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"content": "\u003cp>Instagram is rolling out a feature that will urge users to think twice before posting hateful comments, in an effort to minimize cyberbullying on the massive social media platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new feature uses artificial intelligence to screen content and notify users if their post may be harmful or offensive. Users will see a message: \"Are you sure you want to post this?\" They will then have the option to remove or change the comment before anyone else is able to see it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Hate Speech Online\" tag=\"hate-speech\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Early tests of this feature found that some users are less likely to post harmful comments once they've had a chance to reflect on their post, Instagram chief Adam Mosseri wrote \u003ca href=\"https://instagram-press.com/blog/2019/07/08/our-commitment-to-lead-the-fight-against-online-bullying/\">in a blog post\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gmail has a similar feature that gives users 30 seconds to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/06/24/417117823/gmail-now-features-a-way-to-ease-senders-remorse\">cancel an email\u003c/a> after pressing send.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other social media platforms have made attempts to monitor the type of content allowed on their platforms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter has started to flag hateful or \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/06/27/736668003/twitter-adds-warning-label-for-offensive-political-tweets\">offensive tweets from politicians\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11759935/twitter-bans-dehumanizing-speech-toward-religious-groups-but-not-racial-groups-yet\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">on Tuesday announced\u003c/a> it will now prohibit hate speech targeting religious groups by using dehumanizing language, a ban it says may extend to other categories like race and gender. Facebook has \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/03/719897599/facebook-bans-alex-jones-louis-farrakhan-and-other-dangerous-individuals\">banned some white supremacists\u003c/a> and other accounts for hateful or offensive posts. But there is no hard-and-fast rule for what these platforms are expected to restrict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monitoring harmful content on social media is challenging. Justin Patchin, co-director of the Cyberbullying Research Center, says he works with different platforms that are trying to find a solution to this problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With massive amounts of content being created every second, Instagram is just one of the companies attempting to use AI to monitor posts. Both Facebook and Twitter have tried to use the technology in the past. 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ReThink was\u003ca href=\"https://abcnews.go.com/Lifestyle/15-year-olds-rethink-app-aims-prevent-cyberbullying/story?id=33329748\"> praised for its innovation\u003c/a>, but Patchin says solutions need to be incorporated into already widely trafficked platforms to be the most effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patchin says these big social companies are moving in the right direction and are getting closer to finding a method for monitoring harmful content and cyberbullying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Companies have devoted a lot of energy to refining these systems, and they're getting better every year,\" he said. \"They do have a responsibility and obligation to lead the way and at least experiment with these kinds of technologies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instagram has plans to continue beefing up its safety features and will soon introduce a \"restrict\" feature, which allows users to filter content from specific accounts without blocking them. 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"content": "\u003cp>Twitter now prohibits hate speech that targets religious groups by using dehumanizing language, a ban it says may extend to other categories like race and gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Rashad Robinson, the president of online racial justice group Color of Change']'Twitter's failure to ban all forms of dehumanization immediately casts doubt on the company's commitment to fully stopping hate on the platform.'[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social network already bars hateful language directed at individual religious adherents. It also bans hate speech on the basis of someone's race, gender and other categories. Tuesday's change \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2019/hatefulconductupdate.html\">broadens the hate speech rule\u003c/a> to forbid likening entire religious groups to subhumans or vermin, without targeting a specific individual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter, along with YouTube and Facebook, has been under fire for the prevalence of harassment and hate on its service. Twitter's latest update came after users wrote in thousands of responses when the company asked for suggestions on how to expand its hate speech policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11760028\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/dehumanizationreligion.png.img_.fullhd.medium.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11760028\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/dehumanizationreligion.png.img_.fullhd.medium.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1195\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/dehumanizationreligion.png.img_.fullhd.medium.png 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/dehumanizationreligion.png.img_.fullhd.medium-160x93.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/dehumanizationreligion.png.img_.fullhd.medium-800x467.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/dehumanizationreligion.png.img_.fullhd.medium-1020x595.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/dehumanizationreligion.png.img_.fullhd.medium-1200x700.png 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/dehumanizationreligion.png.img_.fullhd.medium-1920x1120.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Twitter provided examples of tweets that will be removed when reported. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Twitter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The company says it may also ban similar language aimed at other groups such as those defined by gender, race and sexual orientation, but it has not done so yet, sparking criticism from civil rights groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11757697,news_11757416,news_11702239' label='Related Coverage']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter's failure to ban all forms of dehumanization immediately casts doubt on the company's commitment to fully stopping hate on the platform,\" said Rashad Robinson, the president of online racial justice group Color of Change, in a statement. \"It's no secret that Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey and other Silicon Valley leaders have been reluctant to stamp out discrimination and misinformation for fear of a conservative backlash.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/communitystandards/hate_speech\">similar policy\u003c/a> banning dehumanizing speech, \"statements of inferiority\" and attacks against people or groups who share protected characteristics such as race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, caste or religious affiliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2801939?hl=en\">YouTube's policy\u003c/a> also bans material that promotes \"violence or hatred\" against individuals or groups based on categories such as age, disability, race, immigration status among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Twitter now prohibits hate speech that targets religious groups by using dehumanizing language, a ban it says may extend to other categories like race and gender.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "'Twitter's failure to ban all forms of dehumanization immediately casts doubt on the company's commitment to fully stopping hate on the platform.'",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The social network already bars hateful language directed at individual religious adherents. It also bans hate speech on the basis of someone's race, gender and other categories. Tuesday's change \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/en_us/topics/company/2019/hatefulconductupdate.html\">broadens the hate speech rule\u003c/a> to forbid likening entire religious groups to subhumans or vermin, without targeting a specific individual.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter, along with YouTube and Facebook, has been under fire for the prevalence of harassment and hate on its service. Twitter's latest update came after users wrote in thousands of responses when the company asked for suggestions on how to expand its hate speech policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11760028\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2048px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/dehumanizationreligion.png.img_.fullhd.medium.png\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11760028\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/dehumanizationreligion.png.img_.fullhd.medium.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"2048\" height=\"1195\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/dehumanizationreligion.png.img_.fullhd.medium.png 2048w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/dehumanizationreligion.png.img_.fullhd.medium-160x93.png 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/dehumanizationreligion.png.img_.fullhd.medium-800x467.png 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/dehumanizationreligion.png.img_.fullhd.medium-1020x595.png 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/dehumanizationreligion.png.img_.fullhd.medium-1200x700.png 1200w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/dehumanizationreligion.png.img_.fullhd.medium-1920x1120.png 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Twitter provided examples of tweets that will be removed when reported. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Twitter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The company says it may also ban similar language aimed at other groups such as those defined by gender, race and sexual orientation, but it has not done so yet, sparking criticism from civil rights groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter's failure to ban all forms of dehumanization immediately casts doubt on the company's commitment to fully stopping hate on the platform,\" said Rashad Robinson, the president of online racial justice group Color of Change, in a statement. \"It's no secret that Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey and other Silicon Valley leaders have been reluctant to stamp out discrimination and misinformation for fear of a conservative backlash.