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"content": "\u003cp>Vietnam Veterans of America is calling on the government to investigate fake social media accounts targeting veterans online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/an-army-veteran-wages-war-on-social-media-disinformation-1539768600?mod=hp_lead_pos5&fbclid=IwAR0JN13rw9GDqu2EkdLpiqHB_vLLY0z0UYTK2JNLkNk-2Mm37rBQU6rpbTg\">story\u003c/a> in the Wall Street Journal that featured 33-year-old Iraq Veteran Kristofer Goldsmith, and his efforts to rid Facebook of fake accounts and pages targeting veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s frustrating to see there are people from outside of the United States, specifically targeting veterans and using organizations like the Vietnam Veterans of America to gain the trust of their followers,” said Goldsmith, during an interview with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldsmith’s discovery of this problem on Facebook began in 2016, soon after he began working for the Vietnam Veterans of America. He wanted to see how popular the group was on Facebook, so he did a search, and immediately, a page came up that wasn’t the organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The page, which Goldsmith says was run out of Bulgaria, was not only trying to get veterans to donate money and buy T-shirts, but also spreading false news. For example, there was a fake story about the defacing of an African-American veteran’s tombstone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over just four hours while it was up, hundreds of thousands of Americans were exposed to what really was a foreign propaganda video,” said Goldsmith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he combed through Facebook, he discovered nearly 100 more suspicious pages pretending to be veterans groups, and those pages, had millions of followers. Goldsmith says he tried to report the pages through Facebook’s web portal, but it wasn’t until \u003ca href=\"https://www.mccaskill.senate.gov\">Missouri Senator Claire McCaskill\u003c/a> got involved that Facebook started taking the pages down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to this story, Facebook tells us it’s “Threat Intelligence” team is continuing to rid the platform of these kinds of pages. Goldsmith commends the work Facebook is doing to take down these pages. But he believes it’s not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is something where the VA and the Department of Defense need to come together and come up with a holistic solution,” says Goldsmith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in a time that is changing and it can’t just be about caring for the physical and mental health care for veterans. The well-being of veterans is being compromised by foreign trolls who are seeking to destroy us, to tear us apart, to break us apart. The veterans community is a byproduct of their goal of sowing division in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldsmith and the Vietnam Veterans of America now want the U.S. Department of Defense to do a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/notes/vietnam-veterans-of-america/vva-calls-on-government-to-investigate-foreign-elements-targeting-troopsvets-onl/2444078478965855/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">full investigation. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOD has not responded to KQED’s request for comment on the VVA’s request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t just blame this on a couple of evil corporations. I want them to understand that this is a societal issue. The whole point of these trolls is to draw us away from one another. We all need to work together and stand up to these trolls.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Vietnam Veterans of America is calling on the government to investigate fake social media accounts targeting veterans online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This comes after a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/an-army-veteran-wages-war-on-social-media-disinformation-1539768600?mod=hp_lead_pos5&fbclid=IwAR0JN13rw9GDqu2EkdLpiqHB_vLLY0z0UYTK2JNLkNk-2Mm37rBQU6rpbTg\">story\u003c/a> in the Wall Street Journal that featured 33-year-old Iraq Veteran Kristofer Goldsmith, and his efforts to rid Facebook of fake accounts and pages targeting veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s frustrating to see there are people from outside of the United States, specifically targeting veterans and using organizations like the Vietnam Veterans of America to gain the trust of their followers,” said Goldsmith, during an interview with KQED.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldsmith’s discovery of this problem on Facebook began in 2016, soon after he began working for the Vietnam Veterans of America. He wanted to see how popular the group was on Facebook, so he did a search, and immediately, a page came up that wasn’t the organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The page, which Goldsmith says was run out of Bulgaria, was not only trying to get veterans to donate money and buy T-shirts, but also spreading false news. For example, there was a fake story about the defacing of an African-American veteran’s tombstone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Over just four hours while it was up, hundreds of thousands of Americans were exposed to what really was a foreign propaganda video,” said Goldsmith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As he combed through Facebook, he discovered nearly 100 more suspicious pages pretending to be veterans groups, and those pages, had millions of followers. Goldsmith says he tried to report the pages through Facebook’s web portal, but it wasn’t until \u003ca href=\"https://www.mccaskill.senate.gov\">Missouri Senator Claire McCaskill\u003c/a> got involved that Facebook started taking the pages down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to this story, Facebook tells us it’s “Threat Intelligence” team is continuing to rid the platform of these kinds of pages. Goldsmith commends the work Facebook is doing to take down these pages. But he believes it’s not enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is something where the VA and the Department of Defense need to come together and come up with a holistic solution,” says Goldsmith.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re in a time that is changing and it can’t just be about caring for the physical and mental health care for veterans. The well-being of veterans is being compromised by foreign trolls who are seeking to destroy us, to tear us apart, to break us apart. The veterans community is a byproduct of their goal of sowing division in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Goldsmith and the Vietnam Veterans of America now want the U.S. Department of Defense to do a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/notes/vietnam-veterans-of-america/vva-calls-on-government-to-investigate-foreign-elements-targeting-troopsvets-onl/2444078478965855/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">full investigation. \u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DOD has not responded to KQED’s request for comment on the VVA’s request.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can’t just blame this on a couple of evil corporations. I want them to understand that this is a societal issue. The whole point of these trolls is to draw us away from one another. We all need to work together and stand up to these trolls.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The DMV gave the public a series of piecemeal explanations as it acknowledged making more than 100,000 errors in recent months in registering Californians to vote. Software problems, it said in May. Human errors from toggling between computer windows, it said in September. Data entry mistakes that were corrected but never saved, it said this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What DMV officials didn’t acknowledge — and still haven’t — was what may be the underlying problem: The agency rolled out a massive new voter-registration effort with a piecemeal computer system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of the properly integrated computer program that was needed, the agency launched in April with disparate computer systems that didn’t automatically link together, according to advocates who have been working closely with the DMV on the new “motor voter” system. That meant DMV workers had to manually link information from various systems during transactions between April and September, when an integrated system was put in place, said Kathay Feng, executive director of California Common Cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the problems reported so far happened during that period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re finding out is that they were really patching together an old system with several new systems,” Feng said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still don’t know if ... they had planned all along to have an interim process between April and September or if this is something they cobbled together because something wasn’t ready.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DMV declined to answer CALmatters’ questions about the computer systems, instead providing a statement saying the motor voter program “has been implemented in phases, allowing DMV to roll out additional functionality.” The latest upgrade, the statement says, was on Sept. 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The botched rollout of the motor voter system — which comes as the state prepares for mid-term elections — points to two long-standing problems in California. One is the state government’s pattern of \u003ca href=\"https://sbp.senate.ca.gov/sites/sbp.senate.ca.gov/files/California%20IT%20Failures%20Background.pdf\">failure\u003c/a> on large information technology projects; the other is its \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1994/12/21/us/california-governor-sues-to-void-motor-voter-law.html\">history\u003c/a> of flouting the federal voter-registration law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common Cause and other voter-rights advocacy groups \u003ca href=\"https://www.mofo.com/resources/press-releases/voting-right-groups-move-to-enforce-motor-voter-in-california.pdf\">sued\u003c/a> the state in 2015, alleging it had failed to follow federal law requiring that states register people to vote and update their voting registrations when they get or renew a driver’s license or ID card. The Legislature then passed a \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1461\">law\u003c/a> creating automatic voter registration at the DMV, and the advocacy groups have been working with the government to implement it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea was that rather than duplicating information by filling out a voter-registration form \u003cem>and\u003c/em> a driver’s license form, Californians who are legally eligible to vote would automatically be registered when completing the DMV’s computerized application for a driver’s license or ID card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the program launched in April, about 1.4 million Californians have registered to vote or updated their voter registration through the motor voter process — and the DMV has acknowledged three batches of mistakes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A software error affected 77,000 registrations, resulting, in some cases, in two registration forms indicating different party preferences being issued for one voter (\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-motor-voter-registrations-errors-20180524-story.html\">reported\u003c/a> in May).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A window-toggling error affected 23,000 registrations, resulting in changes to voters’ party preference, vote-by-mail options and language choices (\u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article217891745.html\">reported\u003c/a> in September).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A data-entry error resulted in 1,500 people being registered to vote even though they are not legally eligible because they are not U.S. citizens, are under 18 or are on parole for a felony conviction (\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-dmv-more-voter-registration-errors-20181008-story.html\">reported\u003c/a> this month).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Though the problems are serious, none indicate intentional acts of fraud or hacking. Instead, they appear to be the result of human error and glitchy technology — which officials say are being fixed with software updates and employee training. The secretary of state said erroneous registrations have been canceled and DMV leaders say they’ve put new procedures in place to prevent mistakes in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We continue to review the efficiency and accuracy of the program and will make additional upgrades as needed,” said the statement from DMV spokeswoman Jessica Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary of State Alex Padilla has said the errors amount to a small \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/blog/the-one-thing-the-california-dmv-does-make-it-easy-to-do/\">fraction\u003c/a> of the transactions processed by the DMV and maintains that the corrective steps he’s taking, including a third-party review of the motor voter system, “are crucial to ensuring voter confidence in our democracy.” National experts have repeatedly found that voter fraud is \u003ca href=\"https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2018/jan/04/donald-trump/donald-trump-says-theres-substantial-evidence-vote/\">isolated and rare\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, with the state government run entirely by Democrats, the motor voter problems have fueled Republican arguments that voting systems are \u003ca href=\"https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2018/apr/06/donald-trump/no-proof-trumps-claim-millions-voted-many-times/\">plagued by fraud\u003c/a>. In a new digital \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZ1w_GNowHc\">ad\u003c/a> this month, Padilla’s GOP opponent Mark Meuser highlights cases of fraudulent voting and says he wants “to end California's rigged elections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential for politicizing the problem is why the state government needs to come up with a big picture fix, said Mike Madrid, a Republican political consultant who is an outspoken critic of President Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a way to salvage this but it requires not dismissing it as ‘no big deal,’” he said. “The president of the United States is questioning the integrity of our electoral system and we have just legitimized that fear mongering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Madrid wants to see a bipartisan commission formed to examine California’s voting system — not only the motor voter problems but also issues like the incident during the June primary when more than 118,000 names were erased from Los Angeles County voter rolls. An audit \u003ca href=\"https://www.lavote.net/docs/rrcc/news-releases/Final-Revised-Media-Release-Voter-Roster.pdf?v=1\">found\u003c/a> that case was caused by a formatting mismatch between state and local computer systems that left blank spaces where dates of birth should have been, causing the computer to misclassify those voters as underaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s Department of Finance will examine the motor voter program as part of its audit of the DMV, which has been plagued by numerous problems this year including massive wait times. But critics say that review is insufficient because the Department of Finance, like the DMV itself, is part of the governor’s administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, lawmakers \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org/articles/2018/08/08/california-lawmakers-reject-proposal-to-audit-the-dmv-despite-complaints-about-long-waits/\">rejected\u003c/a> a Republican assemblyman’s request to have the state’s independent auditor investigate the DMV. Now the Democratic assemblywoman who wrote the law creating the new motor voter system said she is going to ask for one when the Legislature reconvenes in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We gave them plenty of time. We increased their budget twice in order to implement this. We allowed them to delay implementation because we wanted it done right,” said Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez Fletcher of San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they told us they were ready, obviously they weren’t quite ready.