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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/03/28/president-trump-orders-rollback-of-climate-change-policies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a sweeping executive order\u003c/a> on Tuesday that will begin to undo a slew of government efforts to fight global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those worrying and watching to see how the executive order plays out\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>are scientists who actually are in favor of exploring bold interventions to artificially cool the climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a year ago, some hoped that the U. S. government would start funding such research and take a leadership role. Back then, advocates for the work saw public funding as ideal, because it would foster transparency, accountability and public trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now that the Trump administration is in charge, those folks have changed their views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, if officials offered money for a big research program on climate engineering, “I would say, ‘No, thank you,’ ” \u003ca href=\"https://law.ucla.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/edward-a-parson/\">Ted Parson\u003c/a>, who specializes in environmental law at UCLA, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/521780927/521884381\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deliberate climate engineering has long had a reputation for being controversial and somewhat wacky — possibly even dangerous. But as our climate heats up, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=127245606\">some\u003c/a> have called it a bad idea whose time has come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals include spraying particles into the stratosphere to reflect incoming sunlight and cool the entire planet. Serious research groups want to conduct small, low-risk studies to see what might be possible, and to probe the particles’ microphysics and chemistry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of approach is starting to seem downright respectable — even the prestigious National Academy of Sciences recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/02/10/385065816/scientific-pros-weigh-the-cons-of-messing-with-earths-thermostat\">called\u003c/a> for more research on climate geoengineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The research that is being proposed is tiny and completely innocuous,” Parson said. “One of the groups that’s interested in doing this wants to spray sea salt up into the air to see what happens to the transmission of sunlight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many environmentalists are suspicious of efforts to tinker with the climate. What’s more, they think just talking about the possibility of cooling the planet will threaten the global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”WzKnhbQXEP4Hscsriw9q61wQesQMx1Zq”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the last thing Parson would want is for this research to be associated with the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To the extent you’re in a political setting where misinformation about climate change is being spread, efforts to cut emissions are being undermined or threatened,” Parson told NPR, “then that suggests the possibility that the risks of pursuing research of this kind might actually outweigh the benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the Trump administration advocating cuts for climate science, it’s unlikely they’ll face a decision of whether to turn down funding. In fact, many who think it’s important to start studying ways to engineer the climate are now turning to private groups and philanthropists, which are increasingly serious about supporting such research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a hundred people \u003ca href=\"http://geoengineering.environment.harvard.edu/Forum-US-Solar-Geoengineering-Research-DC-March-2017\">gathered\u003c/a> at a science and policy forum in Washington, D.C., a few days ago to talk about how climate engineering research could go forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the elephant in the room was the recent change in the U.S. government’s policy toward climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just don’t think that right now the U. 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And if climate engineering ever got started, couldn’t it be blamed for bad weather — and perhaps even start an international conflict, if one country took unilateral climate action?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others conceded that there are thorny issues, but that this option can’t just be ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s with great reluctance that a lot of us are here,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.clcouncil.org/ted-halstead/\">Ted Halstead\u003c/a>, from a think tank called the Climate Leadership Council. 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And if climate engineering ever got started, couldn’t it be blamed for bad weather — and perhaps even start an international conflict, if one country took unilateral climate action?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others conceded that there are thorny issues, but that this option can’t just be ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s with great reluctance that a lot of us are here,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.clcouncil.org/ted-halstead/\">Ted Halstead\u003c/a>, from a think tank called the Climate Leadership Council. He argued that climate engineering has to be on the table because “we live in a world where we’re heading towards 4 degrees of warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.seas.harvard.edu/directory/dkeith\">David Keith\u003c/a>, a climate scientist at Harvard University who is planning to use a balloon to test putting particles in the stratosphere as early as next year, is well aware of the need to reassure the public about his small experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are horrified by the idea that there might be some huge backlash,” Keith said, “and so the questions of how to avoid that are top of our minds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He used to want public funding, he said, partly to inspire trust. But, for now, he’s happy to stick to private sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am more comfortable,” Keith said, “taking money from clearly environmentally aligned philanthropies or philanthropists than I am taking money from the administration.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Who+Want+To+Study+Climate+Engineering+Shun+Trump&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"headTitle": "President Trump Orders Rollback of Climate Change Policies | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Declaring “the start of a new era” in energy production, President Donald Trump signed an executive order Tuesday that he said would revive the coal industry and create jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move makes good on his campaign pledge to unravel former President Barack Obama’s plan to curb global warming. The order seeks to suspend, rescind or flag for review more than a half-dozen measures in an effort to boost domestic energy production in the form of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Climate change is real and will not be wished away by rhetoric or denial.’\u003ccite>Gov. Jerry Brown, California,\u003cbr>\nGov. Andrew Cuomo, New York\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Democratic Govs. Jerry Brown of California and Andrew Cuomo of New York issued a joint statement Tuesday saying they’re still committed to their own emissions targets. The two states have set aggressive goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. Their targets are stricter than the Obama power plant rule Trump seeks to eliminate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change is real and will not be wished away by rhetoric or denial,” the two governors said in the statement. “Dismantling the Clean Power Plan and other critical climate programs is profoundly misguided and shockingly ignores basic science. With this move, the Administration will endanger public health, our environment and our economic prosperity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has repeatedly criticized the power plant rule and others as an attack on American workers and the struggling coal industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental activists, including former Vice President Al Gore, denounced the plan. But Trump said the effort would allow workers to “succeed on a level playing field for the first time in a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is what this is all about: bringing back our jobs, bringing back our dreams and making America wealthy again,” Trump said, during a ceremony at the Environmental Protection Agency headquarters, attended by a number of coal miners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”3r1z4IlFYFzVnboUqLggbsORLXX6KaCE”]The order initiates a review of the Clean Power Plan, which restricts greenhouse gas emissions at coal-fired power plants. The regulation, which was the former president’s signature effort to curb carbon emissions, has been the subject of long-running legal challenges by Republican-led states and those who profit from burning oil, coal and gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as Obama’s climate efforts were often stymied by legal challenges, environmental groups are promising to fight Trump’s pro-fossil fuel agenda in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has called global warming a “hoax” invented by the Chinese, and has repeatedly criticized the power-plant rule as an attack on American workers and the struggling U.S. coal industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to pulling back from the Clean Power Plan, the administration will also lift a 14-month-old moratorium on new coal leases on federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration had imposed a three-year moratorium on new federal coal leases in January 2016, arguing that the $1 billion-a-year program must be modernized to ensure a fair financial return to taxpayers and address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump accused his predecessor of waging a “war on coal” and boasted in a speech to Congress that he has made “a historic effort to massively reduce job-crushing regulations,” including some that threaten “the future and livelihoods of our great coal miners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order will also chip away at other regulations, including scrapping language on the “social cost” of greenhouse gases. It will initiate a review of efforts to reduce the emission of methane in oil and natural gas production as well as a Bureau of Land Management hydraulic fracturing rule, to determine whether those reflect the president’s policy priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘These executive actions are a welcome departure from the previous administration’s strategy of making energy more expensive through costly, job-killing regulations that choked our economy.’