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/communitystandards/hate_speech\">similar policy\u003c/a> banning dehumanizing speech, \"statements of inferiority\" and attacks against people or groups who share protected characteristics such as race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, caste or religious affiliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://support.google.com/youtube/answer/2801939?hl=en\">YouTube's policy\u003c/a> also bans material that promotes \"violence or hatred\" against individuals or groups based on categories such as age, disability, race, immigration status among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>When two major earthquakes rattled the Mojave Desert this past weekend, Los Angeles residents didn’t receive an alert — prompting a public outcry for local officials to reassess and update the county’s local earthquake warning system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system currently in place, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715793/la-now-has-an-earthquake-alert-app-to-warn-us-before-the-big-one-hits\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an app for L.A. County called “ShakeAlert,”\u003c/a> is programmed to send out notifications only when a 5.0 or higher magnitude earthquake is detected within the county, or if there’s intense shaking from a smaller tremor. Although at their epicenters, the magnitudes of the Ridgecrest and Trona earthquakes measured 6.4 and 7.1, respectively, the shaking detected within L.A. still fell below the system’s threshold.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/LACity/status/1146853301939347456\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We got warnings here in the lab,” Dr. Lucy Jones, a research associate at Caltech’s Seismological Laboratory, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101872052/early-earthquake-warning-systems-fail-for-southern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on KQED’s Forum \u003c/a>on Monday. “But the decision had been made that the public version should be set at a higher threshold because they were concerned about false alarms at lower levels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11759431,news_11759142' label='KQEDs coverage of recent earthquakes']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials now plan to lower the magnitude threshold for when notifications are sent out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this change is probably going to make us be able to meet the needs of the community,” said Leslie Luke, deputy director of L.A. County’s Office of Emergency Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan to implement a lower threshold has been in the works for some time, according to a spokesperson for L.A. Mayor Eric Garcetti, who noted that more details are expected to be announced later this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a statewide level, Jones said, there are two separate issues to tackle: expanding the network of seismometers to alert scientists when an earthquake is underway, and then actually delivering that information to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is currently spending more than $16 million to install quake-detecting sensors throughout the state, and is aiming to spend $25 million more, with funding made available in Gov. Gavin Newsom’s recently approved budget, Michael Cabanatuan, a staff writer at the San Francisco Chronicle, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101872052/early-earthquake-warning-systems-fail-for-southern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on Forum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11755431,news_10840324,news_145659' label='Are You Prepared for the Next Quake?']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, a warning system like the one L.A. uses might not be as effective in the Bay Area, Cabanatuan said, noting that San Francisco and a number of East Bay cities are located directly on faults, and the closer a sensor is to an earthquake’s epicenter, the less warning time people there receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, scientists say last week’s quakes should serve as a wake-up call for Californians living on or near the San Andreas Fault to be prepared for the long-dreaded “Big One.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been a very quiet time in California, especially Southern California,” Jones said about the lack of significant earthquakes in California over the past few decades. “It’s not that we can tell you when the next one is, but we can say that the last 20 years was abnormal. Don’t expect that to be what the next 20 years looks like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press, KQED’s Forum and The California Report’s Benjamin Gottlieb contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>When two major earthquakes rattled the Mojave Desert this past weekend, Los Angeles residents didn’t receive an alert — prompting a public outcry for local officials to reassess and update the county’s local earthquake warning system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The system currently in place, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11715793/la-now-has-an-earthquake-alert-app-to-warn-us-before-the-big-one-hits\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an app for L.A. County called “ShakeAlert,”\u003c/a> is programmed to send out notifications only when a 5.0 or higher magnitude earthquake is detected within the county, or if there’s intense shaking from a smaller tremor. Although at their epicenters, the magnitudes of the Ridgecrest and Trona earthquakes measured 6.4 and 7.1, respectively, the shaking detected within L.A. still fell below the system’s threshold.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials now plan to lower the magnitude threshold for when notifications are sent out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think this change is probably going to make us be able to meet the needs of the community,” said Leslie Luke, deputy director of L.A. County’s Office of Emergency Management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan to implement a lower threshold has been in the works for some time, according to a spokesperson for L.A. Mayor Eric Garcetti, who noted that more details are expected to be announced later this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On a statewide level, Jones said, there are two separate issues to tackle: expanding the network of seismometers to alert scientists when an earthquake is underway, and then actually delivering that information to people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is currently spending more than $16 million to install quake-detecting sensors throughout the state, and is aiming to spend $25 million more, with funding made available in Gov. Gavin Newsom’s recently approved budget, Michael Cabanatuan, a staff writer at the San Francisco Chronicle, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101872052/early-earthquake-warning-systems-fail-for-southern-california\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on Forum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, a warning system like the one L.A. uses might not be as effective in the Bay Area, Cabanatuan said, noting that San Francisco and a number of East Bay cities are located directly on faults, and the closer a sensor is to an earthquake’s epicenter, the less warning time people there receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nonetheless, scientists say last week’s quakes should serve as a wake-up call for Californians living on or near the San Andreas Fault to be prepared for the long-dreaded “Big One.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has been a very quiet time in California, especially Southern California,” Jones said about the lack of significant earthquakes in California over the past few decades. “It’s not that we can tell you when the next one is, but we can say that the last 20 years was abnormal. Don’t expect that to be what the next 20 years looks like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The Associated Press, KQED’s Forum and The California Report’s Benjamin Gottlieb contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>You may have noticed a growing number of retailers threatening to make deliveries by drone in the near future. \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/e0fcf74b9a9d46d1a7c57463cf6f668c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-drone-alphabet/faa-paves-way-for-alphabet-unit-to-make-first-u-s-drone-deliveries-idUSKCN1RZ25N\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-12/uber-announces-plans-to-deliver-big-macs-by-drone-this-summer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uber\u003c/a> and others have all been developing their own systems, and while the technology might not be there quite yet, experts say it will be soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID='news_11755751,news_11742154,news_11660802' label='The Future of Drone Delivery']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As those threats become reality, who’s going to manage all of that potential chaos in the skies above us? Well, the agency that already manages American airspace: the Federal Aviation Administration. Eventually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, researchers at \u003ca href=\"https://utm.arc.nasa.gov/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Ames\u003c/a> in Mountain View are developing the air traffic management system to make it possible for Amazon to deliver pizza to your neighbor without harming you in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unmanned aircraft systems are already in the skies for all sorts of uses, including law enforcement, search and rescue, firefighting, agriculture, medical supply delivery, moviemaking, journalism and even real estate. But these are limited-use cases compared to the hundreds of thousands of commercially owned vehicles expected to take to the skies when retailers and restaurants are given the go-ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA Ames researchers in Mountain View are imagining something akin to what air traffic controllers do for passenger planes, but with cloud-based software. They’ve been working on this concept since 2015, and conducted multi-drone tests this year in Nevada and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11759484\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11759484\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Drone operators everywhere will be able to log into a cloud-based software system NASA Ames researchers are prototyping now. