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"content": "\u003cp>The Trump administration on Monday threw out a new rule intended to limit the numbers of endangered whales and sea turtles getting caught in fishing nets off the West Coast, even though the fishing industry had proposed the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”EC7Y8TV9yUyqvyzFXVv3dwHYmEphrgAC”]The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a> said it decided the new protection was not warranted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action is one of the first by the Trump administration targeting protections for threatened species off the Pacific coast, said Catherine Kilduff, an attorney for the Center for Biological Diversity conservation group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation was designed to reduce the numbers of humpback whales, leatherback sea turtles and other large creatures that accidentally become tangled in mile-long nets set adrift by commercial fishermen overnight to catch swordfish off California and Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation allowed for shutting down swordfish fishing with the drift nets for up to two fishing seasons if too many of the endangered animals were getting caught in the nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule applied to endangered fin, humpback, and sperm whales, short-fin pilot whales and common bottlenose dolphins, as well as endangered leatherback sea turtles, loggerhead sea turtles, olive-ridley sea turtles and green sea turtles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the communities of whales that would have been protected under the rule have dwindled to the low hundreds, Kilduff said.\u003cbr>\nThe fishing industry’s Pacific Fishery Management Council had proposed the new regulation in 2015. Federal officials began implementing it the next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Trump administration on Monday threw out a new rule intended to limit the numbers of endangered whales and sea turtles getting caught in fishing nets off the West Coast, even though the fishing industry had proposed the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">National Marine Fisheries Service\u003c/a> said it decided the new protection was not warranted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action is one of the first by the Trump administration targeting protections for threatened species off the Pacific coast, said Catherine Kilduff, an attorney for the Center for Biological Diversity conservation group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation was designed to reduce the numbers of humpback whales, leatherback sea turtles and other large creatures that accidentally become tangled in mile-long nets set adrift by commercial fishermen overnight to catch swordfish off California and Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The regulation allowed for shutting down swordfish fishing with the drift nets for up to two fishing seasons if too many of the endangered animals were getting caught in the nets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rule applied to endangered fin, humpback, and sperm whales, short-fin pilot whales and common bottlenose dolphins, as well as endangered leatherback sea turtles, loggerhead sea turtles, olive-ridley sea turtles and green sea turtles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the communities of whales that would have been protected under the rule have dwindled to the low hundreds, Kilduff said.\u003cbr>\nThe fishing industry’s Pacific Fishery Management Council had proposed the new regulation in 2015. Federal officials began implementing it the next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Nearly $1 Million in Stolen Bees Recovered in Fresno",
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"content": "\u003cp>Fresno authorities say they've uncovered the biggest beehive theft they've ever seen. They recovered nearly a $1 million worth of bees belonging to a dozen victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sgt. Arley Terrence of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnosheriff.org/units/specialty-units/ag-task-force.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fresno County Sheriff’s Department Agricultural Crimes Task Force\u003c/a> said detectives got a tip about some stolen hives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they showed up at an orchard on the outskirts of town, they found 51-year-old Pavel Tveretinov in a beekeeper suit tending to a motley assortment of beehives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was like a chop shop of stolen bees,\" Terrence said Thursday. \"There were just lots and lots of different bee boxes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11466903\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11466903\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-800x703.jpg\" alt=\"Investigators discovered hives with a variety of distinctive markings, indicating they belonged to different owners.\" width=\"800\" height=\"703\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-800x703.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-160x141.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-1020x896.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-1180x1037.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-960x844.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-240x211.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-375x329.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-520x457.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Investigators discovered hives with a variety of distinctive markings, indicating they belonged to different owners. \u003ccite>(Detective Andres Solis/Fresno County Sheriff's Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In total, detectives discovered 2,500 stolen hives, which Terrence said belong to 12 different victims. Authorities believe all the bees were stolen in California over the past three years. Many belong to local beekeepers, but some hail from as far away as Montana and Missouri.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"3XSsB28NIwUnhY3CmG3jjtJHDcG0L3tT\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's common for out-of-state beekeepers to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/09/519500033/bees-travel-cross-country-for-the-california-almond-harvest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">truck in bees to pollinate California nut crops\u003c/a>, which are a tidy source of revenue for the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almond farming alone contributed \u003ca href=\"http://aic.ucdavis.edu/almonds/Economic%20Impacts%20of%20California%20Almond%20Industry_Full%20Report_FinalPDF_v2.pdf\">over $7 billion\u003c/a> to the California economy in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11465086\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11465086\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In total, investigators found about 2,500 stolen hives. \u003ccite>(Detective Andres Solis/Fresno County Sheriff's Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Terrence said Tveretinov knows the beekeeping trade. \"He used that to his advantage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators believe Tveretinov worked at night, snatching truckloads of bees out of orchards they were hired to pollinate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They said he supplemented his own hives with those he stole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He would move through the state using other people's bees to contract with farmers, and then collected those fees,\" Terrence said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11467018\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11467018\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-800x808.jpg\" alt=\"The suspect in the beehive theft, 51-year-old Pavel Tveretinov.\" width=\"800\" height=\"808\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-160x162.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-240x242.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-375x379.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-520x525.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The suspect in the beehive theft, 51-year-old Pavel Tveretinov. \u003ccite>(Fresno County Sheriff's Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Detectives had help from what Terrence calls a close-knit Russian-Ukrainian beekeeping community in Northern California. Tveretinov is Russian-Ukranian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're all familiar with each other,\" Terrence said of the beekeepers, \"and they had suspected that he was stealing bees.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tveretinov was arrested on April 28 on suspicion of possessing stolen property and released on $10,000 bail. He is expected to be charged with possession of stolen property and grand theft.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Fresno authorities say they've uncovered the biggest beehive theft they've ever seen. They recovered nearly a $1 million worth of bees belonging to a dozen victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sgt. Arley Terrence of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnosheriff.org/units/specialty-units/ag-task-force.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Fresno County Sheriff’s Department Agricultural Crimes Task Force\u003c/a> said detectives got a tip about some stolen hives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they showed up at an orchard on the outskirts of town, they found 51-year-old Pavel Tveretinov in a beekeeper suit tending to a motley assortment of beehives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was like a chop shop of stolen bees,\" Terrence said Thursday. \"There were just lots and lots of different bee boxes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11466903\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11466903\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-800x703.jpg\" alt=\"Investigators discovered hives with a variety of distinctive markings, indicating they belonged to different owners.\" width=\"800\" height=\"703\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-800x703.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-160x141.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-1020x896.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-1180x1037.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-960x844.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-240x211.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-375x329.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/StolenBeehivesYellow-520x457.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Investigators discovered hives with a variety of distinctive markings, indicating they belonged to different owners. \u003ccite>(Detective Andres Solis/Fresno County Sheriff's Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In total, detectives discovered 2,500 stolen hives, which Terrence said belong to 12 different victims. Authorities believe all the bees were stolen in California over the past three years. Many belong to local beekeepers, but some hail from as far away as Montana and Missouri.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's common for out-of-state beekeepers to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/09/519500033/bees-travel-cross-country-for-the-california-almond-harvest\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">truck in bees to pollinate California nut crops\u003c/a>, which are a tidy source of revenue for the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almond farming alone contributed \u003ca href=\"http://aic.ucdavis.edu/almonds/Economic%20Impacts%20of%20California%20Almond%20Industry_Full%20Report_FinalPDF_v2.pdf\">over $7 billion\u003c/a> to the California economy in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11465086\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11465086\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/bees6.jpg 1632w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In total, investigators found about 2,500 stolen hives. \u003ccite>(Detective Andres Solis/Fresno County Sheriff's Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Terrence said Tveretinov knows the beekeeping trade. \"He used that to his advantage.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Investigators believe Tveretinov worked at night, snatching truckloads of bees out of orchards they were hired to pollinate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They said he supplemented his own hives with those he stole.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He would move through the state using other people's bees to contract with farmers, and then collected those fees,\" Terrence said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11467018\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11467018\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-800x808.jpg\" alt=\"The suspect in the beehive theft, 51-year-old Pavel Tveretinov.\" width=\"800\" height=\"808\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-160x162.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-240x242.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-375x379.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-520x525.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/PavelT-128x128.jpg 128w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The suspect in the beehive theft, 51-year-old Pavel Tveretinov. \u003ccite>(Fresno County Sheriff's Department)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Detectives had help from what Terrence calls a close-knit Russian-Ukrainian beekeeping community in Northern California. Tveretinov is Russian-Ukranian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're all familiar with each other,\" Terrence said of the beekeepers, \"and they had suspected that he was stealing bees.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tveretinov was arrested on April 28 on suspicion of possessing stolen property and released on $10,000 bail. He is expected to be charged with possession of stolen property and grand theft.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Most of California’s Salmon and Trout Could be Extinct in 100 Years, Report Says",
