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"content": "\u003cp>The personal information of scores of current and former Sausalito government employees was exposed in an email phishing scam late last month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The names, addresses, Social Security numbers and income records of 147 city employees were inadvertently emailed to someone claiming to be a Sausalito official, according to Melanie Purcell, the city's administrative services director.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I wouldn't wish this on anybody,\" Purcell said in an interview. \"There's a level of really feeling bad that we put employees in this position to deal with it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A city worker emailed last year's W-2 tax forms to an \"unknown, unauthorized third party\" on Jan. 30.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The following day Sausalito employees received a letter, notifying them of the breach. The city says it told the Internal Revenue Service, Federal Trade Commission and the California Franchise Tax Board about the cyberthefts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two members of the City Council were among those whose information was exposed, Purcell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sausalito Police Department is investigating the breach. The FBI has been made aware of the case but has not opened a probe into it, according to Prentice Danner, a spokesman for the FBI's San Francisco division.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worker who inadvertently handed over personal information of government employees was responding to an email that purported to be from a city official, Purcell said. The worker sent the data in an attachment to an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In trying to be responsive to a request for information from the city manager, she jumped ahead of herself and sent out stuff that should not have been sent out,\" Purcell said, emphasizing that the city responded aggressively to the breach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The employee who released the information actually notified me as soon as she realized what it was, so we were able to jump on it very quickly,\" Purcell said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are no signs yet that the information has been used, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city has encouraged its employees to contact their financial institutions and credit reporting agencies to file fraud alerts and request consumer protection measures. Sausalito is also offering a free year of credit monitoring services to its workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The breach prompted CalPERS to begin an \"administrative lock\" on all of the city employees whose information was released, according to another letter sent to workers on Feb. 2. The lock, the letter explains, requires employer verification when an account is viewed or changed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To prevent a similar hack, Sausalito is looking into strengthening its spam filters for city agency computer systems and creating new rules that employees would need to follow before they communicate about worker information over email, Purcell said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Federal Communications Commission is working toward officially taking current net neutrality rules off the books.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency took the requisite formal step of \u003ca href=\"https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/02/22/2018-03464/restoring-internet-freedom\">publishing the rules\u003c/a> on Thursday, opening the door for lawsuits from a number of state attorneys general and advocacy groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Democrats have also been pushing for a special congressional vote to block regulations from going into effect, but have so far been one vote short of overcoming the Republican majority. A similar vote would also face a very high hurdle in the Republican-controlled House of Representatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1iKDMxK0I7NHc68M1i4m2nJeJMayC1Js\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pushback follows the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/12/14/fcc-repeals-net-neutrality-rules-for-internet-providers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">December vote\u003c/a> by the Republican-led FCC to repeal Obama-era net neutrality rules, which limit the power of internet service providers to influence loading speeds for specific websites or apps. The repeal can't take effect until the Office of Management and Budget completes a review of the change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR has reported, \"the rules, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/02/26/389259382/net-neutrality-up-for-vote-today-by-fcc-board\">put in place in 2015\u003c/a>, banned cable and telecom companies from blocking or slowing down any websites or apps. They also prohibited broadband providers from striking special deals that would give some websites or apps 'priority' over others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/587896608/587918406\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FCC's repeal will allow both blocking and throttling by internet providers, leaving one requirement intact: that broadband companies — such as Comcast, Verizon and AT&T — have to disclose to users how they handle web traffic. FCC Chairman Ajit Pai has said the Federal Trade Commission should then police violations. The FTC does not pre-emptively regulate them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadband companies have said they do not intend to block, slow down or prioritize any web traffic as a result of the FCC's repeal, arguing that it's not in their interest to upset and potentially drive away subscribers. Nevertheless, net neutrality supporters say the repeal will allow broadband companies to act as gatekeepers of how people use the internet -- for example, empowering internet providers to prioritize their own video-streaming services over competitors'.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Eh8DCZhmuv1REaBaj6EsJVT7X4QYOnqO\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of more than 20 state attorneys and several advocacy groups \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2018/01/16/more-than-20-states-are-suing-the-federal-communications-commission-over-its-net-neutrality-decision/?utm_term=.38c16f00fe52\">had already begun\u003c/a> the process of challenging the FCC in court in previous weeks. Now that the rules are officially published, the supporters of net neutrality are starting to refile their formal lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal challenges have the support of groups and internet companies, including the ACLU, Fight for the Future, Public Knowledge, Reddit, Vimeo, Tumblr and Mozilla. The Internet Association, which represents companies such as Google and Facebook, has also opposed the FCC's repeal of net neutrality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's note: NPR's legal counsel had filed comments with the FCC on behalf of the public radio system, opposing the repeal of the 2015 net neutrality rules. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/10717112197099/NPR%20Restoring%20Internet%20Freedom%20Comments.Final.pdf\">\u003cem>You can read them here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FCC+Takes+Another+Step+Toward+Repeal+Of+Net+Neutrality&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR has reported, \"the rules, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/02/26/389259382/net-neutrality-up-for-vote-today-by-fcc-board\">put in place in 2015\u003c/a>, banned cable and telecom companies from blocking or slowing down any websites or apps. They also prohibited broadband providers from striking special deals that would give some websites or apps 'priority' over others.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/587896608/587918406\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FCC's repeal will allow both blocking and throttling by internet providers, leaving one requirement intact: that broadband companies — such as Comcast, Verizon and AT&T — have to disclose to users how they handle web traffic. FCC Chairman Ajit Pai has said the Federal Trade Commission should then police violations. The FTC does not pre-emptively regulate them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Broadband companies have said they do not intend to block, slow down or prioritize any web traffic as a result of the FCC's repeal, arguing that it's not in their interest to upset and potentially drive away subscribers. Nevertheless, net neutrality supporters say the repeal will allow broadband companies to act as gatekeepers of how people use the internet -- for example, empowering internet providers to prioritize their own video-streaming services over competitors'.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A coalition of more than 20 state attorneys and several advocacy groups \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-switch/wp/2018/01/16/more-than-20-states-are-suing-the-federal-communications-commission-over-its-net-neutrality-decision/?utm_term=.38c16f00fe52\">had already begun\u003c/a> the process of challenging the FCC in court in previous weeks. Now that the rules are officially published, the supporters of net neutrality are starting to refile their formal lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal challenges have the support of groups and internet companies, including the ACLU, Fight for the Future, Public Knowledge, Reddit, Vimeo, Tumblr and Mozilla. The Internet Association, which represents companies such as Google and Facebook, has also opposed the FCC's repeal of net neutrality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Editor's note: NPR's legal counsel had filed comments with the FCC on behalf of the public radio system, opposing the repeal of the 2015 net neutrality rules. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://ecfsapi.fcc.gov/file/10717112197099/NPR%20Restoring%20Internet%20Freedom%20Comments.Final.pdf\">\u003cem>You can read them here.