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1397\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut-800x582.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut-1020x742.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut-1200x873.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drone operators everywhere will be able to log into a cloud-based software system NASA Ames researchers are prototyping now. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Don Richey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To start with, NASA Ames researcher Abhay Borade explained, every drone operator will have to log in with a plan for every flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That volume, that area, that time and space, altitude. Then the system will check it against various parameters. Are you flying in a restricted air space? Are you in a national park? You’ll get a message back either that you’re accepted or rejected,” Borade said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the drone is airborne, its operator can track it on the software. The system communicates in real time what the drone is encountering after it leaves the operator’s line of sight: buildings, birds, bad weather and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a presumption the unexpected can and will happen, but it’s the drone operator’s responsibility to decide how to manage risk, at least, outside of a law enforcement emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In such a case, package delivery drone operators would be ordered to vacate the affected area, according to Ron Johnson, project manager for the unmanned aircraft systems traffic management project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11759487\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11759487\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The concept of urban air mobility involves multiple aircraft safely operating within a city. (Yellow circles are vehicles with passengers; pink circles are vehicles without passengers.)\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1126\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-800x601.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-1200x901.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The concept of urban air mobility involves multiple aircraft safely operating within a city. (Yellow circles are vehicles with passengers; pink circles are vehicles without passengers.) \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What happens if a drone operator refuses to comply? Or behaves badly in a myriad of other ways? The software can easily identify drones gone rogue, and it maintains records of the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='small' align='right' citation='Ron Johnson, project manager at NASA Ames']‘We’re doing everything now that we’re required to. The companies themselves, it’s in their interest to keep their drones from being hijacked or fouled with.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While NASA lays the technical groundwork for this brave new world, there will be plenty of opportunity for new rules and regulations to keep bad actors in line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not going to happen all at once. When the FAA allows more and more operations, I think there’ll be constraints put on [drone traffic],” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s not just talking about the FAA establishing rules. Software can manage a nearly infinite variety of local and regional rules, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s say the good citizens of Mountain View — who already live in an area full of loud noises — don’t want drones buzzing on top of all that. Or perhaps they decide to geo-fence certain areas, and require drone traffic to travel or land in prescribed zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11759489\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 985px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11759489\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38013_tcl4-v3-qut.jpg\" alt=\"An artist's rendering of Las Vegas, Nevada, with commercial delivery drones flying about.\" width=\"985\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38013_tcl4-v3-qut.jpg 985w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38013_tcl4-v3-qut-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38013_tcl4-v3-qut-800x518.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist’s rendering of Las Vegas, Nevada, with commercial delivery drones flying about. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As of now, in the U.S., FAA rules state that delivery-style drones must weigh less than 55 pounds and fly up to a ceiling of 400 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From my experience, if a drone is flying 400 feet above, you hardly hear it,” Johnson said. “Mountain View may say, ‘OK, you can fly a drone, but it can’t be below 300 feet.’ That type of constraint would be embedded into the system here. So that when somebody proposes flying at 200 feet, that plan is going to get rejected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens if a hacker gets into the system, or into the drones? Johnson professes to have a high degree of confidence that won’t happen. “We’re doing everything now that we’re required to. The companies themselves, it’s in their interest to keep their drones from being hijacked or fouled with,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Ron Johnson, project manager at NASA Ames']‘Right now, they already are soliciting public feedback for rules for flying over people. It’s perhaps less than a decade, but more than a couple of years [away].’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when will you get a pizza delivered by drone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short answer: Not soon, even though the FAA has recently allowed a handful of companies to test drone delivery programs in urban and rural areas, and has even gone so far as to certify Alphabet’s Wing Aviation to operate as an airline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While more than 50 countries belong to Joint Authorities for Rulemaking of Unmanned Systems, a final set of standards has yet to be agreed upon. Johnson anticipates other countries are looking to the U.S. to take the lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to say, “We finish our major testing this summer. It will take us several months to document what we found and then the FAA gets into their processes. Right now, they already are soliciting public feedback for rules for flying over people. It’s perhaps less than a decade, but more than a couple of years [away].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That should give us all a little more time to get used to the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, NASA researchers on another team are developing a similar construct for what they call urban air mobility, or what we proverbially call air taxis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>You may have noticed a growing number of retailers threatening to make deliveries by drone in the near future. \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/e0fcf74b9a9d46d1a7c57463cf6f668c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-drone-alphabet/faa-paves-way-for-alphabet-unit-to-make-first-u-s-drone-deliveries-idUSKCN1RZ25N\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Google\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-06-12/uber-announces-plans-to-deliver-big-macs-by-drone-this-summer\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Uber\u003c/a> and others have all been developing their own systems, and while the technology might not be there quite yet, experts say it will be soon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As those threats become reality, who’s going to manage all of that potential chaos in the skies above us? Well, the agency that already manages American airspace: the Federal Aviation Administration. Eventually.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, researchers at \u003ca href=\"https://utm.arc.nasa.gov/index.shtml\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NASA Ames\u003c/a> in Mountain View are developing the air traffic management system to make it possible for Amazon to deliver pizza to your neighbor without harming you in the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unmanned aircraft systems are already in the skies for all sorts of uses, including law enforcement, search and rescue, firefighting, agriculture, medical supply delivery, moviemaking, journalism and even real estate. But these are limited-use cases compared to the hundreds of thousands of commercially owned vehicles expected to take to the skies when retailers and restaurants are given the go-ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NASA Ames researchers in Mountain View are imagining something akin to what air traffic controllers do for passenger planes, but with cloud-based software. They’ve been working on this concept since 2015, and conducted multi-drone tests this year in Nevada and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11759484\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11759484\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Drone operators everywhere will be able to log into a cloud-based software system NASA Ames researchers are prototyping now. \" width=\"1920\" height=\"1397\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut-800x582.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut-1020x742.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38011_ACD16-0170-023orig-qut-1200x873.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Drone operators everywhere will be able to log into a cloud-based software system NASA Ames researchers are prototyping now. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Don Richey)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To start with, NASA Ames researcher Abhay Borade explained, every drone operator will have to log in with a plan for every flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That volume, that area, that time and space, altitude. Then the system will check it against various parameters. Are you flying in a restricted air space? Are you in a national park? You’ll get a message back either that you’re accepted or rejected,” Borade said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once the drone is airborne, its operator can track it on the software. The system communicates in real time what the drone is encountering after it leaves the operator’s line of sight: buildings, birds, bad weather and so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s a presumption the unexpected can and will happen, but it’s the drone operator’s responsibility to decide how to manage risk, at least, outside of a law enforcement emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In such a case, package delivery drone operators would be ordered to vacate the affected area, according to Ron Johnson, project manager for the unmanned aircraft systems traffic management project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11759487\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11759487\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut.jpg\" alt=\"The concept of urban air mobility involves multiple aircraft safely operating within a city. (Yellow circles are vehicles with passengers; pink circles are vehicles without passengers.)