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"content": "\u003cp>Global climate change is a such a dramatic and vast event, it can be hard to find reasons to believe we can change the momentum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmentalist Paul Hawken, in his new book, offers 100 reasons to hope. Hawken is a seasoned advocate for the power of human action to address climate change. He co-founded the retail and catalog company \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith_%26_Hawken\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Smith & Hawken\u003c/a> and has written several best-selling books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His latest is called \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.drawdown.org/the-book/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Drawdown: The Most Comprehensive Plan Ever Proposed to Reduce Global Warming\u003c/a>\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED’s \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/author/dkatayama/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Devin Katayama\u003c/a> spoke with Paul Hawken about his book and what each one of us can do to “draw down” the atmosphere’s carbon load.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>Katayama: You call this the most comprehensive plan ever proposed to reduce global warming. That’s a pretty bold statement.\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Hawken: Not only bold, it’s cheeky and rash [but] it is the most comprehensive plan to reverse global warming because no one has ever proposed a plan. In three years of research, with over 200 scientists and research fellows, we discovered that there is a de facto plan afoot in the world to reduce global warming but it’s not top down. It’s not from some person or some institution. It’s a collective wisdom, if you will.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1592341\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1592341\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-800x601.jpg\" alt=\"In his new book Paul Hawken lays out a 100 point plan for slowing and reversing human-caused climate change.\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-800x601.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-768x577.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-1920x1442.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-1180x886.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-960x721.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-375x282.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In his new book, Paul Hawken lays out a 100 point plan for slowing and reversing human-caused climate change. \u003ccite>(Paul Hawken)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>\u003cb>Katayama\u003c/b>: And so you did talk to a ton of scientists and you came up with this whole list of things that the world needs to do in the coming decades to really tackle climate change. What are some of the recommendations that you learned?\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Hawken: We don’t make recommendations. We map, measure and model the 100 most substantive solutions. And we went through hundreds of solutions and tested and did the math. All the data are based on peer reviewed science.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>\u003cb>Katayama\u003c/b>: Well let’s talk about one of the solutions in your book. It’s called the micro-grid and it’s this really fascinating example of zero-carbon energy, this idea that a neighborhood can be its own energy supplier. Tell us why that is and how these micro-grids work.\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Hawken: The micro-grid is really localization of energy. We hear a lot about local food, and farm to fork; this is sun to home. You’re gathering your energy locally, but you’re actually in a small grid and you’re sharing it in a way that allows for peaks and valleys of the energy, different sources of energy. And in developing countries they can’t afford power grids. They’re too remote. They don’t have the money in the first place. They don’t have centralized energy generation plants. And for them they can \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leapfrogging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">leapfrog\u003c/a> where we are today to a very different system, where they use micro-wind and solar and larger wind turbines.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1592343\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-800x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Drawdown_coverhires\" width=\"300\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-800x1024.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-160x205.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-768x983.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-1020x1305.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-1920x2457.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-1180x1510.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-960x1228.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-240x307.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-375x480.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-520x665.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">They then can create an energy grid that supplies all the needs they have. You see this throughout India and Africa and eventually we’re going to see it in the United States, not because we’re a low income country but because it’ll be cheaper. Because people [will] have energy storage in their homes, they’ll have energy generation on their roofs and they’ll hook up to each other and it’ll be cheaper than what we’re paying today.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>\u003cb>Katayama: \u003c/b>As you look ahead, what industries or business do you think stand to make the most progress?\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Hawken: I think the biggest industry that can influence global warming is the food industry, and that surprised us when we did the modeling and assumed it would be energy. But actually, food has the biggest impact in terms of reversing [climate change] in reducing energy use and sequestering carbon. [It can] bring carbon back down from the atmosphere by photosynthesis and store it in the soil. Our recommendations are actually is profitable, regenerative farming techniques create more productivity. [Regenerative farming] has so many benefits and it’s such an exciting area for people to go into. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>\u003cb>Katayama\u003c/b>: What about individuals? What can I do in my home to help out?\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Hawken: The number one thing you can do, and I’m starting to do it now too by the way (which I thought I did before, but wasn’t so aware of it) is reduce food waste. Americans waste 40 percent of the food that we produce. And it takes a lot of energy to produce that food, not just on a farm level but shipping and storage and packing and distribution and processing. It takes 14 or 15 calories for every calorie you consume, and then you toss it. Not in San Francisco, but in most cities in the world and certainly in the United States, that food then goes to landfills and produces methane, a greenhouse gas which is 34 times more powerful than CO2. So, reducing food waste.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">And now, my wife calls me \u003cem>animalito\u003c/em> [or “little animal”]. She’s Spanish and calls me that because I’m eating everything you’d normally throw away.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>This interview was edited and abridged for clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\n\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Hawken: Not only bold, it’s cheeky and rash [but] it is the most comprehensive plan to reverse global warming because no one has ever proposed a plan. In three years of research, with over 200 scientists and research fellows, we discovered that there is a de facto plan afoot in the world to reduce global warming but it’s not top down. It’s not from some person or some institution. It’s a collective wisdom, if you will.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1592341\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1592341\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-800x601.jpg\" alt=\"In his new book Paul Hawken lays out a 100 point plan for slowing and reversing human-caused climate change.\" width=\"800\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-800x601.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-768x577.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-1920x1442.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-1180x886.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-960x721.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-375x282.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/PaulHawken1-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In his new book, Paul Hawken lays out a 100 point plan for slowing and reversing human-caused climate change. \u003ccite>(Paul Hawken)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>\u003cb>Katayama\u003c/b>: And so you did talk to a ton of scientists and you came up with this whole list of things that the world needs to do in the coming decades to really tackle climate change. What are some of the recommendations that you learned?\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Hawken: We don’t make recommendations. We map, measure and model the 100 most substantive solutions. And we went through hundreds of solutions and tested and did the math. All the data are based on peer reviewed science.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>\u003cb>Katayama\u003c/b>: Well let’s talk about one of the solutions in your book. It’s called the micro-grid and it’s this really fascinating example of zero-carbon energy, this idea that a neighborhood can be its own energy supplier. Tell us why that is and how these micro-grids work.\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Hawken: The micro-grid is really localization of energy. We hear a lot about local food, and farm to fork; this is sun to home. You’re gathering your energy locally, but you’re actually in a small grid and you’re sharing it in a way that allows for peaks and valleys of the energy, different sources of energy. And in developing countries they can’t afford power grids. They’re too remote. They don’t have the money in the first place. They don’t have centralized energy generation plants. And for them they can \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leapfrogging\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">leapfrog\u003c/a> where we are today to a very different system, where they use micro-wind and solar and larger wind turbines.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-1592343\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-800x1024.jpg\" alt=\"Drawdown_coverhires\" width=\"300\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-800x1024.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-160x205.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-768x983.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-1020x1305.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-1920x2457.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-1180x1510.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-960x1228.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-240x307.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-375x480.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/04/Drawdown_coverhires-520x665.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">They then can create an energy grid that supplies all the needs they have. You see this throughout India and Africa and eventually we’re going to see it in the United States, not because we’re a low income country but because it’ll be cheaper. Because people [will] have energy storage in their homes, they’ll have energy generation on their roofs and they’ll hook up to each other and it’ll be cheaper than what we’re paying today.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>\u003cb>Katayama: \u003c/b>As you look ahead, what industries or business do you think stand to make the most progress?\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Hawken: I think the biggest industry that can influence global warming is the food industry, and that surprised us when we did the modeling and assumed it would be energy. But actually, food has the biggest impact in terms of reversing [climate change] in reducing energy use and sequestering carbon. [It can] bring carbon back down from the atmosphere by photosynthesis and store it in the soil. Our recommendations are actually is profitable, regenerative farming techniques create more productivity. [Regenerative farming] has so many benefits and it’s such an exciting area for people to go into. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003cb>\u003cb>Katayama\u003c/b>: What about individuals? What can I do in my home to help out?\u003c/b>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">Hawken: The number one thing you can do, and I’m starting to do it now too by the way (which I thought I did before, but wasn’t so aware of it) is reduce food waste. Americans waste 40 percent of the food that we produce. And it takes a lot of energy to produce that food, not just on a farm level but shipping and storage and packing and distribution and processing. It takes 14 or 15 calories for every calorie you consume, and then you toss it. Not in San Francisco, but in most cities in the world and certainly in the United States, that food then goes to landfills and produces methane, a greenhouse gas which is 34 times more powerful than CO2. So, reducing food waste.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">And now, my wife calls me \u003cem>animalito\u003c/em> [or “little animal”]. She’s Spanish and calls me that because I’m eating everything you’d normally throw away.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cem>This interview was edited and abridged for clarity.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"p1\">\n\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "rising-seas-claiming-californias-coast-faster-than-scientists-imagined",
"title": "Rising Seas Claiming California's Coast Faster Than Scientists Imagined",
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"headTitle": "Rising Seas Claiming California’s Coast Faster Than Scientists Imagined | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span> slow-moving emergency is lapping at California’s shores — climate-driven sea-level rise that experts now predict could elevate the water in coastal areas up to 10 feet in just 70 years, gobbling up beachfront and overwhelming low-lying cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The speed with which polar ice is melting and glacier shelves are cracking off indicates to some scientists that once-unthinkable outer-range projections of sea rise may turn out to be too conservative. A knee-buckling new \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science-1.pdf?x35230\">state-commissioned report\u003c/a> warns that if nothing changes, California’s coastal waters will rise at a rate 30 to 40 times faster than in the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential result: crippled economies, compromised public safety, submerged infrastructure and a forced retreat from our iconic Pacific coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No state has done more than California to curb greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change and sea-level rise. But experts say that even if carbon reductions continue, residual warming of the ocean will continue unchecked, breeding surges that will impact the state’s coast and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month the U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/news/disappearing-beaches-modeling-shoreline-change-southern-california\">estimated\u003c/a> that without concerted intervention, as much as 67 percent of Southern California’s beaches could be lost to rising seas by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A consensus of scientific research makes catastrophic projections that, in the worst case, will be reality by the end of this century:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>International airports in San Francisco and Oakland will face flooding, rendering them unusable.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Housing perched on fast-eroding coastal bluffs in Pacifica and elsewhere will continue to crash into the sea.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Malibu’s Broad Beach will dwindle into a seldom-seen slice of sand, its name an oxymoron.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Flooding in the Delta will overwhelm rivers and strain levees critical to California’s water supply.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Power plants, nuclear waste sites and other sensitive waterside sites need to be fortified or will be lost.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Roads, bridges and railways along the coast from Mendocino to San Diego will be abandoned and relocated inland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Francisco’s Embarcadero and low-lying cities such as Huntington Beach will flood more frequently and more severely.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>More than 42,000 homes in California will be under water — not merely flooded, but with seawater over roofs.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The grim outlook is mirrored in the latest report, which is being presented April 26 for adoption by the state’s Ocean Protection Council. Its sea-level rise projections will assist state agencies and local governments with planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No stretch of the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://coast.noaa.gov/data/docs/states/shorelines.pdf\">3,400 miles\u003c/a> of coast, bays, inlets and islands will be spared. Addressing sea-level rise will cost a staggering amount of public and private money, and will particularly impact the poor and vulnerable. The problem becomes more urgent with much of California’s wealth huddled along the coast, supporting an ocean-dependent $44 billion economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, state and local officials may come to the gut-wrenching conclusion that some coastal land should be simply abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not doing well at all,” said Democratic Assemblyman Mark Stone, chairman of the Select Committee on Coastal Protection and Access to Natural Resources. “We have yet to really start to answer the hard questions and make policy — saying, ‘No, we are not going to put public money here.’ Eventually we should get to the point that we are not going to do any public investment in those places any more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most scientists tread lightly in the policy realm, providing the information for others to craft into regulations. Not Bill Patzert, who has for years sounded the alarm about rising oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not an existential threat. It’s real. It’s gonna happen,” said Patzert, a climatologist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. “Here’s the bigger issue: If you’re in the tunnel and you see the train coming at you, what do you do? Do you race towards it or do you back out? It’s just common sense. As a society, why aren’t we doing that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/regional-rs-opt.gif\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>How high will it go? \u003ca href=\"#anchor\">Check sea level rise near your neighborhood\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nScientists use maps such as this to help state and local officials plan for sea level rise and associated flooding. This interactive graphic shows potential flood zones with water up to 10 feet, the outer range of current projections. (Map by Climate Central)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">F\u003c/span>rom deep in the hive of large brains at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, set hard against the San Gabriel Mountains, an intense group of scientists from Caltech and the NASA are harnessing satellites that for decades have been peering into space and are now directing their gaze to Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers — with advanced degrees in physics, mathematics and oceanography — are engaged in what many consider to be the critical research of our time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are watching ice melt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sitting alone in a cubicle, bathed in the glow of a computer screen or staring down the barrel of a telescope, can be a balm for scientists. Concerning themselves with one finite slice of a planet-wide catastrophe allows them to compartmentalize and disengage from the entire sobering picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even professional detachment fails against the unfolding horror show depicted in the cold display of satellite imagery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are in the process of watching the ice sheet in Greenland disappear,” said the lab’s oceanographer Josh Willis, who leads a team studying Greenland. “This is the first time humans have been able to measure it. The last time it was shrinking at this rate was tens of thousands of years ago.