\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=FCC+Takes+Another+Step+Toward+Repeal+Of+Net+Neutrality&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When someone asks Katherine Peik that age-old question, “So, what do you do?” Peik doesn’t have a simple answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peik has two actual jobs — substitute teaching and waiting tables. To make extra money, she also sells \u003ca href=\"https://www.etsy.com/shop/GlitterandLiterature?social_invites=1&si_uuid=626dbc42-2a7a-4990-9ca5-ed69515bc17d&user_id=20730134&si_time=1518506356&si_page=shop_home&si_trigger=ss&si_object_id=ui.core.CoreActivity&platform=android\">handmade resin baubles on Etsy\u003c/a>. It’s her “side hustle.” Peik doesn’t like to admit it, but she sometimes needs the income from that side hustle to buy groceries. At 30 years old, Peik expected at this point in her life to have a predictable stream of grocery money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As people like Peik rely on side hustles to get by, long-term stable jobs with benefits like a pension and robust health care are becoming harder to come by. At the same time this kind of employment is disappearing, we’re being encouraged to embrace the hustle by everyone from gig companies like Lyft and Uber to pop culture figures like Jay-Z and media organizations like Forbes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since its start, Uber has run marketing campaigns that entice drivers with the prospect of becoming entrepreneurs. More recently, the company has adopted the term “side hustle,” which features prominently in the video ad below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.ispot.tv/ad/wOYe/uber-side-hustle-earning-song-by-saint-motel\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fiverr, a company where people get paid for small tasks, has promoted an extreme vision of the side-hustle life. It has run ads glorifying those who “eat coffee for lunch” and who consider sleep deprivation their “drug of choice.” The online ad from Fiverr below shows a woman checking her phone for a gig while she is in bed having sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[youtube https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9t0UckyNTsQ]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News outlets like Forbes post how-to and promotional articles about side hustles, with headlines like “15 Easy Side Hustles Millennials Can Start This Weekend” or “How Starting a Side Hustle Could Be Your Best Investment Yet.” On Etsy, there is an entire genre of gifts branded with the saying: “Good things come to those who hustle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to gig and media companies, there is a whole cottage industry of entrepreneurship gurus who stoke the hustle culture. They self-publish books and take to YouTube, expounding about how anyone can make it if they have enough hustle. Below is one such guru who has a theory about the existence of a “hustle muscle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/ZlY2aDQOjMo?t=28s\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Having to hustle has not always been so celebrated. In the past it has been looked down on or even vilified. You can see some of the transition in how our culture views work in the etymological history and changing perception of the word “hustle” itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get a better picture of how we view hustle, we spoke to several linguists and requested a survey from Wakefield Research. The market research firm questioned 2,000 people to get a sense of how they think about both “hustle” and “side hustles.” Excerpts from the study are posted throughout this article, but you can \u003ca href=\"http://www.wakefieldresearch.com/blog/2018/02/21/side-hustle-who-and-why\">see the full results here\u003c/a>. One of the most interesting findings is that a majority of Americans believe that it’s hard to succeed in the US if you don’t have a side hustle.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Sixty percent of Americans familiar with the phrase “side hustle” feel it is used positively when they hear others saying the term.\u003ccite>Wakefield Research survey\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>University of Florida linguist Diana Boxer said “hustle” has undergone a shift — a “semantic amelioration” to use the fancy linguistic phrase. This is when a word goes from having a negative connotation to a more positive one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The word “hustle” has come a long way. Here’s the pocket etymology. In the late 17th century, the verb crossed over from the Dutch word “husselen.” When it was first adopted into English, it was a verb that meant to shake or toss. Over time “hustle” evolved to mean hurrying, elbowing one’s way in, and later, to sell aggressively. By the early 20th century, “hustling” came to refer to illegal activities: drug dealing, prostitution and street scams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who is hustling or exhibiting hustle has an impact on how we feel about the word and the activity. This is a general linguistic principle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Words and terms and expressions tend to have negative or positive meaning, depending upon on the groups with which they are associated,” Boxer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The top three most common side hustles are jobs in sales/retail, manual labor/landscaping or office work.\u003ccite>Wakefield Research survey\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Side hustle” did not start popping up until the middle of the 20th century. According to University of Michigan linguist Sarah Thomason, the term was first used in the African-American community. It appeared in the 1950s to describe both legit and shady jobs. Here is a representative quote from 1958 that Thomason found in the Pittsburgh Courier, an African-American newspaper:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That well-known Chicago scoutmaster and church official whose friends are unaware of his lucrative side hustle. Once he’s away from his boy scouts and church cronies he dons a colorful costume, pulls out a crystal ball, and becomes a “prophet” who sells numbers and gives spiritual advice to all who pay his fat fee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the early ’90s, hustling to survive has been a big theme in hip-hop culture. It appears in songs by Jay-Z, Notorious B.I.G., Lil Wayne, 50 Cent and others. Rappers have reclaimed the hustle, and they are celebrating it, said Eric Davis, a sociologist at Bellevue College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The interesting thing is that on one level, it is this idea of doing something illegal,” Davis said. “But they’re saying at the same time, you don’t give me other options, and I have to take care of my kids and family and take care of myself. So I am going to get my hustle on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">On average, Americans keep their side hustles secret from 55 percent of their family, friends and co-workers.\u003ccite>Wakefield Research survey\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Davis said companies are now co-opting “side hustle” from the African-American community, and they’re using it to market to everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This corporation is using that slang, hip-hop culture in a way to say here’s something that the young people and people coming up in this generation can relate to,” Davis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine Peik can relate. But the substitute-teaching, table-waiting, Etsy-selling 30-year-old has a different term for side hustling: “The grind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peik said she’d like to stop hustling and settle down into a long-term, stable teaching job. But she has $75,000 in college debt, and right now she’s busy juggling side hustles to try to pay it all off.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "How We Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Side Hustle | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When someone asks Katherine Peik that age-old question, “So, what do you do?” Peik doesn’t have a simple answer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peik has two actual jobs — substitute teaching and waiting tables. To make extra money, she also sells \u003ca href=\"https://www.etsy.com/shop/GlitterandLiterature?social_invites=1&si_uuid=626dbc42-2a7a-4990-9ca5-ed69515bc17d&user_id=20730134&si_time=1518506356&si_page=shop_home&si_trigger=ss&si_object_id=ui.core.CoreActivity&platform=android\">handmade resin baubles on Etsy\u003c/a>. It’s her “side hustle.” Peik doesn’t like to admit it, but she sometimes needs the income from that side hustle to buy groceries. At 30 years old, Peik expected at this point in her life to have a predictable stream of grocery money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As people like Peik rely on side hustles to get by, long-term stable jobs with benefits like a pension and robust health care are becoming harder to come by. At the same time this kind of employment is disappearing, we’re being encouraged to embrace the hustle by everyone from gig companies like Lyft and Uber to pop culture figures like Jay-Z and media organizations like Forbes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since its start, Uber has run marketing campaigns that entice drivers with the prospect of becoming entrepreneurs. More recently, the company has adopted the term “side hustle,” which features prominently in the video ad below.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.ispot.tv/ad/wOYe/uber-side-hustle-earning-song-by-saint-motel\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fiverr, a company where people get paid for small tasks, has promoted an extreme vision of the side-hustle life. It has run ads glorifying those who “eat coffee for lunch” and who consider sleep deprivation their “drug of choice.” The online ad from Fiverr below shows a woman checking her phone for a gig while she is in bed having sex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/9t0UckyNTsQ'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/9t0UckyNTsQ'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News outlets like Forbes post how-to and promotional articles about side hustles, with headlines like “15 Easy Side Hustles Millennials Can Start This Weekend” or “How Starting a Side Hustle Could Be Your Best Investment Yet.” On Etsy, there is an entire genre of gifts branded with the saying: “Good things come to those who hustle.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to gig and media companies, there is a whole cottage industry of entrepreneurship gurus who stoke the hustle culture. They self-publish books and take to YouTube, expounding about how anyone can make it if they have enough hustle. Below is one such guru who has a theory about the existence of a “hustle muscle.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/ZlY2aDQOjMo'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/ZlY2aDQOjMo'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Having to hustle has not always been so celebrated. In the past it has been looked down on or even vilified. You can see some of the transition in how our culture views work in the etymological history and changing perception of the word “hustle” itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get a better picture of how we view hustle, we spoke to several linguists and requested a survey from Wakefield Research. The market research firm questioned 2,000 people to get a sense of how they think about both “hustle” and “side hustles.” Excerpts from the study are posted throughout this article, but you can \u003ca href=\"http://www.wakefieldresearch.com/blog/2018/02/21/side-hustle-who-and-why\">see the full results here\u003c/a>. One of the most interesting findings is that a majority of Americans believe that it’s hard to succeed in the US if you don’t have a side hustle.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Sixty percent of Americans familiar with the phrase “side hustle” feel it is used positively when they hear others saying the term.\u003ccite>Wakefield Research survey\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>University of Florida linguist Diana Boxer said “hustle” has undergone a shift — a “semantic amelioration” to use the fancy linguistic phrase. This is when a word goes from having a negative connotation to a more positive one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The word “hustle” has come a long way. Here’s the pocket etymology. In the late 17th century, the verb crossed over from the Dutch word “husselen.” When it was first adopted into English, it was a verb that meant to shake or toss. Over time “hustle” evolved to mean hurrying, elbowing one’s way in, and later, to sell aggressively. By the early 20th century, “hustling” came to refer to illegal activities: drug dealing, prostitution and street scams.