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"bio": "\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vinnee Tong is the managing editor of news at KQED. She oversees editorial standards \u003cspan class=\"s2\">and works to highlight underrepresented voices and perspectives\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s3\">.\u003c/span>\u003cspan class=\"s2\"> She was founding editor\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/thebaykqed\">\u003cem>The Bay,\u003c/em>\u003c/a> a storytelling news podcast from KQED\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Previously, she was a producer on the \u003ca href=\"http://baycurious.org\">\u003cem>Bay Curious\u003c/em> podcast\u003c/a> and the lead producer of \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u003cem>Truth Be Told,\u003c/em> an award-winning KQED series on race and identity distributed nationally by Public Radio International. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before KQED, Vinnee was a print reporter at the Associated Press and newspapers. \u003cspan class=\"s4\">She covered local news from city hall and planning commission hearings as well as business news from New York, like the financial meltdown of 2008. \u003c/span>She has won a\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">wards for her reporting including an RTNDA Edward R. Murrow Award, as well as awards from the New York Press Club and the Society of American Business Editors and Writers. She is a graduate of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism and the University of California at Berkeley, \u003cspan class=\"s4\">where she was editor-in-chief of \u003ci>The Daily Californian\u003c/i>.\u003c/span>\u003c/span>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Last summer, Oakland artist Katie Chin was listening to podcasts while painting in her art studio, when a story\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2018/07/20/630949390/the-market-for-air\"> on The Indicator from Planet Money caught her attention.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was about a famous 130-year-old deli in New York City called Katz’s Delicatessen. The Lower East Side neighborhood around the deli had gotten fancier — and property taxes and overhead had gotten expensive. The deli was on the brink of shutting its doors, but the owner learned he was sitting \u003ci>under \u003c/i>a whole lot of money.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\n\u003ch3>Podcast Trivia Answer\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In our this episode, we asked the trivia question: \u003cstrong>The song “Little Boxes” by Malvina Reynolds was written about what Bay Area city?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answer: Daly City\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/kqeds-bay-curious-trivia-night-hosted-by-mannys-tickets-55662802942\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a> for tickets and details for Bay Curious Trivia Night on March 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In New York City, you can buy and sell the air above or around your building so that a real estate developer somewhere else can build taller. The deli was able to stay open after the windfall the owner made selling the air rights. That got Katie in Oakland wondering if air could save some of the places she cares about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin asked Bay Curious: “As we see more and more gentrification, are there any similar mechanisms that different nonprofits or arts organizations could take advantage of, like selling the air space above where they operate?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Building Sky High\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Salesforce Tower is San Francisco’s largest skyscraper and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/06/salesforce-tower-dreamforce-tour-tallest-building-west-coast.html\">tallest office building \u003c/a>on the West Coast. But the tower would be 100 feet shorter — 51 stories instead of 61 — if it didn’t take advantage of a program called the transfer of development rights, or TDR for short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://commissions.sfplanning.org/hpcpackets/HPC_TDR_Packet_2013_07_11.pdf\">TDR program\u003c/a> is San Francisco’s version of New York City’s air market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, how high you can build is limited by two things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first is the location of your building. In some neighborhoods, like the Sunset, buildings can be only about \u003ca href=\"http://library.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/California/zoningmaps/zoningmaps?f=templates%24fn=default.htm%243.0%24vid=amlegal:sanfrancisco_ca%24anc=JD_ZoningMaps\">40 feet high\u003c/a> — about four stories. But downtown, the city allows buildings as tall as \u003ca href=\"http://library.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/California/zoningmaps/zoningmaps?f=templates%24fn=default.htm%243.0%24vid=amlegal:sanfrancisco_ca%24anc=JD_ZoningMaps\">1,000 feet high.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second thing that determines how high you can build is the amount of land you build on. Larger lots usually mean taller buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you use TDR, you can go beyond those two limiting factors and build higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11721245\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11721245\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Salesforce-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A view of the Salesforce Tower from below.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of Salesforce Tower from below. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To understand how it works, picture an imaginary cube.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On paper, for every property, we have this theoretical cube where development can occur,” says Corey Teague, zoning administrator of San Francisco’s Planning Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the theoretical cube of space that the developer of the Salesforce Tower, Boston Properties, had to build on wasn’t as big as they wanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the TDR program, they found a building by the waterfront — \u003ca href=\"http://sfplanninggis.org/docs/landmarks_and_districts/LM107.pdf\">the Rincon Annex Post Office\u003c/a> — that had a cube of air for sale exactly the size they were looking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11721243\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11721243\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Salesforce-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salesforce Tower is the largest office building on the West Coast. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“And so in the easiest sense,” says Teague, “it’s literally transferring that cube of space and adding it on top of their cube, to give them an even bigger cube to build within.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although lots of cities have air markets, San Francisco’s is fairly unusual. The city designed the program with an important limitation for an important purpose: You can buy extra cube space only from \u003cem>historical\u003c/em> buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(The cities of San Jose and Oakland don’t have their own version of an air market, but in Oakland, many in the historic preservation community are calling for the city to create one similar to San Francisco’s as part of the Downtown Oakland Specific Plan.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s program provides an incentive to preserve historical buildings because many \u003ca href=\"https://sf-planning.org/historic-preservation-faqs#raise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">can’t actually use\u003c/a> their cube space because, well, they are historical, and there are limits to the renovations they can make.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, the TDR program makes their unused air rights valuable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the air rights are sold, the owner of that building is required to use some of those funds to maintain the actual structure — such as making it earthquake-proof or repairing the facade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s TDR program was created in 1985, just after the city saw a huge development boom where a lot of high-rise office buildings were built. People worried that historical buildings would be demolished and lost forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a term that was thrown around by some folks called Manhattanization,” says Teague.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, the program has saved \u003ca href=\"http://commissions.sfplanning.org/hpcpackets/HPC_TDR_Packet_2013_07_11.pdf\"> over 100\u003c/a> historical buildings downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The development rights that were there aren’t just going unused. They’re going for additional development somewhere else in the city that can accommodate it and where we do need that development,” he says. “And so it’s really a win-win.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11721240\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11721240\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laurie Lazer, co-founder of the Luggage Store Gallery, shows off one of the masks that was made during a children’s art workshop. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The TDR Program and the Arts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When it comes to helping out struggling arts organizations in the Bay Area, like our question asker Katie Chin asked about, this program doesn’t do much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I talked to the planning department, the mayor’s office, arts organizations and a TDR broker, but in all of San Francisco, I managed to find only one arts space that has used the program: \u003ca href=\"http://www.luggagestoregallery.org/\">the Luggage Store Gallery.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Co-founder Laurie Lazer says the gallery serves between 20,000 and 25,000 people every year through events such as art workshops, exhibitions and an experimental music series.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11721242\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11721242\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-5-800x1166.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"583\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Luggage Store Gallery showed the work of Ferris Plock and Kelly Tunstall in a show titled “Preservation.” The theme of the show was loss, based on the artists’ experiences moving from home to home three or four times because of high housing costs. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of artists left the city and a lot of spaces just went ‘kaput,’ ” Lazer says. “They blossomed and then they fell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the story of the Luggage Store is a bit different. It starts in the late 80’s when Lazer first saw the \u003ca href=\"http://propertymap.sfplanning.org/\">building.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One day I was riding my bike down Market Street,” says Lazer, “and I’m always looking and I saw these windows. And at that time there were these light fixtures, and it just looked like really glorious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The building had a large “For Rent” sign out front, and before long Lazer was renting the space. When the owner died a few years later, the building went up for sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lazer and her co-founder didn’t want to leave, so they managed to find enough wealthy investors to buy the property and lease it back to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2013, when the real estate market was doing very well, those investors came back to Lazer with bad news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So basically a couple of partners said, ‘You know what? We want to sell,’ ” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11721239\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11721239 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laurie Lazer (right) with her assistant, Hana Sun Lee (left), and Moy Eng (center), director of the Community Arts Stabilization Trust (CAST), a nonprofit that helps art organizations stay afloat in the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In order to stay in the building, Lazer and Smith had to buy it from the investors. That’s when they teamed up with a local nonprofit, the Northern California Community Loan Fund, and figured out they could use a combination of low-interest financing, grants from arts foundations and the TDR program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lazer and Smith sold their air rights for more than $200,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It helped us significantly because raising $200,000 for us is a lot of work,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lazer and her co-founder are still slowly paying off their investors. They have until 2022 to raise $1.7 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need culture and we need art,” she says. “Come on, we need it! I mean the city \u003cem>needs\u003c/em> it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And at least in \u003ci>this\u003c/i> case … a little bit of air kept one arts organization alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11721238\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11721238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laurie Lazer (left), Moy Eng and Hana Sun Lee look at a painting in a recent exhibition titled “Preservation.” \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Keeping Arts in the Bay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We’ve compiled a list of resources for arts organizations that need sustainable solutions for staying in the Bay Area:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncclf.org/sfsustainability/\">San Francisco Mayor’s Office’s Non-Profit Sustainability Initiative\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://cast-sf.org/\">Community Arts Stabilization Trust\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncclf.org/\">Northern California Community Loan Fund\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/OaktownWarehouseCoalition/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oakland Warehouse Coalition\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://saferdiyspaces.org/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Safer DIY Spaces\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://oakclt.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oakland Community Land Trust\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.m0xy.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">m0xy\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Last summer, Oakland artist Katie Chin was listening to podcasts while painting in her art studio, when a story\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/money/2018/07/20/630949390/the-market-for-air\"> on The Indicator from Planet Money caught her attention.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was about a famous 130-year-old deli in New York City called Katz’s Delicatessen. The Lower East Side neighborhood around the deli had gotten fancier — and property taxes and overhead had gotten expensive. The deli was on the brink of shutting its doors, but the owner learned he was sitting \u003ci>under \u003c/i>a whole lot of money.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignleft\">\n\u003ch3>Podcast Trivia Answer\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In our this episode, we asked the trivia question: \u003cstrong>The song “Little Boxes” by Malvina Reynolds was written about what Bay Area city?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Answer: Daly City\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Click \u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/kqeds-bay-curious-trivia-night-hosted-by-mannys-tickets-55662802942\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a> for tickets and details for Bay Curious Trivia Night on March 14.\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In New York City, you can buy and sell the air above or around your building so that a real estate developer somewhere else can build taller. The deli was able to stay open after the windfall the owner made selling the air rights. That got Katie in Oakland wondering if air could save some of the places she cares about.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chin asked Bay Curious: “As we see more and more gentrification, are there any similar mechanisms that different nonprofits or arts organizations could take advantage of, like selling the air space above where they operate?”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Building Sky High\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Salesforce Tower is San Francisco’s largest skyscraper and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2017/11/06/salesforce-tower-dreamforce-tour-tallest-building-west-coast.html\">tallest office building \u003c/a>on the West Coast. But the tower would be 100 feet shorter — 51 stories instead of 61 — if it didn’t take advantage of a program called the transfer of development rights, or TDR for short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://commissions.sfplanning.org/hpcpackets/HPC_TDR_Packet_2013_07_11.pdf\">TDR program\u003c/a> is San Francisco’s version of New York City’s air market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, how high you can build is limited by two things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first is the location of your building. In some neighborhoods, like the Sunset, buildings can be only about \u003ca href=\"http://library.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/California/zoningmaps/zoningmaps?f=templates%24fn=default.htm%243.0%24vid=amlegal:sanfrancisco_ca%24anc=JD_ZoningMaps\">40 feet high\u003c/a> — about four stories. But downtown, the city allows buildings as tall as \u003ca href=\"http://library.amlegal.com/nxt/gateway.dll/California/zoningmaps/zoningmaps?f=templates%24fn=default.htm%243.0%24vid=amlegal:sanfrancisco_ca%24anc=JD_ZoningMaps\">1,000 feet high.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second thing that determines how high you can build is the amount of land you build on. Larger lots usually mean taller buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you use TDR, you can go beyond those two limiting factors and build higher.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11721245\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11721245\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Salesforce-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A view of the Salesforce Tower from below.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A view of Salesforce Tower from below. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To understand how it works, picture an imaginary cube.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“On paper, for every property, we have this theoretical cube where development can occur,” says Corey Teague, zoning administrator of San Francisco’s Planning Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the theoretical cube of space that the developer of the Salesforce Tower, Boston Properties, had to build on wasn’t as big as they wanted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through the TDR program, they found a building by the waterfront — \u003ca href=\"http://sfplanninggis.org/docs/landmarks_and_districts/LM107.pdf\">the Rincon Annex Post Office\u003c/a> — that had a cube of air for sale exactly the size they were looking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11721243\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11721243\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Salesforce-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Salesforce Tower is the largest office building on the West Coast. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“And so in the easiest sense,” says Teague, “it’s literally transferring that cube of space and adding it on top of their cube, to give them an even bigger cube to build within.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although lots of cities have air markets, San Francisco’s is fairly unusual. The city designed the program with an important limitation for an important purpose: You can buy extra cube space only from \u003cem>historical\u003c/em> buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(The cities of San Jose and Oakland don’t have their own version of an air market, but in Oakland, many in the historic preservation community are calling for the city to create one similar to San Francisco’s as part of the Downtown Oakland Specific Plan.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s program provides an incentive to preserve historical buildings because many \u003ca href=\"https://sf-planning.org/historic-preservation-faqs#raise\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">can’t actually use\u003c/a> their cube space because, well, they are historical, and there are limits to the renovations they can make.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, the TDR program makes their unused air rights valuable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the air rights are sold, the owner of that building is required to use some of those funds to maintain the actual structure — such as making it earthquake-proof or repairing the facade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco’s TDR program was created in 1985, just after the city saw a huge development boom where a lot of high-rise office buildings were built. People worried that historical buildings would be demolished and lost forever.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was a term that was thrown around by some folks called Manhattanization,” says Teague.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To date, the program has saved \u003ca href=\"http://commissions.sfplanning.org/hpcpackets/HPC_TDR_Packet_2013_07_11.pdf\"> over 100\u003c/a> historical buildings downtown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The development rights that were there aren’t just going unused. They’re going for additional development somewhere else in the city that can accommodate it and where we do need that development,” he says. “And so it’s really a win-win.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11721240\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11721240\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laurie Lazer, co-founder of the Luggage Store Gallery, shows off one of the masks that was made during a children’s art workshop. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>The TDR Program and the Arts\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>When it comes to helping out struggling arts organizations in the Bay Area, like our question asker Katie Chin asked about, this program doesn’t do much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I talked to the planning department, the mayor’s office, arts organizations and a TDR broker, but in all of San Francisco, I managed to find only one arts space that has used the program: \u003ca href=\"http://www.luggagestoregallery.org/\">the Luggage Store Gallery.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Co-founder Laurie Lazer says the gallery serves between 20,000 and 25,000 people every year through events such as art workshops, exhibitions and an experimental music series.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11721242\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11721242\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-5-800x1166.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"583\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Luggage Store Gallery showed the work of Ferris Plock and Kelly Tunstall in a show titled “Preservation.” The theme of the show was loss, based on the artists’ experiences moving from home to home three or four times because of high housing costs. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“A lot of artists left the city and a lot of spaces just went ‘kaput,’ ” Lazer says. “They blossomed and then they fell.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the story of the Luggage Store is a bit different. It starts in the late 80’s when Lazer first saw the \u003ca href=\"http://propertymap.sfplanning.org/\">building.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One day I was riding my bike down Market Street,” says Lazer, “and I’m always looking and I saw these windows. And at that time there were these light fixtures, and it just looked like really glorious.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The building had a large “For Rent” sign out front, and before long Lazer was renting the space. When the owner died a few years later, the building went up for sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lazer and her co-founder didn’t want to leave, so they managed to find enough wealthy investors to buy the property and lease it back to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in 2013, when the real estate market was doing very well, those investors came back to Lazer with bad news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So basically a couple of partners said, ‘You know what? We want to sell,’ ” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11721239\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11721239 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laurie Lazer (right) with her assistant, Hana Sun Lee (left), and Moy Eng (center), director of the Community Arts Stabilization Trust (CAST), a nonprofit that helps art organizations stay afloat in the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In order to stay in the building, Lazer and Smith had to buy it from the investors. That’s when they teamed up with a local nonprofit, the Northern California Community Loan Fund, and figured out they could use a combination of low-interest financing, grants from arts foundations and the TDR program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lazer and Smith sold their air rights for more than $200,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It helped us significantly because raising $200,000 for us is a lot of work,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lazer and her co-founder are still slowly paying off their investors. They have until 2022 to raise $1.7 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need culture and we need art,” she says. “Come on, we need it! I mean the city \u003cem>needs\u003c/em> it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And at least in \u003ci>this\u003c/i> case … a little bit of air kept one arts organization alive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11721238\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11721238\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/LuggageStoreGallery-3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laurie Lazer (left), Moy Eng and Hana Sun Lee look at a painting in a recent exhibition titled “Preservation.” \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Keeping Arts in the Bay\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We’ve compiled a list of resources for arts organizations that need sustainable solutions for staying in the Bay Area:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncclf.org/sfsustainability/\">San Francisco Mayor’s Office’s Non-Profit Sustainability Initiative\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://cast-sf.org/\">Community Arts Stabilization Trust\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncclf.org/\">Northern California Community Loan Fund\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/OaktownWarehouseCoalition/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oakland Warehouse Coalition\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://saferdiyspaces.org/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Safer DIY Spaces\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://oakclt.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Oakland Community Land Trust\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.m0xy.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">m0xy\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "mile-rocks-a-lighthouse-unlike-any-other",
"title": "Mile Rocks: A Bay Area Lighthouse Unlike Any Other",
