when she first moved there in 2017. Chief among them were the three towering redwood trees in her backyard, which Menter estimated had been there longer than the house itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, one of the trees started to look sick. It had lost almost all of its leaves and, despite Menter watering it, it wasn’t bouncing back. So Menter and her husband decided it had to come down. [baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was so sad,” she said. “And I think it’s sad both for the tree because they’re such beautiful trees, they’re so old and majestic. But also scary to be like, ‘Whoa, this tree is not doing well, the one next to it isn’t, the ones in my neighborhood don’t seem to be doing well.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s noticed, not just in her backyard but all around Oakland, redwood trees are looking dry and scraggly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I’m wondering, is something happening to the redwood trees in the Bay Area? And if so, what is it and is there anything we can do about it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Magical trees\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To answer Menter’s question, we first have to understand why redwood trees are unique to the Bay Area. Coast redwoods — which we’re focusing on for this story — stretch up and down the Northern California coast and grow no more than 50 miles from the coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think I fully appreciated the redwoods until I went away to school and then came back as an adult,” said Deborah Zierten, an educator with \u003ca href=\"https://www.savetheredwoods.org/\">Save the Redwoods League\u003c/a>. “This was the place that I would hike to clear my head. So it is a very special place for me here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quiet, cool, almost prehistoric feel of these redwood forests have provided solace to humans for millennia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earliest redwood trees existed more than 200 million years ago alongside dinosaurs in the Jurassic period. Their natural range has shrunk a lot in that time, however. Now they live primarily along the coast between Big Sur and the California-Oregon border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11953536\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/redwood-logging.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11953536\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/redwood-logging-800x610.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white archival photo shows loggers standing around and laying in a notch cut into a massive redwood tree as the prepare to fell it. The tree may be around 20 feet in diameter and of unknown height, though it could be as tall as 300 feet.\" width=\"800\" height=\"610\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/redwood-logging-800x610.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/redwood-logging-1020x778.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/redwood-logging-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/redwood-logging.jpg 1160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the early 20th century, redwoods endured a period of intense logging activity. Most of the redwoods you see today have grown since that period, and pale in comparison to the massive size of the trees that once stood along the California coast. \u003ccite>(Ericson Collection/Humboldt State University Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their range used to extend more broadly, until they endured a period of \u003ca href=\"https://www.savetheredwoods.org/about-us/mission-history/redwoods-timeline/\">severe logging in the late 19th century\u003c/a>. After the Gold Rush, San Francisco was booming and timber was in high demand. Millions of trees were logged and used to build homes and other structures around the Bay Area. Most of the trees here now have grown since then. Even by conservative estimates we’ve lost about 90 percent of what once was. Now, California is down to about 100,000 acres of old growth redwood forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps their most identifiable feature — besides their reddish-brown bark — is their height. They can grow up to 300 feet tall, a feat that requires some teamwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things that makes redwoods so unique is that they actually hold hands with their roots underneath the ground, and that’s how they’re able to grow to be so tall and not fall down, is that they help each other,” said Zierten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their shallow but wide root systems allow them to grow to be the tallest trees on the planet. And the intertwining of their roots helps them exchange nutrients with one another. Their trunks can grow to be immense, up to nearly 30 feet in diameter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwoods can live a very long time, too. In fact, some of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/shirley/sec11.htm\">oldest coastal redwoods\u003c/a> today were alive during the Roman Empire. Those stands of \u003ca href=\"https://sempervirens.org/news/old-growth-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/#:~:text=What%20Is%20The,redwood%E2%80%99s%20highest%20reaches.\">old-growth redwoods\u003c/a>, which now account for only 5% of all redwood trees, can \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=26107#\">store more carbon\u003c/a> than any other forest on the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have unique ways of reproducing. They produce seeds, like any other tree, but they can also sprout new trees from their roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, often you will find them in circles that we call fairy rings. Because if a parent tree gets hurt or injured, it will send out these baby sprouts into these circles. And it’s kind of like a little family growing,” said Zierten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11953639\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Deborah-without-kids-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11953639\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Deborah-without-kids-800x845.jpg\" alt=\"A child dressing in a redwood tree costumes stands next to a woman in a bright blue sweater. In the background, a redwood forest is visible.\" width=\"800\" height=\"845\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Deborah-without-kids-800x845.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Deborah-without-kids-1020x1077.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Deborah-without-kids-160x169.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Deborah-without-kids-1455x1536.jpg 1455w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Deborah-without-kids-1940x2048.jpg 1940w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Deborah-without-kids-1920x2027.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deborah Zierten teaches a group of fifth graders about redwood trees in Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Dana Cronin/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Redwoods prefer cool, moist climates, which is why they’re now primarily found in Northern California. In the summer months, when there’s a lack of rainfall, redwood trees rely on another iconic California phenomenon: coastal fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost like a sponge sucking in that water,” Zierten said. “Then when their needles get full, also like a sponge, any of that excess water will drip to the ground. And it’s almost as if they’re creating their own rain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve adapted to other characteristics of this region, including wildfires. Take the 2020 CZU Lightning Complex fires, for example, which burned through most of Big Basin Redwoods State Park near Santa Cruz. Three years later, that forest is green again and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11835124/some-good-news-many-of-big-basins-ancient-redwoods-appear-to-have-survived\">the old-growth redwood trees there are still standing strong\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now many redwood forests — including 80% of the surviving old-growth trees — are protected either by state and local governments or nonprofits, like Zierten’s Save the Redwoods League.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New challenges\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s not just Menter’s imagination: Redwood trees are indeed struggling across the Bay Area.[emailsignup newslettername=\"baycurious\" align=\"right\"]“If you look up now, in most urban areas, I think everybody can pretty much see that there’s some tops that are dying back. There’s a lot of brown foliage in the crowns of these trees,” said \u003ca href=\"https://ib.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/dawsont\">Todd Dawson\u003c/a>, an environmental scientist at UC Berkeley who has been studying redwoods for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason for that suffering is urbanization and the subsequent proliferation of concrete and pollution. Roadways and sidewalks, in particular, are impinging on redwoods’ root systems, essentially suffocating them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Concrete has] a very, very negative impact on the ability of that tree to get the water it needs, get the nutrients it needs,” said Dawson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to urbanization, climate change is wreaking havoc on redwood trees’ ideal growing conditions. Coastal fog, for example, upon which redwood trees rely for water, is on the decline. In fact, since the 1950s, Dawson said, fog has declined about 30% during the summertime, when redwoods really need it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11953610\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/IMG_5107-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11953610\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/IMG_5107-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Tall, bright green redwood trees and ferns surround a hiking path. The air is misty and grey.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/IMG_5107-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/IMG_5107-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/IMG_5107-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/IMG_5107-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/IMG_5107-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/IMG_5107-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A foggy day in Joaquin Miller Park in the Oakland hills. In the summertime, redwoods ‘drink’ the coastal fog. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That decline, coupled with periods of severe drought in California, is putting a lot of stress on the trees — especially giant sequoias, another type of redwood that lives mostly in the Sierra Nevada. Thousands of trees there have died due to a lack of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water deficit itself didn’t really kill all those trees,” Dawson said. “It weakened them in a way where other pests and pathogens got in there and basically wiped them out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to a lack of water, more intense fires are also affecting redwoods. Though they have adapted to fire over the centuries, they can’t handle the extreme fires we’re seeing now caused by climate change and inadequate forest management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All in all, Dawson said redwood forests are struggling along their perimeters. As the wildland-urban interface stretches farther and farther into the wild, redwood trees are increasingly exposed to human impacts. They’re losing their buffer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re going to see a patchier world,” Dawson said. “And that’s really disappointing and concerning for me because we sit at the heart of that. Humans are really the ones that are in control and are having the negative impacts that we now see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What can we do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As Menter asked, is there anything we can do to save the redwoods?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for backyard redwood trees, Dawson said irrigation might work, but it’s more of a Band-Aid solution because “the trees require so much water. They also require pretty special microclimates, meaning that they like it cooler, they like these moist, foggy summers,” he said, “and I think you can’t really recreate those conditions as a person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problems redwood trees are facing now are much more systemic, said Dawson, and that’s how we should approach solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to help protect redwood forests is by getting them in the hands of governments and nonprofits, which Dawson said is critical to ensuring the trees’ survival here in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The forests are just so special, these big cathedrals with these amazing, gigantic trees. There’s just nothing like that. And I think anybody who’s ever walked through a forest for the first time just is in awe of what a special place and what a special feel it has. So I’m really concerned about them and I’d love to see those forests protected in perpetuity,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"Viewthefullepisodetranscript\">\u003c/a>Episode transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This is Bay Curious. I’m Olivia Allen-Price.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Have you ever paused a moment, to fully take in a redwood tree? Stared up at its towering trunk. Cupping around a single ridge of its massive bark. Inhaling that warm, woody, slightly sweet scent…\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bay Curious listener Christy Dundon has.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Christy Dundon:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Back when I was in high school, just a long time ago, I worked for the Alameda Recreation and Park Department and we had a day camp and we would take kids up to the Redwood Regional Park.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The redwoods in the park now are mostly younger, second-growth redwoods – but there are signs left of the old growth redwoods that once stood.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Christy Dundon:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> I remember showing them the stumps that were there, which were pretty big with usually trees in a circle around them … sometimes I’d have them lie down and it was, you know, its diameter was wider than they are tall. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seeing these stumps got Christy wondering about when these trees were cut down and why. And also how many redwood forests once stood in the Bay Area.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Christy Dundon:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> I would love to know how extensive it was, what, I mean, did they just somebody got the idea this is where we’re going to get our lumber, and then how much was actually cut down.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> For this story on old growth redwoods, we called up an old friend, Daniel Potter. Hi, Daniel!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Olivia, hi!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daniel has done a few stories for us on natural history and trees… And he even wrote a bit on redwoods for the Bay Curious book. (which, ahem, is still available wherever books are sold.) So Daniel, redwoods. They come in a few varieties.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Right. They’re a phenomenon almost exclusive to California. By that I mean there are three species—a somewhat shorter one from central China—and then the two familiar to Californians. Inland, we have the massive Sierra redwoods, also known as giant sequoias, and the kind we’ll be focusing on today, which is actually even taller.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> That’s the coast redwood, or the one a lot of folks just call… redwoods.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The scientific name is Sequoia sempervirens. These trees can grow taller than the Statue of Liberty, including the pedestal and torch. Taller than a football field is long. And they can live around 2,000 years. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> And true to their name, you tend to find them along the coast, in the fog belt, from Monterey County up to around the Oregon border.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> One of my favorite Bay Area spots for wow’ing out-of-towners with them has always been Muir Woods, in Marin County. That’s one of the few places in the region where people left old redwoods standing in the last few centuries.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> So there were once more? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> So many more! Logging of the redwoods started long before the Gold Rush, in the time of Spanish settlers and Russian traders… but the Gold Rush really kicked it into high gear. For 19th-century people building a city like San Francisco in a hurry, old redwood was ideal. In his book Trees in Paradise, historian Jared Farmer writes “it was easy to work with, hard to wreck. No other lumber matched its combination of lightness, evenness, and durability.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In addition to the stumps Christy saw, you also see little hints of this logging history around. ..Like down on the Peninsula, where you’ll find ‘Redwood City.’\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Yes! Sawyers would cut down redwoods on the east side of the Santa Cruz mountains, and use the port there to float that wood up toward a growing San Francisco. In his book, Farmer writes “by the mid 1850s, San Francisco had exhausted the easy-to-reach redwood, including pocket stands in the Berkeley Hills.” Loggers then worked their way north up the coast. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Okay, let’s fast forward to after the 1906 earthquake and fire. The city is devastated, people need to rebuild, concrete and steel aren’t yet ubiquitous for construction. What happens? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> People cut down even more trees. They constructed tens of thousands of buildings in the decade after the quake, almost all of them with wood frames. Redwood was the rule—literally. Officials believed using redwood had kept the fire from being even worse, so afterward, builders had to get a permit to use anything else. The demand was epic, on the order of hundreds of millions of square feet, an inch thick.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So our question-asker wanted some sense of what was lost here. And it sounds like… a lot.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Yeah, exactly how much depends a little on whether you’re just counting the heavy stands of redwoods, like the awesome cathedral stands up toward the North Coast, or also the spots where they’re more mixed in with other trees. But ballpark, before the Gold Rush, there were 1 or 2 million acres of old growth redwood forests, whereas now we’re down to less than 100 thousand acres. So even by a conservative estimate, we’ve lost about 90% of what once was.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 90%! And most of it now makes up the skeleton of San Francisco?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yeah, it’s a weird way to think about it, isn’t it?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Well… on the bright side, at least there’s still some standing for us to visit.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yeah! My wife and I did the iconic California road trip for our honeymoon a few years ago, and visiting the redwoods up along the Avenue of the Giants was sublime. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Mm! Daniel Potter… Longtime friend of the show, now making a podcast called Bug Note about the wiggly, wild, weird world of bugs. Find it on YouTube. Daniel – thank you as always.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Olivia, a pleasure as always.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> When we return a deep dive on what makes Coast Redwoods so special, and how they’re fairing in the age of climate change. Stay with us.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sponsor Message\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> We have received a bevy of listener questions about redwoods over the years. One came from Julie Menter. She and her husband moved into a house in Oakland in 2017. There were lots of things they loved about their new home, but especially the three big redwood trees in the backyard. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Menter: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It feels like it’s a really big part of the identity to me of the city of Oakland. Like if you look at the hills and the trees…being able to go in nature while being in a city feels really important to me for my mental health and balance. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Last year, Julie started to worry about the trees. One of them had lost almost all of its leaves and, despite watering it, it wasn’t bouncing back. It had to come down.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Menter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It’s so sad. And I think it’s sad both for the tree because, you know, they’re such beautiful trees, they’re so old and majestic. But also scary to be like, “Whoa, this tree is not doing well, the one next to it isn’t, the ones in my neighborhood don’t seem to be doing well.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Julie’s noticed not just in her backyard, but all around Oakland, redwood trees don’t look so good. Around her neighborhood… off highways… really all over the East Bay, Julie has noticed the trees looking dry and scraggly.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Menter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> So I’m wondering, is something happening to the redwood trees in the Bay Area? And if so, what is it and is there anything we can do about it?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For this next story, we’re spending more time with California’s state tree: the coast redwood. We’ll dig into why it’s unique to this area, what makes it so special and also how it’s adapting to challenges like climate change and urbanization. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">KQED’s Dana Cronin takes it from here.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sound of walking through a forest \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There’s a really special feeling I get every time I walk through a redwood forest. My mind goes quiet, the only audible sound coming from the crunch of my footsteps. The temperature is always perfect; even on the hottest day, it’s still cool among the trees. And the smell.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin (in scene)\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: It smells so good. There’s just no, like, even just stepping outside of my car in the parking lot, I was like (breathes in, breathes out) It’s just so good.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I’m in the middle of the Roberts Redwood Recreational forest in the Oakland hills… hiking with Deborah Ziertan, who works for Save the Redwoods League. She’s gonna help me teach you all about redwood trees and why they’re unique to our region. Then, later on, we’ll get to the heart of Julie’s question … what’s happening to them? And just a note – for this episode we’ll mostly focus on coastal redwoods, which grow no more than 50 miles from the coastline. Now, Deborah grew up here in Oakland and visited these redwoods frequently as a kid. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> I don’t think I fully appreciated the redwoods until I went away to school and then came back as an adult. And this was the place that I would hike to clear my head. And these were the forests that I came to. And so it is a very special place for me here.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deborah has now dedicated her life to these trees. She’s an educator with Save the Redwoods League. Her job is to teach school-aged kids about them. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sounds of children in a forest\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Good morning students!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Students:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Good morning.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I tagged along recently with Deborah, as she guided about thirty fifth graders from a local elementary school through the Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park. The students are spread out across three wooden picnic tables, fidgeting in their seats. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Can I have everyone’s eyes up here? Ok. Will everyone look up and take a look? We are in a little redwood grove. So these are all redwood trees. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After setting a few ground rules… no touching plants… be quiet while others are talking… Miss Deborah — as they call her — launches into the lesson. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Do you know anything about redwood trees at all? Raise your hand if you know anything about redwoods. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A student’s hand shoots up.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Yes. They are really tall. They are. Redwoods are the tallest tree in the whole entire world. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Redwood trees can grow more than 300 feet tall. That’s taller than a 30-story skyscraper. And not only are they the tallest tree in the world, they’re also among the biggest. Their trucks can grow nearly 30 feet wide. So, how are they able to get so big?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So everyone do this with your arms. It’s okay if you kind of lightly touch your neighbors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deborah holds her arms out straight to the sides, like a scarecrow. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the things that makes redwoods so unique is that they actually hold hands with their roots underneath the ground, and that’s how they’re able to grow to be so tall and not fall down is that they help each other. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Redwood roots are shallow and extend outward instead of down. Their roots extend out almost as far as the tree is tall … and they essentially hold each other up. In addition to being really big… redwoods can also live a very long time… like more than 2,000 years. That means some coastal redwoods today were alive during the Roman Empire. Those old-growth redwoods, which now only account for 5 percent of all redwood trees, can store more carbon than any other forest on the planet.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> So we are pretty lucky to have redwood trees here in Oakland. And people travel from all over the world to come and see redwood trees.