\u003ccite>Thomas J. Donohue,\u003cbr>U.S. Chamber of Commerce\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> It will also rescind Obama-era executive orders and memoranda, including one that addressed climate change and national security and one that sought to prepare the country for the impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration is still in discussion about whether it intends to withdraw from the Paris Agreement on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s order could make it more difficult, though not impossible, for the U.S. to achieve its carbon reduction goals. The president’s promises to boost coal jobs run counter to market forces, such as U.S. utilities converting coal-fired power plants to cheaper, cleaner-burning natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s Environmental Protection Agency chief, Scott Pruitt, alarmed environmental groups and scientists earlier this month when he said he does not believe carbon dioxide is a primary contributor to global warming. The statement is at odds with mainstream scientific consensus and Pruitt’s own agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwhelming majority of peer-reviewed studies and climate scientists agree the planet is warming, mostly due to man-made sources, including carbon dioxide, methane, halocarbons and nitrogen oxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents say Obama’s effort would have killed coal-mining jobs and driven up electricity costs. The Obama administration, some Democratic-led states and environmental groups counter that it would spur thousands of clean-energy jobs and help the U.S. meet ambitious goals to reduce carbon pollution set by the international agreement signed in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s order on coal-fired power plants follows an executive order he signed last month mandating a review of an Obama-era rule aimed at protecting small streams and wetlands from development and pollution. The order instructs the EPA and Army Corps of Engineers to review a rule that redefined “waters of the United States” protected under the Clean Water Act to include smaller creeks and wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Republicans have blamed Obama-era environmental regulations for the loss of coal jobs, federal data shows that U.S. mines have been shedding jobs for decades under presidents from both parties as a result of increasing automation and competition from natural gas, which has become more abundant through hydraulic fracturing. Another factor is the plummeting cost of solar panels and wind turbines, which now can produce emissions-free electricity cheaper than burning coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to an Energy Department analysis released in January, coal mining now accounts for fewer than 75,000 U.S. jobs. By contrast, renewable energy — including wind, solar and biofuels — now accounts for more than 650,000 U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s plans drew praise from business groups and condemnation from environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Chamber of Commerce President Thomas J. Donohue praised the president for taking “bold steps to make regulatory relief and energy security a top priority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These executive actions are a welcome departure from the previous administration’s strategy of making energy more expensive through costly, job-killing regulations that choked our economy,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Vice President Al Gore blasted the order as “a misguided step away from a sustainable, carbon-free future for ourselves and generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is essential, not only to our planet, but also to our economic future, that the United States continues to serve as a global leader in solving the climate crisis by transitioning to clean energy, a transition that will continue to gain speed due to the increasing competiveness of solar and wind,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writer Michael Biesecker contributed to this report. Follow Daly and Colvin on Twitter at https://twitter.com/MatthewDalyWDC and https://twitter.com/colvinj\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Governor Jerry Brown called the Trump Administration move 'profoundly misguided' and pledged to continue California's commitments to cut emissions.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Declaring “the start of a new era” in energy production, President Donald Trump signed an executive order Tuesday that he said would revive the coal industry and create jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move makes good on his campaign pledge to unravel former President Barack Obama’s plan to curb global warming. The order seeks to suspend, rescind or flag for review more than a half-dozen measures in an effort to boost domestic energy production in the form of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Climate change is real and will not be wished away by rhetoric or denial.’\u003ccite>Gov. Jerry Brown, California,\u003cbr>\nGov. Andrew Cuomo, New York\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Democratic Govs. Jerry Brown of California and Andrew Cuomo of New York issued a joint statement Tuesday saying they’re still committed to their own emissions targets. The two states have set aggressive goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. Their targets are stricter than the Obama power plant rule Trump seeks to eliminate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change is real and will not be wished away by rhetoric or denial,” the two governors said in the statement. “Dismantling the Clean Power Plan and other critical climate programs is profoundly misguided and shockingly ignores basic science. With this move, the Administration will endanger public health, our environment and our economic prosperity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has repeatedly criticized the power plant rule and others as an attack on American workers and the struggling coal industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental activists, including former Vice President Al Gore, denounced the plan. But Trump said the effort would allow workers to “succeed on a level playing field for the first time in a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is what this is all about: bringing back our jobs, bringing back our dreams and making America wealthy again,” Trump said, during a ceremony at the Environmental Protection Agency headquarters, attended by a number of coal miners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The order initiates a review of the Clean Power Plan, which restricts greenhouse gas emissions at coal-fired power plants. The regulation, which was the former president’s signature effort to curb carbon emissions, has been the subject of long-running legal challenges by Republican-led states and those who profit from burning oil, coal and gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as Obama’s climate efforts were often stymied by legal challenges, environmental groups are promising to fight Trump’s pro-fossil fuel agenda in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has called global warming a “hoax” invented by the Chinese, and has repeatedly criticized the power-plant rule as an attack on American workers and the struggling U.S. coal industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to pulling back from the Clean Power Plan, the administration will also lift a 14-month-old moratorium on new coal leases on federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration had imposed a three-year moratorium on new federal coal leases in January 2016, arguing that the $1 billion-a-year program must be modernized to ensure a fair financial return to taxpayers and address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump accused his predecessor of waging a “war on coal” and boasted in a speech to Congress that he has made “a historic effort to massively reduce job-crushing regulations,” including some that threaten “the future and livelihoods of our great coal miners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order will also chip away at other regulations, including scrapping language on the “social cost” of greenhouse gases. It will initiate a review of efforts to reduce the emission of methane in oil and natural gas production as well as a Bureau of Land Management hydraulic fracturing rule, to determine whether those reflect the president’s policy priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘These executive actions are a welcome departure from the previous administration’s strategy of making energy more expensive through costly, job-killing regulations that choked our economy.’\u003ccite>Thomas J. Donohue,\u003cbr>U.S. Chamber of Commerce\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> It will also rescind Obama-era executive orders and memoranda, including one that addressed climate change and national security and one that sought to prepare the country for the impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration is still in discussion about whether it intends to withdraw from the Paris Agreement on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s order could make it more difficult, though not impossible, for the U.S. to achieve its carbon reduction goals. The president’s promises to boost coal jobs run counter to market forces, such as U.S. utilities converting coal-fired power plants to cheaper, cleaner-burning natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s Environmental Protection Agency chief, Scott Pruitt, alarmed environmental groups and scientists earlier this month when he said he does not believe carbon dioxide is a primary contributor to global warming. The statement is at odds with mainstream scientific consensus and Pruitt’s own agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwhelming majority of peer-reviewed studies and climate scientists agree the planet is warming, mostly due to man-made sources, including carbon dioxide, methane, halocarbons and nitrogen oxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents say Obama’s effort would have killed coal-mining jobs and driven up electricity costs. The Obama administration, some Democratic-led states and environmental groups counter that it would spur thousands of clean-energy jobs and help the U.S. meet ambitious goals to reduce carbon pollution set by the international agreement signed in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s order on coal-fired power plants follows an executive order he signed last month mandating a review of an Obama-era rule aimed at protecting small streams and wetlands from development and pollution. The order instructs the EPA and Army Corps of Engineers to review a rule that redefined “waters of the United States” protected under the Clean Water Act to include smaller creeks and wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Republicans have blamed Obama-era environmental regulations for the loss of coal jobs, federal data shows that U.S. mines have been shedding jobs for decades under presidents from both parties as a result of increasing automation and competition from natural gas, which has become more abundant through hydraulic fracturing. Another factor is the plummeting cost of solar panels and wind turbines, which now can produce emissions-free electricity cheaper than burning coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to an Energy Department analysis released in January, coal mining now accounts for fewer than 75,000 U.S. jobs. By contrast, renewable energy — including wind, solar and biofuels — now accounts for more than 650,000 U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s plans drew praise from business groups and condemnation from environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Chamber of Commerce President Thomas J. Donohue praised the president for taking “bold steps to make regulatory relief and energy security a top priority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These executive actions are a welcome departure from the previous administration’s strategy of making energy more expensive through costly, job-killing regulations that choked our economy,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Vice President Al Gore blasted the order as “a misguided step away from a sustainable, carbon-free future for ourselves and generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is essential, not only to our planet, but also to our economic future, that the United States continues to serve as a global leader in solving the climate crisis by transitioning to clean energy, a transition that will continue to gain speed due to the increasing competiveness of solar and wind,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writer Michael Biesecker contributed to this report. Follow Daly and Colvin on Twitter at https://twitter.com/MatthewDalyWDC and https://twitter.com/colvinj\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Trump Takes Aim at a Centerpiece of Obama's Environmental Legacy",
"headTitle": "Trump Takes Aim at a Centerpiece of Obama’s Environmental Legacy | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>President Trump will sign sweeping executive orders Tuesday that take aim at a number of his predecessor’s climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wide-ranging orders and accompanying memorandums will seek to undo the centerpiece of former President Obama’s environmental legacy and national efforts to address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could also jeopardize America’s current role in international efforts to confront climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior White House official says the goal is to make the U.S. energy-independent and to get the Environmental Protection Agency back to its core mission of maintaining clean air and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a symbolic gesture, the president is expected to sign the documents at EPA headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Trump’s Regulatory Targets\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The major regulation targeted by the executive order will be the Clean Power Plan, Obama’s signature climate measure that restricts greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump will order a review of that and a number of other climate efforts, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>a federal moratorium on coal leasing\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>a measure that requires federal agencies to consider climate change during their rule-making process\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>the “social cost of carbon,” which puts a dollar figure on carbon pollution\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“In taking a sledgehammer to U.S. climate action, the administration will push the country backward, making it harder and more expensive to reduce emissions,” said Andrew Steer, president and CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wri.org//\">World Resources Institute\u003c/a>, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate science is clear and unwavering: mounting greenhouse gas emissions are warming our planet, putting people and business in harm’s way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some energy companies are celebrating the anticipated move. Trump is expected to be accompanied by energy executives when he signs the order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, \u003ca href=\"http://www.api.org/\">American Petroleum Institute\u003c/a> president and CEO Jack Gerard said, “We look forward to working with the Trump administration and Congress on forward-looking energy policies that will help ensure the United States continues leading the world in the production and refining of oil and natural gas, and in the reduction of carbon emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current head of the EPA, former Oklahoma Attorney General Scott Pruitt, is a longtime critic of environmental regulation. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/09/519499975/epa-head-scott-pruitt-doubts-basic-consensus-on-climate-change\">Earlier this month\u003c/a> Pruitt said carbon dioxide is not a primary contributor to climate change, rejecting established science. Before becoming EPA administrator, Pruitt joined dozens of other state attorneys general who sued the agency to halt the Clean Power Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of the policies that Trump is targeting will be easy to overturn, the Clean Power Plan could prove more complicated. Environmental law experts say it could take the administration years to fully undo it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s more on that policy and some of the others that Trump is expected to address later today:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Clean Power Plan\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Clean Power Plan is a set of national standards that are designed to slow human-caused climate change by limiting carbon pollution from power plants. The power sector accounts for \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=77&t=11\">almost 40 percent\u003c/a> of the country’s carbon dioxide emissions. The Clean Power Plan would cut those emissions and carbon pollution 32 percent below 2005 levels by the year 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he introduced it \u003ca href=\"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/08/03/remarks-president-announcing-clean-power-plan\">in 2015\u003c/a>, Obama called the Clean Power Plan “the single most important step America has ever taken in the fight against climate change.” It’s the centerpiece of the U.S. commitment to the Paris climate agreement. Donald Trump and Republicans though, have called the plan a “job-killer” and have pledged to kill it instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senior White House official said today’s executive orders do not address the Paris climate deal. “Whether we stay in or out is still under discussion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s executive orders kick off a rule-making process with the goal of ending the Clean Power Plan. But they won’t end the policy outright, nor do they say how his administration will get rid of it, and the devil may be in the details. Any effort to repeal the rule could prove lengthy, difficult and fraught with litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you have something like the Clean Power Plan — a final rule-making — then that can’t be withdrawn using any process other than the one that was used to create it,” says Nathan Richardson, a visiting fellow at \u003ca href=\"http://www.rff.org/\">Resources for the Future\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means notices, public comment and a rule-making procedure that could take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has time. Currently, the Clean Power Plan is held up in federal court after lawsuits from industry groups and states challenged its legality. A ruling could be months away and any decision — for or against the plan — will likely be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress could also step in and amend the Clean Air Act to say the EPA shouldn’t regulate greenhouse gases, nullifying the Clean Power Plan, but that could prove politically challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Moratorium on Federal Coal Leases\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration placed a moratorium on new coal leases on federal lands \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/15/463164790/u-s-moratorium-on-new-coal-leases-to-be-announced-friday\">in January 2016\u003c/a>, citing concerns over pricing and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the estimated three-year hold on leasing, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/secretary-jewell-launches-comprehensive-review-federal-coal-program\">Department of the Interior said\u003c/a> it was going to review the country’s coal-leasing program to make sure it was providing “a fair return to taxpayers and reflect its impacts on the environment, while continuing to help meet our energy needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal lands account for roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/15/463164790/u-s-moratorium-on-new-coal-leases-to-be-announced-friday\">40 percent of all\u003c/a> U.S. coal production. Hundreds of millions of tons of coal are mined on federal lands every year, generating nearly $1.3 billion for the government in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups say that money doesn’t offset the societal costs of pollution from coal mining and consumption. Burning coal is a leading cause of carbon dioxide emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s order to lift the moratorium should take immediate effect, allowing the Bureau of Land Management to issue new coal leases on federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not at all clear there will be any immediate rush for new leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coal production fell in 2016,” says Robert Godby, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uwyo.edu/cee/\">Center for Energy Economics and Public Policy\u003c/a> at the University of Wyoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it’s fallen for several years as utilities have switched to cheaper natural gas. That means existing coal reserves have grown bigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The coal market is so weak,” Godby says, “and some companies are coming out of bankruptcy.” He says they simply don’t have the cash to make the enormous investment required to lease federal land for future coal production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Godby says the decline in coal leasing — and the loss of hundreds of millions of dollars a year in royalties — has been painful for Wyoming. The state had been using the money to build new schools, but is now facing a large budget deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Social Cost of Carbon\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The “social cost of carbon” is another Obama-era policy that directed government agencies to factor in the effects of climate change on their rule-making. It essentially put a \u003ca href=\"http://blog.ucsusa.org/rachel-cleetus/the-social-cost-of-carbon-underscores-an-obvious-fact-climate-change-is-costly\">price tag on carbon emissions\u003c/a> and told agencies to factor that price tag in when making a regulation. The current cost is \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/climatechange/social-cost-carbon\">$36 per metric ton\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is expected to try to neuter the policy by directing the EPA to lower that cost to the point where it won’t have much weight in policy-making. An all-out elimination of the cost would likely have left the administration with weaker \u003ca href=\"http://media.ca7.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/rssExec.pl?Submit=Display&Path=Y2016/D08-08/C:14-2159:J:Ripple:aut:T:fnOp:N:1807496:S:0\">legal standing\u003c/a> should it be challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is aiming to cut federal climate change efforts across government. Trump’s budget \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/16/520399205/trumps-budget-slashes-climate-change-funding\">called for steep cuts\u003c/a> to climate change research, domestic programs to combat climate change and funding for international climate efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mick Mulvaney, director of the Office of Management and Budget, has told reporters that federal funding to fight climate change is “a waste of your money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Takes+Aim+At+A+Centerpiece+Of+Obama%27s+Environmental+Legacy&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump will sign sweeping executive orders Tuesday that take aim at a number of his predecessor’s climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wide-ranging orders and accompanying memorandums will seek to undo the centerpiece of former President Obama’s environmental legacy and national efforts to address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could also jeopardize America’s current role in international efforts to confront climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior White House official says the goal is to make the U.S. energy-independent and to get the Environmental Protection Agency back to its core mission of maintaining clean air and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a symbolic gesture, the president is expected to sign the documents at EPA headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Trump’s Regulatory Targets\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The major regulation targeted by the executive order will be the Clean Power Plan, Obama’s signature climate measure that restricts greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump will order a review of that and a number of other climate efforts, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>a federal moratorium on coal leasing\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>a measure that requires federal agencies to consider climate change during their rule-making process\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>the “social cost of carbon,” which puts a dollar figure on carbon pollution\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“In taking a sledgehammer to U.S. climate action, the administration will push the country backward, making it harder and more expensive to reduce emissions,” said Andrew Steer, president and CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wri.org//\">World Resources Institute\u003c/a>, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate science is clear and unwavering: mounting greenhouse gas emissions are warming our planet, putting people and business in harm’s way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some energy companies are celebrating the anticipated move. Trump is expected to be accompanied by energy executives when he signs the order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, \u003ca href=\"http://www.api.org/\">American Petroleum Institute\u003c/a> president and CEO Jack Gerard said, “We look forward to working with the Trump administration and Congress on forward-looking energy policies that will help ensure the United States continues leading the world in the production and refining of oil and natural gas, and in the reduction of carbon emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current head of the EPA, former Oklahoma Attorney General Scott Pruitt, is a longtime critic of environmental regulation. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/09/519499975/epa-head-scott-pruitt-doubts-basic-consensus-on-climate-change\">Earlier this month\u003c/a> Pruitt said carbon dioxide is not a primary contributor to climate change, rejecting established science. Before becoming EPA administrator, Pruitt joined dozens of other state attorneys general who sued the agency to halt the Clean Power Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of the policies that Trump is targeting will be easy to overturn, the Clean Power Plan could prove more complicated. Environmental law experts say it could take the administration years to fully undo it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s more on that policy and some of the others that Trump is expected to address later today:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Clean Power Plan\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Clean Power Plan is a set of national standards that are designed to slow human-caused climate change by limiting carbon pollution from power plants. The power sector accounts for \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=77&t=11\">almost 40 percent\u003c/a> of the country’s carbon dioxide emissions. The Clean Power Plan would cut those emissions and carbon pollution 32 percent below 2005 levels by the year 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he introduced it \u003ca href=\"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/08/03/remarks-president-announcing-clean-power-plan\">in 2015\u003c/a>, Obama called the Clean Power Plan “the single most important step America has ever taken in the fight against climate change.” It’s the centerpiece of the U.S. commitment to the Paris climate agreement. Donald Trump and Republicans though, have called the plan a “job-killer” and have pledged to kill it instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senior White House official said today’s executive orders do not address the Paris climate deal. “Whether we stay in or out is still under discussion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s executive orders kick off a rule-making process with the goal of ending the Clean Power Plan. But they won’t end the policy outright, nor do they say how his administration will get rid of it, and the devil may be in the details. Any effort to repeal the rule could prove lengthy, difficult and fraught with litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you have something like the Clean Power Plan — a final rule-making — then that can’t be withdrawn using any process other than the one that was used to create it,” says Nathan Richardson, a visiting fellow at \u003ca href=\"http://www.rff.org/\">Resources for the Future\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means notices, public comment and a rule-making procedure that could take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has time. Currently, the Clean Power Plan is held up in federal court after lawsuits from industry groups and states challenged its legality. A ruling could be months away and any decision — for or against the plan — will likely be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress could also step in and amend the Clean Air Act to say the EPA shouldn’t regulate greenhouse gases, nullifying the Clean Power Plan, but that could prove politically challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Moratorium on Federal Coal Leases\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration placed a moratorium on new coal leases on federal lands \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/15/463164790/u-s-moratorium-on-new-coal-leases-to-be-announced-friday\">in January 2016\u003c/a>, citing concerns over pricing and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the estimated three-year hold on leasing, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/secretary-jewell-launches-comprehensive-review-federal-coal-program\">Department of the Interior said\u003c/a> it was going to review the country’s coal-leasing program to make sure it was providing “a fair return to taxpayers and reflect its impacts on the environment, while continuing to help meet our energy needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal lands account for roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/15/463164790/u-s-moratorium-on-new-coal-leases-to-be-announced-friday\">40 percent of all\u003c/a> U.S. coal production. Hundreds of millions of tons of coal are mined on federal lands every year, generating nearly $1.3 billion for the government in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups say that money doesn’t offset the societal costs of pollution from coal mining and consumption. Burning coal is a leading cause of carbon dioxide emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s order to lift the moratorium should take immediate effect, allowing the Bureau of Land Management to issue new coal leases on federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not at all clear there will be any immediate rush for new leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coal production fell in 2016,” says Robert Godby, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uwyo.edu/cee/\">Center for Energy Economics and Public Policy\u003c/a> at the University of Wyoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it’s fallen for several years as utilities have switched to cheaper natural gas. That means existing coal reserves have grown bigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The coal market is so weak,” Godby says, “and some companies are coming out of bankruptcy.” He says they simply don’t have the cash to make the enormous investment required to lease federal land for future coal production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Godby says the decline in coal leasing — and the loss of hundreds of millions of dollars a year in royalties — has been painful for Wyoming. The state had been using the money to build new schools, but is now facing a large budget deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Social Cost of Carbon\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The “social cost of carbon” is another Obama-era policy that directed government agencies to factor in the effects of climate change on their rule-making. It essentially put a \u003ca href=\"http://blog.ucsusa.org/rachel-cleetus/the-social-cost-of-carbon-underscores-an-obvious-fact-climate-change-is-costly\">price tag on carbon emissions\u003c/a> and told agencies to factor that price tag in when making a regulation. The current cost is \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/climatechange/social-cost-carbon\">$36 per metric ton\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is expected to try to neuter the policy by directing the EPA to lower that cost to the point where it won’t have much weight in policy-making. An all-out elimination of the cost would likely have left the administration with weaker \u003ca href=\"http://media.ca7.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/rssExec.pl?Submit=Display&Path=Y2016/D08-08/C:14-2159:J:Ripple:aut:T:fnOp:N:1807496:S:0\">legal standing\u003c/a> should it be challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is aiming to cut federal climate change efforts across government. Trump’s budget \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/16/520399205/trumps-budget-slashes-climate-change-funding\">called for steep cuts\u003c/a> to climate change research, domestic programs to combat climate change and funding for international climate efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mick Mulvaney, director of the Office of Management and Budget, has told reporters that federal funding to fight climate change is “a waste of your money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Takes+Aim+At+A+Centerpiece+Of+Obama%27s+Environmental+Legacy&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — A new study predicts that with limited human intervention, 31 percent to 67 percent of Southern California beaches could completely erode back to coastal infrastructure or sea cliffs by the year 2100 with sea level rises of 3.3 feet (1 meter) to 6.5 feet (2 meters).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/news/disappearing-beaches-modeling-shoreline-change-southern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study released on Monday\u003c/a> used a new computer model called \u003ca href=\"https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/coastal_processes/cosmos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CoSMoS-COAST\u003c/a> (Coastal Storm Modeling System – Coastal One-line Assimilated Simulation Tool) to predict shoreline effects caused by sea level rise and changes in storm patterns due to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s lead author, Sean Vitousek, says erosion of Southern California beaches is not just a matter of the region losing its identity and tourism dollars, but of exposing infrastructure, businesses and homes to damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11378997\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"Workers install large boulders as rip rap to armor the shore against further erosion at Goleta Beach at negative tide.\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11378997\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-800x573.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-1020x730.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-1180x844.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-960x687.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-375x268.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-520x372.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers install large boulders as rip rap to armor the shore against further erosion at Goleta Beach at negative tide.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Daniel Hoover/USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Beaches are perhaps the most iconic feature of California, and the potential for losing this identity is real,” Vitousek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The effect of California losing its beaches is not just a matter of affecting the tourism economy. Losing the protecting swath of beach sand between us and the pounding surf exposes critical infrastructure, businesses and homes to damage. Beaches are natural resources, and it is likely that human management efforts must increase in order to preserve them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study has been accepted for publication by the American Geophysical Union’s Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — A new study predicts that with limited human intervention, 31 percent to 67 percent of Southern California beaches could completely erode back to coastal infrastructure or sea cliffs by the year 2100 with sea level rises of 3.3 feet (1 meter) to 6.5 feet (2 meters).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/news/disappearing-beaches-modeling-shoreline-change-southern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study released on Monday\u003c/a> used a new computer model called \u003ca href=\"https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/coastal_processes/cosmos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CoSMoS-COAST\u003c/a> (Coastal Storm Modeling System – Coastal One-line Assimilated Simulation Tool) to predict shoreline effects caused by sea level rise and changes in storm patterns due to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s lead author, Sean Vitousek, says erosion of Southern California beaches is not just a matter of the region losing its identity and tourism dollars, but of exposing infrastructure, businesses and homes to damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11378997\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"Workers install large boulders as rip rap to armor the shore against further erosion at Goleta Beach at negative tide.\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11378997\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-800x573.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-1020x730.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-1180x844.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-960x687.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-375x268.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-520x372.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers install large boulders as rip rap to armor the shore against further erosion at Goleta Beach at negative tide.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Daniel Hoover/USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Beaches are perhaps the most iconic feature of California, and the potential for losing this identity is real,” Vitousek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The effect of California losing its beaches is not just a matter of affecting the tourism economy. Losing the protecting swath of beach sand between us and the pounding surf exposes critical infrastructure, businesses and homes to damage. Beaches are natural resources, and it is likely that human management efforts must increase in order to preserve them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study has been accepted for publication by the American Geophysical Union’s Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Oil Sees Ally in Trump, Even If He Can't Really Help Them",