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"content": "\u003cp>As a major shipping port, the Bay Area has a lot of lighthouses to help with navigation, but there’s one lighthouse that looks quite different from the rest: \u003ca href=\"http://lighthousefriends.com/light.asp?ID=77\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mile Rocks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11719192\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 690px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11719192\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34680_HH-3F_on_Mile_Rocks_Light_1990-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"690\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34680_HH-3F_on_Mile_Rocks_Light_1990-qut.jpg 690w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34680_HH-3F_on_Mile_Rocks_Light_1990-qut-160x112.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A U.S. Coast Guard helicopter lands on Mile Rocks Lighthouse in 1990. \u003ccite>(Lt. John Gaffney/United States Navy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Instead of a tall tower, it’s a short, white cylinder with a helipad on top of it. And instead of sitting on a coastline, it sits on top of a rock in the water on the southwest side of the Golden Gate Bridge, not far from Lands End in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Jeremy Johnstone didn’t pay much attention to this helipad until he saw something peculiar there one day around 30 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was with friends below the Legion of Honor walking on the golf course, and we noticed a Coast Guard helicopter hovering over the Mile Rocks Lighthouse,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnstone thought it was strange that the helicopter wasn’t trying to land on the helipad, so he kept on watching.\u003cbr>\n[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003cbr>\n“I remember like a hatchway opening and maybe a little tight type of platform or a ramp that somebody walked out on, and the helicopter communicated with that person by lowering a bucket or container,” he said. “The person on the ramp took something out of the bucket. The bucket got hoisted up and then they went back inside [the lighthouse].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnstone thought the site was defunct, but he’d just witnessed what looked like some sort of “Mission: Impossible” operation. It made him wonder about the history of the site and if there were any lighthouse keepers still working there.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Building the Beacon\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The waters around Mile Rocks are some of the most dangerous in the bay. “[It] was an area in which there were many, many shipwrecks, dozens of shipwrecks,” says maritime historian Ralph Shanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the 1901 crash of the Rio de Janeiro passenger ship was the wreck that provided a somber wake-up call. The pilot and captain got confused trying to navigate through heavy fog in the bay, struck an underwater ledge and sank in about 8 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11719187\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Call_Thu__Feb_28__1901_.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11719187 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Call_Thu__Feb_28__1901_-800x1065.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1065\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Call_Thu__Feb_28__1901_-800x1065.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Call_Thu__Feb_28__1901_-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Call_Thu__Feb_28__1901_-1020x1358.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Call_Thu__Feb_28__1901_-901x1200.jpg 901w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Call_Thu__Feb_28__1901_-1920x2557.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A full page spread in the Feb. 28, 1901 edition of the San Francisco Call on the aftermath of the crash of the Rio de Janeiro. \u003ccite>(Newspapers.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More than 100 lives were lost, and soon after the wreck, Congress approved funding for a lighthouse on Mile Rocks. But building on the site wasn’t easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rocks out there could be wave swept,” Shanks said. “It was easy to get washed off. It’s treacherous out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first construction crew hired by contractor James McMahon took one look at the site and refused to work. They didn’t think it was worth risking their own lives to build the lighthouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So McMahon went to San Francisco’s wharf and hired sailors who were used to working on the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They weren’t afraid of being washed off,” Shanks said of the sailors. “If some of them got washed off, which did happen, they would rescue them and bring them back on to the light, and they’d kid and joke about it, but they still kept on going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Remote Life for the Keepers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The final structure ended up being 85 feet tall with three tiers in decreasing sizes, topped by a lantern room. Lighthouse keepers who staffed it had to keep the lantern lens clean, run the foghorn and report the weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11719191\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11719191\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34681_Mile_Rocks_Lighthouse_1962-qut-1-800x1000.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34681_Mile_Rocks_Lighthouse_1962-qut-1-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34681_Mile_Rocks_Lighthouse_1962-qut-1-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34681_Mile_Rocks_Lighthouse_1962-qut-1-1020x1276.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34681_Mile_Rocks_Lighthouse_1962-qut-1-960x1200.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34681_Mile_Rocks_Lighthouse_1962-qut-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mile Rocks Lighthouse in 1962, just a few years before its top two tiers would be removed and a helipad installed. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There wasn’t a lot of space inside, and because it was so remote, the United States Lighthouse Board made it a “stag” station, meaning only men could work there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was hard for the families because most of the keepers were married, and so their families had to live ashore. Some lived close by in San Francisco. Some would live quite a ways away,” Shanks said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says a typical shift was two weeks on and one week off. To adjust, lighthouse keepers found creative ways to stay in touch with their loved ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One couple, the wife would walk out to Lands End in San Francisco, and she would walk her dog and carry a light, and each time in the evening, she would go out and flash her light, and he would flash a light on the lighthouse and they would signal each other to say ‘Good night,’ ” Shanks said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the lighthouse being remote, it was scary to work there, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the waves built up, one of the things that could happen at Mile Rocks was they would pound the building and the whole lighthouse could shake,” Shanks said. “So keepers kind of wondered if they’d still be there the next morning after terrible storms like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11719186\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11719186\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34676_wave-swept-Mile-rocks-Courtesy-US-Coast-Guard-qut-e1547794325603-800x638.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34676_wave-swept-Mile-rocks-Courtesy-US-Coast-Guard-qut-e1547794325603-800x638.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34676_wave-swept-Mile-rocks-Courtesy-US-Coast-Guard-qut-e1547794325603-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34676_wave-swept-Mile-rocks-Courtesy-US-Coast-Guard-qut-e1547794325603-1020x813.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34676_wave-swept-Mile-rocks-Courtesy-US-Coast-Guard-qut-e1547794325603-1200x956.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34676_wave-swept-Mile-rocks-Courtesy-US-Coast-Guard-qut-e1547794325603-1920x1530.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Waves crash into the Mile Rocks Lighthouse. \u003ccite>(United States Coast Guard)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A Move Toward Automation … and Decapitation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Eventually the Coast Guard decided it was too dangerous and too expensive to have people working at Mile Rocks. So in the 1960s, it developed plans to automate the lighthouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the plans included more than just eliminating the lighthouse keeper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Coast Guard had people in the service who wanted to convert Mile Rocks from being a beautiful lighthouse to being a flat platform in which helicopters could be landed on it,” Shanks said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11719194\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11719194\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Examiner_Mon__Aug_16__1965_-800x1302.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1302\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Examiner_Mon__Aug_16__1965_-800x1302.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Examiner_Mon__Aug_16__1965_-160x260.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Examiner_Mon__Aug_16__1965_-1020x1661.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Examiner_Mon__Aug_16__1965_-737x1200.jpg 737w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Examiner_Mon__Aug_16__1965_-1920x3126.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An article in the Aug. 16, 1965, edition of the San Francisco Examiner describes the effort to save Mile Rocks Lighthouse. \u003ccite>(Newspapers.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Coast Guard wanted to remove the upper two tiers and the lantern room of the lighthouse and then create a helipad on the lowest tier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost-saving plan sparked massive public protest. San Francisco Supervisor William Blake, who had a maritime background, and the Conference of California Historical Societies led the effort to prevent the transformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All these different people tried to stop that conversion because this was the most spectacular lighthouse, really, in San Francisco Bay,” Shanks said. “But the Coast Guard was committed to its plan, and they cut the top portion of the lighthouse off, destroying the structure as far as beauty goes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last lighthouse keepers left Mile Rocks in the summer of 1965. It was closed for a few months while the Coast Guard took off the top tiers and installed the helipad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lighthouse soon reopened as a fully automated station. Since then, many of the things a lighthouse keeper would’ve done have been done by machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coast Guard still makes regular maintenance trips there by helicopter, and that’s probably what Johnstone saw 30 years ago — not some cool Tom Cruise caper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But strong winds at the site still make those maintenance trips quite dangerous, and keeping ships safe despite the danger is very cool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11719183\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11719183\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34667_Bay-curious-Listener-Jeremy-Johnstone-Chris-Hambrick-1-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34667_Bay-curious-Listener-Jeremy-Johnstone-Chris-Hambrick-1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34667_Bay-curious-Listener-Jeremy-Johnstone-Chris-Hambrick-1-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34667_Bay-curious-Listener-Jeremy-Johnstone-Chris-Hambrick-1-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34667_Bay-curious-Listener-Jeremy-Johnstone-Chris-Hambrick-1-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34667_Bay-curious-Listener-Jeremy-Johnstone-Chris-Hambrick-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeremy Johnstone pinches Mile Rocks Lighthouse between his fingers while standing at Lands End in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Chris Hambrick/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As a major shipping port, the Bay Area has a lot of lighthouses to help with navigation, but there’s one lighthouse that looks quite different from the rest: \u003ca href=\"http://lighthousefriends.com/light.asp?ID=77\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mile Rocks\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11719192\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 690px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11719192\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34680_HH-3F_on_Mile_Rocks_Light_1990-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"690\" height=\"485\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34680_HH-3F_on_Mile_Rocks_Light_1990-qut.jpg 690w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34680_HH-3F_on_Mile_Rocks_Light_1990-qut-160x112.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A U.S. Coast Guard helicopter lands on Mile Rocks Lighthouse in 1990. \u003ccite>(Lt. John Gaffney/United States Navy)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Instead of a tall tower, it’s a short, white cylinder with a helipad on top of it. And instead of sitting on a coastline, it sits on top of a rock in the water on the southwest side of the Golden Gate Bridge, not far from Lands End in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Jeremy Johnstone didn’t pay much attention to this helipad until he saw something peculiar there one day around 30 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was with friends below the Legion of Honor walking on the golf course, and we noticed a Coast Guard helicopter hovering over the Mile Rocks Lighthouse,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnstone thought it was strange that the helicopter wasn’t trying to land on the helipad, so he kept on watching.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n“I remember like a hatchway opening and maybe a little tight type of platform or a ramp that somebody walked out on, and the helicopter communicated with that person by lowering a bucket or container,” he said. “The person on the ramp took something out of the bucket. The bucket got hoisted up and then they went back inside [the lighthouse].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnstone thought the site was defunct, but he’d just witnessed what looked like some sort of “Mission: Impossible” operation. It made him wonder about the history of the site and if there were any lighthouse keepers still working there.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Building the Beacon\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The waters around Mile Rocks are some of the most dangerous in the bay. “[It] was an area in which there were many, many shipwrecks, dozens of shipwrecks,” says maritime historian Ralph Shanks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says the 1901 crash of the Rio de Janeiro passenger ship was the wreck that provided a somber wake-up call. The pilot and captain got confused trying to navigate through heavy fog in the bay, struck an underwater ledge and sank in about 8 minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11719187\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Call_Thu__Feb_28__1901_.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11719187 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Call_Thu__Feb_28__1901_-800x1065.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1065\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Call_Thu__Feb_28__1901_-800x1065.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Call_Thu__Feb_28__1901_-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Call_Thu__Feb_28__1901_-1020x1358.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Call_Thu__Feb_28__1901_-901x1200.jpg 901w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Call_Thu__Feb_28__1901_-1920x2557.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A full page spread in the Feb. 28, 1901 edition of the San Francisco Call on the aftermath of the crash of the Rio de Janeiro. \u003ccite>(Newspapers.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>More than 100 lives were lost, and soon after the wreck, Congress approved funding for a lighthouse on Mile Rocks. But building on the site wasn’t easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The rocks out there could be wave swept,” Shanks said. “It was easy to get washed off. It’s treacherous out there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first construction crew hired by contractor James McMahon took one look at the site and refused to work. They didn’t think it was worth risking their own lives to build the lighthouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So McMahon went to San Francisco’s wharf and hired sailors who were used to working on the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They weren’t afraid of being washed off,” Shanks said of the sailors. “If some of them got washed off, which did happen, they would rescue them and bring them back on to the light, and they’d kid and joke about it, but they still kept on going.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Remote Life for the Keepers\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The final structure ended up being 85 feet tall with three tiers in decreasing sizes, topped by a lantern room. Lighthouse keepers who staffed it had to keep the lantern lens clean, run the foghorn and report the weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11719191\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11719191\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34681_Mile_Rocks_Lighthouse_1962-qut-1-800x1000.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34681_Mile_Rocks_Lighthouse_1962-qut-1-800x1000.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34681_Mile_Rocks_Lighthouse_1962-qut-1-160x200.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34681_Mile_Rocks_Lighthouse_1962-qut-1-1020x1276.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34681_Mile_Rocks_Lighthouse_1962-qut-1-960x1200.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34681_Mile_Rocks_Lighthouse_1962-qut-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mile Rocks Lighthouse in 1962, just a few years before its top two tiers would be removed and a helipad installed. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There wasn’t a lot of space inside, and because it was so remote, the United States Lighthouse Board made it a “stag” station, meaning only men could work there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That was hard for the families because most of the keepers were married, and so their families had to live ashore. Some lived close by in San Francisco. Some would live quite a ways away,” Shanks said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says a typical shift was two weeks on and one week off. To adjust, lighthouse keepers found creative ways to stay in touch with their loved ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One couple, the wife would walk out to Lands End in San Francisco, and she would walk her dog and carry a light, and each time in the evening, she would go out and flash her light, and he would flash a light on the lighthouse and they would signal each other to say ‘Good night,’ ” Shanks said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the lighthouse being remote, it was scary to work there, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the waves built up, one of the things that could happen at Mile Rocks was they would pound the building and the whole lighthouse could shake,” Shanks said. “So keepers kind of wondered if they’d still be there the next morning after terrible storms like that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11719186\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11719186\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34676_wave-swept-Mile-rocks-Courtesy-US-Coast-Guard-qut-e1547794325603-800x638.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34676_wave-swept-Mile-rocks-Courtesy-US-Coast-Guard-qut-e1547794325603-800x638.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34676_wave-swept-Mile-rocks-Courtesy-US-Coast-Guard-qut-e1547794325603-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34676_wave-swept-Mile-rocks-Courtesy-US-Coast-Guard-qut-e1547794325603-1020x813.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34676_wave-swept-Mile-rocks-Courtesy-US-Coast-Guard-qut-e1547794325603-1200x956.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34676_wave-swept-Mile-rocks-Courtesy-US-Coast-Guard-qut-e1547794325603-1920x1530.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Waves crash into the Mile Rocks Lighthouse. \u003ccite>(United States Coast Guard)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A Move Toward Automation … and Decapitation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Eventually the Coast Guard decided it was too dangerous and too expensive to have people working at Mile Rocks. So in the 1960s, it developed plans to automate the lighthouse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the plans included more than just eliminating the lighthouse keeper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Coast Guard had people in the service who wanted to convert Mile Rocks from being a beautiful lighthouse to being a flat platform in which helicopters could be landed on it,” Shanks said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11719194\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11719194\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Examiner_Mon__Aug_16__1965_-800x1302.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1302\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Examiner_Mon__Aug_16__1965_-800x1302.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Examiner_Mon__Aug_16__1965_-160x260.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Examiner_Mon__Aug_16__1965_-1020x1661.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Examiner_Mon__Aug_16__1965_-737x1200.jpg 737w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/The_San_Francisco_Examiner_Mon__Aug_16__1965_-1920x3126.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An article in the Aug. 16, 1965, edition of the San Francisco Examiner describes the effort to save Mile Rocks Lighthouse. \u003ccite>(Newspapers.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Coast Guard wanted to remove the upper two tiers and the lantern room of the lighthouse and then create a helipad on the lowest tier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cost-saving plan sparked massive public protest. San Francisco Supervisor William Blake, who had a maritime background, and the Conference of California Historical Societies led the effort to prevent the transformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“All these different people tried to stop that conversion because this was the most spectacular lighthouse, really, in San Francisco Bay,” Shanks said. “But the Coast Guard was committed to its plan, and they cut the top portion of the lighthouse off, destroying the structure as far as beauty goes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last lighthouse keepers left Mile Rocks in the summer of 1965. It was closed for a few months while the Coast Guard took off the top tiers and installed the helipad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lighthouse soon reopened as a fully automated station. Since then, many of the things a lighthouse keeper would’ve done have been done by machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Coast Guard still makes regular maintenance trips there by helicopter, and that’s probably what Johnstone saw 30 years ago — not some cool Tom Cruise caper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But strong winds at the site still make those maintenance trips quite dangerous, and keeping ships safe despite the danger is very cool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11719183\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11719183\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34667_Bay-curious-Listener-Jeremy-Johnstone-Chris-Hambrick-1-qut-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34667_Bay-curious-Listener-Jeremy-Johnstone-Chris-Hambrick-1-qut-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34667_Bay-curious-Listener-Jeremy-Johnstone-Chris-Hambrick-1-qut-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34667_Bay-curious-Listener-Jeremy-Johnstone-Chris-Hambrick-1-qut-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34667_Bay-curious-Listener-Jeremy-Johnstone-Chris-Hambrick-1-qut-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/RS34667_Bay-curious-Listener-Jeremy-Johnstone-Chris-Hambrick-1-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jeremy Johnstone pinches Mile Rocks Lighthouse between his fingers while standing at Lands End in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Chris Hambrick/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "From Aviators to Apps: The Evolution of Traffic Data",
"headTitle": "From Aviators to Apps: The Evolution of Traffic Data | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Commuting on Bay Area roads is a pretty awful experience. Personal finance site \u003ca href=\"https://wallethub.com/edu/best-worst-cities-to-drive-in/13964/\">WalletHub recently ranked it\u003c/a> as the second worst place to drive in the country. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many have turned to using GPS-powered apps like Google Maps or Waze to prepare for slowdowns or find detours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718902/the-people-behind-the-voices-of-kqeds-traffic-reports\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">tracking the roadways\u003c/a> wasn’t always this easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Early Days of Traffic Reporting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After World War II, the Bay Area became a much more sprawling place as rural areas were transformed into suburbs. A network of freeways sprouted up, and by the 1950s, a lot more people were driving cars to get around. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new demand arose for traffic information, and the easiest way to keep watch on the roadways was from the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Helicopter pilots were coming back from their time in the military, whether they were serving here in the States, or in Korea, or later Vietnam,” says John Goodwin, a public information officer with the Metropolitan Transportation Commission. “Traffic helicopters would fly over the freeways and report back to the ground. The drivers would receive this information via their in-dash radio.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News stations also hired traffic reporters to do a more grueling job: actually sit in traffic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/oL9PNDGvhj0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Various stations would have a fleet, or sometimes a single car, that was radio-equipped,” says Goodwin. “They would have a reporter travel a prescribed loop and report back how long it took.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most news stations could afford their own helicopter and traffic reporters, but those days were numbered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 1970s energy crisis, it became too expensive for news stations to operate a fleet of helicopters to monitor the freeway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That led to a sharing of information,” Goodwin says. “Rather than each individual station having its own helicopter, you could have a traffic service, and that would provide information to multiple radio or television stations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11718849\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11718849\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Screen-Shot-2019-01-16-at-7.22.08-PM-800x581.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Screen-Shot-2019-01-16-at-7.22.08-PM-800x581.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Screen-Shot-2019-01-16-at-7.22.08-PM-160x116.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Screen-Shot-2019-01-16-at-7.22.08-PM-1020x740.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Screen-Shot-2019-01-16-at-7.22.08-PM-1200x871.png 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Screen-Shot-2019-01-16-at-7.22.08-PM-1920x1393.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Traffic reporters once used white boards to track the commute. \u003ccite>(KRON)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>FasTrak Changes the Game\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Between 1999 and 2000, traffic data made a quantum leap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The FasTrak system introduced first at the Golden Gate Bridge, and then ultimately on the rest of the bridges, became a way to gather information,” Goodwin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of its deployment of the 511 traffic information system, the MTC set up over-the-road antennae around the Bay Area that could track how long it took a car with a FasTrak transponder to get from Point A to Point B. They’d then aggregate and anonymize the data, and provide precise point-to-point travel times throughout the region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qUx5B7S6Vic\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That became more effective, and more efficient, and consequently the number of traffic helicopters declined,” Goodwin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system had a flaw, though. Because it depended on cars having FasTrak tags, it worked better where more residents had FasTrak — usually in the communities closest to the toll bridges. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Travel times were least accurate in places like eastern Contra Costa County, eastern Alameda County or in the South Bay, Goodwin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FasTrak method of traffic monitoring would stick around only for a short time. By 2007, cellphones started to become increasingly outfitted with GPS capability.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Problems Navigation Apps Cause\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>These days, GPS data powers most of the sources that commuters and traffic reporters use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any app that you have turned on that has some form of geolocation — whether it’s a navigation app, whether it’s an app such as a social network, whether it’s a game — it has the ability to collect GPS data and potentially to send it to a third party,” says Alex Bayen, a UC Berkeley professor and the director of its Institute of Transportation Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your wireless service provider could be sharing your location data or even the company that makes your car. Chances are good if you’ve got a phone in the car, you are a data point — perhaps many times over — simultaneously a provider and consumer of traffic data.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>How Do KQED’s Traffic Reporters Get Their Information?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Ever wonder how traffic reporters like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718902/the-people-behind-the-voices-of-kqeds-traffic-reports\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Joe McConnell and Julie Deppish\u003c/a> have so much traffic information at their fingertips? These sources are their go-tos:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cad.chp.ca.gov/Traffic.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Highway Patrol Traffic Incident Website\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sigalert.com/map.asp?lat=37.65294&lon=-122.45233&z=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SigAlert\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://quickmap.dot.