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Who is hustling or exhibiting hustle has an impact on how we feel about the word and the activity. This is a general linguistic principle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Words and terms and expressions tend to have negative or positive meaning, depending upon on the groups with which they are associated,” Boxer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">The top three most common side hustles are jobs in sales/retail, manual labor/landscaping or office work.\u003ccite>Wakefield Research survey\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Side hustle” did not start popping up until the middle of the 20th century. According to University of Michigan linguist Sarah Thomason, the term was first used in the African-American community. It appeared in the 1950s to describe both legit and shady jobs. Here is a representative quote from 1958 that Thomason found in the Pittsburgh Courier, an African-American newspaper:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That well-known Chicago scoutmaster and church official whose friends are unaware of his lucrative side hustle. Once he’s away from his boy scouts and church cronies he dons a colorful costume, pulls out a crystal ball, and becomes a “prophet” who sells numbers and gives spiritual advice to all who pay his fat fee.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the early ’90s, hustling to survive has been a big theme in hip-hop culture. It appears in songs by Jay-Z, Notorious B.I.G., Lil Wayne, 50 Cent and others. Rappers have reclaimed the hustle, and they are celebrating it, said Eric Davis, a sociologist at Bellevue College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The interesting thing is that on one level, it is this idea of doing something illegal,” Davis said. “But they’re saying at the same time, you don’t give me other options, and I have to take care of my kids and family and take care of myself. So I am going to get my hustle on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">On average, Americans keep their side hustles secret from 55 percent of their family, friends and co-workers.\u003ccite>Wakefield Research survey\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Davis said companies are now co-opting “side hustle” from the African-American community, and they’re using it to market to everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This corporation is using that slang, hip-hop culture in a way to say here’s something that the young people and people coming up in this generation can relate to,” Davis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katherine Peik can relate. But the substitute-teaching, table-waiting, Etsy-selling 30-year-old has a different term for side hustling: “The grind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "the-father-of-the-internet-sees-his-invention-reflected-back-through-a-black-mirror",
"title": "The Father of the Internet Sees His Invention Reflected Back Through a 'Black Mirror'",
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"content": "\u003cp>In 1984, two men were thinking a lot about the Internet. One of them invented it. The other is an artist who would see its impact on society with uncanny prescience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First is the man often called “the father of the Internet,” Vint Cerf. Between the early 1970s and early ’80s, he led a team of scientists supported by research from the Defense Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Cerf was trying to create an Internet through which scientists and academics from all over the world could share data and research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, one day in 1988, Cerf says he went to a conference for commercial vendors where they were selling products for the Internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just stood there thinking, ‘My God! Somebody thinks they’re going to make money out of the Internet.’ ” Cerf was surprised and happy. “I was a big proponent of that. My friends in the community thought I was nuts. ‘Why would you let the unwashed masses get access to the Internet?’ And I said, ‘Because I want everybody to take advantage of its capability.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/583682937/587195961\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly, Cerf is an optimist. That is what allowed him to dream big. But, in retrospect, some of the decisions his team made seem hopelessly naive, especially for a bunch of geniuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They made it possible to surf the Internet anonymously — unlike a telephone, you don’t have a unique number that announces who you are. We know how that turned out. People with less lofty ambitions than Cerf used that loophole for cybercrime, international espionage and online harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cerf admits all that dark stuff never crossed his mind. “And we have to cope with that — I mean, welcome to the real world,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a way, why would Cerf have imagined all this? He was a scientist deeply engaged in solving a great technical problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11651166\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg\" alt='Vint Cerf, now a Google vice president, is often called the \"father of the Internet.\" He admits that when he and his team created the Internet, he never imagined how it would turn out.' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11651166\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-520x346.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vint Cerf, now a Google vice president, is often called the “father of the Internet.” He admits that when he and his team created the Internet, he never imagined how it would turn out. \u003ccite>(Chandan Khanna/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Cerf and his colleagues were busy inventing, the young aspiring science fiction writer William Gibson was looking for a place to set his first novel. Gibson was living in Seattle, and he had friends who worked in the budding tech industry. They told him about computers and the Internet, “and I was sitting with a yellow legal pad trying to come up with trippy names for a new arena in which science fiction could be staged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name Gibson came up with: cyberspace. And for a guy who had never seen it, he did a great job describing it in that 1984 book, \u003cem>Neuromancer\u003c/em>: “A graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system. Unthinkable complexity. Lines of light ranged in the nonspace of the mind, clusters and constellations of data. Like city lights, receding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somehow Gibson was able to imagine the potential scale of it — all those computers connected together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”ksesNCAmwR6qaXhjyHE0yRJ34BYVJ0Ab”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, it isn’t just the Internet that Gibson saw coming. In \u003cem>Neuromancer\u003c/em>, the Internet has become dominated by huge multinational corporations fighting off hackers. The main character is a washed-up criminal hacker who goes to work for an ex-military officer to regain his glory. And get this: The ex-military guy is deeply involved in cyber-espionage between the U.S. and Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gibson says he didn’t need to try a computer or see the Internet to imagine this future. “The first people to embrace a technology are the first to lose the ability to see it objectively,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he’s more interested in how people behave around new technologies. He likes to tell a story about how TV changed New York City neighborhoods in the 1940s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fewer people sat out on the stoops at night and talked to their neighbors, and it was because everyone was inside watching television,” he says. “No one really noticed it at the time as a kind of epochal event, which I think it was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of covering Silicon Valley and speaking with brilliant inventors, I found Gibson’s point a revelation. Our tech entrepreneurs are focused almost exclusively on how their devices will be used by individuals — not how those devices will change society. They want to make things that are addictive and entertaining. That is why I’ve started to take science fiction more seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the sci-fi artists looking at today’s latest technologies is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/10/20/498683379/black-mirror-creator-dramatizes-our-worst-nightmares-about-technology\">Charlie Brooker\u003c/a>, the creator and writer of the Netflix show \u003cem>Black Mirror\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”pRj5t3aSlyGPaGOIkkU8A5fxKRS3WLQb”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooker has a certain amount of frustration with the leaders in tech. “It’s felt like tech companies have for years just put this stuff out there,” he says. “And they distance themselves from the effects of their product effectively by saying, ‘Oh, we’re just offering a service.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooker sees each new technology more like an untested drug waiting to launch us on a very bad trip. Each episode of \u003cem>Black Mirror\u003c/em> is like its own laboratory testing a technology that is already out, but pushing it by mixing in common human behaviors and desires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one episode, everyone \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/24/13379204/black-mirror-season-3-episode-1-nosedive-recap\">ranks one another\u003c/a> on how well they interact socially in real time. It’s like Yelp on steroids. The result is a nightmare society — every smile is forced; it’s impossible to be honest with anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another episode, a grieving women hires a service that scans social media and other accounts of her deceased lover. It uses the information to bring him back as a humanoid robot. He speaks and responds almost exactly like the man she lost. And in case you’re wondering: Such technology is \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/896207/death-technology-will-allow-grieving-people-to-bring-back-their-loved-ones-from-the-dead-digitally/\">already in the works\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”egwQHUAix0ujlZTr6aUl9EJRXPpDPD38″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooker says he does admire inventors. He knows he could never be one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I could scarcely have invented the shoe,” Brooker says. “I’d be worrying that that would restrict your feet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a kind of optimism that it takes to be an inventor. But the father of the Internet thinks inventors need the artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the mind-stretching practice of trying to think what the implications of technology will be that makes me enjoy science fiction,” Cerf says. “It teaches me that when you’re inventing something you should try to think about what the consequences might be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The artists are the ones who recognize a fundamental truth: Human nature hasn’t changed much since Shakespeare’s time, no matter what fancy new tools you give us. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+Father+Of+The+Internet+Sees+His+Invention+Reflected+Back+Through+A+%27Black+Mirror%27&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In 1984, two men were thinking a lot about the Internet. One of them invented it. The other is an artist who would see its impact on society with uncanny prescience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First is the man often called “the father of the Internet,” Vint Cerf. Between the early 1970s and early ’80s, he led a team of scientists supported by research from the Defense Department.