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"content": "\u003cp>Who’s responsible when a driverless car runs over a pedestrian? Or a social media platform steers housing ads away from African Americans? These real-world outcomes driven by artificial intelligence are cropping up before politicians and regulators can get up to speed. At least, here in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='technology, AI' label='The Future of Tech']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The European Commission isn’t rolling out any laws governing artificial intelligence right away, but it looks likely it will eventually. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As is the case with all technologies, AI raises a number of concerns that need to be tackled. If we are not vigilant, the use of AI may lead to undesirable outcomes — intended or not,” wrote \u003ca href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/pekka-ala-pietila\">Pekka Ala-Pietilä\u003c/a>, the chair of the EU’s High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence, in a recent \u003ca href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/blogposts/towards-trustworthy-ai-ethics-competitiveness-go-hand-hand\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a> on the European Commission website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group collected ideas from 50-plus experts and \u003ca href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/draft-ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a report\u003c/a> last December. This week, after receiving more than 500 comments in response, the group issued \u003ca href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ethics guidelines\u003c/a> for trustworthy artificial intelligence. Here are the “key requirements” for assessing AI:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Human agency and oversight:\u003c/strong> AI systems should enable equitable societies by supporting human agency and fundamental rights, and not decrease, limit or misguide human autonomy.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Robustness and safety:\u003c/strong> Trustworthy AI requires algorithms to be secure, reliable and robust enough to deal with errors or inconsistencies during all life cycle phases of AI systems.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Privacy and data governance:\u003c/strong> Citizens should have full control over their own data, while data concerning them will not be used to harm or discriminate against them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Transparency:\u003c/strong> The traceability of AI systems should be ensured.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Diversity, non-discrimination and fairness:\u003c/strong> AI systems should consider the whole range of human abilities, skills and requirements, and ensure accessibility.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Societal and environmental well-being:\u003c/strong> AI systems should be used to enhance positive social change and enhance sustainability and ecological responsibility.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Accountability:\u003c/strong> Mechanisms should be put in place to ensure responsibility and accountability for AI systems and their outcomes.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“One thing that jumped out at me was the sixth principle, which is societal and environmental well-being,” said assistant professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.danielsusser.info\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daniel Susser\u003c/a>, who specializes in technology and ethics at Penn State. He’s excited that Europeans are starting to ask the tough questions about what we want companies like Google and Amazon to be responsible for as they dream up potential futures for us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Regulating, especially regulating technology, is generally thought of as an attempt to articulate what companies should not do,” Susser said. “We also want to articulate a positive notion of what sort of world we want technology to be helping us build — and I think that will need to [hashed] out more specifically, but I’m happy to see it in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next steps include a \u003ca href=\"http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-19-1893_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pilot program\u003c/a> to develop draft rules to roll out this summer. Whether the Europeans inspire U.S. politicians and regulators to follow suit is unclear. Americans have been singularly slow to consider a wide range of regulation issues around technology. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg has repeatedly apologized to federal lawmakers for various failings of the social media giant, but there are no laws to force change from his company and others in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, one 14-year-old committed suicide in Britain inspired by what she saw online, and UK regulators \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-tech-regulation/britain-plans-social-media-regulation-to-battle-harmful-content-idUSKCN1RJ0QP\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed new laws\u003c/a> to slap penalties on social media companies and technology firms if they fail to protect users from harmful content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say American companies driving much of the world’s AI won’t be able to ignore what happens in Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts also say no regulation is not an option we want to accept. Private industry \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11738391/tech-giants-initiatives-to-address-ai-ethics-concerns-under-scrutiny\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has encountered blowback\u003c/a> over its attempts at self-regulation. As \u003ca href=\"https://mila.quebec/en/yoshua-bengio/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yoshua Bengio\u003c/a>, a computer scientist and winner of the 2018 Turing Award for his work on deep learning, told the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00505-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Self-regulation is not going to work. Do you think that voluntary taxation works? It doesn’t. Companies that follow ethical guidelines would be disadvantaged with respect to the companies that do not. It’s like driving. Whether it’s on the left or the right side, everybody needs to drive in the same way; otherwise, we’re in trouble.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Who’s responsible when a driverless car runs over a pedestrian? Or a social media platform steers housing ads away from African Americans? These real-world outcomes driven by artificial intelligence are cropping up before politicians and regulators can get up to speed. At least, here in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The European Commission isn’t rolling out any laws governing artificial intelligence right away, but it looks likely it will eventually. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As is the case with all technologies, AI raises a number of concerns that need to be tackled. If we are not vigilant, the use of AI may lead to undesirable outcomes — intended or not,” wrote \u003ca href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/pekka-ala-pietila\">Pekka Ala-Pietilä\u003c/a>, the chair of the EU’s High-Level Expert Group on Artificial Intelligence, in a recent \u003ca href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/blogposts/towards-trustworthy-ai-ethics-competitiveness-go-hand-hand\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement\u003c/a> on the European Commission website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group collected ideas from 50-plus experts and \u003ca href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/draft-ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">issued a report\u003c/a> last December. This week, after receiving more than 500 comments in response, the group issued \u003ca href=\"https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/ethics-guidelines-trustworthy-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ethics guidelines\u003c/a> for trustworthy artificial intelligence. Here are the “key requirements” for assessing AI:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Human agency and oversight:\u003c/strong> AI systems should enable equitable societies by supporting human agency and fundamental rights, and not decrease, limit or misguide human autonomy.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Robustness and safety:\u003c/strong> Trustworthy AI requires algorithms to be secure, reliable and robust enough to deal with errors or inconsistencies during all life cycle phases of AI systems.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Privacy and data governance:\u003c/strong> Citizens should have full control over their own data, while data concerning them will not be used to harm or discriminate against them.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Transparency:\u003c/strong> The traceability of AI systems should be ensured.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Diversity, non-discrimination and fairness:\u003c/strong> AI systems should consider the whole range of human abilities, skills and requirements, and ensure accessibility.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Societal and environmental well-being:\u003c/strong> AI systems should be used to enhance positive social change and enhance sustainability and ecological responsibility.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Accountability:\u003c/strong> Mechanisms should be put in place to ensure responsibility and accountability for AI systems and their outcomes.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“One thing that jumped out at me was the sixth principle, which is societal and environmental well-being,” said assistant professor \u003ca href=\"http://www.danielsusser.info\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Daniel Susser\u003c/a>, who specializes in technology and ethics at Penn State. He’s excited that Europeans are starting to ask the tough questions about what we want companies like Google and Amazon to be responsible for as they dream up potential futures for us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Regulating, especially regulating technology, is generally thought of as an attempt to articulate what companies should not do,” Susser said. “We also want to articulate a positive notion of what sort of world we want technology to be helping us build — and I think that will need to [hashed] out more specifically, but I’m happy to see it in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Next steps include a \u003ca href=\"http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_IP-19-1893_en.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">pilot program\u003c/a> to develop draft rules to roll out this summer. Whether the Europeans inspire U.S. politicians and regulators to follow suit is unclear. Americans have been singularly slow to consider a wide range of regulation issues around technology. Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg has repeatedly apologized to federal lawmakers for various failings of the social media giant, but there are no laws to force change from his company and others in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, one 14-year-old committed suicide in Britain inspired by what she saw online, and UK regulators \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-britain-tech-regulation/britain-plans-social-media-regulation-to-battle-harmful-content-idUSKCN1RJ0QP\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proposed new laws\u003c/a> to slap penalties on social media companies and technology firms if they fail to protect users from harmful content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts say American companies driving much of the world’s AI won’t be able to ignore what happens in Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Experts also say no regulation is not an option we want to accept. Private industry \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11738391/tech-giants-initiatives-to-address-ai-ethics-concerns-under-scrutiny\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has encountered blowback\u003c/a> over its attempts at self-regulation. As \u003ca href=\"https://mila.quebec/en/yoshua-bengio/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yoshua Bengio\u003c/a>, a computer scientist and winner of the 2018 Turing Award for his work on deep learning, told the journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-00505-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nature\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Self-regulation is not going to work. Do you think that voluntary taxation works? It doesn’t. Companies that follow ethical guidelines would be disadvantaged with respect to the companies that do not. It’s like driving. Whether it’s on the left or the right side, everybody needs to drive in the same way; otherwise, we’re in trouble.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The biggest tech companies want you to know that they're taking special care to ensure that their use of artificial intelligence to sift through mountains of data, analyze faces or build virtual assistants doesn't spill over to the dark side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their efforts to assuage concerns that their machines may be used for nefarious ends have not been universally embraced. Some skeptics see it as mere window dressing by corporations more interested in profit than what's in society's best interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ethical AI\" has become a new corporate buzz phrase, slapped on internal review committees, fancy job titles, research projects and philanthropic initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moves are meant to address concerns over racial and gender bias emerging in facial recognition and other AI systems, as well as address anxieties about job losses to the technology and its use by law enforcement and the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how much substance lies behind the increasingly public ethics campaigns? And who gets to decide which technological pursuits do no harm?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google was hit with both questions when it formed a new board of outside advisers in late March to help guide how it uses AI in products. But instead of winning over potential critics, it sparked internal rancor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little more than a week later, Google bowed to pressure from the backlash and dissolved the council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outside board fell apart in stages. One of the board's eight inaugural members quit within days and another quickly became the target of protests from Google employees who said her conservative views don't align with the company's professed values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As thousands of employees called for the removal of Heritage Foundation President Kay Coles James, Google \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/jilliandonfro/2019/04/04/google-cancels-its-ai-ethics-board-less-than-two-weeks-after-launch-in-the-wake-of-employee-protest/#1f0aeb396e28\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">disbanded the board\u003c/a> last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employees said James has made past comments that were anti-trans and anti-immigrant and should not be on an ethics panel. The Heritage Foundation did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote citation='Ben Wagner, AI researcher'] \"It's basically an attempt to pretend like you're doing ethical things and using ethics as a tool to reach an end, like avoiding regulation.\" [/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's become clear that in the current environment, (the council) can't function as we wanted,\" the company said in a statement. That environment is one of increasing concern that the corporate AI ethics campaigns lack teeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think (Google's decision) reflects a broader public understanding that ethics involves more than just creating an ethics board without an institutional framework to provide for accountability,\" AI researcher Ben Wagner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google's original initiative fell into a tech industry trend that Wagner calls \"ethics-washing,\" which he describes as a superficial effort that's mostly a show for the public or lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's basically an attempt to pretend like you're doing ethical things and using ethics as a tool to reach an end, like avoiding regulation,\" said Wagner, an assistant professor at the Vienna University of Economics and Business. \"It's a new form of self-regulation without calling it that by name.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big companies have made an increasingly visible effort to discuss their AI efforts in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microsoft, which often tries to position itself as an industry leader on ethics and privacy issues, published its principles around developing AI, released a short book that discussed the societal implications of the technology and has called for some government regulation of AI technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's president even met with Pope Francis earlier this year to discuss industry ethics. Amazon recently announced it is helping fund federal research into \"algorithmic fairness,\" and Salesforce employs an \"architect\" for ethical AI practice, as well as a \"chief ethical and human use\" officer. It's hard to find a brand-name tech firm without similar initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a good thing that companies are studying the issue and seeking perspectives on industry ethics, said Oren Etzioni, CEO of the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, a research organization.[aside tag='technology, AI' label='The Future of Tech']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ultimately, he said, a company's CEO is tasked with deciding what suggestions on AI ethics to incorporate in business decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think overall it's a positive step rather than a fig leaf,\" he said. \"That said, the proof is in successful implementation. I think the jury is still out on that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact artificial intelligence can have on society has never been more clear, Etzioni said, and companies are reacting to studies about the power of recommendation algorithms and gender bias in AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Google's attempt shows, discussing the issues in the public eye also invites public scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google employees have had more success than other tech workers at demanding change at their company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The internet search behemoth dropped a contract with the Pentagon after employees pushed back on the ethical implications of using the company's AI technology to analyze drone video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And after more than 2,400 Google employees signed a petition calling for James to be taken off the board, Google scrapped the board altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google had also faced dissent from its chosen councilmembers. Alessandro Acquisti, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ssnstudy/status/1112099099124350976\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">announced on Twitter\u003c/a> he was declining the invitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ssnstudy/status/1112099054551515138\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He wrote that he is devoted to grappling fairness and inclusion in AI, but this was not the \"the right forum for me to engage in this important work.