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The DMV made more than 100,000 errors in recent months in registering Californians to vote. The underlying problem may be that the agency rolled out a massive new voter-registration effort with a piecemeal computer system.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The DMV gave the public a series of piecemeal explanations as it acknowledged making more than 100,000 errors in recent months in registering Californians to vote. Software problems, it said in May. Human errors from toggling between computer windows, it said in September. Data entry mistakes that were corrected but never saved, it said this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What DMV officials didn’t acknowledge — and still haven’t — was what may be the underlying problem: The agency rolled out a massive new voter-registration effort with a piecemeal computer system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of the properly integrated computer program that was needed, the agency launched in April with disparate computer systems that didn’t automatically link together, according to advocates who have been working closely with the DMV on the new “motor voter” system. That meant DMV workers had to manually link information from various systems during transactions between April and September, when an integrated system was put in place, said Kathay Feng, executive director of California Common Cause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the problems reported so far happened during that period of time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we’re finding out is that they were really patching together an old system with several new systems,” Feng said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We still don’t know if ... they had planned all along to have an interim process between April and September or if this is something they cobbled together because something wasn’t ready.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DMV declined to answer CALmatters’ questions about the computer systems, instead providing a statement saying the motor voter program “has been implemented in phases, allowing DMV to roll out additional functionality.” The latest upgrade, the statement says, was on Sept. 26.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The botched rollout of the motor voter system — which comes as the state prepares for mid-term elections — points to two long-standing problems in California. One is the state government’s pattern of \u003ca href=\"https://sbp.senate.ca.gov/sites/sbp.senate.ca.gov/files/California%20IT%20Failures%20Background.pdf\">failure\u003c/a> on large information technology projects; the other is its \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1994/12/21/us/california-governor-sues-to-void-motor-voter-law.html\">history\u003c/a> of flouting the federal voter-registration law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Common Cause and other voter-rights advocacy groups \u003ca href=\"https://www.mofo.com/resources/press-releases/voting-right-groups-move-to-enforce-motor-voter-in-california.pdf\">sued\u003c/a> the state in 2015, alleging it had failed to follow federal law requiring that states register people to vote and update their voting registrations when they get or renew a driver’s license or ID card. The Legislature then passed a \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB1461\">law\u003c/a> creating automatic voter registration at the DMV, and the advocacy groups have been working with the government to implement it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea was that rather than duplicating information by filling out a voter-registration form \u003cem>and\u003c/em> a driver’s license form, Californians who are legally eligible to vote would automatically be registered when completing the DMV’s computerized application for a driver’s license or ID card.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the program launched in April, about 1.4 million Californians have registered to vote or updated their voter registration through the motor voter process — and the DMV has acknowledged three batches of mistakes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A software error affected 77,000 registrations, resulting, in some cases, in two registration forms indicating different party preferences being issued for one voter (\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-motor-voter-registrations-errors-20180524-story.html\">reported\u003c/a> in May).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A window-toggling error affected 23,000 registrations, resulting in changes to voters’ party preference, vote-by-mail options and language choices (\u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article217891745.html\">reported\u003c/a> in September).\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>A data-entry error resulted in 1,500 people being registered to vote even though they are not legally eligible because they are not U.S. citizens, are under 18 or are on parole for a felony conviction (\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-ca-dmv-more-voter-registration-errors-20181008-story.html\">reported\u003c/a> this month).\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Though the problems are serious, none indicate intentional acts of fraud or hacking. Instead, they appear to be the result of human error and glitchy technology — which officials say are being fixed with software updates and employee training. The secretary of state said erroneous registrations have been canceled and DMV leaders say they’ve put new procedures in place to prevent mistakes in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We continue to review the efficiency and accuracy of the program and will make additional upgrades as needed,” said the statement from DMV spokeswoman Jessica Gonzalez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Secretary of State Alex Padilla has said the errors amount to a small \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/blog/the-one-thing-the-california-dmv-does-make-it-easy-to-do/\">fraction\u003c/a> of the transactions processed by the DMV and maintains that the corrective steps he’s taking, including a third-party review of the motor voter system, “are crucial to ensuring voter confidence in our democracy.” National experts have repeatedly found that voter fraud is \u003ca href=\"https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2018/jan/04/donald-trump/donald-trump-says-theres-substantial-evidence-vote/\">isolated and rare\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, with the state government run entirely by Democrats, the motor voter problems have fueled Republican arguments that voting systems are \u003ca href=\"https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2018/apr/06/donald-trump/no-proof-trumps-claim-millions-voted-many-times/\">plagued by fraud\u003c/a>. In a new digital \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZ1w_GNowHc\">ad\u003c/a> this month, Padilla’s GOP opponent Mark Meuser highlights cases of fraudulent voting and says he wants “to end California's rigged elections.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potential for politicizing the problem is why the state government needs to come up with a big picture fix, said Mike Madrid, a Republican political consultant who is an outspoken critic of President Donald Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is a way to salvage this but it requires not dismissing it as ‘no big deal,’” he said. “The president of the United States is questioning the integrity of our electoral system and we have just legitimized that fear mongering.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Madrid wants to see a bipartisan commission formed to examine California’s voting system — not only the motor voter problems but also issues like the incident during the June primary when more than 118,000 names were erased from Los Angeles County voter rolls. An audit \u003ca href=\"https://www.lavote.net/docs/rrcc/news-releases/Final-Revised-Media-Release-Voter-Roster.pdf?v=1\">found\u003c/a> that case was caused by a formatting mismatch between state and local computer systems that left blank spaces where dates of birth should have been, causing the computer to misclassify those voters as underaged.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s Department of Finance will examine the motor voter program as part of its audit of the DMV, which has been plagued by numerous problems this year including massive wait times. But critics say that review is insufficient because the Department of Finance, like the DMV itself, is part of the governor’s administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer, lawmakers \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org/articles/2018/08/08/california-lawmakers-reject-proposal-to-audit-the-dmv-despite-complaints-about-long-waits/\">rejected\u003c/a> a Republican assemblyman’s request to have the state’s independent auditor investigate the DMV. Now the Democratic assemblywoman who wrote the law creating the new motor voter system said she is going to ask for one when the Legislature reconvenes in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We gave them plenty of time. We increased their budget twice in order to implement this. We allowed them to delay implementation because we wanted it done right,” said Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez Fletcher of San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When they told us they were ready, obviously they weren’t quite ready.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003ch2>L.A. Federal Judge Could Limit Regulation of Conditions at Facilities for Migrant Children\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wednesday is the first day on the job for an independent monitor tasked with making sure that the federal government follows court orders when it comes to treating migrant kids humanely. But the Trump administration is pushing back, asking a federal judge in Los Angeles to limit how much power she has.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Farida Jhabvala Romero\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11699097/indicted-rep-duncan-hunter-calls-his-opponent-a-muslim-infiltrator\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Congressional Challenger Campa-Najjar Says He Expected Opponent Duncan Hunter to Make Race an Issue\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The 50th district Congressional race between Republican Duncan Hunter and Democratic challenger Ammar Campa-Najjar is shaping up to be a close one. Hunter is under federal indictment for misusing campaign funds. As those details continue to surface, Hunter has turned to attacking Campa-Najjar’s Palestinian heritage. Campa-Najjar, a U.S.-born native to San Diego County, tells host John Sepulvado he was expecting Hunter to bring race into his campaign.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Ammar Campa-Najjar\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cal State Students Call For Justice in Slaying of Humboldt Classmate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A year and a half ago, a 19-year-old African-American student at Humboldt State was stabbed to death at an off-campus party. His name was David Josiah Lawson, and his killing remains unsolved. This week, students at Cal State campuses across the state are rallying and demanding, \"Justice for Josiah.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Sandhya Dirks\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Mother of Murdered Student Says She's 'Proud' to See the Community's Response\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We spoke with David Josiah Lawson's mother, Charmaine, on Monday to ask how she's doing. She'll be heading to several Cal State campuses this week to rally with students who are supporting her son.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Charmaine Lawson\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New Bill Would Require Animals Raised on Farms to be Cage-Free\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the propositions on the ballot this November would ensure livestock and other farm animals have space to roam. KQED Science Reporter Lesley McClurg breaks down Proposition 12 for host John Sepulvado.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Lesley McClurg\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Remembering Microsoft Co-Founder Paul Allen\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen died in Seattle on Monday. He was 65 years old and passed after a battle with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Allen is being hailed this morning as a founding father of personal computing. We hear from Janet Wozniak, wife of Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, and Oren Etzioni, CEO of the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, about Allen's legacy.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guests: Janet Wozniak, Oren Etzioni\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>L.A. Federal Judge Could Limit Regulation of Conditions at Facilities for Migrant Children\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Wednesday is the first day on the job for an independent monitor tasked with making sure that the federal government follows court orders when it comes to treating migrant kids humanely. But the Trump administration is pushing back, asking a federal judge in Los Angeles to limit how much power she has.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Farida Jhabvala Romero\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11699097/indicted-rep-duncan-hunter-calls-his-opponent-a-muslim-infiltrator\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Congressional Challenger Campa-Najjar Says He Expected Opponent Duncan Hunter to Make Race an Issue\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The 50th district Congressional race between Republican Duncan Hunter and Democratic challenger Ammar Campa-Najjar is shaping up to be a close one. Hunter is under federal indictment for misusing campaign funds. As those details continue to surface, Hunter has turned to attacking Campa-Najjar’s Palestinian heritage. Campa-Najjar, a U.S.-born native to San Diego County, tells host John Sepulvado he was expecting Hunter to bring race into his campaign.