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, Cerf was trying to create an Internet through which scientists and academics from all over the world could share data and research.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, one day in 1988, Cerf says he went to a conference for commercial vendors where they were selling products for the Internet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I just stood there thinking, ‘My God! Somebody thinks they’re going to make money out of the Internet.’ ” Cerf was surprised and happy. “I was a big proponent of that. My friends in the community thought I was nuts. ‘Why would you let the unwashed masses get access to the Internet?’ And I said, ‘Because I want everybody to take advantage of its capability.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/583682937/587195961\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clearly, Cerf is an optimist. That is what allowed him to dream big. But, in retrospect, some of the decisions his team made seem hopelessly naive, especially for a bunch of geniuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They made it possible to surf the Internet anonymously — unlike a telephone, you don’t have a unique number that announces who you are. We know how that turned out. People with less lofty ambitions than Cerf used that loophole for cybercrime, international espionage and online harassment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cerf admits all that dark stuff never crossed his mind. “And we have to cope with that — I mean, welcome to the real world,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in a way, why would Cerf have imagined all this? He was a scientist deeply engaged in solving a great technical problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11651166\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg\" alt='Vint Cerf, now a Google vice president, is often called the \"father of the Internet.\" He admits that when he and his team created the Internet, he never imagined how it would turn out.' width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11651166\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-960x639.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85-520x346.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/gettyimages-461078056_custom-eff51ac1e90995ec05aa2ae8a30b54a1c560df5e-s1600-c85.jpg 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vint Cerf, now a Google vice president, is often called the “father of the Internet.” He admits that when he and his team created the Internet, he never imagined how it would turn out. \u003ccite>(Chandan Khanna/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>While Cerf and his colleagues were busy inventing, the young aspiring science fiction writer William Gibson was looking for a place to set his first novel. Gibson was living in Seattle, and he had friends who worked in the budding tech industry. They told him about computers and the Internet, “and I was sitting with a yellow legal pad trying to come up with trippy names for a new arena in which science fiction could be staged.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The name Gibson came up with: cyberspace. And for a guy who had never seen it, he did a great job describing it in that 1984 book, \u003cem>Neuromancer\u003c/em>: “A graphic representation of data abstracted from the banks of every computer in the human system. Unthinkable complexity. Lines of light ranged in the nonspace of the mind, clusters and constellations of data. Like city lights, receding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Somehow Gibson was able to imagine the potential scale of it — all those computers connected together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, it isn’t just the Internet that Gibson saw coming. In \u003cem>Neuromancer\u003c/em>, the Internet has become dominated by huge multinational corporations fighting off hackers. The main character is a washed-up criminal hacker who goes to work for an ex-military officer to regain his glory. And get this: The ex-military guy is deeply involved in cyber-espionage between the U.S. and Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gibson says he didn’t need to try a computer or see the Internet to imagine this future. “The first people to embrace a technology are the first to lose the ability to see it objectively,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he’s more interested in how people behave around new technologies. He likes to tell a story about how TV changed New York City neighborhoods in the 1940s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Fewer people sat out on the stoops at night and talked to their neighbors, and it was because everyone was inside watching television,” he says. “No one really noticed it at the time as a kind of epochal event, which I think it was.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After years of covering Silicon Valley and speaking with brilliant inventors, I found Gibson’s point a revelation. Our tech entrepreneurs are focused almost exclusively on how their devices will be used by individuals — not how those devices will change society. They want to make things that are addictive and entertaining. That is why I’ve started to take science fiction more seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among the sci-fi artists looking at today’s latest technologies is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/10/20/498683379/black-mirror-creator-dramatizes-our-worst-nightmares-about-technology\">Charlie Brooker\u003c/a>, the creator and writer of the Netflix show \u003cem>Black Mirror\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooker has a certain amount of frustration with the leaders in tech. “It’s felt like tech companies have for years just put this stuff out there,” he says. “And they distance themselves from the effects of their product effectively by saying, ‘Oh, we’re just offering a service.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooker sees each new technology more like an untested drug waiting to launch us on a very bad trip. Each episode of \u003cem>Black Mirror\u003c/em> is like its own laboratory testing a technology that is already out, but pushing it by mixing in common human behaviors and desires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one episode, everyone \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2016/10/24/13379204/black-mirror-season-3-episode-1-nosedive-recap\">ranks one another\u003c/a> on how well they interact socially in real time. It’s like Yelp on steroids. The result is a nightmare society — every smile is forced; it’s impossible to be honest with anyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another episode, a grieving women hires a service that scans social media and other accounts of her deceased lover. It uses the information to bring him back as a humanoid robot. He speaks and responds almost exactly like the man she lost. And in case you’re wondering: Such technology is \u003ca href=\"https://qz.com/896207/death-technology-will-allow-grieving-people-to-bring-back-their-loved-ones-from-the-dead-digitally/\">already in the works\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brooker says he does admire inventors. He knows he could never be one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I could scarcely have invented the shoe,” Brooker says. “I’d be worrying that that would restrict your feet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a kind of optimism that it takes to be an inventor. But the father of the Internet thinks inventors need the artists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the mind-stretching practice of trying to think what the implications of technology will be that makes me enjoy science fiction,” Cerf says. “It teaches me that when you’re inventing something you should try to think about what the consequences might be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook will soon rely on centuries-old technology to try to prevent foreign meddling in U.S. elections: the post office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baffled in 2016 by Russian agents who bought ads to sway the U.S. presidential campaign, Facebook's global politics and government outreach director, Katie Harbath, told a meeting of the National Association of Secretaries of State in Washington on Saturday that the company would send postcards to potential buyers of political ads to confirm they reside in the U.S. [contextly_sidebar id=\"YMLyNv3k1EtrOoBr9khg8VQ2kEba5d8y\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recipient would then have to enter a code in Facebook to continue buying the ad. The method will first apply to ads that name candidates ahead of the midterm elections in November, said Facebook spokesman Andy Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan was unveiled a day after special counsel Robert Mueller charged 13 Russians with interfering in the presidential election. Mueller's indictment described how Russian agents stole social security numbers and other information from real Americans and used them to create bank and PayPal accounts in order to buy online ads. Agents also recruited Americans to do things such as hold up signs at rallies organized to create content for Russian-created social media posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook uncovered some 3,000 Russian-linked ads on Facebook and Instagram bought before and after the November 2016 election that it says may have been seen by as many as 150 million users. But ads were only part of the problem, as the Mueller indictments say that Russian agents also set up fake pages with names such as \"Secured Borders,\" ''Blacktivist\" and \"United Muslims of America\" that had hundreds of thousands of followers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook did not say how the new postcard method of verification would prevent foreign agents from setting up local mailing addresses and hiring people in the U.S. to check them. But Stone said the method was \"one piece of a much larger effort to address foreign electoral influence on our platform.\" [contextly_sidebar id=\"G8UZgjpkcFansQRvfKEpA4zony3qMqvf\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's efforts largely center around verifying people on the platform are who they say they are. To catch duplicitous ad-buyers, for instance, it is now testing out in Canada a system that allows people to see which ads are being bought by a Facebook page — say, a candidate's — even if the person checking the ad is not in the group to whom the ad was intended to be shown. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone said Facebook was also able to detect and remove \"tens of thousands\" of fake Facebook pages in advance of French, German and British elections last year using improved machine learning techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has said it would double the number of people working on its safety and security team to 20,000 this year and add 1,000 people to review advertising content.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook will soon rely on centuries-old technology to try to prevent foreign meddling in U.S. elections: the post office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baffled in 2016 by Russian agents who bought ads to sway the U.S. presidential campaign, Facebook's global politics and government outreach director, Katie Harbath, told a meeting of the National Association of Secretaries of State in Washington on Saturday that the company would send postcards to potential buyers of political ads to confirm they reside in the U.S. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recipient would then have to enter a code in Facebook to continue buying the ad. The method will first apply to ads that name candidates ahead of the midterm elections in November, said Facebook spokesman Andy Stone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan was unveiled a day after special counsel Robert Mueller charged 13 Russians with interfering in the presidential election. Mueller's indictment described how Russian agents stole social security numbers and other information from real Americans and used them to create bank and PayPal accounts in order to buy online ads. Agents also recruited Americans to do things such as hold up signs at rallies organized to create content for Russian-created social media posts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook uncovered some 3,000 Russian-linked ads on Facebook and Instagram bought before and after the November 2016 election that it says may have been seen by as many as 150 million users. But ads were only part of the problem, as the Mueller indictments say that Russian agents also set up fake pages with names such as \"Secured Borders,\" ''Blacktivist\" and \"United Muslims of America\" that had hundreds of thousands of followers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook did not say how the new postcard method of verification would prevent foreign agents from setting up local mailing addresses and hiring people in the U.S. to check them. But Stone said the method was \"one piece of a much larger effort to address foreign electoral influence on our platform.\" \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook's efforts largely center around verifying people on the platform are who they say they are. To catch duplicitous ad-buyers, for instance, it is now testing out in Canada a system that allows people to see which ads are being bought by a Facebook page — say, a candidate's — even if the person checking the ad is not in the group to whom the ad was intended to be shown. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stone said Facebook was also able to detect and remove \"tens of thousands\" of fake Facebook pages in advance of French, German and British elections last year using improved machine learning techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has said it would double the number of people working on its safety and security team to 20,000 this year and add 1,000 people to review advertising content.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On Friday, the Justice Department’s special counsel announced the indictment of 13 Russians and three Russian companies for an alleged scheme to interfere with the 2016 U.S. presidential election and sow discord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russian operatives, according to the indictment, began to track and study groups on social media sites four years ago. The operatives allegedly began tracking metrics of groups on Facebook, paying attention to details like the number of comments and responses. The employees hired to do the work were referred to as specialists, and were divided into day-shift and night-shift hours. They were instructed, according to the indictment, to make posts in accordance with the appropriate U.S. time zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The indictment goes on to say the specialists were instructed to write about topics on social media sites like Twitter, Facebook and Instagram specifically related to U.S. foreign policy and economic issues. These posts were to create “political intensity through supporting radical groups, users dissatisfied with [the] social and economic situation and oppositional social movements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The operatives allegedly created hundreds of social media accounts and used them to create fictitious personas on social media sites, posing as everything from local Trump campaign supporters to Black Lives Matter activists. By 2016, the size of many of these groups, according to the indictment, had amassed hundreds of thousands of online followers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Facebook’s Response\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Facebook has not responded directly to this indictment, but during the Senate Intelligence Committee hearing last fall, Facebook General Counsel Colin Stretch said they discovered fake accounts were used to place ads on its platforms. He went on to say that content reached millions of Americans over a two-year period. Moving forward, Stretch says they’re making changes, like adding more ad reviewers and security engineers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, Facebook Chief Security Officer Alex Stamos issued this statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“In light of the continued threat of interference in US elections, we have maintained regular contact with the FBI, Department of Homeland Security, and other agencies about how we can work together to protect the 2018 midterms from external attack. We are particularly encouraged by the FBI’s creation of a task force dedicated to addressing election interference and we are actively working with that newly-formed body.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Twitter’s Response\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Twitter issued this statement Friday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> “Russian efforts to disrupt the 2016 U.S. election, in part by abusing social media platforms, go against everything we at Twitter believe. Any activity of this kind is intolerable, and we all must do more to prevent it. Twitter continues to work with the Special Counsel’s Office and with Congress throughout their investigations, providing relevant information and cooperating through appropriate law enforcement channels. We are also continuing to be transparent with the public as our own review of the 2016 election has evolved.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since fall, Twitter says it has notified more than a million users that they were potentially connected to a propaganda effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>PayPal Response \u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the indictment, the Russian operatives created fake Social Security numbers and identities to open accounts so that they could pay for ads on Facebook. PayPal spokesman Justin Higgs says the company has been working with investigators to identify and stop illegal activity.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Friday, the Justice Department’s special counsel announced the indictment of 13 Russians and three Russian companies for an alleged scheme to interfere with the 2016 U.S. presidential election and sow discord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Russian operatives, according to the indictment, began to track and study groups on social media sites four years ago. The operatives allegedly began tracking metrics of groups on Facebook, paying attention to details like the number of comments and responses. The employees hired to do the work were referred to as specialists, and were divided into day-shift and night-shift hours. They were instructed, according to the indictment, to make posts in accordance with the appropriate U.S. time zone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The indictment goes on to say the specialists were instructed to write about topics on social media sites like Twitter, Facebook and Instagram specifically related to U.S. foreign policy and economic issues. These posts were to create “political intensity through supporting radical groups, users dissatisfied with [the] social and economic situation and oppositional social movements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The operatives allegedly created hundreds of social media accounts and used them to create fictitious personas on social media sites, posing as everything from local Trump campaign supporters to Black Lives Matter activists. By 2016, the size of many of these groups, according to the indictment, had amassed hundreds of thousands of online followers.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Facebook’s Response\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Facebook has not responded directly to this indictment, but during the Senate Intelligence Committee hearing last fall, Facebook General Counsel Colin Stretch said they discovered fake accounts were used to place ads on its platforms. He went on to say that content reached millions of Americans over a two-year period. Moving forward, Stretch says they’re making changes, like adding more ad reviewers and security engineers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, Facebook Chief Security Officer Alex Stamos issued this statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“In light of the continued threat of interference in US elections, we have maintained regular contact with the FBI, Department of Homeland Security, and other agencies about how we can work together to protect the 2018 midterms from external attack. We are particularly encouraged by the FBI’s creation of a task force dedicated to addressing election interference and we are actively working with that newly-formed body.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>Twitter’s Response\u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>Twitter issued this statement Friday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem> “Russian efforts to disrupt the 2016 U.S. election, in part by abusing social media platforms, go against everything we at Twitter believe. Any activity of this kind is intolerable, and we all must do more to prevent it. Twitter continues to work with the Special Counsel’s Office and with Congress throughout their investigations, providing relevant information and cooperating through appropriate law enforcement channels. We are also continuing to be transparent with the public as our own review of the 2016 election has evolved.”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since fall, Twitter says it has notified more than a million users that they were potentially connected to a propaganda effort.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch4>\u003cstrong>PayPal Response \u003c/strong>\u003c/h4>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the indictment, the Russian operatives created fake Social Security numbers and identities to open accounts so that they could pay for ads on Facebook. PayPal spokesman Justin Higgs says the company has been working with investigators to identify and stop illegal activity.