\" He declined to comment further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One expert who had committed to staying on the council is Joanna Bryson, associate professor in computing at the University of Bath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A self-described liberal, she said before the dissolution that it makes sense to have political diversity on the panel, and she didn't agree with those who think it's just for show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just don't think Google is that stupid,\" Bryson said. \"I don't think they're there just to have a poster on a wall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said, however, that companies like Google and Microsoft do have a real concern about liability — meaning they want to make sure they show themselves, and the public, that they've tried their best to build products the right way before releasing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just the right thing to do, it's the thing they need to do,\" she said. Bryson said she was hopeful Google actually wanted to brainstorm hard problems and should find another way to do so after the council dissolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear what Google will do next. The company said its \"going back to the drawing board\" and would find other ways of getting outside opinions.[pullquote align='left' citation='Joanna Bryson, University of Bath associate professor'] \"It's not just the right thing to do, it's the thing they need to do.\" [/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wagner said now would be the time for Google to set up ethics principles that include commitments they must stick to, external oversight and other checkpoints to hold them accountable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if companies keep setting up external boards to oversee AI responsibility, government regulation will still be needed, said Liz O'Sullivan, a tech worker who left AI company Clarifai over the company's work in the Pentagon's Project Maven — the same project that Google dropped after its employees protested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Sullivan is wary of boards that can make suggestions that companies are under no legal obligation to stick to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Every company of that size that states they're interested in having some sort of oversight that has no ability or authority to restrict or restrain company behavior seems like they're doing it for the press of it all,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The biggest tech companies want you to know that they're taking special care to ensure that their use of artificial intelligence to sift through mountains of data, analyze faces or build virtual assistants doesn't spill over to the dark side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But their efforts to assuage concerns that their machines may be used for nefarious ends have not been universally embraced. Some skeptics see it as mere window dressing by corporations more interested in profit than what's in society's best interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Ethical AI\" has become a new corporate buzz phrase, slapped on internal review committees, fancy job titles, research projects and philanthropic initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moves are meant to address concerns over racial and gender bias emerging in facial recognition and other AI systems, as well as address anxieties about job losses to the technology and its use by law enforcement and the military.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But how much substance lies behind the increasingly public ethics campaigns? And who gets to decide which technological pursuits do no harm?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google was hit with both questions when it formed a new board of outside advisers in late March to help guide how it uses AI in products. But instead of winning over potential critics, it sparked internal rancor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A little more than a week later, Google bowed to pressure from the backlash and dissolved the council.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outside board fell apart in stages. One of the board's eight inaugural members quit within days and another quickly became the target of protests from Google employees who said her conservative views don't align with the company's professed values.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As thousands of employees called for the removal of Heritage Foundation President Kay Coles James, Google \u003ca href=\"https://www.forbes.com/sites/jilliandonfro/2019/04/04/google-cancels-its-ai-ethics-board-less-than-two-weeks-after-launch-in-the-wake-of-employee-protest/#1f0aeb396e28\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">disbanded the board\u003c/a> last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Employees said James has made past comments that were anti-trans and anti-immigrant and should not be on an ethics panel. The Heritage Foundation did not respond to a request for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": " \"It's basically an attempt to pretend like you're doing ethical things and using ethics as a tool to reach an end, like avoiding regulation.\" ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's become clear that in the current environment, (the council) can't function as we wanted,\" the company said in a statement. That environment is one of increasing concern that the corporate AI ethics campaigns lack teeth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think (Google's decision) reflects a broader public understanding that ethics involves more than just creating an ethics board without an institutional framework to provide for accountability,\" AI researcher Ben Wagner said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google's original initiative fell into a tech industry trend that Wagner calls \"ethics-washing,\" which he describes as a superficial effort that's mostly a show for the public or lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's basically an attempt to pretend like you're doing ethical things and using ethics as a tool to reach an end, like avoiding regulation,\" said Wagner, an assistant professor at the Vienna University of Economics and Business. \"It's a new form of self-regulation without calling it that by name.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Big companies have made an increasingly visible effort to discuss their AI efforts in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Microsoft, which often tries to position itself as an industry leader on ethics and privacy issues, published its principles around developing AI, released a short book that discussed the societal implications of the technology and has called for some government regulation of AI technologies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company's president even met with Pope Francis earlier this year to discuss industry ethics. Amazon recently announced it is helping fund federal research into \"algorithmic fairness,\" and Salesforce employs an \"architect\" for ethical AI practice, as well as a \"chief ethical and human use\" officer. It's hard to find a brand-name tech firm without similar initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a good thing that companies are studying the issue and seeking perspectives on industry ethics, said Oren Etzioni, CEO of the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, a research organization.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But ultimately, he said, a company's CEO is tasked with deciding what suggestions on AI ethics to incorporate in business decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think overall it's a positive step rather than a fig leaf,\" he said. \"That said, the proof is in successful implementation. I think the jury is still out on that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The impact artificial intelligence can have on society has never been more clear, Etzioni said, and companies are reacting to studies about the power of recommendation algorithms and gender bias in AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as Google's attempt shows, discussing the issues in the public eye also invites public scrutiny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google employees have had more success than other tech workers at demanding change at their company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The internet search behemoth dropped a contract with the Pentagon after employees pushed back on the ethical implications of using the company's AI technology to analyze drone video.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And after more than 2,400 Google employees signed a petition calling for James to be taken off the board, Google scrapped the board altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google had also faced dissent from its chosen councilmembers. Alessandro Acquisti, a professor at Carnegie Mellon University, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ssnstudy/status/1112099099124350976\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">announced on Twitter\u003c/a> he was declining the invitation.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>He wrote that he is devoted to grappling fairness and inclusion in AI, but this was not the \"the right forum for me to engage in this important work.\" He declined to comment further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One expert who had committed to staying on the council is Joanna Bryson, associate professor in computing at the University of Bath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A self-described liberal, she said before the dissolution that it makes sense to have political diversity on the panel, and she didn't agree with those who think it's just for show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just don't think Google is that stupid,\" Bryson said. \"I don't think they're there just to have a poster on a wall.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said, however, that companies like Google and Microsoft do have a real concern about liability — meaning they want to make sure they show themselves, and the public, that they've tried their best to build products the right way before releasing them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's not just the right thing to do, it's the thing they need to do,\" she said. Bryson said she was hopeful Google actually wanted to brainstorm hard problems and should find another way to do so after the council dissolved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's unclear what Google will do next. The company said its \"going back to the drawing board\" and would find other ways of getting outside opinions.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wagner said now would be the time for Google to set up ethics principles that include commitments they must stick to, external oversight and other checkpoints to hold them accountable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if companies keep setting up external boards to oversee AI responsibility, government regulation will still be needed, said Liz O'Sullivan, a tech worker who left AI company Clarifai over the company's work in the Pentagon's Project Maven — the same project that Google dropped after its employees protested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>O'Sullivan is wary of boards that can make suggestions that companies are under no legal obligation to stick to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For years, big tech has been given a pretty free rein by Capitol Hill to act as they chose: Congressional oversight of the industry largely focused on whether there was political bias on various platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in a reversal, Congress is holding oversight hearings this week, and lawmakers are proposing regulations to crack down on how big tech companies use and resell their customers’ personal information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change is driven in part by the new Democratic majority in the House, along with younger and more tech-savvy lawmakers in both parties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>“They want to know”\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The constant \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/you-give-apps-sensitive-personal-information-then-they-tell-facebook-11550851636\">stream of reports\u003c/a> about how data is being used by companies like Facebook and Google (both of which have been NPR funders) shows that self-regulation hasn’t worked, said Rep. Jan Schakowsky, D-Ill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the last two weeks alone, we learned that Facebook exposed individuals’ private health information that consumers thought was in a protected closed group,” Schakowsky told NPR, “and collected data from third-party apps … on issues as personal as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/27/697026827/storing-health-records-on-your-phone-can-apple-live-up-to-its-privacy-values\">women’s menstrual cycles and cancer treatment\u003c/a>.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legislation is needed “that sets the terms on privacy. And I think what consumers really want is transparency. They want to know what’s actually being collected. They want some control and then they want some accountability,” said Schakowsky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\" align=”right” citation=\"Sen. Josh Hawley, Missouri Republican\"]‘What’s complicated is you don’t allow consumers to stop your tracking of them. You tell them that you do … but in fact you’re still gathering the information.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There aren’t many issues in Congress with bipartisan support these days, but the need for stricter privacy rules for tech companies is one. Republicans agree it’s time to set some limits on what big tech companies can do with personal data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Greg Walden, R-Ore., the ranking member on the House Energy and Commerce Committee, said he has “not met a single American who has ever fully read the fine print of some sort of agreement when you download an app or get an update.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know you’re going to update it and you’re going to push agree, and you’re not reading the privacy policy of that company,” he said. “And the question is, did they even follow their own privacy policies or are the privacy policies adequate?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s complicated\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Across the Capitol, at a Senate Judiciary Committee hearing on Tuesday, freshman Sen. Josh Hawley grilled Google’s senior privacy counsel on the company’s location tracking policy for its Android mobile operating system, noting that phone users can’t turn off the location-tracking function.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Do you think an average consumer who uses your products fully understands Google builds a profile about her, tracks where she goes to work, tracks where her boyfriend lives, tracks where she goes to church, tracks when she goes to the doctor?” the Missouri Republican asked Will DeVries. “Do you think that an average consumer would anticipate that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeVries responded that Google has a duty “to communicate this information clearly,” adding, “I don’t believe we track that information at that level without communicating it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a complicated subject,” he said, because some of that data is needed to make the user’s phone operate properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hawley said, “What’s complicated is you don’t allow consumers to stop your tracking of them. You tell them that you do … but in fact you’re still gathering the information.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"small\" align=”right” citation=\"Dave Grimaldi of the Interactive Advertising Bureau\"]‘I think that changing or altering the Internet experience state to state would be something that would be a giant turnoff to consumers and just wouldn’t help anyone.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hawley and Sen. Ed Markey, D-Mass., introduced legislation to protect the online privacy of minors. The measure, \u003ca href=\"https://www.markey.senate.gov/news/press-releases/senators-markey-and-hawley-introduce-bipartisan-legislation-to-update-childrens-online-privacy-rules\">according to a press release from the senators\u003c/a>, would prohibit “internet companies from collecting personal and location information from anyone under 13 without parental consent and from anyone 13- to 15-years old without the user’s consent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of a number of bills expected to be introduced by lawmakers from both parties and chambers in the coming months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Getting states on the same page\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GOP lawmakers and the tech industry want to ensure that whatever steps Congress takes to enact privacy regulations supersede any measures enacted by the states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='online-privacy' label='More from our coverage of online privacy.']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has already \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/29/624336039/california-passes-strict-internet-privacy-law-with-implications-for-the-country\">approved its own strict privacy legislation\u003c/a>. Dave Grimaldi of the Interactive Advertising Bureau, which represents Facebook, Amazon (also an NPR funder) and Google among others, said the tech industry is willing to go along with new privacy regulations. But he told NPR that the industry can’t navigate 50 different laws, nor could consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Internet is global,” Grimaldi said. “It most certainly goes over state lines. And I think that changing or altering the Internet experience state to state would be something that would be a giant turnoff to consumers and just wouldn’t help anyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More scrutiny to come\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tech companies are facing a challenge on another front: The Federal Trade Commission last week announced a task force to take a look at recent industry mergers. Marc Rotenberg, president of the Electronic Privacy Information Center, said it’s long overdue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they probably should have set up that task force more than a decade ago,” Rotenberg said, “around the time they were approving the mergers that allowed for example Google to acquire DoubleClick, the big Internet advertising firm, or Facebook to acquire WhatsApp, which was a competing messaging service. Those deals should have been subject to much more scrutiny than they were at the time.