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Ammar Campa-Najjar\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cal State Students Call For Justice in Slaying of Humboldt Classmate\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A year and a half ago, a 19-year-old African-American student at Humboldt State was stabbed to death at an off-campus party. His name was David Josiah Lawson, and his killing remains unsolved. This week, students at Cal State campuses across the state are rallying and demanding, \"Justice for Josiah.\"\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Sandhya Dirks\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Mother of Murdered Student Says She's 'Proud' to See the Community's Response\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>We spoke with David Josiah Lawson's mother, Charmaine, on Monday to ask how she's doing. She'll be heading to several Cal State campuses this week to rally with students who are supporting her son.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Charmaine Lawson\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New Bill Would Require Animals Raised on Farms to be Cage-Free\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>One of the propositions on the ballot this November would ensure livestock and other farm animals have space to roam. KQED Science Reporter Lesley McClurg breaks down Proposition 12 for host John Sepulvado.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Lesley McClurg\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Remembering Microsoft Co-Founder Paul Allen\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Microsoft co-founder Paul Allen died in Seattle on Monday. He was 65 years old and passed after a battle with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Allen is being hailed this morning as a founding father of personal computing. We hear from Janet Wozniak, wife of Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, and Oren Etzioni, CEO of the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, about Allen's legacy.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guests: Janet Wozniak, Oren Etzioni\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "City Analysis: Uber, Lyft Are Biggest Contributors to Slowdown in S.F. Traffic",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 9:25 a.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]here are lots of reasons traffic congestion has gotten worse in San Francisco since 2010. Among them are a surging economy that has added an estimated 150,000 new jobs in the city and a population increase of 70,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But new research from San Francisco transportation planners finds that the single biggest factor in slowing down traffic and jamming city streets is the arrival of tens of thousands of ride-service vehicles carrying passengers for Uber and Lyft -- firms known in regulatory circles as transportation network companies, or TNCs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report released Tuesday by the San Francisco County Transportation Authority (SFCTA) -- \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcta.org/sites/default/files/content/Planning/TNCs/TNCs_Congestion_Report_181015_Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TNCs and Congestion\u003c/a>\" -- says a comparison of data from 2010 and late 2016 found that the ride-service firms are responsible for about half of the increased congestion on city streets during that time period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report was published alongside \u003ca href=\"http://tncsandcongestion.sfcta.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an interactive map\u003c/a> showing the congestion impact of ride services, population and employment growth and changes in the city's street network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In statements issued before the official release of the report, the companies pushed back against the notion they're responsible for worsening traffic conditions. Uber said the study failed to account for a dramatic increase in tourism in recent years or traffic bottlenecks caused by more frequent freight and e-commerce deliveries in the city. \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/sharing-the-ride-with-lyft/understanding-lyfts-impact-on-congestion-adc1d13d932e\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Lyft pointed\u003c/a> to studies that suggest TNCs may actually reduce congestion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Findings Add to 2017 Report\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not exactly news that there are lots of Lyft and Uber vehicles on San Francisco streets. If you're in the Financial District, South of Market (SOMA) or the Mission and open the companies' apps, nearby thoroughfares appear to be crawling with ride-service cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That impression is backed up by data. The SFCTA said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcta.org/sites/default/files/content/Planning/TNCs/TNCs_Today_112917.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an analysis\u003c/a> of TNC traffic last year that as many as 6,000 Uber and Lyft vehicles were on the city's streets at any one time -- dwarfing the city's mostly moribund taxi fleet -- and accounted for about 170,000 vehicle trips on a typical weekday. That ride service traffic -- again based on data from late 2016 -- represented about 15 percent of all vehicle trips in the city, the SFCTA said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we put that report out, what it revealed was that there are a lot of TNC trips happening, oftentimes in the most congested parts of the city and often at the most congested times of day,\" said Joe Castiglione, the SFCTA's deputy director for technology, data and analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"However, we couldn't really say how much TNCs were contributing to congestion or how they might have changed congestion since they came on the scene around seven or eight years ago, because lots of other things have changed in the interim,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those changes: the city's spike in employment and the increase in its population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Certainly all of these new people -- new residents and jobs -- are also contributing to congestion,\" Castiglione said. \"What this new report does is answer the question, 'How do TNCs affect roadway congestion in San Francisco relative to all of these other factors?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFCTA report acknowledges a host of unknowns in answering that question, noting a lack of data on how delivery services, freight traffic and construction activity on city streets might be affecting congestion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also concedes that it's not a given that ride services increase congestion. For instance, Uber and Lyft could encourage transit ridership by serving as a bridge to and from train stations and bus stops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>S.F. Streets: More Delays, Lower Speeds\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after sifting through data from several sources, the transportation researchers concluded that the ride services are, indeed, a major factor in traffic congestion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using information on late 2016 Uber and Lyft activity in San Francisco, obtained by researchers at Northeastern University and data about citywide traffic conditions from transportation intelligence firm INRIX, the SFCTA analyzed three measures of congestion: the extent of travel delays, the total number of miles vehicles travel in the city every day and average traffic speeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFCTA says that total daily traffic delays in San Francisco increased from about 65,000 hours in 2010 to 105,000 hours by the end of 2016. By analyzing several different scenarios, including a hypothetical situation in which there was no TNC traffic in 2016, the agency estimates that 51 percent of the additional 40,000 hours of daily delay was due to the ride services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, the study found that the TNCs contributed heavily to increases in the number of vehicle miles traveled each weekday and decreases in average speeds on city thoroughfares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFCTA report says weekday vehicle miles traveled increased from 4.9 million to 5.6 million between 2010 and the end of 2016, with TNCs accounting for 47 percent of the 700,000-mile increase. The city researchers estimate that average speeds on city streets fell from 24 mph to 20.9 mph during the study period, with ride-service traffic responsible for 55 percent of the 3.1 mph drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hardest-Hit Neighborhoods\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also highlights the neighborhoods and times of day where the ride-service firms have had the biggest impact on travel conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Ride-hailing companies are major contributors to the horrendous traffic conditions in the city's Financial District and SOMA, areas which have seen major increases in travel delays and the number of vehicle miles traveled.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Mission District saw the biggest drop in average traffic speeds -- almost 5 mph over the six-year study period. Smaller but significant drops were also seen in the Financial District, SOMA and the Civic Center/Hayes Valley/Panhandle corridor. The study says ride services were the biggest factor in the speed decreases in those areas.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>One SOMA block offers a dramatic example of both worsening congestion and the role ride-service firms play. The SFCTA says daily hours of delay more than doubled on Bryant Street between 5th and 6th streets-- a key approach to the eastbound Bay Bridge. The agency says 80 percent of that additional congestion is due to ride-service vehicles.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Traffic delays have increased and speeds have slowed at all times of day. The report says the TNCs have had the most dramatic relative impact on evening and overnight traffic, when average traffic speeds citywide have dropped from about 26 mph to about 22 mph. \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The data confirm that Valencia Street, often the scene of evening TNC scrums, has been severely affected by the advent of Lyft and Uber. Evening congestion has skyrocketed on the popular Mission District strip, virtually all due to ride-service traffic. Lyft has tried to address that issue by \u003ca href=\"https://missionlocal.org/2018/08/lyft-rides-permenantly-diverted-from-busy-parts-of-sfs-valencia-street/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ending passenger pickups\u003c/a> on Valencia between 16th and 19th streets, directing customers to catch their rides on side streets.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Castiglione and other SFCTA researchers who worked on the study are scheduled to present their findings to the Board of Supervisors -- meeting as the county Transportation Authority Board-- on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber and Lyft criticized the agency report, saying the findings don't fully account for other sources of traffic congestion and fail to credit ways in which ride services may ease travel overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While we appreciate efforts to better understand the causes of congestion, this study fails to consider critical factors like the spike in tourism or the growth of freight deliveries, both of which have exploded since the study’s baseline date of 2010,\" Uber said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft representative Lauren Alexander said via email that the SFCTA report \"is flawed and an incomplete picture of the transit challenges San Francisco faces. Congestion is a complex issue, and Lyft is committed to being a part of the solution. Lyft stands ready to partner with SFCTA to advocate for solutions like congestion pricing and building more housing near transit to address the core causes of congestion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Lyft and Uber are cooperating with \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/In-compromise-with-SF-Supervisor-Peskin-Uber-and-13121292.php\">a city effort\u003c/a> to impose a new tax on ride-service trips, the proceeds of which would go to fund transportation improvements.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 9:25 a.m. Tuesday\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>here are lots of reasons traffic congestion has gotten worse in San Francisco since 2010. Among them are a surging economy that has added an estimated 150,000 new jobs in the city and a population increase of 70,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But new research from San Francisco transportation planners finds that the single biggest factor in slowing down traffic and jamming city streets is the arrival of tens of thousands of ride-service vehicles carrying passengers for Uber and Lyft -- firms known in regulatory circles as transportation network companies, or TNCs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A report released Tuesday by the San Francisco County Transportation Authority (SFCTA) -- \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcta.org/sites/default/files/content/Planning/TNCs/TNCs_Congestion_Report_181015_Final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TNCs and Congestion\u003c/a>\" -- says a comparison of data from 2010 and late 2016 found that the ride-service firms are responsible for about half of the increased congestion on city streets during that time period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report was published alongside \u003ca href=\"http://tncsandcongestion.sfcta.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an interactive map\u003c/a> showing the congestion impact of ride services, population and employment growth and changes in the city's street network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In statements issued before the official release of the report, the companies pushed back against the notion they're responsible for worsening traffic conditions. Uber said the study failed to account for a dramatic increase in tourism in recent years or traffic bottlenecks caused by more frequent freight and e-commerce deliveries in the city. \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/sharing-the-ride-with-lyft/understanding-lyfts-impact-on-congestion-adc1d13d932e\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Lyft pointed\u003c/a> to studies that suggest TNCs may actually reduce congestion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Findings Add to 2017 Report\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not exactly news that there are lots of Lyft and Uber vehicles on San Francisco streets. If you're in the Financial District, South of Market (SOMA) or the Mission and open the companies' apps, nearby thoroughfares appear to be crawling with ride-service cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That impression is backed up by data. The SFCTA said in \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfcta.org/sites/default/files/content/Planning/TNCs/TNCs_Today_112917.