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>YouTube and Instagram are being asked to take down videos and photos at the center of a controversy involving a prominent Russian billionaire and a senior Russian government official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This follows a high-profile investigation \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQZr2NgKPiU#action=share\">into the men's relationship\u003c/a> by Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, the Russian federal communications oversight agency Roskomnadzor \"ordered YouTube to remove seven videos and ordered Instagram to take down 14 posts, all cited in the investigation,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/12/world/europe/russia-youtube-instagram-navalny.html\">according to The New York Times\u003c/a>. \"The companies were given three business days to block access to the content, or face investigation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That time has almost run out. Three days will have elapsed Wednesday evening, Russian local time, according \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/navalny/status/963695906624360448\">to Navalny\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navalny and his Anti-Corruption Foundation routinely publish investigations targeting corruption in companies and government in Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"lV4230JjmiqXTUbnWMCp9EE0CF26v181\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His latest offering is centered on Instagram posts and a book written by a woman who goes by Nastya Rybka, who talks about how she seeks to work as an escort for oligarchs. According to Navalny's video, Rybka's posts and book show that metals magnate Oleg Deripaska treated Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Prikhodko to a lavish weekend aboard his yacht in the days leading up to the 2016 U.S. election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navalny makes these claims about the August 2016 boat trip by triangulating Rybka's social media posts and book with geolocation and publicly available maritime and aviation records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deripaska has an \"unusually public persona\" for a Russian businessman, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/06/05/531588442/russian-businessman-with-ties-to-ex-trump-campaign-official-comes-under-scrutiny\">NPR's Brian Naylor has reported\u003c/a>. He's a Putin ally and also once had close ties to former Trump campaign manager Paul Manafort, though one of Deripaska's companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/11/577323314/paul-manafort-sued-by-russian-oligarchs-company-over-business-deal\">recently filed a lawsuit\u003c/a> against Manafort over a business deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A member of Navalny's team \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/oksana_baulina/status/963132270927339522\">posted a screen shot of a message\u003c/a> the team allegedly received from YouTube and Google, demanding that he take down one of the videos where he discusses the allegedly corrupt dealings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message, purportedly from YouTube's legal team, says that it received a claim from Roskomnadzor that the video violates a Russian law and has been blacklisted. \"If you do not remove the content, Google may be required to block it,\" the message states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"wNHZuC5bxmWXhBM0LFcd1KvB5hIH23K7\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>YouTube and Instagram did not immediately respond to NPR's requests for comment. \u003ca href=\"https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/world/don-t-cave-in-to-kremlin-navalny-tells-tech-giants-rn8jhwmhv\">Navalny is asking\u003c/a> that they do not accede to the government's demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roskomnadzor blacklisted the posts after Deripaska filed a lawsuit, prompting a court injunction demanding their removal, \u003ca href=\"https://themoscowtimes.com/news/google-warns-navalny-over-sex-graft-investigation-60484\">according to The Moscow Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> notes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The tactic may signal a more aggressive approach by the Russian government in its bid to rein in social media and video-sharing websites popular in the country. Since not all internet service providers in Russia are able to cut access to individual web pages, they may be forced to block YouTube and Instagram if the companies fail to comply with the Roskomnadzor order.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Navalny has suggested that he is being targeted due to his calls to boycott the 2018 presidential election, which he calls rigged for Putin. He wasn't allowed to run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm definitely not alone, and I'm not some kind of dissident,\" he said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2018/02/08/584369719/banned-from-election-putin-foe-navalny-pursues-politics-by-other-means\">in a recent interview\u003c/a> with NPR's Lucian Kim. \"If you take any of my anti-corruption investigations or any points from my political platform, I'm sure the majority of Russian citizens would support me — and that's why I wasn't allowed to run.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tech+Giants+Under+Pressure+Over+Russian+Opposition+Leader%27s+Posts&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>YouTube and Instagram are being asked to take down videos and photos at the center of a controversy involving a prominent Russian billionaire and a senior Russian government official.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This follows a high-profile investigation \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQZr2NgKPiU#action=share\">into the men's relationship\u003c/a> by Russian opposition leader Alexei Navalny.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, the Russian federal communications oversight agency Roskomnadzor \"ordered YouTube to remove seven videos and ordered Instagram to take down 14 posts, all cited in the investigation,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/02/12/world/europe/russia-youtube-instagram-navalny.html\">according to The New York Times\u003c/a>. \"The companies were given three business days to block access to the content, or face investigation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That time has almost run out. Three days will have elapsed Wednesday evening, Russian local time, according \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/navalny/status/963695906624360448\">to Navalny\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navalny and his Anti-Corruption Foundation routinely publish investigations targeting corruption in companies and government in Russia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His latest offering is centered on Instagram posts and a book written by a woman who goes by Nastya Rybka, who talks about how she seeks to work as an escort for oligarchs. According to Navalny's video, Rybka's posts and book show that metals magnate Oleg Deripaska treated Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Prikhodko to a lavish weekend aboard his yacht in the days leading up to the 2016 U.S. election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Navalny makes these claims about the August 2016 boat trip by triangulating Rybka's social media posts and book with geolocation and publicly available maritime and aviation records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deripaska has an \"unusually public persona\" for a Russian businessman, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/06/05/531588442/russian-businessman-with-ties-to-ex-trump-campaign-official-comes-under-scrutiny\">NPR's Brian Naylor has reported\u003c/a>. He's a Putin ally and also once had close ties to former Trump campaign manager Paul Manafort, though one of Deripaska's companies \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/11/577323314/paul-manafort-sued-by-russian-oligarchs-company-over-business-deal\">recently filed a lawsuit\u003c/a> against Manafort over a business deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A member of Navalny's team \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/oksana_baulina/status/963132270927339522\">posted a screen shot of a message\u003c/a> the team allegedly received from YouTube and Google, demanding that he take down one of the videos where he discusses the allegedly corrupt dealings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The message, purportedly from YouTube's legal team, says that it received a claim from Roskomnadzor that the video violates a Russian law and has been blacklisted. \"If you do not remove the content, Google may be required to block it,\" the message states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>YouTube and Instagram did not immediately respond to NPR's requests for comment. \u003ca href=\"https://www.thetimes.co.uk/edition/world/don-t-cave-in-to-kremlin-navalny-tells-tech-giants-rn8jhwmhv\">Navalny is asking\u003c/a> that they do not accede to the government's demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roskomnadzor blacklisted the posts after Deripaska filed a lawsuit, prompting a court injunction demanding their removal, \u003ca href=\"https://themoscowtimes.com/news/google-warns-navalny-over-sex-graft-investigation-60484\">according to The Moscow Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The New York Times\u003c/em> notes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The tactic may signal a more aggressive approach by the Russian government in its bid to rein in social media and video-sharing websites popular in the country. Since not all internet service providers in Russia are able to cut access to individual web pages, they may be forced to block YouTube and Instagram if the companies fail to comply with the Roskomnadzor order.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Navalny has suggested that he is being targeted due to his calls to boycott the 2018 presidential election, which he calls rigged for Putin. He wasn't allowed to run.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm definitely not alone, and I'm not some kind of dissident,\" he said \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2018/02/08/584369719/banned-from-election-putin-foe-navalny-pursues-politics-by-other-means\">in a recent interview\u003c/a> with NPR's Lucian Kim. \"If you take any of my anti-corruption investigations or any points from my political platform, I'm sure the majority of Russian citizens would support me — and that's why I wasn't allowed to run.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Tech+Giants+Under+Pressure+Over+Russian+Opposition+Leader%27s+Posts&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cp8SlAZhGbk&ab_channel=UCSanFrancisco%28UCSF%29\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let there be light -- in the battle against cancer cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stunning images above, captured using high-speed laser microscopy, shows a cancer cell isolated on a coverslip, trapped within \"walls\" of blue light. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists created this cage by inserting a light-sensitive protein from plants into the cell, so that any contact with the light caused the protein to come apart, and the cell's structural \"scaffolding\" (the white lines within the cell) to collapse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This makes it impossible for the cell to continue moving in the same direction. In response, the cell turns and tries a different route, with the same result. Thus, the cell is stopped dead in its tracks. The process of manipulating cells with light is called optogenetics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Photo-inactivation lets us turn proteins off and back on in living cells in real time, and do so with much more spatial accuracy than has been possible before,” said Torsten Wittmann, a UCSF professor who led the study on the technique.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the technique is not going to be used in people any time soon, disrupting this isolated cell's ability to migrate is teaching researchers about new ways they might prevent metastatic cancer from spreading in patients. The same process can also be used to study a host of functions in other types of cells, as well.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"disqusTitle": "Smartphone Detox: How to Power Down in a Wired World",