"headTitle": "Most of California’s Salmon and Trout Could be Extinct in 100 Years, Report Says | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Conservation groups, fishing organizations and biologists have been working tirelessly for decades to protect California’s trout and salmon. They have restored floodplains where juveniles find food and shelter, are arranging to remove obstructive dams from the Klamath River and are constantly badgering water agencies to maintain suitable flows in important spawning streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new report released Tuesday suggests their efforts may be largely for naught. Three-fourths of California’s native species and subspecies of salmonids may be extinct within 100 years, according to biologists at UC Davis and the watershed advocacy group California Trout. In their study, “\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://caltrout.org/sos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">State of the Salmonids \u003cspan class=\"caps\">II\u003c/span>: Fish in Hot Water\u003c/a>,” the authors warned that climate change impacts and the severe degradation of habitat of wild rivers that continues to this day could extinguish almost half of California’s 32 types of native salmon and trout within 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maintaining populations of wild salmon and trout is important since it essentially requires maintaining healthy sources of clean, cold water, which is good for much more than just fish. “Resilient fish populations indicate healthy waters, important for drinking water, agriculture, commerce and the health of people and the environments in which we live,” the report notes. “Declining fish populations indicate degraded waters, which threaten the health and economic well-being of all Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">River water just a few degrees above a critical threshold can easily kill salmon and trout at any of their life stages.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to the report, the most threatened of California’s native salmonids are the southern steelhead, the winter-run Sacramento River Chinook salmon and the Central California coho salmon. The bull trout, last seen in California in the McCloud River in 1975, is already locally extinct. The coastal rainbow trout, the biologists said, may be California’s only native salmonid to survive for the long haul in any abundance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists wrote that agricultural demands for river water, population growth and alteration of the San Francisco Bay and Delta ecosystem are major factors affecting salmonids’ long-term survival odds. Fish hatcheries that boost catchable numbers of salmon and steelhead but dilute native species’ gene pools are also problematic. Wildfires, which are getting bigger and more frequent, also pose a threat to mountain trout populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No single stressor, however, is likely to outweigh the broad and devastating impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is the major, overarching anthropogenic threat affecting salmonids in California,” the authors wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>River water just a few degrees above a critical threshold can easily kill salmon and trout at any of their life stages, from fertilized egg to spawning adult. This makes rising temperatures especially worrisome. Because mountain snowpack will melt earlier and faster each year under warmer conditions, streams may swell more rapidly to flood stages in the spring, then quickly diminish again in the hot, dry summer months – precisely when certain runs of fish need cold water the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warming trends could also upend wind and current cycles that drive ocean upwelling, which brings nutrients to the surface and provides food for salmon. Even sea level rise, caused by the melting of polar ice caps, will impact salmon by submerging valuable marshland and lagoons where young fish find shelter and food, the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the authors said there is hope for preserving fish populations. Curtis Knight, executive director of California Trout, said at a press conference Tuesday that restoring mountain meadows could be one effective strategy for keeping spawning streams flowing all year. That’s because meadows can absorb water like giant sponges and release it slowly into creeks through the dry summer months – a service currently provided by summer snowpack but which is threatened by global warming. [contextly_sidebar id=”e2GY1Y97n10ptpmylbto1I9omPPwLiJt”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors also recommended restoring floodplains alongside rivers. Research by California Trout has demonstrated that flooding seasonal cropland in the Sacramento Valley can significantly improve survival rates of juvenile Chinook salmon born far upstream. Inundated floodplains provide young fish with abundant food as well as refuge from predators and deadly irrigation pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Report coauthor Peter Moyle, a biologist with \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> Davis’s Center for Watershed Sciences, wrote in a foreword to the study that preserving salmon and trout in California will make waves far beyond the state’s own waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[W]hat we Californians do to enhance the resilience of our native fishes is likely to set examples for the rest of the world,” Moyle wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Knight said that keeping cold water flowing through a natural stream channel – the basic conditions that trout and salmon need – shouldn’t be a terribly difficult task in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">“We’re the innovators, the pioneers, one of the most important food-producing regions in the world, and the leaders in technology,” he wrote. “What would the loss of our native fish mean for who we are?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cem>This article originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>, and you can find the original \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/05/17/report-extinction-looming-for-most-of-californias-salmon-and-trout\">here\u003c/a>. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003ca href=\"http://nwsdp.ly/waterlist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sign up to the Water Deeply email list\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Conservation groups, fishing organizations and biologists have been working tirelessly for decades to protect California’s trout and salmon. They have restored floodplains where juveniles find food and shelter, are arranging to remove obstructive dams from the Klamath River and are constantly badgering water agencies to maintain suitable flows in important spawning streams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a new report released Tuesday suggests their efforts may be largely for naught. Three-fourths of California’s native species and subspecies of salmonids may be extinct within 100 years, according to biologists at UC Davis and the watershed advocacy group California Trout. In their study, “\u003ca class=\"preview-link\" href=\"http://caltrout.org/sos/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">State of the Salmonids \u003cspan class=\"caps\">II\u003c/span>: Fish in Hot Water\u003c/a>,” the authors warned that climate change impacts and the severe degradation of habitat of wild rivers that continues to this day could extinguish almost half of California’s 32 types of native salmon and trout within 50 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maintaining populations of wild salmon and trout is important since it essentially requires maintaining healthy sources of clean, cold water, which is good for much more than just fish. “Resilient fish populations indicate healthy waters, important for drinking water, agriculture, commerce and the health of people and the environments in which we live,” the report notes. “Declining fish populations indicate degraded waters, which threaten the health and economic well-being of all Californians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">River water just a few degrees above a critical threshold can easily kill salmon and trout at any of their life stages.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>According to the report, the most threatened of California’s native salmonids are the southern steelhead, the winter-run Sacramento River Chinook salmon and the Central California coho salmon. The bull trout, last seen in California in the McCloud River in 1975, is already locally extinct. The coastal rainbow trout, the biologists said, may be California’s only native salmonid to survive for the long haul in any abundance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The scientists wrote that agricultural demands for river water, population growth and alteration of the San Francisco Bay and Delta ecosystem are major factors affecting salmonids’ long-term survival odds. Fish hatcheries that boost catchable numbers of salmon and steelhead but dilute native species’ gene pools are also problematic. Wildfires, which are getting bigger and more frequent, also pose a threat to mountain trout populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No single stressor, however, is likely to outweigh the broad and devastating impacts of climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is the major, overarching anthropogenic threat affecting salmonids in California,” the authors wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>River water just a few degrees above a critical threshold can easily kill salmon and trout at any of their life stages, from fertilized egg to spawning adult. This makes rising temperatures especially worrisome. Because mountain snowpack will melt earlier and faster each year under warmer conditions, streams may swell more rapidly to flood stages in the spring, then quickly diminish again in the hot, dry summer months – precisely when certain runs of fish need cold water the most.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warming trends could also upend wind and current cycles that drive ocean upwelling, which brings nutrients to the surface and provides food for salmon. Even sea level rise, caused by the melting of polar ice caps, will impact salmon by submerging valuable marshland and lagoons where young fish find shelter and food, the report states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the authors said there is hope for preserving fish populations. Curtis Knight, executive director of California Trout, said at a press conference Tuesday that restoring mountain meadows could be one effective strategy for keeping spawning streams flowing all year. That’s because meadows can absorb water like giant sponges and release it slowly into creeks through the dry summer months – a service currently provided by summer snowpack but which is threatened by global warming. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The authors also recommended restoring floodplains alongside rivers. Research by California Trout has demonstrated that flooding seasonal cropland in the Sacramento Valley can significantly improve survival rates of juvenile Chinook salmon born far upstream. Inundated floodplains provide young fish with abundant food as well as refuge from predators and deadly irrigation pumps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Report coauthor Peter Moyle, a biologist with \u003cspan class=\"caps\">U.C.\u003c/span> Davis’s Center for Watershed Sciences, wrote in a foreword to the study that preserving salmon and trout in California will make waves far beyond the state’s own waters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[W]hat we Californians do to enhance the resilience of our native fishes is likely to set examples for the rest of the world,” Moyle wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Knight said that keeping cold water flowing through a natural stream channel – the basic conditions that trout and salmon need – shouldn’t be a terribly difficult task in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">“We’re the innovators, the pioneers, one of the most important food-producing regions in the world, and the leaders in technology,” he wrote. “What would the loss of our native fish mean for who we are?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"fin\">\u003cem>This article originally appeared on \u003ca href=\"http://waterdeeply.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Water Deeply\u003c/a>, and you can find the original \u003ca href=\"https://www.newsdeeply.com/water/articles/2017/05/17/report-extinction-looming-for-most-of-californias-salmon-and-trout\">here\u003c/a>. For important news about the California drought, you can \u003ca href=\"http://nwsdp.ly/waterlist\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">sign up to the Water Deeply email list\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'You Are Paddleboarding Next to 15 Great White Sharks,' Helicopter Warns Beachgoers",
"title": "'You Are Paddleboarding Next to 15 Great White Sharks,' Helicopter Warns Beachgoers",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>DANA POINT — A sheriff's helicopter crew warned a group of paddleboarders to get out of the ocean after spotting more than a dozen great white sharks along the Southern California coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Video posted online by the Orange County Sheriff's Department shows a school of sharks swimming near several people in the water Wednesday at Dana Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You are paddleboarding next to approximately 15 great white sharks,\" Deputy Brian Stockbridge announced over the helicopter loudspeaker to people in the water. \"They are advising you exit the water in a calm manner. The sharks are as close as the surfline.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xAPI8yCteX4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Advisories were posted for beaches up and down Southern California after shark sightings this week -- including at San Onofre State Beach, where a woman was \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-shark-attack-20170506-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bitten by a shark April 29\u003c/a>. She is recovering from wounds to part of her upper thigh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sightings are not uncommon along the coast, but attacks are rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire Capt. Cameron Abel of the Marine Safety Unit in Long Beach said the increase in shark sightings was similar to an influx seen at this time last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marine safety officials have attributed the activity to a \"thriving aquatic ecosystem\" in the area, and estimated that 10 to 20 juvenile sharks swam near Long Beach daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sharks \"were around most of the summer,\" Abel told the Los Angeles Times. \"We'd spot them periodically, and toward the end of the summer they disappeared.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"EHLENMReV2cjxo2Ystyqp1VuhpIlrwfV\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Lowe of the Shark Lab at Cal State Long Beach \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/05/12/71709/you-re-going-to-see-sharks-don-t-freak-out/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">joined KPCC to answer some burning questions\u003c/a> about beach safety, why there are so many shark sightings this time of year and whether this year is any different from normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason all these great white sharks might not be too unusual? Lowe said Southern California beaches have been known to be a nursery for them for at least a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly a year ago, a woman was \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/tn-dpt-0531-coastline-shark-bite-20160531-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bitten by a shark\u003c/a> while swimming off Corona del Mar, about 15 miles (24 kilometers) to the north of the Wednesday sighting. Experts estimated the shark was at least 10 feet (3.05 meters) in length, judging from the bite marks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the full video of Wednesday's sharks posted by the Orange County Sheriff's Department:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oM-Qg_Wy6c8\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>DANA POINT — A sheriff's helicopter crew warned a group of paddleboarders to get out of the ocean after spotting more than a dozen great white sharks along the Southern California coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Video posted online by the Orange County Sheriff's Department shows a school of sharks swimming near several people in the water Wednesday at Dana Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You are paddleboarding next to approximately 15 great white sharks,\" Deputy Brian Stockbridge announced over the helicopter loudspeaker to people in the water. \"They are advising you exit the water in a calm manner. The sharks are as close as the surfline.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/xAPI8yCteX4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/xAPI8yCteX4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Advisories were posted for beaches up and down Southern California after shark sightings this week -- including at San Onofre State Beach, where a woman was \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-shark-attack-20170506-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bitten by a shark April 29\u003c/a>. She is recovering from wounds to part of her upper thigh.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sightings are not uncommon along the coast, but attacks are rare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire Capt. Cameron Abel of the Marine Safety Unit in Long Beach said the increase in shark sightings was similar to an influx seen at this time last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marine safety officials have attributed the activity to a \"thriving aquatic ecosystem\" in the area, and estimated that 10 to 20 juvenile sharks swam near Long Beach daily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sharks \"were around most of the summer,\" Abel told the Los Angeles Times. \"We'd spot them periodically, and toward the end of the summer they disappeared.