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an analysis\u003c/a> of TNC traffic last year that as many as 6,000 Uber and Lyft vehicles were on the city's streets at any one time -- dwarfing the city's mostly moribund taxi fleet -- and accounted for about 170,000 vehicle trips on a typical weekday. That ride service traffic -- again based on data from late 2016 -- represented about 15 percent of all vehicle trips in the city, the SFCTA said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When we put that report out, what it revealed was that there are a lot of TNC trips happening, oftentimes in the most congested parts of the city and often at the most congested times of day,\" said Joe Castiglione, the SFCTA's deputy director for technology, data and analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"However, we couldn't really say how much TNCs were contributing to congestion or how they might have changed congestion since they came on the scene around seven or eight years ago, because lots of other things have changed in the interim,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those changes: the city's spike in employment and the increase in its population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Certainly all of these new people -- new residents and jobs -- are also contributing to congestion,\" Castiglione said. \"What this new report does is answer the question, 'How do TNCs affect roadway congestion in San Francisco relative to all of these other factors?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFCTA report acknowledges a host of unknowns in answering that question, noting a lack of data on how delivery services, freight traffic and construction activity on city streets might be affecting congestion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study also concedes that it's not a given that ride services increase congestion. For instance, Uber and Lyft could encourage transit ridership by serving as a bridge to and from train stations and bus stops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>S.F. Streets: More Delays, Lower Speeds\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But after sifting through data from several sources, the transportation researchers concluded that the ride services are, indeed, a major factor in traffic congestion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using information on late 2016 Uber and Lyft activity in San Francisco, obtained by researchers at Northeastern University and data about citywide traffic conditions from transportation intelligence firm INRIX, the SFCTA analyzed three measures of congestion: the extent of travel delays, the total number of miles vehicles travel in the city every day and average traffic speeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFCTA says that total daily traffic delays in San Francisco increased from about 65,000 hours in 2010 to 105,000 hours by the end of 2016. By analyzing several different scenarios, including a hypothetical situation in which there was no TNC traffic in 2016, the agency estimates that 51 percent of the additional 40,000 hours of daily delay was due to the ride services.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similarly, the study found that the TNCs contributed heavily to increases in the number of vehicle miles traveled each weekday and decreases in average speeds on city thoroughfares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The SFCTA report says weekday vehicle miles traveled increased from 4.9 million to 5.6 million between 2010 and the end of 2016, with TNCs accounting for 47 percent of the 700,000-mile increase. The city researchers estimate that average speeds on city streets fell from 24 mph to 20.9 mph during the study period, with ride-service traffic responsible for 55 percent of the 3.1 mph drop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Hardest-Hit Neighborhoods\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report also highlights the neighborhoods and times of day where the ride-service firms have had the biggest impact on travel conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among those findings:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Ride-hailing companies are major contributors to the horrendous traffic conditions in the city's Financial District and SOMA, areas which have seen major increases in travel delays and the number of vehicle miles traveled.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The Mission District saw the biggest drop in average traffic speeds -- almost 5 mph over the six-year study period. Smaller but significant drops were also seen in the Financial District, SOMA and the Civic Center/Hayes Valley/Panhandle corridor. The study says ride services were the biggest factor in the speed decreases in those areas.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>One SOMA block offers a dramatic example of both worsening congestion and the role ride-service firms play. The SFCTA says daily hours of delay more than doubled on Bryant Street between 5th and 6th streets-- a key approach to the eastbound Bay Bridge. The agency says 80 percent of that additional congestion is due to ride-service vehicles.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Traffic delays have increased and speeds have slowed at all times of day. The report says the TNCs have had the most dramatic relative impact on evening and overnight traffic, when average traffic speeds citywide have dropped from about 26 mph to about 22 mph. \u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The data confirm that Valencia Street, often the scene of evening TNC scrums, has been severely affected by the advent of Lyft and Uber. Evening congestion has skyrocketed on the popular Mission District strip, virtually all due to ride-service traffic. Lyft has tried to address that issue by \u003ca href=\"https://missionlocal.org/2018/08/lyft-rides-permenantly-diverted-from-busy-parts-of-sfs-valencia-street/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ending passenger pickups\u003c/a> on Valencia between 16th and 19th streets, directing customers to catch their rides on side streets.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Castiglione and other SFCTA researchers who worked on the study are scheduled to present their findings to the Board of Supervisors -- meeting as the county Transportation Authority Board-- on Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber and Lyft criticized the agency report, saying the findings don't fully account for other sources of traffic congestion and fail to credit ways in which ride services may ease travel overall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"While we appreciate efforts to better understand the causes of congestion, this study fails to consider critical factors like the spike in tourism or the growth of freight deliveries, both of which have exploded since the study’s baseline date of 2010,\" Uber said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft representative Lauren Alexander said via email that the SFCTA report \"is flawed and an incomplete picture of the transit challenges San Francisco faces. Congestion is a complex issue, and Lyft is committed to being a part of the solution. Lyft stands ready to partner with SFCTA to advocate for solutions like congestion pricing and building more housing near transit to address the core causes of congestion.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Lyft and Uber are cooperating with \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/In-compromise-with-SF-Supervisor-Peskin-Uber-and-13121292.php\">a city effort\u003c/a> to impose a new tax on ride-service trips, the proceeds of which would go to fund transportation improvements.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook has confirmed that millions of users did in fact have personal data accessed during \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11695257/facebook-says-security-breach-allowed-hackers-to-access-up-to-50-million-accounts\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a serious security breach disclosed late last month\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, the social media giant estimated that 50 million accounts were affected by the hack, but said it was not clear whether any information had actually been stolen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2018/10/update-on-security-issue/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">revised\u003c/a> the total number of affected users down to around 30 million. But it has also confirmed that hackers accessed personal details in most of those cases — including, for about half of those users, recent searches and locations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook would not discuss a suspect or a motive, at the FBI’s request. The bureau is actively investigating the breach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/28/652631686/facebook-says-security-breach-affected-almost-50-million-accounts\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">previously reported\u003c/a>, the hack exploited three separate bugs in Facebook’s code. No passwords were actually compromised, but the hackers were able to gain “access tokens” that let them use accounts as though\u003cem> \u003c/em>they were logged in as another person. In late September, Facebook detected unusual activity, discovered the bugs and disabled them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says the attacks were carried out between September 14 and 27. The attackers moved within social networks, controlling one account at first and from there, accessing that account’s friends, to initially steal access tokens for 400,000,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>and ultimately 30 million more accounts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifteen million of those users had their names and contact details — which could be email addresses or phone numbers — accessed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a more serious breach, 14 million people had a wider array of data accessed, including their gender, religion, relationship status, birthday, current city and hometown, device types, education and work history. Hackers also had access to those users’ last 15 searches, and the last 10 locations they either checked into or were tagged in by someone else. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 400,000 people whose accounts were first hacked were most seriously compromised, with hackers viewing their posts, their friend lists, their group memberships and the names of recent message conversations (though not, in most cases, the contents of those messages). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no reason to believe the attackers were interested in that information” from those 400,000 users, Guy Rosen, vice president of product management at Facebook, told reporters on Friday. “They were [doing] that in order to get the access tokens for those people’s friends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hackers also gained access to the accounts of about 1 million users, but did not steal any data, Facebook says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Users can visit Facebook’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/help/securitynotice?ref=sec\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">help site\u003c/a> to determine if their account was among those hacked. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says they do not believe the attackers created any posts while imitating other users. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also says that the hackers would hypothetically have been able to view the last four characters of users’ credit card numbers, but there is no evidence they sought out that information. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Facebook+Says+14+Million+Accounts+Had+Broad+Array+Of+Personal+Data+Stolen&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook has confirmed that millions of users did in fact have personal data accessed during \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11695257/facebook-says-security-breach-allowed-hackers-to-access-up-to-50-million-accounts\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a serious security breach disclosed late last month\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initially, the social media giant estimated that 50 million accounts were affected by the hack, but said it was not clear whether any information had actually been stolen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2018/10/update-on-security-issue/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">revised\u003c/a> the total number of affected users down to around 30 million. But it has also confirmed that hackers accessed personal details in most of those cases — including, for about half of those users, recent searches and locations. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook would not discuss a suspect or a motive, at the FBI’s request. The bureau is actively investigating the breach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/09/28/652631686/facebook-says-security-breach-affected-almost-50-million-accounts\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">previously reported\u003c/a>, the hack exploited three separate bugs in Facebook’s code. No passwords were actually compromised, but the hackers were able to gain “access tokens” that let them use accounts as though\u003cem> \u003c/em>they were logged in as another person. In late September, Facebook detected unusual activity, discovered the bugs and disabled them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says the attacks were carried out between September 14 and 27. The attackers moved within social networks, controlling one account at first and from there, accessing that account’s friends, to initially steal access tokens for 400,000,\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>and ultimately 30 million more accounts. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fifteen million of those users had their names and contact details — which could be email addresses or phone numbers — accessed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a more serious breach, 14 million people had a wider array of data accessed, including their gender, religion, relationship status, birthday, current city and hometown, device types, education and work history. Hackers also had access to those users’ last 15 searches, and the last 10 locations they either checked into or were tagged in by someone else. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 400,000 people whose accounts were first hacked were most seriously compromised, with hackers viewing their posts, their friend lists, their group memberships and the names of recent message conversations (though not, in most cases, the contents of those messages). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have no reason to believe the attackers were interested in that information” from those 400,000 users, Guy Rosen, vice president of product management at Facebook, told reporters on Friday. “They were [doing] that in order to get the access tokens for those people’s friends.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hackers also gained access to the accounts of about 1 million users, but did not steal any data, Facebook says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Users can visit Facebook’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/help/securitynotice?ref=sec\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">help site\u003c/a> to determine if their account was among those hacked. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook says they do not believe the attackers created any posts while imitating other users. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company also says that the hackers would hypothetically have been able to view the last four characters of users’ credit card numbers, but there is no evidence they sought out that information. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Facebook+Says+14+Million+Accounts+Had+Broad+Array+Of+Personal+Data+Stolen&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Easy DNA Identifications With Genealogy Databases Raise Privacy Concerns",