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magical sounding music\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Redwood trees also have unique ways of reproducing. They produce seeds, like any other tree, but they can also sprout new trees from their roots. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> So often redwood trees, you will find them in circles that we call fairy rings. Because if a parent tree gets hurt or injured, it will send out these baby sprouts into these circles. And it’s kind of like a little family growing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They’re basically clones of their parents. That’s why you rarely see redwood trees standing alone, and more often see them together in a circle formation. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deborah tells the students we can learn a lot from redwood trees. They exist in communities and rely on each other for support. They have hard exteriors that protect them from things like wildfires, but they’re soft on the inside. Deborah says… they’re not so different from us.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Music ends\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The earliest redwood trees existed more than 200 million years ago… alongside dinosaurs in the Jurassic period. Their natural range has shrunk a lot in that time… now they mostly stretch up and down the northern California coast… as far north as the Oregon border and down to about Big Sur. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Their distribution tracks with another iconic California phenomenon… coastal fog. So, in the summer months, when there’s a lack of rainfall, redwood trees essentially drink the fog.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It’s almost like a sponge sucking in that water. And then when their needles get full, also like a sponge, any of that excess water will drip to the ground. And it’s almost as if they’re creating their own rain. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And they’ve adapted to this region in other ways, too. They’re highly adapted to fire. Take the 2020 CZU Lightning Complex fire, for example, which burned through most of Big Basin Redwoods near Santa Cruz. Three years later, that forest is green again… and the old-growth redwood trees there are still standing strong. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Redwoods also survived a period of severe logging in the late 18-hundreds when, after the Gold Rush, San Francisco was booming and timber was in high demand. Many trees didn’t survive, though. In fact, most of the trees now living in the Oakland hills are ones that have grown since that period of logging… young, by redwoods standards. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Luckily, a movement was underway to protect redwood forests. Save the Redwoods League… where Deborah works… was founded in 1918… and helped to accelerate the preservation of redwood trees across Northern California. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> People started to see the value in recreation and see the value in these trees not as lumber, but for health and wellness and for preservation purposes. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Music in \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But now they’re facing new challenges. As our question-asker Julie noticed… Redwood trees in the Bay Area are struggling.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> If you walk and you look up now, in most urban areas, I think everybody can pretty much see that, you know, there’s some tops that are dying back. There’s a lot of, you know, brown foliage in the crowns of these trees.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That’s Todd Dawson. He’s an environmental scientist and professor at UC Berkeley and has been studying redwood trees for decades. We met up on a foggy morning at the UC Berkeley campus… home to many unhealthy-looking redwood trees.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> See the thinning crowns of the one right out there in the distance? \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin (in scene): \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yeah.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> There you go. And you just see that over and over and over, repeated in so many places. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Todd says trees are suffering all over the Bay Area… even up through Santa Rosa. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And, there are two main reasons for that suffering. Let’s take them one at a time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Music ends\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first reason is urbanization. The Bay Area has gone through a drastic transformation over the last century…\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> And with all the concrete and all the pollution that’s associated with urban sprawl, the trees are suffering. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That’s mostly because sidewalks and roadways are impinging on redwoods’ root systems. Remember how their roots extend out really wide?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Here we are standing ten feet away from a redwood tree on a concrete sidewalk. And we’ve set concrete on top of a big part of the root system. And so it’s really going to have a very, very negative impact on the ability of that tree to get the water it needs, get the nutrients it needs.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We’re basically suffocating them. And on top of that, we have reason number two… climate change… which is impacting redwood trees in different ways. That fog that redwoods drink in, well, it turns out it’s on the decline. In fact, since the 1950’s it’s declined about 30% during the summertime… when redwoods really need it. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That decline, coupled with periods of severe drought in California, is putting a lot of stress on the trees. Especially Giant Sequoias… another type of redwood that mostly lives in the Sierra Nevada. Thousands of trees there have died due to a lack of water. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The water deficit itself didn’t really kill all those trees. It weakened them in a way where other pests and pathogens got in there and basically wiped them out like beetles, fungi, other things like that. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to a lack of water… more intense fires are also impacting those trees. Although they have adapted to fire over the centuries… they can’t handle the extreme fires we’re seeing now caused by climate change and bad forest management. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All in all, Todd says redwood forests are struggling along their perimeters. As the wildland-urban interface stretches further and further into the wild… redwood trees are increasingly exposed to human impacts. They’re losing their buffer. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> I think that’s the future, is we’re going to see a patchier world. And that’s really disappointing and concerning for me because, you know, we sit at the heart of that. Humans are really the ones that are in control and are having the negative impacts that we now see. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now, I think we’ve answered most of Julie’s questions… except for one. What can we do about it? Todd has a couple thoughts on that. First, Julie, regarding your backyard redwood trees… Todd says you can try watering them…. But…\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The trees require so much water. They also require pretty special microclimates, meaning that they like it cooler. They like these moist, foggy summers like we’re seeing today. You know, And I think you can’t really recreate those conditions as a person. Right. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unfortunately, he says, irrigation is a band-aid solution at best. Because the problems redwood trees are facing now are much more systemic. And that’s how we need to think about solutions, Todd says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of those solutions is to protect redwood forests by getting them in the hands of governments and nonprofits… like Deborah’s Save the Redwoods League. Todd says that work is critical to ensuring the trees’ survival here in Northern California. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whimsical music begins\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The forests are just so special, these big cathedrals with these amazing and gigantic trees that there’s just nothing like that. And I think anybody who’s ever walked through a forest for the first time just is in awe of what a special place and what a special feel it has. And so I’m really concerned about them and I want to keep working with them and I’d love to see those forests protected, you know, in perpetuity. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protecting them now means securing their existence for our kids, grandkids… and maybe even humans two THOUSAND years from now. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That was KQED’s Dana Cronin.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bay Curious is made in San Francisco at KQED. We are a member-supported public media station and we really need your help. Give today at KQED.org/donate. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bay Curious is produced by Katrina Schwartz, Christopher Beale and me, Olivia Allen-Price. Extra support from Maha Sanad, Katie Sprenger, Jen Chien, Ethan Toven-Lindsey and everyone on Team KQED. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I’m Olivia Allen-Price. Have a fantastic week. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"#Viewthefullepisodetranscript\">View the full episode transcript.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This article originally published in June of 2023. It has been lightly updated for republication.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were many things Bay Curious listener Julie Menter loved about her Oakland home when she first moved there in 2017. Chief among them were the three towering redwood trees in her backyard, which Menter estimated had been there longer than the house itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, one of the trees started to look sick. It had lost almost all of its leaves and, despite Menter watering it, it wasn’t bouncing back. So Menter and her husband decided it had to come down. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was so sad,” she said. “And I think it’s sad both for the tree because they’re such beautiful trees, they’re so old and majestic. But also scary to be like, ‘Whoa, this tree is not doing well, the one next to it isn’t, the ones in my neighborhood don’t seem to be doing well.’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She’s noticed, not just in her backyard but all around Oakland, redwood trees are looking dry and scraggly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So I’m wondering, is something happening to the redwood trees in the Bay Area? And if so, what is it and is there anything we can do about it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Magical trees\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To answer Menter’s question, we first have to understand why redwood trees are unique to the Bay Area. Coast redwoods — which we’re focusing on for this story — stretch up and down the Northern California coast and grow no more than 50 miles from the coastline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think I fully appreciated the redwoods until I went away to school and then came back as an adult,” said Deborah Zierten, an educator with \u003ca href=\"https://www.savetheredwoods.org/\">Save the Redwoods League\u003c/a>. “This was the place that I would hike to clear my head. So it is a very special place for me here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quiet, cool, almost prehistoric feel of these redwood forests have provided solace to humans for millennia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The earliest redwood trees existed more than 200 million years ago alongside dinosaurs in the Jurassic period. Their natural range has shrunk a lot in that time, however. Now they live primarily along the coast between Big Sur and the California-Oregon border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11953536\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/redwood-logging.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11953536\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/redwood-logging-800x610.jpg\" alt=\"Black and white archival photo shows loggers standing around and laying in a notch cut into a massive redwood tree as the prepare to fell it. The tree may be around 20 feet in diameter and of unknown height, though it could be as tall as 300 feet.\" width=\"800\" height=\"610\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/redwood-logging-800x610.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/redwood-logging-1020x778.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/redwood-logging-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/redwood-logging.jpg 1160w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the early 20th century, redwoods endured a period of intense logging activity. Most of the redwoods you see today have grown since that period, and pale in comparison to the massive size of the trees that once stood along the California coast. \u003ccite>(Ericson Collection/Humboldt State University Library)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Their range used to extend more broadly, until they endured a period of \u003ca href=\"https://www.savetheredwoods.org/about-us/mission-history/redwoods-timeline/\">severe logging in the late 19th century\u003c/a>. After the Gold Rush, San Francisco was booming and timber was in high demand. Millions of trees were logged and used to build homes and other structures around the Bay Area. Most of the trees here now have grown since then. Even by conservative estimates we’ve lost about 90 percent of what once was. Now, California is down to about 100,000 acres of old growth redwood forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps their most identifiable feature — besides their reddish-brown bark — is their height. They can grow up to 300 feet tall, a feat that requires some teamwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things that makes redwoods so unique is that they actually hold hands with their roots underneath the ground, and that’s how they’re able to grow to be so tall and not fall down, is that they help each other,” said Zierten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their shallow but wide root systems allow them to grow to be the tallest trees on the planet. And the intertwining of their roots helps them exchange nutrients with one another. Their trunks can grow to be immense, up to nearly 30 feet in diameter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Redwoods can live a very long time, too. In fact, some of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/shirley/sec11.htm\">oldest coastal redwoods\u003c/a> today were alive during the Roman Empire. Those stands of \u003ca href=\"https://sempervirens.org/news/old-growth-what-it-means-and-why-it-matters/#:~:text=What%20Is%20The,redwood%E2%80%99s%20highest%20reaches.\">old-growth redwoods\u003c/a>, which now account for only 5% of all redwood trees, can \u003ca href=\"https://www.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=26107#\">store more carbon\u003c/a> than any other forest on the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They have unique ways of reproducing. They produce seeds, like any other tree, but they can also sprout new trees from their roots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, often you will find them in circles that we call fairy rings. Because if a parent tree gets hurt or injured, it will send out these baby sprouts into these circles. And it’s kind of like a little family growing,” said Zierten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11953639\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Deborah-without-kids-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11953639\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Deborah-without-kids-800x845.jpg\" alt=\"A child dressing in a redwood tree costumes stands next to a woman in a bright blue sweater. In the background, a redwood forest is visible.\" width=\"800\" height=\"845\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Deborah-without-kids-800x845.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Deborah-without-kids-1020x1077.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Deborah-without-kids-160x169.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Deborah-without-kids-1455x1536.jpg 1455w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Deborah-without-kids-1940x2048.jpg 1940w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/Deborah-without-kids-1920x2027.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Deborah Zierten teaches a group of fifth graders about redwood trees in Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Dana Cronin/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Redwoods prefer cool, moist climates, which is why they’re now primarily found in Northern California. In the summer months, when there’s a lack of rainfall, redwood trees rely on another iconic California phenomenon: coastal fog.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s almost like a sponge sucking in that water,” Zierten said. “Then when their needles get full, also like a sponge, any of that excess water will drip to the ground. And it’s almost as if they’re creating their own rain.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve adapted to other characteristics of this region, including wildfires. Take the 2020 CZU Lightning Complex fires, for example, which burned through most of Big Basin Redwoods State Park near Santa Cruz. Three years later, that forest is green again and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11835124/some-good-news-many-of-big-basins-ancient-redwoods-appear-to-have-survived\">the old-growth redwood trees there are still standing strong\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now many redwood forests — including 80% of the surviving old-growth trees — are protected either by state and local governments or nonprofits, like Zierten’s Save the Redwoods League.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New challenges\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s not just Menter’s imagination: Redwood trees are indeed struggling across the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“If you look up now, in most urban areas, I think everybody can pretty much see that there’s some tops that are dying back. There’s a lot of brown foliage in the crowns of these trees,” said \u003ca href=\"https://ib.berkeley.edu/people/faculty/dawsont\">Todd Dawson\u003c/a>, an environmental scientist at UC Berkeley who has been studying redwoods for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason for that suffering is urbanization and the subsequent proliferation of concrete and pollution. Roadways and sidewalks, in particular, are impinging on redwoods’ root systems, essentially suffocating them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[Concrete has] a very, very negative impact on the ability of that tree to get the water it needs, get the nutrients it needs,” said Dawson.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to urbanization, climate change is wreaking havoc on redwood trees’ ideal growing conditions. Coastal fog, for example, upon which redwood trees rely for water, is on the decline. In fact, since the 1950s, Dawson said, fog has declined about 30% during the summertime, when redwoods really need it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11953610\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/IMG_5107-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11953610\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/IMG_5107-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Tall, bright green redwood trees and ferns surround a hiking path. The air is misty and grey.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/IMG_5107-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/IMG_5107-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/IMG_5107-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/IMG_5107-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/IMG_5107-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2023/06/IMG_5107-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A foggy day in Joaquin Miller Park in the Oakland hills. In the summertime, redwoods ‘drink’ the coastal fog. \u003ccite>(Amanda Font/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That decline, coupled with periods of severe drought in California, is putting a lot of stress on the trees — especially giant sequoias, another type of redwood that lives mostly in the Sierra Nevada. Thousands of trees there have died due to a lack of water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The water deficit itself didn’t really kill all those trees,” Dawson said. “It weakened them in a way where other pests and pathogens got in there and basically wiped them out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to a lack of water, more intense fires are also affecting redwoods. Though they have adapted to fire over the centuries, they can’t handle the extreme fires we’re seeing now caused by climate change and inadequate forest management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All in all, Dawson said redwood forests are struggling along their perimeters. As the wildland-urban interface stretches farther and farther into the wild, redwood trees are increasingly exposed to human impacts. They’re losing their buffer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think we’re going to see a patchier world,” Dawson said. “And that’s really disappointing and concerning for me because we sit at the heart of that. Humans are really the ones that are in control and are having the negative impacts that we now see.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What can we do?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As Menter asked, is there anything we can do to save the redwoods?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for backyard redwood trees, Dawson said irrigation might work, but it’s more of a Band-Aid solution because “the trees require so much water. They also require pretty special microclimates, meaning that they like it cooler, they like these moist, foggy summers,” he said, “and I think you can’t really recreate those conditions as a person.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problems redwood trees are facing now are much more systemic, said Dawson, and that’s how we should approach solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way to help protect redwood forests is by getting them in the hands of governments and nonprofits, which Dawson said is critical to ensuring the trees’ survival here in Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The forests are just so special, these big cathedrals with these amazing, gigantic trees. There’s just nothing like that. And I think anybody who’s ever walked through a forest for the first time just is in awe of what a special place and what a special feel it has. So I’m really concerned about them and I’d love to see those forests protected in perpetuity,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca id=\"Viewthefullepisodetranscript\">\u003c/a>Episode transcript\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> This is Bay Curious. I’m Olivia Allen-Price.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Have you ever paused a moment, to fully take in a redwood tree? Stared up at its towering trunk. Cupping around a single ridge of its massive bark. Inhaling that warm, woody, slightly sweet scent…\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bay Curious listener Christy Dundon has.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Christy Dundon:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Back when I was in high school, just a long time ago, I worked for the Alameda Recreation and Park Department and we had a day camp and we would take kids up to the Redwood Regional Park.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The redwoods in the park now are mostly younger, second-growth redwoods – but there are signs left of the old growth redwoods that once stood.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Christy Dundon:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> I remember showing them the stumps that were there, which were pretty big with usually trees in a circle around them … sometimes I’d have them lie down and it was, you know, its diameter was wider than they are tall. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Seeing these stumps got Christy wondering about when these trees were cut down and why. And also how many redwood forests once stood in the Bay Area.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Christy Dundon:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> I would love to know how extensive it was, what, I mean, did they just somebody got the idea this is where we’re going to get our lumber, and then how much was actually cut down.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> For this story on old growth redwoods, we called up an old friend, Daniel Potter. Hi, Daniel!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Olivia, hi!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Daniel has done a few stories for us on natural history and trees… And he even wrote a bit on redwoods for the Bay Curious book. (which, ahem, is still available wherever books are sold.) So Daniel, redwoods. They come in a few varieties.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Right. They’re a phenomenon almost exclusive to California. By that I mean there are three species—a somewhat shorter one from central China—and then the two familiar to Californians. Inland, we have the massive Sierra redwoods, also known as giant sequoias, and the kind we’ll be focusing on today, which is actually even taller.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> That’s the coast redwood, or the one a lot of folks just call… redwoods.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The scientific name is Sequoia sempervirens. These trees can grow taller than the Statue of Liberty, including the pedestal and torch. Taller than a football field is long. And they can live around 2,000 years. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> And true to their name, you tend to find them along the coast, in the fog belt, from Monterey County up to around the Oregon border.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> One of my favorite Bay Area spots for wow’ing out-of-towners with them has always been Muir Woods, in Marin County. That’s one of the few places in the region where people left old redwoods standing in the last few centuries.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> So there were once more? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> So many more! Logging of the redwoods started long before the Gold Rush, in the time of Spanish settlers and Russian traders… but the Gold Rush really kicked it into high gear. For 19th-century people building a city like San Francisco in a hurry, old redwood was ideal. In his book Trees in Paradise, historian Jared Farmer writes “it was easy to work with, hard to wreck. No other lumber matched its combination of lightness, evenness, and durability.” \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In addition to the stumps Christy saw, you also see little hints of this logging history around. ..Like down on the Peninsula, where you’ll find ‘Redwood City.’\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Yes! Sawyers would cut down redwoods on the east side of the Santa Cruz mountains, and use the port there to float that wood up toward a growing San Francisco. In his book, Farmer writes “by the mid 1850s, San Francisco had exhausted the easy-to-reach redwood, including pocket stands in the Berkeley Hills.” Loggers then worked their way north up the coast. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Okay, let’s fast forward to after the 1906 earthquake and fire. The city is devastated, people need to rebuild, concrete and steel aren’t yet ubiquitous for construction. What happens? \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> People cut down even more trees. They constructed tens of thousands of buildings in the decade after the quake, almost all of them with wood frames. Redwood was the rule—literally. Officials believed using redwood had kept the fire from being even worse, so afterward, builders had to get a permit to use anything else. The demand was epic, on the order of hundreds of millions of square feet, an inch thick.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So our question-asker wanted some sense of what was lost here. And it sounds like… a lot.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Yeah, exactly how much depends a little on whether you’re just counting the heavy stands of redwoods, like the awesome cathedral stands up toward the North Coast, or also the spots where they’re more mixed in with other trees. But ballpark, before the Gold Rush, there were 1 or 2 million acres of old growth redwood forests, whereas now we’re down to less than 100 thousand acres. So even by a conservative estimate, we’ve lost about 90% of what once was.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> 90%! And most of it now makes up the skeleton of San Francisco?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yeah, it’s a weird way to think about it, isn’t it?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Well… on the bright side, at least there’s still some standing for us to visit.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yeah! My wife and I did the iconic California road trip for our honeymoon a few years ago, and visiting the redwoods up along the Avenue of the Giants was sublime. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Mm! Daniel Potter… Longtime friend of the show, now making a podcast called Bug Note about the wiggly, wild, weird world of bugs. Find it on YouTube. Daniel – thank you as always.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Daniel Potter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Olivia, a pleasure as always.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> When we return a deep dive on what makes Coast Redwoods so special, and how they’re fairing in the age of climate change. Stay with us.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sponsor Message\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> We have received a bevy of listener questions about redwoods over the years. One came from Julie Menter. She and her husband moved into a house in Oakland in 2017. There were lots of things they loved about their new home, but especially the three big redwood trees in the backyard. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Menter: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">It feels like it’s a really big part of the identity to me of the city of Oakland. Like if you look at the hills and the trees…being able to go in nature while being in a city feels really important to me for my mental health and balance. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Last year, Julie started to worry about the trees. One of them had lost almost all of its leaves and, despite watering it, it wasn’t bouncing back. It had to come down.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Menter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It’s so sad. And I think it’s sad both for the tree because, you know, they’re such beautiful trees, they’re so old and majestic. But also scary to be like, “Whoa, this tree is not doing well, the one next to it isn’t, the ones in my neighborhood don’t seem to be doing well.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Julie’s noticed not just in her backyard, but all around Oakland, redwood trees don’t look so good. Around her neighborhood… off highways… really all over the East Bay, Julie has noticed the trees looking dry and scraggly.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Julie Menter:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> So I’m wondering, is something happening to the redwood trees in the Bay Area? And if so, what is it and is there anything we can do about it?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For this next story, we’re spending more time with California’s state tree: the coast redwood. We’ll dig into why it’s unique to this area, what makes it so special and also how it’s adapting to challenges like climate change and urbanization. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">KQED’s Dana Cronin takes it from here.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sound of walking through a forest \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">There’s a really special feeling I get every time I walk through a redwood forest. My mind goes quiet, the only audible sound coming from the crunch of my footsteps. The temperature is always perfect; even on the hottest day, it’s still cool among the trees. And the smell.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin (in scene)\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: It smells so good. There’s just no, like, even just stepping outside of my car in the parking lot, I was like (breathes in, breathes out) It’s just so good.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I’m in the middle of the Roberts Redwood Recreational forest in the Oakland hills… hiking with Deborah Ziertan, who works for Save the Redwoods League. She’s gonna help me teach you all about redwood trees and why they’re unique to our region. Then, later on, we’ll get to the heart of Julie’s question … what’s happening to them? And just a note – for this episode we’ll mostly focus on coastal redwoods, which grow no more than 50 miles from the coastline. Now, Deborah grew up here in Oakland and visited these redwoods frequently as a kid. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> I don’t think I fully appreciated the redwoods until I went away to school and then came back as an adult. And this was the place that I would hike to clear my head. And these were the forests that I came to. And so it is a very special place for me here.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deborah has now dedicated her life to these trees. She’s an educator with Save the Redwoods League. Her job is to teach school-aged kids about them. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sounds of children in a forest\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Good morning students!\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Students:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Good morning.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I tagged along recently with Deborah, as she guided about thirty fifth graders from a local elementary school through the Reinhardt Redwood Regional Park. The students are spread out across three wooden picnic tables, fidgeting in their seats. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Can I have everyone’s eyes up here? Ok. Will everyone look up and take a look? We are in a little redwood grove. So these are all redwood trees. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After setting a few ground rules… no touching plants… be quiet while others are talking… Miss Deborah — as they call her — launches into the lesson. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Do you know anything about redwood trees at all? Raise your hand if you know anything about redwoods. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A student’s hand shoots up.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Yes. They are really tall. They are. Redwoods are the tallest tree in the whole entire world. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Redwood trees can grow more than 300 feet tall. That’s taller than a 30-story skyscraper. And not only are they the tallest tree in the world, they’re also among the biggest. Their trucks can grow nearly 30 feet wide. So, how are they able to get so big?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So everyone do this with your arms. It’s okay if you kind of lightly touch your neighbors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deborah holds her arms out straight to the sides, like a scarecrow. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of the things that makes redwoods so unique is that they actually hold hands with their roots underneath the ground, and that’s how they’re able to grow to be so tall and not fall down is that they help each other. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Redwood roots are shallow and extend outward instead of down. Their roots extend out almost as far as the tree is tall … and they essentially hold each other up. In addition to being really big… redwoods can also live a very long time… like more than 2,000 years. That means some coastal redwoods today were alive during the Roman Empire. Those old-growth redwoods, which now only account for 5 percent of all redwood trees, can store more carbon than any other forest on the planet.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> So we are pretty lucky to have redwood trees here in Oakland. And people travel from all over the world to come and see redwood trees.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magical sounding music\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Redwood trees also have unique ways of reproducing. They produce seeds, like any other tree, but they can also sprout new trees from their roots. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> So often redwood trees, you will find them in circles that we call fairy rings. Because if a parent tree gets hurt or injured, it will send out these baby sprouts into these circles. And it’s kind of like a little family growing.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">They’re basically clones of their parents. That’s why you rarely see redwood trees standing alone, and more often see them together in a circle formation. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Deborah tells the students we can learn a lot from redwood trees. They exist in communities and rely on each other for support. They have hard exteriors that protect them from things like wildfires, but they’re soft on the inside. Deborah says… they’re not so different from us.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Music ends\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The earliest redwood trees existed more than 200 million years ago… alongside dinosaurs in the Jurassic period. Their natural range has shrunk a lot in that time… now they mostly stretch up and down the northern California coast… as far north as the Oregon border and down to about Big Sur. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Their distribution tracks with another iconic California phenomenon… coastal fog. So, in the summer months, when there’s a lack of rainfall, redwood trees essentially drink the fog.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> It’s almost like a sponge sucking in that water. And then when their needles get full, also like a sponge, any of that excess water will drip to the ground. And it’s almost as if they’re creating their own rain. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And they’ve adapted to this region in other ways, too. They’re highly adapted to fire. Take the 2020 CZU Lightning Complex fire, for example, which burned through most of Big Basin Redwoods near Santa Cruz. Three years later, that forest is green again… and the old-growth redwood trees there are still standing strong. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Redwoods also survived a period of severe logging in the late 18-hundreds when, after the Gold Rush, San Francisco was booming and timber was in high demand. Many trees didn’t survive, though. In fact, most of the trees now living in the Oakland hills are ones that have grown since that period of logging… young, by redwoods standards. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Luckily, a movement was underway to protect redwood forests. Save the Redwoods League… where Deborah works… was founded in 1918… and helped to accelerate the preservation of redwood trees across Northern California. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Deborah Ziertan:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> People started to see the value in recreation and see the value in these trees not as lumber, but for health and wellness and for preservation purposes. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Music in \u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">But now they’re facing new challenges. As our question-asker Julie noticed… Redwood trees in the Bay Area are struggling.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> If you walk and you look up now, in most urban areas, I think everybody can pretty much see that, you know, there’s some tops that are dying back. There’s a lot of, you know, brown foliage in the crowns of these trees.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That’s Todd Dawson. He’s an environmental scientist and professor at UC Berkeley and has been studying redwood trees for decades. We met up on a foggy morning at the UC Berkeley campus… home to many unhealthy-looking redwood trees.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> See the thinning crowns of the one right out there in the distance? \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin (in scene): \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Yeah.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> There you go. And you just see that over and over and over, repeated in so many places. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Todd says trees are suffering all over the Bay Area… even up through Santa Rosa. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">And, there are two main reasons for that suffering. Let’s take them one at a time.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Music ends\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The first reason is urbanization. The Bay Area has gone through a drastic transformation over the last century…\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> And with all the concrete and all the pollution that’s associated with urban sprawl, the trees are suffering. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That’s mostly because sidewalks and roadways are impinging on redwoods’ root systems. Remember how their roots extend out really wide?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Here we are standing ten feet away from a redwood tree on a concrete sidewalk. And we’ve set concrete on top of a big part of the root system. And so it’s really going to have a very, very negative impact on the ability of that tree to get the water it needs, get the nutrients it needs.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We’re basically suffocating them. And on top of that, we have reason number two… climate change… which is impacting redwood trees in different ways. That fog that redwoods drink in, well, it turns out it’s on the decline. In fact, since the 1950’s it’s declined about 30% during the summertime… when redwoods really need it. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That decline, coupled with periods of severe drought in California, is putting a lot of stress on the trees. Especially Giant Sequoias… another type of redwood that mostly lives in the Sierra Nevada. Thousands of trees there have died due to a lack of water. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The water deficit itself didn’t really kill all those trees. It weakened them in a way where other pests and pathogens got in there and basically wiped them out like beetles, fungi, other things like that. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In addition to a lack of water… more intense fires are also impacting those trees. Although they have adapted to fire over the centuries… they can’t handle the extreme fires we’re seeing now caused by climate change and bad forest management. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All in all, Todd says redwood forests are struggling along their perimeters. As the wildland-urban interface stretches further and further into the wild… redwood trees are increasingly exposed to human impacts. They’re losing their buffer. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> I think that’s the future, is we’re going to see a patchier world. And that’s really disappointing and concerning for me because, you know, we sit at the heart of that. Humans are really the ones that are in control and are having the negative impacts that we now see. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now, I think we’ve answered most of Julie’s questions… except for one. What can we do about it? Todd has a couple thoughts on that. First, Julie, regarding your backyard redwood trees… Todd says you can try watering them…. But…\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The trees require so much water. They also require pretty special microclimates, meaning that they like it cooler. They like these moist, foggy summers like we’re seeing today. You know, And I think you can’t really recreate those conditions as a person. Right. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unfortunately, he says, irrigation is a band-aid solution at best. Because the problems redwood trees are facing now are much more systemic. And that’s how we need to think about solutions, Todd says.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">One of those solutions is to protect redwood forests by getting them in the hands of governments and nonprofits… like Deborah’s Save the Redwoods League. Todd says that work is critical to ensuring the trees’ survival here in Northern California. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span> \u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whimsical music begins\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Todd Dawson:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The forests are just so special, these big cathedrals with these amazing and gigantic trees that there’s just nothing like that. And I think anybody who’s ever walked through a forest for the first time just is in awe of what a special place and what a special feel it has. And so I’m really concerned about them and I want to keep working with them and I’d love to see those forests protected, you know, in perpetuity. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dana Cronin: \u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Protecting them now means securing their existence for our kids, grandkids… and maybe even humans two THOUSAND years from now. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Olivia Allen-Price:\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">That was KQED’s Dana Cronin.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bay Curious is made in San Francisco at KQED. We are a member-supported public media station and we really need your help. Give today at KQED.org/donate. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bay Curious is produced by Katrina Schwartz, Christopher Beale and me, Olivia Allen-Price. Extra support from Maha Sanad, Katie Sprenger, Jen Chien, Ethan Toven-Lindsey and everyone on Team KQED. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some members of the KQED podcast team are represented by The Screen Actors Guild, American Federation of Television and Radio Artists, San Francisco Northern California Local.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">I’m Olivia Allen-Price. Have a fantastic week. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\u003cstrong>Here are the headline stories for the morning of Monday, February 23rd, 2026:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n\u003cli>The string of storms that have swept through California has brought much-needed water and snow throughout the state, but climate scientists say, levels may still fall short of what’s needed in the coming warm weather months.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The town of Truckee held a memorial for the victims of last week’s avalanche in the Sierra. This comes after search and rescue crews finished recovering all nine of their bodies over the weekend.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>State Senator, Scott Wiener, is proposing legislation to force a split between San Francisco and Pacific Gas & Electric.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12073190/big-storms-boost-california-water-supply-but-snowpack-lags\">\u003cstrong>Low Overall Snow Levels Leave Experts Worried About California’s Long Term Water Supplies \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever since \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> was pummeled by a series of storms in fall and early winter, experts have said the state’s water supply is looking strong for this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those storms — with a potential bump from the ones hitting much of the state this week — have \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/\">helped refill reservoirs and eased immediate drought worries in many parts of the state.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But experts also say that a few wet storms don’t mean we’re out of the woods. That’s because this winter is a “classically climate-change-flavored one,” according to Daniel Swain, a weather and climate scientist with UC Agriculture and Natural Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s not because it’s been a particularly dry winter, he explained. It’s because it’s the warmest winter the West has ever seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the Western U.S., the snowpack is, on average, terrible,” Swain said. “It’s about as bad as it’s ever been in observed history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This warm winter creates a wrinkle: While the season’s rain has turned hillsides green, temperatures haven’t been cold enough at low enough elevations to bring as much snow as usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Truckee Holds Candlelight Vigil Amid a Tragic February \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town of Truckee in the Sierra held a candlelight vigil last night, amid a string of tragedies in the last few weeks has thrust the small mountain community into the national spotlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last night’s vigil was organized by Truckee’s Vice Mayor, Courtney Henderson, and was held at the Eagle Statue in downtown. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kunr.org/live-updates/lake-tahoe-avalanche#truckee-community-members-plan-vigil-provide-grief-support\">The event\u003c/a> comes on the heels of the deadliest avalanche in California history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The avalanche blanketed the region near Castle Peak at Donner Summit on Tuesday. A group of 15 back-country skiers were caught in the disaster. A total of nine people died in the avalanche. Search and rescue crews\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12073933/treacherous-sierra-nevada-storm-delays-recovery-of-9-presumed-avalanche-victims\"> were slowed by strong gusts and heavy snow\u003c/a> throughout the week–before avalanche mitigation efforts and calmer weather conditions allowed them to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2026/02/21/nx-s1-5722357/skiers-recovered-identified-california-avalanche-tahoe\">recover the bodies of the nine victims on Friday and Saturday.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12073851/tahoe-avalanche-heres-what-we-know-about-the-victims\">Four of the victims had connections to the Bay Area.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson told KQED that the avalanche came at a time when Truckee was already grappling with the aftermath of two incidents that took place earlier in the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On February 7th, a man was arrested after \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/truckee-safeway-vehicle-pedestrian-crash-arrest/\">he drove his car into a little league baseball team as they were fundraising outside a Safeway grocery store\u003c/a> on Donner Pass Road. The man injured four children and four adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week later, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcra.com/article/gunshots-truckee-crossroads-save-mart-arrest/70385094\">a 15-year-old opened fire on a group of people during an altercation\u003c/a> in the parking lot of a different grocery store. Nobody was injured in the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">As attendees left flowers and written messages at the site of the vigil to honor those lost, Henderson shared a message of togetherness during these dark times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">The Vice Mayor said, “Grief has a way of making us feel very small and very isolated. My deepest hope for tonight is that you feel the opposite. Held by the hundreds of neighbors who showed up tonight because that is simply what we do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\n\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\u003cstrong>Here are the headline stories for the morning of Monday, February 23rd, 2026:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul style=\"text-align: left;\">\n\u003cli>The string of storms that have swept through California has brought much-needed water and snow throughout the state, but climate scientists say, levels may still fall short of what’s needed in the coming warm weather months.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The town of Truckee held a memorial for the victims of last week’s avalanche in the Sierra. This comes after search and rescue crews finished recovering all nine of their bodies over the weekend.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>State Senator, Scott Wiener, is proposing legislation to force a split between San Francisco and Pacific Gas & Electric.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12073190/big-storms-boost-california-water-supply-but-snowpack-lags\">\u003cstrong>Low Overall Snow Levels Leave Experts Worried About California’s Long Term Water Supplies \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ever since \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> was pummeled by a series of storms in fall and early winter, experts have said the state’s water supply is looking strong for this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those storms — with a potential bump from the ones hitting much of the state this week — have \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/\">helped refill reservoirs and eased immediate drought worries in many parts of the state.