"headTitle": "California Oil Sees Ally in Trump, Even If He Can’t Really Help Them | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>President Trump has vowed to bolster the country’s oil and gas industry by rolling back environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it may not make much of a difference for California oil. The industry’s success is tied to a broad mix of influences, some outside the scope of federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If you ask me the biggest reason why I voted for Trump, it’s because they forgot the middle class. They completely forgot those guys that are out there working on that rig.’\u003ccite>Chad Hathaway, Hathaway LLC\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In Kern County, in the heart of California’s oil country, 53 percent of voters chose Trump in November and support for the President is strong. The county, at the southern end of the Central Valley, produces 70 percent of the oil pumped out of the ground here and is one of this blue state’s pockets of dark red.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ask most oil folks if they think Trump will make a difference to their industry, and the answer is largely the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not really, no,” says Chad Hathaway, who owns a small oil company in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving through town, you can’t miss how big oil is here — there are oil wells on the main streets of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are close,” says Hathaway. “We are family and when part of the family hurts, everybody feels it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People here hit a low point last year when oil dropped to $26 a barrel, a quarter of what it was three years ago. Many companies laid off workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hathaway, a tall, 40-year-old guy with a determined streak, rode out the downturn by cutting pay. In December, he was able to drill some new oil wells and hire a few people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1478359\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1478359\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway.jpg\" alt=\"Chad Hathaway owns an oil company in Bakersfield.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1162\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-160x97.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-800x484.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-768x465.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-1020x617.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-1180x714.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-960x581.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-240x145.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-375x227.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-520x315.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chad Hathaway owns an oil company in Bakersfield. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I had one of the roughnecks come up to me said, ‘You know what? My family, just having a job at Christmas time meant a lot to us,’” Hathaway says. “That’s meaningful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s what it came down to on election day, when Hathaway filled out his ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you ask me the biggest reason why I voted for Trump, it’s because they forgot the middle class,” he says about the Democrats. “They completely forgot those guys that are out there working on that rig.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Hathaway, Kern County is a forgotten part of California, overlooked by cities on the coast where the economic upswing has returned full-force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like the people from LA and San Francisco,” he says. “They fly over this area all the time. They see all these farm fields and they can’t see the oil wells. But they don’t realize what we do to keep this state moving on daily basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hathaway is even a supporter of California’s booming solar industry. “I have a lot of solar,” he says. “I’m a huge solar guy. If it makes sense, I’ll do it. I am not stupid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hathaway says he gets into Facebook battles with family members in the Bay Area who don’t understand\u003cb> \u003c/b>this part of the state, or his support for Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They just don’t understand,” he says. “How are we so dumb down here to think that this guy is actually going to do something for us? Well, nobody else was doing it for us before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, as even Hathaway acknowledges, there may be little Trump can do for the state’s oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the fourth-largest oil-producing state in the nation, but production has been declining since the mid-1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”VoMPoJgde3sCIYWFTjOsMMKIdT4Gjt6T”]That’s because the major economic driver for the industry is the price of oil. It rises and falls due to global market forces, including the international consortium OPEC, which is largely beyond President Trump’s reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reason is that California has a major say in environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ninety percent of my problems are with Sacramento,” Hathaway says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hathaway doesn’t disparage all environmental regulations. ““Some are good,” he says. “Some are meaningful. Some are not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was glad to see Trump get rid of a rule about air pollution, which regulated methane from oil and gas wells. Nonetheless, California \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/08/68859/as-feds-roll-back-methane-rule-california-pushes-a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has its own version of that rule\u003c/a>. So Hathaway won’t see much of a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other people here in Kern County are feeling more optimistic, because there are policies where the federal government holds sway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in a good mood,” says Les Clark. He’s been in oil since 1965, but now runs a trade association called the Independent Oil Producers’ Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We meet up in Taft, a small town west of Bakersfield that was built around oil. Clark’s granddaughter is playing in the Friday night basketball game at the high school, where he knows almost everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clark says the federal government controls some rules, like ones relating to oil industry wastewater. The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/17/california-says-oil-companies-can-keep-dumping-wastewater-during-state-review/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal EPA is currently reviewing\u003c/a> where oil companies can dispose of that water, so Clark thinks the Trump Administration could make it easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s going to help us, yeah,” he says. “I think a lot of those guys, they understand that some of these regulations are very onerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, California lawmakers have said they plan to fight every inch of backsliding on environmental rules. A \u003ca href=\"http://sd24.senate.ca.gov/news/2017-02-23-senate-unveils-california-environmental-defense-act-public-lands-and-whistleblower\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed legislative package\u003c/a> would lock in protections for water and air in the event the Trump Administration changes them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That federal-state push and pull is what Clark and others here in Kern County are watching. They’re waiting to see if Trump’s victory in November is actually a victory for them\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In an occasional series on California's political divide, we travel to oil country to find out what people want from the Trump Administration.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump has vowed to bolster the country’s oil and gas industry by rolling back environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it may not make much of a difference for California oil. The industry’s success is tied to a broad mix of influences, some outside the scope of federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If you ask me the biggest reason why I voted for Trump, it’s because they forgot the middle class. They completely forgot those guys that are out there working on that rig.’\u003ccite>Chad Hathaway, Hathaway LLC\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In Kern County, in the heart of California’s oil country, 53 percent of voters chose Trump in November and support for the President is strong. The county, at the southern end of the Central Valley, produces 70 percent of the oil pumped out of the ground here and is one of this blue state’s pockets of dark red.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ask most oil folks if they think Trump will make a difference to their industry, and the answer is largely the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not really, no,” says Chad Hathaway, who owns a small oil company in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving through town, you can’t miss how big oil is here — there are oil wells on the main streets of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are close,” says Hathaway. “We are family and when part of the family hurts, everybody feels it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People here hit a low point last year when oil dropped to $26 a barrel, a quarter of what it was three years ago. Many companies laid off workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hathaway, a tall, 40-year-old guy with a determined streak, rode out the downturn by cutting pay. In December, he was able to drill some new oil wells and hire a few people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1478359\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1478359\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway.jpg\" alt=\"Chad Hathaway owns an oil company in Bakersfield.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1162\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-160x97.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-800x484.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-768x465.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-1020x617.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-1180x714.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-960x581.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-240x145.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-375x227.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-520x315.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chad Hathaway owns an oil company in Bakersfield. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I had one of the roughnecks come up to me said, ‘You know what? My family, just having a job at Christmas time meant a lot to us,’” Hathaway says. “That’s meaningful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s what it came down to on election day, when Hathaway filled out his ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you ask me the biggest reason why I voted for Trump, it’s because they forgot the middle class,” he says about the Democrats. “They completely forgot those guys that are out there working on that rig.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Hathaway, Kern County is a forgotten part of California, overlooked by cities on the coast where the economic upswing has returned full-force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like the people from LA and San Francisco,” he says. “They fly over this area all the time. They see all these farm fields and they can’t see the oil wells. But they don’t realize what we do to keep this state moving on daily basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hathaway is even a supporter of California’s booming solar industry. “I have a lot of solar,” he says. “I’m a huge solar guy. If it makes sense, I’ll do it. I am not stupid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hathaway says he gets into Facebook battles with family members in the Bay Area who don’t understand\u003cb> \u003c/b>this part of the state, or his support for Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They just don’t understand,” he says. “How are we so dumb down here to think that this guy is actually going to do something for us? Well, nobody else was doing it for us before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, as even Hathaway acknowledges, there may be little Trump can do for the state’s oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the fourth-largest oil-producing state in the nation, but production has been declining since the mid-1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>That’s because the major economic driver for the industry is the price of oil. It rises and falls due to global market forces, including the international consortium OPEC, which is largely beyond President Trump’s reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reason is that California has a major say in environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ninety percent of my problems are with Sacramento,” Hathaway says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hathaway doesn’t disparage all environmental regulations. ““Some are good,” he says. “Some are meaningful. Some are not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was glad to see Trump get rid of a rule about air pollution, which regulated methane from oil and gas wells. Nonetheless, California \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/08/68859/as-feds-roll-back-methane-rule-california-pushes-a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has its own version of that rule\u003c/a>. So Hathaway won’t see much of a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other people here in Kern County are feeling more optimistic, because there are policies where the federal government holds sway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in a good mood,” says Les Clark. He’s been in oil since 1965, but now runs a trade association called the Independent Oil Producers’ Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We meet up in Taft, a small town west of Bakersfield that was built around oil. Clark’s granddaughter is playing in the Friday night basketball game at the high school, where he knows almost everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clark says the federal government controls some rules, like ones relating to oil industry wastewater. The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/17/california-says-oil-companies-can-keep-dumping-wastewater-during-state-review/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal EPA is currently reviewing\u003c/a> where oil companies can dispose of that water, so Clark thinks the Trump Administration could make it easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s going to help us, yeah,” he says. “I think a lot of those guys, they understand that some of these regulations are very onerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, California lawmakers have said they plan to fight every inch of backsliding on environmental rules. A \u003ca href=\"http://sd24.senate.ca.gov/news/2017-02-23-senate-unveils-california-environmental-defense-act-public-lands-and-whistleblower\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed legislative package\u003c/a> would lock in protections for water and air in the event the Trump Administration changes them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That federal-state push and pull is what Clark and others here in Kern County are watching. They’re waiting to see if Trump’s victory in November is actually a victory for them\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "'Come West, California is Hiring': State Recruits EPA Climate Scientists",