"title": "Easy DNA Identifications With Genealogy Databases Raise Privacy Concerns",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>Police in California \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/27/606624218/in-hunt-for-golden-state-killer-investigators-uploaded-his-dna-to-genealogy-site\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">made headlines\u003c/a> this spring when they charged a former police officer with being the Golden State Killer, a man who allegedly committed a series of notorious rapes and murders in the 1970s and '80s.[contextly_sidebar id=\"wnxqjWPunPnkNxirmoKmxB8OyxTBzMuy\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities revealed they used DNA from a publicly available genealogy website to crack the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, police around the country have started doing the same sort of thing to solve other cold cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That prompted \u003ca href=\"https://www.myheritage.com/management/yaniv_erlich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yaniv Erlich, \u003c/a>the chief science officer at the Israeli company \u003ca href=\"https://www.myheritage.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MyHeritage\u003c/a>, to investigate just how easy it is to use public genealogy databases to track down people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted to quantify how powerful this technique is to identify individuals,\" Erlich says. So he and his colleagues analyzed the genomes of 1.28 million people in the company's database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aau4832\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper \u003c/a>published Thursday in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em>, the researchers projected that they could identify third cousins and more closely related relatives in more than 60 percent of people of European descent. (They chose this group because most people in their database have that ancestry.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like each person in this database is a beacon that illuminates hundreds of distant relatives,\" Erlich says. \"So it's enough to have your third cousin or your second cousin once-removed in these databases to actually identify you.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"B44UUm4fmJ0qJhwetu8JjvUYBxbNVQtq\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when the researchers combined their strategy with other information, such a specific geographic area or the approximate age of a person, they could quickly reduce a list of possibilities to just a few people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of course, you need the genealogical records. You need to do the work. But you have enough power to to get very close,\" Erlich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's not all. Erlich estimates that as his and other databases grow, investigators will essentially be able to identify anyone in the United States within that ethnic background within a few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems that very quickly we can get virtually to nearly everyone,\" Erlich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another part of the study, the researchers went even further to see if they could do the same thing with other DNA databases. They were able to use their techniques to identify a supposedly anonymous woman whose DNA was stored in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/27528684/1000-genomes-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1,000 Genomes Project\u003c/a>, a National Institutes of Health research database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This technique doesn't only get you criminals,\" Erlich says. \"You can also use this technique for other purposes — maybe purposes that could be illegitimate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that, he says, raises serious questions about privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The police currently [are] using these techniques to find ... [murderers] and bad people,\" Erlich says. \"But are we OK with using this technique to identify people in a political demonstration who left their DNA behind? There are many scenarios that you can think about misuse.\"[contextly_sidebar id=\"EdtIiFNqDOAH81r6zsse3iX6ZCM6PiDN\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some people involved in genealogical forensics defend the use of the techniques to help solves serious crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was excited to see this demonstration that genetic genealogy is so powerful,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.parabon-nanolabs.com/nanolabs/news-events/2015/10/snapshot-ishi-presentation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ellen Greytak\u003c/a>, director of bioinformatics at \u003ca href=\"https://parabon-nanolabs.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Parabon Nanolabs, Inc.\u003c/a>, which helps police solve crimes this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're working on these cases that haven't been able to be solved for decades. They are all either homicide or sexual assault. And some of these are horrific,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Greytak and her colleagues caution that this study suggests the process is easier than it seems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a number of problematic assumptions made in the study that do not reflect the reality of the work I am doing,\" writes \u003ca href=\"http://www.yourgeneticgenealogist.com/p/about-me.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CeCe Moore\u003c/a>, who works with Parabon, in an e-mail. \"The study demonstrates the power of genetic genealogy in a theoretical way, but does not fully capture the challenges of the work in practice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others argue that the findings underscore the need to make sure people know what they're getting into when they provide their genetic information to genealogy services and other databases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you make those decisions to put the genome out in the world it's really hard to dial it back,\" \u003ca href=\"https://its.law.nyu.edu/facultyprofiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=profile.overview&personid=31567\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Erin Murphy\u003c/a>, a professor at the New York University School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And more importantly,\" she says, \"you've made a decision not just for yourself but for your siblings, for your distant cousins, people you don't even know you're related to, for your children, for your children's children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18)31180-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper\u003c/a> published Thursday in the journal \u003cem>Cell\u003c/em> found that it could be possible to link ancestry databases to older law enforcement DNA databases, giving police yet another potential tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were trying to pose the question of whether a newer, more modern system of genetic markers could be tested against the old system and still get matches and find relatives,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/noah-rosenberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Noah Rosenberg\u003c/a>, a biology professor at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking these studies together, some bioethicists and legal experts say they show that it's important to take steps to protect genetic information and make sure people providing DNA samples are aware of the risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can tell people that we can de-identify their data,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.bioethics.nih.gov/people/berkman-bio.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Benjamin Berkman\u003c/a>, a bioethicist at the National Institutes of Health, who was speaking for himself, not NIH. \"We can tell them about all the procedural and technical safeguards that we've put in place to protect the confidentiality of their data. But I don't think we can promise people anonymity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Berkman says, \"it's incumbent on anyone collecting and aggregating and sharing genomic data to be clear exactly how the data will be treated and whether there are any risks to genomic privacy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Erlich proposes that all genetic information be encrypted to protect the information and enable people to explicitly provide consent for using their data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It sounds geeky and complicated, but it's very simple in practice,\" Erlich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Easy+DNA+Identifications+With+Genealogy+Databases+Raise+Privacy+Concerns&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Police in California \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/27/606624218/in-hunt-for-golden-state-killer-investigators-uploaded-his-dna-to-genealogy-site\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">made headlines\u003c/a> this spring when they charged a former police officer with being the Golden State Killer, a man who allegedly committed a series of notorious rapes and murders in the 1970s and '80s.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities revealed they used DNA from a publicly available genealogy website to crack the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, police around the country have started doing the same sort of thing to solve other cold cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That prompted \u003ca href=\"https://www.myheritage.com/management/yaniv_erlich\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yaniv Erlich, \u003c/a>the chief science officer at the Israeli company \u003ca href=\"https://www.myheritage.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">MyHeritage\u003c/a>, to investigate just how easy it is to use public genealogy databases to track down people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We wanted to quantify how powerful this technique is to identify individuals,\" Erlich says. So he and his colleagues analyzed the genomes of 1.28 million people in the company's database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.aau4832\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper \u003c/a>published Thursday in the journal \u003cem>Science\u003c/em>, the researchers projected that they could identify third cousins and more closely related relatives in more than 60 percent of people of European descent. (They chose this group because most people in their database have that ancestry.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's kind of like each person in this database is a beacon that illuminates hundreds of distant relatives,\" Erlich says. \"So it's enough to have your third cousin or your second cousin once-removed in these databases to actually identify you.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when the researchers combined their strategy with other information, such a specific geographic area or the approximate age of a person, they could quickly reduce a list of possibilities to just a few people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Of course, you need the genealogical records. You need to do the work. But you have enough power to to get very close,\" Erlich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that's not all. Erlich estimates that as his and other databases grow, investigators will essentially be able to identify anyone in the United States within that ethnic background within a few years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It seems that very quickly we can get virtually to nearly everyone,\" Erlich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In another part of the study, the researchers went even further to see if they could do the same thing with other DNA databases. They were able to use their techniques to identify a supposedly anonymous woman whose DNA was stored in the \u003ca href=\"https://www.genome.gov/27528684/1000-genomes-project/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1,000 Genomes Project\u003c/a>, a National Institutes of Health research database.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This technique doesn't only get you criminals,\" Erlich says. \"You can also use this technique for other purposes — maybe purposes that could be illegitimate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that, he says, raises serious questions about privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The police currently [are] using these techniques to find ... [murderers] and bad people,\" Erlich says. \"But are we OK with using this technique to identify people in a political demonstration who left their DNA behind? There are many scenarios that you can think about misuse.\"\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some people involved in genealogical forensics defend the use of the techniques to help solves serious crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I was excited to see this demonstration that genetic genealogy is so powerful,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.parabon-nanolabs.com/nanolabs/news-events/2015/10/snapshot-ishi-presentation.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ellen Greytak\u003c/a>, director of bioinformatics at \u003ca href=\"https://parabon-nanolabs.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Parabon Nanolabs, Inc.\u003c/a>, which helps police solve crimes this way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're working on these cases that haven't been able to be solved for decades. They are all either homicide or sexual assault. And some of these are horrific,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Greytak and her colleagues caution that this study suggests the process is easier than it seems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There are a number of problematic assumptions made in the study that do not reflect the reality of the work I am doing,\" writes \u003ca href=\"http://www.yourgeneticgenealogist.com/p/about-me.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CeCe Moore\u003c/a>, who works with Parabon, in an e-mail. \"The study demonstrates the power of genetic genealogy in a theoretical way, but does not fully capture the challenges of the work in practice.