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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Uber has reached a settlement valued at $245 million with Google's self-driving car subsidiary, Waymo, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/05/583367084/battle-over-self-driving-cars-goes-to-court-in-case-between-googles-waymo-and-ub\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">major trade secrets trial\u003c/a> that began Monday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal District Judge William Alsup \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2018/2/9/16995254/waymo-uber-lawsuit-trial-settlement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">revealed news\u003c/a> of the settlement Friday morning in a San Francisco courtroom. The settlement caps a week of contentious proceedings, including \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-07/uber-s-kalanick-stands-up-to-google-at-trial-as-scrappy-underdog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">testimony\u003c/a> from embattled former Uber CEO Travis Kalanick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo, the company spun off from Google's self-driving project, had accused Uber of poaching its top self-driving car engineer, Anthony Levandowski, who had led Google's efforts on autonomous vehicles since 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo alleged that Levandowski downloaded over 14,000 files before leaving the company to found his own startup, which was bought less than a year later by Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives for both companies confirmed news of the settlement. A source at Uber familiar with the agreement said the ride-hailing company will provide Waymo with a 0.34 percent equity stake in Uber, which has been valued at $72 billion. That percentage would equal about $245 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo had originally requested $1 billion in cash to settle the suit, according to the source.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The settlement ends a potentially long and costly legal battle for Uber, which is looking to \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2017/11/09/uber-ceo-says-2019-is-the-target-for-ipo/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">go public\u003c/a> next year. The source says that while Uber may have to modify its Lidar technology -- the focus of the trade secrets dispute -- it will not be leaving the self-driving car business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are taking steps with Waymo to ensure our Lidar and software represents just our good work,\" Uber CEO Dara Khosrowshahi said in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.uber.com/newsroom/uber-waymo-settlement/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">statement posted Friday morning\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While I cannot erase the past, I can commit, on behalf of every Uber employee, that we will learn from it, and it will inform our actions going forward,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Twitter says it turned a profit for the \u003ca href=\"http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/AMDA-2F526X/5979111005x0x970887/F821AE20-8D83-4246-B8EC-E34A75D64C34/Q4_2017_Earnings_Press_Release.pdf\">first time last quarter\u003c/a>, sending its shares surging. As of midmorning Thursday \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/finance/stocks/overview/TWTR.N\">its shares were up \u003c/a>nearly 23 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company attributes the strong financial results — $732 million revenue in quarter four — to an expanding character limit -- now 280 characters, rather than the previous 140. Twitter also made it easier to thread a series of tweets together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter's previous inability to turn a profit had confounded investors given the company's ubiquitous presence in the media and popularity among celebrities, athletes and politicians such as U.S. President Donald Trump,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-twitter-results/twitter-delivers-first-profit-shares-surge-25-percent-idUSKBN1FS1RL\">Reuters reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"uYOOPe7jFAlqmb2oULr2yB0tee3WwPCZ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is tempered by a loss of about 1 million monthly active users in the U.S. compared to last quarter. However, around the world Twitter has about 330 million monthly active users, an increase of 12 million compared to the last fiscal year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company attributes the U.S. user loss to \"seasonality\" and a change to the Safari web browser impacting its third-party app integrations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter's quarter four revenue of $732 million is a 2 percent increase from the previous year -- though total annual revenue decreased 3 percent to $2.4 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're pleased with our performance in 2017 and our return to revenue growth in the fourth quarter,\" Ned Segal, Twitter CFO, said in a press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/AMDA-2F526X/5979111005x0x970882/AF653BFB-8C4D-4D91-8F12-8867CDA665DB/Q4_2017_Shareholder_Letter.pdf\">In a letter to shareholders\u003c/a>, the company said it is seeing more engagement with advertisements because it is using more video and seeing higher click-through rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While investors appear to be immediately responding, \u003ca href=\"https://www.theverge.com/2018/2/8/16957354/twitter-q4-2017-earnings\">The Verge notes \u003c/a>the company's \"perpetual issue: getting people to understand and use Twitter.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter+Announces+A+Profit+For+The+First+Time&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>For nearly 35 years, tech investor Roger McNamee considered himself a technology optimist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the whole country got conditioned as I did to this notion that technology was a force for good that was always changing the world for the better,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McNamee’s thoughts began to change when he started seeing political memes on Facebook during the 2016 Democratic primary elections. “I realized, oh my gosh, the way Facebook works, it gives an advantage to negative campaigns, particularly ones based on fear and anger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McNamee was an early investor in Facebook and a mentor to founder Mark Zuckerberg. The thoughts he began to have about Facebook, and social media in general, were a revelation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that technology was a force for good until the most recent generation,” McNamee said. “I think what happened was that the combination of social networks with advertising business models created perverse incentives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McNamee says Facebook in particular gives bad actors direct access to billions of people. “It offers a personalized channel for more than 2 billion individual customers on a smartphone that’s available every waking moment of the day, made it possible to persuade people of things that they would not otherwise believe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11648449\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 594px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11648449 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/585562702.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"594\" height=\"437\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/585562702.jpg 594w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/585562702-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/585562702-240x177.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/585562702-375x276.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/585562702-520x383.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roger McNamee, co-founder and managing director of Elevations Partners LP, smiles during a Bloomberg West television interview in San Francisco on Aug. 2, 2016. \u003ccite>(David Paul Morris/Bloomberg via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>McNamee recently teamed up with former Google ethicist Tristan Harris, technologist Renée DiResta and several other former employees of Google and Facebook to create the \u003ca href=\"http://humanetech.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Humane Technology.\u003c/a> The purpose of the virtual center is to come up with ways to counter the adverse effects of technology consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, the center announced a partnership with the nonprofit media literacy group Common Sense Media to kick off a campaign called \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/kids-action/truth-about-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Truth About Tech.\u003c/a> The goal is to bring awareness to the health impacts of digital consumption for children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are still working like crazy to figure out the answers,” McNamee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the actions the group is taking include lobbying for legislation to curtail the power of big tech companies. One of the bills supported by the Center for Humane Technologies comes from California by Los Angeles Democratic state Sen. Bob Hertzberg, which would require \u003ca href=\"http://sd18.senate.ca.gov/news/212018-hertzberg-announces-legislation-encourage-social-media-transparency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">digital bots to be identified on social media sites.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As I look at all this I want to encourage Facebook to recognize that we as users know they didn’t intend to cause us harm, but they do owe their users an honest effort to fix the problems,” McNamee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to McNamee and the Center for Humane Technology, Antigone Davis, Facebook head of global safety policy, offered this statement: “Facebook is a valued part of many people’s lives. We take our responsibility seriously and we’ve already taken steps from our recent changes to News Feed to the parent controls we built into Messenger Kids — which is ads-free. Moving forward we’re committed to being part of the conversation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg announced the company’s big focus for 2018 is returning the platform to its original mission, to connect family and friends. Zuckerberg said users will see fewer posts from businesses, brands and media in order to encourage “meaningful interactions between people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media platform is also still a valued part of McNamee’s life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, I’m still on it. I still own the stock,” he said. “I mean, I’m as addicted as anybody to that product. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For nearly 35 years, tech investor Roger McNamee considered himself a technology optimist.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the whole country got conditioned as I did to this notion that technology was a force for good that was always changing the world for the better,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McNamee’s thoughts began to change when he started seeing political memes on Facebook during the 2016 Democratic primary elections. “I realized, oh my gosh, the way Facebook works, it gives an advantage to negative campaigns, particularly ones based on fear and anger.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McNamee was an early investor in Facebook and a mentor to founder Mark Zuckerberg. The thoughts he began to have about Facebook, and social media in general, were a revelation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that technology was a force for good until the most recent generation,” McNamee said. “I think what happened was that the combination of social networks with advertising business models created perverse incentives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McNamee says Facebook in particular gives bad actors direct access to billions of people. “It offers a personalized channel for more than 2 billion individual customers on a smartphone that’s available every waking moment of the day, made it possible to persuade people of things that they would not otherwise believe.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11648449\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 594px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11648449 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/585562702.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"594\" height=\"437\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/585562702.jpg 594w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/585562702-160x118.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/585562702-240x177.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/585562702-375x276.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/02/585562702-520x383.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 594px) 100vw, 594px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roger McNamee, co-founder and managing director of Elevations Partners LP, smiles during a Bloomberg West television interview in San Francisco on Aug. 2, 2016. \u003ccite>(David Paul Morris/Bloomberg via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>McNamee recently teamed up with former Google ethicist Tristan Harris, technologist Renée DiResta and several other former employees of Google and Facebook to create the \u003ca href=\"http://humanetech.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Center for Humane Technology.\u003c/a> The purpose of the virtual center is to come up with ways to counter the adverse effects of technology consumption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, the center announced a partnership with the nonprofit media literacy group Common Sense Media to kick off a campaign called \u003ca href=\"https://www.commonsensemedia.org/kids-action/truth-about-tech\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Truth About Tech.\u003c/a> The goal is to bring awareness to the health impacts of digital consumption for children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are still working like crazy to figure out the answers,” McNamee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the actions the group is taking include lobbying for legislation to curtail the power of big tech companies. One of the bills supported by the Center for Humane Technologies comes from California by Los Angeles Democratic state Sen. Bob Hertzberg, which would require \u003ca href=\"http://sd18.senate.ca.gov/news/212018-hertzberg-announces-legislation-encourage-social-media-transparency\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">digital bots to be identified on social media sites.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As I look at all this I want to encourage Facebook to recognize that we as users know they didn’t intend to cause us harm, but they do owe their users an honest effort to fix the problems,” McNamee said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to McNamee and the Center for Humane Technology, Antigone Davis, Facebook head of global safety policy, offered this statement: “Facebook is a valued part of many people’s lives. We take our responsibility seriously and we’ve already taken steps from our recent changes to News Feed to the parent controls we built into Messenger Kids — which is ads-free. Moving forward we’re committed to being part of the conversation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg announced the company’s big focus for 2018 is returning the platform to its original mission, to connect family and friends. Zuckerberg said users will see fewer posts from businesses, brands and media in order to encourage “meaningful interactions between people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social media platform is also still a valued part of McNamee’s life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes, I’m still on it. I still own the stock,” he said. “I mean, I’m as addicted as anybody to that product. It does so many good things, but I can also see this dark side.