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has already \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/29/624336039/california-passes-strict-internet-privacy-law-with-implications-for-the-country\">approved its own strict privacy legislation\u003c/a>. Dave Grimaldi of the Interactive Advertising Bureau, which represents Facebook, Amazon (also an NPR funder) and Google among others, said the tech industry is willing to go along with new privacy regulations. But he told NPR that the industry can’t navigate 50 different laws, nor could consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Internet is global,” Grimaldi said. “It most certainly goes over state lines. And I think that changing or altering the Internet experience state to state would be something that would be a giant turnoff to consumers and just wouldn’t help anyone.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More scrutiny to come\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tech companies are facing a challenge on another front: The Federal Trade Commission last week announced a task force to take a look at recent industry mergers. Marc Rotenberg, president of the Electronic Privacy Information Center, said it’s long overdue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think they probably should have set up that task force more than a decade ago,” Rotenberg said, “around the time they were approving the mergers that allowed for example Google to acquire DoubleClick, the big Internet advertising firm, or Facebook to acquire WhatsApp, which was a competing messaging service. Those deals should have been subject to much more scrutiny than they were at the time.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Over the weekend in Austin, Texas, South by Southwest became a major presidential forum. More than half a dozen candidates showed up to the annual music, arts and technology convention. Democrats competed with each other to be the tough-on-tech candidate, a development in line with the party’s move to the left but at odds with its reliance on tech donors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of fans cheered as Sen. Elizabeth Warren hopped on stage. She had just rallied in Queens, N.Y., where Amazon pulled its plan to build a new headquarters in the face of protest. Now, at a conference full of tech workers, she came with the same message: Break up the tech giants; they’re killing competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to keep that marketplace competitive, not let a giant who has an incredible information advantage and a manipulative advantage be able to snuff you out,” she said at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2019/02/25/texas-tribune-sxsw-conversations-america/\">political event\u003c/a> sponsored by SXSW and \u003cem>The Texas Tribune\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/702102576/702147941\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon is her Exhibit One. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The popular site for shopping is increasingly becoming the maker of products. AmazonBasics offers everything from bed frames and yoga mats to jumper cables. Warren is against a single company running the marketplace and manufacturing the goods sold because, according to her, that’s too much power in too few hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While consumers benefit from low prices, small businesses are losing. The audience broke into laughter and thunderous applause when Warren said that under her leadership, the losers would change. “The monopolist will make fewer monopoly profits. Boo hoo!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of scandal — privacy violations, election interference, mega hacks — Silicon Valley has emerged, early on, as a presidential campaign issue. Warren’s call is pushing her party to the left, a place where many Democrats aren’t ready to go given the party’s reliance on tech donors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 2018 midterms, \u003ca href=\"https://www.opensecrets.org/industries/contrib.php?ind=B\">tech companies clearly favored Democrats\u003c/a> over the GOP: 69 percent of Amazon money went to Democratic federal campaigns, as did 79 percent of Facebook money and 83 percent of Alphabet (parent company of Google) money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be awkward,” said Sheila Krumholz. “They’re doing a dance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krumholz directs the Center for Responsive Politics, which tracks campaign finance. The dance is this: appeal to voters to raise money online, but don’t burn bridges with top executives. “Not everyone will be able to depend on a strategy that deploys populist messages aimed at driving so many small online donations that together they provide a huge portion of the funds,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Kamala Harris, who’s leading Warren \u003ca href=\"https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2020/president/us/2020_democratic_presidential_nomination-6730.html\">in polls\u003c/a>, is one of the few candidates in the crowded primary with star power. Harris has spent years as a state attorney general and senator advocating for stronger data privacy. But her home base is California and, strategists say, Silicon Valley is the ATM. According Krumholz, Harris may be waiting to see whether the leftist position pays off or if a “more moderated approach” brings in more dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11730244,news_11729086\" label=\"Data Privacy in California\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another presidential candidate, Sen. Amy Klobuchar, wants to stand out for her track record taking on Silicon Valley. In 2018, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/individual-contributions/?two_year_transaction_period=2018&committee_id=C00410191&committee_id=C00431353&min_date=01%2F01%2F2017&max_date=12%2F31%2F2018&contributor_employer=amazon\">federal filings\u003c/a>, she received support from powerful tech donors including former Google chairman Eric Schmidt, Facebook Chief Operating Officer Sheryl Sandberg and Amazon’s top lawyer David Zapolsky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she also has aggressively sponsored bills in the Senate to regulate the industry, by \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/1812?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22klobuchar%22%5D%7D\">blocking mergers\u003c/a> and making it easier for \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/2728?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22klobuchar%22%5D%7D\">consumers to opt out of data collection\u003c/a>, among others. She came to SXSW with another bold new idea: every time a tech giant such as Facebook or Google makes ad money, by selling access to user eyeballs, make the company pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There should be some kind of a tax on it,” she said. She also acknowledged the tax proposal would not be popular among industry executives. “They’re going to scream when they hear this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she was not prepared to embrace the call to break up big tech companies, Klobuchar says she wants to “unleash” antitrust investigations and has \u003ca href=\"https://www.klobuchar.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2019/2/klobuchar-introduces-legislation-to-modernize-antitrust-enforcement-and-promote-competition\">sponsored legislation\u003c/a> to better fund federal regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Yang, a candidate virtually unknown outside tech circles, packed his room at SXSW. While he described Warren’s anti-monopoly position as “unimaginative” and “retrograde,” he too believes in taxing tech. Yang says because artificial intelligence is destroying jobs, the tech industry should pay for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/09/24/495186758/as-our-jobs-are-automated-some-say-well-need-a-guaranteed-basic-income\">universal basic income\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to start devising a system that helps more Americans share in the gains from growth in companies like Amazon, instead of just being able to access cheap goods,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic candidates are experimenting with how tech regulation translates into stump speeches. Klobuchar and Yang’s messages didn’t excite people as much as Warren’s blunter call. Her speech ended in a mob of adoring fans, including a few tech workers, who embraced her, pledging their support and money, and asking for selfies. As a party, the challenge will be to galvanize supporters in tech while taking on the industry. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Democratic+Candidates+Target+Tech+Giants%2C+Who+Are+Major+Party+Donors&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Over the weekend in Austin, Texas, South by Southwest became a major presidential forum. More than half a dozen candidates showed up to the annual music, arts and technology convention. Democrats competed with each other to be the tough-on-tech candidate, a development in line with the party’s move to the left but at odds with its reliance on tech donors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of fans cheered as Sen. Elizabeth Warren hopped on stage. She had just rallied in Queens, N.Y., where Amazon pulled its plan to build a new headquarters in the face of protest. Now, at a conference full of tech workers, she came with the same message: Break up the tech giants; they’re killing competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want to keep that marketplace competitive, not let a giant who has an incredible information advantage and a manipulative advantage be able to snuff you out,” she said at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.texastribune.org/2019/02/25/texas-tribune-sxsw-conversations-america/\">political event\u003c/a> sponsored by SXSW and \u003cem>The Texas Tribune\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/702102576/702147941\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon is her Exhibit One. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The popular site for shopping is increasingly becoming the maker of products. AmazonBasics offers everything from bed frames and yoga mats to jumper cables. Warren is against a single company running the marketplace and manufacturing the goods sold because, according to her, that’s too much power in too few hands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While consumers benefit from low prices, small businesses are losing. The audience broke into laughter and thunderous applause when Warren said that under her leadership, the losers would change. “The monopolist will make fewer monopoly profits. Boo hoo!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of scandal — privacy violations, election interference, mega hacks — Silicon Valley has emerged, early on, as a presidential campaign issue. Warren’s call is pushing her party to the left, a place where many Democrats aren’t ready to go given the party’s reliance on tech donors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 2018 midterms, \u003ca href=\"https://www.opensecrets.org/industries/contrib.php?ind=B\">tech companies clearly favored Democrats\u003c/a> over the GOP: 69 percent of Amazon money went to Democratic federal campaigns, as did 79 percent of Facebook money and 83 percent of Alphabet (parent company of Google) money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to be awkward,” said Sheila Krumholz. “They’re doing a dance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Krumholz directs the Center for Responsive Politics, which tracks campaign finance. The dance is this: appeal to voters to raise money online, but don’t burn bridges with top executives. “Not everyone will be able to depend on a strategy that deploys populist messages aimed at driving so many small online donations that together they provide a huge portion of the funds,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Kamala Harris, who’s leading Warren \u003ca href=\"https://www.realclearpolitics.com/epolls/2020/president/us/2020_democratic_presidential_nomination-6730.html\">in polls\u003c/a>, is one of the few candidates in the crowded primary with star power. Harris has spent years as a state attorney general and senator advocating for stronger data privacy. But her home base is California and, strategists say, Silicon Valley is the ATM. According Krumholz, Harris may be waiting to see whether the leftist position pays off or if a “more moderated approach” brings in more dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another presidential candidate, Sen. Amy Klobuchar, wants to stand out for her track record taking on Silicon Valley. In 2018, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.fec.gov/data/receipts/individual-contributions/?two_year_transaction_period=2018&committee_id=C00410191&committee_id=C00431353&min_date=01%2F01%2F2017&max_date=12%2F31%2F2018&contributor_employer=amazon\">federal filings\u003c/a>, she received support from powerful tech donors including former Google chairman Eric Schmidt, Facebook Chief Operating Officer Sheryl Sandberg and Amazon’s top lawyer David Zapolsky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she also has aggressively sponsored bills in the Senate to regulate the industry, by \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/1812?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22klobuchar%22%5D%7D\">blocking mergers\u003c/a> and making it easier for \u003ca href=\"https://www.congress.gov/bill/115th-congress/senate-bill/2728?q=%7B%22search%22%3A%5B%22klobuchar%22%5D%7D\">consumers to opt out of data collection\u003c/a>, among others. She came to SXSW with another bold new idea: every time a tech giant such as Facebook or Google makes ad money, by selling access to user eyeballs, make the company pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There should be some kind of a tax on it,” she said. She also acknowledged the tax proposal would not be popular among industry executives. “They’re going to scream when they hear this.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While she was not prepared to embrace the call to break up big tech companies, Klobuchar says she wants to “unleash” antitrust investigations and has \u003ca href=\"https://www.klobuchar.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2019/2/klobuchar-introduces-legislation-to-modernize-antitrust-enforcement-and-promote-competition\">sponsored legislation\u003c/a> to better fund federal regulators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrew Yang, a candidate virtually unknown outside tech circles, packed his room at SXSW. While he described Warren’s anti-monopoly position as “unimaginative” and “retrograde,” he too believes in taxing tech. Yang says because artificial intelligence is destroying jobs, the tech industry should pay for a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/09/24/495186758/as-our-jobs-are-automated-some-say-well-need-a-guaranteed-basic-income\">universal basic income\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to start devising a system that helps more Americans share in the gains from growth in companies like Amazon, instead of just being able to access cheap goods,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic candidates are experimenting with how tech regulation translates into stump speeches. Klobuchar and Yang’s messages didn’t excite people as much as Warren’s blunter call. Her speech ended in a mob of adoring fans, including a few tech workers, who embraced her, pledging their support and money, and asking for selfies. As a party, the challenge will be to galvanize supporters in tech while taking on the industry. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Democratic+Candidates+Target+Tech+Giants%2C+Who+Are+Major+Party+Donors&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "as-amazon-drops-nyc-plans-san-jose-looks-smart-for-not-offering-incentives",
"title": "As Amazon Drops NYC Plans, San Jose Looks Smart for Not Offering Incentives",
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"content": "\u003cp>A mayor from a Bay Area city that tried to land big tech companies might be starting to look pretty smart after Amazon canceled its plans for a New York City headquarters. Activists and local politicians said New York had given up too much for too little.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it doesn’t have to be that way, according to San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo, who refused to offer Amazon and another tech giant, Google, any incentives to locate in his city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon’s decision to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/14/694740118/amazon-drops-plans-for-new-york-headquarters\">back out\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11713070/google-commences-1b-expansion-in-new-york-city\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York City plan\u003c/a> followed opposition from activists and local politicians over the hefty tax breaks and incentives the company would’ve gotten when it moved in.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If you’re offering incentives, those are dollars you could use to be building out transit, to … supporting an ecosystem of talent development.’\u003ccite>San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As big tech companies expand nationwide, cities continue to grapple with how to make sure they are benefiting. San Jose is one example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, when Amazon was looking for a city \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/09/18/551773552/cities-try-convincing-amazon-they-re-ready-for-its-new-headquarters\">to house its second headquarters\u003c/a>, Liccardo threw San Jose’s hat in the ring. But unlike the various cities that promised generous tax incentives, San Jose offered Amazon no money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re offering incentives, those are dollars you could use to be building out transit, to … supporting an ecosystem of talent development,” Liccardo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Amazon ultimately picked New York for one of its new campuses, many activists said it made no sense for one of the world’s wealthiest companies to get gig tax breaks and other incentives. It caused such a local outrage, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/14/694740118/amazon-drops-plans-for-new-york-headquarters\">Amazon announced it was pulling out\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The lesson for cities really ought to be, don’t take the bait. And don’t even offer the bait,” Liccardo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710256/the-google-land-rush\">The Google Land Rush\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710256/the-google-land-rush\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/welcometo_120518_final-1020x649.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Which is not to say he doesn’t want Big Tech headquartered in San Jose — Adobe, Cisco and eBay are based there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re the only major city in the United States that actually has a smaller daytime population than nighttime population,” Liccardo says. “And, as a result, our residents spend a lot of time commuting. We’re right up there with the worst cities in commutes and obviously it drives up the housing costs. And so we get the worst of both worlds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11726713\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/ap_454227697688_enl-ab56b9778e011bcd7ad96d8c9cba597df4712bef-s1400-800x1117.jpg\" alt=\"San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1117\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11726713\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/ap_454227697688_enl-ab56b9778e011bcd7ad96d8c9cba597df4712bef-s1400-800x1117.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/ap_454227697688_enl-ab56b9778e011bcd7ad96d8c9cba597df4712bef-s1400-160x223.