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But others argue that the findings underscore the need to make sure people know what they're getting into when they provide their genetic information to genealogy services and other databases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you make those decisions to put the genome out in the world it's really hard to dial it back,\" \u003ca href=\"https://its.law.nyu.edu/facultyprofiles/index.cfm?fuseaction=profile.overview&personid=31567\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Erin Murphy\u003c/a>, a professor at the New York University School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And more importantly,\" she says, \"you've made a decision not just for yourself but for your siblings, for your distant cousins, people you don't even know you're related to, for your children, for your children's children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A second \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18)31180-2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">paper\u003c/a> published Thursday in the journal \u003cem>Cell\u003c/em> found that it could be possible to link ancestry databases to older law enforcement DNA databases, giving police yet another potential tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We were trying to pose the question of whether a newer, more modern system of genetic markers could be tested against the old system and still get matches and find relatives,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://profiles.stanford.edu/noah-rosenberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Noah Rosenberg\u003c/a>, a biology professor at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taking these studies together, some bioethicists and legal experts say they show that it's important to take steps to protect genetic information and make sure people providing DNA samples are aware of the risks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We can tell people that we can de-identify their data,\" says \u003ca href=\"https://www.bioethics.nih.gov/people/berkman-bio.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Benjamin Berkman\u003c/a>, a bioethicist at the National Institutes of Health, who was speaking for himself, not NIH. \"We can tell them about all the procedural and technical safeguards that we've put in place to protect the confidentiality of their data. But I don't think we can promise people anonymity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result, Berkman says, \"it's incumbent on anyone collecting and aggregating and sharing genomic data to be clear exactly how the data will be treated and whether there are any risks to genomic privacy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, Erlich proposes that all genetic information be encrypted to protect the information and enable people to explicitly provide consent for using their data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It sounds geeky and complicated, but it's very simple in practice,\" Erlich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Easy+DNA+Identifications+With+Genealogy+Databases+Raise+Privacy+Concerns&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003ch2>Tech Stocks Take a Plunge\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Investors sold off their tech stocks yesterday, driving the tech-heavy NASDAQ down 4 percent. Facebook closed down 7 percent. Apple and Google were both down about 5 percent. Since the beginning of this month, the NASDAQ is down almost 8 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11698174/immigrants-using-public-benefits-could-be-denied-green-cards-under-new-proposal\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Using Public Benefits Could Prevent Legal Immigrants From Gaining Residency\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Legal immigrants would have a tougher road to become permanent legal residents if they use certain public benefits under a new rule proposed by the Trump administration. In California, home to more immigrants than any other state, the impact could be huge.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Farida Jhabvala Romero\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Los Angeles County Faces Major Uptick in Typhus\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Parts of Los Angeles County are dealing with a major uptick of the flea-borne illness typhus. The L.A. County, Pasadena and Long Beach, health departments have reported more than 90 cases so far this year.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Priska Neely\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11696844/voting-on-emt-breaks-childrens-hospitals-and-dialysis-props-4-8-and-11-explained\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Explaining Prop 11: Lunch Breaks for EMTs\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Proposition 11 is about the EMTs and paramedics who work on ambulances. Under this measure, when paramedics want to take a break to get coffee or lunch, they would have to keep their radios on in case an emergency comes up.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: April Dembosky\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do Young People Care About Voting?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Host John Sepulvado saw a video clip the other day of MSNBC's Jacob Soboroff doing a story from UC Irvine about young people not voting. He would go on to publicly drag Soboroff on Twitter for asking a group of young strangers to talk about something very personal for many people: their votes. And when they didn't respond, using it as an example to prove young people don't care about voting. Soboroff came on the show today to defend that story.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Jacob Soboroff\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>Tech Stocks Take a Plunge\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Investors sold off their tech stocks yesterday, driving the tech-heavy NASDAQ down 4 percent. Facebook closed down 7 percent. Apple and Google were both down about 5 percent. Since the beginning of this month, the NASDAQ is down almost 8 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11698174/immigrants-using-public-benefits-could-be-denied-green-cards-under-new-proposal\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Using Public Benefits Could Prevent Legal Immigrants From Gaining Residency\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Legal immigrants would have a tougher road to become permanent legal residents if they use certain public benefits under a new rule proposed by the Trump administration. In California, home to more immigrants than any other state, the impact could be huge.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Farida Jhabvala Romero\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Los Angeles County Faces Major Uptick in Typhus\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Parts of Los Angeles County are dealing with a major uptick of the flea-borne illness typhus. The L.A. County, Pasadena and Long Beach, health departments have reported more than 90 cases so far this year.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Priska Neely\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11696844/voting-on-emt-breaks-childrens-hospitals-and-dialysis-props-4-8-and-11-explained\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Explaining Prop 11: Lunch Breaks for EMTs\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Proposition 11 is about the EMTs and paramedics who work on ambulances. Under this measure, when paramedics want to take a break to get coffee or lunch, they would have to keep their radios on in case an emergency comes up.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: April Dembosky\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do Young People Care About Voting?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Host John Sepulvado saw a video clip the other day of MSNBC's Jacob Soboroff doing a story from UC Irvine about young people not voting. He would go on to publicly drag Soboroff on Twitter for asking a group of young strangers to talk about something very personal for many people: their votes. And when they didn't respond, using it as an example to prove young people don't care about voting. Soboroff came on the show today to defend that story.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Jacob Soboroff\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Researchers at UC San Francisco have unveiled the largest \u003ca href=\"http://10kimmunomes.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">searchable database\u003c/a> of immunology data, gathered from 10,000 people of various ages, ethnicity, and backgrounds. It could lead to more effective treatments for a wide range of immune disorders.[contextly_sidebar id=”lms9rSPdk5pG72xqgRdVMiGv0hv7IpdH”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new data pool represents the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(18)31451-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">largest control group\u003c/a> ever compiled on the human immune system, according to the study published on Tuesday in the journal, \u003cem>Cell Reports\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Called the \u003ca href=\"http://10kimmunomes.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10,000 Immunomes Project\u003c/a> (10KIP), it’s the culmination of four years of work and provides an instant comparison group for researchers studying the immune system and immune dysfunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF researchers created the tool using immunology data from 83 studies representing 10,000 healthy subjects, according to senior author Atul Butte, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://bakarinstitute.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute\u003c/a> at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If the field of genetics is able to compile large collections consisting of millions of people, why does immunology lag behind?’\u003ccite>Atul Butte, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The data comes from studies on organ transplants, autoimmune disease trials, vaccine studies and other research funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>“We have sub-populations in the U.S. that don’t really participate in studies so why not just gather all this massive data on the immune system in one central place,” says Butte. “We can turn to this data to see what is going on in a healthy immune system spanning different populations in the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butte says the ability to manipulate immune system activity will benefit a wide range of patients, including transplant recipients, cancer and AIDS patients, and those suffering from some form of immune dysfunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Autoimmune Disease (AD) in particular, an historically underfunded field, could benefit greatly from the availability of a large and diverse control group, according to Butte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rise of Autoimmine Disease\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AD is one of the fastest growing illnesses in the U.S., with 20 percent of the population or one in five people, suffering from the disorder.[contextly_sidebar id=”KPqEb6LD9ky4mDsIDJAEnoEvgzkEna45″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite AD being \u003ca href=\"https://www.aarda.org/who-we-are/our-mission/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one of the top 10 leading causes\u003c/a> of death in females up to 64 years of age, research has continued to lag behind, according to Butte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Institutes of Health\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/10/09/voting-on-daylight-saving-time-animal-confinement-and-water-propositions-3-7-and-12-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> has spent\u003c/a> $591 million dollars on AD research compared to the $6.1 billion spent on cancer. Current treatments consist of risky immunosuppressants that can lead to devastating long-term side effects.[contextly_sidebar id=”ZbtYikLAiggPmeNWkxr4kKECzkkjZf4Z”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF researchers developed the new searchable database in part to boost AD research. Typically, studies done on immune systems are smaller and it’s rare to get 10,000 participants, according to Butte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, the human immune system is a moving target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a difficult field to study because unlike DNA for example, your immune system changes from morning to night. So which aspect of the immune system scientists focus on, and \u003cem>when\u003c/em> they study it, these are all problems we are getting better at. We just need more studies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test their new tool, researchers created a custom control group comprised of women between 18 and 40 years of age and compared it to 56 pregnant women who participated in a prior study tracking immune changes during pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using this control group, researchers were able to detect how various immune cells and cell signaling proteins, called cytokines, changed from pre-pregnancy levels— measurements that the original study failed to pick up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also used the new tool to compare immunity in people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds. The findings showed both known differences as well as new information that could only be seen by combining data from dozens of different studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, researchers found that regulatory T cells, which suppress the immune response, are present at higher levels in African Americans, compared to all other groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shareable Science\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butte sees the searchable database as part of a broader trend in science, promoting open access where more scientists are willing to share their raw data with others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really hundreds of people who have essentially contributed to this work,” he notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butte says he hopes his work will bring immunology to the forefront and inspire others to rethink their approach to the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the field of genetics is able to compile large collections consisting of millions of people,” he wonders, “why does immunology lag behind? I want to get people in the field thinking about larger collections of samples that cut across race, age and gender.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers at UC San Francisco have unveiled the largest \u003ca href=\"http://10kimmunomes.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">searchable database\u003c/a> of immunology data, gathered from 10,000 people of various ages, ethnicity, and backgrounds. It could lead to more effective treatments for a wide range of immune disorders.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new data pool represents the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(18)31451-7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">largest control group\u003c/a> ever compiled on the human immune system, according to the study published on Tuesday in the journal, \u003cem>Cell Reports\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Called the \u003ca href=\"http://10kimmunomes.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10,000 Immunomes Project\u003c/a> (10KIP), it’s the culmination of four years of work and provides an instant comparison group for researchers studying the immune system and immune dysfunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF researchers created the tool using immunology data from 83 studies representing 10,000 healthy subjects, according to senior author Atul Butte, director of the \u003ca href=\"http://bakarinstitute.ucsf.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute\u003c/a> at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘If the field of genetics is able to compile large collections consisting of millions of people, why does immunology lag behind?’