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But experts also say that a few wet storms don’t mean we’re out of the woods. That’s because this winter is a “classically climate-change-flavored one,” according to Daniel Swain, a weather and climate scientist with UC Agriculture and Natural Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s not because it’s been a particularly dry winter, he explained. It’s because it’s the warmest winter the West has ever seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the Western U.S., the snowpack is, on average, terrible,” Swain said. “It’s about as bad as it’s ever been in observed history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This warm winter creates a wrinkle: While the season’s rain has turned hillsides green, temperatures haven’t been cold enough at low enough elevations to bring as much snow as usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Truckee Holds Candlelight Vigil Amid a Tragic February \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The town of Truckee in the Sierra held a candlelight vigil last night, amid a string of tragedies in the last few weeks has thrust the small mountain community into the national spotlight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last night’s vigil was organized by Truckee’s Vice Mayor, Courtney Henderson, and was held at the Eagle Statue in downtown. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kunr.org/live-updates/lake-tahoe-avalanche#truckee-community-members-plan-vigil-provide-grief-support\">The event\u003c/a> comes on the heels of the deadliest avalanche in California history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The avalanche blanketed the region near Castle Peak at Donner Summit on Tuesday. A group of 15 back-country skiers were caught in the disaster. A total of nine people died in the avalanche. Search and rescue crews\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12073933/treacherous-sierra-nevada-storm-delays-recovery-of-9-presumed-avalanche-victims\"> were slowed by strong gusts and heavy snow\u003c/a> throughout the week–before avalanche mitigation efforts and calmer weather conditions allowed them to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2026/02/21/nx-s1-5722357/skiers-recovered-identified-california-avalanche-tahoe\">recover the bodies of the nine victims on Friday and Saturday.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12073851/tahoe-avalanche-heres-what-we-know-about-the-victims\">Four of the victims had connections to the Bay Area.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Henderson told KQED that the avalanche came at a time when Truckee was already grappling with the aftermath of two incidents that took place earlier in the month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On February 7th, a man was arrested after \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/sacramento/news/truckee-safeway-vehicle-pedestrian-crash-arrest/\">he drove his car into a little league baseball team as they were fundraising outside a Safeway grocery store\u003c/a> on Donner Pass Road. The man injured four children and four adults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About a week later, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kcra.com/article/gunshots-truckee-crossroads-save-mart-arrest/70385094\">a 15-year-old opened fire on a group of people during an altercation\u003c/a> in the parking lot of a different grocery store. Nobody was injured in the shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">As attendees left flowers and written messages at the site of the vigil to honor those lost, Henderson shared a message of togetherness during these dark times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">The Vice Mayor said, “Grief has a way of making us feel very small and very isolated. My deepest hope for tonight is that you feel the opposite. Held by the hundreds of neighbors who showed up tonight because that is simply what we do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp style=\"text-align: left;\">\n\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Ever since \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> was pummeled by a series of storms in fall and early winter, experts have said the state’s water supply is looking strong for this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those storms — with a potential bump from the ones hitting much of the state this week — have helped refill reservoirs and eased immediate drought worries in many parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But experts also say that a few wet storms don’t mean we’re out of the woods. That’s because this winter is a “classically climate-change-flavored one,” according to Daniel Swain, a weather and climate scientist with UC Agriculture and Natural Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s not because it’s been a particularly dry winter, he explained. It’s because it’s the warmest winter the West has ever seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the Western U.S., the snowpack is, on average, terrible,” Swain said. “It’s about as bad as it’s ever been in observed history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12073622\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12073622 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/DonnerPassGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1498\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/DonnerPassGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/DonnerPassGetty-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/DonnerPassGetty-1536x1150.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of trucks piled up during heavy snow near Donner Pass in Truckee, California, on Dec. 24, 2025. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This warm winter creates a wrinkle: While the season’s rain has turned hillsides green, temperatures haven’t been cold enough at low enough elevations to bring as much snow as usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that has some climate scientists and water managers concerned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what to know about California’s water outlook as we head into the last months of the wet season.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Snowpack is key — and it’s way behind\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Snowpack — the snow that accumulates in the mountains — is responsible for \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/All-Programs/Climate-Change-Program/Climate-Change-and-Water\">as much as a third\u003c/a> of California’s annual water supply. Think of it like a giant, frozen reservoir that sits above the snowline, or freezing line — the elevation where temperatures are low enough for it to snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s snowpack builds up in winter, then slowly melts throughout spring and summer, feeding rivers, moistening soil and vegetation and refilling reservoirs downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12073713\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12073713 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/CaliforniaAvalancheAP3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/CaliforniaAvalancheAP3.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/CaliforniaAvalancheAP3-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/CaliforniaAvalancheAP3-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snow covers a street sign on Wednesday, Feb. 18, 2026, in Truckee, California. \u003ccite>(Brooke Hess-Homeier/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But that freezing line is changing, according to Michael Anderson, a climatologist with the California Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In past decades, many storms in the Sierra saw snow starting around 3,500 to 4,000 feet above sea level, according to Anderson. Now, he said, an ideal storm brings snow around 4,000 to 5,000 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, warm temperatures kept that snowline even higher — around 7,000 feet — in many parts of the Sierra.[aside postID=news_12073690 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/CaliforniaAvalancheAP1.jpg']That brings challenges, according to Anderson. “In the Northern Sierra Nevada, there’s not a whole lot of watershed above 7,000 feet for snow to accumulate,” he said, meaning “there’s not much land for that snow to build up on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential consequences of lost snowpack put experts on edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, there’s the possibility of greater fire risk. As the snowpack melts, water running down the Sierra helps keep vegetation and soils moist when the weather dries out. The ecosystem has grown to rely on that replenishment; without it, dry vegetation could become fuel for wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snowpack also refills reservoirs as it melts. Without it, we don’t have that steady stream to replenish our water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, reservoir levels are at more than 100% of their historic average overall, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/\">California Department of Water Resources\u003c/a>. That’s thanks to plenty of rain and solid snowpack from previous winters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if a warm winter like this one follows after a few dry years, experts say a weak snowpack could force Californians to curtail water use in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Sierra Nevada snowpack lagging far behind normal in parts of the state\" aria-label=\"Column Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-FpdUz\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/FpdUz/2/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"500\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a year where we really might need it, if it’s not there, that is the kind of situation where people everywhere in California are gonna notice,” Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the statewide snowpack is sitting at 69% of the normal for this time of year, with the Northern Sierra lagging the most, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">Department of Water Resources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking ahead, Anderson said he’s hoping for a run of colder storms later this month and in March, with lower freezing elevations that can rebuild a healthier snowpack. If dry or warm stretches drag on for two weeks or longer, he warned, “you’re backsliding a little bit” and possibly losing ground on snowpack, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The current storm could help snowpack — but don’t celebrate yet\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The storm moving through the state may bring the Sierra snowpack closer to normal. But this year’s warm weather is part of a pattern that experts expect to continue, thanks to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, as Desert Research Institute climatologist Dan McEvoy points out, California is still benefitting from a few good years of snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, a cold, wet winter in 2023 produced a solid snowpack that put the state in strong shape heading into the current season. All of that stored water acts as a buffer, helping California ride out a year when snowpack is weaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12073837\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12073837 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/AN2_3834-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/AN2_3834-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/AN2_3834-2000x1333.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/AN2_3834-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/AN2_3834-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/AN2_3834-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Department of Water Resources (from right) Engineer Jacob Kollen, Hydrometeorologist Angelique Fabbiani-Leon and Snow Survey and Water Supply Forecasting Unit Manager Andy Reising, take measurements during the second media snow survey of the 2026 season at Phillips Station in the Sierra Nevada, on Jan. 30, 2026. \u003ccite>(Andrew Nixon/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But experts aren’t ready to say that the 2026 water outlook is worry-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just missing two or three [storms], not having those [cold] storms show up during the winter, can make or break a drought year,” McEvoy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As UC climate scientist Swain put it, this season’s high temperatures, high freezing line and low snowpack “would be less concerning if this were just a totally aberrant anomaly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, he said, our changing climate means “it’s part of a sustained trend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while things may be looking better after this week’s storm, the bigger problem isn’t going away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "This week’s storms, preceded by downpours in December and January, have been good for California’s water supply. But as warming temperatures mean less snow, the picture is complicated.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Ever since \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/california\">California\u003c/a> was pummeled by a series of storms in fall and early winter, experts have said the state’s water supply is looking strong for this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those storms — with a potential bump from the ones hitting much of the state this week — have helped refill reservoirs and eased immediate drought worries in many parts of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But experts also say that a few wet storms don’t mean we’re out of the woods. That’s because this winter is a “classically climate-change-flavored one,” according to Daniel Swain, a weather and climate scientist with UC Agriculture and Natural Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s not because it’s been a particularly dry winter, he explained. It’s because it’s the warmest winter the West has ever seen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the Western U.S., the snowpack is, on average, terrible,” Swain said. “It’s about as bad as it’s ever been in observed history.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12073622\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12073622 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/DonnerPassGetty.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1498\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/DonnerPassGetty.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/DonnerPassGetty-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/DonnerPassGetty-1536x1150.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of trucks piled up during heavy snow near Donner Pass in Truckee, California, on Dec. 24, 2025. \u003ccite>(Tayfun Coskun/Anadolu via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This warm winter creates a wrinkle: While the season’s rain has turned hillsides green, temperatures haven’t been cold enough at low enough elevations to bring as much snow as usual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that has some climate scientists and water managers concerned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s what to know about California’s water outlook as we head into the last months of the wet season.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Snowpack is key — and it’s way behind\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Snowpack — the snow that accumulates in the mountains — is responsible for \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/All-Programs/Climate-Change-Program/Climate-Change-and-Water\">as much as a third\u003c/a> of California’s annual water supply. Think of it like a giant, frozen reservoir that sits above the snowline, or freezing line — the elevation where temperatures are low enough for it to snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California’s snowpack builds up in winter, then slowly melts throughout spring and summer, feeding rivers, moistening soil and vegetation and refilling reservoirs downstream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12073713\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12073713 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/CaliforniaAvalancheAP3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/CaliforniaAvalancheAP3.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/CaliforniaAvalancheAP3-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/CaliforniaAvalancheAP3-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snow covers a street sign on Wednesday, Feb. 18, 2026, in Truckee, California. \u003ccite>(Brooke Hess-Homeier/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But that freezing line is changing, according to Michael Anderson, a climatologist with the California Department of Water Resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In past decades, many storms in the Sierra saw snow starting around 3,500 to 4,000 feet above sea level, according to Anderson. Now, he said, an ideal storm brings snow around 4,000 to 5,000 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, warm temperatures kept that snowline even higher — around 7,000 feet — in many parts of the Sierra.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That brings challenges, according to Anderson. “In the Northern Sierra Nevada, there’s not a whole lot of watershed above 7,000 feet for snow to accumulate,” he said, meaning “there’s not much land for that snow to build up on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential consequences of lost snowpack put experts on edge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, there’s the possibility of greater fire risk. As the snowpack melts, water running down the Sierra helps keep vegetation and soils moist when the weather dries out. The ecosystem has grown to rely on that replenishment; without it, dry vegetation could become fuel for wildfires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snowpack also refills reservoirs as it melts. Without it, we don’t have that steady stream to replenish our water supplies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, reservoir levels are at more than 100% of their historic average overall, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/\">California Department of Water Resources\u003c/a>. That’s thanks to plenty of rain and solid snowpack from previous winters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if a warm winter like this one follows after a few dry years, experts say a weak snowpack could force Californians to curtail water use in the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Sierra Nevada snowpack lagging far behind normal in parts of the state\" aria-label=\"Column Chart\" id=\"datawrapper-chart-FpdUz\" src=\"https://datawrapper.dwcdn.net/FpdUz/2/\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"width: 0; min-width: 100% !important; border: none;\" height=\"500\" data-external=\"1\" width=\"100%\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In a year where we really might need it, if it’s not there, that is the kind of situation where people everywhere in California are gonna notice,” Swain said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the statewide snowpack is sitting at 69% of the normal for this time of year, with the Northern Sierra lagging the most, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/snowapp/sweq.action\">Department of Water Resources\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking ahead, Anderson said he’s hoping for a run of colder storms later this month and in March, with lower freezing elevations that can rebuild a healthier snowpack. If dry or warm stretches drag on for two weeks or longer, he warned, “you’re backsliding a little bit” and possibly losing ground on snowpack, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The current storm could help snowpack — but don’t celebrate yet\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The storm moving through the state may bring the Sierra snowpack closer to normal. But this year’s warm weather is part of a pattern that experts expect to continue, thanks to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fortunately, as Desert Research Institute climatologist Dan McEvoy points out, California is still benefitting from a few good years of snowpack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In particular, a cold, wet winter in 2023 produced a solid snowpack that put the state in strong shape heading into the current season. All of that stored water acts as a buffer, helping California ride out a year when snowpack is weaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12073837\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12073837 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/AN2_3834-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/AN2_3834-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/AN2_3834-2000x1333.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/AN2_3834-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/AN2_3834-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/02/AN2_3834-2048x1365.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Department of Water Resources (from right) Engineer Jacob Kollen, Hydrometeorologist Angelique Fabbiani-Leon and Snow Survey and Water Supply Forecasting Unit Manager Andy Reising, take measurements during the second media snow survey of the 2026 season at Phillips Station in the Sierra Nevada, on Jan. 30, 2026. \u003ccite>(Andrew Nixon/California Department of Water Resources)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But experts aren’t ready to say that the 2026 water outlook is worry-free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just missing two or three [storms], not having those [cold] storms show up during the winter, can make or break a drought year,” McEvoy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As UC climate scientist Swain put it, this season’s high temperatures, high freezing line and low snowpack “would be less concerning if this were just a totally aberrant anomaly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, he said, our changing climate means “it’s part of a sustained trend.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So while things may be looking better after this week’s storm, the bigger problem isn’t going away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "the-story-ends-for-a-nearly-century-old-community-paper-in-the-pacific-palisades",
"title": "The Story Ends for a Nearly Century-Old Community Paper in the Pacific Palisades",
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"headTitle": "The Story Ends for a Nearly Century-Old Community Paper in the Pacific Palisades | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Palisadian-Post, the community paper that’s been covering the Pacific Palisades for nearly 100 years, printed its final issue on Christmas Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After January’s fires, subscriptions basically fell to zero, as did advertisers, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.palipost.com/a-note-of-grief-and-of-hope/\">memo\u003c/a> announcing the paper’s closure from owner Alan Smolinisky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But its end brings with it nearly a century of memories.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Post remembered\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The seaside community of Pacific Palisades was founded by members of the Methodist church in 1922. Six years later, the first issue of what would become the Pali-Post was published to document town life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ A little 12-point, 12-page tabloid, they called the Palisadian” said\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Bill Bruns, a former editor of the Palisadian-Post from 1993 to 2013, and member of the Pacific Palisades Historical Society. Before he was editor, Bruns was a loyal reader of the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068749\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068749\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Bruns (back right) poses for a picture with the rest of the “Palisadian-Post” staff in 2013. \u003ccite>(Bill Bruns/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1934, the paper was purchased by Clifford Clearwater, one of the first settlers of the Palisades. Bruns said Clearwater had been an ambulance driver in World War I, and was the Palisades’s original postal carrier where he would deliver mail by horseback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wasn’t trained as a journalist, but his life experiences gave him the confidence to keep publishing the paper, serving as its photographer and editor until his death in 1956.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had a friend who had a little plane and he would take Cliff up and Cliff would shoot these great aerial pictures of the town growing, hanging out of this little plane,” Bruns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Clearwater took about 3,000 aerial photos of the community as it developed and grew. All of those pictures survived the Palisades Fire and are stored at the Santa Monica Library for the public to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1950, a rival paper — the Pacific Palisades Post — came on the scene and by the end of the next decade, the two papers would merge to become the Pali-Post that most people think of today.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A ‘heyday’ for community news\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The paper changed hands again in 1981 and a little over a decade later, Bruns began as editor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an average of about 30 pages to fill every week, he said what readers appreciated most was the focus on local news. Reporters went in person to cover stories and were often seen at local meetings, sports events and businesses.