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/ap_454227697688_enl-ab56b9778e011bcd7ad96d8c9cba597df4712bef-s1400-1020x1424.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/ap_454227697688_enl-ab56b9778e011bcd7ad96d8c9cba597df4712bef-s1400-860x1200.jpg 860w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/ap_454227697688_enl-ab56b9778e011bcd7ad96d8c9cba597df4712bef-s1400.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo. \u003ccite>(Tony Avelar/Invision/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Liccardo says when he was approached by Google, which was interested in building a campus in San Jose, the company didn’t ask for incentives and his government didn’t offer any. Rather, the mayor says the city is requiring that 25 percent of the housing built around the campus be rent-restricted and affordable. Like most of the Bay Area, the cost of living in San Jose has skyrocketed, largely driven by the tech boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google, which is headquartered nearby Mountain View, is projected to bring \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/11/28/google-village-could-bring-24000-jobs-to-downtown-san-jose-study/\">tens of thousands of jobs\u003c/a> to San Jose. And Liccardo says the company agreed to fees on development to help fund affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google is planning to develop as much as 8 million square feet in downtown San Jose. The city lacks the allure of San Francisco or neighboring Palo Alto, so it’s not hard to see why some are so excited to develop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But plenty of locals and activists are not happy with Google moving in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Buchanan, the policy director at Working Partnerships USA, a community labor coalition, says that even if San Jose isn’t offering big tax breaks, that doesn’t mean Google’s move will be good for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe we’re not offering billions in tax rebates,” he says. “But we’re offering really valuable public land in an area where prices are going through the roof. Google is just on the beneficial side of things going their way, without having to give anything back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many activists in the various cities where tech is expanding, Buchanan has questions about the details: How exactly is housing going to be kept affordable? And, of all those jobs coming to town, how many will go to locals?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723268/details-emerge-on-san-joses-100-million-pledge-to-build-more-affordable-housing\">Details Emerge on San Jose’s $100 Million Pledge to Build More Affordable Housing\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723268/details-emerge-on-san-joses-100-million-pledge-to-build-more-affordable-housing\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/67e331_eab4d73496c2473f9957aefb8a8fe1a9mv2_d_4000_2304_s_2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“When you look at Google’s workforce,” Buchanan says, “only about \u003ca href=\"https://diversity.google/annual-report/\">7 percent\u003c/a> are either Latino or African-American. You look at the population of San Jose, and it just looks incredibly different than who it is that Google is actually hiring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expensive housing has been a problem for people like Joseph Chavez. A few years ago, it was so bad that his family — like so many others — had to leave San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The prices are so outrageous, we’ve got to move to the Central Valley to actually have affordable homes,” he explains. “So with Google coming here, it might be a bad idea. Rent’s going to go sky high.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chavez works in construction, and he’s hoping to work on the new San Jose Google site. “More jobs means more opportunities. More opportunity means everybody gets to eat. If it pays well, you might be able to make it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether he’ll be able to make it in San Jose after the Google campus gets built, that’s an open question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=This+City+Told+Amazon+And+Google%3A+No+Incentives+For+You&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Amazon canceled plans for a New York City HQ after meeting stiff opposition over big tax breaks and other incentives. San Jose's mayor refused to offer similar incentives but landed Google anyway.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A mayor from a Bay Area city that tried to land big tech companies might be starting to look pretty smart after Amazon canceled its plans for a New York City headquarters. Activists and local politicians said New York had given up too much for too little.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it doesn’t have to be that way, according to San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo, who refused to offer Amazon and another tech giant, Google, any incentives to locate in his city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon’s decision to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/14/694740118/amazon-drops-plans-for-new-york-headquarters\">back out\u003c/a> of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11713070/google-commences-1b-expansion-in-new-york-city\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">New York City plan\u003c/a> followed opposition from activists and local politicians over the hefty tax breaks and incentives the company would’ve gotten when it moved in.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If you’re offering incentives, those are dollars you could use to be building out transit, to … supporting an ecosystem of talent development.’\u003ccite>San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As big tech companies expand nationwide, cities continue to grapple with how to make sure they are benefiting. San Jose is one example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, when Amazon was looking for a city \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2017/09/18/551773552/cities-try-convincing-amazon-they-re-ready-for-its-new-headquarters\">to house its second headquarters\u003c/a>, Liccardo threw San Jose’s hat in the ring. But unlike the various cities that promised generous tax incentives, San Jose offered Amazon no money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re offering incentives, those are dollars you could use to be building out transit, to … supporting an ecosystem of talent development,” Liccardo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Amazon ultimately picked New York for one of its new campuses, many activists said it made no sense for one of the world’s wealthiest companies to get gig tax breaks and other incentives. It caused such a local outrage, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/02/14/694740118/amazon-drops-plans-for-new-york-headquarters\">Amazon announced it was pulling out\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The lesson for cities really ought to be, don’t take the bait. And don’t even offer the bait,” Liccardo says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710256/the-google-land-rush\">The Google Land Rush\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710256/the-google-land-rush\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/welcometo_120518_final-1020x649.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Which is not to say he doesn’t want Big Tech headquartered in San Jose — Adobe, Cisco and eBay are based there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re the only major city in the United States that actually has a smaller daytime population than nighttime population,” Liccardo says. “And, as a result, our residents spend a lot of time commuting. We’re right up there with the worst cities in commutes and obviously it drives up the housing costs. And so we get the worst of both worlds.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11726713\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/ap_454227697688_enl-ab56b9778e011bcd7ad96d8c9cba597df4712bef-s1400-800x1117.jpg\" alt=\"San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1117\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11726713\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/ap_454227697688_enl-ab56b9778e011bcd7ad96d8c9cba597df4712bef-s1400-800x1117.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/ap_454227697688_enl-ab56b9778e011bcd7ad96d8c9cba597df4712bef-s1400-160x223.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/ap_454227697688_enl-ab56b9778e011bcd7ad96d8c9cba597df4712bef-s1400-1020x1424.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/ap_454227697688_enl-ab56b9778e011bcd7ad96d8c9cba597df4712bef-s1400-860x1200.jpg 860w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/ap_454227697688_enl-ab56b9778e011bcd7ad96d8c9cba597df4712bef-s1400.jpg 1400w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo. \u003ccite>(Tony Avelar/Invision/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Liccardo says when he was approached by Google, which was interested in building a campus in San Jose, the company didn’t ask for incentives and his government didn’t offer any. Rather, the mayor says the city is requiring that 25 percent of the housing built around the campus be rent-restricted and affordable. Like most of the Bay Area, the cost of living in San Jose has skyrocketed, largely driven by the tech boom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google, which is headquartered nearby Mountain View, is projected to bring \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/11/28/google-village-could-bring-24000-jobs-to-downtown-san-jose-study/\">tens of thousands of jobs\u003c/a> to San Jose. And Liccardo says the company agreed to fees on development to help fund affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google is planning to develop as much as 8 million square feet in downtown San Jose. The city lacks the allure of San Francisco or neighboring Palo Alto, so it’s not hard to see why some are so excited to develop it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But plenty of locals and activists are not happy with Google moving in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Buchanan, the policy director at Working Partnerships USA, a community labor coalition, says that even if San Jose isn’t offering big tax breaks, that doesn’t mean Google’s move will be good for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe we’re not offering billions in tax rebates,” he says. “But we’re offering really valuable public land in an area where prices are going through the roof. Google is just on the beneficial side of things going their way, without having to give anything back.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like many activists in the various cities where tech is expanding, Buchanan has questions about the details: How exactly is housing going to be kept affordable? And, of all those jobs coming to town, how many will go to locals?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723268/details-emerge-on-san-joses-100-million-pledge-to-build-more-affordable-housing\">Details Emerge on San Jose’s $100 Million Pledge to Build More Affordable Housing\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11723268/details-emerge-on-san-joses-100-million-pledge-to-build-more-affordable-housing\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/02/67e331_eab4d73496c2473f9957aefb8a8fe1a9mv2_d_4000_2304_s_2.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“When you look at Google’s workforce,” Buchanan says, “only about \u003ca href=\"https://diversity.google/annual-report/\">7 percent\u003c/a> are either Latino or African-American. You look at the population of San Jose, and it just looks incredibly different than who it is that Google is actually hiring.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expensive housing has been a problem for people like Joseph Chavez. A few years ago, it was so bad that his family — like so many others — had to leave San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The prices are so outrageous, we’ve got to move to the Central Valley to actually have affordable homes,” he explains. “So with Google coming here, it might be a bad idea. Rent’s going to go sky high.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Chavez works in construction, and he’s hoping to work on the new San Jose Google site. “More jobs means more opportunities. More opportunity means everybody gets to eat. If it pays well, you might be able to make it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether he’ll be able to make it in San Jose after the Google campus gets built, that’s an open question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\">https://www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=This+City+Told+Amazon+And+Google%3A+No+Incentives+For+You&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you own a store, you’ve probably asked yourself this question: What makes my shop “unAmazonable?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alexei Agratchev, CEO of RetailNext, says retailers thought they had a solution to this question: a physical store. The “in-person” shopping experience was something Amazon didn’t have. Agratchev thought banking on that idea was silly: “Look what happened with Whole Foods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon buys Whole Foods, and almost overnight it adds about 500 stores alongside its online marketplace. And for years, Amazon has been gradually opening physical bookstores in cities across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So competitors are headed back to the online battlefield, scrambling to offer delivery options. Walmart has spent billions trying to buy its way into the delivery game. It has acquired delivery and online retail companies like Jet, Parcel, Flipkart, Shoebuy, Cornershop — the list goes on and on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, you might have recently seen billboards for Shipt. Target bought the delivery company a year ago and is currently rolling out same-day shipping all over California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shipt said the goal isn’t to compete with Amazon and woo away the online giant’s customers. Julie Coop, Shipt’s communications director, said the goal is to get more people to order online and to expand the pie of potential customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a large untapped market share,” Coop said. “We don’t like to look at it like who are our competitors and whose customers we’re going after, because there’s so many people who are not ordering their groceries online at all, or who are not doing any kind of same-day fulfillment from a brick-and-mortar store.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Shipt, Target is looking to cultivate more customers like Rose Petroff, an office manager in San Francisco. Like most Americans, she orders some things online, but she does a majority of shopping in person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Petroff used to go out and buy all the supplies for her office. Now she has Shipt drop off things like printer paper, and she uses services like DoorDash to deliver lunch. Both companies are powered by contract gig workers, following the Uber model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Amazon started almost 25 years ago, e-commerce hardly existed. Investors were convinced that delivery was the future of retail, so they were patient as Amazon focused on growth versus profits. This allowed the company to build a massive infrastructure for delivery and condition consumers to order online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years Amazon has been working to convince everyone that futuristic, super-fast delivery is right around the corner. Five years ago Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s CEO, suggested drones would be delivering packages as early as 2018. This kind of marketing has retailers frantically trying to figure out how they will compete with things like drone delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Business consultant Matt Sargent said everyone is getting a bit ahead of themselves with delivery. “I do think that there’s an overblown fascination with the shift from brick-and-mortar to digital,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like the flying cars of the 1950s,” Sargent said. It’s now 2018, and the skies are filled with neither flying cars nor fleets of Amazon drones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sargent said what Amazon has done is condition customers to expect same-day delivery from retailers. Even so, online shopping is still very much in the minority when it comes to retail. Online sales are growing, but they still account for less than 10 percent of all retail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overblown or not, retailers are afraid of being left behind. More than half now offer same-day delivery, a number that is expected to grow to 65 percent by the end of 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Target and Walmart collectively spend billions to acquire companies that will ship to customers across the country and in the Bay Area, Amazon is doubling down on its physical presence. It just opened a new store in San Francisco, and its bookstores are filled with people shopping, not receiving things via flying drones.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shipt said the goal isn’t to compete with Amazon and woo away the online giant’s customers. Julie Coop, Shipt’s communications director, said the goal is to get more people to order online and to expand the pie of potential customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a large untapped market share,” Coop said. “We don’t like to look at it like who are our competitors and whose customers we’re going after, because there’s so many people who are not ordering their groceries online at all, or who are not doing any kind of same-day fulfillment from a brick-and-mortar store.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With Shipt, Target is looking to cultivate more customers like Rose Petroff, an office manager in San Francisco. Like most Americans, she orders some things online, but she does a majority of shopping in person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Petroff used to go out and buy all the supplies for her office. Now she has Shipt drop off things like printer paper, and she uses services like DoorDash to deliver lunch. Both companies are powered by contract gig workers, following the Uber model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Amazon started almost 25 years ago, e-commerce hardly existed. Investors were convinced that delivery was the future of retail, so they were patient as Amazon focused on growth versus profits. This allowed the company to build a massive infrastructure for delivery and condition consumers to order online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years Amazon has been working to convince everyone that futuristic, super-fast delivery is right around the corner. Five years ago Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s CEO, suggested drones would be delivering packages as early as 2018. This kind of marketing has retailers frantically trying to figure out how they will compete with things like drone delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Business consultant Matt Sargent said everyone is getting a bit ahead of themselves with delivery. “I do think that there’s an overblown fascination with the shift from brick-and-mortar to digital,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s like the flying cars of the 1950s,” Sargent said. It’s now 2018, and the skies are filled with neither flying cars nor fleets of Amazon drones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sargent said what Amazon has done is condition customers to expect same-day delivery from retailers. Even so, online shopping is still very much in the minority when it comes to retail. Online sales are growing, but they still account for less than 10 percent of all retail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Overblown or not, retailers are afraid of being left behind. More than half now offer same-day delivery, a number that is expected to grow to 65 percent by the end of 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Target and Walmart collectively spend billions to acquire companies that will ship to customers across the country and in the Bay Area, Amazon is doubling down on its physical presence. It just opened a new store in San Francisco, and its bookstores are filled with people shopping, not receiving things via flying drones.