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Caltrans QuickMap\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/video/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Live Traffic Cameras\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718902/the-people-behind-the-voices-of-kqeds-traffic-reports\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">WATCH\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>: Go behind the mic with McConnell and Deppish to see how their jobs have changed over the years.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718902/the-people-behind-the-voices-of-kqeds-traffic-reports\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/featured_image-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11718963\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/featured_image-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/featured_image-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/featured_image-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/featured_image-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/featured_image.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The move to GPS data has vastly improved the quality of traffic data. But studies show there is a downside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number one problem it has created is the emergence of new traffic jams in residential areas that didn’t used to be there before,” says Berkeley’s Alex Bayen. “That’s a big problem in California and all around the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You know the scenario. There’s a wreck up ahead, and the app says you can save seven minutes by taking a detour through some small town. You exit the highway … along with a lot of other drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suddenly there’s a new traffic jam on a street not equipped to handle such a high volume of cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These apps’ lack of predictive routing is the source of the problem. They don’t think ahead to the traffic jam they’ll create by sending 200 cars down a residential street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities have started to fight back by taking steps to make their town a less appealing detour. They’ve intentionally slowed traffic by adding stop signs or changing the timing of traffic lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re at the beginning of a war between cities and these apps,” Bayen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’d like to see cities and app developers come together to solve some of these problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the only way it can [get] better is if we have the proper institutional framework for these apps and services to work in coordination with public agencies,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One idea? Specify how many cars that apps can route along certain roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OTYHrozkazg\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "From flying high in the 1950s to the tech-powered tools today, there's always been a need for information about traffic on the roads.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Commuting on Bay Area roads is a pretty awful experience. Personal finance site \u003ca href=\"https://wallethub.com/edu/best-worst-cities-to-drive-in/13964/\">WalletHub recently ranked it\u003c/a> as the second worst place to drive in the country. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many have turned to using GPS-powered apps like Google Maps or Waze to prepare for slowdowns or find detours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718902/the-people-behind-the-voices-of-kqeds-traffic-reports\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">tracking the roadways\u003c/a> wasn’t always this easy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Early Days of Traffic Reporting\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>After World War II, the Bay Area became a much more sprawling place as rural areas were transformed into suburbs. A network of freeways sprouted up, and by the 1950s, a lot more people were driving cars to get around. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new demand arose for traffic information, and the easiest way to keep watch on the roadways was from the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Helicopter pilots were coming back from their time in the military, whether they were serving here in the States, or in Korea, or later Vietnam,” says John Goodwin, a public information officer with the Metropolitan Transportation Commission. “Traffic helicopters would fly over the freeways and report back to the ground. The drivers would receive this information via their in-dash radio.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News stations also hired traffic reporters to do a more grueling job: actually sit in traffic.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/oL9PNDGvhj0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/oL9PNDGvhj0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“Various stations would have a fleet, or sometimes a single car, that was radio-equipped,” says Goodwin. “They would have a reporter travel a prescribed loop and report back how long it took.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most news stations could afford their own helicopter and traffic reporters, but those days were numbered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the 1970s energy crisis, it became too expensive for news stations to operate a fleet of helicopters to monitor the freeway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That led to a sharing of information,” Goodwin says. “Rather than each individual station having its own helicopter, you could have a traffic service, and that would provide information to multiple radio or television stations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11718849\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11718849\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Screen-Shot-2019-01-16-at-7.22.08-PM-800x581.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"581\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Screen-Shot-2019-01-16-at-7.22.08-PM-800x581.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Screen-Shot-2019-01-16-at-7.22.08-PM-160x116.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Screen-Shot-2019-01-16-at-7.22.08-PM-1020x740.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Screen-Shot-2019-01-16-at-7.22.08-PM-1200x871.png 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/Screen-Shot-2019-01-16-at-7.22.08-PM-1920x1393.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Traffic reporters once used white boards to track the commute. \u003ccite>(KRON)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>FasTrak Changes the Game\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Between 1999 and 2000, traffic data made a quantum leap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The FasTrak system introduced first at the Golden Gate Bridge, and then ultimately on the rest of the bridges, became a way to gather information,” Goodwin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As part of its deployment of the 511 traffic information system, the MTC set up over-the-road antennae around the Bay Area that could track how long it took a car with a FasTrak transponder to get from Point A to Point B. They’d then aggregate and anonymize the data, and provide precise point-to-point travel times throughout the region.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/qUx5B7S6Vic'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/qUx5B7S6Vic'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“That became more effective, and more efficient, and consequently the number of traffic helicopters declined,” Goodwin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system had a flaw, though. Because it depended on cars having FasTrak tags, it worked better where more residents had FasTrak — usually in the communities closest to the toll bridges. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Travel times were least accurate in places like eastern Contra Costa County, eastern Alameda County or in the South Bay, Goodwin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FasTrak method of traffic monitoring would stick around only for a short time. By 2007, cellphones started to become increasingly outfitted with GPS capability.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Problems Navigation Apps Cause\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>These days, GPS data powers most of the sources that commuters and traffic reporters use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Any app that you have turned on that has some form of geolocation — whether it’s a navigation app, whether it’s an app such as a social network, whether it’s a game — it has the ability to collect GPS data and potentially to send it to a third party,” says Alex Bayen, a UC Berkeley professor and the director of its Institute of Transportation Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Your wireless service provider could be sharing your location data or even the company that makes your car. Chances are good if you’ve got a phone in the car, you are a data point — perhaps many times over — simultaneously a provider and consumer of traffic data.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>How Do KQED’s Traffic Reporters Get Their Information?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Ever wonder how traffic reporters like \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718902/the-people-behind-the-voices-of-kqeds-traffic-reports\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Joe McConnell and Julie Deppish\u003c/a> have so much traffic information at their fingertips? These sources are their go-tos:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://cad.chp.ca.gov/Traffic.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California Highway Patrol Traffic Incident Website\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sigalert.com/map.asp?lat=37.65294&lon=-122.45233&z=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SigAlert\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://quickmap.dot.ca.gov/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Caltrans QuickMap\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.dot.ca.gov/video/index.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Live Traffic Cameras\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718902/the-people-behind-the-voices-of-kqeds-traffic-reports\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">WATCH\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>: Go behind the mic with McConnell and Deppish to see how their jobs have changed over the years.\u003cbr>\n\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11718902/the-people-behind-the-voices-of-kqeds-traffic-reports\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/featured_image-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11718963\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/featured_image-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/featured_image-160x90.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/featured_image-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/featured_image-1200x675.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/featured_image.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The move to GPS data has vastly improved the quality of traffic data. But studies show there is a downside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The number one problem it has created is the emergence of new traffic jams in residential areas that didn’t used to be there before,” says Berkeley’s Alex Bayen. “That’s a big problem in California and all around the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You know the scenario. There’s a wreck up ahead, and the app says you can save seven minutes by taking a detour through some small town. You exit the highway … along with a lot of other drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suddenly there’s a new traffic jam on a street not equipped to handle such a high volume of cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These apps’ lack of predictive routing is the source of the problem. They don’t think ahead to the traffic jam they’ll create by sending 200 cars down a residential street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some cities have started to fight back by taking steps to make their town a less appealing detour. They’ve intentionally slowed traffic by adding stop signs or changing the timing of traffic lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re at the beginning of a war between cities and these apps,” Bayen says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’d like to see cities and app developers come together to solve some of these problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the only way it can [get] better is if we have the proper institutional framework for these apps and services to work in coordination with public agencies,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One idea? Specify how many cars that apps can route along certain roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/OTYHrozkazg'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/OTYHrozkazg'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "when-recycling-pays-and-when-it-doesnt",
"title": "When Recycling Pays the Bills ... and When It Doesn't",
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"content": "\u003cp>How many times have you looked at the top of a soda can or the side of a bottle, and seen a 5- or 10-cent CRV stamp? Chances are you barely considered it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003cbr>\nBut for people who gather aluminum cans and plastic bottles, that CRV inscription means \u003cem>money\u003c/em>. Enough money that \u003ca href=\"https://knpr.org/knpr/2018-09/recycling-fraud-ongoing-issue-california-states-deposit-laws\">smugglers\u003c/a> have been caught trying to bring in more than $80,000 worth of empty beverage containers from Arizona and Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The value of recyclables piqued the interest of this week’s question asker, Boyd Arnold of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was curious to learn more about people who collect cans. They are very public in their work, but are very invisible otherwise,” says Arnold. “I’m also curious about the actual economics of recycling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">In 2017, more than 18 billion aluminum, glass, PET and HDPE containers were recycled in California.\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch3>Who Recycles\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Every day, starting at 7:30 a.m., people line up at Our Planet Recycling on the edge of the Bayview district in San Francisco, pushing bins brimming with plastic bottles and aluminum cans. Many walk here on foot carrying what they can. One customer filled a beat-up RV from floor to ceiling with plastic. Others arrive with recyclables spilling out of sedans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714229\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11714229 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/BA21ABBA-73B7-4228-8B58-55793C474F69-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Customers line up with their bins of recyclables at Our Planet Recycling SF.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/BA21ABBA-73B7-4228-8B58-55793C474F69-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/BA21ABBA-73B7-4228-8B58-55793C474F69-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/BA21ABBA-73B7-4228-8B58-55793C474F69-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/BA21ABBA-73B7-4228-8B58-55793C474F69-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/BA21ABBA-73B7-4228-8B58-55793C474F69-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Customers line up with their bins of recyclables at Our Planet Recycling SF. \u003ccite>(Jessica Placzek/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When customers get to the front of the line, their recyclables are weighed. A pound of plastic bottles gets you around $1.20. Aluminum is worth as much as $2 a pound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might not sound like a lot, but it’s enough for a handful of customers to make this their full-time job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This [has been] my work for a long time, more than 20 years,” says Darwin Laren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laren has one of those pickup trucks that’s been rigged with plywood or metal grating so he can haul more recyclables. Each day he visits about 10 different bars and restaurants around the city to pick up bottles and cans. Monday through Friday he earns about $150 to $160, and shares it with people who help him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of other customers are daily regulars, too. Willie Cobb comes to Our Planet Recycling every day, making about $10 each trip. He says it’s a helpful addition to his Supplemental Security Income checks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I go into neighborhoods and look in the dumpster,” says Cobb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714232\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11714232 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3562-e1545352753296-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Tony Tang with his receipt for just over 44 dollars worth of recycling.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3562-e1545352753296-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3562-e1545352753296-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3562-e1545352753296-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3562-e1545352753296-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3562-e1545352753296-1920x2560.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tony Tang with his receipt for just over 44 dollars worth of recycling. \u003ccite>(Jessica Placzek/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>People come to this center because, let’s face it, San Francisco is one of the most expensive cities in the U.S. and every cent can count. A handful of people I talked to have other jobs, like Tony Tang, who works for Kaiser Permanente.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony saves his used containers and is always on the lookout for more — even collecting empties from his friends and family. After three months, he collected seven bins the size of large garbage cans. This earns him about $44.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All kinds of people gather recyclables. Workers here talk about people dropping off recyclables in nice cars and letting somebody else cash them in. There are janitors who bring in recyclables in bulk, and people who prowl the streets day and night looking for empties. While a few say they value recycling, or they see it as throwing money away if they don’t redeem the containers, most people come here because the extra cash makes a difference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=55yXRsIX30A\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Economics of Recycling\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Here’s a quick primer on how \u003ca href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/bevcontainer/programinfo/faq\">California Refund Value\u003c/a>, or CRV, works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s say you buy a can of soda at the store. You pay an extra 5 or 10 cents on top of the price of the soda that goes to the California Beverage Container Recycling Fund. It’s basically a pot of money from all the beverage distributors in the whole state. When you’re done with the soda, you can take that can to a recycling center and get your 5 or 10 cents back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you put your soda can in the blue bin, whoever picks up your curbside recycling gets to keep that 5 or 10 cents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that can never gets recycled, your money stays in the recycling fund and is used to subsidize the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Centers like Our Planet Recycling make money by selling materials in bulk for their scrap value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s take a closer look at those values.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Aluminum\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“The average cost to recycle a ton of aluminum [in 2017] was about $550 a ton. The scrap value for that aluminum was around $1,200 per ton. That means a recycling center could make around $650 per ton,” says Mark Murray, executive director of Californians Against Waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray says companies making aluminum cans realized it’s much cheaper to recycle aluminum than mine and process the raw material, bauxite. This leads to a higher recycling rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714235\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11714235 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3564-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Aluminum is baled at Our Planet Recycling SF.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3564-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3564-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3564-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3564-1-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3564-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aluminum is baled at Our Planet Recycling SF. \u003ccite>(Jessica Placzek/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Glass\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The recycling process for glass takes a lot of energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Glass has what we call a negative scrap value,” says Murray. “The average scrap value of a ton of glass in 2017 was \u003cem>negative\u003c/em> $4.55.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it cost only around $100 to process glass at centers like Our Planet Recycling, they would still lose money on glass if it weren’t for subsidies from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The subsidies are funded by unclaimed money out of the California Beverage Container Recycling Fund. But because of the ways these subsidies are calculated, the state has been paying out less money in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Most products \u003cem>can\u003c/em> be recycled, but municipalities often lack the infrastructure to deal with certain items, like paper products coated in plastic, Styrofoam and other kinds of plastic. These “recyclables” often end up in landfill.\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>Plastic\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of different types of plastic, but we’re going to look at PET, or polyethylene terephthalate, which is often marked with a recycle symbol surrounding the number 1. In 2017, PET made up around half of the recyclable beverage containers sold in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic like PET can be sold for reuse. Buyers will bring it to a factory where it’s cleaned, chopped, melted, turned into pellets and then made into something new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[In 2017] the cost of recycling PET was around $485 a ton. The scrap value was about $190 per ton,” says Murray. “The scrap value for PET plastic covers less than half of the cost of recycling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recycling of plastic is also subsidized by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, when the price of oil plummets, like it did starting at the end of 2014, it becomes cheaper to make virgin plastic than to recycle, leading to declining scrap values of PET.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11716801\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11716801\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/91A43FA8-4B99-40D4-A034-0994E630D67D-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Orz Csaszar owner of Our Planet Recycling.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ors Csaszar owner of Our Planet Recycling. \u003ccite>(Jessica Placzek/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Recycling Centers Dwindle\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Profit margins are not huge for recycling centers, which factored into the closing of hundreds of recycling centers in California in the last five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1990 San Francisco had 35 recycling centers, “And other guys went out the business. Now I believe we have probably three, four or five left,” says Ors Csaszar, the CEO of Our Planet Recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tight margins are exacerbated by the rising costs of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a volume business. You have to have land. And you know how much rent is,” says Csaszar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not easy to find a welcoming location either. Recently Csaszar had to move his business, and was concerned about finding a suitable site. Ultimately he found a lot under Highway 101 on Bayshore Boulevard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco doesn’t have too many recycling centers because everybody is open-minded about recycling as long as it’s not close to their house,” says Csaszar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray says recycling center closures have contributed to a decrease in California’s recycling rates. For beverage containers, CalReycycle reported it dropped from \u003ca href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/bevcontainer/rates/biannualrpt/julydecrpt.pdf\">85 percent in 2013\u003c/a> to a 75 percent recycle rate in 2017. Others, though, have attributed declining rates of recycling to a strong economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>How many times have you looked at the top of a soda can or the side of a bottle, and seen a 5- or 10-cent CRV stamp? Chances are you barely considered it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nBut for people who gather aluminum cans and plastic bottles, that CRV inscription means \u003cem>money\u003c/em>. Enough money that \u003ca href=\"https://knpr.org/knpr/2018-09/recycling-fraud-ongoing-issue-california-states-deposit-laws\">smugglers\u003c/a> have been caught trying to bring in more than $80,000 worth of empty beverage containers from Arizona and Nevada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The value of recyclables piqued the interest of this week’s question asker, Boyd Arnold of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was curious to learn more about people who collect cans. They are very public in their work, but are very invisible otherwise,” says Arnold. “I’m also curious about the actual economics of recycling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">In 2017, more than 18 billion aluminum, glass, PET and HDPE containers were recycled in California.\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch3>Who Recycles\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Every day, starting at 7:30 a.m., people line up at Our Planet Recycling on the edge of the Bayview district in San Francisco, pushing bins brimming with plastic bottles and aluminum cans. Many walk here on foot carrying what they can. One customer filled a beat-up RV from floor to ceiling with plastic. Others arrive with recyclables spilling out of sedans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714229\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11714229 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/BA21ABBA-73B7-4228-8B58-55793C474F69-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Customers line up with their bins of recyclables at Our Planet Recycling SF.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/BA21ABBA-73B7-4228-8B58-55793C474F69-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/BA21ABBA-73B7-4228-8B58-55793C474F69-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/BA21ABBA-73B7-4228-8B58-55793C474F69-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/BA21ABBA-73B7-4228-8B58-55793C474F69-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/BA21ABBA-73B7-4228-8B58-55793C474F69-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Customers line up with their bins of recyclables at Our Planet Recycling SF. \u003ccite>(Jessica Placzek/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When customers get to the front of the line, their recyclables are weighed. A pound of plastic bottles gets you around $1.20. Aluminum is worth as much as $2 a pound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might not sound like a lot, but it’s enough for a handful of customers to make this their full-time job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This [has been] my work for a long time, more than 20 years,” says Darwin Laren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Laren has one of those pickup trucks that’s been rigged with plywood or metal grating so he can haul more recyclables. Each day he visits about 10 different bars and restaurants around the city to pick up bottles and cans. Monday through Friday he earns about $150 to $160, and shares it with people who help him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of other customers are daily regulars, too. Willie Cobb comes to Our Planet Recycling every day, making about $10 each trip. He says it’s a helpful addition to his Supplemental Security Income checks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I go into neighborhoods and look in the dumpster,” says Cobb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714232\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11714232 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3562-e1545352753296-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"Tony Tang with his receipt for just over 44 dollars worth of recycling.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3562-e1545352753296-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3562-e1545352753296-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3562-e1545352753296-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3562-e1545352753296-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3562-e1545352753296-1920x2560.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tony Tang with his receipt for just over 44 dollars worth of recycling. \u003ccite>(Jessica Placzek/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>People come to this center because, let’s face it, San Francisco is one of the most expensive cities in the U.S. and every cent can count. A handful of people I talked to have other jobs, like Tony Tang, who works for Kaiser Permanente.