\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1126\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut.jpg 1500w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-800x601.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-1020x766.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-1200x901.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38012_UAM-Landscape-Finalorig-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The concept of urban air mobility involves multiple aircraft safely operating within a city. (Yellow circles are vehicles with passengers; pink circles are vehicles without passengers.) \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What happens if a drone operator refuses to comply? Or behaves badly in a myriad of other ways? The software can easily identify drones gone rogue, and it maintains records of the event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While NASA lays the technical groundwork for this brave new world, there will be plenty of opportunity for new rules and regulations to keep bad actors in line.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not going to happen all at once. When the FAA allows more and more operations, I think there’ll be constraints put on [drone traffic],” Johnson said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s not just talking about the FAA establishing rules. Software can manage a nearly infinite variety of local and regional rules, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s say the good citizens of Mountain View — who already live in an area full of loud noises — don’t want drones buzzing on top of all that. Or perhaps they decide to geo-fence certain areas, and require drone traffic to travel or land in prescribed zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11759489\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 985px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11759489\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38013_tcl4-v3-qut.jpg\" alt=\"An artist's rendering of Las Vegas, Nevada, with commercial delivery drones flying about.\" width=\"985\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38013_tcl4-v3-qut.jpg 985w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38013_tcl4-v3-qut-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/07/RS38013_tcl4-v3-qut-800x518.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 985px) 100vw, 985px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An artist’s rendering of Las Vegas, Nevada, with commercial delivery drones flying about. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As of now, in the U.S., FAA rules state that delivery-style drones must weigh less than 55 pounds and fly up to a ceiling of 400 feet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From my experience, if a drone is flying 400 feet above, you hardly hear it,” Johnson said. “Mountain View may say, ‘OK, you can fly a drone, but it can’t be below 300 feet.’ That type of constraint would be embedded into the system here. So that when somebody proposes flying at 200 feet, that plan is going to get rejected.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What happens if a hacker gets into the system, or into the drones? Johnson professes to have a high degree of confidence that won’t happen. “We’re doing everything now that we’re required to. The companies themselves, it’s in their interest to keep their drones from being hijacked or fouled with,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So when will you get a pizza delivered by drone?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Short answer: Not soon, even though the FAA has recently allowed a handful of companies to test drone delivery programs in urban and rural areas, and has even gone so far as to certify Alphabet’s Wing Aviation to operate as an airline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While more than 50 countries belong to Joint Authorities for Rulemaking of Unmanned Systems, a final set of standards has yet to be agreed upon. Johnson anticipates other countries are looking to the U.S. to take the lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He went on to say, “We finish our major testing this summer. It will take us several months to document what we found and then the FAA gets into their processes. Right now, they already are soliciting public feedback for rules for flying over people. It’s perhaps less than a decade, but more than a couple of years [away].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That should give us all a little more time to get used to the idea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, NASA researchers on another team are developing a similar construct for what they call urban air mobility, or what we proverbially call air taxis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Coffee poured. Pillow fluffed. E-book loaded. You’re ready to begin a delightful afternoon on your e-reader when, poof, the book disappears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Starting in July, Microsoft will be closing its e-book library and erasing e-books from all devices. Consumers will receive a refund for every book purchased.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is able to shutter its store – which it \u003ca href=\"https://mspoweruser.com/first-look-windows-10s-upcoming-store-e-books/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">launched in 2017 \u003c/a>to compete with industry leaders Amazon, Apple and Barnes & Noble – due to a tool called Digital Rights Management or DRM.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DRM allows companies to control content to protect copyright holders and prevent piracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things that I think people don’t realize that’s crucially important is that DRM and related software tools are embedded in all sorts of devices that we buy,” Aaron Perzanowski, the author of \u003cem>The End of Ownership: Personal Property in the Digital Economy, \u003c/em>tells NPR’s Lulu Garcia-Navarro.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your car, your smart home appliances, your home security system – all of these systems have software that allows for this kind of control over how the devices are used, and I think we’re going to see these same sorts of situations crop up in the context of physical devices that are being used in people’s homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way DRM is widely employed has been criticized by consumers and earned calls for regulation of Big Tech companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The initial vision for DRM was that it was going to allow for the sale of digital goods online in a way that reduced the risk of copyright infringement,” Perzanowski says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As this technology has been deployed what we’ve seen is that the big beneficiaries of DRM have not been copyright holders. They have been technology companies like Amazon, like Microsoft, who are able to control these ecosystems to make it harder for consumers to switch over to new platforms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pennlawreview.com/print/?id=547\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Pennsylvania Law Review article\u003c/a>, Perzanowski found that users are often misled when they click the “Buy Now” button, thinking that they’ve gained permanent ownership of digital content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other companies, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/18/technology/companies/18amazon.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://mashable.com/2008/09/27/walmart-drm/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Walmart\u003c/a>, have run into DRM-related troubles in the past, wiping out digital content to the chagrin of consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The e-book and online shopping giant, Amazon, obtained eye rolls when it \u003ca href=\"https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/2009/07/18/technology/companies/18amazon.html?mtrref=www.nytimes.com&gwh=89D54B40EDC6410BAE5528A90BDA392D&gwt=pay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deleted some George Orwell books\u003c/a> from the Kindle’s DRM server, including \u003cem>1984\u003c/em>. Apparently, the company did not understand the irony of erasing a book that famously details the dangers of thought control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perzanowski worries that DRM erodes personal property rights and that the scope extends beyond digital media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can go out and buy a car and you think you own the car because it’s parked in your garage,” Perzanowski says. “But in reality – how it functions, who can repair it, what replacement parts are compatible with it – all of that is controlled through software code. And, so I think that line between the physical and the digital is getting increasingly blurry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4497396/books-in-microsoft-store-faq?ranMID=43674&ranEAID=je6NUbpObpQ&ranSiteID=je6NUbpObpQ-FRrxI4tASwvSDcE4EfEBkw&epi=je6NUbpObpQ-FRrxI4tASwvSDcE4EfEBkw&irgwc=1&OCID=AID681541_aff_7795_1243925&tduid=(ir__zxrrxiiut269tpcafgyfvcytdv2xmmgiswg3ng1d00)(7795)(1243925)(je6NUbpObpQ-FRrxI4tASwvSDcE4EfEBkw)()&irclickid=_zxrrxiiut269tpcafgyfvcytdv2xmmgiswg3ng1d00\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">explainer posted to its website\u003c/a>, Microsoft adds that anyone who wrote notes or marked-up e-books will receive an additional $25 credit. The company has not provided a reason for the closure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Scardera, a Reddit user, is one of the many Microsoft consumers affected by the e-book purge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was disappointed when Microsoft announced they were shutting the service down…” Scardera says. “In the future, I’ll be buying books from sources that use DRM-free formats, so that if a service is shut down I don’t lose my books or other media.