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Lowe of the Shark Lab at Cal State Long Beach \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/05/12/71709/you-re-going-to-see-sharks-don-t-freak-out/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">joined KPCC to answer some burning questions\u003c/a> about beach safety, why there are so many shark sightings this time of year and whether this year is any different from normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason all these great white sharks might not be too unusual? Lowe said Southern California beaches have been known to be a nursery for them for at least a century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly a year ago, a woman was \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/tn-dpt-0531-coastline-shark-bite-20160531-story.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bitten by a shark\u003c/a> while swimming off Corona del Mar, about 15 miles (24 kilometers) to the north of the Wednesday sighting. Experts estimated the shark was at least 10 feet (3.05 meters) in length, judging from the bite marks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the full video of Wednesday's sharks posted by the Orange County Sheriff's Department:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/oM-Qg_Wy6c8'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/oM-Qg_Wy6c8'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Donna Perez was stooped over in her backyard, fixing a sprinkler, when she heard her dog start shrieking. She stood up and whirled around, but it was too late. A coyote had jumped over the yard’s 5-foot wall, snatched one of her two pet Yorkies, and disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We did not find her until the next day, and she was 95 percent dead,” said the Arcadia resident. The dog later died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after, Perez went to the Arcadia City Council, along with five other worried residents. They told stories of being stalked while walking their dogs, of coyotes trapping them in their cars, and of the pepper spray and golf clubs they now carried when they left their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a new breed of coyote in the neighborhood,” Perez told the council. “They are smart and cunning, they are bold and fearless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past two years, aggressive coyotes have attacked pets or bitten people in a number of cities throughout the region, including Glendora, Montebello, Irvine and Los Angeles. And Southern Californians have been filing complaints about coyotes for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a problem with Perez’s conclusion that the region is being stalked by a more dangerous type of coyote: There’s no science to back it up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11442248\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11442248\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-800x866.jpg\" alt=\"Donna Perez with her pet Yorkie, Cody. Her other dog was killed by a coyote in her backyard last fall.\" width=\"800\" height=\"866\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-800x866.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-160x173.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-1020x1104.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-1920x2078.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-1180x1277.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-960x1039.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-240x260.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-375x406.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-520x563.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady.jpg 1892w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donna Perez with her pet Yorkie, Cody. Her other dog was killed by a coyote in her backyard last fall. \u003ccite>(KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There has been very little research on coyote-human conflicts in urban areas, so experts don’t have a handle on what causes these interactions, how often they occur or how to prevent them. And that makes it difficult for cities to know how to respond. So the approach they often use has more to do with emotion than science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Arcadia, City Manager Dominic Lazzaretto recommends educating residents about how to live with coyotes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t really focused on things we can do to make the coyotes uncomfortable in our neighborhoods,” he said, “to make the coyotes perceive humans as threats once again and go back into the hills where they belong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”KqeOjrLfrjfAPp3vCOZlSmUumOOXAx04″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Councilman Roger Chandler favors something more aggressive: trapping the animals and killing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That wouldn’t be cruel, because “if we were in Wisconsin on a farm we’d be shooting them with .22s,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trapping coyotes is legal in California, but by law they can’t be relocated; they have to be killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arcadia tried trapping once already, back in 2010 and 2011. Many people in town say it worked, that they didn’t see many coyotes afterward. But the city stopped trapping, and now City Hall gets three to five coyote complaints a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve always had problems with coyotes but I sense there’s a bigger problem now than we’ve ever had before,” said Councilman Tom Beck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is hard to prove. Like most cities in Southern California, Arcadia doesn’t have long-term data about coyote complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11442254\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11442254\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A coyote stands on the 12th fairway at SilverRock Resort in La Quinta.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A coyote stands on the 12th fairway at SilverRock Resort in La Quinta. \u003ccite>(Stephen Dunn/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The data is an absolute mess,” said Niamh Quinn, a coyote researcher with UC Cooperative Extension in Irvine, who recently authored a study on coyote conflict trends in Southern California that’s currently undergoing peer review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even among the city, county and state agencies that do track complaints or coyote bites, there is little standardization in the collection of information, making it very hard to look for trends. It’s why Quinn \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/20/69162/new-app-lets-anyone-report-and-get-alerts-about-co/\">created an app\u003c/a> to track coyote complaints that she hopes most Southern California cities will adopt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From a scientific point of view, if you’re not asking the same questions, you can’t really analyze it,” said Quinn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, one of the few reliable sets of data in the area suggests the problem may be getting worse. The L.A. County Department of Public Health tracks the number of county residents receiving rabies shots for coyote bites. In 2012, just three people got the shots. That jumped to 16 last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”oDH3w9I8ob0GdWP7G3cf7EBJXFDuMmzp”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, 12 people were bitten by coyotes in Elysian Park in Los Angeles in the space of five months, according to Public Health. In one incident, a person was bitten while trying to stop a coyote from attacking a dog. But in many other cases the coyote approached humans directly. People were bitten while stargazing, lying on the ground or jogging. Kids were bitten while playing in a playground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prior to that, we’d rarely see attacks of people,” said Karen Ehnert, the chief veterinarian for Public Health. “Now we’ve been hearing about them in different circumstance where it’s totally unprovoked. I mean, that’s just not normal behavior for wild animals; they should be afraid of people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know why coyotes lose their fear of people. But there are a few theories. One is that because urban coyotes constantly see people and we don’t frighten them away or try to hurt them, they slowly get used to us. Over time, that can lead to the animals becoming aggressive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many coyote management policies include an aggression scale that begins with seeing coyotes on the street, and ends with coyotes harassing or even biting people. But there is fierce disagreement about when to kill coyotes, if ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn74135.html\">The University of California’s Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program\u003c/a> recommends killing coyotes when they become aggressive, specifically when they begin killing pets in daytime. \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/wildlife/template-coyote-management-plan.pdf\">The Humane Society of the United States\u003c/a>, meanwhile, recommends lethal control only in the event of an unprovoked attack on a human.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11442250\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11442250\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-800x447.jpg\" alt=\"The University of California's Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program's coyote aggression scale.\" width=\"800\" height=\"447\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-800x447.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-160x89.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-1020x570.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-1180x659.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-960x537.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-240x134.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-375x210.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-520x291.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The University of California’s Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program’s coyote aggression scale.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But according to multiple scientists interviewed for this story, there is no scientific consensus on when to kill a coyote or on how effective trapping is. \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/17/69144/arcadia-becomes-latest-city-to-trap-kill-coyotes/\">That didn’t stop Arcadia from voting to spend $15,000 on a trapping contract.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to do whatever we can to help the residents, make them feel safe,” said Councilman Beck. “Nobody should have to worry about going to their mailbox or getting in their car. We shouldn’t have to feel that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After choosing to move ahead with trapping, Arcadia got pushback from animal rights activists, led by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, or PETA. They staged a silent protest outside City Hall, holding signs of bloodied coyotes caught in snares, and they packed the next City Council meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arcadia residents Jean Jerose and Maria Christina Halstead were among the 80 or so PETA supporters urging the council to reverse course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Please do not let this happen,” Jerose said. “The fear is not real and it’s based on a lack of knowledge, as almost all fears are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Added Halstead: “The trapping and killing of these animals is an irresponsible and inhumane response to a problem that has other solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PETA argues that people need to change their behavior to avoid conflicts with coyotes. It suggests steps to make the human environment unwelcoming to coyotes, such as cleaning up garbage, not leaving pet food out, keeping pets on leash, and yelling or blowing whistles at bold coyotes, an action called “hazing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there is no research to support this approach. KPCC asked PETA for evidence that hazing works to reverse aggressive behavior, but the organization couldn’t provide any, instead saying it works best as part of a suite of nonlethal solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Park Service researchers based in the Santa Monica Mountains who are running one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/07/18/62651/first-year-of-la-s-urban-coyote-study-is-full-of-s/\">few urban coyote studies in greater Los Angeles\u003c/a> say there is anecdotal evidence that hazing works on coyotes that aren’t accustomed to people yet. But once they get used to humans, it may be too late. At that point, according to Seth Riley, a Park Service wildlife ecologist, there’s not much else that can be done besides trapping and euthanizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even then, it’s hard to be sure you’ve killed the problem coyote. The only surefire way is if a person has been bitten, he goes to the emergency room, the wound is swabbed for coyote DNA and it’s matched with a snared coyote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a coyote is trapped in response to a pet attack, however, there’s no way to ensure the aggressive coyote is being killed. In that case, Riley said, animal control companies may trap coyotes until the problem goes away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say this level of uncertainty is commonplace in urban coyote management, given the almost complete lack of research on what works, on whether conflicts are getting worse, and even on what constitutes a conflict. So cities find themselves confronted with the question: Is it more important to avoid harming coyotes at all costs, or protect people and their pets?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Arcadia, the City Council voted to protect people and pets. But then PETA sued the city in March. To get out of the lawsuit, Arcadia announced last month it wouldn’t trap after all. PETA claimed victory, but resident Donna Perez felt differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It feels very unsafe,” she said, adding that she feels “very let down .. very alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arcadia is now working on a comprehensive coyote management plan that will likely include education and, possibly, trapping.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Donna Perez was stooped over in her backyard, fixing a sprinkler, when she heard her dog start shrieking. She stood up and whirled around, but it was too late. A coyote had jumped over the yard’s 5-foot wall, snatched one of her two pet Yorkies, and disappeared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We did not find her until the next day, and she was 95 percent dead,” said the Arcadia resident. The dog later died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soon after, Perez went to the Arcadia City Council, along with five other worried residents. They told stories of being stalked while walking their dogs, of coyotes trapping them in their cars, and of the pepper spray and golf clubs they now carried when they left their homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a new breed of coyote in the neighborhood,” Perez told the council. “They are smart and cunning, they are bold and fearless.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past two years, aggressive coyotes have attacked pets or bitten people in a number of cities throughout the region, including Glendora, Montebello, Irvine and Los Angeles. And Southern Californians have been filing complaints about coyotes for decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there’s a problem with Perez’s conclusion that the region is being stalked by a more dangerous type of coyote: There’s no science to back it up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11442248\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11442248\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-800x866.jpg\" alt=\"Donna Perez with her pet Yorkie, Cody. Her other dog was killed by a coyote in her backyard last fall.\" width=\"800\" height=\"866\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-800x866.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-160x173.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-1020x1104.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-1920x2078.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-1180x1277.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-960x1039.