[aside postID=news_12068252 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/12/IMG_3022-2000x1500.jpg']“So they knew that they were getting firsthand coverage of what was happening in the town,” Bruns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Readers like Sue Kohl who lived in the Palisades for 32 years, respected the breadth of its coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Post covered school sports her children participated in. She said it featured plenty of advertisements from neighborhood businesses, including her own real estate agency. She especially liked the small town bulletin feel of the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They talked about local issues. They talked about local residents, whether they were famous or not famous,” Kohl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of her favorite sections to read was the “Two Cents” column, stray thoughts and opinions from Palisadians. She also appreciated the in-depth obituaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruns said the obit section was always appreciated by the families since the paper didn’t charge for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ Because we didn’t charge, people would write nice obituaries because they weren’t worried about the cost and they would give us a picture and we ran those,” Bruns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068751\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068751\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The old “Pacific-Palisades Post” newsroom from Bruns’ time as editor. After 2013, it was converted into a real estate office by the new owner, which was subsequently lost to the fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Patricia Williams/ Bill Bruns)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The paper was known for its responsiveness to the community. The staff took pitches from readers, Bruns said, and put the spotlight on Palisadians themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a “golden couples” column for anybody married for 50 years or more; a “young Palisadians” column for enterprising youngsters and a “people on the move” column for the movers and shakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper also announced the first birth in the community each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was kind of a cool thing to be the first baby in the Palisades. They gave them prizes like baby gifts and things. Very local, community driven, small town emphasis,” Kohl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More than a paper\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That small town emphasis remained a constant.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Gabriella Bock was a reporter at the Pali-Post from 2016 to 2018. She said it her first real newsroom experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ We were a small, tight-knit news team of myself, a sports reporter and one other staff reporter,” Bock said. “So I was able to be taken under their wing and learn a lot in a short period of time.”[aside postID=news_12068653 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/IMG_6335.jpg']But the paper was more than just a place to work. When Bock got married, her fellow reporters wrote a marriage announcement in the paper. When she was pregnant, they threw her a baby shower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she heard about the paper closing its doors, she said it was heartbreaking. To Bock it’s not about being nostalgic or sentimental about a former workplace. She sees the giant hole the disappearance of another local newsroom can leave people with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s how people learn what’s happening on their block, in their schools, in their city, and when that disappears, people oftentimes will lose a reason to stay engaged at all,” said Bock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruns echoes Bock’s sentiment. He saw the paper as a unifier of the community in his two-decade tenure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just made people feel more like they really liked their town, and the Palisades Post was a crucial element in that whole spirit of community,” Bruns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kohl, whose home is more than halfway rebuilt, hopes that the spirit will return one day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last time she drove through her old neighborhood of The Alphabet Streets she saw several homes in the process of coming back up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have faith that we will all come back, and I hope that the newspaper finds that as well,” said Kohl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "The Story Ends for a Nearly Century-Old Community Paper in the Pacific Palisades | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Palisadian-Post, the community paper that’s been covering the Pacific Palisades for nearly 100 years, printed its final issue on Christmas Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After January’s fires, subscriptions basically fell to zero, as did advertisers, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.palipost.com/a-note-of-grief-and-of-hope/\">memo\u003c/a> announcing the paper’s closure from owner Alan Smolinisky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But its end brings with it nearly a century of memories.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Post remembered\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The seaside community of Pacific Palisades was founded by members of the Methodist church in 1922. Six years later, the first issue of what would become the Pali-Post was published to document town life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ A little 12-point, 12-page tabloid, they called the Palisadian” said\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Bill Bruns, a former editor of the Palisadian-Post from 1993 to 2013, and member of the Pacific Palisades Historical Society. Before he was editor, Bruns was a loyal reader of the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068749\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068749\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/2nd-photo-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bill Bruns (back right) poses for a picture with the rest of the “Palisadian-Post” staff in 2013. \u003ccite>(Bill Bruns/LAist)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1934, the paper was purchased by Clifford Clearwater, one of the first settlers of the Palisades. Bruns said Clearwater had been an ambulance driver in World War I, and was the Palisades’s original postal carrier where he would deliver mail by horseback.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wasn’t trained as a journalist, but his life experiences gave him the confidence to keep publishing the paper, serving as its photographer and editor until his death in 1956.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He had a friend who had a little plane and he would take Cliff up and Cliff would shoot these great aerial pictures of the town growing, hanging out of this little plane,” Bruns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Clearwater took about 3,000 aerial photos of the community as it developed and grew. All of those pictures survived the Palisades Fire and are stored at the Santa Monica Library for the public to see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1950, a rival paper — the Pacific Palisades Post — came on the scene and by the end of the next decade, the two papers would merge to become the Pali-Post that most people think of today.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A ‘heyday’ for community news\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The paper changed hands again in 1981 and a little over a decade later, Bruns began as editor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With an average of about 30 pages to fill every week, he said what readers appreciated most was the focus on local news. Reporters went in person to cover stories and were often seen at local meetings, sports events and businesses.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“So they knew that they were getting firsthand coverage of what was happening in the town,” Bruns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Readers like Sue Kohl who lived in the Palisades for 32 years, respected the breadth of its coverage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Post covered school sports her children participated in. She said it featured plenty of advertisements from neighborhood businesses, including her own real estate agency. She especially liked the small town bulletin feel of the paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They talked about local issues. They talked about local residents, whether they were famous or not famous,” Kohl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of her favorite sections to read was the “Two Cents” column, stray thoughts and opinions from Palisadians. She also appreciated the in-depth obituaries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruns said the obit section was always appreciated by the families since the paper didn’t charge for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ Because we didn’t charge, people would write nice obituaries because they weren’t worried about the cost and they would give us a picture and we ran those,” Bruns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068751\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom.jpeg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068751\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom.jpeg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom-160x107.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/newsroom-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The old “Pacific-Palisades Post” newsroom from Bruns’ time as editor. After 2013, it was converted into a real estate office by the new owner, which was subsequently lost to the fire. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Patricia Williams/ Bill Bruns)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The paper was known for its responsiveness to the community. The staff took pitches from readers, Bruns said, and put the spotlight on Palisadians themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was a “golden couples” column for anybody married for 50 years or more; a “young Palisadians” column for enterprising youngsters and a “people on the move” column for the movers and shakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The paper also announced the first birth in the community each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was kind of a cool thing to be the first baby in the Palisades. They gave them prizes like baby gifts and things. Very local, community driven, small town emphasis,” Kohl said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>More than a paper\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>That small town emphasis remained a constant.\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>Gabriella Bock was a reporter at the Pali-Post from 2016 to 2018. She said it her first real newsroom experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“ We were a small, tight-knit news team of myself, a sports reporter and one other staff reporter,” Bock said. “So I was able to be taken under their wing and learn a lot in a short period of time.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But the paper was more than just a place to work. When Bock got married, her fellow reporters wrote a marriage announcement in the paper. When she was pregnant, they threw her a baby shower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she heard about the paper closing its doors, she said it was heartbreaking. To Bock it’s not about being nostalgic or sentimental about a former workplace. She sees the giant hole the disappearance of another local newsroom can leave people with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s how people learn what’s happening on their block, in their schools, in their city, and when that disappears, people oftentimes will lose a reason to stay engaged at all,” said Bock.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bruns echoes Bock’s sentiment. He saw the paper as a unifier of the community in his two-decade tenure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just made people feel more like they really liked their town, and the Palisades Post was a crucial element in that whole spirit of community,” Bruns said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kohl, whose home is more than halfway rebuilt, hopes that the spirit will return one day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last time she drove through her old neighborhood of The Alphabet Streets she saw several homes in the process of coming back up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have faith that we will all come back, and I hope that the newspaper finds that as well,” said Kohl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "marin-county-looked-like-a-lagoon-after-king-tides-heavy-rain",
"title": "Marin County Looked Like ‘a Lagoon’ After King Tides, Heavy Rain",
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"headTitle": "Marin County Looked Like ‘a Lagoon’ After King Tides, Heavy Rain | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>A 3-foot-tall line of grey sandbags and blue tarps surrounded the entrance of Fitness SF in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/marin-county\">Corte Madera \u003c/a>on Monday morning. This makeshift wall and a temporary pump stopped water from a nearby lagoon from turning the gym into a swamp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would have easily been 2 feet underwater,” said Ryan Davis, the gym’s general manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intensity of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12068616/marin-county-911-service-restored-after-potentially-flood-related-outage\">this weekend’s storm\u003c/a>, coupled with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12018103/king-tides-foreshadow-far-wetter-future-sf-shoreline\">king tide\u003c/a>, caught Marin County cities like Corte Madera, Sausalito and San Rafael off guard. Floodwaters spilled over levees, covered bike trails, and surrounded homes and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials told KQED on Monday the exact damage estimates aren’t yet known, but that hundreds of structures were impacted by the flooding brought on by stronger-than-expected rainfall and king tides, the highest tides of the year. Scientists say these tides, which occur every November, December and January when the sun, moon and Earth align and create a stronger-than-normal gravitational pull, are a foreshadowing of the future in our warming climate. The high tides of today will become the daily tides of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard for everyone to imagine the worst,” Corte Madera Mayor Rosa Thomas said. “People have told me leading up to this, ‘It’s come only this far up my driveway, or that far up my driveway, so I don’t have to prepare for anything more,’ and I think people have to realize that there’s a first time for everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Weather Service Warning Coordination Meteorologist Brian Garcia said the weekend’s storms outperformed his office’s predictions, but that they weren’t out of the realm of possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068729\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12068729 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/FloodingMarinCountyAP.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/FloodingMarinCountyAP.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/FloodingMarinCountyAP-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/FloodingMarinCountyAP-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cars drive on Highway 101, flooded by the “King Tides” on Saturday, Jan. 3, 2026, near Corte Madera in Marin County, California. \u003ccite>(Ethan Swope/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The modeling is based on what we’ve seen in the past, what the physics say, but the climate is changing,” he said, noting that the Bay Area has seen sea level rise of nearly 2 millimeters per year in recent years. While seas have risen only about 8 inches since the 1880s, the ocean and the bay could rise by about a foot by midcentury and more than 6 feet by the end of the century — thanks mainly to human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King tides in the region were already at a 28-year high, at 2.5 feet above ground level according to the weather service’s tidal gauge in San Francisco, and Friday and Saturday’s showers dumped more than 2 inches of rain across areas of Marin, and even more in coastal regions. Strong winds created an additional storm surge, forcing even more water onto land as rain turned streets into rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing stronger storms as we go forward, and the predictions are that we are going to continue to see more intensity in the storms and wilder swings,” Garcia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could mean more flooding situations like last weekend — and more significant ones, since the system was not classified as an atmospheric river, which are common during Bay Area winters and can be marked by higher rainfall totals.[aside postID=news_12068616 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2021/10/GettyImages-1348762301-1020x680.jpg']“An atmospheric river could have made this a lot worse,” Garcia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the scale of the flooding alarmed North Bay Rep. Jared Huffman, who toured some of the county’s flooded areas on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In almost every direction in a place like Marin County, you’ve got vulnerability,” he said. “I hope we don’t have to see catastrophic damage to have a greater commitment to resiliency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water seeped around numerous retail and residential areas in low-lying parts of Marin County, including the Larkspur Marina neighborhood, which sits along the Corte Madera Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The streets looked like a lagoon,” Larkspur Mayor Stephanie Andre said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water pooling on major thoroughfares also caused major delays along Highway 101 over the weekend, after about 2.5 feet of water quickly rose along the route, Thomas said. Exits had to be shut down for multiple hours because of standing water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As rain continued on Monday, the highway’s northbound off-ramp to Highway 1, which leads to Sausalito, was again closed due to flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas said when rain, king tides and storm surge all combine, the impacts don’t just harm those bayfront properties, but “tie up the entire town.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068732\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068732\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/MarinCountyFloodingAP3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1499\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/MarinCountyFloodingAP3.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/MarinCountyFloodingAP3-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/MarinCountyFloodingAP3-1536x1151.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People wade through an RV park flooded by the “King Tides” on Saturday, Jan. 3, 2026, near Corte Madera in Marin County, California. \u003ccite>(Ethan Swope/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That is a call for us to be united in tackling this,” Thomas said. “It’s a county problem, and we have to approach it that way. And we all have to participate in the solutions together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has tasked every county and city around the lip of San Francisco Bay and the coast to come up with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984830/california-mandates-coastal-cities-plan-for-future-sea-level-rise\">sea level rise plan by 2034\u003c/a>. The solutions should ideally deal with today’s flooding and the high water of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas said Corte Madera has a climate action plan to address related issues, like increased flood risk, and is looking at creating physical barriers that can help reroute water. In 2023, the city held \u003ca href=\"https://cortemaderaadapts.org/shoreline\">a listening tour\u003c/a> to develop a community vision for adaptation to a future with rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Larkspur, city officials attempted to get extra pumps into residential areas to drain flood water, but Andre said that pumping isn’t effective during elevated tides. She said that the city is hoping to work with Huffman to secure funding to strengthen some of its coastal retaining walls, especially as Marin continues to deal with sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One neighborhood had applied for $18 million in federal grant funding to build a new sheet pile wall meant to keep water out. County supervisor Mary Sackett said the current 40-year-old berm wouldn’t be able to stop any overtopping of floodwater, threatening homes and the entire road system around Vendola Drive in Santa Venetia, a community in eastern Marin. Like many federal grant programs, issuance of that money has been paused for months under President Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if it did become available, though, it won’t be enough to cover the full cost of the project, and, Huffman said, it “is not sustainable in the long term, especially with these tides and all of the volatility with our weather.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going to give up on funding that longer-term solution,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What those more lasting solutions might look like, local leaders don’t really know. Sackett said the focus is often too local on how to prevent disaster in one city or neighborhood. She said the more pertinent question that needs answering is: “How do we make this entire area more resilient?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"title": "Marin County Looked Like ‘a Lagoon’ After King Tides, Heavy Rain | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A 3-foot-tall line of grey sandbags and blue tarps surrounded the entrance of Fitness SF in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/marin-county\">Corte Madera \u003c/a>on Monday morning. This makeshift wall and a temporary pump stopped water from a nearby lagoon from turning the gym into a swamp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We would have easily been 2 feet underwater,” said Ryan Davis, the gym’s general manager.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The intensity of \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12068616/marin-county-911-service-restored-after-potentially-flood-related-outage\">this weekend’s storm\u003c/a>, coupled with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12018103/king-tides-foreshadow-far-wetter-future-sf-shoreline\">king tide\u003c/a>, caught Marin County cities like Corte Madera, Sausalito and San Rafael off guard. Floodwaters spilled over levees, covered bike trails, and surrounded homes and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials told KQED on Monday the exact damage estimates aren’t yet known, but that hundreds of structures were impacted by the flooding brought on by stronger-than-expected rainfall and king tides, the highest tides of the year. Scientists say these tides, which occur every November, December and January when the sun, moon and Earth align and create a stronger-than-normal gravitational pull, are a foreshadowing of the future in our warming climate. The high tides of today will become the daily tides of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s hard for everyone to imagine the worst,” Corte Madera Mayor Rosa Thomas said. “People have told me leading up to this, ‘It’s come only this far up my driveway, or that far up my driveway, so I don’t have to prepare for anything more,’ and I think people have to realize that there’s a first time for everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Weather Service Warning Coordination Meteorologist Brian Garcia said the weekend’s storms outperformed his office’s predictions, but that they weren’t out of the realm of possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068729\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12068729 size-full\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/FloodingMarinCountyAP.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/FloodingMarinCountyAP.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/FloodingMarinCountyAP-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/FloodingMarinCountyAP-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cars drive on Highway 101, flooded by the “King Tides” on Saturday, Jan. 3, 2026, near Corte Madera in Marin County, California. \u003ccite>(Ethan Swope/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The modeling is based on what we’ve seen in the past, what the physics say, but the climate is changing,” he said, noting that the Bay Area has seen sea level rise of nearly 2 millimeters per year in recent years. While seas have risen only about 8 inches since the 1880s, the ocean and the bay could rise by about a foot by midcentury and more than 6 feet by the end of the century — thanks mainly to human-caused climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>King tides in the region were already at a 28-year high, at 2.5 feet above ground level according to the weather service’s tidal gauge in San Francisco, and Friday and Saturday’s showers dumped more than 2 inches of rain across areas of Marin, and even more in coastal regions. Strong winds created an additional storm surge, forcing even more water onto land as rain turned streets into rivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re seeing stronger storms as we go forward, and the predictions are that we are going to continue to see more intensity in the storms and wilder swings,” Garcia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could mean more flooding situations like last weekend — and more significant ones, since the system was not classified as an atmospheric river, which are common during Bay Area winters and can be marked by higher rainfall totals.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“An atmospheric river could have made this a lot worse,” Garcia said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the scale of the flooding alarmed North Bay Rep. Jared Huffman, who toured some of the county’s flooded areas on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In almost every direction in a place like Marin County, you’ve got vulnerability,” he said. “I hope we don’t have to see catastrophic damage to have a greater commitment to resiliency.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water seeped around numerous retail and residential areas in low-lying parts of Marin County, including the Larkspur Marina neighborhood, which sits along the Corte Madera Creek.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The streets looked like a lagoon,” Larkspur Mayor Stephanie Andre said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water pooling on major thoroughfares also caused major delays along Highway 101 over the weekend, after about 2.5 feet of water quickly rose along the route, Thomas said. Exits had to be shut down for multiple hours because of standing water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As rain continued on Monday, the highway’s northbound off-ramp to Highway 1, which leads to Sausalito, was again closed due to flooding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas said when rain, king tides and storm surge all combine, the impacts don’t just harm those bayfront properties, but “tie up the entire town.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12068732\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12068732\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/MarinCountyFloodingAP3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1499\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/MarinCountyFloodingAP3.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/MarinCountyFloodingAP3-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2026/01/MarinCountyFloodingAP3-1536x1151.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People wade through an RV park flooded by the “King Tides” on Saturday, Jan. 3, 2026, near Corte Madera in Marin County, California. \u003ccite>(Ethan Swope/AP Photo)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“That is a call for us to be united in tackling this,” Thomas said. “It’s a county problem, and we have to approach it that way. And we all have to participate in the solutions together.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has tasked every county and city around the lip of San Francisco Bay and the coast to come up with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1984830/california-mandates-coastal-cities-plan-for-future-sea-level-rise\">sea level rise plan by 2034\u003c/a>. The solutions should ideally deal with today’s flooding and the high water of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thomas said Corte Madera has a climate action plan to address related issues, like increased flood risk, and is looking at creating physical barriers that can help reroute water. In 2023, the city held \u003ca href=\"https://cortemaderaadapts.org/shoreline\">a listening tour\u003c/a> to develop a community vision for adaptation to a future with rising sea levels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Larkspur, city officials attempted to get extra pumps into residential areas to drain flood water, but Andre said that pumping isn’t effective during elevated tides. She said that the city is hoping to work with Huffman to secure funding to strengthen some of its coastal retaining walls, especially as Marin continues to deal with sea level rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One neighborhood had applied for $18 million in federal grant funding to build a new sheet pile wall meant to keep water out. County supervisor Mary Sackett said the current 40-year-old berm wouldn’t be able to stop any overtopping of floodwater, threatening homes and the entire road system around Vendola Drive in Santa Venetia, a community in eastern Marin. Like many federal grant programs, issuance of that money has been paused for months under President Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if it did become available, though, it won’t be enough to cover the full cost of the project, and, Huffman said, it “is not sustainable in the long term, especially with these tides and all of the volatility with our weather.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going to give up on funding that longer-term solution,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What those more lasting solutions might look like, local leaders don’t really know. Sackett said the focus is often too local on how to prevent disaster in one city or neighborhood. She said the more pertinent question that needs answering is: “How do we make this entire area more resilient?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "for-surfers-santa-cruz-waves-are-priceless",