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Microsoft+Closes+The+Book+On+Its+E-Library%2C+Erasing+All+User+Content&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Your car, your smart home appliances, your home security system – all of these systems have software that allows for this kind of control over how the devices are used, and I think we’re going to see these same sorts of situations crop up in the context of physical devices that are being used in people’s homes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way DRM is widely employed has been criticized by consumers and earned calls for regulation of Big Tech companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The initial vision for DRM was that it was going to allow for the sale of digital goods online in a way that reduced the risk of copyright infringement,” Perzanowski says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As this technology has been deployed what we’ve seen is that the big beneficiaries of DRM have not been copyright holders. They have been technology companies like Amazon, like Microsoft, who are able to control these ecosystems to make it harder for consumers to switch over to new platforms.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.pennlawreview.com/print/?id=547\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">University of Pennsylvania Law Review article\u003c/a>, Perzanowski found that users are often misled when they click the “Buy Now” button, thinking that they’ve gained permanent ownership of digital content.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other companies, like \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/18/technology/companies/18amazon.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Amazon\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://mashable.com/2008/09/27/walmart-drm/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Walmart\u003c/a>, have run into DRM-related troubles in the past, wiping out digital content to the chagrin of consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The e-book and online shopping giant, Amazon, obtained eye rolls when it \u003ca href=\"https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/2009/07/18/technology/companies/18amazon.html?mtrref=www.nytimes.com&gwh=89D54B40EDC6410BAE5528A90BDA392D&gwt=pay\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deleted some George Orwell books\u003c/a> from the Kindle’s DRM server, including \u003cem>1984\u003c/em>. Apparently, the company did not understand the irony of erasing a book that famously details the dangers of thought control.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perzanowski worries that DRM erodes personal property rights and that the scope extends beyond digital media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can go out and buy a car and you think you own the car because it’s parked in your garage,” Perzanowski says. “But in reality – how it functions, who can repair it, what replacement parts are compatible with it – all of that is controlled through software code. And, so I think that line between the physical and the digital is getting increasingly blurry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an \u003ca href=\"https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4497396/books-in-microsoft-store-faq?ranMID=43674&ranEAID=je6NUbpObpQ&ranSiteID=je6NUbpObpQ-FRrxI4tASwvSDcE4EfEBkw&epi=je6NUbpObpQ-FRrxI4tASwvSDcE4EfEBkw&irgwc=1&OCID=AID681541_aff_7795_1243925&tduid=(ir__zxrrxiiut269tpcafgyfvcytdv2xmmgiswg3ng1d00)(7795)(1243925)(je6NUbpObpQ-FRrxI4tASwvSDcE4EfEBkw)()&irclickid=_zxrrxiiut269tpcafgyfvcytdv2xmmgiswg3ng1d00\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">explainer posted to its website\u003c/a>, Microsoft adds that anyone who wrote notes or marked-up e-books will receive an additional $25 credit. The company has not provided a reason for the closure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Frank Scardera, a Reddit user, is one of the many Microsoft consumers affected by the e-book purge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was disappointed when Microsoft announced they were shutting the service down…” Scardera says. “In the future, I’ll be buying books from sources that use DRM-free formats, so that if a service is shut down I don’t lose my books or other media.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Microsoft+Closes+The+Book+On+Its+E-Library%2C+Erasing+All+User+Content&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Rewards programs have long been used by retail stores and cafes to incentivize customers to shop there more often. Could that work for public transit, too?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new app called Miles is trying to do just that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's how it works: the app automatically tracks your location and can detect whether you're driving, biking or using public transit, says CEO Jigar Shah. Then, you get \"miles\" based on how far you traveled and how you traveled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driving will get you the same the number of miles you traveled, taking public transit will get you triple and walking will get you 10 times as many as you actually walked. Then, users can cash those \"miles\" in for rewards like gift cards and promotions for stores, like 250 points for five dollars off cosmetics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside tag='public-transit' label='public transportation in the bay area']\"So from the consumer perspective it's extremely simple that the more they use the transit services the more they contribute towards greener travel,\" Shah said. \"It's better for the consumers, better for the cities and transit operators and for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miles makes money by collecting a fee from the companies who give out rewards on the app. It gives the companies a chance to publicize a new product or get people to use their service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miles recently partnered with CalTrain and SamTrans to give commuters extra rewards for riding with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But rewards apps like these only work if they can keep people engaged beyond the initial buzz of trying something new, according to Alex Bayen, director of UC Berkeley's Institute of Transportation Studies. He says there's three things that make people want to participate:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Am I making enough money from this to make it worth my time?\u003c/strong> Everyone has a dollar value they attach to an hour of their time. Often it's what you charge for an hour of work. Here in the Bay Area, that tends to be very high. \"So clearly money by itself is not just going to be the factor by which people will keep engaged,\" Bayen said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Gamification.\u003c/strong> This type of app is on the fringes of the gaming industry, Bayen said. But, nevertheless, the challenges and maps that Miles employs could be \"fun\" enough to keep people engaged like the app is a game.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Attaching other values to the program besides money.\u003c/strong> Miles, for example, incentivizes walking and biking by rewarding you with more \"miles\" than for other forms of transit. \"So people rationally might [say], 'Oh this app actually helps me behave better,' better being healthier,\" Bayen said.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Caltrain rider Tanya Kameswaran says she'd want the reward to be for something useful, like 10% off an Apple product. But it'd have to come quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Probably every hundred miles,\" she said. \"Short attention span.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's little faster than what Miles is offering. It typically takes a week of using the app to get a reward, according to Shah. But the app's roughly 5,000 Bay Area users do seem to think that's worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"So from the consumer perspective it's extremely simple that the more they use the transit services the more they contribute towards greener travel,\" Shah said. \"It's better for the consumers, better for the cities and transit operators and for us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miles makes money by collecting a fee from the companies who give out rewards on the app. It gives the companies a chance to publicize a new product or get people to use their service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miles recently partnered with CalTrain and SamTrans to give commuters extra rewards for riding with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But rewards apps like these only work if they can keep people engaged beyond the initial buzz of trying something new, according to Alex Bayen, director of UC Berkeley's Institute of Transportation Studies. He says there's three things that make people want to participate:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Am I making enough money from this to make it worth my time?\u003c/strong> Everyone has a dollar value they attach to an hour of their time. Often it's what you charge for an hour of work. Here in the Bay Area, that tends to be very high. \"So clearly money by itself is not just going to be the factor by which people will keep engaged,\" Bayen said.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Gamification.\u003c/strong> This type of app is on the fringes of the gaming industry, Bayen said. But, nevertheless, the challenges and maps that Miles employs could be \"fun\" enough to keep people engaged like the app is a game.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Attaching other values to the program besides money.\u003c/strong> Miles, for example, incentivizes walking and biking by rewarding you with more \"miles\" than for other forms of transit. \"So people rationally might [say], 'Oh this app actually helps me behave better,' better being healthier,\" Bayen said.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Caltrain rider Tanya Kameswaran says she'd want the reward to be for something useful, like 10% off an Apple product. But it'd have to come quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Probably every hundred miles,\" she said. \"Short attention span.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's little faster than what Miles is offering. It typically takes a week of using the app to get a reward, according to Shah. But the app's roughly 5,000 Bay Area users do seem to think that's worth it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A California lawmaker says he knew something had to be done after watching \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/cQ54GDm1eL0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a video\u003c/a> of Barack Obama calling President Trump “a total and complete dipshit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Set in what appears to be the Oval Office, the video also depicts the former president speaking fondly of the militant anti-colonial villain of the “Black Panther” comic franchise and claiming that Housing Secretary Ben Carson is brainwashed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video was a fake, of course — a collaboration between the website Buzzfeed and filmmaker Jordan Peele. It’s Peele who speaks through Obama’s digitally re-rendered mouth to illustrate the dangers of A.I.