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McNamee said he believes challenging the very companies he and others have helped build is the first step in changing the tide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m really deeply committed to trying to help people recognize that we have an election coming this year, and as Americans we need to find a way to resist the toxic efforts of bad actors,” McNamee said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Robots are on Twitter, and people pay to have them as followers. That begs the question: What is the worth of a real, live human Twitter follower?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, the background on fake accounts. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/01/27/technology/social-media-bots.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A recent New York Times investigation\u003c/a> delved into how companies create and sell fabricated Twitter accounts, or bots. These bots are used to do things like automatically retweet posts and inflate people’s follower count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You don’t have to buy bots to get them as followers. Some are programmed to follow accounts, hoping to lure real people to follow them back. That makes the bot look more believable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some ways to sort through a feed to determine whether a follower is a real account or not. You could use a service like \u003ca href=\"https://www.twitteraudit.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter Audit\u003c/a> to run an analysis of a feed and find fake followers. Often fake accounts are fairly obvious to the naked eye. They may post random, spammy content or have incomplete profiles that lack a photo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All sorts of people have been found to buy fake followers: actors, athletes, even academics. There is both social and financial pressure to have high follower counts, said Jennie Lambert, a social media consultant. “Followers have basically been equated to notoriety,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Followers can be translated into profit. Celebrities with millions get paid to endorse products on their Twitter feeds. For a journalist, Lambert said having at least 100,000 followers or more could help land a book deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter is not alone when it comes to fake accounts and bots. They are on Facebook, Instagram and other social media platforms. And like on Twitter, people pay for these fake followers to boost their numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carly Severn is KQED’s social media strategist. “The idea of over-inflating or artificially inflating your own perceived influence is nothing new,” Severn said. “People have been doing that for decades, by placing stories about themselves in the paper and paying for people to come to their movie premiere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Severn said when it comes to social media, we shouldn’t focus so much on the numbers, but instead on how many people are actually interacting and what they are saying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Engagement is something we talk a lot about, and the word gets overused,” Severn said. “But at the end of the day, that’s human conversation.” And that, she said, is what should be valued on social media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ian Bogost is a professor of media studies at Georgia Tech, and he wrote \u003ca href=\"https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2018/01/all-followers-are-fake-followers/551789/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a piece for The Atlantic\u003c/a> questioning how much we value Twitter followers in general. Bogost said we are not being critical enough about what it means to have a follower, whether that follower is “real” or “fake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People assume when they have a follower on Twitter, that it’s not just a real human being,” Bogost said. “But that it is someone who is looking at them and listening to them and responding to them, and they can sell products or services to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news about fake followers is a reminder that all this is not always true. Bogost said he wishes the current furor over fake followers would make people realize that we are reading too much into the number of followers someone has or the likes a post receives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re trying to measure how important something is by counting the number of times people push a button,” Bogost said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said this is yet another example of how technology and capitalism are pushing us to reduce everything to a data point you can put a price on.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Robots are on Twitter, and people pay to have them as followers. That begs the question: What is the worth of a real, live human Twitter follower?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, the background on fake accounts. \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2018/01/27/technology/social-media-bots.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">A recent New York Times investigation\u003c/a> delved into how companies create and sell fabricated Twitter accounts, or bots. These bots are used to do things like automatically retweet posts and inflate people’s follower count.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You don’t have to buy bots to get them as followers. Some are programmed to follow accounts, hoping to lure real people to follow them back. That makes the bot look more believable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are some ways to sort through a feed to determine whether a follower is a real account or not. You could use a service like \u003ca href=\"https://www.twitteraudit.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter Audit\u003c/a> to run an analysis of a feed and find fake followers. Often fake accounts are fairly obvious to the naked eye. They may post random, spammy content or have incomplete profiles that lack a photo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All sorts of people have been found to buy fake followers: actors, athletes, even academics. There is both social and financial pressure to have high follower counts, said Jennie Lambert, a social media consultant. “Followers have basically been equated to notoriety,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Elon Musk's SpaceX \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fiorespacex\">successfully launched\u003c/a> the world's most powerful rocket into space, with a Tesla roadster along for the ride.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the three separate rocket boosters on the Falcon Heavy rocket landed back on the ground as planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fate of the \"center core\" booster rocket, which was supposed to land on a barge in the ocean, has not been reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SpaceX is currently livestreaming views from the orbiting spacecraft and convertible Tesla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aBr2kKAHN6M\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even though this may be the most elaborate car commercial ever, it's still pretty amazing.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"disqusTitle": "WATCH: SpaceX Successfully Launches Most Powerful Rocket in Decades",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1734&v=wbSwFU6tY1c\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 4:46 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The world's newest, most powerful rocket in decades has reached space. It took a few weather delays Tuesday, but the private space company SpaceX successfully launched its Falcon Heavy rocket from the \u003ca href=\"https://www.kennedyspacecenter.com/launches-and-events/events-calendar/2018/february/rocket-launch-spacex-falcon-heavy\">Kennedy Space Center\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watch the \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacex.com/webcast\">video of the launch\u003c/a> at the top of this page. (If you'd like to skip ahead to the very moment the rocket lifts off, you can find it about 29:50 into the video.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not long after the massive craft blasted off NASA's historic Launch Pad 39A, arcing a fiery path through the sky, its side boosters fell away. As the main rocket continued its journey into space, two of the boosters returned to Earth, landing successfully back on their designated pads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The center booster broke away from the rocket as well, though it remains unclear whether that landed successfully on a drone ship at sea as planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/SpaceX/status/960980119312453632\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"SpaceX lands its rockets so it can reuse them again,\" NPR's Nell Greenfieldboyce reports. \"That's how it's trying to make space flight cheaper.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Falcon Heavy is yet the latest example of that quest to make it much cheaper to get things into orbit. \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacex.com/about/capabilities\">According to the company\u003c/a>, it will cost just $90 million per launch, a fraction of the price of similar heavy-lift rockets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elon Musk, SpaceX's founder, has said the ultimate goal is to make humans an interplanetary species, by \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacex.com/mars\">creating a colony on Mars\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Falcon Heavy is a small step on that journey, but it is still a very large machine. Weighing in at over 1,500 tons, it can carry more stuff into space than any vehicle since the Saturn V rockets of the Apollo Era.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Onboard this flight is a car made by one of Musk's other companies, Tesla. The cherry red roadster — complete with a mannequin wearing a spacesuit, naturally — is heading into an elliptical Earth-Mars orbit. At a news conference Monday, Musk said three cameras mounted to the car should provide \"epic views.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/960992715579125760\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's just for fun — he didn't want it to be boring,\" Nell notes. \"Usually on a test flight, you put something on it, and so he figured, why not a car from his other company?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nell explained more about the rocket in\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/02/05/582464054/spacex-set-to-launch-worlds-most-powerful-rocket\"> her preview of the launch here\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH%3A+SpaceX+Successfully+Launches+Most+Powerful+Rocket+In+Decades&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"disqusTitle": "A Raucous Google-Uber Fight is Finally Heading to Trial",
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"content": "\u003cp>A Google-bred pioneer in self-driving cars and Uber's beleaguered ride-hailing service are colliding in a courtroom showdown revolving around allegations of deceit, betrayal, espionage and a high-tech heist that tore apart one-time allies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial opening Monday in San Francisco federal court comes nearly a year after Google spin-off Waymo sued Uber, accusing it of ripping off key pieces of its self-driving car technology in 2016. Uber paid $680 million for a startup run by Anthony Levandowski, one of the top engineers in a robotic vehicle project that Google began in 2009 and later spun out into Waymo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google was also an early investor in Uber, a relationship that later soured. Its parent company Alphabet also owns Waymo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo has drawn a sordid picture, contending that Levandowski heisted thousands of documents containing Google trade secrets before defecting to Uber. Waymo says Levandowski conspired with former Uber CEO Travis Kalanick to use the purloined technology in Uber's own fleet of self-driving cars. [contextly_sidebar id=\"C5xxGqW5dXIURiL24z2hXVvPtKcIHAes\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber has vehemently denied the allegations in the civil case, which has also triggered a criminal investigation by the U.S. Department of Justice. It's not clear whether that probe is focused on Uber or Levandowski, who has consistently exercised his right against self-incrimination and is expected to do so again if called to testify during the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levandowski's refusal to relinquish his Fifth Amendment rights eventually led Uber to fire him last May, even though he had developed a close relationship with Kalanick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes in the trial are huge. Waymo is demanding damages that its expert estimated at nearly $2 billion. It also wants a court order that would prevent Uber from using any of the technology that it says was stolen, a move that could hobble the ride-hailing service's push to design self-driving cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the biggest case in the history of Uber,\" William Carmody, a Uber lawyer, said during a pre-trial hearing last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The courtroom drama will feature an intriguing cast of characters. The list of expected witnesses includes both the combative Kalanick and Silicon Valley venture capitalist Bill Gurley, an early Uber backer who later helped engineer Kalanick's departure as Uber's CEO. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/21/uber-investors-force-ceo-travis-kalanick-to-quit-post/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">(Kalanick resigned under pressure last June.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the world's richest people, Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, also may testify about the importance of Waymo's self-driving project and Levandowski's role in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo and Uber will each only have a total of 16 hours to make their case. That time restraint could prove more daunting for Waymo. It will have to educate a 10-person jury about the intricacies of the eight trade secrets that Uber is accused of stealing, then prove the ride-hailing service used the technology in its vehicles or improperly shared it with others. [contextly_sidebar id=\"Jb3RheFgOdMlj5erRxPxjo249c0YUeW1\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit has already produced internal documents and sworn testimony that exposed spying programs and other shady tactics deployed by Uber to expand its business. Those disclosures have compounded the company's challenges as it tries to burnish a public image tarnished by the exposure of its own toxic behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, Uber has acknowledged allowing rampant sexual harassment to occur within its ranks, a yearlong cover-up of a major computer break-in and a $100,000 ransom paid to the hackers and the use of duplicitous software to thwart government regulators. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge William Alsup frequently admonished Uber for its conduct leading up to the trial. But he's also emphasized that Waymo faces the difficult challenge of proving that the ride-hailing service used stolen technology in its self-driving cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The central issue in this case remains whether or not Uber misappropriated Waymo's trade secrets, not whether or not Uber is an evil corporation,\" Alsup wrote in one of his final orders leading up to the trial.