"title": "For Surfers, Santa Cruz Waves Are Priceless",
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"headTitle": "For Surfers, Santa Cruz Waves Are Priceless | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Wednesday, November 26, 2025…\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Santa Cruz County’s surf breaks are free to enjoy, but worth millions. That’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kazu.org/2025-10-03/for-surfers-santa-cruz-waves-are-priceless-a-new-report-gives-them-a-dollar-value\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">one of the findings\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the first report to put a price on the world-renowned surf playground. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Humboldt County recently approved \u003ca href=\"https://www.ijpr.org/environment-energy-and-transportation/2025-11-10/one-of-the-most-intriguing-topics-new-green-cemetery-coming-to-humboldt-county\">its first green cemetery.\u003c/a> The model allows bodies to decompose in a more environmentally friendly way.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kazu.org/2025-10-03/for-surfers-santa-cruz-waves-are-priceless-a-new-report-gives-them-a-dollar-value\">\u003cstrong>Report Looks At Surf Industry’s Economic Impact\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Santa Cruz surf breaks are free to enjoy but worth millions. That’s one of the key findings in the \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.savethewaves.org/surfonomics-and-climate-vulnerability-in-santa-cruz-ca/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cu>first report\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to put a dollar value on this world-renowned surf playground. The report identified 30-odd surf spots dotted across Santa Cruz County’s 7-mile stretch of pumping waves. One of them, Cowell’s Beach, is among the busiest, partly because it’s a good place to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The faint sweetness of blueberry surf wax drifts through the brisk morning air as Thomas Mendoza preps his shortboard in the parking lot of Cowell’s. Mendoza has surfed all over the world but caught his first wave here. He remembers the feeling from the front of his dad’s longboard when he was about 5 or 6 years old. “When you get your first wave and you stand up on it and you’re riding it in, the feeling is electric,” he said, “and I knew right away I was hooked and I was gonna be hooked for the rest of my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Cruz attracts surfers of all levels, but also brings in spectators. In its new report, \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.savethewaves.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cu>Save the Waves\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, a national surf-advocacy nonprofit based in Santa Cruz, found surfing draws in 800,000 people and $200 million to the area each year. “A lot of people say surfing’s priceless,” said Shaun Burns, a pro surfer who also works at Save the Waves. “Putting a number to it is pretty awesome and pretty groundbreaking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the positive. But there are also concerns: the quality and duration of surfable waves is changing with the climate. The 2-year study—dubbed “surfonomics”—found that as sea level rises, sandy beaches will disappear. As a Santa Cruz native, Burns has seen this happen in his lifetime. “Even in the 33 years that I’ve been around, there’s been a wave that has gone extinct,” said Burns. “I grew up boogie boarding a place that no longer breaks just because there’s not enough sand there for the wave to break far enough out to create a rideable wave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"ArtP-headline\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.ijpr.org/environment-energy-and-transportation/2025-11-10/one-of-the-most-intriguing-topics-new-green-cemetery-coming-to-humboldt-county\">\u003cstrong>New Green Cemetery Coming To Humboldt County\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Residents of far Northern California will soon have a new option for their final resting place: Humboldt County’s first green cemetery. The Planning Commission unanimously approved the project recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://sacredfamilygroves.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacred Groves\u003c/a> will create an approximately 44-acre cemetery about a 30-minute drive from Eureka.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green burial means interring an unembalmed body in a biodegradable shroud or casket, without a concrete vault or plastic liner, to promote natural decomposition. Michael Furniss, project applicant and executive director of Sacred Groves, said the soil at the site is perfect. “Good organic matter, good percolation characteristics and infiltration, good aggregate stability, rich biota and is highly fertile,” he said. “It’s really an ideal soil, and that really turns me on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://humboldt.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=14898793&GUID=BE1239E3-E152-404B-9659-995D4FE5BDE3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a staff report\u003c/a>, the carbon footprint for a green burial is one-fifteenth that of a traditional burial and one-tenth that of cremation.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Here are the morning’s top stories on Wednesday, November 26, 2025…\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Santa Cruz County’s surf breaks are free to enjoy, but worth millions. That’s \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kazu.org/2025-10-03/for-surfers-santa-cruz-waves-are-priceless-a-new-report-gives-them-a-dollar-value\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">one of the findings\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> in the first report to put a price on the world-renowned surf playground. \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Humboldt County recently approved \u003ca href=\"https://www.ijpr.org/environment-energy-and-transportation/2025-11-10/one-of-the-most-intriguing-topics-new-green-cemetery-coming-to-humboldt-county\">its first green cemetery.\u003c/a> The model allows bodies to decompose in a more environmentally friendly way.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kazu.org/2025-10-03/for-surfers-santa-cruz-waves-are-priceless-a-new-report-gives-them-a-dollar-value\">\u003cstrong>Report Looks At Surf Industry’s Economic Impact\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Santa Cruz surf breaks are free to enjoy but worth millions. That’s one of the key findings in the \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.savethewaves.org/surfonomics-and-climate-vulnerability-in-santa-cruz-ca/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cu>first report\u003c/u>\u003c/a> to put a dollar value on this world-renowned surf playground. The report identified 30-odd surf spots dotted across Santa Cruz County’s 7-mile stretch of pumping waves. One of them, Cowell’s Beach, is among the busiest, partly because it’s a good place to learn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The faint sweetness of blueberry surf wax drifts through the brisk morning air as Thomas Mendoza preps his shortboard in the parking lot of Cowell’s. Mendoza has surfed all over the world but caught his first wave here. He remembers the feeling from the front of his dad’s longboard when he was about 5 or 6 years old. “When you get your first wave and you stand up on it and you’re riding it in, the feeling is electric,” he said, “and I knew right away I was hooked and I was gonna be hooked for the rest of my life.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Cruz attracts surfers of all levels, but also brings in spectators. In its new report, \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://www.savethewaves.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cu>Save the Waves\u003c/u>\u003c/a>, a national surf-advocacy nonprofit based in Santa Cruz, found surfing draws in 800,000 people and $200 million to the area each year. “A lot of people say surfing’s priceless,” said Shaun Burns, a pro surfer who also works at Save the Waves. “Putting a number to it is pretty awesome and pretty groundbreaking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the positive. But there are also concerns: the quality and duration of surfable waves is changing with the climate. The 2-year study—dubbed “surfonomics”—found that as sea level rises, sandy beaches will disappear. As a Santa Cruz native, Burns has seen this happen in his lifetime. “Even in the 33 years that I’ve been around, there’s been a wave that has gone extinct,” said Burns. “I grew up boogie boarding a place that no longer breaks just because there’s not enough sand there for the wave to break far enough out to create a rideable wave.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"ArtP-headline\">\u003ca href=\"https://www.ijpr.org/environment-energy-and-transportation/2025-11-10/one-of-the-most-intriguing-topics-new-green-cemetery-coming-to-humboldt-county\">\u003cstrong>New Green Cemetery Coming To Humboldt County\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Residents of far Northern California will soon have a new option for their final resting place: Humboldt County’s first green cemetery. The Planning Commission unanimously approved the project recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonprofit \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://sacredfamilygroves.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sacred Groves\u003c/a> will create an approximately 44-acre cemetery about a 30-minute drive from Eureka.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Green burial means interring an unembalmed body in a biodegradable shroud or casket, without a concrete vault or plastic liner, to promote natural decomposition. Michael Furniss, project applicant and executive director of Sacred Groves, said the soil at the site is perfect. “Good organic matter, good percolation characteristics and infiltration, good aggregate stability, rich biota and is highly fertile,” he said. “It’s really an ideal soil, and that really turns me on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca class=\"Link\" href=\"https://humboldt.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=14898793&GUID=BE1239E3-E152-404B-9659-995D4FE5BDE3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a staff report\u003c/a>, the carbon footprint for a green burial is one-fifteenth that of a traditional burial and one-tenth that of cremation.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are your top stories for the morning of Thursday, November 6th, 2025:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Biden-era federal tax breaks for home owners that want to switch from gas-powered appliances in their homes to electric or “greener” solutions are expiring at the end of the year.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Speaker Emerita Nancy Pelosi has announced her retirement from Congress. With the announcement, she will NOT be seeking re-election as representative of San Francisco.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1999095/want-to-electrify-your-home-buy-a-heat-pump-its-go-time\">\u003cstrong>How to Go Electric Around the House Before Costs Go Up\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal tax credits for electrification upgrades around the house are set to expire December 31. The credits were part of the Biden Administration’s efforts to incentivize fighting climate change at home when they were made part of the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, President Trump’s “Big Beautiful Bill” \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/congress-is-killing-clean-energy-tax-credits-heres-how-to-use-them-before-they-disappear\">put an expiration date on the tax credits\u003c/a>–moving the end-date for them from 2032 to the end of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ll walk you through the federal and state-level programs that are in place so home-owners can embrace cleaner energy solutions around the house before their costs go up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12062796/nancy-pelosi-leaves-congress-after-38-years-defining-generations-of-democratic-power\">Nancy Pelosi Announces She Will Not Run for Another Term\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Speaker of the House, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/nancy-pelosi\">Nancy Pelosi\u003c/a>, announced this morning that she will not run for a new term–essentially ending her 38-year career as a congresswoman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trailblazing politician made the announcement in a video titled “Dear San Francisco,” which highlighted not only her accomplishments on Capitol Hill, but how those policies reverberated in her congressional district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since winning election in 1987, Pelosi’s tenure is punctuated by landmark moments, like when she became the first woman to be appointed Speaker of the House, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11892317/nancy-pelosi-on-threats-to-democracy-and-tough-legislative-choices-at-kqed-live\">key legislative wins\u003c/a>, like security federal funding for AIDS and HIV research and helping get the Affordable Care Act passed in congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pelosi was likely to face a number of challengers if she was seeking re-election–candidates are likely to face off against one another, now that she is retiring when her term ends.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late October, California State Senator, Scott Weiner, a\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12060826/state-sen-scott-wiener-is-running-for-pelosis-house-seat-saying-it-was-time\">nnounced his intentions to run for Pelosi’s seat\u003c/a> in the 2026 mid-term elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12033097/hes-challenging-nancy-pelosi-and-the-democratic-party\">Saikat Chakrabarti\u003c/a>, a 39-year-old software engineer and former Chief-of-Staff to Alexandra Ocasio-Cortez, also plans to jump into the race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here are your top stories for the morning of Thursday, November 6th, 2025:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Biden-era federal tax breaks for home owners that want to switch from gas-powered appliances in their homes to electric or “greener” solutions are expiring at the end of the year.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Speaker Emerita Nancy Pelosi has announced her retirement from Congress. With the announcement, she will NOT be seeking re-election as representative of San Francisco.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1999095/want-to-electrify-your-home-buy-a-heat-pump-its-go-time\">\u003cstrong>How to Go Electric Around the House Before Costs Go Up\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal tax credits for electrification upgrades around the house are set to expire December 31. The credits were part of the Biden Administration’s efforts to incentivize fighting climate change at home when they were made part of the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, President Trump’s “Big Beautiful Bill” \u003ca href=\"https://laist.com/news/climate-environment/congress-is-killing-clean-energy-tax-credits-heres-how-to-use-them-before-they-disappear\">put an expiration date on the tax credits\u003c/a>–moving the end-date for them from 2032 to the end of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ll walk you through the federal and state-level programs that are in place so home-owners can embrace cleaner energy solutions around the house before their costs go up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12038703/wolves-roam-california-again-reviving-old-fears-and-new-conflicts-in-ranch-country\">gray wolves returned to California\u003c/a> after hunters wiped out the population a century ago, conservationists and state officials were \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11971756/gray-wolves-returning-to-california\">delighted\u003c/a>. But as the state’s wolf numbers have grown, so has desperation among ranchers in rural northeastern counties whose\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003557/californias-gray-wolf-population-thrives-but-livestock-attacks-surge\"> livestock has increasingly come under attack\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sierra County, where Supervisor Paul Roen told KQED that 95% of cattle ranchers in his district have lost cattle to attacks, state wildlife officials have taken an unprecedented step to deal with the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feed all predators to a certain extent, but we can not be the steakhouse, open every night for them to come and consume. It is just not sustainable,” said Roen, who is also a rancher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After first trying to divert the wolf attacks in other ways, California Department of Fish and Wildlife officials announced Friday that they had euthanized four wolves in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificwolves.org/thebeyemseyopack/\">Beyem Seyo\u003c/a> pack. It marks the first time the state has lethally removed wolves under the California Endangered Species Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pack included a breeding pair, as well as another female and male. A juvenile wolf was also accidentally targeted and killed, mistaken for the breeding male.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12038722\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1774px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12038722\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/0-1-KQED_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1774\" height=\"1183\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/0-1-KQED_1.jpg 1774w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/0-1-KQED_1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/0-1-KQED_1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/0-1-KQED_1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/0-1-KQED_1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1774px) 100vw, 1774px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A gray wolf caught on a trail camera in the California backcountry. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Wolves are one of the state’s most iconic species and co-existence is our collective future, but that comes with tremendous responsibility and sometimes hard decisions,” CDFW Director Charlton Bonham said Friday in an emailed statement. “The Beyem Seyo pack became so reliant on cattle at an unprecedented level, and we could not break the cycle, which ultimately is not good for the long-term recovery of wolves or for people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s investigations in the Sierra Valley area found that between March 28 and Sept. 10, the pack was collectively responsible for 70 total livestock losses, representing 63% of the state’s total. This, said CDFW officials, means the wolves were responsible for one of the highest concentrations of cattle deaths among the Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gray wolves naturally prey on wild ungulates, like deer and elk. However, as the state has changed, so have their tastes, adapting to the new landscape. These particular wolves, the state said, had become conditioned to cattle as a primary food source, a behavior that “persisted and was being passed on to their offspring.”[aside postID=science_1998802 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2025/09/250916_SEAOTTERS_GH-3-KQED.jpg']State officials pursued alternative strategies for months before making the decision. This included “hazing,” or techniques intended to scare wolves off without causing them harm. The U.S. Department of Agriculture sent a team operating drones carrying speakers playing \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/drones-blasting-acdc-are-helping-biologists-protect-cattle-wolves-rcna228262\">AC/DC\u003c/a>, and other loud noises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials sent a “\u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/News/Archive/cdfw-launching-pilot-effort-to-reduce-gray-wolf-attacks-on-livestock\">summer strike team\u003c/a>,” providing ranchers with round-the-clock support. And ranchers locally were “committed,” Roen said, many of them sleeping in their fields all summer, trying to “dissuade and haze wolves out of the livestock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a shame that it had to only come to that,” Roen said. “Nobody’s happy about what happened, but everybody’s relieved that something was done to help stop the siege that we were living in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolves are listed as a recovering endangered species, which means it’s illegal to kill them under state and federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with other California predators, like the grizzly bear, wolves were hunted into extirpation during European colonization and settlement of the West. This all changed in December 2011, when a gray wolf named OR-7 crossed into California’s Siskiyou County, the first confirmed wild wolf spotted in the state since 1924.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10780879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10780879\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ShastaPackPups.jpg\" alt=\"Several gray wolf pups, dubbed the Shasta Pack, were captured by a remote camera in Siskiyou County this past August. They were the first gray wolf pups found in the state in nearly a century.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1183\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ShastaPackPups.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ShastaPackPups-400x246.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ShastaPackPups-800x493.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ShastaPackPups-1440x887.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ShastaPackPups-1180x727.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ShastaPackPups-960x592.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Several gray wolf pups, dubbed the Shasta Pack, were captured by a remote camera in Siskiyou County this past August. They were the first gray wolf pups found in the state in nearly a century. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ten packs of wolves now live in California, all descendants of the famed wolf reintroduction to Yellowstone National Park in 1995. The return of the apex predator after a 70-year absence ushered in a noticeable and profound impact on the local ecology, “changing the rivers,” as a viral 2014 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysa5OBhXz-Q\">video\u003c/a> put it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaggie Orrick, the director of the California Wolf Project at UC Berkeley, said that any loss of life in the state is tragic, whether it’s the death of the wolves or the loss of cattle in the Sierra Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balancing the protection of individual animals with the success of a species as a whole, she said, is a constant struggle within conservation work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The removal of one pack is not necessarily going to be detrimental for wolf recovery across the state,” she said. “We are going to continue to see other packs populate and disperse throughout all of California. That also speaks to the fact that we need to really be focused on improving management and the science of wolves in the state, because they’re only going to just keep coming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/dventon\">\u003cem>Danielle Venton\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12038703/wolves-roam-california-again-reviving-old-fears-and-new-conflicts-in-ranch-country\">gray wolves returned to California\u003c/a> after hunters wiped out the population a century ago, conservationists and state officials were \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11971756/gray-wolves-returning-to-california\">delighted\u003c/a>. But as the state’s wolf numbers have grown, so has desperation among ranchers in rural northeastern counties whose\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12003557/californias-gray-wolf-population-thrives-but-livestock-attacks-surge\"> livestock has increasingly come under attack\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Sierra County, where Supervisor Paul Roen told KQED that 95% of cattle ranchers in his district have lost cattle to attacks, state wildlife officials have taken an unprecedented step to deal with the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feed all predators to a certain extent, but we can not be the steakhouse, open every night for them to come and consume. It is just not sustainable,” said Roen, who is also a rancher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After first trying to divert the wolf attacks in other ways, California Department of Fish and Wildlife officials announced Friday that they had euthanized four wolves in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificwolves.org/thebeyemseyopack/\">Beyem Seyo\u003c/a> pack. It marks the first time the state has lethally removed wolves under the California Endangered Species Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pack included a breeding pair, as well as another female and male. A juvenile wolf was also accidentally targeted and killed, mistaken for the breeding male.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12038722\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1774px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12038722\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/0-1-KQED_1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1774\" height=\"1183\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/0-1-KQED_1.jpg 1774w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/0-1-KQED_1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/0-1-KQED_1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/0-1-KQED_1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/0-1-KQED_1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1774px) 100vw, 1774px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A gray wolf caught on a trail camera in the California backcountry. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Wolves are one of the state’s most iconic species and co-existence is our collective future, but that comes with tremendous responsibility and sometimes hard decisions,” CDFW Director Charlton Bonham said Friday in an emailed statement. “The Beyem Seyo pack became so reliant on cattle at an unprecedented level, and we could not break the cycle, which ultimately is not good for the long-term recovery of wolves or for people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s investigations in the Sierra Valley area found that between March 28 and Sept. 10, the pack was collectively responsible for 70 total livestock losses, representing 63% of the state’s total. This, said CDFW officials, means the wolves were responsible for one of the highest concentrations of cattle deaths among the Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gray wolves naturally prey on wild ungulates, like deer and elk. However, as the state has changed, so have their tastes, adapting to the new landscape. These particular wolves, the state said, had become conditioned to cattle as a primary food source, a behavior that “persisted and was being passed on to their offspring.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>State officials pursued alternative strategies for months before making the decision. This included “hazing,” or techniques intended to scare wolves off without causing them harm. The U.S. Department of Agriculture sent a team operating drones carrying speakers playing \u003ca href=\"https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/drones-blasting-acdc-are-helping-biologists-protect-cattle-wolves-rcna228262\">AC/DC\u003c/a>, and other loud noises.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State officials sent a “\u003ca href=\"https://wildlife.ca.gov/News/Archive/cdfw-launching-pilot-effort-to-reduce-gray-wolf-attacks-on-livestock\">summer strike team\u003c/a>,” providing ranchers with round-the-clock support. And ranchers locally were “committed,” Roen said, many of them sleeping in their fields all summer, trying to “dissuade and haze wolves out of the livestock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a shame that it had to only come to that,” Roen said. “Nobody’s happy about what happened, but everybody’s relieved that something was done to help stop the siege that we were living in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wolves are listed as a recovering endangered species, which means it’s illegal to kill them under state and federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with other California predators, like the grizzly bear, wolves were hunted into extirpation during European colonization and settlement of the West. This all changed in December 2011, when a gray wolf named OR-7 crossed into California’s Siskiyou County, the first confirmed wild wolf spotted in the state since 1924.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10780879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10780879\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ShastaPackPups.jpg\" alt=\"Several gray wolf pups, dubbed the Shasta Pack, were captured by a remote camera in Siskiyou County this past August. They were the first gray wolf pups found in the state in nearly a century.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1183\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ShastaPackPups.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ShastaPackPups-400x246.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ShastaPackPups-800x493.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ShastaPackPups-1440x887.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ShastaPackPups-1180x727.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/ShastaPackPups-960x592.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Several gray wolf pups, dubbed the Shasta Pack, were captured by a remote camera in Siskiyou County this past August. They were the first gray wolf pups found in the state in nearly a century. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the California Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ten packs of wolves now live in California, all descendants of the famed wolf reintroduction to Yellowstone National Park in 1995. The return of the apex predator after a 70-year absence ushered in a noticeable and profound impact on the local ecology, “changing the rivers,” as a viral 2014 \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ysa5OBhXz-Q\">video\u003c/a> put it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kaggie Orrick, the director of the California Wolf Project at UC Berkeley, said that any loss of life in the state is tragic, whether it’s the death of the wolves or the loss of cattle in the Sierra Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Balancing the protection of individual animals with the success of a species as a whole, she said, is a constant struggle within conservation work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The removal of one pack is not necessarily going to be detrimental for wolf recovery across the state,” she said. “We are going to continue to see other packs populate and disperse throughout all of California. That also speaks to the fact that we need to really be focused on improving management and the science of wolves in the state, because they’re only going to just keep coming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/author/dventon\">\u003cem>Danielle Venton\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "dubai-chocolate-recipe-pistachios-climate-change-california",
"title": "Pistachios and Climate Change: Inside Dubai Chocolate Is a Very California Story",
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"headTitle": "Pistachios and Climate Change: Inside Dubai Chocolate Is a Very California Story | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The warm and velvety smell of cacao permeates every corner of The Xocolate Bar, an independent chocolate shop in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/berkeley\">Berkeley.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the kitchen, you’ll also detect the aroma of freshly ground pistachios, as owner Malena López-Maggi blends these crunchy green gems down to a rich and silky butter — all in pursuit of the tastiest “Dubai chocolate” bar she can conjure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This crunchy, gooey and savory combination of chocolate, pistachio cream, tahini and \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadayif\">kataifi\u003c/a> — has become \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20250502-how-dubai-chocolate-conquered-the-world\">a worldwide culinary phenomenon\u003c/a> since United Arab Emirates-based chocolatier Sarah Hamouda \u003ca href=\"https://www.falstaff.com/en/news/falstaff-exclusive-an-interview-with-sarah-hamouda-creator-of-dubai-chocolate\">first crafted the recipe\u003c/a> in 2021. In the years since, influencers from \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@huda/video/7397490808200482078\">all over the world\u003c/a> have posted videos of themselves \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@mariavehera257/video/7313986849104481538\">savoring Dubai chocolate\u003c/a>, which has now become synonymous with a certain feeling of epicurean luxury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You have to \u003cem>taste \u003c/em>Dubai chocolate to understand why it’s become such a social media phenomenon, López-Maggi says. “The kataifi is nice and toasty, then you mix it with really creamy pistachio butter and shove it into a thick chocolate shell. When you bite it, it’s audibly crunchy — an \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCDtnBewXHM\">ASMR-type of sound\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As demand for Hamoud’s creation has skyrocketed — 1.2 million bars were sold \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/31/walmart-shake-shack-trader-joes-dubai-chocolate.html\">at Dubai’s airport alone in April\u003c/a> — the concoction has been used in everything from \u003ca href=\"https://www.ghirardelli.com/stores/sf-original\">sundaes\u003c/a> at San Francisco’s Ghirardelli Square to \u003ca href=\"https://secretlosangeles.com/matcha-labubu-dubai-chocolate-la/\">edible Labubus\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12060312\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-05-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12060312\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-05-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-05-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-05-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-05-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Malena Lopez-Maggi, owner and chocolatier, at The Xocolate Bar in Berkeley on Oct. 16, 2025. She co-founded the chocolate business in 2006 and is known for crafting artisanal, plant-based chocolates. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>López-Maggi says she didn’t jump on the Dubai chocolate craze when she first saw it on her social media feed last year. “We thought this was going to blow over quickly — ‘it’s a TikTok trend,’” she recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike other online fads of the 2020s, the allure of this sweet treat has far from faded. With customers coming into her stores every week looking for Dubai chocolate, López-Maggi crafted her own recipe earlier this year. And for one key ingredient — the pistachios that give the chocolate bar its bright-green accents — she turned not to her previous Italian suppliers but to California’s Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you savor a chocolate treat mixed with pistachio in the United States, while you may just see Dubai’s name on the label it’s actually rural California towns — Mendota, Coalinga, Wasco, Chowchilla, to name a few — that harvest \u003ca href=\"https://acpistachios.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2024-Pistachio-Statistics.pdf\">over 98% of pistachios\u003c/a> grown nationally. And sourcing her pistachios so close to home helped López-Maggi cut costs when the \u003ca href=\"https://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/cocoa\">price of cocoa quadrupled\u003c/a> in just a few years due to ongoing \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/ivory-coasts-mid-crop-cocoa-output-expected-drop-around-40-due-long-drought-2025-03-18/\">drought conditions in West Africa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Dubai chocolate’s popularity soars, so has \u003ca href=\"https://acpistachios.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/08-2024-Inventory-Shipment-Tons.pdf\">the demand\u003c/a> for this unassuming nut that for decades has quietly thrived in the heat of the Central Valley and provided a livelihood to generations of rural and immigrant communities. But while the state’s pistachio growers and chocolatiers have big dreams of what could come from this culinary phenomenon, California faces a dryer, hotter future that could soon put all of that to the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The view from pistachio country\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Walking between the rows of pistachio trees in a Fresno County orchard, dressed in a black cowboy hat and boots, William Bordeau points out the large machine moving from tree to tree — clamping onto each’s trunk and vigorously shaking thousands of ripe nuts from its branches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing in this orchard, the long-tailed machine — known as a tree shaker — feels like it’s conjuring earthquakes with each jolt. Ripe pistachios rain down into large containers and within hours, the tree shaker can collect up to 3,000 pounds of nuts.[aside postID=news_12050185 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/CAT-%E2%80%94-Save-or-Scroll-with-Daysia-Tolentino-and-Moises-Mendez-II.png']Bordeau has been a U.S. Marine, a casino manager and a schoolteacher, but says that pistachio grower is one of the most satisfying jobs he’s had. There may be more money in other industries, he adds, “but you don’t feel like you’re giving back to society like you do when you’re providing safe, affordable, nutritious food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in the small town of Coalinga to a family that’s lived in the Central Valley for four generations, Bordeau has worked with all kinds of crops. “This is some of the most productive land in the world,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But pistachios are tricky. A tree must first grow for about seven years until it’s ready to yield nuts that can be sold on the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many farmers, that’s too long. But those who do wait get to reap the rewards: a crop that can live on significantly less water than its more popular cousin, almonds. “This is a hardy plant,” Bordeau says. “Pistachios are very drought tolerant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pistachios are native to the deserts of Central Asia, and the long, dry Central Valley summers pack enough heat, comparatively, for them to grow. Only Iran — where farmers have been growing them for millennia — rivals how much California can produce: Just last year, the Golden State harvested \u003ca href=\"https://acpistachios.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2024-Pistachio-Statistics.pdf\">over a billion pounds\u003c/a> of this little green nut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Historically, pistachios have been seen more as a snack,” Bordeau says. “But we also want it to be something you can have in all these wonderful dishes, like Dubai chocolate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>No water, no pistachios\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>How much water a California farmer can use is determined by \u003ca href=\"https://sgma.water.ca.gov/portal/gsa/all\">a local water district\u003c/a> that keeps track of available groundwater and distributes it accordingly. But those agencies have limits — and \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/sgma-groundwater-management\">state law\u003c/a> requires them to hand out only as much water as underground aquifers can handle without running dry over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if California has a dry year when aquifers are running low, farmers like Bordeau receive a much smaller allocation, regardless of market demand for the crop they’re growing. And water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta — the only other source of water for many pistachio farms — is controlled by \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/R45342\">federal regulators\u003c/a> that cut water deliveries if they threaten \u003ca href=\"https://www.opb.org/article/2022/12/15/some-of-america-s-biggest-vegetable-growers-fought-for-water-then-the-water-ran-out/\">the survival of wildlife in the Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12059863\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-05-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12059863\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-05-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-05-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-05-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-05-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers run a machine that shakes pistachio trees during harvest at Joe Coelho’s family orchard in Coalinga, Calif., on Oct. 7, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While pistachios may be less water-dependent than other crops, “if we’re not allocated any water, we can’t farm,” says Bordeau, who also sits on the board of directors of the Westlands Water District, the largest agricultural water agency in the U.S.. “We need to invest in our water infrastructure: reservoirs, conveyance mechanisms and canals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a paradox wrapped in gold foil: the key ingredients of Dubai chocolate — \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/climate-change-cacao-crops-west-africa/\">cacao\u003c/a> and pistachios — are both highly vulnerable to climate change, a crisis partly fueled by greenhouse gas emissions. And the United Arab Emirates, home to Dubai, ranks among the \u003ca href=\"https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2023#emissions_table\">world’s top emitters\u003c/a> on a per capita basis. On a warmer planet, farmers will need more water to keep growing these crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the state level, Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2025/05/14/governor-newsoms-budget-calls-for-fast-track-of-critical-water-infrastructure-project/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">is betting big\u003c/a> on the controversial $20 billion Delta Conveyance Project, which would move more water from the state’s northern half through a tunnel to then distribute to other regions. And even President Donald Trump has stepped into California’s water woes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/putting-people-over-fish-stopping-radical-environmentalism-to-provide-water-to-southern-california/\">ordering his administration\u003c/a> on his first day back in the White House to “route more water” from reservoirs in the Delta to the Central Valley — an action many state officials \u003ca href=\"https://washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2025/03/07/trump-water-release-california-fires/\">labeled as a publicity stunt\u003c/a>.[aside postID=news_12050185 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/07/CAT-%E2%80%94-Save-or-Scroll-with-Daysia-Tolentino-and-Moises-Mendez-II.png']But researchers warn that due to climate change, California faces a future where droughts will become \u003ca href=\"https://climateresilience.ca.gov/overview/impacts.html/\">more frequent and longer\u003c/a>. Warmer temperatures could \u003ca href=\"https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=396645\">also increase soil salinity\u003c/a> — how much salt is in the ground — and push farmers to use more water to counteract it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to make every single drop of water count, growers have teamed up with environmentalists to design \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wVcVLxMZHg&list=UU7g5TlGMzbT59xGXfyUciVQ&index=5\">more efficient irrigation methods\u003c/a> and in some instances, abandoning more water-intensive crops. But a drought that lasts multiple years could strain even pistachios, which can normally weather more saline conditions, says Phoebe Gordon, orchard systems advisor at the UC Agriculture and Natural Resources unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How long can you keep on irrigating these trees under limited water conditions and have them continue to perform, to be able to pay the bills?” asks Gordon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yield will decline — that is absolutely not a question,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The melting point\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Outside of the Central Valley, climate change is coming for the other parts of your Dubai chocolate bar, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When droughts in West Africa caused cocoa prices to skyrocket earlier this year, Bay Area chocolatier López-Maggi had to let go half of her staff and shut down her wholesale business, which supplied over 400 retail stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12060311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-02-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12060311\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-02-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-02-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-02-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-02-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Boxes of Dubai chocolates sit on the shelf at The Xocolate Bar in Berkeley on Oct. 16, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Wholesale margins are already so thin that when your ingredient prices more than double — I mean, people are only willing to pay a certain amount for food,” she says. “So many of my colleagues went out of business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cocoa prices are slowly coming back down to Earth, but López-Maggi is preparing for a future where climate change permanently alters the chocolate supply chain. In response to these fluctuating costs, big brands like Hershey’s and Mars are already marketing products \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-02-29/rising-cocoa-prices-drive-mars-hersey-to-use-less-chocolate\">with less chocolate content\u003c/a>, or substituting it with cheaper alternatives like palm oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nothing can replace the best ingredients, López-Maggi says. “Chocolate, it’s \u003ca href=\"https://exhibits.library.cornell.edu/chocolate-food-of-the-gods/feature/theobroma-cacao-food-of-the-gods\">called \u003cem>theobroma cacao\u003c/em>\u003c/a> for a reason: food of the gods,” she says. “There’s all these special magic things about chocolate you just can’t fake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the Central Valley, it’s farmworkers who are the first to feel the consequences when there’s not enough water here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12059868\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-23-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12059868\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-23-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-23-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-23-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-23-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pistachio trees line the road at Joe Coelho’s family orchard in Coalinga, Calif., on Oct. 7, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When we plant less, that equals less jobs for people,” says Joe Coelho, a Fresno County farmer and director of sustainability and member outreach for the industry group American Pistachio Growers. Many people who work his fields are from the small town of Mendota, a community where over 90% of residents are Latino. A large proportion of residents have recently arrived from El Salvador and about a third live below the federal poverty line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://data.census.gov/profile/Mendota_city,_California?g=160XX00US0646828\">latest Census data\u003c/a>, around half of Mendota residents are unemployed — a number that can spike dramatically during drought years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are our friends, our family. I’ve spent years of my life bleeding in the fields with these people,” says Coelho, who grew up on a farm in nearby Riverdale. “Agriculture is the backbone of life out here in the Central Valley.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coelho first met fellow pistachio grower Bordeau when they were both in their teens. Decades later, the two have their own families and farms. They can talk about almost anything for hours: pistachios, new irrigation technologies and the heat from the Central Valley sun, which quickly evaporates any drop of water that falls on the soil here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to find a way that we can still succeed,” Bordeau says. “Solutions exist, man.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The warm and velvety smell of cacao permeates every corner of The Xocolate Bar, an independent chocolate shop in \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/berkeley\">Berkeley.