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=swHW80EWIk0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The diminishment of Greenland’s ice mass has been accelerating alarmingly, losing a trillion tons in the last four years. The rapid melting is getting the attention of scientists because locked away in the Greenland ice sheet is the possibility to raise global sea levels by 24 feet. The Antarctic holds 187 feet of potential ice melt. Polar ice loss on that scale would have unfathomable consequences for continued life on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis uses satellites to measure the warmth of the waters around Greenland. Because he has a sense of humor, his project is known to all as OMG: Oceans Melting Greenland. (He preferred calling it Water Temperature Fjords, but couldn’t get the acronym past government sensibilities.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As scientists, we’re witnessing these huge events, and it’s telling us how the Earth is changing,” Willis said. “Of course, I’m also a citizen, I live on this planet, and it is worrying that it’s happening. It’s sometimes profoundly shocking to wake up and realize we’re reshaping our entire planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">U\u003c/span>nderstanding the threat of sea-level rise in California depends to some extent on where you are standing: Boots in the dust of the Central Valley and you might curse the lateness of a rail shipment held up by flooding at the port of Oakland; bare feet in the sand at Huntington Beach and you may have to consider relocating your family, your home and all your possessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some simple math: Every inch of sea-level rise equates to an 8- to 10-feet loss of beach. So, using the conservative projection of a 4-foot rise, and the lower-end 8-foot-per inch formula, that equates to 384 feet of coastal beach loss in the next 70 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10-foot rise scenario, which scientists peg as the new worst-case, would cause a land loss of 800 feet — the length of two-and-a-half football fields. The sea will not rise the same amount in every place; scientists say each discrete elevation is dependent on factors such as the shape of the sea floor and the slope of the landfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”MOJVPynj3hoY0QFxBoHsTER6Y383wdd2″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Considering the scope of this coming catastrophe, it does not appear to be front-of-mind to many in the state. But that doesn’t mean it’s gone unstudied. California has a peerless capacity to turn over problems until they are smooth and shiny. Understanding comes first, with action often a distant and expensive second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A tour through recent scientific analyses:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/publication/the-impacts-of-sea-level-rise-on-the-california-coast/\">2009 report\u003c/a> on sea-level rise commissioned by the state paints worst-case scenarios that are the stuff of disaster movies: A half-million Californians at risk of flooding and more than $100 billion worth of infrastructure. More than two dozen coastal power plants flooded, along with hundreds of hazardous waste facilities, as well as schools, hospitals, police stations, ports and major airports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2012 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacinst.org/app/uploads/2013/02/sea_level_rise_sf_bay_cec3.pdf\">report\u003c/a> prepared for the California Energy Commission focused just on the San Francisco Bay and its 1,000 miles of shoreline, concluding: “Rising sea levels will overwhelm the existing protection structures, putting the 140,000 people currently living in vulnerable areas at increased risk.” The authors cautioned their findings did not reflect worst-case scenarios. And, if no action is taken to address the vulnerabilities, the risk projections should be considered “substantially low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Assembly weighed in with a \u003ca href=\"http://lafco.smcgov.org/sites/lafco.smcgov.org/files/documents/files/Select%20Committee%20Sea-Level%20Rise%20Report.pdf\">report\u003c/a> in 2014, and the next year the Senate chimed in with its own \u003ca href=\"http://senv.senate.ca.gov/sites/senv.senate.ca.gov/files/Climate%20Change%20Adaptation_California%20State%20Senate_2015.pdf\">review\u003c/a>, amping it up a bit: “With current projections, rising seas combined with a 100-year flood event would close over 2,000 miles of roadway, the Oakland and San Francisco airports, and the Port of Oakland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sobering fact of those state-of-the-art reports, recent though they are, is that they are already out of date and not nearly comprehensive enough in describing the scope of what currently faces California. Nor remotely scary enough. What scientists are observing now is, they say, a rapid and steep change that, even as it unfolds over comparatively long periods of time, is nonetheless occurring at a breathtaking pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-800x487.jpg\" alt=\"A melting glacier calving.\" width=\"800\" height=\"487\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11428170\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-800x487.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-160x97.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-1020x621.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-1180x718.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-960x584.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-240x146.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-375x228.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-520x316.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A melting glacier calving. \u003ccite>(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>ea-level rise is caused primarily by two factors related to global warming: the expansion of seawater as it heats up and the added water volume from melting ice. Researchers focused on glacial melt in Greenland and Antarctica see the process as an action-packed cataclysm marked by heaving ice shelves collapsing into the sea and sheets of decaying ice sloughing off the end of a continent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The power unleashed by that tide of ice is awesome to contemplate. Water has always been one of the most destructive and transformative forces in nature. With warmer waters creating more energy that incubates more powerful storms, some see a near future in which seas assault our coast more frequently and with greater force. Exhibit A: California’s past winter, when repeated storms lashed the state, resulting in a preliminary price tag of $569 million and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fema.gov/news-release/2017/02/14/president-trump-approves-major-disaster-declaration-california\">federal disaster declaration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”8KyRocF3RKw0FoMkxWYmIMHzH54c6CW7″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists warn that intensified\u003ca href=\"http://research.noaa.gov/News/NewsArchive/LatestNews/TabId/684/ArtMID/1768/ArticleID/11723/Leftover-warm-water-in-Pacific-Ocean-fueled-massive-El-Ni241o.aspx\"> El Nino \u003c/a>events, coupled with higher seas, will bring about unprecedented flooding. What civil engineers refer to as nuisance flooding — overwhelmed storm sewers and street flooding — is already more common. \u003ca href=\"http://california.kingtides.net/\">King Tides\u003c/a> are getting worse. Commuting times, the ability of first-responders to get to an accident scene, and the transportation of goods by road will be severely compromised, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That risk, too, can be observed at its point of origin. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) maintains tide gauges that bob and float in U.S. waters, sentinels sending out a stream of data measuring current sea levels. The information feeds tidal forecasts used by surfers and mariners, and is also monitored by emergency services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends.html\">tide and currents map\u003c/a> is both colorful and alarming. The maps depict the North American continent ringed by arrows pointing straight up, denoting trending rising sea levels, like pickets defending the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out the coast is all-but defenseless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brett Sanders, a civil and environmental engineer at UC Irvine, is using a grant from the National Science Foundation to help inform communities along the California and northern Mexican coast about the risk of rising waters. Most people are thrilled that they’ve managed to fulfill a dream of living near the beach, Sanders said, and are unaware of what they should do to protect themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have done a bad job of mapping flood risk. It’s awful,” Sanders said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zillow, the website that calculates residential real estate values, recently took its maps of coastal property and overlaid NOAA’s sea-level projections. Using what are now thought to be conservative projections, the company estimated 2 million coastal homes in the United States would be underwater by the end of the century. Not as in being upside down on a mortgage, but as in fish swimming through the den. The total value of those homes? Nearly $1 trillion, in California, $49 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zillow’s chief economist, Svenja Gudell, said she was surprised that when the company shared its\u003ca href=\"https://www.zillow.com/research/climate-change-underwater-homes-12890/\"> information\u003c/a> with mayors or city planners, officials saw it as an event that would take place far in the future. “For some of these places the time horizon is not 100 years, it’s happening now,” she said. “It’s not as top of mind as it should be or you would like it to be. People are underinsured when it comes to flood insurance. The system is broken.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gudell said that her research showed that homeowners living in high-risk areas are not getting market cues —real estate values in beach areas destroyed by Hurricane Sandy are now higher than before the superstorm that played out on national television in the fall of 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were not able to explain that rationally,” Gudell said. “We will see in the future, if you are on a cliff and that cliff is further eroding and if you put a piece of property on that land, it won’t be safe anymore. For now, the benefit of living in these homes clearly outweighs the current and future cost of living there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428176\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Apartment buildings hang perilously over an increasingly eroded bluff in Pacifica.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11428176\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-960x719.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-520x389.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apartment buildings hang perilously over an increasingly eroded bluff in Pacifica. \u003ccite>(Eric Cheng/The Nature Conservancy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Which leaves us with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program\">National Flood Insurance Program\u003c/a>, a troubled and debt-ridden program operated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The flood insurance covers millions of Americans living in flood zones, based on maps that are decades out of date. The program is currently $24 billion in debt and requires reauthorization from Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of the federal insurance say the rates don’t reflect current risks, leaving taxpayers on the hook for someone else’s folly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic state Sen. Henry Stern represents a coastal district that includes Malibu and a string of state beaches. A lifelong surfer, he understands the attraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so alluring,” he said of living by the beach. “But my whole thing is to make the market tell the truth about it. We know where sea level rise is going to happen. What I don’t want to happen is for all of us to bear the bill afterwards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the horrific projections scientists have repeatedly shared about public health and safety associated with rising seas, it might be the economic cost that spurs action. A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2961.epdf?referrer_access_token=cgJFXWlBrOrbB2rhtzQ-w9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0NW5dzPCV1LQTM2JMQvXgeVn3tMRlxMKqplqdO2K8lMw-F6rujRXhG6lI8cdfGPsASvKqsv2kvbbX_NlaMAWQY4uy470S-qmZZAuPl9Bj3JzEiJ6pR7Mqt1NXJcMNys_U_M_ZuC\">paper\u003c/a> published in the journal Nature estimated the annual global cost for sea-level rise adaptation measures at about $421 billion per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors of the study argue that the figure doesn’t take into account population growth and clustering around coasts. By the year 2100, the report warns, the price tag for mass relocations could exceed $14 trillion. Given California’s coastal population clusters — 75 percent of the state’s residents live in a coastal county — the figure here will be enormous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he Ocean Protection Council receiving the new science report is a state agency whose mission, as its name implies, is to look after the welfare of California’s piece of the Pacific Ocean. It’s an almost laughably large responsibility, and one that the members approach thoughtfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report placed the scientific findings at the forefront, said Liz Whiteman, the science and strategy director for the Ocean Science Trust, which was a partner in the study. That means the analysis does not entertain the question of whether climate change is altering the behavior of the Pacific. Nor does it belabor stale arguments about how weather has always changed. It is, rather, an unsparing document that presents the best projections about the range of sea rise, and, for the first time, assigns a probability and risk to those numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is in a great place for being willing to call the hard question and not shying away,” Whiteman said. “There is no doubt that there is some scary information contained in a report looking at sea-level rise and our future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Cayan, one of seven scientists who contributed to the newest report, is a researcher at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, investigating how climate affects changes in oceans. Viewed from his office window in La Jolla, the Pacific Ocean appears benign and soothing. But a glimpse into the updated information he’s assembling paints a different, darker picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"anchor\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New data and more sophisticated modeling, he said, coupled with more extreme climate warming, “Is going to be pushing the amount of sea-level rise above what was thought to be reasonable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border:0px;scrolling:no;width:100%;height:530px\" src=\"https://ss2.climatecentral.org/widget.html?utm_source=David%20Marks%20KQED&utm_medium=embed&utm_campaign=SS2-Map#6/36.880/-119.443?show=satellite&projections=1-RCP85-SLR&level=10&unit=feet&pois=hide&contentTitle=Check%20sea%20level%20rise%20near%20your%20neighborhood\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comparing previous projections to current ones, he said, is no longer useful. “We’re actually off this scale,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cayan pulls out the 2012 report from the National Research Council, which is the basis for California’s current sea-level rise assumptions and the predicate for the state’s coastal policies. The mid-range of its projections envisions about 3 feet of rise by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then he carefully takes out a sheet with the new data. Cayan points at the the elaborate graphs to the updated mid-range projection— 8½ feet. Cayan and his colleagues shrug off questions about how to apply their science—that’s the job of the politicians. But the report does counsel state officials to consider the worst-case scenario in their deliberations, and cautions: “Waiting for scientific certainty is neither a safe nor prudent option.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what now? California planners and policymakers will pore over the latest report. Their deliberations will result, at some point, in “updated guidance” to use the parlance of the bureaucracy. The final document will help local officials incorporate the sea-level rise projections into their future plans for building and safety, in some cases altering zoning and building codes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Greenland’s summer ice melt season begins, and the 2-mile deep ice sheet that was created in the last Ice Age continues to shrink. Researchers drilling ice cores have been astounded to find more and more streams of water rushing below the sheet—a river of water scything through ice. The proliferation of these ‘melt streams’ is leading scientists to consider that the loss of Greenland’s ice may be set on an unstoppable trajectory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No longer a matter of if, but only of when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the first in a series: Next up — how is California planning for the seemingly inevitable. CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A knee-buckling new report warns that if nothing changes, California’s coastal waters will rise at a rate 30 to 40 times faster than in the last century.",
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"title": "Rising Seas Claiming California's Coast Faster Than Scientists Imagined | KQED",