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Michael Liedtke\u003c/strong> \u003c/br>Associated Press",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A Google-bred pioneer in self-driving cars and Uber's beleaguered ride-hailing service are colliding in a courtroom showdown revolving around allegations of deceit, betrayal, espionage and a high-tech heist that tore apart one-time allies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trial opening Monday in San Francisco federal court comes nearly a year after Google spin-off Waymo sued Uber, accusing it of ripping off key pieces of its self-driving car technology in 2016. Uber paid $680 million for a startup run by Anthony Levandowski, one of the top engineers in a robotic vehicle project that Google began in 2009 and later spun out into Waymo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google was also an early investor in Uber, a relationship that later soured. Its parent company Alphabet also owns Waymo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo has drawn a sordid picture, contending that Levandowski heisted thousands of documents containing Google trade secrets before defecting to Uber. Waymo says Levandowski conspired with former Uber CEO Travis Kalanick to use the purloined technology in Uber's own fleet of self-driving cars. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber has vehemently denied the allegations in the civil case, which has also triggered a criminal investigation by the U.S. Department of Justice. It's not clear whether that probe is focused on Uber or Levandowski, who has consistently exercised his right against self-incrimination and is expected to do so again if called to testify during the trial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levandowski's refusal to relinquish his Fifth Amendment rights eventually led Uber to fire him last May, even though he had developed a close relationship with Kalanick.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stakes in the trial are huge. Waymo is demanding damages that its expert estimated at nearly $2 billion. It also wants a court order that would prevent Uber from using any of the technology that it says was stolen, a move that could hobble the ride-hailing service's push to design self-driving cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the biggest case in the history of Uber,\" William Carmody, a Uber lawyer, said during a pre-trial hearing last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The courtroom drama will feature an intriguing cast of characters. The list of expected witnesses includes both the combative Kalanick and Silicon Valley venture capitalist Bill Gurley, an early Uber backer who later helped engineer Kalanick's departure as Uber's CEO. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/21/uber-investors-force-ceo-travis-kalanick-to-quit-post/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">(Kalanick resigned under pressure last June.\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two of the world's richest people, Google co-founders Larry Page and Sergey Brin, also may testify about the importance of Waymo's self-driving project and Levandowski's role in it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo and Uber will each only have a total of 16 hours to make their case. That time restraint could prove more daunting for Waymo. It will have to educate a 10-person jury about the intricacies of the eight trade secrets that Uber is accused of stealing, then prove the ride-hailing service used the technology in its vehicles or improperly shared it with others. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit has already produced internal documents and sworn testimony that exposed spying programs and other shady tactics deployed by Uber to expand its business. Those disclosures have compounded the company's challenges as it tries to burnish a public image tarnished by the exposure of its own toxic behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, Uber has acknowledged allowing rampant sexual harassment to occur within its ranks, a yearlong cover-up of a major computer break-in and a $100,000 ransom paid to the hackers and the use of duplicitous software to thwart government regulators. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. District Judge William Alsup frequently admonished Uber for its conduct leading up to the trial. But he's also emphasized that Waymo faces the difficult challenge of proving that the ride-hailing service used stolen technology in its self-driving cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The central issue in this case remains whether or not Uber misappropriated Waymo's trade secrets, not whether or not Uber is an evil corporation,\" Alsup wrote in one of his final orders leading up to the trial.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Would You Drink Beer Made With GMO Yeast to Conserve Water?",
"title": "Would You Drink Beer Made With GMO Yeast to Conserve Water?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you are a beer drinker, it might surprise you to learn how much water goes into one pint of beer. About 11 gallons just for the hops alone.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But there’s a scientist named Charles Denby who wants to replace those hops with genetically engineered yeast. And he’s doing this because he wants to make beer more climate-friendly. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I'm really interested in making an impact on the process,” says Denby, “and if that means that we can cut out trillions of liters of water that’s used on hop agriculture every year, that’s really the pie-in-the-sky goal for me.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Denby wants to replace hops because the crop is vulnerable to climate change. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Most of the nation’s hops, and many of California’s hops, are grown in the Yakima Valley in the state of Washington. And\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/climate-and/climate-beer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that area is expected to have less water \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">because of higher temperatures and intense drought. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11615763\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11615763\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The UC Davis brewery where Charles Denby brewed the first batch of his GMO yeast. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The challenge for Denby is creating yeast that tastes hoppy enough. I met him at a brewery at UC Davis last summer to see his experiment in action. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The sound of heavy metal filled the room and steam hissed from silver machines. Denby yelled over the noise and explained that beer is made from water, barley, yeast and hops. But the four batches he was making that day wouldn’t include that last ingredient. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instead of hops, he added his GMO yeast to three large fermenters. As a control, he added generic yeast that he didn't genetically modify to the fourth fermenter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">His yeast is made with the genes from mint and basil plants. He combined these genes with yeast DNA, then mixed them with yeast cells. He’s hoping this process will lead to some interesting flavors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Before Denby started this research, he wasn't a big beer drinker. But after his friend gave him a home brewing kit a few years ago, he got into the science behind it. His interest in brewing, along with a \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ph.D. in molecular and cellular biology\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, led him to make a discovery. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was literally sitting in the bathtub reading this book about brewing science and I got to the section about hops. And they actually spelled out exactly what the molecules were for the primary determinants for hoppy flavor,” says Denby. “And I looked at the molecules and was like, ‘Oh my God.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Right now, he says he’s the only scientist using GMO yeast to make beer. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But getting that beer to market is tricky because GMOs carry some heavy baggage.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Monsanto have made GMO crops resistant to pesticides that kill weeds. But these pesticides lead to diversity loss and they also drift to nearby farms and kill non-GMO crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bill Freese, a science policy analyst at the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/about-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Center for Food Safety\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, says these weeds eventually develop a resistance to the pesticides, and so more toxic chemicals are needed. And the cycle continues.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11615765\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11615765\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Denby pours one of his GMO yeast solutions into a fermenter at the UC Davis brewery. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But Denby explains he isn’t in the business of making harmful chemicals.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I'll have friends and family say, ‘Oh I don't eat anything GMO,’ and I have to be very patient and just explain what the potential benefits are,” he says. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But his research still involves risk. There’s the fear his GMO yeast could escape and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/health/a10911/better-beer-from-genetically-engineered-yeast-16992861/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">alter yeast in the wild.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And then there is the regulation of GMO products. There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/files/freese_safetytestingandregulationofgeneticallyebgineeredfoods_nov212004_62269.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">no mandatory rules that say GMO products must be safe\u003c/a> to eat or drink. There’s only \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GEPlants/default.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a voluntary process\u003c/a> by which scientists test their GMO creations themselves and then ask the FDA if they approve the product as safe. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is a caveat. If a company doesn't submit for FDA approval and places their GMO product on the market, they would most likely face liability issues. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Denby made sure to submit his results last year and is waiting to hear from the FDA.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Freese\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/reports/2156/safety-testing-and-regulation-of-genetically-engineered-foods\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> says there should be more regulation,\u003c/a> scientific research conducted so far has not detected any significant hazards directly connected with the use of genetically engineered crops, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24041244\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to a 10 year review.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Denby says the benefits of his research outweigh the harms. “\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">My position on GMO products has definitely evolved. I'm very pro. Obviously, you want to make sure they don't have allergenic effects, but you can save a lot of resources,” he says. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the meantime, Denby wants to make \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sure his beer actually tastes good. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He reached out to Sonoma County's Lagunitas Brewing Co., and they set up a companywide taste test.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11615766\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11615766\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Denby fills out a questionnaire after tasting his beers for the first time in the Sensory Lab at the Lagunitas Brewing Co. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Denby brought the samples he brewed at UC Davis to the Sensory Lab at the brewery. I watched as Bryan Donaldson, the lab's innovation manager, led Denby through the process. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">First, Denby sat down in a private booth. Then, a blue light came on and a small door slid open. A woman on the other side handed him a tray with four samples of his beer -- three from his GMO yeast and the fourth from the control. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After the tasting, Denby pushed back his chair and breathed. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They actually tasted good. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I've been nervous all day, all week, and I feel like a pretty profound sense of relief,” said Denby. “I guess the next thing that I'm nervous about is, is it going to be [similarly] perceived by the general public or a group of expert tasters as well, or is it gonna be just in my mind?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But before leaving the lab, expert taster Bryan weighed in on the samples.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I got some fruit notes off a couple of them,\" he commented. \"One was straight-up Fruit Loops and then one was kinda orangey, like orange blossoms.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11615768\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11615768\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Denby talks about the flavors in his beer with Bryan Donaldson, the innovation manager at Lagunitas Brewing Co. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We headed to the company’s bar to try some other beers, and Denby told me his next step would be getting brewing companies to bottle his beer. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A few months later, I caught up with Denby to see if he got the taste testing results back. He told me the results were quite positive: two of his beers were hoppy enough for the judges.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Then he told me he had some exciting news. He received a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1722376&HistoricalAwards=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grant from the National Science Foundation.\u003c/a> He's starting his own brewery science company and wants to experiment with new flavors -- \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">like passion fruit, gooseberry or broom flower. He says that by using genetically engineered yeast instead of real hops, beer can taste like anything. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If you are a beer drinker, it might surprise you to learn how much water goes into one pint of beer. About 11 gallons just for the hops alone.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But there’s a scientist named Charles Denby who wants to replace those hops with genetically engineered yeast. And he’s doing this because he wants to make beer more climate-friendly. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I'm really interested in making an impact on the process,” says Denby, “and if that means that we can cut out trillions of liters of water that’s used on hop agriculture every year, that’s really the pie-in-the-sky goal for me.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Denby wants to replace hops because the crop is vulnerable to climate change. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Most of the nation’s hops, and many of California’s hops, are grown in the Yakima Valley in the state of Washington. And\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/climate-and/climate-beer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that area is expected to have less water \u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">because of higher temperatures and intense drought. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11615763\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11615763\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-1.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The UC Davis brewery where Charles Denby brewed the first batch of his GMO yeast. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The challenge for Denby is creating yeast that tastes hoppy enough. I met him at a brewery at UC Davis last summer to see his experiment in action. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The sound of heavy metal filled the room and steam hissed from silver machines. Denby yelled over the noise and explained that beer is made from water, barley, yeast and hops. But the four batches he was making that day wouldn’t include that last ingredient. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Instead of hops, he added his GMO yeast to three large fermenters. As a control, he added generic yeast that he didn't genetically modify to the fourth fermenter.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">His yeast is made with the genes from mint and basil plants. He combined these genes with yeast DNA, then mixed them with yeast cells. He’s hoping this process will lead to some interesting flavors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Before Denby started this research, he wasn't a big beer drinker. But after his friend gave him a home brewing kit a few years ago, he got into the science behind it. His interest in brewing, along with a \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ph.D. in molecular and cellular biology\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, led him to make a discovery. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was literally sitting in the bathtub reading this book about brewing science and I got to the section about hops. And they actually spelled out exactly what the molecules were for the primary determinants for hoppy flavor,” says Denby. “And I looked at the molecules and was like, ‘Oh my God.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Right now, he says he’s the only scientist using GMO yeast to make beer. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But getting that beer to market is tricky because GMOs carry some heavy baggage.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like Monsanto have made GMO crops resistant to pesticides that kill weeds. But these pesticides lead to diversity loss and they also drift to nearby farms and kill non-GMO crops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bill Freese, a science policy analyst at the \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/about-us\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Center for Food Safety\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">, says these weeds eventually develop a resistance to the pesticides, and so more toxic chemicals are needed. And the cycle continues.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11615765\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11615765\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-3.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Denby pours one of his GMO yeast solutions into a fermenter at the UC Davis brewery. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But Denby explains he isn’t in the business of making harmful chemicals.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I'll have friends and family say, ‘Oh I don't eat anything GMO,’ and I have to be very patient and just explain what the potential benefits are,” he says. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But his research still involves risk. There’s the fear his GMO yeast could escape and \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/health/a10911/better-beer-from-genetically-engineered-yeast-16992861/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">alter yeast in the wild.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">And then there is the regulation of GMO products. There are \u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/files/freese_safetytestingandregulationofgeneticallyebgineeredfoods_nov212004_62269.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">no mandatory rules that say GMO products must be safe\u003c/a> to eat or drink. There’s only \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GEPlants/default.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a voluntary process\u003c/a> by which scientists test their GMO creations themselves and then ask the FDA if they approve the product as safe. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is a caveat. If a company doesn't submit for FDA approval and places their GMO product on the market, they would most likely face liability issues. \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Denby made sure to submit his results last year and is waiting to hear from the FDA.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">While Freese\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.centerforfoodsafety.org/reports/2156/safety-testing-and-regulation-of-genetically-engineered-foods\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> says there should be more regulation,\u003c/a> scientific research conducted so far has not detected any significant hazards directly connected with the use of genetically engineered crops, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24041244\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">according to a 10 year review.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Denby says the benefits of his research outweigh the harms. “\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">My position on GMO products has definitely evolved. I'm very pro. Obviously, you want to make sure they don't have allergenic effects, but you can save a lot of resources,” he says. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the meantime, Denby wants to make \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">sure his beer actually tastes good. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">He reached out to Sonoma County's Lagunitas Brewing Co., and they set up a companywide taste test.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11615766\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11615766\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-4.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Charles Denby fills out a questionnaire after tasting his beers for the first time in the Sensory Lab at the Lagunitas Brewing Co. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Denby brought the samples he brewed at UC Davis to the Sensory Lab at the brewery. I watched as Bryan Donaldson, the lab's innovation manager, led Denby through the process. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">First, Denby sat down in a private booth. Then, a blue light came on and a small door slid open. A woman on the other side handed him a tray with four samples of his beer -- three from his GMO yeast and the fourth from the control. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">After the tasting, Denby pushed back his chair and breathed. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">They actually tasted good. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I've been nervous all day, all week, and I feel like a pretty profound sense of relief,” said Denby. “I guess the next thing that I'm nervous about is, is it going to be [similarly] perceived by the general public or a group of expert tasters as well, or is it gonna be just in my mind?”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">But before leaving the lab, expert taster Bryan weighed in on the samples.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I got some fruit notes off a couple of them,\" he commented. \"One was straight-up Fruit Loops and then one was kinda orangey, like orange blossoms.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11615768\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11615768\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-1180x786.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5-520x347.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/09/GMObeer-5.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Denby talks about the flavors in his beer with Bryan Donaldson, the innovation manager at Lagunitas Brewing Co. \u003ccite>(Sarah Craig)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">We headed to the company’s bar to try some other beers, and Denby told me his next step would be getting brewing companies to bottle his beer. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">A few months later, I caught up with Denby to see if he got the taste testing results back. He told me the results were quite positive: two of his beers were hoppy enough for the judges.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Then he told me he had some exciting news. He received a \u003ca href=\"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1722376&HistoricalAwards=false\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">grant from the National Science Foundation.\u003c/a> He's starting his own brewery science company and wants to experiment with new flavors -- \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">like passion fruit, gooseberry or broom flower. He says that by using genetically engineered yeast instead of real hops, beer can taste like anything. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "This App Tracks Crime, Emergencies Near You. But What About Privacy?",
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"headTitle": "This App Tracks Crime, Emergencies Near You. But What About Privacy? | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>You wake to the sound of sirens. Red and blue lights flash through your window shades. You fumble in the dark for your mobile phone; the screen shows it’s just after 3 a.m. After a few minutes of lying in bed, panic starts to set in. Should I get up and leave or stay put? Do I start the car or run to the neighbor’s house? In that moment you have no idea what to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s this type of scenario the smartphone app \u003ca href=\"http://www.citizen.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Citizen\u003c/a> is trying to address with its new crime tracker. The app debuted in San Francisco in September. Think of it as police scanner, neighborhood watch, Yelp and Twitter all rolled into one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you launch the app it brings up a city map. Your location is marked with a blue dot. Any emergency incidents unfolding across the city are represented as red dots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11642918\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11642918\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28924_Citizen-Map-3-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Citizen app's San Francisco crime map.\" width=\"640\" height=\"851\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28924_Citizen-Map-3-qut.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28924_Citizen-Map-3-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28924_Citizen-Map-3-qut-240x319.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28924_Citizen-Map-3-qut-375x499.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28924_Citizen-Map-3-qut-520x691.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Citizen’s interactive crime map displays recent incidents in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a recent morning in San Francisco, these red dot incidents included the following:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Three men fleeing in stolen Chevy\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Man carrying gun in waistband\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Coyote lunging at children, dogs\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Chihuahua hit by car\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Naked man near garbage can\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Tapping on a red dot brings up a timeline with updates like “Officers are on scene” or “Suspect wearing orange hoodie.” You can also set the app to alert you when an incident occurs within a quarter-mile of your location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hyperlocal, real-time source of everything that could affect your safety happening at that moment,” says Lea Artz, head of operations for Citizen. “So when you see sirens racing by, or you hear a helicopter flying by overhead, you’ll get an alert, and from there you can make a safe and informed decision about where you move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citizen says it has amassed roughly 250,000 users in San Francisco and New York, the other city where it provides service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company hires trained technicians to monitor emergency dispatch calls — the kind of call you’d hear from a police scanner — and translate them into plain English for users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of getting some police jargon and radio codes that probably don’t make sense to you, we’re giving you the information the way that you understand it the best,” Artz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each call, or incident, is then tagged with a location for mapping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artz says the idea is to give people the public safety information that’s out there because, for the most part, it’s inaccessible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Something that would affect the route you took to work or where you sent your kids at night [that] wasn’t public knowledge to you,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artz gives an example of an alert that Citizen sent to over 6,000 users in New York on Halloween, cautioning them to stay out of Lower Manhattan, where a man driving a pickup truck sped into a crowd of people, killing eight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another feature of the app allows users to livestream their own photos, videos and comments from the scene. The content might include videos of emergency crews arriving or locals texting about what they can see from their window. The company’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/citizenapp?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter feed\u003c/a> features some of the more urgent content generated from the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11642928\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11642928\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28926_IMG_1743-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"798\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28926_IMG_1743-qut.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28926_IMG_1743-qut-160x284.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28926_IMG_1743-qut-240x426.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28926_IMG_1743-qut-375x666.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28926_IMG_1743-qut-520x923.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Users share video and comments about a reported incident of a man who was shot in the leg near a BART station. (Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Artz, the company envisions that content created by users will help inform local newsrooms and law enforcement, in addition to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ultimate goal is to increase transparency,” Artz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some tech bloggers have raised \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/19/citizen-app-crime-sequoia-san-francisco-12-million-series-a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concerns\u003c/a> about the potential Citizen has to spread misinformation or violate the privacy of crime victims. Some critics also worry the app could encourage users to flock to the scene of an emergency instead of running for safety in the other direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/true-crime/wp/2016/11/04/vigilante-phone-app-alerts-new-york-users-to-crime-but-police-not-thrilled/?utm_term=.c7e1677596ab\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">backlash\u003c/a> stems from the app’s original name: Vigilante. The prototype debuted in New York in late 2016 but was pulled from app stores within weeks over safety concerns. It \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@Citizen_App/introducing-citizen-a8d2f3fabf03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">relaunched\u003c/a> last year as Citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@Citizen_App/introducing-citizen-a8d2f3fabf03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">company statement\u003c/a> said the app had refocused its mission on public safety. But some of the messaging portraying Citizen as a crimefighting app has persisted. A recent web ad depicts a fictional scene in which app users help police track a suspected kidnapper through the streets of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/234537138\" width=\"800\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD spokesman Officer Robert Rueca says a big concern is that the raw information the company is drawing from is fluid. He says information coming through police scanners is by nature incomplete and subject to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of times that calls are put out there, and it may appear to be one thing, but it ends up being something completely different,” Rueca says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Rueca, information about the location of an incident or the relative threat to public safety can change rapidly once police arrive on scene. A lot of the follow-up communication occurs on private channels like cellphones or in person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for scanner information, Rueca says, “it’s just the tip of the iceberg.