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tony saves his used containers and is always on the lookout for more — even collecting empties from his friends and family. After three months, he collected seven bins the size of large garbage cans. This earns him about $44.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All kinds of people gather recyclables. Workers here talk about people dropping off recyclables in nice cars and letting somebody else cash them in. There are janitors who bring in recyclables in bulk, and people who prowl the streets day and night looking for empties. While a few say they value recycling, or they see it as throwing money away if they don’t redeem the containers, most people come here because the extra cash makes a difference.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/55yXRsIX30A'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/55yXRsIX30A'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ch3>The Economics of Recycling\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Here’s a quick primer on how \u003ca href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/bevcontainer/programinfo/faq\">California Refund Value\u003c/a>, or CRV, works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s say you buy a can of soda at the store. You pay an extra 5 or 10 cents on top of the price of the soda that goes to the California Beverage Container Recycling Fund. It’s basically a pot of money from all the beverage distributors in the whole state. When you’re done with the soda, you can take that can to a recycling center and get your 5 or 10 cents back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you put your soda can in the blue bin, whoever picks up your curbside recycling gets to keep that 5 or 10 cents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If that can never gets recycled, your money stays in the recycling fund and is used to subsidize the program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Centers like Our Planet Recycling make money by selling materials in bulk for their scrap value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s take a closer look at those values.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Aluminum\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“The average cost to recycle a ton of aluminum [in 2017] was about $550 a ton. The scrap value for that aluminum was around $1,200 per ton. That means a recycling center could make around $650 per ton,” says Mark Murray, executive director of Californians Against Waste.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray says companies making aluminum cans realized it’s much cheaper to recycle aluminum than mine and process the raw material, bauxite. This leads to a higher recycling rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11714235\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11714235 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3564-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Aluminum is baled at Our Planet Recycling SF.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3564-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3564-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3564-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3564-1-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/IMG_3564-1-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aluminum is baled at Our Planet Recycling SF. \u003ccite>(Jessica Placzek/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Glass\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The recycling process for glass takes a lot of energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Glass has what we call a negative scrap value,” says Murray. “The average scrap value of a ton of glass in 2017 was \u003cem>negative\u003c/em> $4.55.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While it cost only around $100 to process glass at centers like Our Planet Recycling, they would still lose money on glass if it weren’t for subsidies from the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The subsidies are funded by unclaimed money out of the California Beverage Container Recycling Fund. But because of the ways these subsidies are calculated, the state has been paying out less money in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">Most products \u003cem>can\u003c/em> be recycled, but municipalities often lack the infrastructure to deal with certain items, like paper products coated in plastic, Styrofoam and other kinds of plastic. These “recyclables” often end up in landfill.\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2>Plastic\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are a lot of different types of plastic, but we’re going to look at PET, or polyethylene terephthalate, which is often marked with a recycle symbol surrounding the number 1. In 2017, PET made up around half of the recyclable beverage containers sold in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plastic like PET can be sold for reuse. Buyers will bring it to a factory where it’s cleaned, chopped, melted, turned into pellets and then made into something new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“[In 2017] the cost of recycling PET was around $485 a ton. The scrap value was about $190 per ton,” says Murray. “The scrap value for PET plastic covers less than half of the cost of recycling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recycling of plastic is also subsidized by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Additionally, when the price of oil plummets, like it did starting at the end of 2014, it becomes cheaper to make virgin plastic than to recycle, leading to declining scrap values of PET.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11716801\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11716801\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/01/91A43FA8-4B99-40D4-A034-0994E630D67D-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Orz Csaszar owner of Our Planet Recycling.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ors Csaszar owner of Our Planet Recycling. \u003ccite>(Jessica Placzek/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Recycling Centers Dwindle\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Profit margins are not huge for recycling centers, which factored into the closing of hundreds of recycling centers in California in the last five years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1990 San Francisco had 35 recycling centers, “And other guys went out the business. Now I believe we have probably three, four or five left,” says Ors Csaszar, the CEO of Our Planet Recycling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tight margins are exacerbated by the rising costs of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a volume business. You have to have land. And you know how much rent is,” says Csaszar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not easy to find a welcoming location either. Recently Csaszar had to move his business, and was concerned about finding a suitable site. Ultimately he found a lot under Highway 101 on Bayshore Boulevard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Francisco doesn’t have too many recycling centers because everybody is open-minded about recycling as long as it’s not close to their house,” says Csaszar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Murray says recycling center closures have contributed to a decrease in California’s recycling rates. For beverage containers, CalReycycle reported it dropped from \u003ca href=\"https://www.calrecycle.ca.gov/docs/cr/bevcontainer/rates/biannualrpt/julydecrpt.pdf\">85 percent in 2013\u003c/a> to a 75 percent recycle rate in 2017. Others, though, have attributed declining rates of recycling to a strong economy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Look up in Brisbane in December, and you’ll see stars. Specifically, wooden slats nailed into the shape of a five-point star, then wrapped up in lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Ashley Shively remembers seeing the displays while growing up. She says her father grew up in San Francisco and would always point out Brisbane’s stars when they drove past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she never knew \u003cem>why\u003c/em> the stars were there, so she asked:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do residents of the town of Brisbane put up five-pointed stars at the holidays?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get to the scoop on the stars, I went to Brisbane’s Festival of Lights. It’s the city’s official tree lighting, \u003cem>and \u003c/em>the start of when the town lights all its stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11712698\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11712698\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34458_IMG_4931-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34458_IMG_4931-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34458_IMG_4931-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34458_IMG_4931-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34458_IMG_4931-qut-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34458_IMG_4931-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The City of Brisbane’s official Christmas tree. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the festival I talked with Mayor Clarke Conway, who was born and raised in Brisbane. He told me the star tradition got its start in 1939, when a guy named Gaynor put up a big green star high in the hills on Kings Road. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This star caught the eye of Art Kennedy, who was part of Brisbane’s Chamber of Commerce at the time. Kennedy liked the star so much that the next year he and the chamber made 20 similar stars to give to residents for free. The tradition was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the chamber still gives free stars to Brisbane residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only time the Peninsula town hasn’t had its iconic holiday stars was during World War II, when U.S. cities were ordered to black out all their lights at night to avoid attracting enemy airplanes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11712720\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34475_IMG-1858-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34475_IMG-1858-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34475_IMG-1858-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34475_IMG-1858-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34475_IMG-1858-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34475_IMG-1858-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Brisbane became incorporated in 1961, it appropriately chose the “City of Stars” as its name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you, like our question asker Ashley and her dad, find yourself driving past Brisbane on Highway 101, you can see the stars for yourself, twinkling in the hills just like they have for nearly 80 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re a Brisbane resident, \u003ca href=\"https://www.brisbaneca.org/get-a-star\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">learn how you can get your own star\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11712705\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11712705\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34455_IMG_4924-qut-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34455_IMG_4924-qut-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34455_IMG_4924-qut-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34455_IMG_4924-qut-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34455_IMG_4924-qut-1-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34455_IMG_4924-qut-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brisbane Hardware is one of the businesses that donates supplies to build stars every year. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>While many refer to Gaynor with this spelling, they are likely referring to a man named Mr. Gagnier, who records show lived on Kings Road in Brisbane during this time.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Look up in Brisbane in December, and you’ll see stars. Specifically, wooden slats nailed into the shape of a five-point star, then wrapped up in lights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious listener Ashley Shively remembers seeing the displays while growing up. She says her father grew up in San Francisco and would always point out Brisbane’s stars when they drove past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she never knew \u003cem>why\u003c/em> the stars were there, so she asked:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why do residents of the town of Brisbane put up five-pointed stars at the holidays?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get to the scoop on the stars, I went to Brisbane’s Festival of Lights. It’s the city’s official tree lighting, \u003cem>and \u003c/em>the start of when the town lights all its stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11712698\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-11712698\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34458_IMG_4931-qut-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34458_IMG_4931-qut-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34458_IMG_4931-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34458_IMG_4931-qut-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34458_IMG_4931-qut-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34458_IMG_4931-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The City of Brisbane’s official Christmas tree. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>At the festival I talked with Mayor Clarke Conway, who was born and raised in Brisbane. He told me the star tradition got its start in 1939, when a guy named Gaynor put up a big green star high in the hills on Kings Road. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This star caught the eye of Art Kennedy, who was part of Brisbane’s Chamber of Commerce at the time. Kennedy liked the star so much that the next year he and the chamber made 20 similar stars to give to residents for free. The tradition was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the chamber still gives free stars to Brisbane residents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The only time the Peninsula town hasn’t had its iconic holiday stars was during World War II, when U.S. cities were ordered to black out all their lights at night to avoid attracting enemy airplanes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-11712720\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34475_IMG-1858-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34475_IMG-1858-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34475_IMG-1858-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34475_IMG-1858-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34475_IMG-1858-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34475_IMG-1858-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Brisbane became incorporated in 1961, it appropriately chose the “City of Stars” as its name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you, like our question asker Ashley and her dad, find yourself driving past Brisbane on Highway 101, you can see the stars for yourself, twinkling in the hills just like they have for nearly 80 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you’re a Brisbane resident, \u003ca href=\"https://www.brisbaneca.org/get-a-star\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">learn how you can get your own star\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11712705\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11712705\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34455_IMG_4924-qut-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34455_IMG_4924-qut-1-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34455_IMG_4924-qut-1-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34455_IMG_4924-qut-1-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34455_IMG_4924-qut-1-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/12/RS34455_IMG_4924-qut-1.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brisbane Hardware is one of the businesses that donates supplies to build stars every year. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>While many refer to Gaynor with this spelling, they are likely referring to a man named Mr. Gagnier, who records show lived on Kings Road in Brisbane during this time.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "how-santacon-got-its-start-in-san-francisco-counterculture-2",
"title": "Here’s How We Got SantaCon — From S.F.’s Counterculture",
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"content": "\u003cp>Every December, about 17,000 people gather on the streets of San Francisco for what has become one of the city’s preeminent drinking holidays: SantaCon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ll see people wearing some version of the Santa costume, and they’ll just be going from bar to bar in big groups of Santas,” says Alyssa Poe of Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She first stumbled upon SantaCon on a Saturday in December a few years ago, while visiting San Francisco with a friend. Ever since, she’s wondered where the event came from, and how it became a phenomenon that’s now celebrated in cities like London, Melbourne and Tokyo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though New York City can lay claim to having the biggest SantaCon these days, it got its start in San Francisco. This year, the event takes place on Dec. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious takes a look back to when it first began with this timeline from reporter Sonia Paul, who first wrote about \u003ca href=\"https://harpers.org/blog/2017/12/searching-for-santacon/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SantaCon for Harper’s Magazine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Santacon/Santarchy Timeline\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>1977\u003c/b>: \u003ca href=\"http://www.suicideclub.com/\">The Suicide Club\u003c/a>, a secret society focused on creating experiences for people to face their fears, is founded in San Francisco. The group’s events include both daredevil urban adventures and infiltration into groups like the California Nazi Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708167\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11708167\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/6169505292_29575350b6_b-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"In 1977 the Suicide Club cut up refrigerator boxes and slid down the letters above South San Francisco.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/6169505292_29575350b6_b-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/6169505292_29575350b6_b-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/6169505292_29575350b6_b-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/6169505292_29575350b6_b.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 1977 the Suicide Club cut up refrigerator boxes and slid down the letters above South San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Thomas Hawk/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Late 1977\u003c/b>: One of the Suicide Club’s founders, Gary Warne, comes across a \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=reYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA68&lpg=PA68&dq=solvognen+danish+christmas&source=bl&ots=wVj2kmXBwW&sig=dseDyDZMB5yJAYEzafASHTOmQkI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwixtrao5vLeAhUJi1QKHcLbDyUQ6AEwEnoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false\">Mother Jones article\u003c/a> about \u003ci>Solvognen\u003c/i>, a Danish anarchist theatre group that demonstrated in 1974 against the greed and consumerism associated with Christmas. Warne suggests a Suicide Club event where members would dress up as Santa, but no one acts on it, and the idea is forgotten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708168\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11708168\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9769-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"John Law stands behind a book about the Cacophony Society.\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9769-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9769-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9769-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9769-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9769-1920x2560.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Law stands behind a book about the Cacophony Society. \u003ccite>(Sonia Paul/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>1986\u003c/b>: The Cacophony Society is born as a more expansive and less intense version of the Suicide Club. It calls itself “a randomly gathered network of individuals united in the pursuit of experiences beyond the pale of mainstream society.” Cacophony Society gatherings revolve around subversive pranks and bizarre events, like throwing a formal party in the laundromat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>1987\u003c/b>: Rob Schmitt, the founder of SantaCon, moves to the Bay Area from Minnesota. He soon becomes involved with the Cacophony Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Fall 1994\u003c/b>: While making costumes for a Cacophony event at his friend’s house, Rob Schmitt sees a postcard of people dressed as Santa playing pool in a gay bar. The sender of the postcard participated in the first themed camp at Burning Man, Christmas Camp. Rob gets an idea: What if the Cacophony Society threw an event where people could dress up as Santa and go around the streets of San Francisco? He is not aware of \u003ci>Solvognen\u003c/i> or Gary Warne’s idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He takes his idea to a Cacophony Society meeting, where some people dismiss it, but a few are interested. They hold a planning meeting at Specs’ Twelve Adler Museum Cafe. They figure out where they can buy Santa suits and decide to rent a bus to shuttle the Santas around the city. Rob secures free passes to ride the cable car and informs workers at Emporium-Capwell, a now-defunct department store, that he’ll be bringing a bunch of Santas over on a Tuesday night in late December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dec. 20, 1994:\u003c/b> The first SantaCon — or Cheap Suit Santas as it was called — is held in San Francisco. Thirty-eight participants dressed in Santa suits meet at the Embarcadero, where a skating rink is set up for the holidays. They get into a snowball fight with ice shavings before marching into a local hotel shouting “ho, ho, ho.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708187\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11708187 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.47-PM-e1543263397708-800x579.png\" alt=\"Rob Schmitt rented a bus for the Cheap Suit Santas to roam the streets of San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"579\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.47-PM-e1543263397708-800x579.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.47-PM-e1543263397708-160x116.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.47-PM-e1543263397708-1020x739.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.47-PM-e1543263397708-1200x869.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.47-PM-e1543263397708.png 1428w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bus of Cheap Suit Santas ready to hit the streets of San Francisco at the second SantaCon in 1995. \u003ccite>(Peter Field)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A bus takes the Santas around the city, where they crash company Christmas parties, but the more memorable stops are a kiddie carnival located at the top of Emporium-Capwell, a debutante ball and a unionized strip club called the Lusty Lady.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708194\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11708194 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.21.12-PM-e1543263872823-800x579.png\" alt=\"Santas headed into the Lusty Lady, a unionized strip club.\" width=\"800\" height=\"579\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.21.12-PM-e1543263872823-800x579.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.21.12-PM-e1543263872823-160x116.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.21.12-PM-e1543263872823-1020x738.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.21.12-PM-e1543263872823-1200x868.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.21.12-PM-e1543263872823.png 1426w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santas headed into the Lusty Lady, a unionized strip club. \u003ccite>(Peter Field)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Late that night, John Law, one of the co-founders of Burning Man who was also a member of the Cacophony Society, has his friends pretend to hang him from steel scaffolding in the middle of the street (he is wearing a body harness underneath his Santa suit that enables this).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says his premise for participating in the event is more along the lines of \u003ci>Solvognen’s\u003c/i> sentiment about Christmas — he feels modern-day Christmas has become an example of what he calls “middle-class hypocrisy,” and this hanging is meant to be a street-theater protest against that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708189\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11708189 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.11.57-PM-800x1097.png\" alt=\"John Law hangs from a light wearing a harness underneath his suit.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1097\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.11.57-PM-800x1097.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.11.57-PM-160x219.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.11.57-PM-1020x1399.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.11.57-PM-875x1200.png 875w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.11.57-PM.png 1038w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Law hangs from a light wearing a harness underneath his suit. \u003ccite>(Peter Field)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>December 1995: \u003c/b>SantaCon returns, and more than 100 people take part in this year’s event. With more people, more alcohol and more boldness among participants, it takes on a more rambunctious tone. At the end of the night, John Law has his friends hang him from a street lamp for another street-theater protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708195\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11708195 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.32-PM-1-800x1105.png\" alt=\"Santas at the second Cacophony Society Cheap Suit Santas event.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1105\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.32-PM-1-800x1105.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.32-PM-1-160x221.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.32-PM-1-1020x1409.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.32-PM-1-868x1200.png 868w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.32-PM-1.png 1032w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santas at the second Cacophony Society Cheap Suit Santas event. \u003ccite>(Peter Field)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>December 1996:\u003c/b> The Portland chapter of the Cacophony Society brings SantaCon up north for its own version of the event. A website, Santarchy.com (a fusion of “Santa” and “anarchy”) helps advertise the event. With the rise of the internet, more people find out about SantaCon and bring it to their city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>1997 onward\u003c/b>: SantaCon grows into an annual tradition in different cities around the world and becomes known as a pub crawl. New York, London, Los Angeles and Tokyo are just a few of the cities where SantaCon now takes place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708197\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11708197 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-158391987-800x556.jpg\" alt=\"Revellers in Santa costumes gather around Nelson's Column during a 'Santacon' in Trafalgar Square in central London.\" width=\"800\" height=\"556\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-158391987-800x556.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-158391987-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-158391987-1020x709.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-158391987-1200x834.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-158391987-1920x1334.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Revelers in Santa costumes gather around Nelson’s Column during a SantaCon in Trafalgar Square in central London. \u003ccite>(LEON NEAL/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The event's roots go back to 1994, when a counterculture group called the Cacophony Society hosted Cheap Suit Santas.",