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-240x260.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-375x406.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady-520x563.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/DogLady.jpg 1892w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Donna Perez with her pet Yorkie, Cody. Her other dog was killed by a coyote in her backyard last fall. \u003ccite>(KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There has been very little research on coyote-human conflicts in urban areas, so experts don’t have a handle on what causes these interactions, how often they occur or how to prevent them. And that makes it difficult for cities to know how to respond. So the approach they often use has more to do with emotion than science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Arcadia, City Manager Dominic Lazzaretto recommends educating residents about how to live with coyotes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We haven’t really focused on things we can do to make the coyotes uncomfortable in our neighborhoods,” he said, “to make the coyotes perceive humans as threats once again and go back into the hills where they belong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Councilman Roger Chandler favors something more aggressive: trapping the animals and killing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That wouldn’t be cruel, because “if we were in Wisconsin on a farm we’d be shooting them with .22s,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trapping coyotes is legal in California, but by law they can’t be relocated; they have to be killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arcadia tried trapping once already, back in 2010 and 2011. Many people in town say it worked, that they didn’t see many coyotes afterward. But the city stopped trapping, and now City Hall gets three to five coyote complaints a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve always had problems with coyotes but I sense there’s a bigger problem now than we’ve ever had before,” said Councilman Tom Beck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is hard to prove. Like most cities in Southern California, Arcadia doesn’t have long-term data about coyote complaints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11442254\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11442254\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A coyote stands on the 12th fairway at SilverRock Resort in La Quinta.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteGolf-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A coyote stands on the 12th fairway at SilverRock Resort in La Quinta. \u003ccite>(Stephen Dunn/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The data is an absolute mess,” said Niamh Quinn, a coyote researcher with UC Cooperative Extension in Irvine, who recently authored a study on coyote conflict trends in Southern California that’s currently undergoing peer review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even among the city, county and state agencies that do track complaints or coyote bites, there is little standardization in the collection of information, making it very hard to look for trends. It’s why Quinn \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/20/69162/new-app-lets-anyone-report-and-get-alerts-about-co/\">created an app\u003c/a> to track coyote complaints that she hopes most Southern California cities will adopt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From a scientific point of view, if you’re not asking the same questions, you can’t really analyze it,” said Quinn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, one of the few reliable sets of data in the area suggests the problem may be getting worse. The L.A. County Department of Public Health tracks the number of county residents receiving rabies shots for coyote bites. In 2012, just three people got the shots. That jumped to 16 last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2015, 12 people were bitten by coyotes in Elysian Park in Los Angeles in the space of five months, according to Public Health. In one incident, a person was bitten while trying to stop a coyote from attacking a dog. But in many other cases the coyote approached humans directly. People were bitten while stargazing, lying on the ground or jogging. Kids were bitten while playing in a playground.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prior to that, we’d rarely see attacks of people,” said Karen Ehnert, the chief veterinarian for Public Health. “Now we’ve been hearing about them in different circumstance where it’s totally unprovoked. I mean, that’s just not normal behavior for wild animals; they should be afraid of people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists don’t know why coyotes lose their fear of people. But there are a few theories. One is that because urban coyotes constantly see people and we don’t frighten them away or try to hurt them, they slowly get used to us. Over time, that can lead to the animals becoming aggressive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many coyote management policies include an aggression scale that begins with seeing coyotes on the street, and ends with coyotes harassing or even biting people. But there is fierce disagreement about when to kill coyotes, if ever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ipm.ucanr.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn74135.html\">The University of California’s Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program\u003c/a> recommends killing coyotes when they become aggressive, specifically when they begin killing pets in daytime. \u003ca href=\"http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/wildlife/template-coyote-management-plan.pdf\">The Humane Society of the United States\u003c/a>, meanwhile, recommends lethal control only in the event of an unprovoked attack on a human.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11442250\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11442250\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-800x447.jpg\" alt=\"The University of California's Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program's coyote aggression scale.\" width=\"800\" height=\"447\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-800x447.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-160x89.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-1020x570.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-1180x659.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-960x537.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-240x134.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-375x210.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/CoyoteAggro-520x291.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The University of California’s Statewide Integrated Pest Management Program’s coyote aggression scale.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But according to multiple scientists interviewed for this story, there is no scientific consensus on when to kill a coyote or on how effective trapping is. \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2017/02/17/69144/arcadia-becomes-latest-city-to-trap-kill-coyotes/\">That didn’t stop Arcadia from voting to spend $15,000 on a trapping contract.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want to do whatever we can to help the residents, make them feel safe,” said Councilman Beck. “Nobody should have to worry about going to their mailbox or getting in their car. We shouldn’t have to feel that way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After choosing to move ahead with trapping, Arcadia got pushback from animal rights activists, led by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, or PETA. They staged a silent protest outside City Hall, holding signs of bloodied coyotes caught in snares, and they packed the next City Council meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arcadia residents Jean Jerose and Maria Christina Halstead were among the 80 or so PETA supporters urging the council to reverse course.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Please do not let this happen,” Jerose said. “The fear is not real and it’s based on a lack of knowledge, as almost all fears are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Added Halstead: “The trapping and killing of these animals is an irresponsible and inhumane response to a problem that has other solutions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PETA argues that people need to change their behavior to avoid conflicts with coyotes. It suggests steps to make the human environment unwelcoming to coyotes, such as cleaning up garbage, not leaving pet food out, keeping pets on leash, and yelling or blowing whistles at bold coyotes, an action called “hazing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, there is no research to support this approach. KPCC asked PETA for evidence that hazing works to reverse aggressive behavior, but the organization couldn’t provide any, instead saying it works best as part of a suite of nonlethal solutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Park Service researchers based in the Santa Monica Mountains who are running one of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/07/18/62651/first-year-of-la-s-urban-coyote-study-is-full-of-s/\">few urban coyote studies in greater Los Angeles\u003c/a> say there is anecdotal evidence that hazing works on coyotes that aren’t accustomed to people yet. But once they get used to humans, it may be too late. At that point, according to Seth Riley, a Park Service wildlife ecologist, there’s not much else that can be done besides trapping and euthanizing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even then, it’s hard to be sure you’ve killed the problem coyote. The only surefire way is if a person has been bitten, he goes to the emergency room, the wound is swabbed for coyote DNA and it’s matched with a snared coyote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If a coyote is trapped in response to a pet attack, however, there’s no way to ensure the aggressive coyote is being killed. In that case, Riley said, animal control companies may trap coyotes until the problem goes away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say this level of uncertainty is commonplace in urban coyote management, given the almost complete lack of research on what works, on whether conflicts are getting worse, and even on what constitutes a conflict. So cities find themselves confronted with the question: Is it more important to avoid harming coyotes at all costs, or protect people and their pets?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Arcadia, the City Council voted to protect people and pets. But then PETA sued the city in March. To get out of the lawsuit, Arcadia announced last month it wouldn’t trap after all. PETA claimed victory, but resident Donna Perez felt differently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It feels very unsafe,” she said, adding that she feels “very let down .. very alone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arcadia is now working on a comprehensive coyote management plan that will likely include education and, possibly, trapping.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Yosemite Rangers Use GPS to Save Bears From Cars",
"title": "Yosemite Rangers Use GPS to Save Bears From Cars",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>People love seeing \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/learn/nature/bears.htm\">black bears\u003c/a> when they visit Yosemite National Park. But encounters don't always go well. The park has come up with a new way to keep humans and bears safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno State University student Quiang Chang was walking recently with his friends along the rushing Merced River. It was his fifth time visiting Yosemite National Park, and he hadn't seen a bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if they appear, Chang said, \"I probably would just quietly ... just observe them and take a picture.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/524409047/524936093\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://keepbearswild.org/bear-encounters/\">Keeping a healthy distance\u003c/a> from bears is exactly what park officials want people to do. But training the public to think this way hasn't been easy, says National Park Service spokesman Scott Gediman. Twenty years ago, human-bear encounters in Yosemite were very common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was not atypical to have three or four vehicles broken into every night,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bears would rip open car doors or smash windows \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/30/us/to-bears-in-yosemite-cars-are-like-cookie-jars.html\">in search of food\u003c/a>. But others are craftier. One park visitor even took a video of a bear opening a car door with its paws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418747\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418747\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-4-7cd4d9e51fe5551ebbb2cbe1f8553e25fa59b56f-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy says he hopes the website keeps both people and bears safe.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy says he hopes the website keeps both people and bears safe. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1998, there were 1,600 encounters with bears. Now, there are fewer than 100 every year, says Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy. That's because park rangers have worked to educate the public on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/bears.htm\">storing food properly\u003c/a>, and Leahy says they now use technology to track the bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leahy works in a cabin on the edge of Yosemite Valley. He's tracking bears online in real time using the GPS collars the animals wear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, he says, human interaction with bears often resulted in having to kill the animals. By using these tracking tools, fewer and fewer bears are killed. If a bear gets too close to people, Leahy's team can scare it away, catch it or relocate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracking data from the past few years points to another trend: Bears are being hit by cars, and speeding is now their biggest threat. Leahy says 28 were hit last year, and many of them died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're talking about 10 percent of our bears potentially being hit by vehicles each year,\" he says. \"Just slowing down a little bit will give you that stopping distance required to prevent a collision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418748\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418748\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Black bears are tracked in Yosemite using telemetry and GPS collars.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832.jpg 1998w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black bears are tracked in Yosemite using telemetry and GPS collars. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The key, he says, is education. His team has created an \u003ca href=\"http://keepbearswild.org/bear-tracker/\">interactive map-based website\u003c/a> where the public can track the lives of selected bears and see general areas where they're hit most often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leahy says the bears' locations are delayed on the site so people aren't able to track them in real time. On the site, park visitors can also learn about how to be safe if a bear is around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So what we want to do with this website in a positive way is engage people before they get here: 'Hey, here's the real story about black bears in Yosemite National Park,' \" Leahy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes the site means fewer midnight calls with a dented car and either a dead or wounded bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/people/ezra-david-romero#stream/0\">Ezra David Romero\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a reporter with NPR member station Valley Public Radio. You can follow him\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ezraromero\">@ezraromero\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 Valley Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvpr.org/\">Valley Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Yosemite+Rangers+Use+Technology+To+Save+Bears+From+Cars&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>People love seeing \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/learn/nature/bears.htm\">black bears\u003c/a> when they visit Yosemite National Park. But encounters don't always go well. The park has come up with a new way to keep humans and bears safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno State University student Quiang Chang was walking recently with his friends along the rushing Merced River. It was his fifth time visiting Yosemite National Park, and he hadn't seen a bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if they appear, Chang said, \"I probably would just quietly ... just observe them and take a picture.