-constructed “deepfake” videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the exception of some discoloration around the jaw and a not entirely convincing voice, it’s a solid forgery. And the technology used to make it is only getting better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I immediately realized, ‘Wow, this is a technology that plays right into the hands of people who are trying to influence our elections like we saw in 2016,’” said Assemblyman Marc Berman, a Democrat whose district includes Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation='Assemblyman Marc Berman']‘I don’t think the First Amendment applies to somebody’s ability to put fake words in my mouth.’[/pullquote]Berman, chair of the Assembly’s election committee, has introduced a bill that would make it illegal to “knowingly or recklessly” share “deceptive audio or visual media” of a political candidate within 60 days of an election “with the intent to injure the candidate’s reputation or to deceive a voter into voting for or against the candidate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would apply to state-of-the-art deepfakes, as well as to lower tech fabrications. It also makes an exception if the video or audio has a clear disclaimer that digital monkey business has been performed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Libel and forgeries are hardly new phenomena in politics. But as technological developments make it increasingly difficult to sort fake from real news, and to crack down on the dissemination of false information once it finds its way online, lawmakers like Berman are struggling to find some way to fight back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to wake up after the 2020 election, like we did in 2016, and say, ‘dang, we should have done more,’” said Berman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is at least one limit on what can be done. The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to free speech — making it unclear whether a ban on convincing video forgeries would pass constitutional muster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union of California, the California News Publishers Association and the California Broadcasters Association all oppose the bill on First Amendment grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill cleared a hurdle on Thursday by winning approval from a Senate committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the hearing, Whitney Prout, staff attorney with the publishers’ association, called the bill “an ineffective and frankly unconstitutional solution that causes more problems than it solves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=' Electronic Frontier Foundation analysts']‘Congress must tread carefully if it seeks to address the actual problem without censoring lawful and socially valuable speech — such as parodies and satires.’[/pullquote]She warned that, if enacted into law, it could discourage social media users from sharing any political content online, lest it be a fake and they be held legally liable. Another possible consequence, she said, is that campaigns plaster every attack ad with a deepfake disclosure to shield themselves from lawsuits, leaving the voting public even more confused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law surrounding the First Amendment really has evolved in a pre-internet world,” said Louis Tompros, a partner at the law office of WilmerHale in Boston and a lecturer at Harvard. The enactment of laws such as the one Berman proposes would “force the courts to really reconcile the whole body of First Amendment law with these new phenomenon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The method behind “deepfakery” is technically sophisticated, but its producers don’t need to be. These days, anyone with access to a YouTube tutorial and enough computing power can produce their own videographic forgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=forum_2010101870062,science_1943376]Hence the proliferation of so many comedic or satirical deepfakes. Some strive to make a point, like the one created by Peele or a more recent depiction of Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/business/technology/mark-zuckerberg-deepfake-will-remain-online/2019/06/12/4171916e-a25b-4842-9bf6-f5d07512055a_video.html?utm_term=.efa39a49afbc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bragging about stealing your data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are just internet-grade goofy. Consider the Q&A with the actress Jennifer Lawrence who speaks to reporters with the face of Steve Buscemi. (When shown the fake on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, Buscemi seemed remarkably unfazed: “I’ve never looked better,” he said).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the technology has, of course, been used for seedier purposes. The most popular application seems to be pornographic, with online forgers digitally grafting the faces of Hollywood celebrities onto the bodies of adult film actresses — without the knowledge or consent of either party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Rana Ayyub, an Indian investigative journalist, the use was even more sinister. Last year, a fake sex video “starring” Ayyub was leaked online in an act of apparent retribution for her reporting that was sharply critical of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party. As Ayyub told \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/deepfake-porn_uk_5bf2c126e4b0f32bd58ba316?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAFn7uAoruECGNzWpzYqYO_NQMLqM6cYcWAtBMO4-MRmywYLQN3lFfiZCLAB_Nbmp6wDfpS-LxrSyB9Yt6M9srDAM9lAqoL43aBqiRm1XTPJLCaDF9BEXyCJC6XZQM2CwjE0aw7t5kOKoYMJP3LEc75cNOJbxx7Yy5-973ESE-szo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Huffington Post\u003c/a>, the harassment and humiliation that followed sent her to the hospital with heart palpitations and led her to withdraw from online life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Berman introduced another bill that would give anyone involuntarily depicted in a sexually explicit video — including a digital fake — the right to sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it seems only a matter of time before someone attempts to use the method for political purposes, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That conclusion was reinforced a few weeks ago when an edited video of \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/05/23/faked-pelosi-videos-slowed-make-her-appear-drunk-spread-across-social-media/?utm_term=.6dad5f36a763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nancy Pelosi went viral\u003c/a>, in which the Democratic Speaker of the House appeared to be slurring her words as if drunk or cognitively impaired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video wasn’t a deepfake. Rather than use machine-learning algorithms, its producers opted for the more primitive technological methods of slowing down the footage and raising the pitch of the voice. But it still elicited a wave of bipartisan angst about the threat that forged video poses to our democratic institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, Florida GOP Sen. Marco Rubio characterized “very realistic fake videos” as a national security threat akin to aircraft carriers and nuclear weapons. And at a House hearing earlier this month, Democratic Congressman Adam Schiff from Burbank warned of the possible “nightmarish scenario” in which “a state-backed actor creates a deepfake video of a political candidate accepting a bribe.” Just as worrisome, he said, the mere existence of deepfakes allows bad actors to more convincingly dismiss real information as fake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/Heritage/status/1020289722634076160\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some civil liberties groups are concerned that lawmakers will overreact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congress must tread carefully if it seeks to address the actual problem without censoring lawful and socially valuable speech — such as parodies and satires,” analysts with the Electronic Frontier Foundation wrote in response to the hearing. The Foundation said they are reviewing Berman’s bill and do not yet have a position on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tompros said it would be difficult to craft a law banning socially harmful deepfakes without sweeping up more traditional forms of political speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it a ‘deceptive audio or visual media’ if, for example, I take a ten minute very nuanced policy speech and I clip out five seconds in the middle where it sounds like the person is taking an extreme position?” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lArPEDS0GTA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under that standard, a significant share of attack ads produced over the last half-century would be illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Berman’s proposal is much narrower than past legislative attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, Assemblyman Ed Chau, a Democrat from Monterey Park, introduced a bill that would have banned the online dissemination of any false information about a political candidate. Chau pulled the bill in the face of fierce pushback from civil liberties groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus on video and audio specifically could put this year’s proposal on firmer legal ground, said Eugene Volokh, a UCLA law professor and founder of \u003ca href=\"https://reason.com/volokh/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Volokh Conspiracy\u003c/a>, a law blog hosted by the libertarian magazine, Reason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike a comment on climate change or the fiscal impact of tax legislation, where there is plenty of “dispute about what the actual truth is … with altered video or altered images at least the person who is originating it will tend to know what’s true and what’s false,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size='medium' align='right' citation=' Louis Tompros, lawyer]‘Is it a ‘deceptive audio or visual media’ if, for example, I take a ten minute very nuanced policy speech and I clip out five seconds in the middle where it sounds like the person is taking an extreme position.’[/pullquote]He points to the 24 states that have criminal defamation laws that make it a punishable offense to knowingly or recklessly spread false information about a person. The U.S. Supreme Court has generally allowed these laws to remain on the books, although civil liberties organizations are fighting to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berman said his bill falls into that same category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are restrictions around the First Amendment, including around the issue of fraud,” said Berman. “I don’t think the First Amendment applies to somebody’s ability to put fake words in my mouth.