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"title": "Here’s How We Got SantaCon — From S.F.’s Counterculture | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Every December, about 17,000 people gather on the streets of San Francisco for what has become one of the city’s preeminent drinking holidays: SantaCon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ll see people wearing some version of the Santa costume, and they’ll just be going from bar to bar in big groups of Santas,” says Alyssa Poe of Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She first stumbled upon SantaCon on a Saturday in December a few years ago, while visiting San Francisco with a friend. Ever since, she’s wondered where the event came from, and how it became a phenomenon that’s now celebrated in cities like London, Melbourne and Tokyo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though New York City can lay claim to having the biggest SantaCon these days, it got its start in San Francisco. This year, the event takes place on Dec. 8.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bay Curious takes a look back to when it first began with this timeline from reporter Sonia Paul, who first wrote about \u003ca href=\"https://harpers.org/blog/2017/12/searching-for-santacon/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">SantaCon for Harper’s Magazine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Santacon/Santarchy Timeline\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>1977\u003c/b>: \u003ca href=\"http://www.suicideclub.com/\">The Suicide Club\u003c/a>, a secret society focused on creating experiences for people to face their fears, is founded in San Francisco. The group’s events include both daredevil urban adventures and infiltration into groups like the California Nazi Party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708167\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-11708167\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/6169505292_29575350b6_b-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"In 1977 the Suicide Club cut up refrigerator boxes and slid down the letters above South San Francisco.\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/6169505292_29575350b6_b-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/6169505292_29575350b6_b-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/6169505292_29575350b6_b-800x534.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/6169505292_29575350b6_b.jpg 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In 1977 the Suicide Club cut up refrigerator boxes and slid down the letters above South San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Thomas Hawk/flickr)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Late 1977\u003c/b>: One of the Suicide Club’s founders, Gary Warne, comes across a \u003ca href=\"https://books.google.com/books?id=reYDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA68&lpg=PA68&dq=solvognen+danish+christmas&source=bl&ots=wVj2kmXBwW&sig=dseDyDZMB5yJAYEzafASHTOmQkI&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwixtrao5vLeAhUJi1QKHcLbDyUQ6AEwEnoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false\">Mother Jones article\u003c/a> about \u003ci>Solvognen\u003c/i>, a Danish anarchist theatre group that demonstrated in 1974 against the greed and consumerism associated with Christmas. Warne suggests a Suicide Club event where members would dress up as Santa, but no one acts on it, and the idea is forgotten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708168\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 300px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11708168\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9769-1020x1360.jpg\" alt=\"John Law stands behind a book about the Cacophony Society.\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9769-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9769-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9769-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9769-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_9769-1920x2560.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Law stands behind a book about the Cacophony Society. \u003ccite>(Sonia Paul/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>1986\u003c/b>: The Cacophony Society is born as a more expansive and less intense version of the Suicide Club. It calls itself “a randomly gathered network of individuals united in the pursuit of experiences beyond the pale of mainstream society.” Cacophony Society gatherings revolve around subversive pranks and bizarre events, like throwing a formal party in the laundromat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>1987\u003c/b>: Rob Schmitt, the founder of SantaCon, moves to the Bay Area from Minnesota. He soon becomes involved with the Cacophony Society.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Fall 1994\u003c/b>: While making costumes for a Cacophony event at his friend’s house, Rob Schmitt sees a postcard of people dressed as Santa playing pool in a gay bar. The sender of the postcard participated in the first themed camp at Burning Man, Christmas Camp. Rob gets an idea: What if the Cacophony Society threw an event where people could dress up as Santa and go around the streets of San Francisco? He is not aware of \u003ci>Solvognen\u003c/i> or Gary Warne’s idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He takes his idea to a Cacophony Society meeting, where some people dismiss it, but a few are interested. They hold a planning meeting at Specs’ Twelve Adler Museum Cafe. They figure out where they can buy Santa suits and decide to rent a bus to shuttle the Santas around the city. Rob secures free passes to ride the cable car and informs workers at Emporium-Capwell, a now-defunct department store, that he’ll be bringing a bunch of Santas over on a Tuesday night in late December.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dec. 20, 1994:\u003c/b> The first SantaCon — or Cheap Suit Santas as it was called — is held in San Francisco. Thirty-eight participants dressed in Santa suits meet at the Embarcadero, where a skating rink is set up for the holidays. They get into a snowball fight with ice shavings before marching into a local hotel shouting “ho, ho, ho.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708187\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11708187 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.47-PM-e1543263397708-800x579.png\" alt=\"Rob Schmitt rented a bus for the Cheap Suit Santas to roam the streets of San Francisco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"579\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.47-PM-e1543263397708-800x579.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.47-PM-e1543263397708-160x116.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.47-PM-e1543263397708-1020x739.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.47-PM-e1543263397708-1200x869.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.47-PM-e1543263397708.png 1428w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A bus of Cheap Suit Santas ready to hit the streets of San Francisco at the second SantaCon in 1995. \u003ccite>(Peter Field)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A bus takes the Santas around the city, where they crash company Christmas parties, but the more memorable stops are a kiddie carnival located at the top of Emporium-Capwell, a debutante ball and a unionized strip club called the Lusty Lady.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708194\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11708194 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.21.12-PM-e1543263872823-800x579.png\" alt=\"Santas headed into the Lusty Lady, a unionized strip club.\" width=\"800\" height=\"579\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.21.12-PM-e1543263872823-800x579.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.21.12-PM-e1543263872823-160x116.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.21.12-PM-e1543263872823-1020x738.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.21.12-PM-e1543263872823-1200x868.png 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.21.12-PM-e1543263872823.png 1426w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santas headed into the Lusty Lady, a unionized strip club. \u003ccite>(Peter Field)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Late that night, John Law, one of the co-founders of Burning Man who was also a member of the Cacophony Society, has his friends pretend to hang him from steel scaffolding in the middle of the street (he is wearing a body harness underneath his Santa suit that enables this).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says his premise for participating in the event is more along the lines of \u003ci>Solvognen’s\u003c/i> sentiment about Christmas — he feels modern-day Christmas has become an example of what he calls “middle-class hypocrisy,” and this hanging is meant to be a street-theater protest against that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708189\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11708189 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.11.57-PM-800x1097.png\" alt=\"John Law hangs from a light wearing a harness underneath his suit.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1097\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.11.57-PM-800x1097.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.11.57-PM-160x219.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.11.57-PM-1020x1399.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.11.57-PM-875x1200.png 875w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.11.57-PM.png 1038w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Law hangs from a light wearing a harness underneath his suit. \u003ccite>(Peter Field)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>December 1995: \u003c/b>SantaCon returns, and more than 100 people take part in this year’s event. With more people, more alcohol and more boldness among participants, it takes on a more rambunctious tone. At the end of the night, John Law has his friends hang him from a street lamp for another street-theater protest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708195\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11708195 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.32-PM-1-800x1105.png\" alt=\"Santas at the second Cacophony Society Cheap Suit Santas event.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1105\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.32-PM-1-800x1105.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.32-PM-1-160x221.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.32-PM-1-1020x1409.png 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.32-PM-1-868x1200.png 868w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Screen-Shot-2018-11-26-at-12.12.32-PM-1.png 1032w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santas at the second Cacophony Society Cheap Suit Santas event. \u003ccite>(Peter Field)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>December 1996:\u003c/b> The Portland chapter of the Cacophony Society brings SantaCon up north for its own version of the event. A website, Santarchy.com (a fusion of “Santa” and “anarchy”) helps advertise the event. With the rise of the internet, more people find out about SantaCon and bring it to their city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>1997 onward\u003c/b>: SantaCon grows into an annual tradition in different cities around the world and becomes known as a pub crawl. New York, London, Los Angeles and Tokyo are just a few of the cities where SantaCon now takes place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708197\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11708197 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-158391987-800x556.jpg\" alt=\"Revellers in Santa costumes gather around Nelson's Column during a 'Santacon' in Trafalgar Square in central London.\" width=\"800\" height=\"556\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-158391987-800x556.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-158391987-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-158391987-1020x709.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-158391987-1200x834.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/GettyImages-158391987-1920x1334.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Revelers in Santa costumes gather around Nelson’s Column during a SantaCon in Trafalgar Square in central London. \u003ccite>(LEON NEAL/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "10-things-to-know-about-bike-theft-in-san-francisco-2",
"title": "10 Things to Know About Bike Theft in San Francisco",
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"headTitle": "10 Things to Know About Bike Theft in San Francisco | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>You don’t have to be a cyclist in the Bay Area to appreciate that bike theft is rampant. Walking around, you might notice broken U-locks next to bike racks where someone’s ride vanished. Or skeletal bike frames that are still locked up, but the wheels, seat, and anything else that wasn’t welded in place have all been picked clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://sfbos.org/sites/default/files/FileCenter/Documents/46121-BLA.BikeTheft.052413.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">analysis\u003c/a> estimated that in 2012 there were more than 4,000 actual, attempted or unreported bike thefts in San Francisco, with some $4.6 million worth of bikes taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this episode of Bay Curious (listen using the play button above), we unpack two questions — what the San Francisco Police Department is doing about bike theft, and what happens after bikes or bicycle parts are stolen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way, reporter Daniel Potter learned several surprising facts. Here are his top 10:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Some bike thieves are handy with power tools.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMaybe you already knew a cheap cable lock is no match for a sturdy pair of bolt cutters. Or that metal U-locks can sometimes be defeated using car jacks. But in the arms race between thieves and deterrents, a power tool called a cordless angle grinder is hard to beat. In a spray of sparks, this handheld electric saw can slice through metal — meaning even a decent U-lock might not be enough. Alas, there’s a tool for everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Organized crime is a factor.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBike thieves operate on different levels. Some are low-level opportunists — they’ll grab a saddle or an unsecured wheel to make a quick buck. Others are much more sophisticated. They have not only power tools but also trucks, and places to store bikes that may end up for sale online — or in other cities. It’s not unheard of for bikes stolen in the Bay Area to turn up in Los Angeles or Portland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Box Dog Bikes, in San Francisco’s Mission District, \u003ca href=\"https://hoodline.com/2018/08/burglars-swipe-most-of-box-dog-bikes-bicycle-inventory-wednesday-night\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">knows this kind of crime firsthand\u003c/a>. In August, burglars broke into the store overnight and hauled away 21 bikes valued at more than $40,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708773\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Box Dog Bikes in San Francisco was burglarized in August 2017, and dozens of bicycles were taken.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11708773\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes-520x293.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Box Dog Bikes in San Francisco was burglarized in August 2017, and dozens of bicycles were taken. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Box Dog Bikes)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Even so, bike thefts in S.F. are trending down.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nComparing the first nine months of 2018 to the same period last year, San Francisco police say bike thefts dropped 23 percent, from 572 to 441.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be thanks partly to outside factors, like the proliferation of bike-rental kiosks and scooters that enable people to risk their own bikes less. But police chalk it up to expanded foot patrols warding off some would-be thieves, along with newly centralized investigations aimed at stopping higher-level theft rings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Stolen bikes are often swapped, then swapped again.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn some circles, bikes aren’t just a practical mode of transportation, but also a kind of currency. An intact bike is like a large bill that can be broken up into smaller denominations in the form of parts, and later reconstituted as a different ride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means stolen bikes and parts tend to change hands early and often — potentially complicating police work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Hot bikes go for pennies on the dollar.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA bike that would retail for over $1,000 often goes for a lot less when it’s stolen. That’s partly because bike thieves may be eager to offload hot property for quick cash (see #4 above) and also because the bikes are often reconfigured in order to sell parts separately — or to hastily disguise a stolen frame, say, with a new paint job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When athlete Canaan Vallejos’ stolen bike turned up on Craigslist, he managed to get it back — minus the racks and expensive saddle, which had been replaced with a seat so cheap he told me “they wouldn’t put that thing on a Huffy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. Websites like \u003ca href=\"https://bikeindex.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bike Index\u003c/a> help people recover their stolen bikes.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThousands of bikes have been returned to their proper owners thanks to people volunteering their time and keeping an eye out for bikes reported stolen in their area. With help from a tipster using Bike Index, Robin Lee, one of this week’s question-askers, managed to track down a customized mountain bike that was stolen out of her garage. (The police helped get it back, and SFPD recommends calling 911 if you have eyes on someone with your stolen bike.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7. SFPD has a warehouse full of stolen bikes whose original owners can’t be found.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAn analysis found that in 2012, SFPD recovered 864 stolen bikes, but only 142 went home with their owners — about 16 percent. Asked if she could ballpark the current number of recovered bikes in storage, Public Information Officer Giselle Linnane told me “hundreds, yeah — at least.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says police often simply don’t have contact information for owners or a way to track them down — and that filing a police report improves your chances of getting your bike back. Bikes that can’t be returned are eventually given to charity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8. There are many ways to help protect your bike …\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSome perfectly reasonable bike commuters use not one but two U-locks, and safeguard their wheels using cables or locking skewers. There are also companies that sell heavy chains, tracking devices and even a lock that \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/oct/21/bike-lock-developed-that-makes-thieves-immediately-vomit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sprays noxious fumes\u003c/a> if it’s cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One person I met for this story moved all the furniture out of her bedroom except the bed so her bike could sleep behind the same door she does. Another locks up her bikes in her garage with a camera pointing at them, so she can look in on them when she wakes up worried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708782\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bike-frame2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Lonely frame\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11708782\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bike-frame2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bike-frame2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bike-frame2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bike-frame2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bike-frame2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The frame is locked, but every part that once made this a bike is now gone—the wheels, seat, chain, handlebars, and pedals have all been stripped away. An analysis found millions of dollars worth of bikes and parts are stolen in San Francisco each year. \u003ccite>(Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9. … But one that’s often overlooked is having pictures and the serial number.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>If your bike is stolen, your chance of getting it back is much better if you’ve snapped a few pics — including one of the \u003ca href=\"https://bikeindex.org/serials\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">serial number\u003c/a>, which is usually engraved near the pedals when you flip the bike over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10. Bike rental kiosks aren’t just for tourists.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nYou might expect hardcore cyclists to sneer at the cruisers you can now check out from automated stations around the Bay Area. But more than one seasoned rider told me if they’re pedaling to a place where they wouldn’t feel great locking up their own bike, it’s worth it to just rent one instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thank you to Robin Lee and Carolyn Thomas, who sent in the questions that prompted this episode. Thank you also to the many people who did not appear in the podcast, but who kindly made time to talk — among them Canaan Vallejos, Mailee Hung, Will Rose, Bryan Hance at Bike Index, Brian Wiedenmeier at SF Bicycle Coalition, and Eric Lonowski at Box Dog Bikes.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousquestion]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Thousands of bikes are stolen in San Francisco every year. What are police doing about it? And how does this crime operation work?",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You don’t have to be a cyclist in the Bay Area to appreciate that bike theft is rampant. Walking around, you might notice broken U-locks next to bike racks where someone’s ride vanished. Or skeletal bike frames that are still locked up, but the wheels, seat, and anything else that wasn’t welded in place have all been picked clean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://sfbos.org/sites/default/files/FileCenter/Documents/46121-BLA.BikeTheft.052413.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">analysis\u003c/a> estimated that in 2012 there were more than 4,000 actual, attempted or unreported bike thefts in San Francisco, with some $4.6 million worth of bikes taken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this episode of Bay Curious (listen using the play button above), we unpack two questions — what the San Francisco Police Department is doing about bike theft, and what happens after bikes or bicycle parts are stolen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along the way, reporter Daniel Potter learned several surprising facts. Here are his top 10:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Some bike thieves are handy with power tools.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nMaybe you already knew a cheap cable lock is no match for a sturdy pair of bolt cutters. Or that metal U-locks can sometimes be defeated using car jacks. But in the arms race between thieves and deterrents, a power tool called a cordless angle grinder is hard to beat. In a spray of sparks, this handheld electric saw can slice through metal — meaning even a decent U-lock might not be enough. Alas, there’s a tool for everything.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Organized crime is a factor.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nBike thieves operate on different levels. Some are low-level opportunists — they’ll grab a saddle or an unsecured wheel to make a quick buck. Others are much more sophisticated. They have not only power tools but also trucks, and places to store bikes that may end up for sale online — or in other cities. It’s not unheard of for bikes stolen in the Bay Area to turn up in Los Angeles or Portland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Box Dog Bikes, in San Francisco’s Mission District, \u003ca href=\"https://hoodline.com/2018/08/burglars-swipe-most-of-box-dog-bikes-bicycle-inventory-wednesday-night\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">knows this kind of crime firsthand\u003c/a>. In August, burglars broke into the store overnight and hauled away 21 bikes valued at more than $40,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708773\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Box Dog Bikes in San Francisco was burglarized in August 2017, and dozens of bicycles were taken.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11708773\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes-960x540.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes-520x293.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bikes.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Box Dog Bikes in San Francisco was burglarized in August 2017, and dozens of bicycles were taken. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Box Dog Bikes)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Even so, bike thefts in S.F. are trending down.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nComparing the first nine months of 2018 to the same period last year, San Francisco police say bike thefts dropped 23 percent, from 572 to 441.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be thanks partly to outside factors, like the proliferation of bike-rental kiosks and scooters that enable people to risk their own bikes less. But police chalk it up to expanded foot patrols warding off some would-be thieves, along with newly centralized investigations aimed at stopping higher-level theft rings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. Stolen bikes are often swapped, then swapped again.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nIn some circles, bikes aren’t just a practical mode of transportation, but also a kind of currency. An intact bike is like a large bill that can be broken up into smaller denominations in the form of parts, and later reconstituted as a different ride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This means stolen bikes and parts tend to change hands early and often — potentially complicating police work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. Hot bikes go for pennies on the dollar.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nA bike that would retail for over $1,000 often goes for a lot less when it’s stolen. That’s partly because bike thieves may be eager to offload hot property for quick cash (see #4 above) and also because the bikes are often reconfigured in order to sell parts separately — or to hastily disguise a stolen frame, say, with a new paint job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When athlete Canaan Vallejos’ stolen bike turned up on Craigslist, he managed to get it back — minus the racks and expensive saddle, which had been replaced with a seat so cheap he told me “they wouldn’t put that thing on a Huffy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. Websites like \u003ca href=\"https://bikeindex.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bike Index\u003c/a> help people recover their stolen bikes.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThousands of bikes have been returned to their proper owners thanks to people volunteering their time and keeping an eye out for bikes reported stolen in their area. With help from a tipster using Bike Index, Robin Lee, one of this week’s question-askers, managed to track down a customized mountain bike that was stolen out of her garage. (The police helped get it back, and SFPD recommends calling 911 if you have eyes on someone with your stolen bike.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>7. SFPD has a warehouse full of stolen bikes whose original owners can’t be found.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAn analysis found that in 2012, SFPD recovered 864 stolen bikes, but only 142 went home with their owners — about 16 percent. Asked if she could ballpark the current number of recovered bikes in storage, Public Information Officer Giselle Linnane told me “hundreds, yeah — at least.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says police often simply don’t have contact information for owners or a way to track them down — and that filing a police report improves your chances of getting your bike back. Bikes that can’t be returned are eventually given to charity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>8. There are many ways to help protect your bike …\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nSome perfectly reasonable bike commuters use not one but two U-locks, and safeguard their wheels using cables or locking skewers. There are also companies that sell heavy chains, tracking devices and even a lock that \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2016/oct/21/bike-lock-developed-that-makes-thieves-immediately-vomit\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">sprays noxious fumes\u003c/a> if it’s cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One person I met for this story moved all the furniture out of her bedroom except the bed so her bike could sleep behind the same door she does. Another locks up her bikes in her garage with a camera pointing at them, so she can look in on them when she wakes up worried.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11708782\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bike-frame2-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Lonely frame\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11708782\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bike-frame2-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bike-frame2-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bike-frame2-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bike-frame2-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/bike-frame2-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The frame is locked, but every part that once made this a bike is now gone—the wheels, seat, chain, handlebars, and pedals have all been stripped away. An analysis found millions of dollars worth of bikes and parts are stolen in San Francisco each year. \u003ccite>(Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>9. … But one that’s often overlooked is having pictures and the serial number.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>If your bike is stolen, your chance of getting it back is much better if you’ve snapped a few pics — including one of the \u003ca href=\"https://bikeindex.org/serials\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">serial number\u003c/a>, which is usually engraved near the pedals when you flip the bike over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>10. Bike rental kiosks aren’t just for tourists.\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nYou might expect hardcore cyclists to sneer at the cruisers you can now check out from automated stations around the Bay Area. But more than one seasoned rider told me if they’re pedaling to a place where they wouldn’t feel great locking up their own bike, it’s worth it to just rent one instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thank you to Robin Lee and Carolyn Thomas, who sent in the questions that prompted this episode. Thank you also to the many people who did not appear in the podcast, but who kindly made time to talk — among them Canaan Vallejos, Mailee Hung, Will Rose, Bryan Hance at Bike Index, Brian Wiedenmeier at SF Bicycle Coalition, and Eric Lonowski at Box Dog Bikes.