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/524409047/524936093\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://keepbearswild.org/bear-encounters/\">Keeping a healthy distance\u003c/a> from bears is exactly what park officials want people to do. But training the public to think this way hasn't been easy, says National Park Service spokesman Scott Gediman. Twenty years ago, human-bear encounters in Yosemite were very common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was not atypical to have three or four vehicles broken into every night,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bears would rip open car doors or smash windows \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/30/us/to-bears-in-yosemite-cars-are-like-cookie-jars.html\">in search of food\u003c/a>. But others are craftier. One park visitor even took a video of a bear opening a car door with its paws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418747\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418747\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-4-7cd4d9e51fe5551ebbb2cbe1f8553e25fa59b56f-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy says he hopes the website keeps both people and bears safe.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy says he hopes the website keeps both people and bears safe. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1998, there were 1,600 encounters with bears. Now, there are fewer than 100 every year, says Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy. That's because park rangers have worked to educate the public on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/bears.htm\">storing food properly\u003c/a>, and Leahy says they now use technology to track the bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leahy works in a cabin on the edge of Yosemite Valley. He's tracking bears online in real time using the GPS collars the animals wear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, he says, human interaction with bears often resulted in having to kill the animals. By using these tracking tools, fewer and fewer bears are killed. If a bear gets too close to people, Leahy's team can scare it away, catch it or relocate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracking data from the past few years points to another trend: Bears are being hit by cars, and speeding is now their biggest threat. Leahy says 28 were hit last year, and many of them died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're talking about 10 percent of our bears potentially being hit by vehicles each year,\" he says. \"Just slowing down a little bit will give you that stopping distance required to prevent a collision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418748\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418748\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Black bears are tracked in Yosemite using telemetry and GPS collars.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832.jpg 1998w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black bears are tracked in Yosemite using telemetry and GPS collars. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The key, he says, is education. His team has created an \u003ca href=\"http://keepbearswild.org/bear-tracker/\">interactive map-based website\u003c/a> where the public can track the lives of selected bears and see general areas where they're hit most often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leahy says the bears' locations are delayed on the site so people aren't able to track them in real time. On the site, park visitors can also learn about how to be safe if a bear is around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So what we want to do with this website in a positive way is engage people before they get here: 'Hey, here's the real story about black bears in Yosemite National Park,' \" Leahy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes the site means fewer midnight calls with a dented car and either a dead or wounded bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/people/ezra-david-romero#stream/0\">Ezra David Romero\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a reporter with NPR member station Valley Public Radio. You can follow him\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ezraromero\">@ezraromero\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 Valley Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvpr.org/\">Valley Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Yosemite+Rangers+Use+Technology+To+Save+Bears+From+Cars&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Rare Butterfly Returns to San Diego National Wildlife Refuge",
"title": "Rare Butterfly Returns to San Diego National Wildlife Refuge",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Biologist John Martin surveyed a plateau on a mountainside at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/refuge/san_diego/\">San Diego National Wildlife Refuge \u003c/a>on a recent spring morning. The landscape is covered with coastal sage scrub, once the dominant habitat in the Southern California region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This green ribbon of natural habitat that wraps around Mount San Miguel is a sharp contrast to the urban environment that surrounds the refuge's 11,000 acres of protected lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin could see downtown San Diego from this hard-to-reach vantage spot, but that is not what he was there to look at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This open area that I'm sitting in is high-quality habitat for Quino checkerspot butterfly,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The endangered Quino checkerspots are flying on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge this spring for the first time in years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/04/2017-04-10c-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://u.s.kqed.net/2017/04/10/LarvaofQuinoCheckerspotButterfly004LGtx700.jpg\" Title=\"Rare Butterfly Returns to San Diego National Wildlife Refuge\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin knelt in a patch of coastal sage scrub. The spaces between bigger plants were covered with algae, lichens and mosses that keep invasive weeds at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But allow this plant, this tiny little grasslike plant — plantago erecta — to grow in profusion. And the caterpillars of the Quino checkerspot need this plant to survive,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This habitat is considered prime territory for the Quino. In fact, the fragile butterfly lays eggs on or around plantago erecta, the scientific name for the California plantain, in the spring. The insect's eggs and the larvae spend most of their life on the plant, the ground or safely tucked in a weblike cocoon. Quinos have a specialized ability to hibernate when environmental conditions are not good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When they emerge from summer dormancy, when the winter rains come out, they cause this plant to emerge and start growing caterpillars,\" Martin said, \"to emerge from dormancy and eat this, and grow and shed their skins, and grow some more until they're about 3 centimeters long.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Quino Checkerspots Used to Be Quite Common\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For about three weeks in the spring, Quinos transform into adult butterflies. That is when they breed and propagate the next generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their black, brown and white colored wings used to be a common sight. Millions flew from the Santa Monica mountains to Baja California, but the population crashed in the mid-1970s. Quinos finally got endangered species protection in 1997.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sprawling suburbs stole a lot of the butterfly's habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire and drought also took a toll on an increasingly isolated species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like a bouncing ball. This is a species that booms and busts,\" said Susan Wynn, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/carlsbad/\">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/a> biologist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3jnotGpbhI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynn spent a lot of time and energy working to improve the butterfly's future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But each time the ball bounces it's not bouncing quite as high. And some of these sites, it's just bounced so low that they don't have that resiliency or that adjacent population to rebound from, so we're hoping to get the techniques sort of figured out so that when we need to give it a little boost — bounce the ball a little higher — we'll have that ability, that we'll have that in our toolbox,\" Wynn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists spent two unsuccessful years trying to capture local female Quinos on the San Diego refuge. They had no luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes, it was very concerning, but it was also reinforcing that we were on the right track, that this was something very important to do,\" Wynn said. \"And, so last year we did end up going up to Riverside because they had populations that were big enough to collect from.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those genetically similar butterflies were collected and brought to a tiny trailer on the San Diego Zoo's grounds. Located near the elephant exhibit, the\u003ca href=\"http://zoo.sandiegozoo.org/\"> Butterfly Conservation Lab\u003c/a> served as home for the first-ever attempt to rear Quinos in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entomologist Paige Howorth set up the program that ended up producing 1,513 larvae and caterpillars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So the adult females that we receive from the wild and we set them up in these enclosures with the host plant, and so this is what they'll lay their eggs on,\" Howorth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zoo staff nurtured the adults, fed the butterflies Gatorade and collected the eggs they deposited. By last December, the first group of larvae was ready to be released on the refuge. The 742 larvae were still hibernating, and while that is uncommon for a butterfly, it is typical for Quinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11402116\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11402116\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-800x463.jpg\" alt=\"Biologists Susan Wynn and John Martin inspect coastal sage scrub on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge to find a rare wild butterfly, March 14, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-800x463.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-160x93.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-1020x590.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-1180x683.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-960x556.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-240x139.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-375x217.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-520x301.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologists Susan Wynn and John Martin inspect coastal sage scrub on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge to find a rare wild butterfly, March 14, 2017. \u003ccite>(Matthew Bowler/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It is occurring at the same time that the host plant in the habitat is completely drying up and going away. So they just kind of shut everything down for several months — until the winter rains start again,\" Howorth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larvae were released on the refuge inside modified brown Christmas-tree bulbs. The hope was that they would wake up as winter rain fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, about 800 caterpillars joined the larvae released just a month earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologist Wynn hoped the Quinos would take their cues from nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Quinos Were Flying in the Wild for the First Time in Years\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The butterflies got a huge boost from a wet winter, which allowed the plants they feed on to thrive, and the payoff for Susan Wynn and fellow biologist John Martin came this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is one right there,\" Wynn whispered in hushed tones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We did it, John,\" she said as she clapped gently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin answered the praise with a gentle laugh and then a reminder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'll have done it next year. If we don't augment here next year, I don't know, we'll see,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynn and Martin were delighted to see about 20 Quinos flying in the refuge on that recent spring morning. It raised hope that the extraordinary captive rearing program could have a lasting impact on the small population of remaining Quinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It worked,\" Wynn said. \"They are right on track with the natural populations as far as, they are emerging the same week the natural populations are emerging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has enough money set aside to do two more years of the captive rearing and releasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists are optimistic that effort will boost the local population on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge so that the rare butterflies spread to nearby suitable habitat on the refuge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, biologists would like to see a self-sustaining population that no longer needs a human assist.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Biologist John Martin surveyed a plateau on a mountainside at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/refuge/san_diego/\">San Diego National Wildlife Refuge \u003c/a>on a recent spring morning. The landscape is covered with coastal sage scrub, once the dominant habitat in the Southern California region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This green ribbon of natural habitat that wraps around Mount San Miguel is a sharp contrast to the urban environment that surrounds the refuge's 11,000 acres of protected lands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin could see downtown San Diego from this hard-to-reach vantage spot, but that is not what he was there to look at.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This open area that I'm sitting in is high-quality habitat for Quino checkerspot butterfly,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The endangered Quino checkerspots are flying on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge this spring for the first time in years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin knelt in a patch of coastal sage scrub. The spaces between bigger plants were covered with algae, lichens and mosses that keep invasive weeds at bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But allow this plant, this tiny little grasslike plant — plantago erecta — to grow in profusion. And the caterpillars of the Quino checkerspot need this plant to survive,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This habitat is considered prime territory for the Quino. In fact, the fragile butterfly lays eggs on or around plantago erecta, the scientific name for the California plantain, in the spring. The insect's eggs and the larvae spend most of their life on the plant, the ground or safely tucked in a weblike cocoon. Quinos have a specialized ability to hibernate when environmental conditions are not good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When they emerge from summer dormancy, when the winter rains come out, they cause this plant to emerge and start growing caterpillars,\" Martin said, \"to emerge from dormancy and eat this, and grow and shed their skins, and grow some more until they're about 3 centimeters long.