"description": "A knee-buckling new report warns that if nothing changes, California’s coastal waters will rise at a rate 30 to 40 times faster than in the last century.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/author/julie-cart/\">Julie Cart\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">A\u003c/span> slow-moving emergency is lapping at California’s shores — climate-driven sea-level rise that experts now predict could elevate the water in coastal areas up to 10 feet in just 70 years, gobbling up beachfront and overwhelming low-lying cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The speed with which polar ice is melting and glacier shelves are cracking off indicates to some scientists that once-unthinkable outer-range projections of sea rise may turn out to be too conservative. A knee-buckling new \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science-1.pdf?x35230\">state-commissioned report\u003c/a> warns that if nothing changes, California’s coastal waters will rise at a rate 30 to 40 times faster than in the last century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential result: crippled economies, compromised public safety, submerged infrastructure and a forced retreat from our iconic Pacific coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No state has done more than California to curb greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change and sea-level rise. But experts say that even if carbon reductions continue, residual warming of the ocean will continue unchecked, breeding surges that will impact the state’s coast and Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month the U.S. Geological Survey \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/news/disappearing-beaches-modeling-shoreline-change-southern-california\">estimated\u003c/a> that without concerted intervention, as much as 67 percent of Southern California’s beaches could be lost to rising seas by the end of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A consensus of scientific research makes catastrophic projections that, in the worst case, will be reality by the end of this century:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>International airports in San Francisco and Oakland will face flooding, rendering them unusable.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Housing perched on fast-eroding coastal bluffs in Pacifica and elsewhere will continue to crash into the sea.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Malibu’s Broad Beach will dwindle into a seldom-seen slice of sand, its name an oxymoron.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Flooding in the Delta will overwhelm rivers and strain levees critical to California’s water supply.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Power plants, nuclear waste sites and other sensitive waterside sites need to be fortified or will be lost.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Roads, bridges and railways along the coast from Mendocino to San Diego will be abandoned and relocated inland.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>San Francisco’s Embarcadero and low-lying cities such as Huntington Beach will flood more frequently and more severely.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>More than 42,000 homes in California will be under water — not merely flooded, but with seawater over roofs.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The grim outlook is mirrored in the latest report, which is being presented April 26 for adoption by the state’s Ocean Protection Council. Its sea-level rise projections will assist state agencies and local governments with planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No stretch of the state’s \u003ca href=\"https://coast.noaa.gov/data/docs/states/shorelines.pdf\">3,400 miles\u003c/a> of coast, bays, inlets and islands will be spared. Addressing sea-level rise will cost a staggering amount of public and private money, and will particularly impact the poor and vulnerable. The problem becomes more urgent with much of California’s wealth huddled along the coast, supporting an ocean-dependent $44 billion economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the end, state and local officials may come to the gut-wrenching conclusion that some coastal land should be simply abandoned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not doing well at all,” said Democratic Assemblyman Mark Stone, chairman of the Select Committee on Coastal Protection and Access to Natural Resources. “We have yet to really start to answer the hard questions and make policy — saying, ‘No, we are not going to put public money here.’ Eventually we should get to the point that we are not going to do any public investment in those places any more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most scientists tread lightly in the policy realm, providing the information for others to craft into regulations. Not Bill Patzert, who has for years sounded the alarm about rising oceans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not an existential threat. It’s real. It’s gonna happen,” said Patzert, a climatologist at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory. “Here’s the bigger issue: If you’re in the tunnel and you see the train coming at you, what do you do? Do you race towards it or do you back out? It’s just common sense. As a society, why aren’t we doing that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://calmatters.org/wp-content/uploads/regional-rs-opt.gif\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>How high will it go? \u003ca href=\"#anchor\">Check sea level rise near your neighborhood\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nScientists use maps such as this to help state and local officials plan for sea level rise and associated flooding. This interactive graphic shows potential flood zones with water up to 10 feet, the outer range of current projections. (Map by Climate Central)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">F\u003c/span>rom deep in the hive of large brains at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, set hard against the San Gabriel Mountains, an intense group of scientists from Caltech and the NASA are harnessing satellites that for decades have been peering into space and are now directing their gaze to Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers — with advanced degrees in physics, mathematics and oceanography — are engaged in what many consider to be the critical research of our time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are watching ice melt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sitting alone in a cubicle, bathed in the glow of a computer screen or staring down the barrel of a telescope, can be a balm for scientists. Concerning themselves with one finite slice of a planet-wide catastrophe allows them to compartmentalize and disengage from the entire sobering picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even professional detachment fails against the unfolding horror show depicted in the cold display of satellite imagery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are in the process of watching the ice sheet in Greenland disappear,” said the lab’s oceanographer Josh Willis, who leads a team studying Greenland. “This is the first time humans have been able to measure it. The last time it was shrinking at this rate was tens of thousands of years ago.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/swHW80EWIk0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/swHW80EWIk0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The diminishment of Greenland’s ice mass has been accelerating alarmingly, losing a trillion tons in the last four years. The rapid melting is getting the attention of scientists because locked away in the Greenland ice sheet is the possibility to raise global sea levels by 24 feet. The Antarctic holds 187 feet of potential ice melt. Polar ice loss on that scale would have unfathomable consequences for continued life on Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willis uses satellites to measure the warmth of the waters around Greenland. Because he has a sense of humor, his project is known to all as OMG: Oceans Melting Greenland. (He preferred calling it Water Temperature Fjords, but couldn’t get the acronym past government sensibilities.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As scientists, we’re witnessing these huge events, and it’s telling us how the Earth is changing,” Willis said. “Of course, I’m also a citizen, I live on this planet, and it is worrying that it’s happening. It’s sometimes profoundly shocking to wake up and realize we’re reshaping our entire planet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">U\u003c/span>nderstanding the threat of sea-level rise in California depends to some extent on where you are standing: Boots in the dust of the Central Valley and you might curse the lateness of a rail shipment held up by flooding at the port of Oakland; bare feet in the sand at Huntington Beach and you may have to consider relocating your family, your home and all your possessions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some simple math: Every inch of sea-level rise equates to an 8- to 10-feet loss of beach. So, using the conservative projection of a 4-foot rise, and the lower-end 8-foot-per inch formula, that equates to 384 feet of coastal beach loss in the next 70 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 10-foot rise scenario, which scientists peg as the new worst-case, would cause a land loss of 800 feet — the length of two-and-a-half football fields. The sea will not rise the same amount in every place; scientists say each discrete elevation is dependent on factors such as the shape of the sea floor and the slope of the landfall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Considering the scope of this coming catastrophe, it does not appear to be front-of-mind to many in the state. But that doesn’t mean it’s gone unstudied. California has a peerless capacity to turn over problems until they are smooth and shiny. Understanding comes first, with action often a distant and expensive second.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A tour through recent scientific analyses:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://pacinst.org/publication/the-impacts-of-sea-level-rise-on-the-california-coast/\">2009 report\u003c/a> on sea-level rise commissioned by the state paints worst-case scenarios that are the stuff of disaster movies: A half-million Californians at risk of flooding and more than $100 billion worth of infrastructure. More than two dozen coastal power plants flooded, along with hundreds of hazardous waste facilities, as well as schools, hospitals, police stations, ports and major airports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2012 \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacinst.org/app/uploads/2013/02/sea_level_rise_sf_bay_cec3.pdf\">report\u003c/a> prepared for the California Energy Commission focused just on the San Francisco Bay and its 1,000 miles of shoreline, concluding: “Rising sea levels will overwhelm the existing protection structures, putting the 140,000 people currently living in vulnerable areas at increased risk.” The authors cautioned their findings did not reflect worst-case scenarios. And, if no action is taken to address the vulnerabilities, the risk projections should be considered “substantially low.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Assembly weighed in with a \u003ca href=\"http://lafco.smcgov.org/sites/lafco.smcgov.org/files/documents/files/Select%20Committee%20Sea-Level%20Rise%20Report.pdf\">report\u003c/a> in 2014, and the next year the Senate chimed in with its own \u003ca href=\"http://senv.senate.ca.gov/sites/senv.senate.ca.gov/files/Climate%20Change%20Adaptation_California%20State%20Senate_2015.pdf\">review\u003c/a>, amping it up a bit: “With current projections, rising seas combined with a 100-year flood event would close over 2,000 miles of roadway, the Oakland and San Francisco airports, and the Port of Oakland.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sobering fact of those state-of-the-art reports, recent though they are, is that they are already out of date and not nearly comprehensive enough in describing the scope of what currently faces California. Nor remotely scary enough. What scientists are observing now is, they say, a rapid and steep change that, even as it unfolds over comparatively long periods of time, is nonetheless occurring at a breathtaking pace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428170\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-800x487.jpg\" alt=\"A melting glacier calving.\" width=\"800\" height=\"487\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11428170\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-800x487.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-160x97.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-1020x621.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-1180x718.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-960x584.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-240x146.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-375x228.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/GlacierCalving-520x316.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A melting glacier calving. \u003ccite>(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">S\u003c/span>ea-level rise is caused primarily by two factors related to global warming: the expansion of seawater as it heats up and the added water volume from melting ice. Researchers focused on glacial melt in Greenland and Antarctica see the process as an action-packed cataclysm marked by heaving ice shelves collapsing into the sea and sheets of decaying ice sloughing off the end of a continent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The power unleashed by that tide of ice is awesome to contemplate. Water has always been one of the most destructive and transformative forces in nature. With warmer waters creating more energy that incubates more powerful storms, some see a near future in which seas assault our coast more frequently and with greater force. Exhibit A: California’s past winter, when repeated storms lashed the state, resulting in a preliminary price tag of $569 million and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fema.gov/news-release/2017/02/14/president-trump-approves-major-disaster-declaration-california\">federal disaster declaration\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists warn that intensified\u003ca href=\"http://research.noaa.gov/News/NewsArchive/LatestNews/TabId/684/ArtMID/1768/ArticleID/11723/Leftover-warm-water-in-Pacific-Ocean-fueled-massive-El-Ni241o.aspx\"> El Nino \u003c/a>events, coupled with higher seas, will bring about unprecedented flooding. What civil engineers refer to as nuisance flooding — overwhelmed storm sewers and street flooding — is already more common. \u003ca href=\"http://california.kingtides.net/\">King Tides\u003c/a> are getting worse. Commuting times, the ability of first-responders to get to an accident scene, and the transportation of goods by road will be severely compromised, researchers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That risk, too, can be observed at its point of origin. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) maintains tide gauges that bob and float in U.S. waters, sentinels sending out a stream of data measuring current sea levels. The information feeds tidal forecasts used by surfers and mariners, and is also monitored by emergency services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends.html\">tide and currents map\u003c/a> is both colorful and alarming. The maps depict the North American continent ringed by arrows pointing straight up, denoting trending rising sea levels, like pickets defending the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out the coast is all-but defenseless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brett Sanders, a civil and environmental engineer at UC Irvine, is using a grant from the National Science Foundation to help inform communities along the California and northern Mexican coast about the risk of rising waters. Most people are thrilled that they’ve managed to fulfill a dream of living near the beach, Sanders said, and are unaware of what they should do to protect themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have done a bad job of mapping flood risk. It’s awful,” Sanders said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zillow, the website that calculates residential real estate values, recently took its maps of coastal property and overlaid NOAA’s sea-level projections. Using what are now thought to be conservative projections, the company estimated 2 million coastal homes in the United States would be underwater by the end of the century. Not as in being upside down on a mortgage, but as in fish swimming through the den. The total value of those homes? Nearly $1 trillion, in California, $49 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zillow’s chief economist, Svenja Gudell, said she was surprised that when the company shared its\u003ca href=\"https://www.zillow.com/research/climate-change-underwater-homes-12890/\"> information\u003c/a> with mayors or city planners, officials saw it as an event that would take place far in the future. “For some of these places the time horizon is not 100 years, it’s happening now,” she said. “It’s not as top of mind as it should be or you would like it to be. People are underinsured when it comes to flood insurance. The system is broken.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gudell said that her research showed that homeowners living in high-risk areas are not getting market cues —real estate values in beach areas destroyed by Hurricane Sandy are now higher than before the superstorm that played out on national television in the fall of 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were not able to explain that rationally,” Gudell said. “We will see in the future, if you are on a cliff and that cliff is further eroding and if you put a piece of property on that land, it won’t be safe anymore. For now, the benefit of living in these homes clearly outweighs the current and future cost of living there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11428176\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Apartment buildings hang perilously over an increasingly eroded bluff in Pacifica.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11428176\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-800x599.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-960x719.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/PacificaCoast-520x389.