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In another expansion move that is NOT in the Bay Area, Google announced plans for a \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioretechview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1 billion office complex\u003c/a> along the Hudson River in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real estate deal comes soon after Google said it would buy the Manhattan Chelsea Market for $2.5 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In case the Bay Area is feeling left out, the tech giant bought an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710256/the-google-land-rush\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">office park in Mountain View for $1 billion\u003c/a> in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Apple and Amazon have announced multibillion-dollar expansion deals in locations ranging from Long Island City, New York, to Detroit, Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other news, San Francisco is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11712821/map-san-francisco-loses-existing-affordable-housing-almost-as-fast-as-it-builds-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">losing affordable housing\u003c/a> units nearly as fast as it builds new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In another expansion move that is NOT in the Bay Area, Google announced plans for a \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioretechview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">$1 billion office complex\u003c/a> along the Hudson River in New York City.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real estate deal comes soon after Google said it would buy the Manhattan Chelsea Market for $2.5 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In case the Bay Area is feeling left out, the tech giant bought an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11710256/the-google-land-rush\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">office park in Mountain View for $1 billion\u003c/a> in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Apple and Amazon have announced multibillion-dollar expansion deals in locations ranging from Long Island City, New York, to Detroit, Michigan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other news, San Francisco is \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11712821/map-san-francisco-loses-existing-affordable-housing-almost-as-fast-as-it-builds-it\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">losing affordable housing\u003c/a> units nearly as fast as it builds new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Optimized Prime: How AI and Anticipation Power Amazon's 1-Hour Deliveries",
"title": "Optimized Prime: How AI and Anticipation Power Amazon's 1-Hour Deliveries",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>By the time someone clicks \"buy\" on Amazon, Jenny Freshwater's team has probably expected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freshwater is a software director in Amazon's Supply Chain Optimization Technologies group. Her team forecasts demand for everything sold by Amazon worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This task, into which NPR got exclusive insight, underlies the entire Amazon retail operation. And it's central to Amazon's wooing of some 100 million people who shell out up to $119 a year for a Prime subscription, which guarantees two-day shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11491029/warehouses-promise-jobs-but-what-happens-when-the-robots-come\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Warehouses Promise Jobs, But What Happens When the Robots Come?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon, corporate executives like to evoke magic when they talk about fast delivery. For months, they used the code name Houdini before launching their fastest service, Prime Now, which delivers household basics within hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot of it is thanks to artificial intelligence. With AI, computers analyze reams of data, making decisions and performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI is key to Amazon's retail forecasting on steroids and its push to shave off minutes and seconds in the rush to prepare, pack and deliver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It goes beyond just being able to forecast we need 100 blouses,\" Freshwater says. \"We need to be able to determine how many do we expect our customers to buy across the sizes, and the colors. And then ... where do we actually put the product so that our customers can get it when they click 'buy.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a key element to how Amazon speeds up deliveries: The team predicts exactly where those blouses should be stocked so that they are as close as possible to the people who will buy them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Note: Amazon is one of NPR's financial supporters.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is even more essential now that the race is on for same-day and even same-hour delivery. Few other retailers have ventured into these speeds, because they're very expensive. And few rely quite so much on AI to control costs while expanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707806\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amazon boxes are scanned on conveyor belts. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both AI and forecasting are not unique to Amazon. All retail stores work hard to prepare, for example, for seasonal or weather-related demand. And all major retail companies have their own algorithms, automated warehouses and delivery tricks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was Amazon Prime that got Americans hooked on two-day shipping, which shoppers now take for granted. Walmart, Target and many others now offer two-day deliveries even without membership fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all large online retailers rely on AI, \"Amazon definitely has the most powerful tools for all the little computational processes involved in moving the packages through many suppliers, routes of transit and all the steps that a package goes through,\" says Mike Liebhold, a senior tech researcher at the Institute for the Future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, AI is woven through every part of an Amazon purchase, from the website to the warehouses to the actual delivery to your doorstep. In corporate lingo, Amazon calls that the \"first mile,\" \"middle mile\" and \"last mile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forecasting for the \"first mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Amazon got \u003ca href=\"http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=08615473&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsearch-bool.html\">a patent\u003c/a> for so-called anticipatory shipping. The idea was to get your order as close as possible to your address before you actually click buy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Amazon has built a massive warehousing footprint around the country. And it's been adding smaller warehouses closer to city centers where Prime Now promotes super-fast delivery options. It's also using Whole Foods locations for faster access to groceries and basic pickups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon regularly tests what new products people might want with extra-fast shipping, says Cem Sibay, who runs Amazon Prime in North America. \"If you see customers consistently trying to select for same-day delivery, then the next step is obviously that some customers maybe actually even need this faster,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707809\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An employee works on an order in Amazon's fulfillment center in Baltimore. Amazon's forecasting team works on anticipating demand for everything sold by the company worldwide. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon decides what to stock by looking at every detail of each product. It takes a shirt and analyzes the color, length, silhouette, sleeve length and histories of purchases for similar clothing items. Freshwater, of Amazon's forecasting team, says her group does not have access to personally identifiable information on specific shoppers. But her team looks at past demand and online-shopping habits in aggregate to write algorithms and statistical models that teach the AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Amazon's predictions are not surprising. \"You don't sell very much Chicago Cubs gear in Hawaii,\" Freshwater says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are less obvious. For example, AI has learned that not all new products mean the same type of forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take tax software. Everyone wants the \u003cem>latest \u003c/em>version. But the release of a new DSLR camera? That actually triggers huge demand for the \u003cem>older \u003c/em>versions, which are cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/665646050/amazons-grand-search-for-2nd-headquarters-ends-with-split-nyc-and-d-c-suburb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon's Grand Search For 2nd Headquarters Ends With Split: NYC And D.C. Suburb\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>AI has also determined that online shoppers often abandon their online grocery cart entirely if bananas are sold out — and that bananas are most in demand on Mondays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or consider sunscreen. It's obviously in demand in the summer, but Amazon's AI models have also detected mini-surges around winter holidays and spring breaks — when people go on trips to warm sunny places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you search on Amazon.com or shop using Alexa on the Echo device, AI determines what results or recommendations you see and tells you how fast you might get each item.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"middle mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon's warehouses, AI powers the Kiva robots, which look like large Roombas carrying bright yellow shelves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707810\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707810\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1268\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1200x793.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1920x1268.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kiva robots move racks of merchandise at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy, California, in 2015. The machines bring the shelves to workers. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In traditional warehouses, it's the people who walk to the shelves. But in most Amazon warehouses, the robots bring the shelves to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machines know what to bring and when to get orders packed so they are in time for delivery. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. AI constantly arranges and reshuffles the shelves so that things you're about to buy are ready to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/666274605/how-big-is-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Big Is Amazon? Its Many Businesses In One Chart\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Amazon is now rolling out new efficiency-boosting technology that eliminates the need for handheld scanners, says Brad Porter, head of robotics for Amazon Operations. The new system retrofits workers' stations with advanced cameras that can automatically scan items that workers hold in their hands. AI is learning to discern and interpret people's hand movements to recognize when a person places an item inside a shelf slot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of innovation is a controversial topic in retail, where layoffs are rampant, just as automation is reshaping the workforce. Economic research \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610005/every-study-we-could-find-on-what-automation-will-do-to-jobs-in-one-chart/\">is divided\u003c/a> on how much exactly AI will eliminate or create jobs, especially for lower-income Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Amazon has been hiring people by the hundreds of thousands for its highly automated warehouses. Its workforce has ballooned to\u003ca href=\"https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/28f23db2-79d5-4aa0-9acc-ef6413e1bafe\"> 613,300\u003c/a> in a matter of a few years. Warehousing overall has been one of the fastest-growing industries, even though a lot of that work is part-time or temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Amazon has launched \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/22/579640565/amazons-cashier-less-seattle-grocery-opens-to-the-public\">AI-powered stores\u003c/a> that eliminate the need for a cashier, stoking fears about the future of jobs like these industrywide. Plus, as Porter will point out, scientists have long been working on robots that can imitate human hands with their grip. For work like packing in warehouses, an agile robotic hand could erase one key edge that human workers now have over machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Porter, modern automation is simply in the latest chapter of industrial progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Industrial automation and robotics are here. They've been here for a long time,\" Porter says. \"I think what's novel or hard in the logistics space and for Amazon is just the diversity and selection of inventory that we have and the scale at which we're doing it. And so yeah, I think we'll continue to see technology innovation in all these spaces.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"last mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One area where AI has created a new type of job is in deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707811\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of a fulfillment center in Baltimore. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon has many logistics contracts for deliveries, with the United States Postal Service, FedEx, UPS and other smaller companies. But it also took a page from Uber and began hiring drivers for side gigs to make superfast deliveries in busy cities, paying between $18 and $25 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app is officially called \"Flex,\" but its original name is \"Rabbit\" — \"along the magic theme,\" says Beryl Tomay, director of Amazon's Last Mile Delivery Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process relies on AI to constantly calculate how many drivers are needed at any given time. The app considers the weight and number of packages headed to the same neighborhoods and whether packages can fit in one of the available cars. The app even recommends the order of packing boxes into a car for the most efficient delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big challenge for Flex drivers is parking. Amazon's app does not guide where to leave cars while dropping off a package. However, Amazon does factor how long it took other drivers to deliver to an address in its estimates. AI's timing estimates also consider traffic and types of building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A single-family home is fairly straightforward, whereas if it's a commercial building or an apartment complex, that gets a little bit more difficult,\" Tomay says. \"It's not always obvious where the unit is, or are we taking it to a mailroom or receptionist?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11672953/what-americans-told-us-about-online-shopping-says-a-lot-about-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What Americans Told Us About Online Shopping Says A Lot About Amazon\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As Sibay describes it, when a delivery is a one-hour race, every minute counts. So delays and missed deadlines get a thorough analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Were we not able to pick it in time from our warehouse shelves? Did we not have the right number of drivers?\" says Sibay. Or maybe \"the driver forgets his key at reception and has to walk a little longer. The driver's delivering a package and it's an elderly lady and they, you know, talk a little bit before he moves on to his next order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard for AI to predict all these scenarios, Sibay says. But next time, maybe the address with the Chatty Cathy will get a few more minutes baked into the algorithm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>By the time someone clicks \"buy\" on Amazon, Jenny Freshwater's team has probably expected it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Freshwater is a software director in Amazon's Supply Chain Optimization Technologies group. Her team forecasts demand for everything sold by Amazon worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This task, into which NPR got exclusive insight, underlies the entire Amazon retail operation. And it's central to Amazon's wooing of some 100 million people who shell out up to $119 a year for a Prime subscription, which guarantees two-day shipping.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11491029/warehouses-promise-jobs-but-what-happens-when-the-robots-come\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Warehouses Promise Jobs, But What Happens When the Robots Come?\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon, corporate executives like to evoke magic when they talk about fast delivery. For months, they used the code name Houdini before launching their fastest service, Prime Now, which delivers household basics within hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a lot of it is thanks to artificial intelligence. With AI, computers analyze reams of data, making decisions and performing tasks that typically require human intelligence. AI is key to Amazon's retail forecasting on steroids and its push to shave off minutes and seconds in the rush to prepare, pack and deliver.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It goes beyond just being able to forecast we need 100 blouses,\" Freshwater says. \"We need to be able to determine how many do we expect our customers to buy across the sizes, and the colors. And then ... where do we actually put the product so that our customers can get it when they click 'buy.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a key element to how Amazon speeds up deliveries: The team predicts exactly where those blouses should be stocked so that they are as close as possible to the people who will buy them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>(Note: Amazon is one of NPR's financial supporters.)