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Quino Checkerspots Used to Be Quite Common\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For about three weeks in the spring, Quinos transform into adult butterflies. That is when they breed and propagate the next generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their black, brown and white colored wings used to be a common sight. Millions flew from the Santa Monica mountains to Baja California, but the population crashed in the mid-1970s. Quinos finally got endangered species protection in 1997.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sprawling suburbs stole a lot of the butterfly's habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fire and drought also took a toll on an increasingly isolated species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like a bouncing ball. This is a species that booms and busts,\" said Susan Wynn, a \u003ca href=\"https://www.fws.gov/carlsbad/\">U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service\u003c/a> biologist.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/J3jnotGpbhI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/J3jnotGpbhI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Wynn spent a lot of time and energy working to improve the butterfly's future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But each time the ball bounces it's not bouncing quite as high. And some of these sites, it's just bounced so low that they don't have that resiliency or that adjacent population to rebound from, so we're hoping to get the techniques sort of figured out so that when we need to give it a little boost — bounce the ball a little higher — we'll have that ability, that we'll have that in our toolbox,\" Wynn said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists spent two unsuccessful years trying to capture local female Quinos on the San Diego refuge. They had no luck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes, it was very concerning, but it was also reinforcing that we were on the right track, that this was something very important to do,\" Wynn said. \"And, so last year we did end up going up to Riverside because they had populations that were big enough to collect from.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those genetically similar butterflies were collected and brought to a tiny trailer on the San Diego Zoo's grounds. Located near the elephant exhibit, the\u003ca href=\"http://zoo.sandiegozoo.org/\"> Butterfly Conservation Lab\u003c/a> served as home for the first-ever attempt to rear Quinos in the lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Entomologist Paige Howorth set up the program that ended up producing 1,513 larvae and caterpillars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So the adult females that we receive from the wild and we set them up in these enclosures with the host plant, and so this is what they'll lay their eggs on,\" Howorth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zoo staff nurtured the adults, fed the butterflies Gatorade and collected the eggs they deposited. By last December, the first group of larvae was ready to be released on the refuge. The 742 larvae were still hibernating, and while that is uncommon for a butterfly, it is typical for Quinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11402116\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11402116\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-800x463.jpg\" alt=\"Biologists Susan Wynn and John Martin inspect coastal sage scrub on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge to find a rare wild butterfly, March 14, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-800x463.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-160x93.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-1020x590.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-1180x683.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-960x556.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-240x139.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-375x217.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Biologists-520x301.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Biologists Susan Wynn and John Martin inspect coastal sage scrub on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge to find a rare wild butterfly, March 14, 2017. \u003ccite>(Matthew Bowler/KPBS)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"It is occurring at the same time that the host plant in the habitat is completely drying up and going away. So they just kind of shut everything down for several months — until the winter rains start again,\" Howorth said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larvae were released on the refuge inside modified brown Christmas-tree bulbs. The hope was that they would wake up as winter rain fell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In January, about 800 caterpillars joined the larvae released just a month earlier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologist Wynn hoped the Quinos would take their cues from nature.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Quinos Were Flying in the Wild for the First Time in Years\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The butterflies got a huge boost from a wet winter, which allowed the plants they feed on to thrive, and the payoff for Susan Wynn and fellow biologist John Martin came this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is one right there,\" Wynn whispered in hushed tones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We did it, John,\" she said as she clapped gently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Martin answered the praise with a gentle laugh and then a reminder.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'll have done it next year. If we don't augment here next year, I don't know, we'll see,\" Martin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wynn and Martin were delighted to see about 20 Quinos flying in the refuge on that recent spring morning. It raised hope that the extraordinary captive rearing program could have a lasting impact on the small population of remaining Quinos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It worked,\" Wynn said. \"They are right on track with the natural populations as far as, they are emerging the same week the natural populations are emerging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has enough money set aside to do two more years of the captive rearing and releasing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biologists are optimistic that effort will boost the local population on the San Diego National Wildlife Refuge so that the rare butterflies spread to nearby suitable habitat on the refuge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, biologists would like to see a self-sustaining population that no longer needs a human assist.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Meet P-54, the Santa Monica Mountains' Newest Lion Cub",
"title": "Meet P-54, the Santa Monica Mountains' Newest Lion Cub",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>A 4-week-old kitten named P-54 is believed to be the product of mountain lion inbreeding, according to a statement released by the National Park Service on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cub's mother is P-23. Its father is believed to be P-23's half-brother P-30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While reproduction within the mountain lion population south of the 101 is generally a good sign for the species, inbreeding could also lead to serious problems for the population in the future, said Seth Riley, a wildlife ecologist with the NPS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The mountain lions south of the 101 are completely cut off to the north by development and the 101 freeway,\" he said. \"As of a few years ago, before one male mountain lion crossed [the 101] into the Santa Monica Mountains, the genetic diversity was lower than anything ever before seen in the West.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last November, wildlife activists\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/11/18/66281/after-years-of-negotiations-group-acquires-land-fo/\"> acquired a strategically located 71-acre swath of land\u003c/a> between the Santa Monica Mountains and Simi Valley that they hope will be home to the area's first overpass for wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If constructed, the overpass could help reduce the amount of inbreeding south of the 101 freeway by connecting mountain lion populations and increasing genetic diversity, according to the Mountains Recreation and Conservation Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397548\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397548\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A model of a proposed wildlife bridge that would cross over 10 lanes of traffic along the 101-Freeway in Agoura Hills.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A model of a proposed wildlife bridge that would cross over 10 lanes of traffic along the 101 Freeway in Agoura Hills. \u003ccite>(Resource Conservation District of the Santa Monica Mountains)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right now, P-54 seems healthy, and the population in the Santa Monica Mountains lives fairly well, according to Riley. The survival rate for kittens is good. Adults seem to find plenty of deer to eat and stay out of people's way, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if this population isn't connected with the larger one to the north, in Simi Valley, serious physical effects and deformities could begin to appear in the animals, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When lion populations in Florida began inbreeding, that state started to see lower reproduction rates, kinked tails and holes in their hearts, Riley said. Many males had one or both testes that were undescended. They were sterile, and the lions, also called panthers or cougars, almost went extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't know what it would look like [in L.A.],\" Riley said. \"But it's not good, obviously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DNA results confirming P-30 as P-54's father should be available in several weeks, Riley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service has been studying mountain lions since 2002 to determine how they survive in an increasingly fragmented and urbanized environment, according to the NPS statement.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/matt-bloom\">Matt Bloom\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A 4-week-old kitten named P-54 is believed to be the product of mountain lion inbreeding, according to a statement released by the National Park Service on Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cub's mother is P-23. Its father is believed to be P-23's half-brother P-30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While reproduction within the mountain lion population south of the 101 is generally a good sign for the species, inbreeding could also lead to serious problems for the population in the future, said Seth Riley, a wildlife ecologist with the NPS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The mountain lions south of the 101 are completely cut off to the north by development and the 101 freeway,\" he said. \"As of a few years ago, before one male mountain lion crossed [the 101] into the Santa Monica Mountains, the genetic diversity was lower than anything ever before seen in the West.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last November, wildlife activists\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/11/18/66281/after-years-of-negotiations-group-acquires-land-fo/\"> acquired a strategically located 71-acre swath of land\u003c/a> between the Santa Monica Mountains and Simi Valley that they hope will be home to the area's first overpass for wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If constructed, the overpass could help reduce the amount of inbreeding south of the 101 freeway by connecting mountain lion populations and increasing genetic diversity, according to the Mountains Recreation and Conservation Authority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11397548\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11397548\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"A model of a proposed wildlife bridge that would cross over 10 lanes of traffic along the 101-Freeway in Agoura Hills.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-960x540.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-240x135.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-375x211.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/LionBridge-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A model of a proposed wildlife bridge that would cross over 10 lanes of traffic along the 101 Freeway in Agoura Hills. \u003ccite>(Resource Conservation District of the Santa Monica Mountains)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Right now, P-54 seems healthy, and the population in the Santa Monica Mountains lives fairly well, according to Riley. The survival rate for kittens is good. Adults seem to find plenty of deer to eat and stay out of people's way, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if this population isn't connected with the larger one to the north, in Simi Valley, serious physical effects and deformities could begin to appear in the animals, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When lion populations in Florida began inbreeding, that state started to see lower reproduction rates, kinked tails and holes in their hearts, Riley said. Many males had one or both testes that were undescended. They were sterile, and the lions, also called panthers or cougars, almost went extinct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't know what it would look like [in L.A.],\" Riley said. \"But it's not good, obviously.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DNA results confirming P-30 as P-54's father should be available in several weeks, Riley said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Park Service has been studying mountain lions since 2002 to determine how they survive in an increasingly fragmented and urbanized environment, according to the NPS statement.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Fishermen Catch 50-Pound Carp in the Middle of Los Angeles",