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That might have once been a figure of speech, but no more. In the latest iteration of the technology, a few researchers at Adobe and American and German universities, produced a \u003ca href=\"https://www.ohadf.com/projects/text-based-editing/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">new editing method\u003c/a> that allows anyone to insert new words into a video transcript and have a person in the video speak them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effect: using technology to literally put words into someone else’s mouth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the researchers showed their creations to a small survey of viewers, more than half mistook the fakes for the real thing.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A California lawmaker says he knew something had to be done after watching \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/cQ54GDm1eL0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a video\u003c/a> of Barack Obama calling President Trump “a total and complete dipshit.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Set in what appears to be the Oval Office, the video also depicts the former president speaking fondly of the militant anti-colonial villain of the “Black Panther” comic franchise and claiming that Housing Secretary Ben Carson is brainwashed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video was a fake, of course — a collaboration between the website Buzzfeed and filmmaker Jordan Peele. It’s Peele who speaks through Obama’s digitally re-rendered mouth to illustrate the dangers of A.I.-constructed “deepfake” videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the exception of some discoloration around the jaw and a not entirely convincing voice, it’s a solid forgery. And the technology used to make it is only getting better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I immediately realized, ‘Wow, this is a technology that plays right into the hands of people who are trying to influence our elections like we saw in 2016,’” said Assemblyman Marc Berman, a Democrat whose district includes Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Berman, chair of the Assembly’s election committee, has introduced a bill that would make it illegal to “knowingly or recklessly” share “deceptive audio or visual media” of a political candidate within 60 days of an election “with the intent to injure the candidate’s reputation or to deceive a voter into voting for or against the candidate.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill would apply to state-of-the-art deepfakes, as well as to lower tech fabrications. It also makes an exception if the video or audio has a clear disclaimer that digital monkey business has been performed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Libel and forgeries are hardly new phenomena in politics. But as technological developments make it increasingly difficult to sort fake from real news, and to crack down on the dissemination of false information once it finds its way online, lawmakers like Berman are struggling to find some way to fight back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to wake up after the 2020 election, like we did in 2016, and say, ‘dang, we should have done more,’” said Berman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there is at least one limit on what can be done. The First Amendment of the U.S. Constitution guarantees the right to free speech — making it unclear whether a ban on convincing video forgeries would pass constitutional muster.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The American Civil Liberties Union of California, the California News Publishers Association and the California Broadcasters Association all oppose the bill on First Amendment grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill cleared a hurdle on Thursday by winning approval from a Senate committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the hearing, Whitney Prout, staff attorney with the publishers’ association, called the bill “an ineffective and frankly unconstitutional solution that causes more problems than it solves.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>She warned that, if enacted into law, it could discourage social media users from sharing any political content online, lest it be a fake and they be held legally liable. Another possible consequence, she said, is that campaigns plaster every attack ad with a deepfake disclosure to shield themselves from lawsuits, leaving the voting public even more confused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The law surrounding the First Amendment really has evolved in a pre-internet world,” said Louis Tompros, a partner at the law office of WilmerHale in Boston and a lecturer at Harvard. The enactment of laws such as the one Berman proposes would “force the courts to really reconcile the whole body of First Amendment law with these new phenomenon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The method behind “deepfakery” is technically sophisticated, but its producers don’t need to be. These days, anyone with access to a YouTube tutorial and enough computing power can produce their own videographic forgery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Hence the proliferation of so many comedic or satirical deepfakes. Some strive to make a point, like the one created by Peele or a more recent depiction of Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/video/business/technology/mark-zuckerberg-deepfake-will-remain-online/2019/06/12/4171916e-a25b-4842-9bf6-f5d07512055a_video.html?utm_term=.efa39a49afbc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">bragging about stealing your data\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others are just internet-grade goofy. Consider the Q&A with the actress Jennifer Lawrence who speaks to reporters with the face of Steve Buscemi. (When shown the fake on The Late Show with Stephen Colbert, Buscemi seemed remarkably unfazed: “I’ve never looked better,” he said).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the technology has, of course, been used for seedier purposes. The most popular application seems to be pornographic, with online forgers digitally grafting the faces of Hollywood celebrities onto the bodies of adult film actresses — without the knowledge or consent of either party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the case of Rana Ayyub, an Indian investigative journalist, the use was even more sinister. Last year, a fake sex video “starring” Ayyub was leaked online in an act of apparent retribution for her reporting that was sharply critical of Prime Minister Narendra Modi and his Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party. As Ayyub told \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/deepfake-porn_uk_5bf2c126e4b0f32bd58ba316?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAFn7uAoruECGNzWpzYqYO_NQMLqM6cYcWAtBMO4-MRmywYLQN3lFfiZCLAB_Nbmp6wDfpS-LxrSyB9Yt6M9srDAM9lAqoL43aBqiRm1XTPJLCaDF9BEXyCJC6XZQM2CwjE0aw7t5kOKoYMJP3LEc75cNOJbxx7Yy5-973ESE-szo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Huffington Post\u003c/a>, the harassment and humiliation that followed sent her to the hospital with heart palpitations and led her to withdraw from online life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Berman introduced another bill that would give anyone involuntarily depicted in a sexually explicit video — including a digital fake — the right to sue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it seems only a matter of time before someone attempts to use the method for political purposes, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That conclusion was reinforced a few weeks ago when an edited video of \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2019/05/23/faked-pelosi-videos-slowed-make-her-appear-drunk-spread-across-social-media/?utm_term=.6dad5f36a763\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Nancy Pelosi went viral\u003c/a>, in which the Democratic Speaker of the House appeared to be slurring her words as if drunk or cognitively impaired.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The video wasn’t a deepfake. Rather than use machine-learning algorithms, its producers opted for the more primitive technological methods of slowing down the footage and raising the pitch of the voice. But it still elicited a wave of bipartisan angst about the threat that forged video poses to our democratic institutions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, Florida GOP Sen. Marco Rubio characterized “very realistic fake videos” as a national security threat akin to aircraft carriers and nuclear weapons. And at a House hearing earlier this month, Democratic Congressman Adam Schiff from Burbank warned of the possible “nightmarish scenario” in which “a state-backed actor creates a deepfake video of a political candidate accepting a bribe.” Just as worrisome, he said, the mere existence of deepfakes allows bad actors to more convincingly dismiss real information as fake.