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11647552\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11647552\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"One expert says a host of legal issues could arise if users take the app as a license to interfere with crime scenes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-800x518.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-1020x661.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-1180x765.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-960x622.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-240x156.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-375x243.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-520x337.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One expert says a host of legal issues could arise if users take the app as a license to interfere with crime scenes. \u003ccite>(Sean M. Haffey/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rueca cautions people against relying on a third-party app for decision-making about their personal safety. Instead, he advises they use official channels from police and fire departments, which have made efforts to push more safety alerts to the public via Twitter and Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Wheaton teaches journalism law at UC Berkeley and says there’s nothing legally stopping Citizen from sharing emergency communications that go out over public airwaves. The same goes for enabling users to post content from a crime scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The general rule is if you’re out in public and you are in a place that you have a perfect right to be, you’re allowed to take a photograph or video,” Wheaton says. “So you do have the right to record what is happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Wheaton, a host of legal issues could arise if users take the app as a license to interfere with crime scenes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would illustrate the worst possible outcome here, which is you take a bunch of untrained people and have them start acting as not just the eyes and ears, but suddenly the arm itself of the police,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s unclear, he says, is whether a video from the app could be used as probable cause for police in pursuing a suspect or making an arrest. There are also some questions about the use of app content as evidence in court and how the source of that content would be vetted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wheaton says the transparency an app like Citizen offers can be a good thing, given past instances of \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/06/sfpd-shootings-george-gascon/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">police misconduct\u003c/a>. But he warns users to “use common sense, don’t get in the way, and don’t push it too far.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Citizen has no official relationship with police departments, Artz says the company welcomes their input.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Citizen app is free for users in San Francisco and New York, and the company has plans to expand to other major cities in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You wake to the sound of sirens. Red and blue lights flash through your window shades. You fumble in the dark for your mobile phone; the screen shows it’s just after 3 a.m. After a few minutes of lying in bed, panic starts to set in. Should I get up and leave or stay put? Do I start the car or run to the neighbor’s house? In that moment you have no idea what to do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s this type of scenario the smartphone app \u003ca href=\"http://www.citizen.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Citizen\u003c/a> is trying to address with its new crime tracker. The app debuted in San Francisco in September. Think of it as police scanner, neighborhood watch, Yelp and Twitter all rolled into one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you launch the app it brings up a city map. Your location is marked with a blue dot. Any emergency incidents unfolding across the city are represented as red dots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11642918\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11642918\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28924_Citizen-Map-3-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Citizen app's San Francisco crime map.\" width=\"640\" height=\"851\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28924_Citizen-Map-3-qut.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28924_Citizen-Map-3-qut-160x213.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28924_Citizen-Map-3-qut-240x319.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28924_Citizen-Map-3-qut-375x499.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28924_Citizen-Map-3-qut-520x691.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Citizen’s interactive crime map displays recent incidents in San Francisco. \u003ccite>(Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On a recent morning in San Francisco, these red dot incidents included the following:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Three men fleeing in stolen Chevy\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Man carrying gun in waistband\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Coyote lunging at children, dogs\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Chihuahua hit by car\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Naked man near garbage can\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Tapping on a red dot brings up a timeline with updates like “Officers are on scene” or “Suspect wearing orange hoodie.” You can also set the app to alert you when an incident occurs within a quarter-mile of your location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a hyperlocal, real-time source of everything that could affect your safety happening at that moment,” says Lea Artz, head of operations for Citizen. “So when you see sirens racing by, or you hear a helicopter flying by overhead, you’ll get an alert, and from there you can make a safe and informed decision about where you move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Citizen says it has amassed roughly 250,000 users in San Francisco and New York, the other city where it provides service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company hires trained technicians to monitor emergency dispatch calls — the kind of call you’d hear from a police scanner — and translate them into plain English for users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Instead of getting some police jargon and radio codes that probably don’t make sense to you, we’re giving you the information the way that you understand it the best,” Artz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Each call, or incident, is then tagged with a location for mapping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artz says the idea is to give people the public safety information that’s out there because, for the most part, it’s inaccessible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Something that would affect the route you took to work or where you sent your kids at night [that] wasn’t public knowledge to you,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Artz gives an example of an alert that Citizen sent to over 6,000 users in New York on Halloween, cautioning them to stay out of Lower Manhattan, where a man driving a pickup truck sped into a crowd of people, killing eight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another feature of the app allows users to livestream their own photos, videos and comments from the scene. The content might include videos of emergency crews arriving or locals texting about what they can see from their window. The company’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/citizenapp?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter feed\u003c/a> features some of the more urgent content generated from the app.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11642928\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 450px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11642928\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28926_IMG_1743-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"798\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28926_IMG_1743-qut.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28926_IMG_1743-qut-160x284.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28926_IMG_1743-qut-240x426.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28926_IMG_1743-qut-375x666.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RS28926_IMG_1743-qut-520x923.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Users share video and comments about a reported incident of a man who was shot in the leg near a BART station. (Peter Arcuni/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>According to Artz, the company envisions that content created by users will help inform local newsrooms and law enforcement, in addition to the public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ultimate goal is to increase transparency,” Artz says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some tech bloggers have raised \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2017/09/19/citizen-app-crime-sequoia-san-francisco-12-million-series-a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">concerns\u003c/a> about the potential Citizen has to spread misinformation or violate the privacy of crime victims. Some critics also worry the app could encourage users to flock to the scene of an emergency instead of running for safety in the other direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/true-crime/wp/2016/11/04/vigilante-phone-app-alerts-new-york-users-to-crime-but-police-not-thrilled/?utm_term=.c7e1677596ab\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">backlash\u003c/a> stems from the app’s original name: Vigilante. The prototype debuted in New York in late 2016 but was pulled from app stores within weeks over safety concerns. It \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@Citizen_App/introducing-citizen-a8d2f3fabf03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">relaunched\u003c/a> last year as Citizen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/@Citizen_App/introducing-citizen-a8d2f3fabf03\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">company statement\u003c/a> said the app had refocused its mission on public safety. But some of the messaging portraying Citizen as a crimefighting app has persisted. A recent web ad depicts a fictional scene in which app users help police track a suspected kidnapper through the streets of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://player.vimeo.com/video/234537138\" width=\"800\" height=\"360\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFPD spokesman Officer Robert Rueca says a big concern is that the raw information the company is drawing from is fluid. He says information coming through police scanners is by nature incomplete and subject to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of times that calls are put out there, and it may appear to be one thing, but it ends up being something completely different,” Rueca says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Rueca, information about the location of an incident or the relative threat to public safety can change rapidly once police arrive on scene. A lot of the follow-up communication occurs on private channels like cellphones or in person.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for scanner information, Rueca says, “it’s just the tip of the iceberg.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11647552\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11647552\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"One expert says a host of legal issues could arise if users take the app as a license to interfere with crime scenes.\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-800x518.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-1020x661.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-1180x765.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-960x622.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-240x156.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-375x243.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/SBShootingPoliceLine-520x337.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One expert says a host of legal issues could arise if users take the app as a license to interfere with crime scenes. \u003ccite>(Sean M. Haffey/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rueca cautions people against relying on a third-party app for decision-making about their personal safety. Instead, he advises they use official channels from police and fire departments, which have made efforts to push more safety alerts to the public via Twitter and Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>James Wheaton teaches journalism law at UC Berkeley and says there’s nothing legally stopping Citizen from sharing emergency communications that go out over public airwaves. The same goes for enabling users to post content from a crime scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The general rule is if you’re out in public and you are in a place that you have a perfect right to be, you’re allowed to take a photograph or video,” Wheaton says. “So you do have the right to record what is happening.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But according to Wheaton, a host of legal issues could arise if users take the app as a license to interfere with crime scenes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That would illustrate the worst possible outcome here, which is you take a bunch of untrained people and have them start acting as not just the eyes and ears, but suddenly the arm itself of the police,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s unclear, he says, is whether a video from the app could be used as probable cause for police in pursuing a suspect or making an arrest. There are also some questions about the use of app content as evidence in court and how the source of that content would be vetted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Wheaton says the transparency an app like Citizen offers can be a good thing, given past instances of \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/06/sfpd-shootings-george-gascon/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">police misconduct\u003c/a>. But he warns users to “use common sense, don’t get in the way, and don’t push it too far.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Citizen has no official relationship with police departments, Artz says the company welcomes their input.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Citizen app is free for users in San Francisco and New York, and the company has plans to expand to other major cities in 2018.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "what-its-like-for-a-woman-to-be-targeted-by-an-online-mob",