"title": "Fishermen Catch 50-Pound Carp in the Middle of Los Angeles",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>MacArthur Park is in the middle of Los Angeles, near downtown. At the center of the park is a small lake, and it's not most people's idea of a picturesque fishing spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was there that the California Ghetto Carping club caught a record breaking fish this week -- a 50-pound carp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You got hundreds of homeless there,\" says Sergio Talavera (or \"Big Serg\") the president of the fishing club. \"Every time we get there, we have to make sure that we're not going to be sitting on needles. You see the syringes floating in the water, on the ground. It's just one of those parks that where they tell you, the sun goes down there, you better get out of there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talavera and his fellow club members are proud to fish for carp in some of Los Angeles' less desirable spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any park in Los Angeles that the normal fisherman will not go, we will go,\" Talavera says. \"We grew up in this kind of environment, so it's no big deal to us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/521954082/521954083\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Club member Eddie Salmeron caught the massive fish. He was fishing and chatting with Talavera when he got a bite -- and it was a big one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I set the hook, and that was when the whole fight began,\" Salmeron says. \"My forearms started feeling it, my back started feeling it, my biceps felt everything. It was just -- it was the longest 10 minutes of my life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fish was so big that at first, Salmeron couldn't reel it in. So he kept tension on the line and waited for the fish to tire out. Finally, it was 12 yards away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Big Serg saw it and that's when he screamed, 'Ed, it's huge! It's a monster!' and I started shaking,\" Salmeron says. \"I starting getting tunnel vision. I couldn't focus on nothing else.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a 50-pound carp in the middle of L.A. The fish was so big it barely fit in the net.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This fish was so massive, it was huggable,\" Salmeron says. \"It looked like those big teddy bears that you get on the carnival rides when you win 'em, the big fat plumpy ones -- that's how fat that fish was.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So for any fishermen and women out there, you might want to add L.A.'s MacArthur Park to the list of possible vacations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if you go, you have a chance at a 50-pounder -- the California Ghetto Carping club is strictly catch-and-release. That massive, huggable fish is swimming at the bottom of MacArthur Park Lake right now, getting even bigger. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "MacArthur Park in Los Angeles is not the most picturesque location, but it's where the California Ghetto Carping club caught a 50 pound carp this week.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>MacArthur Park is in the middle of Los Angeles, near downtown. At the center of the park is a small lake, and it's not most people's idea of a picturesque fishing spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was there that the California Ghetto Carping club caught a record breaking fish this week -- a 50-pound carp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You got hundreds of homeless there,\" says Sergio Talavera (or \"Big Serg\") the president of the fishing club. \"Every time we get there, we have to make sure that we're not going to be sitting on needles. You see the syringes floating in the water, on the ground. It's just one of those parks that where they tell you, the sun goes down there, you better get out of there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talavera and his fellow club members are proud to fish for carp in some of Los Angeles' less desirable spots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Any park in Los Angeles that the normal fisherman will not go, we will go,\" Talavera says. \"We grew up in this kind of environment, so it's no big deal to us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Meet the City Kid Turned Rodeo King",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on Oct. 9, 2016.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this month, 30,000 spectators will descend on San Francisco’s Cow Palace for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cowpalace.com/p/grandnational\">Grand National Rodeo\u003c/a>. Since 1941, the Grand National has hosted livestock shows, team roping and bull riding, attracting country and city dwellers from around California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what most spectators won’t know is that one man has produced this and nearly every other rodeo in the Golden State at one time or another. Since Cotton Rosser bought the \u003ca href=\"http://www.flyingurodeo.com/\">Flying U Rodeo Company\u003c/a> 60 years ago, he has become a legend in the rodeo world. Everyone knows his name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The loveliest people are in rodeos,\" says Rosser. \"They do it because they love it, and it’s a Western way of life. They love the animals and the horses and the outdoors, and the atmosphere of rodeo is just barbecues and fun.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 89 years old, Rosser has been honored by nearly every cowboy, rodeo or rancher hall of fame there is. He has a place in the Hall of Great Westerners, alongside John Wayne, Ronald Reagan and Dwight D. Eisenhower. But he was actually born a city kid in Long Beach in 1928.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/286660324\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He grew up reading books about cowboys and watching Gene Autry, Will Rogers and Hopalong Cassidy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to be a cowboy my whole life,” says Rosser. He was barely a teenager when he got a job on Santa Catalina Island, on a ranch owned by William Wrigley of chewing gum fame. At the time there were no cowboys for hire -- they were off fighting in World War II. So they gave young Cotton Rosser a chance, since he only had school half-days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to clean stalls, clean the manure, and they let me ride a donkey named Jack,” says Rosser. And the donkey was just the beginning. Soon, he graduated to riding bulls and saddle broncs, and by the time he was a student at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, he turned pro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosser competed in rodeos all over the country. “[The] Cow Palace, Las Vegas, Reno, Calgary Stampede,” he says. “All the rodeos -- Cheyenne, [and] Pendleton.” In 1951, he even won the Grand National Rodeo’s all-around cowboy title.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in 1955, he broke both his legs in an accident while digging post holes on his Marysville ranch north of Sacramento. That ended his rodeo career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11120094\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11120094\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21373_Cotton-and-kids-3-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Cotton Rosser greets children in the stands at the Folsom Pro Rodeo in Folsom, CA. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1484\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21373_Cotton-and-kids-3-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21373_Cotton-and-kids-3-qut-400x309.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21373_Cotton-and-kids-3-qut-800x618.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21373_Cotton-and-kids-3-qut-1180x912.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21373_Cotton-and-kids-3-qut-960x742.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cotton Rosser greets children in the stands at the Folsom Pro Rodeo in Folsom, California. \u003ccite>(Rich Ruef/Flying U Rodeo Company)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“[It was the] best thing that ever happened to me,” Rosser says. He bought the Flying U Rodeo Company and started his career putting on shows and raising rodeo animals. Today, the Flying U is the oldest continually operating stock contracting company in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since he joined the rodeo world in the 1940s, Rosser has seen the sport change, and at times it seemed like fans were slipping away. To bring more people to the arena, the Flying U Rodeo Company got creative. It added high production value, loud rock 'n' roll, audience engagement and freestyle motocross -- dirt bike riders performing flips off tall ramps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in recent years, Cotton says these new attractions have boosted attendance. That includes the Grand National Rodeo at the Cow Palace. Rosser says last year’s rodeo broke a 10-year attendance record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelley Ferreira is a special projects coordinator at the Cow Palace, and he’s known Cotton Rosser for 30 years. Ferreira and his colleagues are busy getting ready for the Grand National later this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very action-packed,” he says. “It’s always something new [the Flying U Rodeo Company] brings in to energize the crowd. They put on a fabulous rodeo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cotton Rosser will be at the Cow Palace for the upcoming Grand National Rodeo, but he won’t be running things quite like he used to. In the past several years, his son, Reno Rosser, has taken the reins of the family business. But the elder Rosser says there’s no question he’s going to stay involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People catch up with you if you slow down,” says Cotton Rosser. “I love what I do.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published on Oct. 9, 2016.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Later this month, 30,000 spectators will descend on San Francisco’s Cow Palace for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cowpalace.com/p/grandnational\">Grand National Rodeo\u003c/a>. Since 1941, the Grand National has hosted livestock shows, team roping and bull riding, attracting country and city dwellers from around California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what most spectators won’t know is that one man has produced this and nearly every other rodeo in the Golden State at one time or another. Since Cotton Rosser bought the \u003ca href=\"http://www.flyingurodeo.com/\">Flying U Rodeo Company\u003c/a> 60 years ago, he has become a legend in the rodeo world. Everyone knows his name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The loveliest people are in rodeos,\" says Rosser. \"They do it because they love it, and it’s a Western way of life. They love the animals and the horses and the outdoors, and the atmosphere of rodeo is just barbecues and fun.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At 89 years old, Rosser has been honored by nearly every cowboy, rodeo or rancher hall of fame there is. He has a place in the Hall of Great Westerners, alongside John Wayne, Ronald Reagan and Dwight D. Eisenhower. But he was actually born a city kid in Long Beach in 1928.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/286660324&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/286660324'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He grew up reading books about cowboys and watching Gene Autry, Will Rogers and Hopalong Cassidy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted to be a cowboy my whole life,” says Rosser. He was barely a teenager when he got a job on Santa Catalina Island, on a ranch owned by William Wrigley of chewing gum fame. At the time there were no cowboys for hire -- they were off fighting in World War II. So they gave young Cotton Rosser a chance, since he only had school half-days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I used to clean stalls, clean the manure, and they let me ride a donkey named Jack,” says Rosser. And the donkey was just the beginning. Soon, he graduated to riding bulls and saddle broncs, and by the time he was a student at Cal Poly San Luis Obispo, he turned pro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rosser competed in rodeos all over the country. “[The] Cow Palace, Las Vegas, Reno, Calgary Stampede,” he says. “All the rodeos -- Cheyenne, [and] Pendleton.” In 1951, he even won the Grand National Rodeo’s all-around cowboy title.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, in 1955, he broke both his legs in an accident while digging post holes on his Marysville ranch north of Sacramento. That ended his rodeo career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11120094\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11120094\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21373_Cotton-and-kids-3-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Cotton Rosser greets children in the stands at the Folsom Pro Rodeo in Folsom, CA. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1484\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21373_Cotton-and-kids-3-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21373_Cotton-and-kids-3-qut-400x309.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21373_Cotton-and-kids-3-qut-800x618.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21373_Cotton-and-kids-3-qut-1180x912.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/10/RS21373_Cotton-and-kids-3-qut-960x742.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cotton Rosser greets children in the stands at the Folsom Pro Rodeo in Folsom, California. \u003ccite>(Rich Ruef/Flying U Rodeo Company)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“[It was the] best thing that ever happened to me,” Rosser says. He bought the Flying U Rodeo Company and started his career putting on shows and raising rodeo animals. Today, the Flying U is the oldest continually operating stock contracting company in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since he joined the rodeo world in the 1940s, Rosser has seen the sport change, and at times it seemed like fans were slipping away. To bring more people to the arena, the Flying U Rodeo Company got creative. It added high production value, loud rock 'n' roll, audience engagement and freestyle motocross -- dirt bike riders performing flips off tall ramps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in recent years, Cotton says these new attractions have boosted attendance. That includes the Grand National Rodeo at the Cow Palace. Rosser says last year’s rodeo broke a 10-year attendance record.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelley Ferreira is a special projects coordinator at the Cow Palace, and he’s known Cotton Rosser for 30 years. Ferreira and his colleagues are busy getting ready for the Grand National later this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s very action-packed,” he says. “It’s always something new [the Flying U Rodeo Company] brings in to energize the crowd. They put on a fabulous rodeo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cotton Rosser will be at the Cow Palace for the upcoming Grand National Rodeo, but he won’t be running things quite like he used to. In the past several years, his son, Reno Rosser, has taken the reins of the family business. But the elder Rosser says there’s no question he’s going to stay involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People catch up with you if you slow down,” says Cotton Rosser. “I love what I do.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Jon Holcomb is an old-time urchin diver with the leathery skin of a man who spends a lot of time on his boat. On a sunny morning in August, he motors out to a cove by the town of Mendocino, and squints across the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was solid kelp,” says Holcomb. “When we first came here in the mid-’80s, this was a complete mat, you couldn’t swim through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, it’s devoid of kelp,” he says. “It’s like a lake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 42 years, Holcomb has made his living diving for red urchins. Their buttery insides are a delicacy in Japanese restaurants where they show up on menus as uni.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11202020\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11202020\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Holcomb shows the insides of an empty purple urchin, surviving without much kelp to eat.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Holcomb shows the insides of an empty purple urchin, surviving without much kelp to eat. \u003ccite>(Carrie Boyle/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Urchins live off kelp, and in the last three years the kelp forests on the Northern California coast have collapsed. Income for local red urchin divers has plummeted by 90 percent in three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without kelp you lose all your shellfishery. You lose the abalone fishery, you lose the urchin fishery,” says Holcomb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kelp here has been devoured by a different kind of urchin: purple urchins. They’re smaller, less meaty and not worth fishing for. And they’re voracious eaters of kelp.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The kelp forest has just gotten it from all sides.’