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you like to bake \u003ca href=\"https://www.davidlebovitz.com/salted-chocolate-chip-tahini-cookies-cookie-recipe/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cookies\u003c/a>, like me, there’s a good chance you’ve picked up a bag of semi-sweet or extra dark Guittard chocolate chips at the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ooooh, this must be French,” I’ve thought, failing to look closely at the fine print on the packaging. (Guess who quite recently acquired her first pair of reading glasses?)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Guittard may be the biggest local chocolate-maker some of us had no clue was local—even though they’ve been making chocolate here since the Gold Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original Guittard was Etienne, who came to San Francisco in 1860 \u003cem>from France\u003c/em> (i.e. I wasn’t entirely off the mark). He realized eventually the big money lay in satisfying the San Franciscan sweet tooth. Flash forward to 1868, when E. Guittard Co. opened its doors, about 16 years after Domingo Ghirardelli.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707906\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11707906 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Vintage_Guittard_Building-800x595.jpg\" alt=\"The old Guittard factory in San Francisco, before the company moved operations to Burlingame, and now Fairfield, too.\" width=\"800\" height=\"595\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Vintage_Guittard_Building-800x595.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Vintage_Guittard_Building-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Vintage_Guittard_Building-1020x758.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Vintage_Guittard_Building-1200x892.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Vintage_Guittard_Building-1920x1427.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The old Guittard factory in San Francisco, before the company moved operations to Burlingame, and now Fairfield, too.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Presumably, there was room for both of them in this chocolate-loving city, because they were both thriving when the 1906 earthquake hit. Guittard’s factory moved briefly to Commercial Street and then to Main Street, where it sat until 1955. Redevelopment then forced the operation to relocate to Burlingame, where it’s stayed ever since, at 10 Guittard Road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is why people living in or traveling through Burlingame and Millbrae often report a sudden need to consume chocolate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What It’s Like Inside\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s like the engine room of an old battle ship, if an old battle ship smelled like warm chocolate. The machinery for roasting, grinding, refining is massive and much of it is more than 60 years old, shipped in from Switzerland and Germany.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is even older, celebrating its 150th year—still manufacturing in the Bay Area, still privately owned. These days, that’s the business equivalent of a miracle. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ghirardelli.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ghirardelli Chocolate Company\u003c/a> is now owned by the U.S. division of Swiss confectioner Lindt & Sprüngli. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sees.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">See’s Candies\u003c/a>, headquartered in San Francisco, is owned by Berkshire Hathaway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guittard sits in an economic sweet spot between big companies and little ones, supplying chocolate for everyone from See’s, \u003ca href=\"https://www.williams-sonoma.com/products/guittard-150th-anniversary-chocolate-bar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Williams-Sonoma\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakeshack.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shake Shack\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.recchiuti.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Recchiuti Confections\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.charleschocolates.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Charles Chocolates\u003c/a>. “Everybody’s had [Guittard chocolate], and they don’t realize it,” says CEO Gary Guittard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707854\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34039_largebar-800x621.jpg\" alt=\"Each Guittard client has a special recipe -- or recipes -- involving particular cocoa beans and a particular mix of chocolate liquor, cocoa butter, sugar and possibly milk. In a similar vein, Guittard's own brand products don't taste the same as what you find distributed by other companies that use Guittard chocolate.\" width=\"800\" height=\"621\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34039_largebar-800x621.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34039_largebar-160x124.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34039_largebar.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Each Guittard client has a special recipe — or recipes — involving particular cocoa beans and a particular mix of chocolate liquor, cocoa butter, sugar and possibly milk. In a similar vein, Guittard’s own brand products don’t taste the same as what you find distributed by other companies that use Guittard chocolate. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Guittard Chocolate Company)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The company has expanded to a new facility in Fairfield, but much of the processing of the chocolate still happens in Burlingame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary’s daughter, Amy Guittard, says there’s a mind-bending range of variation in chocolate, depending on what variables you play with and how. The nib, for instance, is more or less 50 percent fat and 50 percent solid. Once those two elements have been separated from each other in a hydraulic press, you can adjust those percentages, depending on your intended application. “That wide array of percentages is important if you’re a pastry chef or even a home baker,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary Guittard also loves to nerd out on the specifics. He can tell you where cocoa pods grow best, which would be “10 to 15 degrees on either side of the equator.” Also, you might be interested to know how children in cocoa-growing regions like to eat their chocolate: in fruit form. “They’ll take a pod and pop a seed in their mouth and suck the mucilage off it, because it’s like a fruit,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company gets the cocoa beans after they’ve been fermented and dried by farmers. “We work with them in regards to their post-harvest practices. We might want [beans] a little under-fermented, depending on the bean type, or a little over-fermented. Or we might want them dried quickly or more slowly. All of those things affect the flavor,” says Gary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707853\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707853\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34038_Drummer-Boy-qut-800x601.jpg\" alt='An early advertisement for E. Guittard Co., \"practical manufacturers of plain and fancy chocolates and cocoa of every description.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34038_Drummer-Boy-qut-800x601.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34038_Drummer-Boy-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34038_Drummer-Boy-qut-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34038_Drummer-Boy-qut-1200x901.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34038_Drummer-Boy-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An early advertisement for E. Guittard Co., “practical manufacturers of plain and fancy chocolates and cocoa of every description.” \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Guittard Chocolate Company)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amy notes consumer enthusiasm for bean-to-bar chocolate swings back and forth between “extreme” flavors and more traditional blends. “There’s beauty in the extreme, but also in the balance. We’ve got flavor labs in Java, Ghana and Ivory Coast that are focused on preserving those heirloom flavor profiles,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guittard helped to found a nonprofit organization called the \u003ca href=\"https://hcpcacao.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Heirloom Cacao Preservation Fund\u003c/a>. From the group’s website: “Our goal is to not only protect and propagate fine flavor cacao for future generations, but to also improve the livelihoods for cacao-growing families. These efforts will ultimately help farmers scale up and strengthen commercial links to the fine chocolate market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To celebrate its 150th anniversary, Guittard developed a bar that pays homage to the West Coast style of chocolate founder Etienne Guittard would have made, but which also celebrates the family’s enthusiasm for distinctive chocolate that tastes like where it comes from. The chocolate bar, \u003ca href=\"https://www.guittard.com/our-chocolate/detail/eureka-works-62-cacao-limited-edition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eureka Works,\u003c/a> is made with beans sourced from Pacific trade routes—Indonesia, Hawaii, Ecuador and Brazil. A portion of the proceeds from sales will go to the Heirloom Cacao Preservation Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How has this company managed to survive the market forces that typically eat up smaller chocolatiers? Gary says Guittard has always kept the pool of investors small and limited to people who care about chocolate. “There’s still a lot to learn in this business, so that’s a big part of the fun.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bakers’ Notes: For those keen to replicate the \u003ca href=\"https://www.davidlebovitz.com/salted-chocolate-chip-tahini-cookies-cookie-recipe/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">salted chocolate chip tahini cookies\u003c/a> pictured above, a few key tips: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>– use a high-quality tahini imported from the Middle East\u003cbr>\n– use a high-quality butter\u003cbr>\n– refrigerate the dough overnight. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The result will be worth the extra effort!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"headline": "Why Burlingame Smells Like Chocolate",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you like to bake \u003ca href=\"https://www.davidlebovitz.com/salted-chocolate-chip-tahini-cookies-cookie-recipe/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">cookies\u003c/a>, like me, there’s a good chance you’ve picked up a bag of semi-sweet or extra dark Guittard chocolate chips at the market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ooooh, this must be French,” I’ve thought, failing to look closely at the fine print on the packaging. (Guess who quite recently acquired her first pair of reading glasses?)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Guittard may be the biggest local chocolate-maker some of us had no clue was local—even though they’ve been making chocolate here since the Gold Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original Guittard was Etienne, who came to San Francisco in 1860 \u003cem>from France\u003c/em> (i.e. I wasn’t entirely off the mark). He realized eventually the big money lay in satisfying the San Franciscan sweet tooth. Flash forward to 1868, when E. Guittard Co. opened its doors, about 16 years after Domingo Ghirardelli.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707906\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11707906 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Vintage_Guittard_Building-800x595.jpg\" alt=\"The old Guittard factory in San Francisco, before the company moved operations to Burlingame, and now Fairfield, too.\" width=\"800\" height=\"595\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Vintage_Guittard_Building-800x595.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Vintage_Guittard_Building-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Vintage_Guittard_Building-1020x758.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Vintage_Guittard_Building-1200x892.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/Vintage_Guittard_Building-1920x1427.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The old Guittard factory in San Francisco, before the company moved operations to Burlingame, and now Fairfield, too.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Presumably, there was room for both of them in this chocolate-loving city, because they were both thriving when the 1906 earthquake hit. Guittard’s factory moved briefly to Commercial Street and then to Main Street, where it sat until 1955. Redevelopment then forced the operation to relocate to Burlingame, where it’s stayed ever since, at 10 Guittard Road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is why people living in or traveling through Burlingame and Millbrae often report a sudden need to consume chocolate.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What It’s Like Inside\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>It’s like the engine room of an old battle ship, if an old battle ship smelled like warm chocolate. The machinery for roasting, grinding, refining is massive and much of it is more than 60 years old, shipped in from Switzerland and Germany.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is even older, celebrating its 150th year—still manufacturing in the Bay Area, still privately owned. These days, that’s the business equivalent of a miracle. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ghirardelli.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Ghirardelli Chocolate Company\u003c/a> is now owned by the U.S. division of Swiss confectioner Lindt & Sprüngli. \u003ca href=\"https://www.sees.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">See’s Candies\u003c/a>, headquartered in San Francisco, is owned by Berkshire Hathaway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guittard sits in an economic sweet spot between big companies and little ones, supplying chocolate for everyone from See’s, \u003ca href=\"https://www.williams-sonoma.com/products/guittard-150th-anniversary-chocolate-bar/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Williams-Sonoma\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.shakeshack.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Shake Shack\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www.recchiuti.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Recchiuti Confections\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.charleschocolates.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Charles Chocolates\u003c/a>. “Everybody’s had [Guittard chocolate], and they don’t realize it,” says CEO Gary Guittard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707854\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34039_largebar-800x621.jpg\" alt=\"Each Guittard client has a special recipe -- or recipes -- involving particular cocoa beans and a particular mix of chocolate liquor, cocoa butter, sugar and possibly milk. In a similar vein, Guittard's own brand products don't taste the same as what you find distributed by other companies that use Guittard chocolate.\" width=\"800\" height=\"621\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34039_largebar-800x621.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34039_largebar-160x124.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34039_largebar.jpg 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Each Guittard client has a special recipe — or recipes — involving particular cocoa beans and a particular mix of chocolate liquor, cocoa butter, sugar and possibly milk. In a similar vein, Guittard’s own brand products don’t taste the same as what you find distributed by other companies that use Guittard chocolate. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Guittard Chocolate Company)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The company has expanded to a new facility in Fairfield, but much of the processing of the chocolate still happens in Burlingame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary’s daughter, Amy Guittard, says there’s a mind-bending range of variation in chocolate, depending on what variables you play with and how. The nib, for instance, is more or less 50 percent fat and 50 percent solid. Once those two elements have been separated from each other in a hydraulic press, you can adjust those percentages, depending on your intended application. “That wide array of percentages is important if you’re a pastry chef or even a home baker,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary Guittard also loves to nerd out on the specifics. He can tell you where cocoa pods grow best, which would be “10 to 15 degrees on either side of the equator.” Also, you might be interested to know how children in cocoa-growing regions like to eat their chocolate: in fruit form. “They’ll take a pod and pop a seed in their mouth and suck the mucilage off it, because it’s like a fruit,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company gets the cocoa beans after they’ve been fermented and dried by farmers. “We work with them in regards to their post-harvest practices. We might want [beans] a little under-fermented, depending on the bean type, or a little over-fermented. Or we might want them dried quickly or more slowly. All of those things affect the flavor,” says Gary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11707853\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11707853\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34038_Drummer-Boy-qut-800x601.jpg\" alt='An early advertisement for E. Guittard Co., \"practical manufacturers of plain and fancy chocolates and cocoa of every description.\"' width=\"800\" height=\"601\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34038_Drummer-Boy-qut-800x601.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34038_Drummer-Boy-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34038_Drummer-Boy-qut-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34038_Drummer-Boy-qut-1200x901.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS34038_Drummer-Boy-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An early advertisement for E. Guittard Co., “practical manufacturers of plain and fancy chocolates and cocoa of every description.” \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Guittard Chocolate Company)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Amy notes consumer enthusiasm for bean-to-bar chocolate swings back and forth between “extreme” flavors and more traditional blends. “There’s beauty in the extreme, but also in the balance. We’ve got flavor labs in Java, Ghana and Ivory Coast that are focused on preserving those heirloom flavor profiles,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guittard helped to found a nonprofit organization called the \u003ca href=\"https://hcpcacao.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Heirloom Cacao Preservation Fund\u003c/a>. From the group’s website: “Our goal is to not only protect and propagate fine flavor cacao for future generations, but to also improve the livelihoods for cacao-growing families. These efforts will ultimately help farmers scale up and strengthen commercial links to the fine chocolate market.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To celebrate its 150th anniversary, Guittard developed a bar that pays homage to the West Coast style of chocolate founder Etienne Guittard would have made, but which also celebrates the family’s enthusiasm for distinctive chocolate that tastes like where it comes from. The chocolate bar, \u003ca href=\"https://www.guittard.com/our-chocolate/detail/eureka-works-62-cacao-limited-edition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Eureka Works,\u003c/a> is made with beans sourced from Pacific trade routes—Indonesia, Hawaii, Ecuador and Brazil. A portion of the proceeds from sales will go to the Heirloom Cacao Preservation Fund.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How has this company managed to survive the market forces that typically eat up smaller chocolatiers? Gary says Guittard has always kept the pool of investors small and limited to people who care about chocolate. “There’s still a lot to learn in this business, so that’s a big part of the fun.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bakers’ Notes: For those keen to replicate the \u003ca href=\"https://www.davidlebovitz.com/salted-chocolate-chip-tahini-cookies-cookie-recipe/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">salted chocolate chip tahini cookies\u003c/a> pictured above, a few key tips: \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>– use a high-quality tahini imported from the Middle East\u003cbr>\n– use a high-quality butter\u003cbr>\n– refrigerate the dough overnight. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The result will be worth the extra effort!\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "why-are-san-francisco-houses-so-close-together",
"title": "Why Are San Francisco Houses So Close Together?",
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"content": "\u003cp>In San Francisco, the houses are quite cozy — sometimes mere inches apart. We can hear our neighbors’ wailing babies, their band practice and even their showers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This design is pretty common in cities across the country, but Friedel Pretorius, this week’s Bay Curious question asker, couldn’t help noticing it here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriouspodcastinfo]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like walking around San Francisco and just observing all the different houses,” says Friedel. “And I noticed that a lot of the buildings in San Francisco are really close together, like less than a foot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wants to know why they are so close and how they ended up this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s always rot and maintenance that old houses need, and I just wonder how are they built and how are they maintained,” Friedel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sfhistory.org/board-of-directors/#c-fracchia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charles Fracchia\u003c/a> has the answer. He’s the founder of the\u003ca href=\"https://sfhistory.org/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> San Francisco Museum and Historical Society, \u003c/a>and has written several books on San Francisco history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I meet him in the Jackson Square area, just north of the Transamerica Pyramid, where some of the city’s oldest buildings still stand. His bushy white eyebrows peek out from circular rimmed glasses that give him a scholarly look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11705856\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11705856 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0366-1-e1542057208808-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"This house once stood at 1916 Sacramento Street and was built in 1878. The parlors on each floor were 15 and a half feet wide and the staircase was about five feet wide. Today, apartments occupy this lot.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0366-1-e1542057208808-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0366-1-e1542057208808-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0366-1-e1542057208808-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0366-1-e1542057208808-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0366-1-e1542057208808.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This house, called the H. W. Newbauer House, once stood at 1916 Sacramento St. and was built in 1878. The parlors on each floor were 15 and a half feet wide and the staircase was about 5 feet wide. Today, apartments occupy this lot. \u003ccite>(Quarterly Architectural News, October 1879)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So you notice every one of these is on a lot next to each other, basically back to back,” says Fracchia. “There are no side yards or gardens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re looking at a series of brick buildings, two to three stories tall, very plain. He tells me this tight style of building was common in old European settlements, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ancient towns and cities had a wall around them. So you wanted to compress your real estate as much as you can,” says Fracchia, offering Paris in the Middle Ages as an example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tells me cities were designed this way to protect against invaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I ask him how San Francisco made this idea its own, and he ushers me into a nearby private dining club he’s a member of, to show me some framed paintings of what the city looked like before it was a city … before it became squished together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here’s the one I really wanted to show you,” he says. “You notice there are just a handful of buildings over here. So very few buildings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11702207\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11702207 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Close1-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Fracchia points to a drawing of San Francisco before the Gold Rush. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We are looking at a painting dated from 1846 to 1847. It’s right before the Gold Rush and right after the U.S. took over California from Mexico. At that point, there’s not really much to the city — it’s mostly sand dunes and it looks like peaceful, rolling countryside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with so few people, there was a city council. They convinced the federal government to give them the land San Francisco sits on. And then, Fracchia says, they started divvying that land up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They did this late in 1846, when they hired O’Farrell to do the survey,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jasper O’Farrell was an Irish-born surveyor. \u003ca href=\"https://www.revolvy.com/page/Jasper-O%27Farrell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">O’Farrell Street in San Francisco is named after him.\u003c/a> He designed ranchos and other towns in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When he was given the job, there are about, let’s say, 500 people in the settlement of Yerba Buena,” says Fracchia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11702219\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11702219 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Close2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Fracchia in front of a photo of San Francisco’s original waterfront. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>O’Farrell had no idea what the future held for this little settlement and he had to guess how big the city would become. With little direction from the city council, he was given free rein to design it however he fancied. He started with a grid — a format already in place by the Mexican settlers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracchia then points out another drawing of an early map of the city with streets running perpendicular to one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map has a bunch of teeny boxes, and each box represents a city block. Each of those blocks is divided into six smaller lots called varas — a Spanish unit of measurement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After O’Farrell finalized his map, the city started auctioning off these varas. The ones South of Market were going for cheap: $12.67. But those close to downtown were pricey: $50 to $100 per vara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as they are auctioning them off, the Gold Rush happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of a sudden, there’s a huge demand to cram together an exploding population. A lot of people need to fit into not much space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[baycuriousbug]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The varas got subdivided into smaller lots, some less than 25 feet wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very typical real estate operation in large U.S. cities,” says Fracchia. “You can get more money by splitting the lots up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 25 feet is not that much space. Another local historian, William Kostura, says that it was just enough room for a parlor and a staircase. So in most cases, houses were built to take up the entire lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To build these houses, the walls had to be built first, on the ground, and then lifted into place using a system of levers and pulleys. This still happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the unique building techniques, Fracchia says the small lots also influenced the architecture of the buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That gave way to the shape of San Francisco flats or houses. You know, a long narrow corridor called a railroad flat. Little rooms off that. You don’t have any kind of expansion,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11705855\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11705855 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0367-1-e1542057187557-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0367-1-e1542057187557-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0367-1-e1542057187557-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0367-1-e1542057187557-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0367-1-e1542057187557-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0367-1-e1542057187557.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This house once stood at 1916 Sacramento St. and was built in 1878. The parlors on each floor were 15½ feet wide and the staircase was about 5 feet wide. Today, apartments occupy this lot. \u003ccite>(Quarterly Architectural News, October 1879)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A lot of these houses were often built with small gaps separating them — like 1 or 2 feet — to allow light to come in through the side walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maintaining those walls can get tricky.