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Apartment buildings hang perilously over an increasingly eroded bluff in Pacifica. \u003ccite>(Eric Cheng/The Nature Conservancy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Which leaves us with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fema.gov/national-flood-insurance-program\">National Flood Insurance Program\u003c/a>, a troubled and debt-ridden program operated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. The flood insurance covers millions of Americans living in flood zones, based on maps that are decades out of date. The program is currently $24 billion in debt and requires reauthorization from Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics of the federal insurance say the rates don’t reflect current risks, leaving taxpayers on the hook for someone else’s folly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic state Sen. Henry Stern represents a coastal district that includes Malibu and a string of state beaches. A lifelong surfer, he understands the attraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s so alluring,” he said of living by the beach. “But my whole thing is to make the market tell the truth about it. We know where sea level rise is going to happen. What I don’t want to happen is for all of us to bear the bill afterwards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the horrific projections scientists have repeatedly shared about public health and safety associated with rising seas, it might be the economic cost that spurs action. A 2016 \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/nclimate2961.epdf?referrer_access_token=cgJFXWlBrOrbB2rhtzQ-w9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0NW5dzPCV1LQTM2JMQvXgeVn3tMRlxMKqplqdO2K8lMw-F6rujRXhG6lI8cdfGPsASvKqsv2kvbbX_NlaMAWQY4uy470S-qmZZAuPl9Bj3JzEiJ6pR7Mqt1NXJcMNys_U_M_ZuC\">paper\u003c/a> published in the journal Nature estimated the annual global cost for sea-level rise adaptation measures at about $421 billion per year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors of the study argue that the figure doesn’t take into account population growth and clustering around coasts. By the year 2100, the report warns, the price tag for mass relocations could exceed $14 trillion. Given California’s coastal population clusters — 75 percent of the state’s residents live in a coastal county — the figure here will be enormous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: 4.6875em;float: left;line-height: 0.733em;padding: 0.05em 0.1em 0 0;font-family: times, serif, georgia\">T\u003c/span>he Ocean Protection Council receiving the new science report is a state agency whose mission, as its name implies, is to look after the welfare of California’s piece of the Pacific Ocean. It’s an almost laughably large responsibility, and one that the members approach thoughtfully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report placed the scientific findings at the forefront, said Liz Whiteman, the science and strategy director for the Ocean Science Trust, which was a partner in the study. That means the analysis does not entertain the question of whether climate change is altering the behavior of the Pacific. Nor does it belabor stale arguments about how weather has always changed. It is, rather, an unsparing document that presents the best projections about the range of sea rise, and, for the first time, assigns a probability and risk to those numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is in a great place for being willing to call the hard question and not shying away,” Whiteman said. “There is no doubt that there is some scary information contained in a report looking at sea-level rise and our future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dan Cayan, one of seven scientists who contributed to the newest report, is a researcher at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, investigating how climate affects changes in oceans. Viewed from his office window in La Jolla, the Pacific Ocean appears benign and soothing. But a glimpse into the updated information he’s assembling paints a different, darker picture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca name=\"anchor\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New data and more sophisticated modeling, he said, coupled with more extreme climate warming, “Is going to be pushing the amount of sea-level rise above what was thought to be reasonable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"border:0px;scrolling:no;width:100%;height:530px\" src=\"https://ss2.climatecentral.org/widget.html?utm_source=David%20Marks%20KQED&utm_medium=embed&utm_campaign=SS2-Map#6/36.880/-119.443?show=satellite&projections=1-RCP85-SLR&level=10&unit=feet&pois=hide&contentTitle=Check%20sea%20level%20rise%20near%20your%20neighborhood\" width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comparing previous projections to current ones, he said, is no longer useful. “We’re actually off this scale,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cayan pulls out the 2012 report from the National Research Council, which is the basis for California’s current sea-level rise assumptions and the predicate for the state’s coastal policies. The mid-range of its projections envisions about 3 feet of rise by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then he carefully takes out a sheet with the new data. Cayan points at the the elaborate graphs to the updated mid-range projection— 8½ feet. Cayan and his colleagues shrug off questions about how to apply their science—that’s the job of the politicians. But the report does counsel state officials to consider the worst-case scenario in their deliberations, and cautions: “Waiting for scientific certainty is neither a safe nor prudent option.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what now? California planners and policymakers will pore over the latest report. Their deliberations will result, at some point, in “updated guidance” to use the parlance of the bureaucracy. The final document will help local officials incorporate the sea-level rise projections into their future plans for building and safety, in some cases altering zoning and building codes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Greenland’s summer ice melt season begins, and the 2-mile deep ice sheet that was created in the last Ice Age continues to shrink. Researchers drilling ice cores have been astounded to find more and more streams of water rushing below the sheet—a river of water scything through ice. The proliferation of these ‘melt streams’ is leading scientists to consider that the loss of Greenland’s ice may be set on an unstoppable trajectory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No longer a matter of if, but only of when.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This is the first in a series: Next up — how is California planning for the seemingly inevitable. CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Report: We Can't Stop Sea Level Rise, Only Slow it Down",
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"content": "\u003cp>The sea is rising twice as fast as it did in 1990, and there’s no turning back — humans can only try to slow it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\">a new report\u003c/a> from a team of scientists working for the California Ocean Science Trust on behalf of Gov. Jerry Brown. They found the quickening of sea level rise is driven primarily by melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, caused by rising global temperatures fueled by emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sea is rising 1.3 inches per decade, and the impact is already being felt in parts of coastal Southern California, where \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/27/study-predicts-significant-southern-california-beach-erosion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extensive beach erosion is occurring\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During last winter’s El Niño, waves were 50 percent larger than in the previous El Niño cycle, and beach erosion was 76 percent higher than normal, according to\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-el-nino-california-20170214-story.html\"> a recent study\u003c/a> by the U.S. Geological Survey in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”zRevpvHXwpaLTHar7YdMyBR93MhJaIcO”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are few natural wetlands or dunes to protect the coastline from the rising waves, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California coast is pretty unprotected,” said Helen Fricker, a glaciologist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography who co-authored the study. “There’s not really anywhere for the water to go except onto the land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In oceanfront cities like Newport Beach, big waves that occur during high tides \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/p7abSExQ-10?t=97\">regularly cause coastal flooding\u003c/a>. Now that city is raising the height of its seawalls by 6 inches, with the option to add on later if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I liken it to Legos,” said Newport Beach City Manager David Kiff. “You snap one on, and then you snap something on, on top of that, when and if you need to do so.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/p7abSExQ-10?t=97\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much Newport Beach will have to extend its walls is uncertain, and completely depends on global efforts to curb greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If nothing is done and we continue emitting greenhouse gases at the rate we are now, sea levels are likely to rise in Southern California by up to 3.6 feet by 2100, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if we dramatically cut our greenhouse gas emissions and keep global temperatures from rising more than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels (the goal of the 2015 Paris Agreement), sea levels will still rise, although not as much: up to 2.5 feet by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The California coast is pretty unprotected.’\u003ccite>Helen Fricker, glaciologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s uncertain whether people and governments around the world can cut enough greenhouse gases to avoid the worst-case scenario. In March, President Donald Trump announced efforts to undo President Obama’s Clean Power Plan, which would have required nearly all states to devise plans to cut carbon emissions from power plants. The plan was intended to play a major role in U.S. efforts to meet its goal under the Paris climate accord of cutting emissions by 2025 by roughly a quarter of what they were in 2005.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because people have so much influence over the outcome, and because scientists aren’t sure how ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland will respond to warming temperatures, it’s still unclear exactly how much the sea will rise. But one thing is clear: We can’t stop the sea from rising anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Antarctica and Greenland are not going to stop losing mass,” Fricker said. “It’s not like we’re suddenly going to see a downturn in sea level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the report’s authors recommend coastal communities take action now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Waiting for scientific certainty is neither a safe nor prudent option,” they write.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "Report: We Can't Stop Sea Level Rise, Only Slow it Down | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The sea is rising twice as fast as it did in 1990, and there’s no turning back — humans can only try to slow it down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.opc.ca.gov/webmaster/ftp/pdf/docs/rising-seas-in-california-an-update-on-sea-level-rise-science.pdf\">a new report\u003c/a> from a team of scientists working for the California Ocean Science Trust on behalf of Gov. Jerry Brown. They found the quickening of sea level rise is driven primarily by melting ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica, caused by rising global temperatures fueled by emissions of heat-trapping greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sea is rising 1.3 inches per decade, and the impact is already being felt in parts of coastal Southern California, where \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/27/study-predicts-significant-southern-california-beach-erosion/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">extensive beach erosion is occurring\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During last winter’s El Niño, waves were 50 percent larger than in the previous El Niño cycle, and beach erosion was 76 percent higher than normal, according to\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-el-nino-california-20170214-story.html\"> a recent study\u003c/a> by the U.S. Geological Survey in Santa Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are few natural wetlands or dunes to protect the coastline from the rising waves, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The California coast is pretty unprotected,” said Helen Fricker, a glaciologist at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography who co-authored the study. “There’s not really anywhere for the water to go except onto the land.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In oceanfront cities like Newport Beach, big waves that occur during high tides \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/p7abSExQ-10?t=97\">regularly cause coastal flooding\u003c/a>. Now that city is raising the height of its seawalls by 6 inches, with the option to add on later if necessary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I liken it to Legos,” said Newport Beach City Manager David Kiff. “You snap one on, and then you snap something on, on top of that, when and if you need to do so.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/p7abSExQ-10'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/p7abSExQ-10'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>How much Newport Beach will have to extend its walls is uncertain, and completely depends on global efforts to curb greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If nothing is done and we continue emitting greenhouse gases at the rate we are now, sea levels are likely to rise in Southern California by up to 3.6 feet by 2100, according to the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if we dramatically cut our greenhouse gas emissions and keep global temperatures from rising more than 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels (the goal of the 2015 Paris Agreement), sea levels will still rise, although not as much: up to 2.5 feet by 2100.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The California coast is pretty unprotected.’\u003ccite>Helen Fricker, glaciologist\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>It’s uncertain whether people and governments around the world can cut enough greenhouse gases to avoid the worst-case scenario. In March, President Donald Trump announced efforts to undo President Obama’s Clean Power Plan, which would have required nearly all states to devise plans to cut carbon emissions from power plants. The plan was intended to play a major role in U.S. efforts to meet its goal under the Paris climate accord of cutting emissions by 2025 by roughly a quarter of what they were in 2005.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because people have so much influence over the outcome, and because scientists aren’t sure how ice sheets in Antarctica and Greenland will respond to warming temperatures, it’s still unclear exactly how much the sea will rise. But one thing is clear: We can’t stop the sea from rising anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Antarctica and Greenland are not going to stop losing mass,” Fricker said. “It’s not like we’re suddenly going to see a downturn in sea level.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why the report’s authors recommend coastal communities take action now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Waiting for scientific certainty is neither a safe nor prudent option,” they write.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/03/28/president-trump-orders-rollback-of-climate-change-policies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a sweeping executive order\u003c/a> on Tuesday that will begin to undo a slew of government efforts to fight global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those worrying and watching to see how the executive order plays out\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>are scientists who actually are in favor of exploring bold interventions to artificially cool the climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a year ago, some hoped that the U. S. government would start funding such research and take a leadership role. Back then, advocates for the work saw public funding as ideal, because it would foster transparency, accountability and public trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now that the Trump administration is in charge, those folks have changed their views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, if officials offered money for a big research program on climate engineering, “I would say, ‘No, thank you,’ ” \u003ca href=\"https://law.ucla.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/edward-a-parson/\">Ted Parson\u003c/a>, who specializes in environmental law at UCLA, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/521780927/521884381\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deliberate climate engineering has long had a reputation for being controversial and somewhat wacky — possibly even dangerous. But as our climate heats up, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=127245606\">some\u003c/a> have called it a bad idea whose time has come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals include spraying particles into the stratosphere to reflect incoming sunlight and cool the entire planet. Serious research groups want to conduct small, low-risk studies to see what might be possible, and to probe the particles’ microphysics and chemistry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of approach is starting to seem downright respectable — even the prestigious National Academy of Sciences recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/02/10/385065816/scientific-pros-weigh-the-cons-of-messing-with-earths-thermostat\">called\u003c/a> for more research on climate geoengineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The research that is being proposed is tiny and completely innocuous,” Parson said. “One of the groups that’s interested in doing this wants to spray sea salt up into the air to see what happens to the transmission of sunlight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many environmentalists are suspicious of efforts to tinker with the climate. What’s more, they think just talking about the possibility of cooling the planet will threaten the global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”WzKnhbQXEP4Hscsriw9q61wQesQMx1Zq”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the last thing Parson would want is for this research to be associated with the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To the extent you’re in a political setting where misinformation about climate change is being spread, efforts to cut emissions are being undermined or threatened,” Parson told NPR, “then that suggests the possibility that the risks of pursuing research of this kind might actually outweigh the benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the Trump administration advocating cuts for climate science, it’s unlikely they’ll face a decision of whether to turn down funding. In fact, many who think it’s important to start studying ways to engineer the climate are now turning to private groups and philanthropists, which are increasingly serious about supporting such research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a hundred people \u003ca href=\"http://geoengineering.environment.harvard.edu/Forum-US-Solar-Geoengineering-Research-DC-March-2017\">gathered\u003c/a> at a science and policy forum in Washington, D.C., a few days ago to talk about how climate engineering research could go forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the elephant in the room was the recent change in the U.S. government’s policy toward climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just don’t think that right now the U. S. should be federally funding this,” \u003ca href=\"https://devsoc.cals.cornell.edu/people/holly-jean-buck\">Holly Buck\u003c/a>, a researcher at Cornell University, told the group. “I don’t think we can legitimately put federal money into this right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some would prefer that no research be done at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”uGt6npZEXnocvpQEBXcT6Y1mKgqmOa3y”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that resources for research are finite, the question is to where we as a society should allocate these funds, and hence where societal attention should be directed,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.sussex.ac.uk/profiles/312334\">Rose Cairns\u003c/a> of the University of Sussex. “The very existence of significant research programs, whatever their impact on the physical environment, will fundamentally alter in unpredictable ways the social and political context in which climate governance of the future will be conducted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to potential problems that might occur if anyone ever wanted to try this on a large-scale: How could all the nations of the world ever agree on the “right” temperature for the planet? And if climate engineering ever got started, couldn’t it be blamed for bad weather — and perhaps even start an international conflict, if one country took unilateral climate action?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others conceded that there are thorny issues, but that this option can’t just be ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s with great reluctance that a lot of us are here,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.clcouncil.org/ted-halstead/\">Ted Halstead\u003c/a>, from a think tank called the Climate Leadership Council. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/03/28/president-trump-orders-rollback-of-climate-change-policies/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a sweeping executive order\u003c/a> on Tuesday that will begin to undo a slew of government efforts to fight global warming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those worrying and watching to see how the executive order plays out\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>are scientists who actually are in favor of exploring bold interventions to artificially cool the climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a year ago, some hoped that the U. S. government would start funding such research and take a leadership role. Back then, advocates for the work saw public funding as ideal, because it would foster transparency, accountability and public trust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But now that the Trump administration is in charge, those folks have changed their views.