\u003ccite>Cynthia Catton, marine biologist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Nothing can survive their appetite,” says Holcomb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, many parts of Northern California’s coast have turned into what scientists call an urchin barren. There’s not much life besides a mass of spiny purple creatures carpeting the seafloor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are starving animals that don’t die from starvation,” says Holcomb. “They just keep breeding and there’s more and more of them every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A ‘Perfect Storm’\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelp beds play a key role in marine ecology. The fast-growing seaweed is a food source for many undersea animals. It also forms a habitat for young fish that hide in its stalks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The size of kelp forests normally varies from year to year. But Cynthia Catton, a marine biologist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, says that in decades of observation, such low levels are unprecedented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in a new phase,” says Catton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what happened?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catton says that the kelp forests were hit by a “perfect storm” of factors. “The kelp forest has just gotten it from all sides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first blow began in 2013, with a wasting disease that devastated sea star population along the entire Pacific Coast of North America. They are the urchins’ main predator. With sea stars in decline, purple urchins went on a kelp-eating rampage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a friend who calls them the goats of the sea,” says Catton. “They form these feeding fronts and they just munch through everywhere they’re walking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next problem: Kelp need cold water. In 2014, oceanographers noticed an unusual warming in the Northern Pacific — even more than could be explained by climate science. For lack of a better term, they called it the “warm blob.” Then, last year’s El Niño made the water even warmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catton’s team saw the kelp forests between the Bay Area and the Oregon border shrink by 93 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11202032\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11202032\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Marine biologist Cynthia Catton meets divers Carson Bell and Jon Holcomb on a seafood processing dock in Fort Bragg.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marine biologist Cynthia Catton meets divers Carson Bell and Jon Holcomb on a seafood processing dock in Fort Bragg. \u003ccite>(Carrie Boyle/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Restoring the Kelp Forest\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shellfish divers are not always the closest allies with the agencies that monitor their fishing. As Jon Holcomb puts it, “we’re resource users, and they’re resource protectors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now they share the same goal: restoring the kelp forest ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holcomb and a few other divers have volunteered to help biologist Catton with a restoration effort. They’ve been diving underwater to remove masses of purple urchins from a few test sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re hoping that in those sites, their effort to remove urchins will allow kelp to grow back in the spring. The challenge is collecting thousands of urchins at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back out on his boat near Mendocino, Holcomb assembles the device he’s developed for just this purpose. He slaps together 10-foot-long pieces of fiberglass tubing to make a sort of underwater vacuum cleaner.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s much like trying to scratch the paint off a house with a pin. It’s not gonna be easy.’\u003ccite>Jon Holcomb, urchin diver\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Not real pretty,” he says, adjusting the tube. “I didn’t get carried away here on the aesthetics of this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a modified version of a tool called an airlift, which is used to clear sand and silt from the seafloor. This one is built for purple urchins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holcomb puts on his scuba gear, and connects the pipes to an air compressor on deck. Then he dives down with the equipment to depths of about 30 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaXExXw4R0A\">videos\u003c/a> he’s made of his process, the seafloor looks like a minefield of spiky purple creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holcomb uses a little metal rake to scrape the urchins off the rocks, and into his fiberglass tube. The device sucks the urchins up, and deposits them into a large net.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This day, it takes him almost two hours to clear off an area smaller than a tennis court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he finally comes up, his net is packed with thousands of purple urchins with wiggly spines. They’re much lighter than the same number of urchins would be in a healthy kelp forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holcomb smashes one open to show that there’s no flesh inside. “They’re all empty,” says Holcomb. “There’s no food value in them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11202000\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11202000\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Jon Holcomb, a veteran diver with his urchin airlift.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jon Holcomb, a veteran diver with his urchin airlift. \u003ccite>(Carrie Boyle/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We head back to a dock in Fort Bragg, where Catton has brought a group of local volunteers to count and measure the urchins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to be able to say, ‘How much effort does this take?’ ” says Catton. “‘How effective is this on a small scale? How can we expand this effectively? And if not, what do we need to do differently?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a few months, her team will return to the test sites to find out if the divers’ efforts have allowed kelp to grow back. But even if their experiment succeeds, the problem of restoring the coastline is vast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s much like trying to scratch the paint off a house with a pin,” says Holcomb. “It’s not gonna be easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently though, a few changes in the ocean may point towards a recovery for the kelp forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warm blob in the Pacific has abated. The storms of the last few months have cooled off the ocean, and water temperatures are closer to normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, many sea star populations along the coast appear to be recovering. If they survive to adulthood without dying of the wasting disease, they could help bring back the balance of the ecosystem — eating the urchins that have been eating the kelp.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Jon Holcomb is an old-time urchin diver with the leathery skin of a man who spends a lot of time on his boat. On a sunny morning in August, he motors out to a cove by the town of Mendocino, and squints across the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This was solid kelp,” says Holcomb. “When we first came here in the mid-’80s, this was a complete mat, you couldn’t swim through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And now?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, it’s devoid of kelp,” he says. “It’s like a lake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For 42 years, Holcomb has made his living diving for red urchins. Their buttery insides are a delicacy in Japanese restaurants where they show up on menus as uni.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11202020\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11202020\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Holcomb shows the insides of an empty purple urchin, surviving without much kelp to eat.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20924_IMG_1735-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Holcomb shows the insides of an empty purple urchin, surviving without much kelp to eat. \u003ccite>(Carrie Boyle/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Urchins live off kelp, and in the last three years the kelp forests on the Northern California coast have collapsed. Income for local red urchin divers has plummeted by 90 percent in three years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Without kelp you lose all your shellfishery. You lose the abalone fishery, you lose the urchin fishery,” says Holcomb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The kelp here has been devoured by a different kind of urchin: purple urchins. They’re smaller, less meaty and not worth fishing for. And they’re voracious eaters of kelp.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘The kelp forest has just gotten it from all sides.’\u003ccite>Cynthia Catton, marine biologist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Nothing can survive their appetite,” says Holcomb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, many parts of Northern California’s coast have turned into what scientists call an urchin barren. There’s not much life besides a mass of spiny purple creatures carpeting the seafloor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are starving animals that don’t die from starvation,” says Holcomb. “They just keep breeding and there’s more and more of them every year.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>A ‘Perfect Storm’\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelp beds play a key role in marine ecology. The fast-growing seaweed is a food source for many undersea animals. It also forms a habitat for young fish that hide in its stalks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The size of kelp forests normally varies from year to year. But Cynthia Catton, a marine biologist with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife, says that in decades of observation, such low levels are unprecedented.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in a new phase,” says Catton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what happened?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catton says that the kelp forests were hit by a “perfect storm” of factors. “The kelp forest has just gotten it from all sides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first blow began in 2013, with a wasting disease that devastated sea star population along the entire Pacific Coast of North America. They are the urchins’ main predator. With sea stars in decline, purple urchins went on a kelp-eating rampage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have a friend who calls them the goats of the sea,” says Catton. “They form these feeding fronts and they just munch through everywhere they’re walking.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The next problem: Kelp need cold water. In 2014, oceanographers noticed an unusual warming in the Northern Pacific — even more than could be explained by climate science. For lack of a better term, they called it the “warm blob.” Then, last year’s El Niño made the water even warmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Catton’s team saw the kelp forests between the Bay Area and the Oregon border shrink by 93 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11202032\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11202032\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Marine biologist Cynthia Catton meets divers Carson Bell and Jon Holcomb on a seafood processing dock in Fort Bragg.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/RS20950_IMG_1862-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marine biologist Cynthia Catton meets divers Carson Bell and Jon Holcomb on a seafood processing dock in Fort Bragg. \u003ccite>(Carrie Boyle/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Restoring the Kelp Forest\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shellfish divers are not always the closest allies with the agencies that monitor their fishing. As Jon Holcomb puts it, “we’re resource users, and they’re resource protectors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now they share the same goal: restoring the kelp forest ecosystem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holcomb and a few other divers have volunteered to help biologist Catton with a restoration effort. They’ve been diving underwater to remove masses of purple urchins from a few test sites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’re hoping that in those sites, their effort to remove urchins will allow kelp to grow back in the spring. The challenge is collecting thousands of urchins at a time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back out on his boat near Mendocino, Holcomb assembles the device he’s developed for just this purpose. He slaps together 10-foot-long pieces of fiberglass tubing to make a sort of underwater vacuum cleaner.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s much like trying to scratch the paint off a house with a pin. It’s not gonna be easy.’\u003ccite>Jon Holcomb, urchin diver\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Not real pretty,” he says, adjusting the tube. “I didn’t get carried away here on the aesthetics of this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a modified version of a tool called an airlift, which is used to clear sand and silt from the seafloor. This one is built for purple urchins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holcomb puts on his scuba gear, and connects the pipes to an air compressor on deck. Then he dives down with the equipment to depths of about 30 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AaXExXw4R0A\">videos\u003c/a> he’s made of his process, the seafloor looks like a minefield of spiky purple creatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holcomb uses a little metal rake to scrape the urchins off the rocks, and into his fiberglass tube. The device sucks the urchins up, and deposits them into a large net.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This day, it takes him almost two hours to clear off an area smaller than a tennis court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he finally comes up, his net is packed with thousands of purple urchins with wiggly spines. They’re much lighter than the same number of urchins would be in a healthy kelp forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holcomb smashes one open to show that there’s no flesh inside. “They’re all empty,” says Holcomb. “There’s no food value in them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11202000\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11202000\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Jon Holcomb, a veteran diver with his urchin airlift.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/RS20910_IMG_1586-qut-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jon Holcomb, a veteran diver with his urchin airlift. \u003ccite>(Carrie Boyle/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We head back to a dock in Fort Bragg, where Catton has brought a group of local volunteers to count and measure the urchins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to be able to say, ‘How much effort does this take?’ ” says Catton. “‘How effective is this on a small scale? How can we expand this effectively? And if not, what do we need to do differently?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a few months, her team will return to the test sites to find out if the divers’ efforts have allowed kelp to grow back. But even if their experiment succeeds, the problem of restoring the coastline is vast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s much like trying to scratch the paint off a house with a pin,” says Holcomb. “It’s not gonna be easy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently though, a few changes in the ocean may point towards a recovery for the kelp forest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The warm blob in the Pacific has abated. The storms of the last few months have cooled off the ocean, and water temperatures are closer to normal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, many sea star populations along the coast appear to be recovering. If they survive to adulthood without dying of the wasting disease, they could help bring back the balance of the ecosystem — eating the urchins that have been eating the kelp.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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