"title": "What It's Like to Be Targeted by an Online Mob",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Zoë Quinn is a video game developer who was one of several women in the industry targeted by online harassment campaigns using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate_controversy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#Gamergate\u003c/a>. The harassment started after an ex-boyfriend published a disparaging blog post about Quinn, and as it spread online, her detractors multiplied, leading to the public posting of her address, the hacking of her internet accounts, and numerous rape and death threats. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This edited excerpt is from Quinn’s book “CRASH OVERRIDE: How Gamergate (Nearly) Destroyed My Life, and How We Can Win the Fight Against Online Hate,” published in September 2017 by PublicAffairs, an imprint of the Hachette Book Group. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘They were highly organized, discussing how to divide their ranks into specialized groups: one dedicated to getting me in legal trouble, one dedicated to turning all of my friends against me, and another dedicated to pushing me to kill myself.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As anyone who has ever expressed an opinion on the internet knows, it’s not all sunshine and rainbows. Every rose has its thorn, and every news story has its comments section. As the internet has graduated out of nerds’ basements and into the mainstream, its formerly separate communities have come in closer and closer contact. For years, the people who preferred hanging out in small subcultural message boards and interest-based communities stayed pretty isolated, but with the advent of social media, the people who wind up on “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Catch_a_Predator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">To Catch a Predator\u003c/a>” now have accounts on Twitter, Facebook et al., alongside your sweet grandma — assuming your grandmother hasn’t been caught trying to lure kids into a van.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you stick mainly to mainstream sites, you’ve probably seen glimpses of the internet’s underbelly in the notorious comments sections at the bottom of news articles. The article could be about a local man saving a box of kittens from a burning building, but no matter: The comments will accuse him of hating dogs, setting the building on fire in the first place, and secretly being Barack Obama’s Kenyan uncle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’ve probably wondered two things: Who are these people, and what the hell is going on here?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.crashoverridenetwork.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crash Override Network\u003c/a> — organization dedicated to fighting online abuse and providing assistance to victims, co-founded by Zoë Quinn. Includes automated \u003ca href=\"http://www.crashoverridenetwork.com/coach.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cybersecurity helper\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>My teenaged obsession with shock sites like \u003ca href=\"https://theoutline.com/post/2549/rotten-com-is-offline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rotten.com\u003c/a> started a lifelong hobby of spelunking through the weird pockets of the internet. This exploration taught me a lot (and, uh . . . showed me a lot) and exposed the fact that internet culture is essentially a magnificent patchwork of specific subcultures — good, bad and strange as hell. For every harmless community of users into really specific sexual kinks, there is a place like Bareback Exchange, a forum for people who get off on transmitting STDs to as many people as possible, often without consent. For every community of angsty kids who pretend they are secretly vampires, there are seven different forums of white nationalists who sincerely believe that Jewish people are secretly vampires. For every geeky and silly toy collector’s community, there are forums full of dudes collecting upskirt photos of random women and girls who had no idea they were about to become porn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-438546\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"352\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-160x243.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-240x365.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-375x570.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-520x790.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 352px) 100vw, 352px\">\u003c/a>Attempting to explain anonymous message-board culture to the uninitiated is a lot like trying to explain an inside joke — you can lay out the particulars, but it won’t carry the same weight or meaning. It’s complicated and difficult to parse, like most things about internet culture, but here’s a brief overview. Opened in 1999, a Japanese site called 2channel was the first board in this genre. An anonymous board where admins are virtually nonexistent, this site has enabled corporate whistleblowing as well as frank, open exchanges about taboo subjects like mental health and sexuality. Alongside these generally positive discussions, the boards are teeming with slander, hate speech, porn, nationalism, and general unchecked terribleness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2channel’s American counterpart is 4chan, an image board launched by a 15-year-old boy in 2003. Fourteen years later, 4chan is a hugely influential force on the internet: “the ground zero of Western web culture,” as one journalist put it. Most of the memes you see on social media were invented there — everything from \u003ca href=\"http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/lolcats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LOLCats\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/rickroll\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rickrolling\u003c/a>. It’s also a breeding ground for not-so-cute things, including a hoax hashtag with the goal of getting young girls to #CutForBieber, campaigns to troll the social media of dead teenagers, and murderers occasionally posting pictures of their victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Pretty much everything we’ve been told about dealing with online abuse is wrong, but the misconception that “trolls” will just go away if they’re ignored is possibly the most damaging.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Reddit has an even larger version of this problem, in both size and scope. Calling itself the “front page of the internet” and clocking in at 36 million user accounts, Reddit allows anyone to create a “subreddit,” a discussion area dedicated to any subculture or interest on its site. This model has allowed mentally ill people to find community without stigma, locals to exchange highly specific information about what’s good in their neighborhoods, and even President Obama to hop online and answer readers’ questions. But, like 4chan, it’s also been a hotbed for communities founded on hatred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reddit isn’t as anonymous as 4chan — users must create accounts and can be banned — but the site was created with a sort of free-speech absolutism in mind. Before it was shut down, the subreddit /r/Jailbait was a board for sharing sexualized pictures of underaged girls, and “jailbait” was the second-most-popular search term leading people to Reddit. Reddit users voted Jailbait the Best Subreddit of 2008, with double the number of votes received by the runner-up. It took six years and multiple public scandals to finally \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailydot.com/society/reddit-r-jailbait-shutdown-controversy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">close it\u003c/a>. Reddit has only recently started banning other repugnant subreddits, including hateful and blatantly racist forums, though many of them live on and new ones spring up constantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/10/04/zoe-quinn-on-gamergate-fighting-online-harassment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zoë Quinn on KQED Forum\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Poorly moderated anonymous communities can have the capricious morality of any mob. In 2009, when two videos featuring the physical abuse of a domestic cat named Dusty by a person calling himself “Timmy” were posted on YouTube, the 4chan community tracked down the originator of the videos and passed his details on to the local police department. The suspect was arrested, and the cat was treated by a veterinarian and taken to a safe place. This kind of “internet detectivery” has been banned from many traditional online forums outside 4chan. It’s invasive, it’s sometimes used simply to intimidate or harass people, and the mob is often wrong, with very real consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you consider how a tendency for vigilante action might manifest itself in a community founded on hating people together, you can see how the results might turn scary. Stormfront, a message board for white supremacists, was founded by former Ku Klux Klan leader Don Black in 1995 and had more than 300,000 users as of May 2015. Calling it “the Web’s first and best-known hate site,” the Southern Poverty Law Center’s March 2014 intelligence report stated, “Stormfront users have been disproportionately responsible for some of the most lethal hate crimes and mass killings since the site was put up in 1995. In the past five years alone, Stormfront members have murdered close to 100 people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This escalation from hate speech to real action isn’t unique to Stormfront’s user base. Before embarking on a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/05/26/amid-multiple-warning-signs-alleged-isla-vista-killer-slipped-through-system/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shooting spree\u003c/a> that killed six and injured 14, Elliot Rodger posted a video on several internet forums dedicated to hating women, discussing the deeply misogynist and racist motives for his rampage. He namechecked one of these sites in his manifesto, saying he had discovered “a forum full of men who are starved of sex, just like me.” The forum had “confirmed many of the theories I had about how wicked and degenerate women really are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438515\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/zoequinn-e1516148809366.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-438515\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/zoequinn-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zoe Quinn (right), with Anita Sarkeesian, also a #Gamergate target, were guest speakers at the introduction of a UN report called ‘\u003ca href=\"http://www.unwomen.org/~/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/library/publications/2015/cyber_violence_gender%20report.pdf?v=1&d=20150924T154259\">Cyber Violence Against Women and Girls: A World-Wide Wake-Up Call\u003c/a>.’ \u003ccite>(UN Women/Ryan Brown)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bad Advice\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s one piece of advice that most often gets passed around to anyone who experiences harassment or abuse on the internet: “Don’t feed the trolls.” This maxim is passed off as gospel and is applied across the board, whether you’re a kid getting into your very first Facebook argument or an experienced developer dealing with death threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This advice is wrong. Pretty much everything we’ve been told about dealing with online abuse is wrong, but the misconception that “trolls” will just go away if they’re ignored is possibly the most damaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of behavior is not just about terrorizing you; it’s about control. It’s about making you want to disappear, instilling fear and limiting your possibilities. It’s about punishing you for stepping out of line. It’s about isolating and hurting you in specific ways to provoke a reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Anyone to whom I had public ties began to receive nude photos of me and pressure to publicly denounce me or become their next target.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In my case, it became obvious that my attackers’ dream was to get me to stop “feeding the trolls” and shut up. They didn’t want to tease me; they wanted me gone. There were countless forms of harassment — the same channels that I had used to talk with friends, grow my business, and share weird videos were now full of threats, slurs, and all manner of nastiness. It escalated to include sexual or violent images with my face Photoshopped into them. My inbox started to fill up with pictures of women being raped. As strangers stalked through everything I had said or done online since I was 12, looking for more ammo, lies and conspiracy theories about me snowballed into weirder and more extreme accusations. These would then be blasted out widely, and also directly to my colleagues in games. Anyone to whom I had public ties began to receive nude photos of me and pressure to publicly denounce me or become their next target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tools of Abuse\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one thing to have a single person going after you with all of the above tactics; it’s something else entirely when a community forms around doing so. The networked nature of the internet doesn’t just make it easier for stalkers to find you; it also makes it easier for them to find each other. These tools of abuse serve both as an attack in and of themselves and as a rallying cry. They’re meant to be shared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you’re the target of abuse like this, you’re basically screwed. Not only does the scope of abuse that you face increase exponentially with every single signal boost from a new member of the mob, but all of the good things about the web’s ability to bring people together are turned against you. The same techniques that people have used to organize important grassroots movements can be used by people trying to destroy someone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”mlpZZdvOLAdS7bEg7MHbtPNH4WgpVTAX”]Attacking you becomes a participatory game in which people try to one-up each other in terms of who can get to you the most. In my case, I was struck by how many of the threats or disgusting remarks sent my way were made so publicly, usually while tagging other people. The ones that were especially vicious were rewarded with likes, shares, and people joining in on the abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This phenomenon is often referred to as “dogpiling.” The cool remix culture that facilitates the spread of fanart and memes suddenly becomes a powerful tool to hurt someone. Photos and videos of you are Photoshopped to label you a whore or to make you look uglier or fatter and then shared the same way cute pictures of cats are. Memes are easily co-opted by other people, who made reams of almost propaganda-like images with my face Photoshopped onto them. It wasn’t really about me anymore. The mob was engaging in a performative group activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of community building is quite deliberate and direct. As the 4chan threads kept growing in size and the mob gained momentum, I noticed that a chatroom had sprung up in the original posts. The chatroom participants worked as a team to try to discover personal information about everyone connected to me, referring to it as “digging” and sharing form letters and tactics on how to best alert anyone in my life that I was a horrible slut. They were highly organized, discussing how to divide their ranks into specialized groups: one dedicated to getting me in legal trouble, one dedicated to turning all of my friends against me, and another dedicated to pushing me to kill myself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They shared elaborate fantasies about raping and murdering me, discussing the pros and cons of each. They talked about how to break into all of my accounts to try to find more ways to invade my privacy. They bragged about victories like flooding my game’s page with hatred and nude photos of me and went so far as to create guides to share tactics on how best to ruin my life. They even orchestrated plans to donate to various charities specifically to make themselves look like concerned citizens and not a mob of people trying to get me killed. They built friendships and bonded with each other by reinforcing their dedication to the righteous cause of taking me down, reminding themselves at every turn that they were the good guys.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘For every harmless community of users into really specific sexual kinks, there is a place like Bareback Exchange, a forum for people who get off on transmitting STDs to as many people as possible.