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"headTitle": "‘Come West, California is Hiring’: State Recruits EPA Climate Scientists | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Standing outside the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on Thursday, the president of the California Public Utilities Commission and staff held signs with a clear message for embattled climate scientists: “Fight Climate Change. Work for California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Picker, the CPUC president, made his appeal in the nation’s capital as President Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/16/520305293/trump-to-unveil-hard-power-budget-that-boosts-military-spending\">released his budget proposal\u003c/a> in which the EPA would face a 31 percent cut — from $8.2 billion in fiscal year 2017 to $5.7 billion in fiscal year 2018. It’s the largest cut among all Cabinet departments and major agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On climate action, there’s a dark cloud hanging over Washington right now,” Picker said in a statement. “If climate scientists and experts want the opportunity to continue doing important work for the good of our planet, my message is simple: Come West, California is hiring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission, plus the California Air Resources Board and the California Energy Commission, \u003ca href=\"http://cpuc.ca.gov/Picker/workforCA/\">are hiring\u003c/a> dozens of staff for jobs focusing on climate change, renewable energy, air quality and clean energy research and development, Picker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/PickerCPUC/status/841388679738273792\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "CPUC president makes his appeal as President Trump releases budget proposal in which the EPA would face a 31 percent cut.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Standing outside the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on Thursday, the president of the California Public Utilities Commission and staff held signs with a clear message for embattled climate scientists: “Fight Climate Change. Work for California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Picker, the CPUC president, made his appeal in the nation’s capital as President Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/16/520305293/trump-to-unveil-hard-power-budget-that-boosts-military-spending\">released his budget proposal\u003c/a> in which the EPA would face a 31 percent cut — from $8.2 billion in fiscal year 2017 to $5.7 billion in fiscal year 2018. It’s the largest cut among all Cabinet departments and major agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On climate action, there’s a dark cloud hanging over Washington right now,” Picker said in a statement. “If climate scientists and experts want the opportunity to continue doing important work for the good of our planet, my message is simple: Come West, California is hiring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission, plus the California Air Resources Board and the California Energy Commission, \u003ca href=\"http://cpuc.ca.gov/Picker/workforCA/\">are hiring\u003c/a> dozens of staff for jobs focusing on climate change, renewable energy, air quality and clean energy research and development, Picker said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>U.S. automakers may not have to reach fuel efficiency standards that were set during President Obama’s administration, as the Environmental Protection Agency says it’s reopening a review of the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump is expected to make that announcement Wednesday in meetings with auto industry executives and workers in Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”0JXYQUHsmhBDgJWC1p7eT7p6Y8aBopSz”]In Washington, a senior White House official said the president wants to “set standards that are technologically feasible, economically feasible and allow the auto industry to grow and create jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/regulations-greenhouse-gas-emissions-passenger-cars-and\">The Obama-era rules\u003c/a> stemmed from an agreement the government reached in the summer of 2011, setting carbon dioxide emissions targets for passenger cars and light trucks that were equivalent to the industry’s fleet of achieving an average of 54.5 miles per gallon by the 2025 model year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reopening of the rules review comes after a request from the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, an industry group that represents both domestic and foreign automakers. The group’s request came last month, after the confirmation of Scott Pruitt as EPA administrator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changing the standards isn’t expected to be a simple process. Noting that an agreement usually includes the EPA, the Department of Transportation and the state of California, NPR’s Sonari Glinton reports about the regulations on today’s \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a question in here about whether these regulations were ‘final-final.’ But the White House wants to review them in 2018, and so do the automakers. And essentially there’s going to be a battle every inch of the way. Many environmental groups are just waiting to file suit. But to be clear, this is just whether to review a regulation — we’re not necessarily at the point of changing the fuel standards quite yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA is expected to attempt to roll back rules that the Obama administration formally unveiled in 2012, when it mandated nearly doubling gas efficiency by 2025. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/08/29/160225740/white-house-unveils-new-fuel-efficiency-standards\">As NPR reported\u003c/a>, those requirements were seen as “a rare example of industry agreeing to tough environmental regulations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the deal, the EPA had been scheduled to conduct a midterm review of the efficiency standards. After Democrats lost the presidency in last November’s election, the agency moved ahead with that review, issuing a proposed determination on Nov. 30 that triggered a 30-day public comment period. On Jan. 12, then-EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/midterm-evaluation-light-duty-vehicle-greenhouse-gas-ghg\">signed off on her final determination\u003c/a> that maintained the 2025 targets. In its letter to the EPA, \u003ca href=\"http://www-s4.npr.org/templates/story/bypassed%20required%20procedures\">the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers said\u003c/a> the EPA had rushed to complete the review process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senior White House official characterized Trump’s move as an attempt “to get this mid-term review back on track.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said the administration is not seeking to withdraw a waiver allowing California to set its own higher emission standards. But he indicated that this issue could come up in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama-era agreement followed the federal bailout of General Motors and Chrysler; it also came at a time of high U.S. gas prices, when the average price per gallon topped $4 in some states. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/01/08/462306313/is-obamas-hope-for-better-fuel-economy-sputtering-out\">as gas prices fell\u003c/a>, both consumers and automakers put less focus on maximizing fuel efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New guidelines could give automakers more reasons to focus on gas-powered, rather than electric or hybrid, vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Electric cars are still heavily dependent on external regulations,” electric car advocate and automaker adviser Chelsea Sexton \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/07/518956871/how-administration-regs-could-affect-the-future-of-the-electric-car\">told Sonari last week\u003c/a>. “And therefore most car companies are still offering very few numbers, limited capacity and range, and all those things, and not even nationwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without federal regulations leading the way, Sexton says, there’s no guarantee that work on electric cars will continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other experts caution that whatever changes come, they won’t have an immediate effect. The EPA will need to hold a public review process, for instance. And then there’s the promise of legal battles — with environmental groups, and perhaps with California and other states that have set their own standards for emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What it’s going to do is, it’s going to throw the auto industry into chaos,” Roland Hwang, the Natural Resources Defense Council’s director of energy and transportation, tells Sonari, “because to unwind these standards will be a years-long battle in the courts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=EPA+Reopens+U.S.+Rules+Setting+Vehicle+Efficiency+Standards+For+2025&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>U.S. automakers may not have to reach fuel efficiency standards that were set during President Obama’s administration, as the Environmental Protection Agency says it’s reopening a review of the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump is expected to make that announcement Wednesday in meetings with auto industry executives and workers in Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>In Washington, a senior White House official said the president wants to “set standards that are technologically feasible, economically feasible and allow the auto industry to grow and create jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/regulations-greenhouse-gas-emissions-passenger-cars-and\">The Obama-era rules\u003c/a> stemmed from an agreement the government reached in the summer of 2011, setting carbon dioxide emissions targets for passenger cars and light trucks that were equivalent to the industry’s fleet of achieving an average of 54.5 miles per gallon by the 2025 model year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reopening of the rules review comes after a request from the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, an industry group that represents both domestic and foreign automakers. The group’s request came last month, after the confirmation of Scott Pruitt as EPA administrator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changing the standards isn’t expected to be a simple process. Noting that an agreement usually includes the EPA, the Department of Transportation and the state of California, NPR’s Sonari Glinton reports about the regulations on today’s \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a question in here about whether these regulations were ‘final-final.’ But the White House wants to review them in 2018, and so do the automakers. And essentially there’s going to be a battle every inch of the way. Many environmental groups are just waiting to file suit. But to be clear, this is just whether to review a regulation — we’re not necessarily at the point of changing the fuel standards quite yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA is expected to attempt to roll back rules that the Obama administration formally unveiled in 2012, when it mandated nearly doubling gas efficiency by 2025. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/08/29/160225740/white-house-unveils-new-fuel-efficiency-standards\">As NPR reported\u003c/a>, those requirements were seen as “a rare example of industry agreeing to tough environmental regulations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the deal, the EPA had been scheduled to conduct a midterm review of the efficiency standards. After Democrats lost the presidency in last November’s election, the agency moved ahead with that review, issuing a proposed determination on Nov. 30 that triggered a 30-day public comment period. On Jan. 12, then-EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/midterm-evaluation-light-duty-vehicle-greenhouse-gas-ghg\">signed off on her final determination\u003c/a> that maintained the 2025 targets. In its letter to the EPA, \u003ca href=\"http://www-s4.npr.org/templates/story/bypassed%20required%20procedures\">the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers said\u003c/a> the EPA had rushed to complete the review process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senior White House official characterized Trump’s move as an attempt “to get this mid-term review back on track.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said the administration is not seeking to withdraw a waiver allowing California to set its own higher emission standards. But he indicated that this issue could come up in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama-era agreement followed the federal bailout of General Motors and Chrysler; it also came at a time of high U.S. gas prices, when the average price per gallon topped $4 in some states. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/01/08/462306313/is-obamas-hope-for-better-fuel-economy-sputtering-out\">as gas prices fell\u003c/a>, both consumers and automakers put less focus on maximizing fuel efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New guidelines could give automakers more reasons to focus on gas-powered, rather than electric or hybrid, vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Electric cars are still heavily dependent on external regulations,” electric car advocate and automaker adviser Chelsea Sexton \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/07/518956871/how-administration-regs-could-affect-the-future-of-the-electric-car\">told Sonari last week\u003c/a>. “And therefore most car companies are still offering very few numbers, limited capacity and range, and all those things, and not even nationwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without federal regulations leading the way, Sexton says, there’s no guarantee that work on electric cars will continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other experts caution that whatever changes come, they won’t have an immediate effect. The EPA will need to hold a public review process, for instance. And then there’s the promise of legal battles — with environmental groups, and perhaps with California and other states that have set their own standards for emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What it’s going to do is, it’s going to throw the auto industry into chaos,” Roland Hwang, the Natural Resources Defense Council’s director of energy and transportation, tells Sonari, “because to unwind these standards will be a years-long battle in the courts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=EPA+Reopens+U.S.+Rules+Setting+Vehicle+Efficiency+Standards+For+2025&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump’s head of the Environmental Protection Agency says he does not believe that carbon dioxide is a major cause of global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would not agree that [CO\u003csub>\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>\u003c/sub>] is a primary contributor to the global warming that we see,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/epas-administrator\">Scott Pruitt\u003c/a> said Thursday in \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/09/epa-chief-scott-pruitt.html\">an interview\u003c/a> with CNBC’s Joe Kernen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that measuring with precision human activity on the climate is something very challenging to do, and there’s tremendous disagreement about the degree of impact,” Pruitt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those statements are at odds with \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/\">an overwhelming body of scientific evidence\u003c/a> showing that humans are causing the climate to warm by releasing CO\u003csub>\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>\u003c/sub> into the atmosphere. The view that CO\u003csub>\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>\u003c/sub> is a major heat-trapping gas is supported by reams of data, included data collected by government agencies such as NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt’s views are consistent with earlier comments he has made on the topic of climate change. As attorney general of Oklahoma, Pruitt often claimed that there was scientific uncertainty over whether humans are changing the climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”wdb79Im6uNsqwmDBOKmrESHdXUVqlCBG”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/07/us/politics/scott-pruitt-environmental-protection-agency.html\">reported\u003c/a> earlier this week that Pruitt is bringing in similar-minded political appointees to help run the EPA. Many come from the office of \u003ca href=\"http://www.inhofe.senate.gov/\">Sen. James Inhofe\u003c/a>, an Oklahoma Republican and longtime climate change denier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt’s comments come just over two weeks after he took the helm of the EPA, the agency with the authority to regulate CO\u003csub>\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>\u003c/sub> and other greenhouse gases as pollutants. In 2014, the EPA \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/cleanpowerplan/clean-power-plan-existing-power-plants#CPP-final\">unveiled rules\u003c/a> that would require substantial reductions to greenhouse gases from power plants as part of a broader effort to limit global warming. The rule was contested by industry and states, and is currently under review in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt also said he believed that a major climate agreement reached in Paris was “a bad deal,” and that he would soon be making an announcement about changes to so-called \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhtsa.gov/laws-regulations/corporate-average-fuel-economy\">CAFE standards\u003c/a>, which set fuel efficiency goals for cars and trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt’s latest statements on climate change come after the second-warmest February in the past 123 years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/\">according to NOAA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump’s head of the Environmental Protection Agency says he does not believe that carbon dioxide is a major cause of global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would not agree that [CO\u003csub>\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>\u003c/sub>] is a primary contributor to the global warming that we see,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/aboutepa/epas-administrator\">Scott Pruitt\u003c/a> said Thursday in \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2017/03/09/epa-chief-scott-pruitt.html\">an interview\u003c/a> with CNBC’s Joe Kernen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe that measuring with precision human activity on the climate is something very challenging to do, and there’s tremendous disagreement about the degree of impact,” Pruitt said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those statements are at odds with \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/\">an overwhelming body of scientific evidence\u003c/a> showing that humans are causing the climate to warm by releasing CO\u003csub>\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>\u003c/sub> into the atmosphere. The view that CO\u003csub>\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>\u003c/sub> is a major heat-trapping gas is supported by reams of data, included data collected by government agencies such as NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt’s views are consistent with earlier comments he has made on the topic of climate change. As attorney general of Oklahoma, Pruitt often claimed that there was scientific uncertainty over whether humans are changing the climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/07/us/politics/scott-pruitt-environmental-protection-agency.html\">reported\u003c/a> earlier this week that Pruitt is bringing in similar-minded political appointees to help run the EPA. Many come from the office of \u003ca href=\"http://www.inhofe.senate.gov/\">Sen. James Inhofe\u003c/a>, an Oklahoma Republican and longtime climate change denier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt’s comments come just over two weeks after he took the helm of the EPA, the agency with the authority to regulate CO\u003csub>\u003csup>2\u003c/sup>\u003c/sub> and other greenhouse gases as pollutants. In 2014, the EPA \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/cleanpowerplan/clean-power-plan-existing-power-plants#CPP-final\">unveiled rules\u003c/a> that would require substantial reductions to greenhouse gases from power plants as part of a broader effort to limit global warming. The rule was contested by industry and states, and is currently under review in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt also said he believed that a major climate agreement reached in Paris was “a bad deal,” and that he would soon be making an announcement about changes to so-called \u003ca href=\"https://www.nhtsa.gov/laws-regulations/corporate-average-fuel-economy\">CAFE standards\u003c/a>, which set fuel efficiency goals for cars and trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pruitt’s latest statements on climate change come after the second-warmest February in the past 123 years, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/\">according to NOAA\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Many Californians are still in disbelief that after five years of too little water during the drought, now the problem is too much water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy winter storms have done more than cause problems at Oroville Dam, where thousands of people were evacuated after erosion of a critical spillway. They’ve also stressed thousands of miles of levees and flood infrastructure downstream of the major dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some say it’s a wake-up call because the state’s warming climate could mean more of the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Downstream Stress\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With rivers running high, levee patrols have been on high alert for any sign of damage. Earlier this month, 60 feet of levee collapsed on Tyler Island, near the town of Walnut Grove in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Our water system was really built in an old climate. It’s a climate that is no longer the climate of California.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Noah Diffenbaugh, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A huge crane was brought in to dump rocks in the gash, in the hope of preventing the river from breaking through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every hour we work, we’re safer,” said Mello, a farmer on the island who anxiously watched every rock load. “We’re not out of the woods yet by a long shot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearby farms and homes would be underwater without the levee, as the island sits 17 feet below sea level at its lowest point. Mello watched the levee disintegrate in just 15 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s ‘New Climate’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This shouldn’t be a surprise,” says Noah Diffenbaugh, climate scientist at Stanford University. “It’s actually exactly what’s been predicted by scientists for at least 30 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1431485\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1431485\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-1020x614.jpg\" alt=\"California's backlog of levee maintenance runs hundreds of millions of dollars. \" width=\"640\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-1020x614.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-800x481.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-768x462.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-1180x710.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-960x578.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-240x144.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-375x226.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-520x313.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s backlog of levee maintenance runs hundreds of millions of dollars. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Diffenbaugh says while drought and floods aren’t new for California, climate change could make them both more extreme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s hot out, water is going to evaporate,” said Diffenbaugh. “And that’s what happens with soils. We’re getting more frequent occurrences of low precipitation leading to drought because the temperatures are higher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During wet years, warmer temperatures will cause more precipitation to fall as rain instead of snow. The snowpack is also showing signs of melting earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the contrary, California’s water system was designed a century ago, around having a predictable snowpack in the Sierra Nevada, which acts like frozen reservoir, storing water until the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”1Ml3NikETEPKAYD1HkA1KCiMZpc4D7eJ”]California’s flood system can handle that slow melt, but isn’t really equipped for a huge amount of runoff all at once, Diffenbaugh says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our water system was really built in an old climate,” he says. “It’s a climate that is no longer the climate of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updating Infrastructure\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California’s dams have struggled to handle the influx of winter rain, some are calling for more water storage projects to be built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clearly our water model isn’t working,” reads a \u003ca href=\"http://www.modbee.com/opinion/editorials/article133907709.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent editorial in the Modesto Bee\u003c/a>. “We need more dams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if dams are big enough to capture flood events, the channels below the dams may not be able to handle higher flows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spillway on Don Pedro Dam near Modesto \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/17/another-california-dam-grapples-with-flood-danger/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was opened \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/17/another-california-dam-grapples-with-flood-danger/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently \u003c/a> for the first time in 20 years, to prevent the reservoir from overflowing. But the amount of water operators could release has been limited by the capacity of the river channel below it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1431486\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1431486\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-1020x583.jpg\" alt=\"A dredge drops rock on Tyler Island.\" width=\"640\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-1020x583.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-160x92.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-800x458.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-768x439.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-1180x675.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-960x549.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-240x137.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-375x214.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-520x297.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dredge drops rock on the Tyler Island levee. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This flood here has really tested us,” said Jay Lund, director of the Center for Watershed Sciences at UC Davis. “We’ve found we have quite a bit of levees to work on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dams also aren’t the only option for storing water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest source of water storage in California is groundwater and it always will be,” says Lund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has been experimenting with diverting floodwater onto fields, where it can seep into aquifers that were drawn down dramatically during the recent drought. That could potentially allow reservoirs to leave more room in the winter to catch extreme runoff events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re able to move some of the storage to aquifers,” says Lund, “that should free up more storage in the reservoirs to capture that now bigger annual cycle of wet months.”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge for improving California’s flood readiness has long been funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has identified \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/blog_detail.asp?i=2232\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">billions of dollars of flood control projects\u003c/a> and levee maintenance that’s needed, as part of its Central Valley Flood Protection Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the big holes in our water system is that we don’t have very good regular funding for flood control,” notes Lund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Gov. Jerry Brown announced plans to spend $437 million on improving flood infrastructure, with money from a combination of sources, including federal dollars and Proposition 1, which California voters passed in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Many Californians are still in disbelief that after five years of too little water during the drought, now the problem is too much water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heavy winter storms have done more than cause problems at Oroville Dam, where thousands of people were evacuated after erosion of a critical spillway. They’ve also stressed thousands of miles of levees and flood infrastructure downstream of the major dams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some say it’s a wake-up call because the state’s warming climate could mean more of the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Downstream Stress\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With rivers running high, levee patrols have been on high alert for any sign of damage. Earlier this month, 60 feet of levee collapsed on Tyler Island, near the town of Walnut Grove in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Our water system was really built in an old climate. It’s a climate that is no longer the climate of California.’\u003cbr>\n\u003ccite>Noah Diffenbaugh, Stanford University\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A huge crane was brought in to dump rocks in the gash, in the hope of preventing the river from breaking through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every hour we work, we’re safer,” said Mello, a farmer on the island who anxiously watched every rock load. “We’re not out of the woods yet by a long shot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearby farms and homes would be underwater without the levee, as the island sits 17 feet below sea level at its lowest point. Mello watched the levee disintegrate in just 15 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>California’s ‘New Climate’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This shouldn’t be a surprise,” says Noah Diffenbaugh, climate scientist at Stanford University. “It’s actually exactly what’s been predicted by scientists for at least 30 years.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1431485\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1431485\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-1020x614.jpg\" alt=\"California's backlog of levee maintenance runs hundreds of millions of dollars. \" width=\"640\" height=\"385\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-1020x614.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-160x96.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-800x481.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-768x462.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-1180x710.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-960x578.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-240x144.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-375x226.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee2-web-520x313.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California’s backlog of levee maintenance runs hundreds of millions of dollars. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Diffenbaugh says while drought and floods aren’t new for California, climate change could make them both more extreme.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If it’s hot out, water is going to evaporate,” said Diffenbaugh. “And that’s what happens with soils. We’re getting more frequent occurrences of low precipitation leading to drought because the temperatures are higher.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During wet years, warmer temperatures will cause more precipitation to fall as rain instead of snow. The snowpack is also showing signs of melting earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the contrary, California’s water system was designed a century ago, around having a predictable snowpack in the Sierra Nevada, which acts like frozen reservoir, storing water until the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>California’s flood system can handle that slow melt, but isn’t really equipped for a huge amount of runoff all at once, Diffenbaugh says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our water system was really built in an old climate,” he says. “It’s a climate that is no longer the climate of California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updating Infrastructure\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As California’s dams have struggled to handle the influx of winter rain, some are calling for more water storage projects to be built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Clearly our water model isn’t working,” reads a \u003ca href=\"http://www.modbee.com/opinion/editorials/article133907709.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent editorial in the Modesto Bee\u003c/a>. “We need more dams.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if dams are big enough to capture flood events, the channels below the dams may not be able to handle higher flows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spillway on Don Pedro Dam near Modesto \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/17/another-california-dam-grapples-with-flood-danger/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was opened \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/02/17/another-california-dam-grapples-with-flood-danger/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recently \u003c/a> for the first time in 20 years, to prevent the reservoir from overflowing. But the amount of water operators could release has been limited by the capacity of the river channel below it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1431486\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-1431486\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-1020x583.jpg\" alt=\"A dredge drops rock on Tyler Island.\" width=\"640\" height=\"366\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-1020x583.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-160x92.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-800x458.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-768x439.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-1180x675.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-960x549.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-240x137.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-375x214.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/02/Levee3-web-520x297.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dredge drops rock on the Tyler Island levee. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This flood here has really tested us,” said Jay Lund, director of the Center for Watershed Sciences at UC Davis. “We’ve found we have quite a bit of levees to work on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dams also aren’t the only option for storing water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The biggest source of water storage in California is groundwater and it always will be,” says Lund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has been experimenting with diverting floodwater onto fields, where it can seep into aquifers that were drawn down dramatically during the recent drought. That could potentially allow reservoirs to leave more room in the winter to catch extreme runoff events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we’re able to move some of the storage to aquifers,” says Lund, “that should free up more storage in the reservoirs to capture that now bigger annual cycle of wet months.”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge for improving California’s flood readiness has long been funding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state has identified \u003ca href=\"http://www.ppic.org/main/blog_detail.asp?i=2232\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">billions of dollars of flood control projects\u003c/a> and levee maintenance that’s needed, as part of its Central Valley Flood Protection Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the big holes in our water system is that we don’t have very good regular funding for flood control,” notes Lund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Gov. Jerry Brown announced plans to spend $437 million on improving flood infrastructure, with money from a combination of sources, including federal dollars and Proposition 1, which California voters passed in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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