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This process is even more essential now that the race is on for same-day and even same-hour delivery. Few other retailers have ventured into these speeds, because they're very expensive. And few rely quite so much on AI to control costs while expanding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707806\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707806\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1608_slide-fb3115386dffa8ab64c702cdf22e6175d9b6ab74-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Amazon boxes are scanned on conveyor belts. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Both AI and forecasting are not unique to Amazon. All retail stores work hard to prepare, for example, for seasonal or weather-related demand. And all major retail companies have their own algorithms, automated warehouses and delivery tricks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was Amazon Prime that got Americans hooked on two-day shipping, which shoppers now take for granted. Walmart, Target and many others now offer two-day deliveries even without membership fees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While all large online retailers rely on AI, \"Amazon definitely has the most powerful tools for all the little computational processes involved in moving the packages through many suppliers, routes of transit and all the steps that a package goes through,\" says Mike Liebhold, a senior tech researcher at the Institute for the Future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, AI is woven through every part of an Amazon purchase, from the website to the warehouses to the actual delivery to your doorstep. In corporate lingo, Amazon calls that the \"first mile,\" \"middle mile\" and \"last mile.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Forecasting for the \"first mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Amazon got \u003ca href=\"http://pdfpiw.uspto.gov/.piw?Docid=08615473&homeurl=http%3A%2F%2Fpatft.uspto.gov%2Fnetacgi%2Fnph-Parser%3FSect1%3DPTO2%2526Sect2%3DHITOFF%2526p%3D1%2526u%3D%25252Fnetahtml%25252FPTO%25252Fsearch-bool.html\">a patent\u003c/a> for so-called anticipatory shipping. The idea was to get your order as close as possible to your address before you actually click buy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, Amazon has built a massive warehousing footprint around the country. And it's been adding smaller warehouses closer to city centers where Prime Now promotes super-fast delivery options. It's also using Whole Foods locations for faster access to groceries and basic pickups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon regularly tests what new products people might want with extra-fast shipping, says Cem Sibay, who runs Amazon Prime in North America. \"If you see customers consistently trying to select for same-day delivery, then the next step is obviously that some customers maybe actually even need this faster,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707809\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707809\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1693_slide-c6d2a7481f7d901b98fce3dbfd55fa08903739bf-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An employee works on an order in Amazon's fulfillment center in Baltimore. Amazon's forecasting team works on anticipating demand for everything sold by the company worldwide. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon decides what to stock by looking at every detail of each product. It takes a shirt and analyzes the color, length, silhouette, sleeve length and histories of purchases for similar clothing items. Freshwater, of Amazon's forecasting team, says her group does not have access to personally identifiable information on specific shoppers. But her team looks at past demand and online-shopping habits in aggregate to write algorithms and statistical models that teach the AI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of Amazon's predictions are not surprising. \"You don't sell very much Chicago Cubs gear in Hawaii,\" Freshwater says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are less obvious. For example, AI has learned that not all new products mean the same type of forecast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take tax software. Everyone wants the \u003cem>latest \u003c/em>version. But the release of a new DSLR camera? That actually triggers huge demand for the \u003cem>older \u003c/em>versions, which are cheaper.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/665646050/amazons-grand-search-for-2nd-headquarters-ends-with-split-nyc-and-d-c-suburb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon's Grand Search For 2nd Headquarters Ends With Split: NYC And D.C. Suburb\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>AI has also determined that online shoppers often abandon their online grocery cart entirely if bananas are sold out — and that bananas are most in demand on Mondays.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or consider sunscreen. It's obviously in demand in the summer, but Amazon's AI models have also detected mini-surges around winter holidays and spring breaks — when people go on trips to warm sunny places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you search on Amazon.com or shop using Alexa on the Echo device, AI determines what results or recommendations you see and tells you how fast you might get each item.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"middle mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside Amazon's warehouses, AI powers the Kiva robots, which look like large Roombas carrying bright yellow shelves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707810\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707810\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1268\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1.jpg 3000w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1200x793.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/gettyimages-461841920_custom-78867aba5302b2285e4e991e3bf210607678b3e1-1920x1268.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kiva robots move racks of merchandise at an Amazon fulfillment center in Tracy, California, in 2015. The machines bring the shelves to workers. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In traditional warehouses, it's the people who walk to the shelves. But in most Amazon warehouses, the robots bring the shelves to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The machines know what to bring and when to get orders packed so they are in time for delivery. AI systems keep track of all items in the warehouses, which can be as vast as 1 million square feet. AI constantly arranges and reshuffles the shelves so that things you're about to buy are ready to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/11/13/666274605/how-big-is-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">How Big Is Amazon? Its Many Businesses In One Chart\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Amazon is now rolling out new efficiency-boosting technology that eliminates the need for handheld scanners, says Brad Porter, head of robotics for Amazon Operations. The new system retrofits workers' stations with advanced cameras that can automatically scan items that workers hold in their hands. AI is learning to discern and interpret people's hand movements to recognize when a person places an item inside a shelf slot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of innovation is a controversial topic in retail, where layoffs are rampant, just as automation is reshaping the workforce. Economic research \u003ca href=\"https://www.technologyreview.com/s/610005/every-study-we-could-find-on-what-automation-will-do-to-jobs-in-one-chart/\">is divided\u003c/a> on how much exactly AI will eliminate or create jobs, especially for lower-income Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, Amazon has been hiring people by the hundreds of thousands for its highly automated warehouses. Its workforce has ballooned to\u003ca href=\"https://ir.aboutamazon.com/static-files/28f23db2-79d5-4aa0-9acc-ef6413e1bafe\"> 613,300\u003c/a> in a matter of a few years. Warehousing overall has been one of the fastest-growing industries, even though a lot of that work is part-time or temporary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, Amazon has launched \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/01/22/579640565/amazons-cashier-less-seattle-grocery-opens-to-the-public\">AI-powered stores\u003c/a> that eliminate the need for a cashier, stoking fears about the future of jobs like these industrywide. Plus, as Porter will point out, scientists have long been working on robots that can imitate human hands with their grip. For work like packing in warehouses, an agile robotic hand could erase one key edge that human workers now have over machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To Porter, modern automation is simply in the latest chapter of industrial progress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Industrial automation and robotics are here. They've been here for a long time,\" Porter says. \"I think what's novel or hard in the logistics space and for Amazon is just the diversity and selection of inventory that we have and the scale at which we're doing it. And so yeah, I think we'll continue to see technology innovation in all these spaces.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The \"last mile\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One area where AI has created a new type of job is in deliveries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707811\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11707811\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1279\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24.jpg 2997w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1200x799.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/dsc1746_slide-a2005f33ac974ca9ec779bc411f1fda21369ac24-1920x1279.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The exterior of a fulfillment center in Baltimore. \u003ccite>(Claire Harbage/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amazon has many logistics contracts for deliveries, with the United States Postal Service, FedEx, UPS and other smaller companies. But it also took a page from Uber and began hiring drivers for side gigs to make superfast deliveries in busy cities, paying between $18 and $25 an hour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The app is officially called \"Flex,\" but its original name is \"Rabbit\" — \"along the magic theme,\" says Beryl Tomay, director of Amazon's Last Mile Delivery Technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process relies on AI to constantly calculate how many drivers are needed at any given time. The app considers the weight and number of packages headed to the same neighborhoods and whether packages can fit in one of the available cars. The app even recommends the order of packing boxes into a car for the most efficient delivery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One big challenge for Flex drivers is parking. Amazon's app does not guide where to leave cars while dropping off a package. However, Amazon does factor how long it took other drivers to deliver to an address in its estimates. AI's timing estimates also consider traffic and types of building.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A single-family home is fairly straightforward, whereas if it's a commercial building or an apartment complex, that gets a little bit more difficult,\" Tomay says. \"It's not always obvious where the unit is, or are we taking it to a mailroom or receptionist?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11672953/what-americans-told-us-about-online-shopping-says-a-lot-about-amazon\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">What Americans Told Us About Online Shopping Says A Lot About Amazon\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As Sibay describes it, when a delivery is a one-hour race, every minute counts. So delays and missed deadlines get a thorough analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Were we not able to pick it in time from our warehouse shelves? Did we not have the right number of drivers?\" says Sibay. Or maybe \"the driver forgets his key at reception and has to walk a little longer. The driver's delivering a package and it's an elderly lady and they, you know, talk a little bit before he moves on to his next order.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's hard for AI to predict all these scenarios, Sibay says. But next time, maybe the address with the Chatty Cathy will get a few more minutes baked into the algorithm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\u003cem>Copyright 2018 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Amazon Pulls Some Nazi-Themed, Offensive Items After Criticism, But Many Remain",
"title": "Amazon Pulls Some Nazi-Themed, Offensive Items After Criticism, But Many Remain",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Amazon says it removed several items of racist propaganda from its store in response to questions from a Democratic lawmaker — though white supremacist literature and other propaganda items remain widely available on the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After criticism from advocacy groups and Minnesota Democratic Rep. Keith Ellison about the availability of Nazi-themed toys and baby onesies with pictures of burning crosses on Amazon's website, the company said this week that it had removed several items and banned sellers who had violated its policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon's U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://sellercentral.amazon.com/gp/help/external/help.html?itemID=200164670&language=en_US&ref=efph_200164670_cont_200164330\">seller policies\u003c/a> ban \"items that Amazon deems offensive,\" which include products \"that promote or glorify hatred, violence, racial, sexual or religious intolerance or promote organizations with such views.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58d8a1bb3a041137d463d64f/t/5b3e4dd403ce6479df046dd1/1530809814928/Delivering+Hate+-+Jul+2018.pdf\">report last month\u003c/a> by the advocacy groups the Partnership for Working Families and the Action Center on Race & the Economy said Amazon was \"facilitat[ing] the spread of hate ideologies, including white supremacy, anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, and homophobia.\" The groups said the \"breadth of Amazon's business combined with its weak and inadequately enforced policies\" was giving hate groups the opportunity to profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report featured pictures of items for sale as of June 2018, including a baby onesie with a picture of a burning cross, a sticker of a noose, Nazi-themed flags and patches, a swastika pendant and Nazi-themed toys for children. The report also named various publishers and authors with e-books for sale on Amazon who were identified as being affiliated with hate groups, according to the monitoring group the Southern Poverty Law Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That caught the attention of Ellison, \u003ca href=\"https://ellison.house.gov/sites/ellison.house.gov/files/7.17.2018%20Ellison%20Letter%20to%20Jeff%20Bezos%20on%20Amazon%20Sale%20of%20Hateful%20Items_0.pdf\">who sent a letter\u003c/a> to Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos on July 17 asking \"whether Amazon is committed to ceasing the sale of all products that promote hateful and racist ideologies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon replied in a letter dated July 31, saying it had removed items referenced in Ellison's letter and permanently banned seller accounts who had violated Amazon's policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Huseman, Amazon's vice president of public policy, said in his letter to Ellison that the company \"makes a significant investment in, and strictly enforces, our seller policies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have developed sophisticated, automated tools that use machine learning to scan listings on Amazon, automatically removing listings found to be in violation of our policies, before we are ever notified by an external party,\" he added in a copy of the letter \u003ca href=\"https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/126-amazon-ellison-letter/5415d5a0d5361d800d35/optimized/full.pdf#page=1\">obtained by The New York Times.\u003c/a> \"These automated tools are supplemented by teams of investigators that conduct manual, human review of our listings on a regular basis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A search by NPR of Amazon's website yielded many results of racist paraphernalia, especially books by white supremacists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Search for \"white pride,\" and Amazon's site will automatically offer suggestions, such as \"white pride shirt,\" \"white pride flag,\" and the white supremacist slogan, \"white pride worldwide.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the top results after searching for \"white pride\" is a T-shirt with an \"Amazon's choice\" label, reading, \"It's OK to be white.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>White Power\u003c/em> by George Lincoln Rockwell, founder of the American Nazi Party, is available on Amazon in Kindle, hardcover and paperback, with 50 customer reviews giving it an average of 4.3 out of 5 stars. Amazon's website automatically recommends other titles by Rockwell, including \u003cem>A National Socialist Life\u003c/em> and \u003cem>This Time the World.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Trevor Lynch's White Nationalist Guide to the Movies\u003c/em> promises to deal \"frankly with the anti-white bias and Jewish agenda of many mainstream films.\" Amazon's website says the item ships from and is sold by Amazon.com.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prominent white nationalist Jared Taylor has his own author page on Amazon, with several of his books available. \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/jared-taylor\">The SPLC describes Taylor\u003c/a> as \"a kind of modern-day version of the refined but racist colonialist of old.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another author with books easily available is Kevin B. MacDonald, a retired California State University psychology professor who espouses views that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.adl.org/sites/default/files/documents/assets/pdf/combating-hate/kevin-macdonald-backgrounder-november-2013rev.pdf\">the Anti-Defamation League\u003c/a> has called anti-Semitic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An inquiry to Amazon's media relations office was not immediately returned. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Amazon+Pulls+Some+Nazi-Themed%2C+Offensive+Items+After+Criticism%2C+But+Many+Remain&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Amazon says it removed several items featuring racist symbols from its store after a letter from Minnesota Rep. Keith Ellison. But it's still easy to find white supremacist materials on the site.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Amazon says it removed several items of racist propaganda from its store in response to questions from a Democratic lawmaker — though white supremacist literature and other propaganda items remain widely available on the site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After criticism from advocacy groups and Minnesota Democratic Rep. Keith Ellison about the availability of Nazi-themed toys and baby onesies with pictures of burning crosses on Amazon's website, the company said this week that it had removed several items and banned sellers who had violated its policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon's U.S. \u003ca href=\"https://sellercentral.amazon.com/gp/help/external/help.html?itemID=200164670&language=en_US&ref=efph_200164670_cont_200164330\">seller policies\u003c/a> ban \"items that Amazon deems offensive,\" which include products \"that promote or glorify hatred, violence, racial, sexual or religious intolerance or promote organizations with such views.