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the kitchen, you’ll also detect the aroma of freshly ground pistachios, as owner Malena López-Maggi blends these crunchy green gems down to a rich and silky butter — all in pursuit of the tastiest “Dubai chocolate” bar she can conjure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This crunchy, gooey and savory combination of chocolate, pistachio cream, tahini and \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadayif\">kataifi\u003c/a> — has become \u003ca href=\"https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20250502-how-dubai-chocolate-conquered-the-world\">a worldwide culinary phenomenon\u003c/a> since United Arab Emirates-based chocolatier Sarah Hamouda \u003ca href=\"https://www.falstaff.com/en/news/falstaff-exclusive-an-interview-with-sarah-hamouda-creator-of-dubai-chocolate\">first crafted the recipe\u003c/a> in 2021. In the years since, influencers from \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@huda/video/7397490808200482078\">all over the world\u003c/a> have posted videos of themselves \u003ca href=\"https://www.tiktok.com/@mariavehera257/video/7313986849104481538\">savoring Dubai chocolate\u003c/a>, which has now become synonymous with a certain feeling of epicurean luxury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You have to \u003cem>taste \u003c/em>Dubai chocolate to understand why it’s become such a social media phenomenon, López-Maggi says. “The kataifi is nice and toasty, then you mix it with really creamy pistachio butter and shove it into a thick chocolate shell. When you bite it, it’s audibly crunchy — an \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZCDtnBewXHM\">ASMR-type of sound\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As demand for Hamoud’s creation has skyrocketed — 1.2 million bars were sold \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/31/walmart-shake-shack-trader-joes-dubai-chocolate.html\">at Dubai’s airport alone in April\u003c/a> — the concoction has been used in everything from \u003ca href=\"https://www.ghirardelli.com/stores/sf-original\">sundaes\u003c/a> at San Francisco’s Ghirardelli Square to \u003ca href=\"https://secretlosangeles.com/matcha-labubu-dubai-chocolate-la/\">edible Labubus\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12060312\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-05-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12060312\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-05-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-05-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-05-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-05-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Malena Lopez-Maggi, owner and chocolatier, at The Xocolate Bar in Berkeley on Oct. 16, 2025. She co-founded the chocolate business in 2006 and is known for crafting artisanal, plant-based chocolates. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>López-Maggi says she didn’t jump on the Dubai chocolate craze when she first saw it on her social media feed last year. “We thought this was going to blow over quickly — ‘it’s a TikTok trend,’” she recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But unlike other online fads of the 2020s, the allure of this sweet treat has far from faded. With customers coming into her stores every week looking for Dubai chocolate, López-Maggi crafted her own recipe earlier this year. And for one key ingredient — the pistachios that give the chocolate bar its bright-green accents — she turned not to her previous Italian suppliers but to California’s Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you savor a chocolate treat mixed with pistachio in the United States, while you may just see Dubai’s name on the label it’s actually rural California towns — Mendota, Coalinga, Wasco, Chowchilla, to name a few — that harvest \u003ca href=\"https://acpistachios.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2024-Pistachio-Statistics.pdf\">over 98% of pistachios\u003c/a> grown nationally. And sourcing her pistachios so close to home helped López-Maggi cut costs when the \u003ca href=\"https://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/cocoa\">price of cocoa quadrupled\u003c/a> in just a few years due to ongoing \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/markets/commodities/ivory-coasts-mid-crop-cocoa-output-expected-drop-around-40-due-long-drought-2025-03-18/\">drought conditions in West Africa\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Dubai chocolate’s popularity soars, so has \u003ca href=\"https://acpistachios.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/08-2024-Inventory-Shipment-Tons.pdf\">the demand\u003c/a> for this unassuming nut that for decades has quietly thrived in the heat of the Central Valley and provided a livelihood to generations of rural and immigrant communities. But while the state’s pistachio growers and chocolatiers have big dreams of what could come from this culinary phenomenon, California faces a dryer, hotter future that could soon put all of that to the test.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The view from pistachio country\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Walking between the rows of pistachio trees in a Fresno County orchard, dressed in a black cowboy hat and boots, William Bordeau points out the large machine moving from tree to tree — clamping onto each’s trunk and vigorously shaking thousands of ripe nuts from its branches.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing in this orchard, the long-tailed machine — known as a tree shaker — feels like it’s conjuring earthquakes with each jolt. Ripe pistachios rain down into large containers and within hours, the tree shaker can collect up to 3,000 pounds of nuts.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Bordeau has been a U.S. Marine, a casino manager and a schoolteacher, but says that pistachio grower is one of the most satisfying jobs he’s had. There may be more money in other industries, he adds, “but you don’t feel like you’re giving back to society like you do when you’re providing safe, affordable, nutritious food.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in the small town of Coalinga to a family that’s lived in the Central Valley for four generations, Bordeau has worked with all kinds of crops. “This is some of the most productive land in the world,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But pistachios are tricky. A tree must first grow for about seven years until it’s ready to yield nuts that can be sold on the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For many farmers, that’s too long. But those who do wait get to reap the rewards: a crop that can live on significantly less water than its more popular cousin, almonds. “This is a hardy plant,” Bordeau says. “Pistachios are very drought tolerant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pistachios are native to the deserts of Central Asia, and the long, dry Central Valley summers pack enough heat, comparatively, for them to grow. Only Iran — where farmers have been growing them for millennia — rivals how much California can produce: Just last year, the Golden State harvested \u003ca href=\"https://acpistachios.wpenginepowered.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/2024-Pistachio-Statistics.pdf\">over a billion pounds\u003c/a> of this little green nut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Historically, pistachios have been seen more as a snack,” Bordeau says. “But we also want it to be something you can have in all these wonderful dishes, like Dubai chocolate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>No water, no pistachios\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>How much water a California farmer can use is determined by \u003ca href=\"https://sgma.water.ca.gov/portal/gsa/all\">a local water district\u003c/a> that keeps track of available groundwater and distributes it accordingly. But those agencies have limits — and \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/programs/groundwater-management/sgma-groundwater-management\">state law\u003c/a> requires them to hand out only as much water as underground aquifers can handle without running dry over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if California has a dry year when aquifers are running low, farmers like Bordeau receive a much smaller allocation, regardless of market demand for the crop they’re growing. And water from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta — the only other source of water for many pistachio farms — is controlled by \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/R45342\">federal regulators\u003c/a> that cut water deliveries if they threaten \u003ca href=\"https://www.opb.org/article/2022/12/15/some-of-america-s-biggest-vegetable-growers-fought-for-water-then-the-water-ran-out/\">the survival of wildlife in the Delta\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12059863\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-05-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12059863\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-05-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-05-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-05-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-05-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers run a machine that shakes pistachio trees during harvest at Joe Coelho’s family orchard in Coalinga, Calif., on Oct. 7, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While pistachios may be less water-dependent than other crops, “if we’re not allocated any water, we can’t farm,” says Bordeau, who also sits on the board of directors of the Westlands Water District, the largest agricultural water agency in the U.S.. “We need to invest in our water infrastructure: reservoirs, conveyance mechanisms and canals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a paradox wrapped in gold foil: the key ingredients of Dubai chocolate — \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbsnews.com/news/climate-change-cacao-crops-west-africa/\">cacao\u003c/a> and pistachios — are both highly vulnerable to climate change, a crisis partly fueled by greenhouse gas emissions. And the United Arab Emirates, home to Dubai, ranks among the \u003ca href=\"https://edgar.jrc.ec.europa.eu/report_2023#emissions_table\">world’s top emitters\u003c/a> on a per capita basis. On a warmer planet, farmers will need more water to keep growing these crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the state level, Gov. Gavin Newsom \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2025/05/14/governor-newsoms-budget-calls-for-fast-track-of-critical-water-infrastructure-project/?utm_source=chatgpt.com\">is betting big\u003c/a> on the controversial $20 billion Delta Conveyance Project, which would move more water from the state’s northern half through a tunnel to then distribute to other regions. And even President Donald Trump has stepped into California’s water woes, \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/presidential-actions/2025/01/putting-people-over-fish-stopping-radical-environmentalism-to-provide-water-to-southern-california/\">ordering his administration\u003c/a> on his first day back in the White House to “route more water” from reservoirs in the Delta to the Central Valley — an action many state officials \u003ca href=\"https://washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2025/03/07/trump-water-release-california-fires/\">labeled as a publicity stunt\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>But researchers warn that due to climate change, California faces a future where droughts will become \u003ca href=\"https://climateresilience.ca.gov/overview/impacts.html/\">more frequent and longer\u003c/a>. Warmer temperatures could \u003ca href=\"https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=396645\">also increase soil salinity\u003c/a> — how much salt is in the ground — and push farmers to use more water to counteract it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to make every single drop of water count, growers have teamed up with environmentalists to design \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wVcVLxMZHg&list=UU7g5TlGMzbT59xGXfyUciVQ&index=5\">more efficient irrigation methods\u003c/a> and in some instances, abandoning more water-intensive crops. But a drought that lasts multiple years could strain even pistachios, which can normally weather more saline conditions, says Phoebe Gordon, orchard systems advisor at the UC Agriculture and Natural Resources unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“How long can you keep on irrigating these trees under limited water conditions and have them continue to perform, to be able to pay the bills?” asks Gordon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yield will decline — that is absolutely not a question,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The melting point\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Outside of the Central Valley, climate change is coming for the other parts of your Dubai chocolate bar, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When droughts in West Africa caused cocoa prices to skyrocket earlier this year, Bay Area chocolatier López-Maggi had to let go half of her staff and shut down her wholesale business, which supplied over 400 retail stores.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12060311\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-02-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12060311\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-02-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-02-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-02-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251016-DUBAICHOCOLATES-02-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Boxes of Dubai chocolates sit on the shelf at The Xocolate Bar in Berkeley on Oct. 16, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Wholesale margins are already so thin that when your ingredient prices more than double — I mean, people are only willing to pay a certain amount for food,” she says. “So many of my colleagues went out of business.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cocoa prices are slowly coming back down to Earth, but López-Maggi is preparing for a future where climate change permanently alters the chocolate supply chain. In response to these fluctuating costs, big brands like Hershey’s and Mars are already marketing products \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2024-02-29/rising-cocoa-prices-drive-mars-hersey-to-use-less-chocolate\">with less chocolate content\u003c/a>, or substituting it with cheaper alternatives like palm oil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But nothing can replace the best ingredients, López-Maggi says. “Chocolate, it’s \u003ca href=\"https://exhibits.library.cornell.edu/chocolate-food-of-the-gods/feature/theobroma-cacao-food-of-the-gods\">called \u003cem>theobroma cacao\u003c/em>\u003c/a> for a reason: food of the gods,” she says. “There’s all these special magic things about chocolate you just can’t fake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in the Central Valley, it’s farmworkers who are the first to feel the consequences when there’s not enough water here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12059868\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003ca href=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-23-BL-KQED.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12059868\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-23-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-23-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-23-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/10/251007-PISTACHIOS-23-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pistachio trees line the road at Joe Coelho’s family orchard in Coalinga, Calif., on Oct. 7, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“When we plant less, that equals less jobs for people,” says Joe Coelho, a Fresno County farmer and director of sustainability and member outreach for the industry group American Pistachio Growers. Many people who work his fields are from the small town of Mendota, a community where over 90% of residents are Latino. A large proportion of residents have recently arrived from El Salvador and about a third live below the federal poverty line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://data.census.gov/profile/Mendota_city,_California?g=160XX00US0646828\">latest Census data\u003c/a>, around half of Mendota residents are unemployed — a number that can spike dramatically during drought years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are our friends, our family. I’ve spent years of my life bleeding in the fields with these people,” says Coelho, who grew up on a farm in nearby Riverdale. “Agriculture is the backbone of life out here in the Central Valley.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coelho first met fellow pistachio grower Bordeau when they were both in their teens. Decades later, the two have their own families and farms. They can talk about almost anything for hours: pistachios, new irrigation technologies and the heat from the Central Valley sun, which quickly evaporates any drop of water that falls on the soil here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to find a way that we can still succeed,” Bordeau says. “Solutions exist, man.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "urgent-need-benicia-braces-for-economic-future-without-valero",
"title": "‘Urgent Need’: Benicia Braces for Economic Future Without Valero",
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"headTitle": "‘Urgent Need’: Benicia Braces for Economic Future Without Valero | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Solano County city of Benicia is projected to lose $10.7 million in annual revenue when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12040941/benicia-takes-first-steps-toward-future-without-valero-refinery\">the Valero refinery in its backyard closes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s according to an economic impact report commissioned by the city, confirming \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12040941/benicia-takes-first-steps-toward-future-without-valero-refinery\">previous estimates\u003c/a>. Along with the 400 refinery jobs that will be lost, hundreds of other jobs will be affected, the report also said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study outlined what it describes as an “urgent need” for the city to plan how it can stabilize its finances and transition its workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The City will need to consider a range of responses — from attracting new industrial users to supporting affected workers and businesses — while continuing to preserve core services and long-term community resilience,” the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Manager Mario Giuliani said Benicia now faces its “most significant challenge” since the U.S. Army closed the Benicia Arsenal in 1964. City officials orchestrated the transformation of the site into an industrial park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12039647\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12039647\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250509-BENICIAREFINERY-42-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250509-BENICIAREFINERY-42-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250509-BENICIAREFINERY-42-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250509-BENICIAREFINERY-42-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250509-BENICIAREFINERY-42-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250509-BENICIAREFINERY-42-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250509-BENICIAREFINERY-42-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Valero Benicia Refinery in Benicia on May 8, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We need to be clear-sighted in the challenges before us,” Giuliani said, noting that the city has already dealt with significant budget issues, laid off staff, restructured departments and passed tax measures. “We have been at the epicenter of what it looks like when you kick the can down the road.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero is Benicia’s largest utility and water user and the city’s tax base relies heavily on industrial businesses that are directly or indirectly connected to refinery operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early 2025, Valero notified the California Energy Commission of its plans to cease operations at its Benicia refinery by the end of April next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City staff are evaluating the land use of that 900-acre site to identify the best types of industry that might work there, but Giuliani acknowledged that the city does not own the site and “at the end of the day, this is going to be market-driven.”[aside postID=news_12040941 hero='https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250509-BeniciaRefinery-30-BL_qed-1020x680.jpg']The city’s ongoing planning work to modernize its port now takes on an even greater importance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he expects that Signature Development Group, the firm Valero consulted to assess the future of the site, will have a proposal ready around the time that Valero shuts down the refinery next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City staff have also been using a priority-based budgeting tool that will inform the City Council and community on Benicia’s most essential programs and those “that may need to be retired,” Giuliani said, adding that the city could lose about 13% of its $60 million general fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero will relocate many of its employees, and other Bay Area refineries will likely poach the others. But the hundreds of people who work in jobs that support Valero might need resources and training from the Solano Workforce Development Board, Giuliani continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last May, city leaders took initial steps to prepare for the loss of what has been its cornerstone business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Young, the city’s mayor, proposed — and the City Council approved — a group of community-focused task forces to study the economic impacts and chart a new path for the small North Bay city that has relied on tax revenue from Valero for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The City Council plans to discuss the study at its public meeting on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’ll be a challenge, and then we can build that bridge to get us to a point into the 2030s when we start seeing redevelopment,” Giuliani said. “Benicia has believed in itself, and what is required of us is to believe in ourselves a little bit more and a little longer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Solano County city of Benicia is projected to lose $10.7 million in annual revenue when \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12040941/benicia-takes-first-steps-toward-future-without-valero-refinery\">the Valero refinery in its backyard closes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s according to an economic impact report commissioned by the city, confirming \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/12040941/benicia-takes-first-steps-toward-future-without-valero-refinery\">previous estimates\u003c/a>. Along with the 400 refinery jobs that will be lost, hundreds of other jobs will be affected, the report also said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study outlined what it describes as an “urgent need” for the city to plan how it can stabilize its finances and transition its workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The City will need to consider a range of responses — from attracting new industrial users to supporting affected workers and businesses — while continuing to preserve core services and long-term community resilience,” the report said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City Manager Mario Giuliani said Benicia now faces its “most significant challenge” since the U.S. Army closed the Benicia Arsenal in 1964. City officials orchestrated the transformation of the site into an industrial park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12039647\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2000px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-12039647\" src=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250509-BENICIAREFINERY-42-BL-KQED.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1333\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250509-BENICIAREFINERY-42-BL-KQED.jpg 2000w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250509-BENICIAREFINERY-42-BL-KQED-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250509-BENICIAREFINERY-42-BL-KQED-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250509-BENICIAREFINERY-42-BL-KQED-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250509-BENICIAREFINERY-42-BL-KQED-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2025/05/250509-BENICIAREFINERY-42-BL-KQED-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Valero Benicia Refinery in Benicia on May 8, 2025. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We need to be clear-sighted in the challenges before us,” Giuliani said, noting that the city has already dealt with significant budget issues, laid off staff, restructured departments and passed tax measures. “We have been at the epicenter of what it looks like when you kick the can down the road.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero is Benicia’s largest utility and water user and the city’s tax base relies heavily on industrial businesses that are directly or indirectly connected to refinery operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In early 2025, Valero notified the California Energy Commission of its plans to cease operations at its Benicia refinery by the end of April next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City staff are evaluating the land use of that 900-acre site to identify the best types of industry that might work there, but Giuliani acknowledged that the city does not own the site and “at the end of the day, this is going to be market-driven.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The city’s ongoing planning work to modernize its port now takes on an even greater importance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said he expects that Signature Development Group, the firm Valero consulted to assess the future of the site, will have a proposal ready around the time that Valero shuts down the refinery next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City staff have also been using a priority-based budgeting tool that will inform the City Council and community on Benicia’s most essential programs and those “that may need to be retired,” Giuliani said, adding that the city could lose about 13% of its $60 million general fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valero will relocate many of its employees, and other Bay Area refineries will likely poach the others. But the hundreds of people who work in jobs that support Valero might need resources and training from the Solano Workforce Development Board, Giuliani continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last May, city leaders took initial steps to prepare for the loss of what has been its cornerstone business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Steve Young, the city’s mayor, proposed — and the City Council approved — a group of community-focused task forces to study the economic impacts and chart a new path for the small North Bay city that has relied on tax revenue from Valero for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The City Council plans to discuss the study at its public meeting on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’ll be a challenge, and then we can build that bridge to get us to a point into the 2030s when we start seeing redevelopment,” Giuliani said. “Benicia has believed in itself, and what is required of us is to believe in ourselves a little bit more and a little longer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"perspectives": {
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"planet-money": {
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
"airtime": "SUN 12am-1am, SAT 2pm-3pm",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 16
},
"link": "/podcasts/rightnowish",
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