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A mob has more tools at its disposal than individual actors do. Popularity — the quantity of clicks or views on any given page — is tracked and exploited by algorithms online, and a mob is a critical mass. If thousands of people are linking to something about you, that will quickly become the first thing people see when they Google your name, regardless of whether it’s a fact-checked news article or a video about what a bitch you are. Many sites allow their user base to vote on what is good content and what’s garbage, and mobs manipulate these systems to their targets’ detriment. There are also services that direct people away from sketchy websites that contain viruses, and the mob had flooded such services with false reports to make my websites and social media accounts inaccessible. My cohorts and I call this “brigading” — when people manipulate online systems to force their target into silence or hurt the person. Mass false reporting is a common tool to try to make the legitimate sites belonging to targets of online abuse vanish, as many systems are automated to react to a large volume of reports. Law enforcement agencies and government bodies like the IRS have online reporting systems that can also be manipulated this way by a mob.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a game designer, I can spot a game being played. And the more people who join in on the “fun,” the faster you become an abstract concept for your aggressors to hate. This might sound sort of comforting or like a way to defang the attacks, but in reality, it’s the opposite — this “game” is another way that you are dehumanized, and it makes it easier for a mob to grow its ranks and escalate its attacks. You’re just data, and data doesn’t bleed. You’re a symbol, and hating you can become part of someone’s identity, just as any other hobby might. Just as they would in a game, they are always trying to make their numbers go up. And plenty of the witch hunters advance from amateur to professional.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Zoë Quinn is a video game developer who was one of several women in the industry targeted by online harassment campaigns using the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate_controversy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">#Gamergate\u003c/a>. The harassment started after an ex-boyfriend published a disparaging blog post about Quinn, and as it spread online, her detractors multiplied, leading to the public posting of her address, the hacking of her internet accounts, and numerous rape and death threats. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This edited excerpt is from Quinn’s book “CRASH OVERRIDE: How Gamergate (Nearly) Destroyed My Life, and How We Can Win the Fight Against Online Hate,” published in September 2017 by PublicAffairs, an imprint of the Hachette Book Group. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘They were highly organized, discussing how to divide their ranks into specialized groups: one dedicated to getting me in legal trouble, one dedicated to turning all of my friends against me, and another dedicated to pushing me to kill myself.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As anyone who has ever expressed an opinion on the internet knows, it’s not all sunshine and rainbows. Every rose has its thorn, and every news story has its comments section. As the internet has graduated out of nerds’ basements and into the mainstream, its formerly separate communities have come in closer and closer contact. For years, the people who preferred hanging out in small subcultural message boards and interest-based communities stayed pretty isolated, but with the advent of social media, the people who wind up on “\u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Catch_a_Predator\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">To Catch a Predator\u003c/a>” now have accounts on Twitter, Facebook et al., alongside your sweet grandma — assuming your grandmother hasn’t been caught trying to lure kids into a van.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if you stick mainly to mainstream sites, you’ve probably seen glimpses of the internet’s underbelly in the notorious comments sections at the bottom of news articles. The article could be about a local man saving a box of kittens from a burning building, but no matter: The comments will accuse him of hating dogs, setting the building on fire in the first place, and secretly being Barack Obama’s Kenyan uncle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You’ve probably wondered two things: Who are these people, and what the hell is going on here?\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.crashoverridenetwork.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Crash Override Network\u003c/a> — organization dedicated to fighting online abuse and providing assistance to victims, co-founded by Zoë Quinn. Includes automated \u003ca href=\"http://www.crashoverridenetwork.com/coach.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cybersecurity helper\u003c/a>.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>My teenaged obsession with shock sites like \u003ca href=\"https://theoutline.com/post/2549/rotten-com-is-offline\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rotten.com\u003c/a> started a lifelong hobby of spelunking through the weird pockets of the internet. This exploration taught me a lot (and, uh . . . showed me a lot) and exposed the fact that internet culture is essentially a magnificent patchwork of specific subcultures — good, bad and strange as hell. For every harmless community of users into really specific sexual kinks, there is a place like Bareback Exchange, a forum for people who get off on transmitting STDs to as many people as possible, often without consent. For every community of angsty kids who pretend they are secretly vampires, there are seven different forums of white nationalists who sincerely believe that Jewish people are secretly vampires. For every geeky and silly toy collector’s community, there are forums full of dudes collecting upskirt photos of random women and girls who had no idea they were about to become porn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-438546\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"352\" height=\"535\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover.png 750w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-160x243.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-240x365.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-375x570.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/crashcover-520x790.png 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 352px) 100vw, 352px\">\u003c/a>Attempting to explain anonymous message-board culture to the uninitiated is a lot like trying to explain an inside joke — you can lay out the particulars, but it won’t carry the same weight or meaning. It’s complicated and difficult to parse, like most things about internet culture, but here’s a brief overview. Opened in 1999, a Japanese site called 2channel was the first board in this genre. An anonymous board where admins are virtually nonexistent, this site has enabled corporate whistleblowing as well as frank, open exchanges about taboo subjects like mental health and sexuality. Alongside these generally positive discussions, the boards are teeming with slander, hate speech, porn, nationalism, and general unchecked terribleness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2channel’s American counterpart is 4chan, an image board launched by a 15-year-old boy in 2003. Fourteen years later, 4chan is a hugely influential force on the internet: “the ground zero of Western web culture,” as one journalist put it. Most of the memes you see on social media were invented there — everything from \u003ca href=\"http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/lolcats\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LOLCats\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"http://knowyourmeme.com/memes/rickroll\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rickrolling\u003c/a>. It’s also a breeding ground for not-so-cute things, including a hoax hashtag with the goal of getting young girls to #CutForBieber, campaigns to troll the social media of dead teenagers, and murderers occasionally posting pictures of their victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Pretty much everything we’ve been told about dealing with online abuse is wrong, but the misconception that “trolls” will just go away if they’re ignored is possibly the most damaging.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Reddit has an even larger version of this problem, in both size and scope. Calling itself the “front page of the internet” and clocking in at 36 million user accounts, Reddit allows anyone to create a “subreddit,” a discussion area dedicated to any subculture or interest on its site. This model has allowed mentally ill people to find community without stigma, locals to exchange highly specific information about what’s good in their neighborhoods, and even President Obama to hop online and answer readers’ questions. But, like 4chan, it’s also been a hotbed for communities founded on hatred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reddit isn’t as anonymous as 4chan — users must create accounts and can be banned — but the site was created with a sort of free-speech absolutism in mind. Before it was shut down, the subreddit /r/Jailbait was a board for sharing sexualized pictures of underaged girls, and “jailbait” was the second-most-popular search term leading people to Reddit. Reddit users voted Jailbait the Best Subreddit of 2008, with double the number of votes received by the runner-up. It took six years and multiple public scandals to finally \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailydot.com/society/reddit-r-jailbait-shutdown-controversy/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">close it\u003c/a>. Reddit has only recently started banning other repugnant subreddits, including hateful and blatantly racist forums, though many of them live on and new ones spring up constantly.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/10/04/zoe-quinn-on-gamergate-fighting-online-harassment/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Zoë Quinn on KQED Forum\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Poorly moderated anonymous communities can have the capricious morality of any mob. In 2009, when two videos featuring the physical abuse of a domestic cat named Dusty by a person calling himself “Timmy” were posted on YouTube, the 4chan community tracked down the originator of the videos and passed his details on to the local police department. The suspect was arrested, and the cat was treated by a veterinarian and taken to a safe place. This kind of “internet detectivery” has been banned from many traditional online forums outside 4chan. It’s invasive, it’s sometimes used simply to intimidate or harass people, and the mob is often wrong, with very real consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you consider how a tendency for vigilante action might manifest itself in a community founded on hating people together, you can see how the results might turn scary. Stormfront, a message board for white supremacists, was founded by former Ku Klux Klan leader Don Black in 1995 and had more than 300,000 users as of May 2015. Calling it “the Web’s first and best-known hate site,” the Southern Poverty Law Center’s March 2014 intelligence report stated, “Stormfront users have been disproportionately responsible for some of the most lethal hate crimes and mass killings since the site was put up in 1995. In the past five years alone, Stormfront members have murdered close to 100 people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This escalation from hate speech to real action isn’t unique to Stormfront’s user base. Before embarking on a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/05/26/amid-multiple-warning-signs-alleged-isla-vista-killer-slipped-through-system/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">shooting spree\u003c/a> that killed six and injured 14, Elliot Rodger posted a video on several internet forums dedicated to hating women, discussing the deeply misogynist and racist motives for his rampage. He namechecked one of these sites in his manifesto, saying he had discovered “a forum full of men who are starved of sex, just like me.” The forum had “confirmed many of the theories I had about how wicked and degenerate women really are.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_438515\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/zoequinn-e1516148809366.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-438515\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2019/12/zoequinn-1020x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Zoe Quinn (right), with Anita Sarkeesian, also a #Gamergate target, were guest speakers at the introduction of a UN report called ‘\u003ca href=\"http://www.unwomen.org/~/media/headquarters/attachments/sections/library/publications/2015/cyber_violence_gender%20report.pdf?v=1&d=20150924T154259\">Cyber Violence Against Women and Girls: A World-Wide Wake-Up Call\u003c/a>.’ \u003ccite>(UN Women/Ryan Brown)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bad Advice\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s one piece of advice that most often gets passed around to anyone who experiences harassment or abuse on the internet: “Don’t feed the trolls.” This maxim is passed off as gospel and is applied across the board, whether you’re a kid getting into your very first Facebook argument or an experienced developer dealing with death threats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This advice is wrong. Pretty much everything we’ve been told about dealing with online abuse is wrong, but the misconception that “trolls” will just go away if they’re ignored is possibly the most damaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This kind of behavior is not just about terrorizing you; it’s about control. It’s about making you want to disappear, instilling fear and limiting your possibilities. It’s about punishing you for stepping out of line. It’s about isolating and hurting you in specific ways to provoke a reaction.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Anyone to whom I had public ties began to receive nude photos of me and pressure to publicly denounce me or become their next target.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In my case, it became obvious that my attackers’ dream was to get me to stop “feeding the trolls” and shut up. They didn’t want to tease me; they wanted me gone. There were countless forms of harassment — the same channels that I had used to talk with friends, grow my business, and share weird videos were now full of threats, slurs, and all manner of nastiness. It escalated to include sexual or violent images with my face Photoshopped into them. My inbox started to fill up with pictures of women being raped. As strangers stalked through everything I had said or done online since I was 12, looking for more ammo, lies and conspiracy theories about me snowballed into weirder and more extreme accusations. These would then be blasted out widely, and also directly to my colleagues in games. Anyone to whom I had public ties began to receive nude photos of me and pressure to publicly denounce me or become their next target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tools of Abuse\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one thing to have a single person going after you with all of the above tactics; it’s something else entirely when a community forms around doing so. The networked nature of the internet doesn’t just make it easier for stalkers to find you; it also makes it easier for them to find each other. These tools of abuse serve both as an attack in and of themselves and as a rallying cry. They’re meant to be shared.