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"content": "\u003cp>If the Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov were alive today, what would he say about smartphones? He might not think of them as phones at all, but instead as remarkable tools for understanding how technology can manipulate our brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pavlov's own findings — from experiments he did more than a century ago, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html\">involving food, buzzers and slobbering dogs\u003c/a> — offer key insights into why our phones have become almost an extension of our bodies, modern researchers say. The findings also provide clues to how we can break our dependence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pavlov originally set off to study canine digestion. But one day, he noticed something peculiar while feeding his dogs. If he played a sound — like a metronome or buzzer — before mealtimes, eventually the sound started to have a special meaning for the animals. It meant food was coming! The dogs actually started drooling when they heard the sound, even if no food was around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing the buzzer had become pleasurable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's exactly what's happening with smartphones, says \u003ca href=\"http://virtual-addiction.com/about-us/\">David Greenfield\u003c/a>, a psychologist and assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Connecticut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we hear a ding or little ditty alerting us to a new text, email or Facebook post, cells in our brains likely release dopamine — one of the chemical transmitters in the brain's reward circuitry. That dopamine makes us feel pleasure, Greenfield says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That ping is telling us there is some type of reward there, waiting for us,\" Greenfield says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, that ping can become more powerful than the reward itself. Research on animals suggests dopamine levels in the brain can be twice as high when you anticipate the reward as when you actually receive it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, just hearing the notification can be more pleasurable than the text, email or tweet. \"Smartphone notifications have turned us all into Pavlov's dogs,\" Greenfield says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/584389201/585032374\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Signs You Might Need to Cut Back\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The average adult checks their phone 50 to 300 times each day, Greenfield says. And smartphones use psychological tricks that encourage our continued high usage — some of the same tricks slot machines use to hook gamblers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For example, every time you look at your phone, you don't know what you're going to find — how relevant or desirable a message is going to be,\" Greenfield says. \"So you keep checking it over and over again because every once in a while, there's something good there.\" (This is called \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/brain-wise/201311/use-unpredictable-rewards-keep-behavior-going\">a variable ratio schedule\u003c/a> of reinforcement. Animal studies suggest it makes dopamine skyrocket in the brain's reward circuitry and is possibly one reason people keep playing slot machines.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing number of doctors and psychologists are concerned about our relationship with the phone. There's a debate about what to call the problem. Some say \"disorder\" or \"problematic behavior.\" Others think over-reliance on a smartphone can become a behavioral addiction, like gambling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"njX7g8sD0QkrqXdJDULJSCLfksKplOSf\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a spectrum disorder,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/anna-lembke\">Dr. Anna Lembke\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist at Stanford University, who studies addiction. \"There are mild, moderate and extreme forms.\" And for many people, there's no problem at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this way, the phone is kind of like alcohol, Lembke says. Moderate alcohol consumption can be beneficial, for some people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can make an argument that a temperate amount of smartphone or screen use might be good for people,\" Lembke says. \"So I'm not saying, 'Everybody get rid of their smartphones because they're completely addictive.' But instead, let's be very thoughtful about how we're how we're using these devices, because we can use them in pathological ways.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Signs you might be experiencing problematic use, Lembke says, include these:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Interacting with the device keeps you up late or otherwise interferes with your sleep.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It reduces the time you have to be with friends or family.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It interferes with your ability to finish work or homework.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It causes you to be rude, even subconsciously. \"For instance,\" Lembke asks, \"are you in the middle of having a conversation with someone and just dropping down and scrolling through your phone?\" That's a bad sign.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It's squelching your creativity. \"I think that's really what people don't realize with their smartphone usage,\" Lembke says. \"It can really deprive you of a kind of seamless flow of creative thought that generates from your own brain.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Consider a Digital Detox One Day a Week\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.letitripple.org/about/tiffany-shlain/\">Tiffany Shlain\u003c/a>, a San Francisco Bay Area filmmaker, and her family power down all their devices every Friday evening, for a 24-hour period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's something we look forward to each week,\" Shlain says. She and her husband, \u003ca href=\"http://goldberg.berkeley.edu/\">Ken Goldberg\u003c/a>, a professor in the field of robotics at the University of California, Berkeley, are very tech savvy. But they find they need a break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"During the week, [we're] like an emotional pinball machine responding to all the external forces,\" Shlain says. The buzzes, beeps, emails, alerts and notifications never end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"CxusGEKMF5T7grXSkHBqSBiJdJgEJ0Lb\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shutting the smartphones off shuts out all those distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're making your time sacred again — reclaiming it,\" Shlain says. \"You stop all the noise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they started the digital break about nine years ago, which they call \"Tech Shabbat,\" Saturdays suddenly felt very different. The family's not religious, she says, but they love the Jewish Sabbath ritual of setting aside a day for rest or restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The days felt much longer, and we generally feel much more relaxed,\" says Goldberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their daughter, Odessa Shlain Goldberg, a ninth-grader, says the unplugging takes some of the pressure off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no FOMO — fear of missing out — or seeing what my friends are doing,\" Odessa says. \"It's a family day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teen says the perspective she gains from the digital power-down carries over into the rest of the week. For instance, she thinks differently about social media. She realizes the social media feeds often make other people's lives appear more exciting or glamorous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're sitting at home scrolling, you're not having that glamorous experience,\" she says. \"So it feels a little discouraging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Smartphones Can Compound Teen Angst, But There's a Sweet Spot\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Odessa is definitely not alone in those observations. Social media can amplify the anxieties that come along with adolescence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent study of high school students, \u003ca href=\"http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-02758-001\">published\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Emotion\u003c/em>, found that too much time spent on digital devices is linked to lower self-esteem and a decrease in well-being. The survey asked teens how much time they spent — outside of schoolwork — on activities such as texting, gaming, searching the internet or using social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"qFdcuTH84RQhsZDmgipLPSbDnCE4ZTOg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found teens who spend five or more hours a day online are twice as likely to say they're unhappy,\" compared to those who spend less time plugged in, explains the study's author, \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychology.sdsu.edu/people/jean-twenge/\">Jean Twenge\u003c/a>, a professor of psychology at San Diego State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenge's research suggests digital abstinence is not good either. Teens who have no access to screens or social media may feel shut out, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there may be a sweet spot. According to the survey data, \"the teens who spend a little time — an hour or two hours a day [on their devices] — those are actually the happiest teens,\" Twenge says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its best, technology connects us to new ideas and people. It makes the world smaller and opens up possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ability to connect with people across the world is one of the great benefits,\" Odessa believes. She says she's made some of her friends \"purely online.