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, if officials offered money for a big research program on climate engineering, “I would say, ‘No, thank you,’ ” \u003ca href=\"https://law.ucla.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/edward-a-parson/\">Ted Parson\u003c/a>, who specializes in environmental law at UCLA, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/521780927/521884381\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deliberate climate engineering has long had a reputation for being controversial and somewhat wacky — possibly even dangerous. But as our climate heats up, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=127245606\">some\u003c/a> have called it a bad idea whose time has come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposals include spraying particles into the stratosphere to reflect incoming sunlight and cool the entire planet. Serious research groups want to conduct small, low-risk studies to see what might be possible, and to probe the particles’ microphysics and chemistry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of approach is starting to seem downright respectable — even the prestigious National Academy of Sciences recently \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/02/10/385065816/scientific-pros-weigh-the-cons-of-messing-with-earths-thermostat\">called\u003c/a> for more research on climate geoengineering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The research that is being proposed is tiny and completely innocuous,” Parson said. “One of the groups that’s interested in doing this wants to spray sea salt up into the air to see what happens to the transmission of sunlight.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But many environmentalists are suspicious of efforts to tinker with the climate. What’s more, they think just talking about the possibility of cooling the planet will threaten the global effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the last thing Parson would want is for this research to be associated with the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To the extent you’re in a political setting where misinformation about climate change is being spread, efforts to cut emissions are being undermined or threatened,” Parson told NPR, “then that suggests the possibility that the risks of pursuing research of this kind might actually outweigh the benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the Trump administration advocating cuts for climate science, it’s unlikely they’ll face a decision of whether to turn down funding. In fact, many who think it’s important to start studying ways to engineer the climate are now turning to private groups and philanthropists, which are increasingly serious about supporting such research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than a hundred people \u003ca href=\"http://geoengineering.environment.harvard.edu/Forum-US-Solar-Geoengineering-Research-DC-March-2017\">gathered\u003c/a> at a science and policy forum in Washington, D.C., a few days ago to talk about how climate engineering research could go forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the elephant in the room was the recent change in the U.S. government’s policy toward climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just don’t think that right now the U. S. should be federally funding this,” \u003ca href=\"https://devsoc.cals.cornell.edu/people/holly-jean-buck\">Holly Buck\u003c/a>, a researcher at Cornell University, told the group. “I don’t think we can legitimately put federal money into this right now.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some would prefer that no research be done at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Given that resources for research are finite, the question is to where we as a society should allocate these funds, and hence where societal attention should be directed,” said \u003ca href=\"http://www.sussex.ac.uk/profiles/312334\">Rose Cairns\u003c/a> of the University of Sussex. “The very existence of significant research programs, whatever their impact on the physical environment, will fundamentally alter in unpredictable ways the social and political context in which climate governance of the future will be conducted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed to potential problems that might occur if anyone ever wanted to try this on a large-scale: How could all the nations of the world ever agree on the “right” temperature for the planet? And if climate engineering ever got started, couldn’t it be blamed for bad weather — and perhaps even start an international conflict, if one country took unilateral climate action?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others conceded that there are thorny issues, but that this option can’t just be ignored.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s with great reluctance that a lot of us are here,” said \u003ca href=\"https://www.clcouncil.org/ted-halstead/\">Ted Halstead\u003c/a>, from a think tank called the Climate Leadership Council. He argued that climate engineering has to be on the table because “we live in a world where we’re heading towards 4 degrees of warming.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.seas.harvard.edu/directory/dkeith\">David Keith\u003c/a>, a climate scientist at Harvard University who is planning to use a balloon to test putting particles in the stratosphere as early as next year, is well aware of the need to reassure the public about his small experiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are horrified by the idea that there might be some huge backlash,” Keith said, “and so the questions of how to avoid that are top of our minds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He used to want public funding, he said, partly to inspire trust. But, for now, he’s happy to stick to private sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am more comfortable,” Keith said, “taking money from clearly environmentally aligned philanthropies or philanthropists than I am taking money from the administration.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Scientists+Who+Want+To+Study+Climate+Engineering+Shun+Trump&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "President Trump Orders Rollback of Climate Change Policies",
"headTitle": "President Trump Orders Rollback of Climate Change Policies | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Declaring “the start of a new era” in energy production, President Donald Trump signed an executive order Tuesday that he said would revive the coal industry and create jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move makes good on his campaign pledge to unravel former President Barack Obama’s plan to curb global warming. The order seeks to suspend, rescind or flag for review more than a half-dozen measures in an effort to boost domestic energy production in the form of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Climate change is real and will not be wished away by rhetoric or denial.’\u003ccite>Gov. Jerry Brown, California,\u003cbr>\nGov. Andrew Cuomo, New York\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Democratic Govs. Jerry Brown of California and Andrew Cuomo of New York issued a joint statement Tuesday saying they’re still committed to their own emissions targets. The two states have set aggressive goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. Their targets are stricter than the Obama power plant rule Trump seeks to eliminate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change is real and will not be wished away by rhetoric or denial,” the two governors said in the statement. “Dismantling the Clean Power Plan and other critical climate programs is profoundly misguided and shockingly ignores basic science. With this move, the Administration will endanger public health, our environment and our economic prosperity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has repeatedly criticized the power plant rule and others as an attack on American workers and the struggling coal industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental activists, including former Vice President Al Gore, denounced the plan. But Trump said the effort would allow workers to “succeed on a level playing field for the first time in a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is what this is all about: bringing back our jobs, bringing back our dreams and making America wealthy again,” Trump said, during a ceremony at the Environmental Protection Agency headquarters, attended by a number of coal miners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”3r1z4IlFYFzVnboUqLggbsORLXX6KaCE”]The order initiates a review of the Clean Power Plan, which restricts greenhouse gas emissions at coal-fired power plants. The regulation, which was the former president’s signature effort to curb carbon emissions, has been the subject of long-running legal challenges by Republican-led states and those who profit from burning oil, coal and gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as Obama’s climate efforts were often stymied by legal challenges, environmental groups are promising to fight Trump’s pro-fossil fuel agenda in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has called global warming a “hoax” invented by the Chinese, and has repeatedly criticized the power-plant rule as an attack on American workers and the struggling U.S. coal industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to pulling back from the Clean Power Plan, the administration will also lift a 14-month-old moratorium on new coal leases on federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration had imposed a three-year moratorium on new federal coal leases in January 2016, arguing that the $1 billion-a-year program must be modernized to ensure a fair financial return to taxpayers and address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump accused his predecessor of waging a “war on coal” and boasted in a speech to Congress that he has made “a historic effort to massively reduce job-crushing regulations,” including some that threaten “the future and livelihoods of our great coal miners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order will also chip away at other regulations, including scrapping language on the “social cost” of greenhouse gases. It will initiate a review of efforts to reduce the emission of methane in oil and natural gas production as well as a Bureau of Land Management hydraulic fracturing rule, to determine whether those reflect the president’s policy priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘These executive actions are a welcome departure from the previous administration’s strategy of making energy more expensive through costly, job-killing regulations that choked our economy.’\u003ccite>Thomas J. Donohue,\u003cbr>U.S. Chamber of Commerce\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> It will also rescind Obama-era executive orders and memoranda, including one that addressed climate change and national security and one that sought to prepare the country for the impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration is still in discussion about whether it intends to withdraw from the Paris Agreement on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s order could make it more difficult, though not impossible, for the U.S. to achieve its carbon reduction goals. The president’s promises to boost coal jobs run counter to market forces, such as U.S. utilities converting coal-fired power plants to cheaper, cleaner-burning natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s Environmental Protection Agency chief, Scott Pruitt, alarmed environmental groups and scientists earlier this month when he said he does not believe carbon dioxide is a primary contributor to global warming. The statement is at odds with mainstream scientific consensus and Pruitt’s own agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwhelming majority of peer-reviewed studies and climate scientists agree the planet is warming, mostly due to man-made sources, including carbon dioxide, methane, halocarbons and nitrogen oxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents say Obama’s effort would have killed coal-mining jobs and driven up electricity costs. The Obama administration, some Democratic-led states and environmental groups counter that it would spur thousands of clean-energy jobs and help the U.S. meet ambitious goals to reduce carbon pollution set by the international agreement signed in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s order on coal-fired power plants follows an executive order he signed last month mandating a review of an Obama-era rule aimed at protecting small streams and wetlands from development and pollution. The order instructs the EPA and Army Corps of Engineers to review a rule that redefined “waters of the United States” protected under the Clean Water Act to include smaller creeks and wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Republicans have blamed Obama-era environmental regulations for the loss of coal jobs, federal data shows that U.S. mines have been shedding jobs for decades under presidents from both parties as a result of increasing automation and competition from natural gas, which has become more abundant through hydraulic fracturing. Another factor is the plummeting cost of solar panels and wind turbines, which now can produce emissions-free electricity cheaper than burning coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to an Energy Department analysis released in January, coal mining now accounts for fewer than 75,000 U.S. jobs. By contrast, renewable energy — including wind, solar and biofuels — now accounts for more than 650,000 U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s plans drew praise from business groups and condemnation from environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Chamber of Commerce President Thomas J. Donohue praised the president for taking “bold steps to make regulatory relief and energy security a top priority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These executive actions are a welcome departure from the previous administration’s strategy of making energy more expensive through costly, job-killing regulations that choked our economy,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Vice President Al Gore blasted the order as “a misguided step away from a sustainable, carbon-free future for ourselves and generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is essential, not only to our planet, but also to our economic future, that the United States continues to serve as a global leader in solving the climate crisis by transitioning to clean energy, a transition that will continue to gain speed due to the increasing competiveness of solar and wind,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writer Michael Biesecker contributed to this report. Follow Daly and Colvin on Twitter at https://twitter.com/MatthewDalyWDC and https://twitter.com/colvinj\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Governor Jerry Brown called the Trump Administration move 'profoundly misguided' and pledged to continue California's commitments to cut emissions.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Declaring “the start of a new era” in energy production, President Donald Trump signed an executive order Tuesday that he said would revive the coal industry and create jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move makes good on his campaign pledge to unravel former President Barack Obama’s plan to curb global warming. The order seeks to suspend, rescind or flag for review more than a half-dozen measures in an effort to boost domestic energy production in the form of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Climate change is real and will not be wished away by rhetoric or denial.’\u003ccite>Gov. Jerry Brown, California,\u003cbr>\nGov. Andrew Cuomo, New York\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Democratic Govs. Jerry Brown of California and Andrew Cuomo of New York issued a joint statement Tuesday saying they’re still committed to their own emissions targets. The two states have set aggressive goals to reduce greenhouse gas emissions 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050. Their targets are stricter than the Obama power plant rule Trump seeks to eliminate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate change is real and will not be wished away by rhetoric or denial,” the two governors said in the statement. “Dismantling the Clean Power Plan and other critical climate programs is profoundly misguided and shockingly ignores basic science. With this move, the Administration will endanger public health, our environment and our economic prosperity.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has repeatedly criticized the power plant rule and others as an attack on American workers and the struggling coal industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental activists, including former Vice President Al Gore, denounced the plan. But Trump said the effort would allow workers to “succeed on a level playing field for the first time in a long time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is what this is all about: bringing back our jobs, bringing back our dreams and making America wealthy again,” Trump said, during a ceremony at the Environmental Protection Agency headquarters, attended by a number of coal miners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The order initiates a review of the Clean Power Plan, which restricts greenhouse gas emissions at coal-fired power plants. The regulation, which was the former president’s signature effort to curb carbon emissions, has been the subject of long-running legal challenges by Republican-led states and those who profit from burning oil, coal and gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But just as Obama’s climate efforts were often stymied by legal challenges, environmental groups are promising to fight Trump’s pro-fossil fuel agenda in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has called global warming a “hoax” invented by the Chinese, and has repeatedly criticized the power-plant rule as an attack on American workers and the struggling U.S. coal industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to pulling back from the Clean Power Plan, the administration will also lift a 14-month-old moratorium on new coal leases on federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration had imposed a three-year moratorium on new federal coal leases in January 2016, arguing that the $1 billion-a-year program must be modernized to ensure a fair financial return to taxpayers and address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump accused his predecessor of waging a “war on coal” and boasted in a speech to Congress that he has made “a historic effort to massively reduce job-crushing regulations,” including some that threaten “the future and livelihoods of our great coal miners.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order will also chip away at other regulations, including scrapping language on the “social cost” of greenhouse gases. It will initiate a review of efforts to reduce the emission of methane in oil and natural gas production as well as a Bureau of Land Management hydraulic fracturing rule, to determine whether those reflect the president’s policy priorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘These executive actions are a welcome departure from the previous administration’s strategy of making energy more expensive through costly, job-killing regulations that choked our economy.’