\u003ccite>Atul Butte, UCSF\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The data comes from studies on organ transplants, autoimmune disease trials, vaccine studies and other research funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID).\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv>\n\u003cp>“We have sub-populations in the U.S. that don’t really participate in studies so why not just gather all this massive data on the immune system in one central place,” says Butte. “We can turn to this data to see what is going on in a healthy immune system spanning different populations in the U.S.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butte says the ability to manipulate immune system activity will benefit a wide range of patients, including transplant recipients, cancer and AIDS patients, and those suffering from some form of immune dysfunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Autoimmune Disease (AD) in particular, an historically underfunded field, could benefit greatly from the availability of a large and diverse control group, according to Butte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rise of Autoimmine Disease\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AD is one of the fastest growing illnesses in the U.S., with 20 percent of the population or one in five people, suffering from the disorder.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite AD being \u003ca href=\"https://www.aarda.org/who-we-are/our-mission/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">one of the top 10 leading causes\u003c/a> of death in females up to 64 years of age, research has continued to lag behind, according to Butte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Institutes of Health\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/2018/10/09/voting-on-daylight-saving-time-animal-confinement-and-water-propositions-3-7-and-12-explained/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> has spent\u003c/a> $591 million dollars on AD research compared to the $6.1 billion spent on cancer. Current treatments consist of risky immunosuppressants that can lead to devastating long-term side effects.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF researchers developed the new searchable database in part to boost AD research. Typically, studies done on immune systems are smaller and it’s rare to get 10,000 participants, according to Butte.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, the human immune system is a moving target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a difficult field to study because unlike DNA for example, your immune system changes from morning to night. So which aspect of the immune system scientists focus on, and \u003cem>when\u003c/em> they study it, these are all problems we are getting better at. We just need more studies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To test their new tool, researchers created a custom control group comprised of women between 18 and 40 years of age and compared it to 56 pregnant women who participated in a prior study tracking immune changes during pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Using this control group, researchers were able to detect how various immune cells and cell signaling proteins, called cytokines, changed from pre-pregnancy levels— measurements that the original study failed to pick up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers also used the new tool to compare immunity in people from different racial and ethnic backgrounds. The findings showed both known differences as well as new information that could only be seen by combining data from dozens of different studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, researchers found that regulatory T cells, which suppress the immune response, are present at higher levels in African Americans, compared to all other groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shareable Science\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butte sees the searchable database as part of a broader trend in science, promoting open access where more scientists are willing to share their raw data with others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s really hundreds of people who have essentially contributed to this work,” he notes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butte says he hopes his work will bring immunology to the forefront and inspire others to rethink their approach to the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If the field of genetics is able to compile large collections consisting of millions of people,” he wonders, “why does immunology lag behind? I want to get people in the field thinking about larger collections of samples that cut across race, age and gender.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "some-apps-may-help-curb-insomnia-others-just-put-you-to-sleep",
"title": "Some Apps May Help Curb Insomnia, Others Just Put You To Sleep",
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"content": "\u003cp>Paige Thesing has struggled with insomnia since high school. “It takes me a really long time to fall asleep — about four hours,” she says. For years, her mornings were groggy and involved a “lot of coffee.”[contextly_sidebar id=”SWkBBNCnUWhPf7KOuvUyV7If0Ca3ug47”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a year of trying sleep medication prescribed by her doctor, she turned to the internet for alternate solutions. About four months ago, she settled on a mobile phone meditation app called \u003ca href=\"https://www.inscape.life/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">INSCAPE\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s about a 30-minute soundtrack, and it starts with a woman kind of telling you to relax and instructing your breathing,” explains Thesing. “Then it goes into sounds — relaxing noises. There’s wind chimes, some atmospheric music playing…”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She uses the app every night and falls asleep within 15 or 20 minutes. “So, definitely a big improvement from four hours,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thesing is not alone. Chronic insomnia affects an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.ajmc.com/journals/supplement/2006/2006-05-vol12-n8suppl/may06-2307ps214-s220\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10-15 percent of adults\u003c/a>, and another 25-35 percent struggle with sleep issues occasionally. And like Thesing, a growing number of insomniacs are turning to mobile phone apps to lull them to sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NPRHealth/status/1046884648167624711\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter\u003c/a> and Facebook, NPR asked its audience if they have used a mobile phone app to help manage insomnia. Nearly 100 people wrote back suggesting a range of apps, including podcasts created to put a listener to sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are usually relaxation strategies, white noise, meditation,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/faculty-profiles/az/profile.html?xid=35378\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jason Ong\u003c/a>, an associate professor of neurology specializing in sleep at Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine. He studies non-pharmacological treatments for various sleep disorders and treats patients at the university’s Sleep Medicine clinic. “It’s not that there’s something wrong with those apps. It’s a reasonable first thing to try.”[contextly_sidebar id=”ljN7S8LuvqENw8QrvBPFbhASn6EIv1oE”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he adds, these kinds of apps aren’t based on scientifically-proven solutions, and they don’t really fix the problem of why someone is not sleeping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ong wanted to do something about that, so a few years ago, he consulted for a team that developed an app that uses a science-based approach to address insomnia called \u003ca href=\"https://www.sleepio.com/cbt-for-insomnia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sleepio\u003c/a>. (However, he doesn’t have any ongoing financial interest in the product, he says.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleepio and a few other apps like \u003ca href=\"http://www.myshuti.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SHUT-i\u003c/a> and a free one developed by the Veterans Administration use the most sustainable and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15451764\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence-based\u003c/a> solution for insomnia. It’s a kind of therapy called Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia — \u003ca href=\"https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-news/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-insomnia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CBT-I\u003c/a> for short, he says. It helps the patient understand the biology of sleep and gives them a bag of tools and tricks to change their own thought patterns and behaviors to treat their underlying sleep issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CBT for insomnia is a specific package … [that] includes different techniques like spending less time in bed [and] what to do if you are in bed and can’t sleep,” says Ong. “It’s teaching you how to change your behavior to better work with your brain to give you confidence that you’re going to be able to sleep on a regular basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may be surprising to us, but our own thought patterns and sleep habits \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3621793/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">affect our biology\u003c/a>, in this case how our brains regulate sleep. “If you modify some of your behaviors, you can work better with how your brain regulates sleep and wake,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American College of Physicians \u003ca href=\"https://www.acponline.org/acp-newsroom/acp-recommends-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-as-initial-treatment-for-chronic-insomnia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first recommended\u003c/a> Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia as the first-line treatment for insomnia in 2016. “The evidence is quite strong to support the effectiveness of CBT-I treatment and there really aren’t a lot of side effects,” says Ong. And, because it changes behavior, “in the long run CBT-I tends to perform quite well in maintaining the benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past the only way for people to get Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia was to see a therapist, now they can access the therapy on their mobile phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Sleepio, it’s like an avatar of a real therapist that’s walking the patient through that process,” explains Ong. Sleepio also allows users to keep a sleep diary so the app can use its algorithm to suggest a better bedtime schedule. It also reminds people to get up when they’ve spent too much time in bed trying to fall asleep, for example.[contextly_sidebar id=”wEwpbDeWifEPnKULBpzGtSdpZ0ZUBzcu”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like a real therapist, the apps that use Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Insomnia also provide practical tools to help the user worry less about their sleep and over time, be less anxious and more confident about their ability get a good night’s rest. “It’s very similar to what we do face-to-face with patients,” adds Ong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5427093/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Studies show\u003c/a> that CBT-I delivered digitally through mobile phone apps is effective in treating insomnia. And a \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2704019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent study\u003c/a> of Sleepio by Ong and the team that developed the product found that participants who used the product reported an improvement in insomnia symptoms and overall wellbeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an impressive study in size and scope,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.johntorousmd.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Torous\u003c/a>, the director of digital psychiatry at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. “But like any study, we have to interpret it within reason.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The participants in the study were mostly white and female, he notes, and so it’s hard to generalize the findings to the larger population. And, he adds that the study was designed and funded by Big Health, the company that created the app and is now marketing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, Sleepio is only available on a limited basis. You can get it through employers, health insurance and national health systems at the moment, says Mike Radocchia, the marketing and business development lead at Big Health. Although the company does give it to researchers and charities for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while apps that use Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Insomnia cost less than in-person therapy, they can be pricey. A 26-week subscription of SHUTi \u003ca href=\"http://www.myshuti.com/shuti-pricing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">costs $149\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Torous often directs his patients with insomnia to a free app developed by the Veterans Administration called \u003ca href=\"https://mobile.va.gov/app/cbt-i-coach\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CBT-I Coach\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anyone can access it. You don’t have to be a veteran,” Torous says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nextbreathcounseling.com/credentials/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jake Hanks\u003c/a>, a mental health counselor based in Glenwood Springs, Colorado, agrees. “CBT-I Coach would be my absolute favorite,” he says. “It includes a lot of the cognitive restructuring, the true things about sleep that we want patients to keep in mind.” And so, he too, recommends the free app to his patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Torous notes that these apps don’t work for everyone. The recent study by Ong and his colleagues hints at why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even in this clinical study, less than 50 percent [of people who were assigned to use the app in a randomized controlled trial] are able to make it through the entire course of CBT delivered through digital platforms,” he notes. “For some people it may be hard to make it through all the sessions of CBT.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is true of most health and wellness apps, he says. Torous \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2616170\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has studied\u003c/a> this and found that of the 10,000 mental health apps out there, very few are actually being used. “I don’t think we really understand how people are using technology towards their health and recovery,” he notes.