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58d8a1bb3a041137d463d64f/t/5b3e4dd403ce6479df046dd1/1530809814928/Delivering+Hate+-+Jul+2018.pdf\">report last month\u003c/a> by the advocacy groups the Partnership for Working Families and the Action Center on Race & the Economy said Amazon was \"facilitat[ing] the spread of hate ideologies, including white supremacy, anti-Semitism, Islamophobia, and homophobia.\" The groups said the \"breadth of Amazon's business combined with its weak and inadequately enforced policies\" was giving hate groups the opportunity to profit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report featured pictures of items for sale as of June 2018, including a baby onesie with a picture of a burning cross, a sticker of a noose, Nazi-themed flags and patches, a swastika pendant and Nazi-themed toys for children. The report also named various publishers and authors with e-books for sale on Amazon who were identified as being affiliated with hate groups, according to the monitoring group the Southern Poverty Law Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That caught the attention of Ellison, \u003ca href=\"https://ellison.house.gov/sites/ellison.house.gov/files/7.17.2018%20Ellison%20Letter%20to%20Jeff%20Bezos%20on%20Amazon%20Sale%20of%20Hateful%20Items_0.pdf\">who sent a letter\u003c/a> to Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos on July 17 asking \"whether Amazon is committed to ceasing the sale of all products that promote hateful and racist ideologies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon replied in a letter dated July 31, saying it had removed items referenced in Ellison's letter and permanently banned seller accounts who had violated Amazon's policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Huseman, Amazon's vice president of public policy, said in his letter to Ellison that the company \"makes a significant investment in, and strictly enforces, our seller policies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have developed sophisticated, automated tools that use machine learning to scan listings on Amazon, automatically removing listings found to be in violation of our policies, before we are ever notified by an external party,\" he added in a copy of the letter \u003ca href=\"https://int.nyt.com/data/documenthelper/126-amazon-ellison-letter/5415d5a0d5361d800d35/optimized/full.pdf#page=1\">obtained by The New York Times.\u003c/a> \"These automated tools are supplemented by teams of investigators that conduct manual, human review of our listings on a regular basis.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A search by NPR of Amazon's website yielded many results of racist paraphernalia, especially books by white supremacists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Search for \"white pride,\" and Amazon's site will automatically offer suggestions, such as \"white pride shirt,\" \"white pride flag,\" and the white supremacist slogan, \"white pride worldwide.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the top results after searching for \"white pride\" is a T-shirt with an \"Amazon's choice\" label, reading, \"It's OK to be white.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>White Power\u003c/em> by George Lincoln Rockwell, founder of the American Nazi Party, is available on Amazon in Kindle, hardcover and paperback, with 50 customer reviews giving it an average of 4.3 out of 5 stars. Amazon's website automatically recommends other titles by Rockwell, including \u003cem>A National Socialist Life\u003c/em> and \u003cem>This Time the World.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Trevor Lynch's White Nationalist Guide to the Movies\u003c/em> promises to deal \"frankly with the anti-white bias and Jewish agenda of many mainstream films.\" Amazon's website says the item ships from and is sold by Amazon.com.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prominent white nationalist Jared Taylor has his own author page on Amazon, with several of his books available. \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/extremist-files/individual/jared-taylor\">The SPLC describes Taylor\u003c/a> as \"a kind of modern-day version of the refined but racist colonialist of old.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another author with books easily available is Kevin B. MacDonald, a retired California State University psychology professor who espouses views that the \u003ca href=\"https://www.adl.org/sites/default/files/documents/assets/pdf/combating-hate/kevin-macdonald-backgrounder-november-2013rev.pdf\">the Anti-Defamation League\u003c/a> has called anti-Semitic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An inquiry to Amazon's media relations office was not immediately returned. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Amazon+Pulls+Some+Nazi-Themed%2C+Offensive+Items+After+Criticism%2C+But+Many+Remain&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "ACLU: Amazon's Facial Recognition Technology Falsely Matched 28 Lawmakers With Mugshots",
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"content": "\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union tested out Amazon's facial recognition technology, and they say it falsely matched 28 current members of Congress with images of people who had been charged with crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ACLU of Northern California tech and civil liberties attorney Jacob Snow says the testing also found that Amazon's software — used by some police departments — disproportionately misidentified black and Latino people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their testing, the ACLU used \u003ca href=\"https://aws.amazon.com/rekognition/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon Rekognition\u003c/a> to compare the photos of all federal lawmakers to a database of 25,000 mugshots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're calling for immediate action by Congress to put the brakes on this technology with a moratorium on its use by government,\" Snow said. \"We need to have a discussion about whether or not face recognition is safe for use at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon Web Services spokeswoman Kathleen Rohde said in a statement that the civil liberty group's test results came from the fact that they used an 80 percent confidence threshold, which is lower than what they would recommend for law enforcement purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While 80 percent confidence is an acceptable threshold for photos of hot dogs, chairs, animals, or other social media use cases, it wouldn’t be appropriate for identifying individuals with a reasonable level of certainty,\" she said. \"When using facial recognition for law enforcement activities, we guide customers to set a threshold of at least 95 percent or higher.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three of the misidentified lawmakers, including East Bay congressman Mark DeSaulnier, penned \u003ca href=\"https://www.markey.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Amazon%20Facial%20Recognition%20Tech.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a letter\u003c/a> to Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos on Thursday questioning how the company has tested the technology for accuracy and bias. The lawmakers also demanded a list of government agencies that use Rekognition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSaulnier told KQED on Thursday that he thinks the technology just isn't ready for use by law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our justice system is not perfect, and too many people have convicted crimes that they're innocent of,\" DeSaulnier said. \"So I just think we need to go slowly with this technology until we're sure that it actually works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon Rekognition is currently being used by the Washington County Sheriff's Office in Oregon. According to a \u003ca href=\"https://aws.amazon.com/rekognition/customers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">customer testimonial\u003c/a> posted on Amazon's website, the agency has used the technology to expedite its suspect identification process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Within one week of going live, the solution built on Rekognition identified a suspect for a cold case that led to an arrest through due process,\" said Chris Adzima, a senior information systems analyst for Washington County Sheriff’s Office, in the testimonial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snow says the ACLU's testing mimicked the process used by the Washington County Sheriff's Office's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This test is in parallel with those deployments,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snow says Amazon's facial recognition technology has also been used by the Orlando Police Department. \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/blog/privacy-technology/surveillance-technologies/amazon-teams-government-deploy-dangerous-new\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">An ACLU investigation\u003c/a> released in May found that Amazon aggressively marketed Rekognition to the OPD as a tool for surveillance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were saying that the Orlando police could use it for real-time tracking, and they could use it to track people as they move around the city,\" Snow said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Technology should not be used for mass surveillance, and it shouldn't be used to track people as they go about their daily lives,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Ted Goldberg contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union tested out Amazon's facial recognition technology, and they say it falsely matched 28 current members of Congress with images of people who had been charged with crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ACLU of Northern California tech and civil liberties attorney Jacob Snow says the testing also found that Amazon's software — used by some police departments — disproportionately misidentified black and Latino people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their testing, the ACLU used \u003ca href=\"https://aws.amazon.com/rekognition/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon Rekognition\u003c/a> to compare the photos of all federal lawmakers to a database of 25,000 mugshots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're calling for immediate action by Congress to put the brakes on this technology with a moratorium on its use by government,\" Snow said. \"We need to have a discussion about whether or not face recognition is safe for use at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon Web Services spokeswoman Kathleen Rohde said in a statement that the civil liberty group's test results came from the fact that they used an 80 percent confidence threshold, which is lower than what they would recommend for law enforcement purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While 80 percent confidence is an acceptable threshold for photos of hot dogs, chairs, animals, or other social media use cases, it wouldn’t be appropriate for identifying individuals with a reasonable level of certainty,\" she said. \"When using facial recognition for law enforcement activities, we guide customers to set a threshold of at least 95 percent or higher.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Three of the misidentified lawmakers, including East Bay congressman Mark DeSaulnier, penned \u003ca href=\"https://www.markey.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/Amazon%20Facial%20Recognition%20Tech.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a letter\u003c/a> to Amazon CEO Jeff Bezos on Thursday questioning how the company has tested the technology for accuracy and bias. The lawmakers also demanded a list of government agencies that use Rekognition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DeSaulnier told KQED on Thursday that he thinks the technology just isn't ready for use by law enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our justice system is not perfect, and too many people have convicted crimes that they're innocent of,\" DeSaulnier said. \"So I just think we need to go slowly with this technology until we're sure that it actually works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon Rekognition is currently being used by the Washington County Sheriff's Office in Oregon. According to a \u003ca href=\"https://aws.amazon.com/rekognition/customers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">customer testimonial\u003c/a> posted on Amazon's website, the agency has used the technology to expedite its suspect identification process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Within one week of going live, the solution built on Rekognition identified a suspect for a cold case that led to an arrest through due process,\" said Chris Adzima, a senior information systems analyst for Washington County Sheriff’s Office, in the testimonial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snow says the ACLU's testing mimicked the process used by the Washington County Sheriff's Office's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This test is in parallel with those deployments,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snow says Amazon's facial recognition technology has also been used by the Orlando Police Department. \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/blog/privacy-technology/surveillance-technologies/amazon-teams-government-deploy-dangerous-new\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">An ACLU investigation\u003c/a> released in May found that Amazon aggressively marketed Rekognition to the OPD as a tool for surveillance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They were saying that the Orlando police could use it for real-time tracking, and they could use it to track people as they move around the city,\" Snow said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Technology should not be used for mass surveillance, and it shouldn't be used to track people as they go about their daily lives,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED's Ted Goldberg contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What Americans Told Us About Online Shopping Says A Lot About Amazon",
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"content": "\u003cp>On a cold December night last year, a meeting was called in the lobby of my apartment building. Concerned residents gathered to discuss a matter of great import: what to do about the swarms of packages jamming the lobby closet and overflowing into the entryway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unclaimed boxes were an eyesore and a nuisance. Finding the right package was starting to require gymnastic ability. And the boxes kept coming, by the dozens, maybe hundreds. Most of them were from Amazon: brown, with a smile on the side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On that day, the residents of this downtown Washington building decided to tame the chaos. They voted that the lobby required a redesign. The boxes would get their own new package room, behind a password-activated door. This decision would reshape the building's first floor, but they bet it would raise the value of the property. At least the ungainly stacks would be safe in a separate room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a picture of America, physically adjusting to the success of Amazon.com, the one-stop shop for everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In just two decades, founder and CEO Jeff Bezos has transformed from a Honda-driving online salesman of books to the world's richest man. He sits atop one of the most influential American companies at the center of an activity that makes up two-thirds of the U.S. economy: consumer spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Close to two-thirds of Americans now say they've bought something on Amazon, according to a new \u003ca href=\"http://maristpoll.marist.edu/npr-marist-poll-results-june-2018-digital-economy\">NPR/Marist poll\u003c/a>. That is 92 percent of America's online shoppers — which is to say, almost all of them. More than 40 percent say they buy something on Amazon once a month or more often. In fact, when people shop online, they're most likely to start on Amazon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E-commerce has been in hypergrowth mode since it started. Still, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/retail/mrts/www/data/pdf/ec_current.pdf\">only about a 10th\u003c/a> of all our shopping dollars are spent over the Internet. And in the overall retail universe, Amazon does trail far behind Walmart in annual sales. But in the world of e-commerce, Amazon is king.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can either go to Amazon on our own, at 9 o'clock at night, and have (our order) there in two days,\" said Melanie Hinchey, a mother of two who works at a tech company in Milwaukee. \"Or we could wait until the weekend, and get everybody in the car, go out shopping and hopefully we find what we want.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The convenience that Hinchey talks about appears to be habit-forming. No wonder Amazon today is worth over $800 billion — the world's second-most-valued company, behind Apple. Amazon employs more than half a million workers worldwide. (Note: Amazon is one of NPR's financial sponsors.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon has \u003ca href=\"https://www.recode.net/2017/3/29/15112314/amazon-shutting-down-diapers-com-quidsi-soap-com\">slayed so many competitors\u003c/a> that companies shiver when it enters into a new business. Even a whiff of such a move can \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/22/business/amazon-stocks.html\">rattle share prices \u003c/a>of mighty corporations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, it's much more than an online store. It makes movies and TV shows, has a massive cloud data-storage businesses where it keeps information from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/23/604384871/alexa-tell-me-a-national-security-secret-amazons-reach-goes-beyond-the-post-offi\">government \u003c/a>and numerous other companies, runs the Whole Foods grocery chain, offers people Internet-connected \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/25/560002583/amazons-newest-service-would-let-couriers-unlock-front-doors-monitored-by-camera\">door locks\u003c/a>, and makes the popular Alexa smart speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To its critics, Amazon has argued that it's actually not as dominant as it seems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there's a big difference between horizontal breadth and vertical depth,\" Jeff Wilke, head of Amazon's consumer division, told \u003cem>The Wall Street Journal\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/jeff-wilke-the-amazon-chief-who-obsesses-over-consumers-1507627802\">in October\u003c/a>. He said Amazon accounted for less than 1 percent of worldwide retail and cited \"incredible competition\" in all of Amazon's different businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think any one of these areas is a football game where there's only one winner,\" Wilke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, Amazon said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/18/603750056/long-kept-secret-amazon-says-number-of-prime-customers-topped-100-million\">more than 100 million\u003c/a> people around the world pay for its Prime subscription, which in May went up to $119 from $99 a year in the U.S. The NPR/Marist poll found that among Americans, roughly 75 million online shoppers pay for Prime — plus another 35 million use someone else's account. Put together, almost two-thirds of American online shoppers are living inside the Amazon retail universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I buy things like soy milk and body wash and shampoo — things that are shelf-stable that I know I'm going to use every week — via Prime,\" Hinchey said. \"They just come once a month. I don't even have to think about buying those things. It's a bit less of a mental load.