\u003ccite>Thomas J. Donohue,\u003cbr>U.S. Chamber of Commerce\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp> It will also rescind Obama-era executive orders and memoranda, including one that addressed climate change and national security and one that sought to prepare the country for the impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The administration is still in discussion about whether it intends to withdraw from the Paris Agreement on climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s order could make it more difficult, though not impossible, for the U.S. to achieve its carbon reduction goals. The president’s promises to boost coal jobs run counter to market forces, such as U.S. utilities converting coal-fired power plants to cheaper, cleaner-burning natural gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s Environmental Protection Agency chief, Scott Pruitt, alarmed environmental groups and scientists earlier this month when he said he does not believe carbon dioxide is a primary contributor to global warming. The statement is at odds with mainstream scientific consensus and Pruitt’s own agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The overwhelming majority of peer-reviewed studies and climate scientists agree the planet is warming, mostly due to man-made sources, including carbon dioxide, methane, halocarbons and nitrogen oxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opponents say Obama’s effort would have killed coal-mining jobs and driven up electricity costs. The Obama administration, some Democratic-led states and environmental groups counter that it would spur thousands of clean-energy jobs and help the U.S. meet ambitious goals to reduce carbon pollution set by the international agreement signed in Paris.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s order on coal-fired power plants follows an executive order he signed last month mandating a review of an Obama-era rule aimed at protecting small streams and wetlands from development and pollution. The order instructs the EPA and Army Corps of Engineers to review a rule that redefined “waters of the United States” protected under the Clean Water Act to include smaller creeks and wetlands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Republicans have blamed Obama-era environmental regulations for the loss of coal jobs, federal data shows that U.S. mines have been shedding jobs for decades under presidents from both parties as a result of increasing automation and competition from natural gas, which has become more abundant through hydraulic fracturing. Another factor is the plummeting cost of solar panels and wind turbines, which now can produce emissions-free electricity cheaper than burning coal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to an Energy Department analysis released in January, coal mining now accounts for fewer than 75,000 U.S. jobs. By contrast, renewable energy — including wind, solar and biofuels — now accounts for more than 650,000 U.S. jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration’s plans drew praise from business groups and condemnation from environmental groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Chamber of Commerce President Thomas J. Donohue praised the president for taking “bold steps to make regulatory relief and energy security a top priority.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These executive actions are a welcome departure from the previous administration’s strategy of making energy more expensive through costly, job-killing regulations that choked our economy,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Vice President Al Gore blasted the order as “a misguided step away from a sustainable, carbon-free future for ourselves and generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is essential, not only to our planet, but also to our economic future, that the United States continues to serve as a global leader in solving the climate crisis by transitioning to clean energy, a transition that will continue to gain speed due to the increasing competiveness of solar and wind,” he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Associated Press writer Michael Biesecker contributed to this report. Follow Daly and Colvin on Twitter at https://twitter.com/MatthewDalyWDC and https://twitter.com/colvinj\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Trump will sign sweeping executive orders Tuesday that take aim at a number of his predecessor’s climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wide-ranging orders and accompanying memorandums will seek to undo the centerpiece of former President Obama’s environmental legacy and national efforts to address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could also jeopardize America’s current role in international efforts to confront climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior White House official says the goal is to make the U.S. energy-independent and to get the Environmental Protection Agency back to its core mission of maintaining clean air and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a symbolic gesture, the president is expected to sign the documents at EPA headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Trump’s Regulatory Targets\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The major regulation targeted by the executive order will be the Clean Power Plan, Obama’s signature climate measure that restricts greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump will order a review of that and a number of other climate efforts, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>a federal moratorium on coal leasing\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>a measure that requires federal agencies to consider climate change during their rule-making process\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>the “social cost of carbon,” which puts a dollar figure on carbon pollution\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“In taking a sledgehammer to U.S. climate action, the administration will push the country backward, making it harder and more expensive to reduce emissions,” said Andrew Steer, president and CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wri.org//\">World Resources Institute\u003c/a>, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate science is clear and unwavering: mounting greenhouse gas emissions are warming our planet, putting people and business in harm’s way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some energy companies are celebrating the anticipated move. Trump is expected to be accompanied by energy executives when he signs the order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, \u003ca href=\"http://www.api.org/\">American Petroleum Institute\u003c/a> president and CEO Jack Gerard said, “We look forward to working with the Trump administration and Congress on forward-looking energy policies that will help ensure the United States continues leading the world in the production and refining of oil and natural gas, and in the reduction of carbon emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current head of the EPA, former Oklahoma Attorney General Scott Pruitt, is a longtime critic of environmental regulation. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/09/519499975/epa-head-scott-pruitt-doubts-basic-consensus-on-climate-change\">Earlier this month\u003c/a> Pruitt said carbon dioxide is not a primary contributor to climate change, rejecting established science. Before becoming EPA administrator, Pruitt joined dozens of other state attorneys general who sued the agency to halt the Clean Power Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of the policies that Trump is targeting will be easy to overturn, the Clean Power Plan could prove more complicated. Environmental law experts say it could take the administration years to fully undo it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s more on that policy and some of the others that Trump is expected to address later today:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Clean Power Plan\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Clean Power Plan is a set of national standards that are designed to slow human-caused climate change by limiting carbon pollution from power plants. The power sector accounts for \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=77&t=11\">almost 40 percent\u003c/a> of the country’s carbon dioxide emissions. The Clean Power Plan would cut those emissions and carbon pollution 32 percent below 2005 levels by the year 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he introduced it \u003ca href=\"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/08/03/remarks-president-announcing-clean-power-plan\">in 2015\u003c/a>, Obama called the Clean Power Plan “the single most important step America has ever taken in the fight against climate change.” It’s the centerpiece of the U.S. commitment to the Paris climate agreement. Donald Trump and Republicans though, have called the plan a “job-killer” and have pledged to kill it instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senior White House official said today’s executive orders do not address the Paris climate deal. “Whether we stay in or out is still under discussion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s executive orders kick off a rule-making process with the goal of ending the Clean Power Plan. But they won’t end the policy outright, nor do they say how his administration will get rid of it, and the devil may be in the details. Any effort to repeal the rule could prove lengthy, difficult and fraught with litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you have something like the Clean Power Plan — a final rule-making — then that can’t be withdrawn using any process other than the one that was used to create it,” says Nathan Richardson, a visiting fellow at \u003ca href=\"http://www.rff.org/\">Resources for the Future\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means notices, public comment and a rule-making procedure that could take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has time. Currently, the Clean Power Plan is held up in federal court after lawsuits from industry groups and states challenged its legality. A ruling could be months away and any decision — for or against the plan — will likely be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress could also step in and amend the Clean Air Act to say the EPA shouldn’t regulate greenhouse gases, nullifying the Clean Power Plan, but that could prove politically challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Moratorium on Federal Coal Leases\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration placed a moratorium on new coal leases on federal lands \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/15/463164790/u-s-moratorium-on-new-coal-leases-to-be-announced-friday\">in January 2016\u003c/a>, citing concerns over pricing and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the estimated three-year hold on leasing, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/secretary-jewell-launches-comprehensive-review-federal-coal-program\">Department of the Interior said\u003c/a> it was going to review the country’s coal-leasing program to make sure it was providing “a fair return to taxpayers and reflect its impacts on the environment, while continuing to help meet our energy needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal lands account for roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/15/463164790/u-s-moratorium-on-new-coal-leases-to-be-announced-friday\">40 percent of all\u003c/a> U.S. coal production. Hundreds of millions of tons of coal are mined on federal lands every year, generating nearly $1.3 billion for the government in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups say that money doesn’t offset the societal costs of pollution from coal mining and consumption. Burning coal is a leading cause of carbon dioxide emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s order to lift the moratorium should take immediate effect, allowing the Bureau of Land Management to issue new coal leases on federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not at all clear there will be any immediate rush for new leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coal production fell in 2016,” says Robert Godby, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uwyo.edu/cee/\">Center for Energy Economics and Public Policy\u003c/a> at the University of Wyoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it’s fallen for several years as utilities have switched to cheaper natural gas. That means existing coal reserves have grown bigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The coal market is so weak,” Godby says, “and some companies are coming out of bankruptcy.” He says they simply don’t have the cash to make the enormous investment required to lease federal land for future coal production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Godby says the decline in coal leasing — and the loss of hundreds of millions of dollars a year in royalties — has been painful for Wyoming. The state had been using the money to build new schools, but is now facing a large budget deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Social Cost of Carbon\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The “social cost of carbon” is another Obama-era policy that directed government agencies to factor in the effects of climate change on their rule-making. It essentially put a \u003ca href=\"http://blog.ucsusa.org/rachel-cleetus/the-social-cost-of-carbon-underscores-an-obvious-fact-climate-change-is-costly\">price tag on carbon emissions\u003c/a> and told agencies to factor that price tag in when making a regulation. The current cost is \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/climatechange/social-cost-carbon\">$36 per metric ton\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is expected to try to neuter the policy by directing the EPA to lower that cost to the point where it won’t have much weight in policy-making. An all-out elimination of the cost would likely have left the administration with weaker \u003ca href=\"http://media.ca7.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/rssExec.pl?Submit=Display&Path=Y2016/D08-08/C:14-2159:J:Ripple:aut:T:fnOp:N:1807496:S:0\">legal standing\u003c/a> should it be challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is aiming to cut federal climate change efforts across government. Trump’s budget \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/16/520399205/trumps-budget-slashes-climate-change-funding\">called for steep cuts\u003c/a> to climate change research, domestic programs to combat climate change and funding for international climate efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mick Mulvaney, director of the Office of Management and Budget, has told reporters that federal funding to fight climate change is “a waste of your money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Takes+Aim+At+A+Centerpiece+Of+Obama%27s+Environmental+Legacy&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The Trump administration aims to roll back the Clean Power Plan, which limits emissions from power plants, lift the moratorium on federal coal leases and change the \"social cost of carbon\" policy.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump will sign sweeping executive orders Tuesday that take aim at a number of his predecessor’s climate policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wide-ranging orders and accompanying memorandums will seek to undo the centerpiece of former President Obama’s environmental legacy and national efforts to address climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It could also jeopardize America’s current role in international efforts to confront climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior White House official says the goal is to make the U.S. energy-independent and to get the Environmental Protection Agency back to its core mission of maintaining clean air and water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a symbolic gesture, the president is expected to sign the documents at EPA headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Trump’s Regulatory Targets\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The major regulation targeted by the executive order will be the Clean Power Plan, Obama’s signature climate measure that restricts greenhouse gas emissions from coal-fired power plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump will order a review of that and a number of other climate efforts, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>a federal moratorium on coal leasing\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>a measure that requires federal agencies to consider climate change during their rule-making process\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>the “social cost of carbon,” which puts a dollar figure on carbon pollution\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“In taking a sledgehammer to U.S. climate action, the administration will push the country backward, making it harder and more expensive to reduce emissions,” said Andrew Steer, president and CEO of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.wri.org//\">World Resources Institute\u003c/a>, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Climate science is clear and unwavering: mounting greenhouse gas emissions are warming our planet, putting people and business in harm’s way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some energy companies are celebrating the anticipated move. Trump is expected to be accompanied by energy executives when he signs the order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a written statement, \u003ca href=\"http://www.api.org/\">American Petroleum Institute\u003c/a> president and CEO Jack Gerard said, “We look forward to working with the Trump administration and Congress on forward-looking energy policies that will help ensure the United States continues leading the world in the production and refining of oil and natural gas, and in the reduction of carbon emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current head of the EPA, former Oklahoma Attorney General Scott Pruitt, is a longtime critic of environmental regulation. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/09/519499975/epa-head-scott-pruitt-doubts-basic-consensus-on-climate-change\">Earlier this month\u003c/a> Pruitt said carbon dioxide is not a primary contributor to climate change, rejecting established science. Before becoming EPA administrator, Pruitt joined dozens of other state attorneys general who sued the agency to halt the Clean Power Plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While some of the policies that Trump is targeting will be easy to overturn, the Clean Power Plan could prove more complicated. Environmental law experts say it could take the administration years to fully undo it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s more on that policy and some of the others that Trump is expected to address later today:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Clean Power Plan\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Clean Power Plan is a set of national standards that are designed to slow human-caused climate change by limiting carbon pollution from power plants. The power sector accounts for \u003ca href=\"http://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.cfm?id=77&t=11\">almost 40 percent\u003c/a> of the country’s carbon dioxide emissions. The Clean Power Plan would cut those emissions and carbon pollution 32 percent below 2005 levels by the year 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he introduced it \u003ca href=\"https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/08/03/remarks-president-announcing-clean-power-plan\">in 2015\u003c/a>, Obama called the Clean Power Plan “the single most important step America has ever taken in the fight against climate change.” It’s the centerpiece of the U.S. commitment to the Paris climate agreement. Donald Trump and Republicans though, have called the plan a “job-killer” and have pledged to kill it instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senior White House official said today’s executive orders do not address the Paris climate deal. “Whether we stay in or out is still under discussion.