[contextly_sidebar id=”LqkvTN1dfENdC3n50jRUdIl6PSPHOHGb”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in some ways, he says, people with insomnia may be ahead of scientists in figuring out what works well for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you find something that works [for you], I think that’s always a good first step,” he says. “Quick fixes or simple solutions may get you feeling better right away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he notes, insomnia is a complex disorder with many underlying causes. Sometimes it can be caused by a medical condition that’s easily treatable, like a thyroid problem, he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, no matter what app you are considering, always talk to your doctor about your sleep issues, he advises. “Until you know the diagnosis or what you’re working with, you don’t want to start treating something that’s not what you think it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Some+Apps+May+Help+Curb+Insomnia%2C+Others+Just+Put+You+To+Sleep&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Paige Thesing has struggled with insomnia since high school. “It takes me a really long time to fall asleep — about four hours,” she says. For years, her mornings were groggy and involved a “lot of coffee.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a year of trying sleep medication prescribed by her doctor, she turned to the internet for alternate solutions. About four months ago, she settled on a mobile phone meditation app called \u003ca href=\"https://www.inscape.life/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">INSCAPE\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s about a 30-minute soundtrack, and it starts with a woman kind of telling you to relax and instructing your breathing,” explains Thesing. “Then it goes into sounds — relaxing noises. There’s wind chimes, some atmospheric music playing…”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She uses the app every night and falls asleep within 15 or 20 minutes. “So, definitely a big improvement from four hours,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thesing is not alone. Chronic insomnia affects an estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.ajmc.com/journals/supplement/2006/2006-05-vol12-n8suppl/may06-2307ps214-s220\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">10-15 percent of adults\u003c/a>, and another 25-35 percent struggle with sleep issues occasionally. And like Thesing, a growing number of insomniacs are turning to mobile phone apps to lull them to sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/NPRHealth/status/1046884648167624711\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Twitter\u003c/a> and Facebook, NPR asked its audience if they have used a mobile phone app to help manage insomnia. Nearly 100 people wrote back suggesting a range of apps, including podcasts created to put a listener to sleep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These are usually relaxation strategies, white noise, meditation,” \u003ca href=\"https://www.feinberg.northwestern.edu/faculty-profiles/az/profile.html?xid=35378\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jason Ong\u003c/a>, an associate professor of neurology specializing in sleep at Northwestern University’s Feinberg School of Medicine. He studies non-pharmacological treatments for various sleep disorders and treats patients at the university’s Sleep Medicine clinic. “It’s not that there’s something wrong with those apps. It’s a reasonable first thing to try.”\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he adds, these kinds of apps aren’t based on scientifically-proven solutions, and they don’t really fix the problem of why someone is not sleeping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ong wanted to do something about that, so a few years ago, he consulted for a team that developed an app that uses a science-based approach to address insomnia called \u003ca href=\"https://www.sleepio.com/cbt-for-insomnia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sleepio\u003c/a>. (However, he doesn’t have any ongoing financial interest in the product, he says.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sleepio and a few other apps like \u003ca href=\"http://www.myshuti.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">SHUT-i\u003c/a> and a free one developed by the Veterans Administration use the most sustainable and \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15451764\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evidence-based\u003c/a> solution for insomnia. It’s a kind of therapy called Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia — \u003ca href=\"https://www.sleepfoundation.org/sleep-news/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-insomnia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CBT-I\u003c/a> for short, he says. It helps the patient understand the biology of sleep and gives them a bag of tools and tricks to change their own thought patterns and behaviors to treat their underlying sleep issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“CBT for insomnia is a specific package … [that] includes different techniques like spending less time in bed [and] what to do if you are in bed and can’t sleep,” says Ong. “It’s teaching you how to change your behavior to better work with your brain to give you confidence that you’re going to be able to sleep on a regular basis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It may be surprising to us, but our own thought patterns and sleep habits \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3621793/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">affect our biology\u003c/a>, in this case how our brains regulate sleep. “If you modify some of your behaviors, you can work better with how your brain regulates sleep and wake,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American College of Physicians \u003ca href=\"https://www.acponline.org/acp-newsroom/acp-recommends-cognitive-behavioral-therapy-as-initial-treatment-for-chronic-insomnia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">first recommended\u003c/a> Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia as the first-line treatment for insomnia in 2016. “The evidence is quite strong to support the effectiveness of CBT-I treatment and there really aren’t a lot of side effects,” says Ong. And, because it changes behavior, “in the long run CBT-I tends to perform quite well in maintaining the benefits.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past the only way for people to get Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia was to see a therapist, now they can access the therapy on their mobile phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Sleepio, it’s like an avatar of a real therapist that’s walking the patient through that process,” explains Ong. Sleepio also allows users to keep a sleep diary so the app can use its algorithm to suggest a better bedtime schedule. It also reminds people to get up when they’ve spent too much time in bed trying to fall asleep, for example.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like a real therapist, the apps that use Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Insomnia also provide practical tools to help the user worry less about their sleep and over time, be less anxious and more confident about their ability get a good night’s rest. “It’s very similar to what we do face-to-face with patients,” adds Ong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5427093/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Studies show\u003c/a> that CBT-I delivered digitally through mobile phone apps is effective in treating insomnia. And a \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2704019\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent study\u003c/a> of Sleepio by Ong and the team that developed the product found that participants who used the product reported an improvement in insomnia symptoms and overall wellbeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an impressive study in size and scope,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.johntorousmd.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">John Torous\u003c/a>, the director of digital psychiatry at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. “But like any study, we have to interpret it within reason.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The participants in the study were mostly white and female, he notes, and so it’s hard to generalize the findings to the larger population. And, he adds that the study was designed and funded by Big Health, the company that created the app and is now marketing it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, Sleepio is only available on a limited basis. You can get it through employers, health insurance and national health systems at the moment, says Mike Radocchia, the marketing and business development lead at Big Health. Although the company does give it to researchers and charities for free.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And while apps that use Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Insomnia cost less than in-person therapy, they can be pricey. A 26-week subscription of SHUTi \u003ca href=\"http://www.myshuti.com/shuti-pricing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">costs $149\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Torous often directs his patients with insomnia to a free app developed by the Veterans Administration called \u003ca href=\"https://mobile.va.gov/app/cbt-i-coach\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CBT-I Coach\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Anyone can access it. You don’t have to be a veteran,” Torous says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nextbreathcounseling.com/credentials/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Jake Hanks\u003c/a>, a mental health counselor based in Glenwood Springs, Colorado, agrees. “CBT-I Coach would be my absolute favorite,” he says. “It includes a lot of the cognitive restructuring, the true things about sleep that we want patients to keep in mind.” And so, he too, recommends the free app to his patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, Torous notes that these apps don’t work for everyone. The recent study by Ong and his colleagues hints at why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Even in this clinical study, less than 50 percent [of people who were assigned to use the app in a randomized controlled trial] are able to make it through the entire course of CBT delivered through digital platforms,” he notes. “For some people it may be hard to make it through all the sessions of CBT.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is true of most health and wellness apps, he says. Torous \u003ca href=\"https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2616170\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has studied\u003c/a> this and found that of the 10,000 mental health apps out there, very few are actually being used. “I don’t think we really understand how people are using technology towards their health and recovery,” he notes.\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in some ways, he says, people with insomnia may be ahead of scientists in figuring out what works well for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you find something that works [for you], I think that’s always a good first step,” he says. “Quick fixes or simple solutions may get you feeling better right away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he notes, insomnia is a complex disorder with many underlying causes. Sometimes it can be caused by a medical condition that’s easily treatable, like a thyroid problem, he adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, no matter what app you are considering, always talk to your doctor about your sleep issues, he advises. “Until you know the diagnosis or what you’re working with, you don’t want to start treating something that’s not what you think it is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Some+Apps+May+Help+Curb+Insomnia%2C+Others+Just+Put+You+To+Sleep&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003ch2>How is San Diego's District Attorney Handling an Uptick in Fentanyl Overdoses?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There's a marked increase of drug overdoses in Southern California. This includes five overdoses involving drug users who ingested cocaine laced with fentanyl. The overall numbers are hazy, in large part because the overdoses are from party drugs spiked with fentanyl.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: San Diego DA Summer Stephan\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11696946/judge-appoints-monitor-to-ensure-safe-conditions-for-kids-in-immigration-custody\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Judge Appoints Monitor to Ensure Safety of Detained Migrant Children\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in Los Angeles has appointed an independent monitor to ensure the government provides humane and safe treatment of migrant children in its care.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Julie Small\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11696756/is-rep-devin-nunes-at-war-with-his-local-newspaper\">Is Congressman Devin Nunes at War With His Local Newspaper?\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This week, some residents in Republican Rep. Devin Nunes' Central Valley district received a piece of political campaign mail that was unlike your typical mailer asking for donations. It's a 38-page, full-size color magazine titled “The Fresno Bees: The dirty little secrets of the Valley’s propaganda machine.”\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Alex Hall\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cracking Down on Political Corruption in Merced County Doesn't Come Easy\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Two years ago in Merced County, the local district attorney did what’s almost unheard of in small communities across the state. He charged two prominent local leaders with bribery. But cracking down on political corruption isn't actually so easy.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Brian Krans\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>2016 Twitter Propaganda Continues to Be a Problem in 2018\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>With just a over a month until the midterm elections, YouTube, Facebook and Twitter continue to struggle with propaganda on their sites. A new study about Twitter finds that many of the problems during the 2016 election still exist today.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Sam Harnett\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How Do You Keep Preschoolers From Being Expelled?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Kids in preschool are three times as likely to be expelled than those in K-12. Gov. Brown recently signed into law a measure that aims to keep those little ones in class by helping preschools hire mental health consultants.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: April Dembosky\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Year After Deadly North Bay Wildfires\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A year ago today, the North Bay wildfires erupted in California's wine country. The Tubbs fire alone destroyed more than 5,000 homes and buildings and killed 22 people. In commemoration, we bring you the story of one man who devotes his time to helping people who lost their homes instead of rebuilding his own.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Hope McKenney\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"title": "SOLD OUT: Rethinking Housing in America",
"tagline": "A new future for housing",
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"tagline": "True-life supernatural stories",
"info": "",
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