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do you fix a house when you can’t get to the side?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ben Ladomirak from\u003ca href=\"http://www.teevan.com/about-us/team/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Teevan \u003c/a>works on all sorts of houses in San Francisco, and he tells me he’s done everything imaginable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is nothing that exists on a home that we haven’t done,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He comes across houses that are super close together all the time, but he says “none are wide enough that you could get a person in there. I mean, I might be able to get a tiny person that’s not me. But all jokes aside, you can’t get in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that means that he can’t paint them — which causes problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“UV damages the paint, which then makes the paint peel, which then makes the wood split and crack, which lets the water in, and it’s really water that does the damage,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This doesn’t happen that often because most walls are shaded from the sun. But when it does happen, it’s a big deal. If Ben thinks the wall is rotted out and the building might fall down, he has to do something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only way we’ll be able to deal with it is from the inside of your house. We cannot get to it from the outside,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine everything on the wall being stripped down, all the sheetrock out, and you have the vertical studs that you can see. If they are damaged, you are doing the best you can from the inside of your house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he fixes the wall from the inside, but Ben also needs to protect the outside. He does this by connecting the roofs of the two buildings, or by making sure one roof overlaps the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, you just have to hope that your roof keeps the water out.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In San Francisco, the houses are quite cozy — sometimes mere inches apart. We can hear our neighbors’ wailing babies, their band practice and even their showers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This design is pretty common in cities across the country, but Friedel Pretorius, this week’s Bay Curious question asker, couldn’t help noticing it here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Bay Curious\u003c/a> is a podcast that answers your questions about the Bay Area.\n Subscribe on \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/bay-curious/id1172473406\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Apple Podcasts\u003c/a>,\n \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/podcasts/500557090/bay-curious\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">NPR One\u003c/a> or your favorite podcast platform.\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like walking around San Francisco and just observing all the different houses,” says Friedel. “And I noticed that a lot of the buildings in San Francisco are really close together, like less than a foot.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She wants to know why they are so close and how they ended up this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s always rot and maintenance that old houses need, and I just wonder how are they built and how are they maintained,” Friedel says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://sfhistory.org/board-of-directors/#c-fracchia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Charles Fracchia\u003c/a> has the answer. He’s the founder of the\u003ca href=\"https://sfhistory.org/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> San Francisco Museum and Historical Society, \u003c/a>and has written several books on San Francisco history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I meet him in the Jackson Square area, just north of the Transamerica Pyramid, where some of the city’s oldest buildings still stand. His bushy white eyebrows peek out from circular rimmed glasses that give him a scholarly look.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11705856\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11705856 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0366-1-e1542057208808-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"This house once stood at 1916 Sacramento Street and was built in 1878. The parlors on each floor were 15 and a half feet wide and the staircase was about five feet wide. Today, apartments occupy this lot.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0366-1-e1542057208808-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0366-1-e1542057208808-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0366-1-e1542057208808-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0366-1-e1542057208808-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0366-1-e1542057208808.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This house, called the H. W. Newbauer House, once stood at 1916 Sacramento St. and was built in 1878. The parlors on each floor were 15 and a half feet wide and the staircase was about 5 feet wide. Today, apartments occupy this lot. \u003ccite>(Quarterly Architectural News, October 1879)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“So you notice every one of these is on a lot next to each other, basically back to back,” says Fracchia. “There are no side yards or gardens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re looking at a series of brick buildings, two to three stories tall, very plain. He tells me this tight style of building was common in old European settlements, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ancient towns and cities had a wall around them. So you wanted to compress your real estate as much as you can,” says Fracchia, offering Paris in the Middle Ages as an example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tells me cities were designed this way to protect against invaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I ask him how San Francisco made this idea its own, and he ushers me into a nearby private dining club he’s a member of, to show me some framed paintings of what the city looked like before it was a city … before it became squished together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Here’s the one I really wanted to show you,” he says. “You notice there are just a handful of buildings over here. So very few buildings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11702207\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11702207 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Close1-800x541.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"541\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Fracchia points to a drawing of San Francisco before the Gold Rush. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>We are looking at a painting dated from 1846 to 1847. It’s right before the Gold Rush and right after the U.S. took over California from Mexico. At that point, there’s not really much to the city — it’s mostly sand dunes and it looks like peaceful, rolling countryside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even with so few people, there was a city council. They convinced the federal government to give them the land San Francisco sits on. And then, Fracchia says, they started divvying that land up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They did this late in 1846, when they hired O’Farrell to do the survey,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jasper O’Farrell was an Irish-born surveyor. \u003ca href=\"https://www.revolvy.com/page/Jasper-O%27Farrell\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">O’Farrell Street in San Francisco is named after him.\u003c/a> He designed ranchos and other towns in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When he was given the job, there are about, let’s say, 500 people in the settlement of Yerba Buena,” says Fracchia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11702219\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11702219 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/Close2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Fracchia in front of a photo of San Francisco’s original waterfront. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>O’Farrell had no idea what the future held for this little settlement and he had to guess how big the city would become. With little direction from the city council, he was given free rein to design it however he fancied. He started with a grid — a format already in place by the Mexican settlers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fracchia then points out another drawing of an early map of the city with streets running perpendicular to one another.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The map has a bunch of teeny boxes, and each box represents a city block. Each of those blocks is divided into six smaller lots called varas — a Spanish unit of measurement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After O’Farrell finalized his map, the city started auctioning off these varas. The ones South of Market were going for cheap: $12.67. But those close to downtown were pricey: $50 to $100 per vara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And as they are auctioning them off, the Gold Rush happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of a sudden, there’s a huge demand to cram together an exploding population. A lot of people need to fit into not much space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003caside class=\"alignleft utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__bayCuriousPodcastShortcode__bayCurious\">\u003cimg src=https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/bayCuriousLogo.png alt=\"Bay Curious Podcast\" loading=\"lazy\" />\n What do you wonder about the Bay Area, its culture or people that you want KQED to investigate?\n \u003ca href=\"/news/series/baycurious\">Ask Bay Curious.\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The varas got subdivided into smaller lots, some less than 25 feet wide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a very typical real estate operation in large U.S. cities,” says Fracchia. “You can get more money by splitting the lots up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 25 feet is not that much space. Another local historian, William Kostura, says that it was just enough room for a parlor and a staircase. So in most cases, houses were built to take up the entire lot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To build these houses, the walls had to be built first, on the ground, and then lifted into place using a system of levers and pulleys. This still happens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the unique building techniques, Fracchia says the small lots also influenced the architecture of the buildings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That gave way to the shape of San Francisco flats or houses. You know, a long narrow corridor called a railroad flat. Little rooms off that. You don’t have any kind of expansion,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11705855\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11705855 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0367-1-e1542057187557-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0367-1-e1542057187557-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0367-1-e1542057187557-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0367-1-e1542057187557-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0367-1-e1542057187557-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/IMG_0367-1-e1542057187557.jpg 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This house once stood at 1916 Sacramento St. and was built in 1878. The parlors on each floor were 15½ feet wide and the staircase was about 5 feet wide. Today, apartments occupy this lot. \u003ccite>(Quarterly Architectural News, October 1879)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A lot of these houses were often built with small gaps separating them — like 1 or 2 feet — to allow light to come in through the side walls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maintaining those walls can get tricky.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How do you fix a house when you can’t get to the side?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Ben Ladomirak from\u003ca href=\"http://www.teevan.com/about-us/team/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Teevan \u003c/a>works on all sorts of houses in San Francisco, and he tells me he’s done everything imaginable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is nothing that exists on a home that we haven’t done,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He comes across houses that are super close together all the time, but he says “none are wide enough that you could get a person in there. I mean, I might be able to get a tiny person that’s not me. But all jokes aside, you can’t get in there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that means that he can’t paint them — which causes problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“UV damages the paint, which then makes the paint peel, which then makes the wood split and crack, which lets the water in, and it’s really water that does the damage,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This doesn’t happen that often because most walls are shaded from the sun. But when it does happen, it’s a big deal. If Ben thinks the wall is rotted out and the building might fall down, he has to do something.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only way we’ll be able to deal with it is from the inside of your house. We cannot get to it from the outside,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Imagine everything on the wall being stripped down, all the sheetrock out, and you have the vertical studs that you can see. If they are damaged, you are doing the best you can from the inside of your house.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So he fixes the wall from the inside, but Ben also needs to protect the outside. He does this by connecting the roofs of the two buildings, or by making sure one roof overlaps the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>FRISCO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just try dropping that word into conversation these days and see what kind of response you get. Chances are good the nickname will be met with a healthy dose of side-eye, a grimace or even a slap on the wrist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frisco is the nickname we love to hate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland native Rena Yang wanted to know: why?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Listen to the story above, or read the web version: \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11339599/why-do-some-hate-the-nickname-frisco\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Why Do Some Hate the Nickname ‘Frisco’?\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>The martini is iconic. Not just because of James Bond, but the glass it’s served in, those neon signs in front of old school bars … it even has its own emoji.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OUUq5mRCimo\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The martini is also the first cocktail Tamir Ben-Shalom learned how to make.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ben-Shalom is bar manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bullvalleyroadhouse.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bull Valley Roadhouse\u003c/a> in the tiny East Bay town of Port Costa. He makes a mean martini: two parts of Old Tom Gin, one part Turino vermouth blend, and orange bitters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703176\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11703176\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tamir Ben-Shalom is the Bar Manager at Bull Valley Road House in Port Costa, a tiny town in the East Bay. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703175\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11703175\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lemon, gin and vermouth go into the martini at the Bull Valley Roadhouse. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But he tells me that if I want to get to the bottom of the martini mystery, I really need to drive 20 minutes to Martinez. So, I get in my car until I hit the intersection of Masonic and Alhambra Streets. It’s an unassuming parking lot, except for a plaque on a giant boulder that claims \u003cem>this\u003c/em> is the site of the martini’s invention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703173\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11703173 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"In the middle of a parking lot in Martinez, there is a plaque that claims it is the site of the invention of the martini.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the middle of a parking lot in Martinez, there is a plaque that claims it is the site of the invention of the martini. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The plaque reads: “On this site in 1874, Julio Richelieu, bartender, served up the first martini when a miner came into his saloon with a fistful of nuggets and asked for something special. He was served a Martinez Special. After three or four drinks, however, the Z would get very much in the way. The drink consisted of two thirds gin, one third vermouth, a dash of orange bitters, poured over crushed ice and served with an olive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only does Martinez lay claim to the drink with a plaque, it throws an \u003ca href=\"http://www.martinezchamber.com/martinis-on-the-plaza-gala\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">annual Martini’s on the Plaza Gaza\u003c/a>, and the drink’s origin story is on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofmartinez.org/our_city/martini.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">city’s official website.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gabriel Clothes, a San Francisco bartender who collects and studies old cocktail recipes, says there’s actually a lot of controversy about where — and who — invented the martini.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These origins are so murky. Especially a drink, it’s not entered into the public record,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703179\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 347px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11703179 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33514_JerryThomas01-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"347\" height=\"310\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33514_JerryThomas01-qut.jpg 294w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33514_JerryThomas01-qut-160x143.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33514_JerryThomas01-qut-240x215.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 347px) 100vw, 347px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An 1862 engraving of Jerry Thomas. His ‘Bartenders Guide’ is a seminal cocktail recipe book. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons: Museum of the American Cocktail)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Clothes tells me a really similar origin story — it also takes place during the 1870s, but this time it happens in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It starts with a miner with a sack of gold who went into the bar at the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occidental_Hotel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Occidental Hotel\u003c/a> hoping to trade it for a bottle of whiskey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bartender \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Thomas_(bartender)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jerry Thomas\u003c/a> gave him the whiskey AND a special drink he invented off the cuff — the Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1887, the recipe for the Martinez was documented for the first time, in Jerry Thomas’ Bartender’s Guide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And his recipe looks a lot like the classic martini : one part Old Tom gin, and two parts vermouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703178\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 292px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11703178\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33515_bartenders-guide-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"292\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33515_bartenders-guide-qut.jpg 199w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33515_bartenders-guide-qut-160x241.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 292px) 100vw, 292px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerry Thomas’ Bartenders Guide (first published in 1862) was reprinted in 1887 with a recipe for the Martinez. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jennifer Colliau)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To try to clarify the Martinez-Martini confusion, I consult with Jennifer Colliau, an an award-winning bartender and self-proclaimed cocktail nerd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I love that there’s this air of mystery to it,” she says of the cocktail. “[American writer] H.L. Mencken called the martini ‘the only American invention as perfect as the sonnet.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She loves the martini so much, she’s created a spreadsheet of all the different variations she’s found over the years. It has whopping 469 entries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the drinks she’s documented are made with exact same recipe but different names: the Chris Racquet Club, the Duey, the Dry Martini, the Marguerite and the Nutting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703180\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11703180 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33516_JENNIFER-colliau-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33516_JENNIFER-colliau-qut.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33516_JENNIFER-colliau-qut-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33516_JENNIFER-colliau-qut-240x156.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33516_JENNIFER-colliau-qut-375x243.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33516_JENNIFER-colliau-qut-520x337.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jennifer Colliau is founder of Small Hand Foods, and an award-winning bartender. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jennifer Colliau)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All of those drinks are made with the same ingredients: 1 to 1 gin and dry vermouth with orange bitters. So which one is one?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colliau says I’m asking the wrong question: “There is nothing empirical here. There are people writing other people’s recipes. There are people naming drinks after themselves or after the bars they work in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This explains why it’s \u003cem>so\u003c/em> hard to nail down the difference between a Martinez and a martini, let alone where it was invented. But regardless of what it was called…it’s obvious that a martini-type gin drink was very popular at the turn of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People always drank whatever they had around and you know when America was being settled, there was a lot of gin here,” says Colliau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that wasn’t an accident. Gin’s popularity can really be traced back to \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prohibition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the manufacturing and selling of alcohol became illegal in 1920, people got…creative. Ever heard of bathtub gin? That was literally gin made in a bathtub. It was cheap and easy, and there was a lot of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703181\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 472px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11703181\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33553_prohibition-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"472\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33553_prohibition-qut.jpg 472w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33553_prohibition-qut-160x126.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33553_prohibition-qut-240x189.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33553_prohibition-qut-375x296.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prohibition agents destroying barrels of alcohol. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons: Chicago Daily News negatives collection, Chicago Historical Society.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And the martini profile got a boost when President Roosevelt repealed Prohibition thirteen years later. According to Gabriel Clothes, Roosevelt even toasted the end of Prohibition with — a martini.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colliau considers the martini the “granddaddy of cocktails”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this granddaddy came from here — the San Francisco Bay Area. Well it PROBABLY came from here…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2015/11/27/move-over-san-francisco-the-martini-has-a-home-in-contra-costa-county-seat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>, in 1983, the San Francisco Court of Historical Review — a group with no actual legal authority — held a mock trial over the origin of the martini, determining that their city was the cocktail’s rightful birthplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703182\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 287px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11703182\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"287\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1.jpg 1512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 287px) 100vw, 287px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A martini with a twist. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But not to be outdone, a mock court in Martinez overturned the ruling shortly after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I press Jennifer Colliau, Tamir Ben-Shalom, and Gabriel Clothes on the martini was invented, no one is willing to say anything definitively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, when I ask Colliau if she thinks it’s important that people know where the martini comes from, she gives it to me straight:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh god no no no. No one needs to know any of this,” she says laughing. Then she adds, “I mean if you’re enjoying yourself at my bar that’s really all that I care about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheers to that!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The drink was originally concocted in the Bay Area. But where exactly the cocktail was invented, how it got its name, and what it's made of — that's where it gets muddled.",