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s executive orders kick off a rule-making process with the goal of ending the Clean Power Plan. But they won’t end the policy outright, nor do they say how his administration will get rid of it, and the devil may be in the details. Any effort to repeal the rule could prove lengthy, difficult and fraught with litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you have something like the Clean Power Plan — a final rule-making — then that can’t be withdrawn using any process other than the one that was used to create it,” says Nathan Richardson, a visiting fellow at \u003ca href=\"http://www.rff.org/\">Resources for the Future\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means notices, public comment and a rule-making procedure that could take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration has time. Currently, the Clean Power Plan is held up in federal court after lawsuits from industry groups and states challenged its legality. A ruling could be months away and any decision — for or against the plan — will likely be appealed to the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congress could also step in and amend the Clean Air Act to say the EPA shouldn’t regulate greenhouse gases, nullifying the Clean Power Plan, but that could prove politically challenging.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>Moratorium on Federal Coal Leases\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The Obama administration placed a moratorium on new coal leases on federal lands \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/15/463164790/u-s-moratorium-on-new-coal-leases-to-be-announced-friday\">in January 2016\u003c/a>, citing concerns over pricing and pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the estimated three-year hold on leasing, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/pressreleases/secretary-jewell-launches-comprehensive-review-federal-coal-program\">Department of the Interior said\u003c/a> it was going to review the country’s coal-leasing program to make sure it was providing “a fair return to taxpayers and reflect its impacts on the environment, while continuing to help meet our energy needs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal lands account for roughly \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/15/463164790/u-s-moratorium-on-new-coal-leases-to-be-announced-friday\">40 percent of all\u003c/a> U.S. coal production. Hundreds of millions of tons of coal are mined on federal lands every year, generating nearly $1.3 billion for the government in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental groups say that money doesn’t offset the societal costs of pollution from coal mining and consumption. Burning coal is a leading cause of carbon dioxide emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s order to lift the moratorium should take immediate effect, allowing the Bureau of Land Management to issue new coal leases on federal lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s not at all clear there will be any immediate rush for new leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Coal production fell in 2016,” says Robert Godby, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.uwyo.edu/cee/\">Center for Energy Economics and Public Policy\u003c/a> at the University of Wyoming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, it’s fallen for several years as utilities have switched to cheaper natural gas. That means existing coal reserves have grown bigger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The coal market is so weak,” Godby says, “and some companies are coming out of bankruptcy.” He says they simply don’t have the cash to make the enormous investment required to lease federal land for future coal production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Godby says the decline in coal leasing — and the loss of hundreds of millions of dollars a year in royalties — has been painful for Wyoming. The state had been using the money to build new schools, but is now facing a large budget deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>The Social Cost of Carbon\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The “social cost of carbon” is another Obama-era policy that directed government agencies to factor in the effects of climate change on their rule-making. It essentially put a \u003ca href=\"http://blog.ucsusa.org/rachel-cleetus/the-social-cost-of-carbon-underscores-an-obvious-fact-climate-change-is-costly\">price tag on carbon emissions\u003c/a> and told agencies to factor that price tag in when making a regulation. The current cost is \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/climatechange/social-cost-carbon\">$36 per metric ton\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump is expected to try to neuter the policy by directing the EPA to lower that cost to the point where it won’t have much weight in policy-making. An all-out elimination of the cost would likely have left the administration with weaker \u003ca href=\"http://media.ca7.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/rssExec.pl?Submit=Display&Path=Y2016/D08-08/C:14-2159:J:Ripple:aut:T:fnOp:N:1807496:S:0\">legal standing\u003c/a> should it be challenged in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is aiming to cut federal climate change efforts across government. Trump’s budget \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/16/520399205/trumps-budget-slashes-climate-change-funding\">called for steep cuts\u003c/a> to climate change research, domestic programs to combat climate change and funding for international climate efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mick Mulvaney, director of the Office of Management and Budget, has told reporters that federal funding to fight climate change is “a waste of your money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Takes+Aim+At+A+Centerpiece+Of+Obama%27s+Environmental+Legacy&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — A new study predicts that with limited human intervention, 31 percent to 67 percent of Southern California beaches could completely erode back to coastal infrastructure or sea cliffs by the year 2100 with sea level rises of 3.3 feet (1 meter) to 6.5 feet (2 meters).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/news/disappearing-beaches-modeling-shoreline-change-southern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study released on Monday\u003c/a> used a new computer model called \u003ca href=\"https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/coastal_processes/cosmos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CoSMoS-COAST\u003c/a> (Coastal Storm Modeling System – Coastal One-line Assimilated Simulation Tool) to predict shoreline effects caused by sea level rise and changes in storm patterns due to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s lead author, Sean Vitousek, says erosion of Southern California beaches is not just a matter of the region losing its identity and tourism dollars, but of exposing infrastructure, businesses and homes to damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11378997\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"Workers install large boulders as rip rap to armor the shore against further erosion at Goleta Beach at negative tide.\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11378997\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-800x573.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-1020x730.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-1180x844.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-960x687.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-375x268.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-520x372.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers install large boulders as rip rap to armor the shore against further erosion at Goleta Beach at negative tide.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Daniel Hoover/USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Beaches are perhaps the most iconic feature of California, and the potential for losing this identity is real,” Vitousek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The effect of California losing its beaches is not just a matter of affecting the tourism economy. Losing the protecting swath of beach sand between us and the pounding surf exposes critical infrastructure, businesses and homes to damage. Beaches are natural resources, and it is likely that human management efforts must increase in order to preserve them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study has been accepted for publication by the American Geophysical Union’s Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>LOS ANGELES — A new study predicts that with limited human intervention, 31 percent to 67 percent of Southern California beaches could completely erode back to coastal infrastructure or sea cliffs by the year 2100 with sea level rises of 3.3 feet (1 meter) to 6.5 feet (2 meters).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.usgs.gov/news/disappearing-beaches-modeling-shoreline-change-southern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study released on Monday\u003c/a> used a new computer model called \u003ca href=\"https://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/coastal_processes/cosmos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CoSMoS-COAST\u003c/a> (Coastal Storm Modeling System – Coastal One-line Assimilated Simulation Tool) to predict shoreline effects caused by sea level rise and changes in storm patterns due to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study’s lead author, Sean Vitousek, says erosion of Southern California beaches is not just a matter of the region losing its identity and tourism dollars, but of exposing infrastructure, businesses and homes to damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11378997\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-800x573.jpg\" alt=\"Workers install large boulders as rip rap to armor the shore against further erosion at Goleta Beach at negative tide.\" width=\"800\" height=\"573\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11378997\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-800x573.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-1020x730.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-1180x844.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-960x687.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-375x268.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/RipRapBeach-520x372.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers install large boulders as rip rap to armor the shore against further erosion at Goleta Beach at negative tide.\u003cbr> \u003ccite>(Daniel Hoover/USGS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Beaches are perhaps the most iconic feature of California, and the potential for losing this identity is real,” Vitousek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The effect of California losing its beaches is not just a matter of affecting the tourism economy. Losing the protecting swath of beach sand between us and the pounding surf exposes critical infrastructure, businesses and homes to damage. Beaches are natural resources, and it is likely that human management efforts must increase in order to preserve them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "California Oil Sees Ally in Trump, Even If He Can't Really Help Them",
"headTitle": "California Oil Sees Ally in Trump, Even If He Can’t Really Help Them | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>President Trump has vowed to bolster the country’s oil and gas industry by rolling back environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it may not make much of a difference for California oil. The industry’s success is tied to a broad mix of influences, some outside the scope of federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If you ask me the biggest reason why I voted for Trump, it’s because they forgot the middle class. They completely forgot those guys that are out there working on that rig.’\u003ccite>Chad Hathaway, Hathaway LLC\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In Kern County, in the heart of California’s oil country, 53 percent of voters chose Trump in November and support for the President is strong. The county, at the southern end of the Central Valley, produces 70 percent of the oil pumped out of the ground here and is one of this blue state’s pockets of dark red.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ask most oil folks if they think Trump will make a difference to their industry, and the answer is largely the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not really, no,” says Chad Hathaway, who owns a small oil company in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving through town, you can’t miss how big oil is here — there are oil wells on the main streets of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are close,” says Hathaway. “We are family and when part of the family hurts, everybody feels it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People here hit a low point last year when oil dropped to $26 a barrel, a quarter of what it was three years ago. Many companies laid off workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hathaway, a tall, 40-year-old guy with a determined streak, rode out the downturn by cutting pay. In December, he was able to drill some new oil wells and hire a few people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1478359\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1478359\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway.jpg\" alt=\"Chad Hathaway owns an oil company in Bakersfield.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1162\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-160x97.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-800x484.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-768x465.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-1020x617.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-1180x714.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-960x581.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-240x145.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-375x227.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-520x315.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chad Hathaway owns an oil company in Bakersfield. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I had one of the roughnecks come up to me said, ‘You know what? My family, just having a job at Christmas time meant a lot to us,’” Hathaway says. “That’s meaningful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s what it came down to on election day, when Hathaway filled out his ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you ask me the biggest reason why I voted for Trump, it’s because they forgot the middle class,” he says about the Democrats. “They completely forgot those guys that are out there working on that rig.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Hathaway, Kern County is a forgotten part of California, overlooked by cities on the coast where the economic upswing has returned full-force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like the people from LA and San Francisco,” he says. “They fly over this area all the time. They see all these farm fields and they can’t see the oil wells. But they don’t realize what we do to keep this state moving on daily basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hathaway is even a supporter of California’s booming solar industry. “I have a lot of solar,” he says. “I’m a huge solar guy. If it makes sense, I’ll do it. I am not stupid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hathaway says he gets into Facebook battles with family members in the Bay Area who don’t understand\u003cb> \u003c/b>this part of the state, or his support for Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They just don’t understand,” he says. “How are we so dumb down here to think that this guy is actually going to do something for us? Well, nobody else was doing it for us before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, as even Hathaway acknowledges, there may be little Trump can do for the state’s oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the fourth-largest oil-producing state in the nation, but production has been declining since the mid-1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”VoMPoJgde3sCIYWFTjOsMMKIdT4Gjt6T”]That’s because the major economic driver for the industry is the price of oil. It rises and falls due to global market forces, including the international consortium OPEC, which is largely beyond President Trump’s reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reason is that California has a major say in environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ninety percent of my problems are with Sacramento,” Hathaway says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hathaway doesn’t disparage all environmental regulations. ““Some are good,” he says. “Some are meaningful. Some are not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was glad to see Trump get rid of a rule about air pollution, which regulated methane from oil and gas wells. Nonetheless, California \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/08/68859/as-feds-roll-back-methane-rule-california-pushes-a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has its own version of that rule\u003c/a>. So Hathaway won’t see much of a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other people here in Kern County are feeling more optimistic, because there are policies where the federal government holds sway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in a good mood,” says Les Clark. He’s been in oil since 1965, but now runs a trade association called the Independent Oil Producers’ Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We meet up in Taft, a small town west of Bakersfield that was built around oil. Clark’s granddaughter is playing in the Friday night basketball game at the high school, where he knows almost everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clark says the federal government controls some rules, like ones relating to oil industry wastewater. The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/17/california-says-oil-companies-can-keep-dumping-wastewater-during-state-review/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal EPA is currently reviewing\u003c/a> where oil companies can dispose of that water, so Clark thinks the Trump Administration could make it easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s going to help us, yeah,” he says. “I think a lot of those guys, they understand that some of these regulations are very onerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, California lawmakers have said they plan to fight every inch of backsliding on environmental rules. A \u003ca href=\"http://sd24.senate.ca.gov/news/2017-02-23-senate-unveils-california-environmental-defense-act-public-lands-and-whistleblower\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed legislative package\u003c/a> would lock in protections for water and air in the event the Trump Administration changes them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That federal-state push and pull is what Clark and others here in Kern County are watching. They’re waiting to see if Trump’s victory in November is actually a victory for them\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "In an occasional series on California's political divide, we travel to oil country to find out what people want from the Trump Administration.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Trump has vowed to bolster the country’s oil and gas industry by rolling back environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it may not make much of a difference for California oil. The industry’s success is tied to a broad mix of influences, some outside the scope of federal law.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If you ask me the biggest reason why I voted for Trump, it’s because they forgot the middle class. They completely forgot those guys that are out there working on that rig.’\u003ccite>Chad Hathaway, Hathaway LLC\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In Kern County, in the heart of California’s oil country, 53 percent of voters chose Trump in November and support for the President is strong. The county, at the southern end of the Central Valley, produces 70 percent of the oil pumped out of the ground here and is one of this blue state’s pockets of dark red.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ask most oil folks if they think Trump will make a difference to their industry, and the answer is largely the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Not really, no,” says Chad Hathaway, who owns a small oil company in Bakersfield.