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to wrestle with it more,\" her mother says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology is not going away. Our lives are becoming more wired all the time. But Shlain and Odessa say taking a weekly break helps their whole family find a happy medium in dealing with their phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Smartphone+Detox%3A+How+To+Power+Down+In+A+Wired+World&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If the Russian psychologist Ivan Pavlov were alive today, what would he say about smartphones? He might not think of them as phones at all, but instead as remarkable tools for understanding how technology can manipulate our brains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pavlov's own findings — from experiments he did more than a century ago, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html\">involving food, buzzers and slobbering dogs\u003c/a> — offer key insights into why our phones have become almost an extension of our bodies, modern researchers say. The findings also provide clues to how we can break our dependence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pavlov originally set off to study canine digestion. But one day, he noticed something peculiar while feeding his dogs. If he played a sound — like a metronome or buzzer — before mealtimes, eventually the sound started to have a special meaning for the animals. It meant food was coming! The dogs actually started drooling when they heard the sound, even if no food was around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hearing the buzzer had become pleasurable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's exactly what's happening with smartphones, says \u003ca href=\"http://virtual-addiction.com/about-us/\">David Greenfield\u003c/a>, a psychologist and assistant clinical professor of psychiatry at the University of Connecticut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we hear a ding or little ditty alerting us to a new text, email or Facebook post, cells in our brains likely release dopamine — one of the chemical transmitters in the brain's reward circuitry. That dopamine makes us feel pleasure, Greenfield says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That ping is telling us there is some type of reward there, waiting for us,\" Greenfield says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over time, that ping can become more powerful than the reward itself. Research on animals suggests dopamine levels in the brain can be twice as high when you anticipate the reward as when you actually receive it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, just hearing the notification can be more pleasurable than the text, email or tweet. \"Smartphone notifications have turned us all into Pavlov's dogs,\" Greenfield says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/584389201/585032374\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Signs You Might Need to Cut Back\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The average adult checks their phone 50 to 300 times each day, Greenfield says. And smartphones use psychological tricks that encourage our continued high usage — some of the same tricks slot machines use to hook gamblers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For example, every time you look at your phone, you don't know what you're going to find — how relevant or desirable a message is going to be,\" Greenfield says. \"So you keep checking it over and over again because every once in a while, there's something good there.\" (This is called \u003ca href=\"https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/brain-wise/201311/use-unpredictable-rewards-keep-behavior-going\">a variable ratio schedule\u003c/a> of reinforcement. Animal studies suggest it makes dopamine skyrocket in the brain's reward circuitry and is possibly one reason people keep playing slot machines.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A growing number of doctors and psychologists are concerned about our relationship with the phone. There's a debate about what to call the problem. Some say \"disorder\" or \"problematic behavior.\" Others think over-reliance on a smartphone can become a behavioral addiction, like gambling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a spectrum disorder,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/anna-lembke\">Dr. Anna Lembke\u003c/a>, a psychiatrist at Stanford University, who studies addiction. \"There are mild, moderate and extreme forms.\" And for many people, there's no problem at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this way, the phone is kind of like alcohol, Lembke says. Moderate alcohol consumption can be beneficial, for some people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can make an argument that a temperate amount of smartphone or screen use might be good for people,\" Lembke says. \"So I'm not saying, 'Everybody get rid of their smartphones because they're completely addictive.' But instead, let's be very thoughtful about how we're how we're using these devices, because we can use them in pathological ways.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Signs you might be experiencing problematic use, Lembke says, include these:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Interacting with the device keeps you up late or otherwise interferes with your sleep.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It reduces the time you have to be with friends or family.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It interferes with your ability to finish work or homework.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It causes you to be rude, even subconsciously. \"For instance,\" Lembke asks, \"are you in the middle of having a conversation with someone and just dropping down and scrolling through your phone?\" That's a bad sign.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It's squelching your creativity. \"I think that's really what people don't realize with their smartphone usage,\" Lembke says. \"It can really deprive you of a kind of seamless flow of creative thought that generates from your own brain.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Consider a Digital Detox One Day a Week\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.letitripple.org/about/tiffany-shlain/\">Tiffany Shlain\u003c/a>, a San Francisco Bay Area filmmaker, and her family power down all their devices every Friday evening, for a 24-hour period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's something we look forward to each week,\" Shlain says. She and her husband, \u003ca href=\"http://goldberg.berkeley.edu/\">Ken Goldberg\u003c/a>, a professor in the field of robotics at the University of California, Berkeley, are very tech savvy. But they find they need a break.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"During the week, [we're] like an emotional pinball machine responding to all the external forces,\" Shlain says. The buzzes, beeps, emails, alerts and notifications never end.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shutting the smartphones off shuts out all those distractions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're making your time sacred again — reclaiming it,\" Shlain says. \"You stop all the noise.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When they started the digital break about nine years ago, which they call \"Tech Shabbat,\" Saturdays suddenly felt very different. The family's not religious, she says, but they love the Jewish Sabbath ritual of setting aside a day for rest or restoration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The days felt much longer, and we generally feel much more relaxed,\" says Goldberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their daughter, Odessa Shlain Goldberg, a ninth-grader, says the unplugging takes some of the pressure off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's no FOMO — fear of missing out — or seeing what my friends are doing,\" Odessa says. \"It's a family day.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The teen says the perspective she gains from the digital power-down carries over into the rest of the week. For instance, she thinks differently about social media. She realizes the social media feeds often make other people's lives appear more exciting or glamorous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're sitting at home scrolling, you're not having that glamorous experience,\" she says. \"So it feels a little discouraging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Smartphones Can Compound Teen Angst, But There's a Sweet Spot\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Odessa is definitely not alone in those observations. Social media can amplify the anxieties that come along with adolescence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent study of high school students, \u003ca href=\"http://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-02758-001\">published\u003c/a> in the journal \u003cem>Emotion\u003c/em>, found that too much time spent on digital devices is linked to lower self-esteem and a decrease in well-being. The survey asked teens how much time they spent — outside of schoolwork — on activities such as texting, gaming, searching the internet or using social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We found teens who spend five or more hours a day online are twice as likely to say they're unhappy,\" compared to those who spend less time plugged in, explains the study's author, \u003ca href=\"http://www.psychology.sdsu.edu/people/jean-twenge/\">Jean Twenge\u003c/a>, a professor of psychology at San Diego State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenge's research suggests digital abstinence is not good either. Teens who have no access to screens or social media may feel shut out, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there may be a sweet spot. According to the survey data, \"the teens who spend a little time — an hour or two hours a day [on their devices] — those are actually the happiest teens,\" Twenge says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At its best, technology connects us to new ideas and people. It makes the world smaller and opens up possibilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The ability to connect with people across the world is one of the great benefits,\" Odessa believes. She says she's made some of her friends \"purely online.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to wrestle with it more,\" her mother says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Technology is not going away. Our lives are becoming more wired all the time. But Shlain and Odessa say taking a weekly break helps their whole family find a happy medium in dealing with their phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Smartphone+Detox%3A+How+To+Power+Down+In+A+Wired+World&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Concussions in Youth Sports\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pioneering forensic pathologist Dr. Bennet Omalu’s new book, \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Brain Damage in Contact Sports,\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> offers clear advice to parents who are wondering whether to allow their children to play full contact sports like football or lacrosse. Dr. Omalu pioneered understanding of degenerative brain disease in athletes who sustain multiple head injuries, and his fight to push the NFL to admit to the prevalence of traumatic brain injuries among former football players was chronicled in the movie \u003c/span>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Concussion\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>San Francisco Criminal Justice Fees\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">San Francisco may become the first city in the nation to eliminate the hefty fees that follow someone even after they’ve served their jail sentence. On Tuesday, Board of Supervisors President London Breed introduced legislation to roll back those fees, saying, “The fees create barriers to re-entry just when people are working to turn their lives around.” We hear from San Francisco Public Defender Jeff Adachi on why he supports this bill, his fight to reform the cash bail system in California and his endorsement of the four public defenders challenging Republican-appointed judges in the June election.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Nextdoor Co-founder Prakash Janakiraman\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Online platform Nextdoor allows neighbors to create private networks to share resources and swap information about their communities. Nextdoor co-founder Prakash Janakiraman talks about how he founded the company.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Advertising Hall of Fame\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Meet the woman behind “Strong Enough For a Man, But Made For a Woman.” Carol Williams is the creative force behind memorable ads for Secret deodorant, Pillsbury and the U.S. Army, to name a few. Last year she was the first African-American woman to be inducted into the Advertising Hall of Fame. We talk with her about how she has changed the way products are marketed to diverse audiences.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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