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of shopping for basics online — batteries, toothpaste, garbage bags, cereal, canned food — is a pretty new behavioral shift. According to the NPR/Marist poll, most Americans have never shopped for basic household goods or nonperishable groceries on the Internet. But the people who \u003cem>have\u003c/em> tend to buy those things on Amazon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main draw online shoppers cite is two-day shipping. Though most retailers now offer this perk, people continue to associate it with Amazon, which all but willed this cultural change into existence. Bezos had originally \u003ca href=\"http://old.seattletimes.com/html/businesstechnology/2002168882_amazon03.html\">appalled Wall Street\u003c/a> when he announced what promised to be a money-losing proposition of unlimited two-day shipping to get people to pay into a yearly \"membership.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, Amazon's many tentacles have put the company in the crosshairs of competitors and critics from many directions. Privacy advocates have raised alarms about Amazon's data-gathering \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/25/614470096/amazon-echo-recorded-and-sent-couples-conversation-all-without-their-knowledge\">inside people's homes\u003c/a>. Reports have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/16/technology/inside-amazon-wrestling-big-ideas-in-a-bruising-workplace.html?_r=0\">scrutinized instances\u003c/a> of harsh working conditions. Retailers have blamed Amazon for \u003ca href=\"https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/02/16/borders-files-for-bankruptcy/\">bankruptcies\u003c/a>, hundreds of store closings, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/14/592882488/game-over-for-toys-r-us-chain-going-out-of-business\">historic meltdowns\u003c/a> and the death of America's malls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has emerged as a powerful detractor, criticizing Amazon's relationship with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/13/602070410/trump-issues-order-to-review-postal-service-finances-amid-criticism-of-amazon\">U.S. Postal Service\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/31/trump-amazon-post-office-jeff-bezos-492853\">Bezos' ownership\u003c/a> of \u003cem>The Washington Post. \u003c/em>There has also been talk that the president could decide that Amazon is too big and needs to be broken up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is one of those things where I focus on ... what we can control,\" Bezos said in \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-interview-axel-springer-ceo-amazon-trump-blue-origin-family-regulation-washington-post-2018-4\">an interview in April\u003c/a> in response to a question about its size. \"Amazon is now a large corporation, and I expect us to be scrutinized. We should be scrutinized. I think all large institutions should be scrutinized and examined. It's reasonable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What this scrutiny might entail exactly is unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Amazon has primarily escaped antitrust scrutiny because antitrust has become so focused on consumer welfare,\" said Lina Khan, director of legal policy at the Open Markets Institute, a think tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan, who has \u003ca href=\"https://www.yalelawjournal.org/article/amazons-antitrust-paradox\">studied Amazon\u003c/a>, said the government and the courts apply the laws in a way that focuses on whether companies are hurting customers. \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/shapiro/antitrustpopulism.pdf\">Some scholars argue\u003c/a> that is still the right approach for Amazon as it has been for other companies historically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in Khan's view, with Amazon, the issue is less about the short-term interests of consumers, but the suppliers, producers, retailers and competitors in all the areas where Amazon is dominant — many of whom now depend on Amazon to reach their own customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that's the other side of Amazon's power that is often neglected,\" Khan said. \"It shows how if you are amassing market power, antitrust won't necessarily respond to that anymore, unless it's obvious that you're also hurting consumers in some way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as far as American consumers go, Amazon's heft has not hurt the brand, which remains one of the most trusted. The NPR/Marist survey found a staggering 67 percent of American online shoppers say they have \"quite a lot\" or \"a great deal\" of trust in Amazon to protect their privacy and personal information, even though the majority of them had little to no such confidence in online retailers in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet for all their love of online shopping, Americans still like their stores. When Amazon shoppers were asked whether they would prefer to shop in stores or online, a majority answered: The store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+Americans+Told+Us+About+Online+Shopping+Says+A+Lot+About+Amazon&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On a cold December night last year, a meeting was called in the lobby of my apartment building. Concerned residents gathered to discuss a matter of great import: what to do about the swarms of packages jamming the lobby closet and overflowing into the entryway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unclaimed boxes were an eyesore and a nuisance. Finding the right package was starting to require gymnastic ability. And the boxes kept coming, by the dozens, maybe hundreds. Most of them were from Amazon: brown, with a smile on the side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On that day, the residents of this downtown Washington building decided to tame the chaos. They voted that the lobby required a redesign. The boxes would get their own new package room, behind a password-activated door. This decision would reshape the building's first floor, but they bet it would raise the value of the property. At least the ungainly stacks would be safe in a separate room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is a picture of America, physically adjusting to the success of Amazon.com, the one-stop shop for everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In just two decades, founder and CEO Jeff Bezos has transformed from a Honda-driving online salesman of books to the world's richest man. He sits atop one of the most influential American companies at the center of an activity that makes up two-thirds of the U.S. economy: consumer spending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Close to two-thirds of Americans now say they've bought something on Amazon, according to a new \u003ca href=\"http://maristpoll.marist.edu/npr-marist-poll-results-june-2018-digital-economy\">NPR/Marist poll\u003c/a>. That is 92 percent of America's online shoppers — which is to say, almost all of them. More than 40 percent say they buy something on Amazon once a month or more often. In fact, when people shop online, they're most likely to start on Amazon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>E-commerce has been in hypergrowth mode since it started. Still, \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/retail/mrts/www/data/pdf/ec_current.pdf\">only about a 10th\u003c/a> of all our shopping dollars are spent over the Internet. And in the overall retail universe, Amazon does trail far behind Walmart in annual sales. But in the world of e-commerce, Amazon is king.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can either go to Amazon on our own, at 9 o'clock at night, and have (our order) there in two days,\" said Melanie Hinchey, a mother of two who works at a tech company in Milwaukee. \"Or we could wait until the weekend, and get everybody in the car, go out shopping and hopefully we find what we want.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The convenience that Hinchey talks about appears to be habit-forming. No wonder Amazon today is worth over $800 billion — the world's second-most-valued company, behind Apple. Amazon employs more than half a million workers worldwide. (Note: Amazon is one of NPR's financial sponsors.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Amazon has \u003ca href=\"https://www.recode.net/2017/3/29/15112314/amazon-shutting-down-diapers-com-quidsi-soap-com\">slayed so many competitors\u003c/a> that companies shiver when it enters into a new business. Even a whiff of such a move can \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/12/22/business/amazon-stocks.html\">rattle share prices \u003c/a>of mighty corporations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, it's much more than an online store. It makes movies and TV shows, has a massive cloud data-storage businesses where it keeps information from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/23/604384871/alexa-tell-me-a-national-security-secret-amazons-reach-goes-beyond-the-post-offi\">government \u003c/a>and numerous other companies, runs the Whole Foods grocery chain, offers people Internet-connected \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/25/560002583/amazons-newest-service-would-let-couriers-unlock-front-doors-monitored-by-camera\">door locks\u003c/a>, and makes the popular Alexa smart speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To its critics, Amazon has argued that it's actually not as dominant as it seems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there's a big difference between horizontal breadth and vertical depth,\" Jeff Wilke, head of Amazon's consumer division, told \u003cem>The Wall Street Journal\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/jeff-wilke-the-amazon-chief-who-obsesses-over-consumers-1507627802\">in October\u003c/a>. He said Amazon accounted for less than 1 percent of worldwide retail and cited \"incredible competition\" in all of Amazon's different businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I don't think any one of these areas is a football game where there's only one winner,\" Wilke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In April, Amazon said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/18/603750056/long-kept-secret-amazon-says-number-of-prime-customers-topped-100-million\">more than 100 million\u003c/a> people around the world pay for its Prime subscription, which in May went up to $119 from $99 a year in the U.S. The NPR/Marist poll found that among Americans, roughly 75 million online shoppers pay for Prime — plus another 35 million use someone else's account. Put together, almost two-thirds of American online shoppers are living inside the Amazon retail universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I buy things like soy milk and body wash and shampoo — things that are shelf-stable that I know I'm going to use every week — via Prime,\" Hinchey said. \"They just come once a month. I don't even have to think about buying those things. It's a bit less of a mental load.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of shopping for basics online — batteries, toothpaste, garbage bags, cereal, canned food — is a pretty new behavioral shift. According to the NPR/Marist poll, most Americans have never shopped for basic household goods or nonperishable groceries on the Internet. But the people who \u003cem>have\u003c/em> tend to buy those things on Amazon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main draw online shoppers cite is two-day shipping. Though most retailers now offer this perk, people continue to associate it with Amazon, which all but willed this cultural change into existence. Bezos had originally \u003ca href=\"http://old.seattletimes.com/html/businesstechnology/2002168882_amazon03.html\">appalled Wall Street\u003c/a> when he announced what promised to be a money-losing proposition of unlimited two-day shipping to get people to pay into a yearly \"membership.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These days, Amazon's many tentacles have put the company in the crosshairs of competitors and critics from many directions. Privacy advocates have raised alarms about Amazon's data-gathering \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/05/25/614470096/amazon-echo-recorded-and-sent-couples-conversation-all-without-their-knowledge\">inside people's homes\u003c/a>. Reports have \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2015/08/16/technology/inside-amazon-wrestling-big-ideas-in-a-bruising-workplace.html?_r=0\">scrutinized instances\u003c/a> of harsh working conditions. Retailers have blamed Amazon for \u003ca href=\"https://dealbook.nytimes.com/2011/02/16/borders-files-for-bankruptcy/\">bankruptcies\u003c/a>, hundreds of store closings, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/03/14/592882488/game-over-for-toys-r-us-chain-going-out-of-business\">historic meltdowns\u003c/a> and the death of America's malls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump has emerged as a powerful detractor, criticizing Amazon's relationship with the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/13/602070410/trump-issues-order-to-review-postal-service-finances-amid-criticism-of-amazon\">U.S. Postal Service\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.politico.com/story/2018/03/31/trump-amazon-post-office-jeff-bezos-492853\">Bezos' ownership\u003c/a> of \u003cem>The Washington Post. \u003c/em>There has also been talk that the president could decide that Amazon is too big and needs to be broken up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is one of those things where I focus on ... what we can control,\" Bezos said in \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/jeff-bezos-interview-axel-springer-ceo-amazon-trump-blue-origin-family-regulation-washington-post-2018-4\">an interview in April\u003c/a> in response to a question about its size. \"Amazon is now a large corporation, and I expect us to be scrutinized. We should be scrutinized. I think all large institutions should be scrutinized and examined. It's reasonable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What this scrutiny might entail exactly is unclear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Amazon has primarily escaped antitrust scrutiny because antitrust has become so focused on consumer welfare,\" said Lina Khan, director of legal policy at the Open Markets Institute, a think tank.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Khan, who has \u003ca href=\"https://www.yalelawjournal.org/article/amazons-antitrust-paradox\">studied Amazon\u003c/a>, said the government and the courts apply the laws in a way that focuses on whether companies are hurting customers. \u003ca href=\"http://faculty.haas.berkeley.edu/shapiro/antitrustpopulism.pdf\">Some scholars argue\u003c/a> that is still the right approach for Amazon as it has been for other companies historically.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in Khan's view, with Amazon, the issue is less about the short-term interests of consumers, but the suppliers, producers, retailers and competitors in all the areas where Amazon is dominant — many of whom now depend on Amazon to reach their own customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that's the other side of Amazon's power that is often neglected,\" Khan said. \"It shows how if you are amassing market power, antitrust won't necessarily respond to that anymore, unless it's obvious that you're also hurting consumers in some way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as far as American consumers go, Amazon's heft has not hurt the brand, which remains one of the most trusted. The NPR/Marist survey found a staggering 67 percent of American online shoppers say they have \"quite a lot\" or \"a great deal\" of trust in Amazon to protect their privacy and personal information, even though the majority of them had little to no such confidence in online retailers in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet for all their love of online shopping, Americans still like their stores. When Amazon shoppers were asked whether they would prefer to shop in stores or online, a majority answered: The store.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+Americans+Told+Us+About+Online+Shopping+Says+A+Lot+About+Amazon&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Stephon Clark Shooting\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">On March 18, Stephon Clark, an unarmed 22-year-old black man and father of two young children, was shot and killed by two Sacramento police officers. Since then, the city has experienced nearly two weeks of continuous unrest and volatile protests. State Attorney General Xavier Becerra said his office would investigate the incident, at the request of the Sacramento Police Department. And today, the results of an independent autopsy ordered by Clark’s family were released: It found that Clark had been hit by eight bullets, six of which entered his body from the back and side.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">John Burris, civil rights attorney \u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Jack Glaser, UC Berkeley Goldman School of Public Policy professor and associate dean\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Katie Orr, KQED Sacramento politics and government reporter\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Tech News: Trump Attacks Amazon, Turmoil for Facebook and Tesla\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">President Trump attacked Amazon again yesterday, saying in a tweet that the company doesn’t pay enough taxes and is harming the U.S. economy. Facebook faces continuing fallout over data privacy, and Tesla issued a major recall. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We talk with MarketWatch Tech Editor and San Francisco Bureau Chief Jeremy Owens about the tech news of the week.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>2018 SFFILM Festival and \u003c/b>\u003cb>\u003ci>Sorry to Bother You\u003cbr>\n\u003c/i>\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This year’s centerpiece film at the 2018 SFFilm Festival comes from Boots Riley, an Oakland native who studied film at San Francisco State University and co-founded the hip-hop group The Coup. Riley’s directorial debut, \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sorry to Bother You,\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> is set in Oakland and takes on race, humor and capitalism through the eyes of an African-American telemarketer. SFFilm Executive Director Noah Cowan also stops by to give a preview of other festival offerings, including a documentary including a documentary about U.S. Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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"soldout": {
"id": "soldout",
"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
"info": "Sold Out: Rethinking Housing in America",
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