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When you’re the target of abuse like this, you’re basically screwed. Not only does the scope of abuse that you face increase exponentially with every single signal boost from a new member of the mob, but all of the good things about the web’s ability to bring people together are turned against you. The same techniques that people have used to organize important grassroots movements can be used by people trying to destroy someone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>Attacking you becomes a participatory game in which people try to one-up each other in terms of who can get to you the most. In my case, I was struck by how many of the threats or disgusting remarks sent my way were made so publicly, usually while tagging other people. The ones that were especially vicious were rewarded with likes, shares, and people joining in on the abuse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This phenomenon is often referred to as “dogpiling.” The cool remix culture that facilitates the spread of fanart and memes suddenly becomes a powerful tool to hurt someone. Photos and videos of you are Photoshopped to label you a whore or to make you look uglier or fatter and then shared the same way cute pictures of cats are. Memes are easily co-opted by other people, who made reams of almost propaganda-like images with my face Photoshopped onto them. It wasn’t really about me anymore. The mob was engaging in a performative group activity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This type of community building is quite deliberate and direct. As the 4chan threads kept growing in size and the mob gained momentum, I noticed that a chatroom had sprung up in the original posts. The chatroom participants worked as a team to try to discover personal information about everyone connected to me, referring to it as “digging” and sharing form letters and tactics on how to best alert anyone in my life that I was a horrible slut. They were highly organized, discussing how to divide their ranks into specialized groups: one dedicated to getting me in legal trouble, one dedicated to turning all of my friends against me, and another dedicated to pushing me to kill myself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They shared elaborate fantasies about raping and murdering me, discussing the pros and cons of each. They talked about how to break into all of my accounts to try to find more ways to invade my privacy. They bragged about victories like flooding my game’s page with hatred and nude photos of me and went so far as to create guides to share tactics on how best to ruin my life. They even orchestrated plans to donate to various charities specifically to make themselves look like concerned citizens and not a mob of people trying to get me killed. They built friendships and bonded with each other by reinforcing their dedication to the righteous cause of taking me down, reminding themselves at every turn that they were the good guys.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘For every harmless community of users into really specific sexual kinks, there is a place like Bareback Exchange, a forum for people who get off on transmitting STDs to as many people as possible.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>A mob has more tools at its disposal than individual actors do. Popularity — the quantity of clicks or views on any given page — is tracked and exploited by algorithms online, and a mob is a critical mass. If thousands of people are linking to something about you, that will quickly become the first thing people see when they Google your name, regardless of whether it’s a fact-checked news article or a video about what a bitch you are. Many sites allow their user base to vote on what is good content and what’s garbage, and mobs manipulate these systems to their targets’ detriment. There are also services that direct people away from sketchy websites that contain viruses, and the mob had flooded such services with false reports to make my websites and social media accounts inaccessible. My cohorts and I call this “brigading” — when people manipulate online systems to force their target into silence or hurt the person. Mass false reporting is a common tool to try to make the legitimate sites belonging to targets of online abuse vanish, as many systems are automated to react to a large volume of reports. Law enforcement agencies and government bodies like the IRS have online reporting systems that can also be manipulated this way by a mob.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a game designer, I can spot a game being played. And the more people who join in on the “fun,” the faster you become an abstract concept for your aggressors to hate. This might sound sort of comforting or like a way to defang the attacks, but in reality, it’s the opposite — this “game” is another way that you are dehumanized, and it makes it easier for a mob to grow its ranks and escalate its attacks. You’re just data, and data doesn’t bleed. You’re a symbol, and hating you can become part of someone’s identity, just as any other hobby might. Just as they would in a game, they are always trying to make their numbers go up. And plenty of the witch hunters advance from amateur to professional.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Expanding broadband internet access to low-income communities has been a priority for San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo for some time now. So it came as a surprise in late January when he \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/25/san-jose-mayor-liccardo-resigns-from-fcc-broadband-advisory-board/\">quit\u003c/a> a Federal Communications Commission committee charged with improving access nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s apparent that ultimately the FCC is in the industry’s pocket and has no intention of doing anything to expand digital access,” Liccardo said shortly after the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the internet is a driving force behind life in the Bay Area, for many low-income families in East San Jose, it’s still not easy to get online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get an idea of what this problem looks like, Gabriel Hernandez takes me for a walk through a neighborhood in East San Jose. Hernandez works for Somos Mayfair, a social service nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guarantee if we went down this street, you’d probably find maybe five houses that have a computer in the house,” Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the residents in this neighborhood are Latino and working class. Hernandez says that for those he works with, it’s hard to think about paying for the internet when they’re in survival mode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Families have to make those choices. Do I eat? Do I pay rent? Or do I pay the phone?” Hernandez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luiz Mendoza, 51, lives in this neighborhood, in a rented room with four of her children. She fled a domestic violence situation and is raising all of her kids on a salary she earns as a child care worker. The family shares two cellphones — they don’t have a computer. This is a major pain for Mendoza’s 15-year-old daughter, Annette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes I need homework in email and sometimes I can’t get it because I don’t have Wi-Fi,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annette uses a hot spot on her mother’s phone to get on the internet. But doing research or using Google Slides on a tiny phone screen is hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes the hot spot is just really slow and doesn’t let you work on it, and so sometimes you just have to miss it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annette sometimes skips lunch to do her work in the school’s computer lab. She admits there are times when she just doesn’t do it at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annette’s story is more common than we might realize, says Shireen Santosham, chief innovation officer for the city of San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seventy percent of homework is done online, so what you’re doing is cutting out opportunities for onramps for those children,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santosham and her staff conducted a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Digital20Inclusion20Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> with Stanford University and found that 28 percent of families living in the city don’t have access to broadband internet. Most of those families are living below the poverty line, making less than $15,000 a year. Santosham says they’re trying to combat this by bringing in more competition. AT&T and Comcast are the two main companies that provide internet service in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting more competition for the private sector to come in and lower prices and compete against each other, that will result in bringing down the cost and getting more people on the services,” Santosham says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, Comcast launched a new service in San Jose for low-income families — offering internet for as low as $10 a month. The study found that for many families, $10 is still too much to pay. And some argue at this lowest tier the internet is so slow it’s sometimes useless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11647047\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11647047 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RamosFamily-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anthony Ramos with his mother, Rodio, and sister, Catherine, outside their home in East San Jose. Anthony says their internet access is so slow, it sometimes prohibits him from completing his homework. \u003ccite>(Tonya Mosley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is the case for the Ramos family. They recently signed up for that low-cost internet service with Comcast, but 11-year-old Anthony Ramos says trying to work online with his classmates can be excruciating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just a day ago they asked me to be in a group chat, but when I get on the internet it’s very slow,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramos says it can take several minutes for a page to load, so instead he uses the internet at school or a community center to do his homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do most of my social studies homework over there because my internet here is not that good,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools, libraries and community centers are good options, says the city. As part of a digital inclusion plan, the city is working on outreach efforts to let more people know about them. The city also wants to expand its free Wi-Fi network to places like East San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this is to make certain that everyone who lives in the heart of Silicon Valley can be connected.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Expanding broadband internet access to low-income communities has been a priority for San Jose Mayor Sam Liccardo for some time now. So it came as a surprise in late January when he \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/01/25/san-jose-mayor-liccardo-resigns-from-fcc-broadband-advisory-board/\">quit\u003c/a> a Federal Communications Commission committee charged with improving access nationally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s apparent that ultimately the FCC is in the industry’s pocket and has no intention of doing anything to expand digital access,” Liccardo said shortly after the announcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the internet is a driving force behind life in the Bay Area, for many low-income families in East San Jose, it’s still not easy to get online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To get an idea of what this problem looks like, Gabriel Hernandez takes me for a walk through a neighborhood in East San Jose. Hernandez works for Somos Mayfair, a social service nonprofit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I guarantee if we went down this street, you’d probably find maybe five houses that have a computer in the house,” Hernandez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the residents in this neighborhood are Latino and working class. Hernandez says that for those he works with, it’s hard to think about paying for the internet when they’re in survival mode.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Families have to make those choices. Do I eat? Do I pay rent? Or do I pay the phone?” Hernandez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Luiz Mendoza, 51, lives in this neighborhood, in a rented room with four of her children. She fled a domestic violence situation and is raising all of her kids on a salary she earns as a child care worker. The family shares two cellphones — they don’t have a computer. This is a major pain for Mendoza’s 15-year-old daughter, Annette.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes I need homework in email and sometimes I can’t get it because I don’t have Wi-Fi,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annette uses a hot spot on her mother’s phone to get on the internet. But doing research or using Google Slides on a tiny phone screen is hard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes the hot spot is just really slow and doesn’t let you work on it, and so sometimes you just have to miss it,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annette sometimes skips lunch to do her work in the school’s computer lab. She admits there are times when she just doesn’t do it at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Annette’s story is more common than we might realize, says Shireen Santosham, chief innovation officer for the city of San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seventy percent of homework is done online, so what you’re doing is cutting out opportunities for onramps for those children,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santosham and her staff conducted a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/Digital20Inclusion20Report.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">study\u003c/a> with Stanford University and found that 28 percent of families living in the city don’t have access to broadband internet. Most of those families are living below the poverty line, making less than $15,000 a year. Santosham says they’re trying to combat this by bringing in more competition. AT&T and Comcast are the two main companies that provide internet service in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting more competition for the private sector to come in and lower prices and compete against each other, that will result in bringing down the cost and getting more people on the services,” Santosham says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last summer, Comcast launched a new service in San Jose for low-income families — offering internet for as low as $10 a month. The study found that for many families, $10 is still too much to pay. And some argue at this lowest tier the internet is so slow it’s sometimes useless.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11647047\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11647047 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/01/RamosFamily-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Anthony Ramos with his mother, Rodio, and sister, Catherine, outside their home in East San Jose. Anthony says their internet access is so slow, it sometimes prohibits him from completing his homework. \u003ccite>(Tonya Mosley/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is the case for the Ramos family. They recently signed up for that low-cost internet service with Comcast, but 11-year-old Anthony Ramos says trying to work online with his classmates can be excruciating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Just a day ago they asked me to be in a group chat, but when I get on the internet it’s very slow,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ramos says it can take several minutes for a page to load, so instead he uses the internet at school or a community center to do his homework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do most of my social studies homework over there because my internet here is not that good,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools, libraries and community centers are good options, says the city. As part of a digital inclusion plan, the city is working on outreach efforts to let more people know about them. The city also wants to expand its free Wi-Fi network to places like East San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All of this is to make certain that everyone who lives in the heart of Silicon Valley can be connected.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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