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"title": "Golden State Plate: The Story of the Martini, Straight Up, With a Twist | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The martini is iconic. Not just because of James Bond, but the glass it’s served in, those neon signs in front of old school bars … it even has its own emoji.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/OUUq5mRCimo'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/OUUq5mRCimo'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The martini is also the first cocktail Tamir Ben-Shalom learned how to make.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ben-Shalom is bar manager at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bullvalleyroadhouse.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bull Valley Roadhouse\u003c/a> in the tiny East Bay town of Port Costa. He makes a mean martini: two parts of Old Tom Gin, one part Turino vermouth blend, and orange bitters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703176\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11703176\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33552_IMG_4072-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tamir Ben-Shalom is the Bar Manager at Bull Valley Road House in Port Costa, a tiny town in the East Bay. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703175\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11703175\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33512_IMG_4071-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lemon, gin and vermouth go into the martini at the Bull Valley Roadhouse. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But he tells me that if I want to get to the bottom of the martini mystery, I really need to drive 20 minutes to Martinez. So, I get in my car until I hit the intersection of Masonic and Alhambra Streets. It’s an unassuming parking lot, except for a plaque on a giant boulder that claims \u003cem>this\u003c/em> is the site of the martini’s invention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703173\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11703173 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"In the middle of a parking lot in Martinez, there is a plaque that claims it is the site of the invention of the martini.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1067\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-1920x2560.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33511_alt_797-520x693.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the middle of a parking lot in Martinez, there is a plaque that claims it is the site of the invention of the martini. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The plaque reads: “On this site in 1874, Julio Richelieu, bartender, served up the first martini when a miner came into his saloon with a fistful of nuggets and asked for something special. He was served a Martinez Special. After three or four drinks, however, the Z would get very much in the way. The drink consisted of two thirds gin, one third vermouth, a dash of orange bitters, poured over crushed ice and served with an olive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not only does Martinez lay claim to the drink with a plaque, it throws an \u003ca href=\"http://www.martinezchamber.com/martinis-on-the-plaza-gala\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">annual Martini’s on the Plaza Gaza\u003c/a>, and the drink’s origin story is on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cityofmartinez.org/our_city/martini.asp\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">city’s official website.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Gabriel Clothes, a San Francisco bartender who collects and studies old cocktail recipes, says there’s actually a lot of controversy about where — and who — invented the martini.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These origins are so murky. Especially a drink, it’s not entered into the public record,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703179\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 347px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11703179 \" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33514_JerryThomas01-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"347\" height=\"310\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33514_JerryThomas01-qut.jpg 294w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33514_JerryThomas01-qut-160x143.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33514_JerryThomas01-qut-240x215.jpg 240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 347px) 100vw, 347px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An 1862 engraving of Jerry Thomas. His ‘Bartenders Guide’ is a seminal cocktail recipe book. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons: Museum of the American Cocktail)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Clothes tells me a really similar origin story — it also takes place during the 1870s, but this time it happens in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It starts with a miner with a sack of gold who went into the bar at the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occidental_Hotel\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Occidental Hotel\u003c/a> hoping to trade it for a bottle of whiskey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bartender \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry_Thomas_(bartender)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jerry Thomas\u003c/a> gave him the whiskey AND a special drink he invented off the cuff — the Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1887, the recipe for the Martinez was documented for the first time, in Jerry Thomas’ Bartender’s Guide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And his recipe looks a lot like the classic martini : one part Old Tom gin, and two parts vermouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703178\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 292px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-11703178\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33515_bartenders-guide-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"292\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33515_bartenders-guide-qut.jpg 199w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33515_bartenders-guide-qut-160x241.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 292px) 100vw, 292px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jerry Thomas’ Bartenders Guide (first published in 1862) was reprinted in 1887 with a recipe for the Martinez. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jennifer Colliau)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To try to clarify the Martinez-Martini confusion, I consult with Jennifer Colliau, an an award-winning bartender and self-proclaimed cocktail nerd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I love that there’s this air of mystery to it,” she says of the cocktail. “[American writer] H.L. Mencken called the martini ‘the only American invention as perfect as the sonnet.'”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She loves the martini so much, she’s created a spreadsheet of all the different variations she’s found over the years. It has whopping 469 entries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the drinks she’s documented are made with exact same recipe but different names: the Chris Racquet Club, the Duey, the Dry Martini, the Marguerite and the Nutting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703180\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11703180 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33516_JENNIFER-colliau-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"415\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33516_JENNIFER-colliau-qut.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33516_JENNIFER-colliau-qut-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33516_JENNIFER-colliau-qut-240x156.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33516_JENNIFER-colliau-qut-375x243.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33516_JENNIFER-colliau-qut-520x337.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jennifer Colliau is founder of Small Hand Foods, and an award-winning bartender. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Jennifer Colliau)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>All of those drinks are made with the same ingredients: 1 to 1 gin and dry vermouth with orange bitters. So which one is one?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colliau says I’m asking the wrong question: “There is nothing empirical here. There are people writing other people’s recipes. There are people naming drinks after themselves or after the bars they work in.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This explains why it’s \u003cem>so\u003c/em> hard to nail down the difference between a Martinez and a martini, let alone where it was invented. But regardless of what it was called…it’s obvious that a martini-type gin drink was very popular at the turn of the century.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People always drank whatever they had around and you know when America was being settled, there was a lot of gin here,” says Colliau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that wasn’t an accident. Gin’s popularity can really be traced back to \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prohibition_in_the_United_States\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Prohibition\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the manufacturing and selling of alcohol became illegal in 1920, people got…creative. Ever heard of bathtub gin? That was literally gin made in a bathtub. It was cheap and easy, and there was a lot of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703181\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 472px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11703181\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33553_prohibition-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"472\" height=\"372\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33553_prohibition-qut.jpg 472w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33553_prohibition-qut-160x126.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33553_prohibition-qut-240x189.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33553_prohibition-qut-375x296.jpg 375w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Prohibition agents destroying barrels of alcohol. \u003ccite>(Wikimedia Commons: Chicago Daily News negatives collection, Chicago Historical Society.)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And the martini profile got a boost when President Roosevelt repealed Prohibition thirteen years later. According to Gabriel Clothes, Roosevelt even toasted the end of Prohibition with — a martini.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colliau considers the martini the “granddaddy of cocktails”.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this granddaddy came from here — the San Francisco Bay Area. Well it PROBABLY came from here…\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.mercurynews.com/2015/11/27/move-over-san-francisco-the-martini-has-a-home-in-contra-costa-county-seat/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">San Jose Mercury News\u003c/a>, in 1983, the San Francisco Court of Historical Review — a group with no actual legal authority — held a mock trial over the origin of the martini, determining that their city was the cocktail’s rightful birthplace.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11703182\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 287px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11703182\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-800x1067.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"287\" height=\"383\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-800x1067.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-1020x1360.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-900x1200.jpg 900w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-1180x1573.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-960x1280.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-240x320.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-375x500.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1-520x693.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/11/RS33508_alt_798-1.jpg 1512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 287px) 100vw, 287px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A martini with a twist. \u003ccite>(Bianca Taylor/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But not to be outdone, a mock court in Martinez overturned the ruling shortly after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I press Jennifer Colliau, Tamir Ben-Shalom, and Gabriel Clothes on the martini was invented, no one is willing to say anything definitively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, when I ask Colliau if she thinks it’s important that people know where the martini comes from, she gives it to me straight:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh god no no no. No one needs to know any of this,” she says laughing. Then she adds, “I mean if you’re enjoying yourself at my bar that’s really all that I care about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cheers to that!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "50-years-on-the-olympic-power-salute-of-1968-gets-its-due-respect",
"title": "50 Years On, the Olympic Power Salute of 1968 Gets Its Due Respect",
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"headTitle": "50 Years On, the Olympic Power Salute of 1968 Gets Its Due Respect | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Before anyone took a knee on a football field, two athletes from San Jose State University (SJSU) raised their fists in the air. It was 50 years ago this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of the most iconic images in sports history: Tommie Smith and John Carlos, two African-American track and field medal winners from SJSU, standing shoeless on an awards platform in Mexico City with their heads bowed and their fists in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, San Jose State University celebrated the major anniversary of that moment with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjsuwordstoaction.com/50th-anniversary-of-the-defining-moment-in-sports-social-activism-the-voices-of-1968-head-to-san-jose-state-university-for-historic-town-hall/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">town hall\u003c/a> that drew a large, enthusiastic crowd of students and a few people old enough to remember the original moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11699652\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11699652\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Tommie Smith at his alma mater, San Jose State University on October 17, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tommie Smith at his alma mater, San Jose State University on October 17, 2018. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Josie Lepe/San Jose State University )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His hair now grey, 74-year-old Smith has no regrets. “Find something to be responsible for. Get up in the morning, look in the mirror, and say to yourself, you have a responsibility. Then you’ve got to answer that. What is it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a young university student, Smith was thinking along these lines before he qualified for the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City. In 1967, as the Mexico City Olympics approached, another athlete and activist on campus by the name of \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjsuwordstoaction.com/category/dr-harry-edwards/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harry Edwards\u003c/a> formed the Olympic Project for Human Rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group called for an athlete boycott of the games, to highlight the inequities African-American athletes faced. They wanted more black coaches. They wanted Olympic officials to restore Muhammad Ali’s heavyweight title, to disinvite South Africa and Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) from the Olympics, and to remove Avery Brundage, the controversial International Olympic Committee president, from power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boycott failed to gain traction, but in the political moment of 1968, after two major assassinations, rolling riots and protests throughout the country, Smith and Carlos were not alone in feeling the charged political atmosphere back home demanded some kind of response, some action to capitalize on the platform they would enjoy with the world’s attention on them for the games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of athletes wore black items of clothing during the Olympics as silent, subtle protests, but Smith and Carlos had something bigger in mind. After they won the gold and bronze, respectively, for their performances in the 200-meter dash, they walked up to receive their medals wearing black scarves to symbolize lynching, as well as black socks with no shoes to symbolize poverty. As the crowd cheered, they each raised a gloved fist to the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch the men’s 200-meter race at the 1968 Mexico City Games, and the awards ceremony that follows. The relevant action begins at 29:45.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pVsQYRZgb10]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The response was immediate and vitriolic. The International Olympic Committee called the protest of black suffering in America “outrageous,” and sent the two men\u003ca href=\"https://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/sfbatv/bundles/206374\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> back to San Jose\u003c/a> the next day. Smith and Carlos received death threats, and the FBI monitored them with the label “rabble rousers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The action … was an insult to the Mexican hosts and a disgrace to the United States,” Avery Brundage, the International Olympic Committee president, wrote in a letter months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The superstars from “Speed City,” as San Jose State was called at the time, were banned from international track and field competitions. In 1968, Tommie Smith was one of the fastest men on the planet. He set 13 world records, including the one on Oct. 16, 1968.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yV4zvaxeI94]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, attitudes towards what the men did began to change. In 1984, Smith and Carlos became emissaries for the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. They were inducted into the U.S. Track and Field Hall of Fame. And in 2005, the Associated Students of San Jose State University unveiled, in the heart of the campus, a 23-foot-tall sculpture of the two athletes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos told the gathering, “W\u003cb>\u003c/b>e had to do something that would be prestigious, respectable, pungent, shocking. We didn’t give the finger. We didn’t wrap the flag around our head or tie it up like a diaper. We didn’t stand there with disrespect. We stood there to say, ‘Hey man, I’m America. I’m your son and I’m wounded. I’m not wounded for me, because I’m one of your heroes. I’m in the Olympics. But I’m wounded for the race.’ […] That’s why we went to Mexico City.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11699653\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11699653\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"John Carlos and Tommie Smith stand in front of the statue memorializing their iconic Olympic moment on the San Jose State University campus.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Carlos and Tommie Smith stand in front of the statue memorializing their iconic Olympic moment on the San Jose State University campus. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Josie Lepe/San Jose State University )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He added, “I didn’t choose to be the guy in Mexico City. God chose me to be there. But God left it up to us as to how we were going to respond when we got there. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in attendance that day: Australian Olympian Peter Norman, the white, silver medal winner who stood with Smith and Carlos in sympathy back in 1968.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a year before he died in 2006, Norman had this to say. “Two men made a statement that reverberated around the world. It was like a pebble into the middle of a small pond. The reverberations of the ripple are still rippling. It’s a very big pond. It’s the entire world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11699655\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11699655\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Harry Edwards, now Professor Emeritus at UC Berkeley, addresses a celebration at San Jose State University.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033.jpg 1738w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Harry Edwards, now Professor Emeritus at UC Berkeley, addresses a celebration at San Jose State University. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Josie Lepe/San Jose State University )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Edwards calls what happened in Mexico City part of the third wave of athletic political activism. The first wave, he explains, includes people like Jack Johnson and Joe Lewis who established the fact of black athletic talent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second wave includes people like Jackie Robinson and Bill Willis who struggled to establish access to the fields of play, to end segregation of professional sports after World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third wave includes Muhammed Ali, as well as Smith and Carlos.\u003cbr>\n[ad floatright]\u003cbr>\n“Dignity and respect. Not only did they want to be on the field and on the courts, in the boxing ring. They wanted to be respected as human beings outside of the arena. That’s why it was the Olympic project for human rights, not the Olympic project for civil rights,” Edwards says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/colin-kaepernick\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colin Kaepernick\u003c/a>, the quarterback who lost his NFL position after kneeling during the national anthem to protest racial and social injustice? Edwards says Kaepernick is part of the fourth wave, which he sees as play for power. “Today, we’re in a position where we can exercise power. Here’s what we want to talk about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards sees a fifth wave coming: women claiming more of a leadership role in professional sports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going anywhere where women don’t lead,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://uploads.knightlab.com/storymapjs/52f6ac29a40773d4b276d006a9cc5ce8/politics-at-the-olympics/index.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "On the 50th anniversary of the 1968 Mexico City Olympics, San Jose State University celebrates the athletes who spoke out against racism.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Before anyone took a knee on a football field, two athletes from San Jose State University (SJSU) raised their fists in the air. It was 50 years ago this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one of the most iconic images in sports history: Tommie Smith and John Carlos, two African-American track and field medal winners from SJSU, standing shoeless on an awards platform in Mexico City with their heads bowed and their fists in the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, San Jose State University celebrated the major anniversary of that moment with a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjsuwordstoaction.com/50th-anniversary-of-the-defining-moment-in-sports-social-activism-the-voices-of-1968-head-to-san-jose-state-university-for-historic-town-hall/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">town hall\u003c/a> that drew a large, enthusiastic crowd of students and a few people old enough to remember the original moment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11699652\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11699652\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Tommie Smith at his alma mater, San Jose State University on October 17, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0062.jpg 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tommie Smith at his alma mater, San Jose State University on October 17, 2018. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Josie Lepe/San Jose State University )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>His hair now grey, 74-year-old Smith has no regrets. “Find something to be responsible for. Get up in the morning, look in the mirror, and say to yourself, you have a responsibility. Then you’ve got to answer that. What is it?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a young university student, Smith was thinking along these lines before he qualified for the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City. In 1967, as the Mexico City Olympics approached, another athlete and activist on campus by the name of \u003ca href=\"https://www.sjsuwordstoaction.com/category/dr-harry-edwards/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harry Edwards\u003c/a> formed the Olympic Project for Human Rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group called for an athlete boycott of the games, to highlight the inequities African-American athletes faced. They wanted more black coaches. They wanted Olympic officials to restore Muhammad Ali’s heavyweight title, to disinvite South Africa and Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) from the Olympics, and to remove Avery Brundage, the controversial International Olympic Committee president, from power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The boycott failed to gain traction, but in the political moment of 1968, after two major assassinations, rolling riots and protests throughout the country, Smith and Carlos were not alone in feeling the charged political atmosphere back home demanded some kind of response, some action to capitalize on the platform they would enjoy with the world’s attention on them for the games.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of athletes wore black items of clothing during the Olympics as silent, subtle protests, but Smith and Carlos had something bigger in mind. After they won the gold and bronze, respectively, for their performances in the 200-meter dash, they walked up to receive their medals wearing black scarves to symbolize lynching, as well as black socks with no shoes to symbolize poverty. As the crowd cheered, they each raised a gloved fist to the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Watch the men’s 200-meter race at the 1968 Mexico City Games, and the awards ceremony that follows. The relevant action begins at 29:45.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/pVsQYRZgb10'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/pVsQYRZgb10'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The response was immediate and vitriolic. The International Olympic Committee called the protest of black suffering in America “outrageous,” and sent the two men\u003ca href=\"https://diva.sfsu.edu/collections/sfbatv/bundles/206374\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> back to San Jose\u003c/a> the next day. Smith and Carlos received death threats, and the FBI monitored them with the label “rabble rousers.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The action … was an insult to the Mexican hosts and a disgrace to the United States,” Avery Brundage, the International Olympic Committee president, wrote in a letter months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The superstars from “Speed City,” as San Jose State was called at the time, were banned from international track and field competitions. In 1968, Tommie Smith was one of the fastest men on the planet. He set 13 world records, including the one on Oct. 16, 1968.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/yV4zvaxeI94'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/yV4zvaxeI94'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the years, attitudes towards what the men did began to change. In 1984, Smith and Carlos became emissaries for the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. They were inducted into the U.S. Track and Field Hall of Fame. And in 2005, the Associated Students of San Jose State University unveiled, in the heart of the campus, a 23-foot-tall sculpture of the two athletes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carlos told the gathering, “W\u003cb>\u003c/b>e had to do something that would be prestigious, respectable, pungent, shocking. We didn’t give the finger. We didn’t wrap the flag around our head or tie it up like a diaper. We didn’t stand there with disrespect. We stood there to say, ‘Hey man, I’m America. I’m your son and I’m wounded. I’m not wounded for me, because I’m one of your heroes. I’m in the Olympics. But I’m wounded for the race.’ […] That’s why we went to Mexico City.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11699653\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11699653\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"John Carlos and Tommie Smith stand in front of the statue memorializing their iconic Olympic moment on the San Jose State University campus.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/RS33278_TommieCarlos_Sculpture_EPE0461-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">John Carlos and Tommie Smith stand in front of the statue memorializing their iconic Olympic moment on the San Jose State University campus. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Josie Lepe/San Jose State University )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He added, “I didn’t choose to be the guy in Mexico City. God chose me to be there. But God left it up to us as to how we were going to respond when we got there. ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also in attendance that day: Australian Olympian Peter Norman, the white, silver medal winner who stood with Smith and Carlos in sympathy back in 1968.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just a year before he died in 2006, Norman had this to say. “Two men made a statement that reverberated around the world. It was like a pebble into the middle of a small pond. The reverberations of the ripple are still rippling. It’s a very big pond. It’s the entire world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11699655\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11699655\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Dr. Harry Edwards, now Professor Emeritus at UC Berkeley, addresses a celebration at San Jose State University.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033-520x347.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/10/EPE0033.jpg 1738w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dr. Harry Edwards, now Professor Emeritus at UC Berkeley, addresses a celebration at San Jose State University. \u003ccite>(Photo: Courtesy of Josie Lepe/San Jose State University )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Edwards calls what happened in Mexico City part of the third wave of athletic political activism. The first wave, he explains, includes people like Jack Johnson and Joe Lewis who established the fact of black athletic talent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second wave includes people like Jackie Robinson and Bill Willis who struggled to establish access to the fields of play, to end segregation of professional sports after World War II.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The third wave includes Muhammed Ali, as well as Smith and Carlos.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n“Dignity and respect. Not only did they want to be on the field and on the courts, in the boxing ring. They wanted to be respected as human beings outside of the arena. That’s why it was the Olympic project for human rights, not the Olympic project for civil rights,” Edwards says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/tag/colin-kaepernick\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colin Kaepernick\u003c/a>, the quarterback who lost his NFL position after kneeling during the national anthem to protest racial and social injustice? Edwards says Kaepernick is part of the fourth wave, which he sees as play for power. “Today, we’re in a position where we can exercise power. Here’s what we want to talk about.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Edwards sees a fifth wave coming: women claiming more of a leadership role in professional sports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re not going anywhere where women don’t lead,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width:100%\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://uploads.knightlab.com/storymapjs/52f6ac29a40773d4b276d006a9cc5ce8/politics-at-the-olympics/index.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"800\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"radiolab": {
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"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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"reveal": {
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"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
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},
"science-friday": {
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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