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving through town, you can’t miss how big oil is here — there are oil wells on the main streets of town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are close,” says Hathaway. “We are family and when part of the family hurts, everybody feels it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People here hit a low point last year when oil dropped to $26 a barrel, a quarter of what it was three years ago. Many companies laid off workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hathaway, a tall, 40-year-old guy with a determined streak, rode out the downturn by cutting pay. In December, he was able to drill some new oil wells and hire a few people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1478359\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1478359\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway.jpg\" alt=\"Chad Hathaway owns an oil company in Bakersfield.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1162\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-160x97.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-800x484.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-768x465.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-1020x617.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-1180x714.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-960x581.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-240x145.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-375x227.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/hathaway-520x315.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chad Hathaway owns an oil company in Bakersfield. \u003ccite>(Lauren Sommer/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I had one of the roughnecks come up to me said, ‘You know what? My family, just having a job at Christmas time meant a lot to us,’” Hathaway says. “That’s meaningful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s what it came down to on election day, when Hathaway filled out his ballot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you ask me the biggest reason why I voted for Trump, it’s because they forgot the middle class,” he says about the Democrats. “They completely forgot those guys that are out there working on that rig.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Hathaway, Kern County is a forgotten part of California, overlooked by cities on the coast where the economic upswing has returned full-force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like the people from LA and San Francisco,” he says. “They fly over this area all the time. They see all these farm fields and they can’t see the oil wells. But they don’t realize what we do to keep this state moving on daily basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hathaway is even a supporter of California’s booming solar industry. “I have a lot of solar,” he says. “I’m a huge solar guy. If it makes sense, I’ll do it. I am not stupid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hathaway says he gets into Facebook battles with family members in the Bay Area who don’t understand\u003cb> \u003c/b>this part of the state, or his support for Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They just don’t understand,” he says. “How are we so dumb down here to think that this guy is actually going to do something for us? Well, nobody else was doing it for us before.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, as even Hathaway acknowledges, there may be little Trump can do for the state’s oil industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is the fourth-largest oil-producing state in the nation, but production has been declining since the mid-1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>That’s because the major economic driver for the industry is the price of oil. It rises and falls due to global market forces, including the international consortium OPEC, which is largely beyond President Trump’s reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reason is that California has a major say in environmental regulations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ninety percent of my problems are with Sacramento,” Hathaway says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hathaway doesn’t disparage all environmental regulations. ““Some are good,” he says. “Some are meaningful. Some are not.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was glad to see Trump get rid of a rule about air pollution, which regulated methane from oil and gas wells. Nonetheless, California \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/08/68859/as-feds-roll-back-methane-rule-california-pushes-a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has its own version of that rule\u003c/a>. So Hathaway won’t see much of a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other people here in Kern County are feeling more optimistic, because there are policies where the federal government holds sway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in a good mood,” says Les Clark. He’s been in oil since 1965, but now runs a trade association called the Independent Oil Producers’ Agency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We meet up in Taft, a small town west of Bakersfield that was built around oil. Clark’s granddaughter is playing in the Friday night basketball game at the high school, where he knows almost everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clark says the federal government controls some rules, like ones relating to oil industry wastewater. The \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2017/01/17/california-says-oil-companies-can-keep-dumping-wastewater-during-state-review/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">federal EPA is currently reviewing\u003c/a> where oil companies can dispose of that water, so Clark thinks the Trump Administration could make it easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s going to help us, yeah,” he says. “I think a lot of those guys, they understand that some of these regulations are very onerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, California lawmakers have said they plan to fight every inch of backsliding on environmental rules. A \u003ca href=\"http://sd24.senate.ca.gov/news/2017-02-23-senate-unveils-california-environmental-defense-act-public-lands-and-whistleblower\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed legislative package\u003c/a> would lock in protections for water and air in the event the Trump Administration changes them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That federal-state push and pull is what Clark and others here in Kern County are watching. They’re waiting to see if Trump’s victory in November is actually a victory for them\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Standing outside the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on Thursday, the president of the California Public Utilities Commission and staff held signs with a clear message for embattled climate scientists: “Fight Climate Change. Work for California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Picker, the CPUC president, made his appeal in the nation’s capital as President Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/16/520305293/trump-to-unveil-hard-power-budget-that-boosts-military-spending\">released his budget proposal\u003c/a> in which the EPA would face a 31 percent cut — from $8.2 billion in fiscal year 2017 to $5.7 billion in fiscal year 2018. It’s the largest cut among all Cabinet departments and major agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On climate action, there’s a dark cloud hanging over Washington right now,” Picker said in a statement. “If climate scientists and experts want the opportunity to continue doing important work for the good of our planet, my message is simple: Come West, California is hiring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission, plus the California Air Resources Board and the California Energy Commission, \u003ca href=\"http://cpuc.ca.gov/Picker/workforCA/\">are hiring\u003c/a> dozens of staff for jobs focusing on climate change, renewable energy, air quality and clean energy research and development, Picker said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/PickerCPUC/status/841388679738273792\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Standing outside the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency on Thursday, the president of the California Public Utilities Commission and staff held signs with a clear message for embattled climate scientists: “Fight Climate Change. Work for California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Picker, the CPUC president, made his appeal in the nation’s capital as President Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/16/520305293/trump-to-unveil-hard-power-budget-that-boosts-military-spending\">released his budget proposal\u003c/a> in which the EPA would face a 31 percent cut — from $8.2 billion in fiscal year 2017 to $5.7 billion in fiscal year 2018. It’s the largest cut among all Cabinet departments and major agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On climate action, there’s a dark cloud hanging over Washington right now,” Picker said in a statement. “If climate scientists and experts want the opportunity to continue doing important work for the good of our planet, my message is simple: Come West, California is hiring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commission, plus the California Air Resources Board and the California Energy Commission, \u003ca href=\"http://cpuc.ca.gov/Picker/workforCA/\">are hiring\u003c/a> dozens of staff for jobs focusing on climate change, renewable energy, air quality and clean energy research and development, Picker said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "EPA Reopens U.S. Rules Setting Vehicle Efficiency Standards for 2025",
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"content": "\u003cp>U.S. automakers may not have to reach fuel efficiency standards that were set during President Obama’s administration, as the Environmental Protection Agency says it’s reopening a review of the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump is expected to make that announcement Wednesday in meetings with auto industry executives and workers in Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”0JXYQUHsmhBDgJWC1p7eT7p6Y8aBopSz”]In Washington, a senior White House official said the president wants to “set standards that are technologically feasible, economically feasible and allow the auto industry to grow and create jobs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/regulations-greenhouse-gas-emissions-passenger-cars-and\">The Obama-era rules\u003c/a> stemmed from an agreement the government reached in the summer of 2011, setting carbon dioxide emissions targets for passenger cars and light trucks that were equivalent to the industry’s fleet of achieving an average of 54.5 miles per gallon by the 2025 model year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reopening of the rules review comes after a request from the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, an industry group that represents both domestic and foreign automakers. The group’s request came last month, after the confirmation of Scott Pruitt as EPA administrator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changing the standards isn’t expected to be a simple process. Noting that an agreement usually includes the EPA, the Department of Transportation and the state of California, NPR’s Sonari Glinton reports about the regulations on today’s \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a question in here about whether these regulations were ‘final-final.’ But the White House wants to review them in 2018, and so do the automakers. And essentially there’s going to be a battle every inch of the way. Many environmental groups are just waiting to file suit. But to be clear, this is just whether to review a regulation — we’re not necessarily at the point of changing the fuel standards quite yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA is expected to attempt to roll back rules that the Obama administration formally unveiled in 2012, when it mandated nearly doubling gas efficiency by 2025. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/08/29/160225740/white-house-unveils-new-fuel-efficiency-standards\">As NPR reported\u003c/a>, those requirements were seen as “a rare example of industry agreeing to tough environmental regulations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the deal, the EPA had been scheduled to conduct a midterm review of the efficiency standards. After Democrats lost the presidency in last November’s election, the agency moved ahead with that review, issuing a proposed determination on Nov. 30 that triggered a 30-day public comment period. On Jan. 12, then-EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/midterm-evaluation-light-duty-vehicle-greenhouse-gas-ghg\">signed off on her final determination\u003c/a> that maintained the 2025 targets. In its letter to the EPA, \u003ca href=\"http://www-s4.npr.org/templates/story/bypassed%20required%20procedures\">the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers said\u003c/a> the EPA had rushed to complete the review process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senior White House official characterized Trump’s move as an attempt “to get this mid-term review back on track.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said the administration is not seeking to withdraw a waiver allowing California to set its own higher emission standards. But he indicated that this issue could come up in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama-era agreement followed the federal bailout of General Motors and Chrysler; it also came at a time of high U.S. gas prices, when the average price per gallon topped $4 in some states. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/01/08/462306313/is-obamas-hope-for-better-fuel-economy-sputtering-out\">as gas prices fell\u003c/a>, both consumers and automakers put less focus on maximizing fuel efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New guidelines could give automakers more reasons to focus on gas-powered, rather than electric or hybrid, vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Electric cars are still heavily dependent on external regulations,” electric car advocate and automaker adviser Chelsea Sexton \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/07/518956871/how-administration-regs-could-affect-the-future-of-the-electric-car\">told Sonari last week\u003c/a>. “And therefore most car companies are still offering very few numbers, limited capacity and range, and all those things, and not even nationwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without federal regulations leading the way, Sexton says, there’s no guarantee that work on electric cars will continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other experts caution that whatever changes come, they won’t have an immediate effect. The EPA will need to hold a public review process, for instance. And then there’s the promise of legal battles — with environmental groups, and perhaps with California and other states that have set their own standards for emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What it’s going to do is, it’s going to throw the auto industry into chaos,” Roland Hwang, the Natural Resources Defense Council’s director of energy and transportation, tells Sonari, “because to unwind these standards will be a years-long battle in the courts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=EPA+Reopens+U.S.+Rules+Setting+Vehicle+Efficiency+Standards+For+2025&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changing the standards isn’t expected to be a simple process. Noting that an agreement usually includes the EPA, the Department of Transportation and the state of California, NPR’s Sonari Glinton reports about the regulations on today’s \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a question in here about whether these regulations were ‘final-final.’ But the White House wants to review them in 2018, and so do the automakers. And essentially there’s going to be a battle every inch of the way. Many environmental groups are just waiting to file suit. But to be clear, this is just whether to review a regulation — we’re not necessarily at the point of changing the fuel standards quite yet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA is expected to attempt to roll back rules that the Obama administration formally unveiled in 2012, when it mandated nearly doubling gas efficiency by 2025. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2012/08/29/160225740/white-house-unveils-new-fuel-efficiency-standards\">As NPR reported\u003c/a>, those requirements were seen as “a rare example of industry agreeing to tough environmental regulations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the deal, the EPA had been scheduled to conduct a midterm review of the efficiency standards. After Democrats lost the presidency in last November’s election, the agency moved ahead with that review, issuing a proposed determination on Nov. 30 that triggered a 30-day public comment period. On Jan. 12, then-EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/regulations-emissions-vehicles-and-engines/midterm-evaluation-light-duty-vehicle-greenhouse-gas-ghg\">signed off on her final determination\u003c/a> that maintained the 2025 targets. In its letter to the EPA, \u003ca href=\"http://www-s4.npr.org/templates/story/bypassed%20required%20procedures\">the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers said\u003c/a> the EPA had rushed to complete the review process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senior White House official characterized Trump’s move as an attempt “to get this mid-term review back on track.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said the administration is not seeking to withdraw a waiver allowing California to set its own higher emission standards. But he indicated that this issue could come up in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Obama-era agreement followed the federal bailout of General Motors and Chrysler; it also came at a time of high U.S. gas prices, when the average price per gallon topped $4 in some states. But \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/01/08/462306313/is-obamas-hope-for-better-fuel-economy-sputtering-out\">as gas prices fell\u003c/a>, both consumers and automakers put less focus on maximizing fuel efficiency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New guidelines could give automakers more reasons to focus on gas-powered, rather than electric or hybrid, vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Electric cars are still heavily dependent on external regulations,” electric car advocate and automaker adviser Chelsea Sexton \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/07/518956871/how-administration-regs-could-affect-the-future-of-the-electric-car\">told Sonari last week\u003c/a>. “And therefore most car companies are still offering very few numbers, limited capacity and range, and all those things, and not even nationwide.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without federal regulations leading the way, Sexton says, there’s no guarantee that work on electric cars will continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other experts caution that whatever changes come, they won’t have an immediate effect. The EPA will need to hold a public review process, for instance. And then there’s the promise of legal battles — with environmental groups, and perhaps with California and other states that have set their own standards for emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What it’s going to do is, it’s going to throw the auto industry into chaos,” Roland Hwang, the Natural Resources Defense Council’s director of energy and transportation, tells Sonari, “because to unwind these standards will be a years-long battle in the courts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=EPA+Reopens+U.S.+Rules+Setting+Vehicle+Efficiency+Standards+For+2025&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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