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>But some civil liberties groups are concerned that lawmakers will overreact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congress must tread carefully if it seeks to address the actual problem without censoring lawful and socially valuable speech — such as parodies and satires,” analysts with the Electronic Frontier Foundation wrote in response to the hearing. The Foundation said they are reviewing Berman’s bill and do not yet have a position on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tompros said it would be difficult to craft a law banning socially harmful deepfakes without sweeping up more traditional forms of political speech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is it a ‘deceptive audio or visual media’ if, for example, I take a ten minute very nuanced policy speech and I clip out five seconds in the middle where it sounds like the person is taking an extreme position?” he said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/lArPEDS0GTA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/lArPEDS0GTA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Under that standard, a significant share of attack ads produced over the last half-century would be illegal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Berman’s proposal is much narrower than past legislative attempts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2017, Assemblyman Ed Chau, a Democrat from Monterey Park, introduced a bill that would have banned the online dissemination of any false information about a political candidate. Chau pulled the bill in the face of fierce pushback from civil liberties groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The focus on video and audio specifically could put this year’s proposal on firmer legal ground, said Eugene Volokh, a UCLA law professor and founder of \u003ca href=\"https://reason.com/volokh/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Volokh Conspiracy\u003c/a>, a law blog hosted by the libertarian magazine, Reason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike a comment on climate change or the fiscal impact of tax legislation, where there is plenty of “dispute about what the actual truth is … with altered video or altered images at least the person who is originating it will tend to know what’s true and what’s false,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Uber and Lyft are campaigning hard in Sacramento to keep their California drivers classified as independent contractors, rather than as employees. And they're putting drivers at the center of the campaign: focusing on how the change might impact them and enlisting them to help make the case directly to lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11665688/state-high-court-ruling-could-have-big-impact-on-gig-firms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ruled in April 2018\u003c/a> that workers must meet three guidelines in order to be classified as independent contractors, also known as the ABC test. In \u003ca href=\"https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/dynamex-operations-west-inc-v-superior-court-34584\">\u003cem>Dynamex Operations West, Inc. v. Superior Court\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, the court ruled a worker can be considered a contractor only if:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A. The worker is free from the control and direction of the hirer in connection with the performance of the work.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>B. The worker performs work that is outside the usual course of the hiring entity’s business.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>C. The worker is customarily engaged in an independently established trade, occupation or business.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Uber and Lyft drivers likely do not meet those guidelines, and therefore should likely be classified as employees. However, they’re still being treated as contractors, because no one has challenged that practice in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11665688,news_11718822,news_11688603\" label=\"The Fight Over Gig Workers\"]A state bill, AB 5, currently making its way through the Legislature, would codify the court decision into law and make those guidelines enforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than sit and wait for 10 years for further uncertainty with employers and employees, we said let's take it, codify it and make sure everybody understands where they stand,\" said the bill's author, Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, from southern San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These changes would mean a big financial hit for Lyft and Uber. If they start being required to classify their drivers as employees, they would have to pay for benefits like health care and workers compensation, as well as allow drivers to form unions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/openforum/article/Open-Forum-Uber-Lyft-ready-to-do-our-part-for-13969843.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In a recent opinion piece in the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, Lyft and Uber executives Dara Khosrowshahi, Logan Green and John Zimmer made that financial argument, but also focused on the effects on drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Reclassification misses two important points: First, most drivers prefer freedom and flexibility to the forced schedules and rigid hourly shifts of traditional employment; and second, many drivers are supplementing income from other work. It’s also no secret that a change to the employment classification of ride-share drivers would pose a risk to our businesses.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>They instead suggested that state lawmakers pass regulation requiring the companies to give drivers some of the benefits they would get as employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 5 and the Dynamex decision do not explicitly require companies to schedule shifts or limit hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a time-honored tactic in American politics, when companies are worried about the effect of regulations or changes in government policy on their bottom lines, to talk about the ways that they're responsible for employment and investment in their communities,\" said Alex Hertel-Fernandez, an assistant professor at Columbia University, who studies businesses' lobbying tactics. \"That makes them a lot more sympathetic than if you focus on the effects on profits or on the shareholders.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber and Lyft have been using drivers to push that message. Lyft sent an email to its drivers encouraging them to contact their local lawmaker. Uber sent a petition through the app opposing changes to drivers' classification. Drivers have also showed up to legislative hearings to argue against AB 5, often wearing shirts with the companies' logos on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth — who only gave her first name at a state legislative hearing in February — was wearing a shirt saying “Uber Partner” when she testified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I come up with my own hours,\" she said. \"I work 20 if I want to, and I work five if I want to. Nobody tells me when to come and go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hertel-Fernandez adds the tactic only works if the drivers trust the messages they’re getting from the companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a tricky line that employers have to tow,\" Hertel-Fernandez said. \"They want to convince their employees or at least persuade them to contact their elected officials and that often means putting together information that is more tilted towards what the employer wants. But if they appear too heavy handed I think it can turn employees off of the message they're trying to get out there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11755553\"]In the email Lyft sent to its drivers, the company wrote: \"Legislators are considering changes that could cause Lyft to limit your hours and flexibility, resulting in scheduled shifts. We're advocating to protect your flexibility with Lyft, in addition to establishing an earnings minimum, offering protections and benefits, and giving drivers representation so you have a voice in the company.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber's petition also focused on driver flexibility. It reads: \"Recent changes to California law could threaten your access to flexible work with Uber. Unless lawmakers take action now to modernize the law, you could lose your ability to work with multiple apps and control when and where you work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber and Lyft say they didn't coerce anyone into taking action, but many drivers are instead speaking out against being used as political lobbyists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't need them to send vague misleading information to sign petitions against AB 5 through their app,\" said driver Rebecca Stack-Martinez at a rally this month outside Uber's headquarters. \"Drivers can speak for themselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the Assembly passed AB 5 overwhelmingly, the measure is now making its way through the state Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Uber and Lyft are campaigning hard in Sacramento to keep their California drivers classified as independent contractors, rather than as employees. And they're putting drivers at the center of the campaign: focusing on how the change might impact them and enlisting them to help make the case directly to lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11665688/state-high-court-ruling-could-have-big-impact-on-gig-firms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ruled in April 2018\u003c/a> that workers must meet three guidelines in order to be classified as independent contractors, also known as the ABC test. In \u003ca href=\"https://scocal.stanford.edu/opinion/dynamex-operations-west-inc-v-superior-court-34584\">\u003cem>Dynamex Operations West, Inc. v. Superior Court\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, the court ruled a worker can be considered a contractor only if:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>A. The worker is free from the control and direction of the hirer in connection with the performance of the work.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>B. The worker performs work that is outside the usual course of the hiring entity’s business.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>C. The worker is customarily engaged in an independently established trade, occupation or business.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Uber and Lyft drivers likely do not meet those guidelines, and therefore should likely be classified as employees. However, they’re still being treated as contractors, because no one has challenged that practice in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A state bill, AB 5, currently making its way through the Legislature, would codify the court decision into law and make those guidelines enforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than sit and wait for 10 years for further uncertainty with employers and employees, we said let's take it, codify it and make sure everybody understands where they stand,\" said the bill's author, Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez, from southern San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These changes would mean a big financial hit for Lyft and Uber. If they start being required to classify their drivers as employees, they would have to pay for benefits like health care and workers compensation, as well as allow drivers to form unions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/openforum/article/Open-Forum-Uber-Lyft-ready-to-do-our-part-for-13969843.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">In a recent opinion piece in the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>, Lyft and Uber executives Dara Khosrowshahi, Logan Green and John Zimmer made that financial argument, but also focused on the effects on drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Reclassification misses two important points: First, most drivers prefer freedom and flexibility to the forced schedules and rigid hourly shifts of traditional employment; and second, many drivers are supplementing income from other work. It’s also no secret that a change to the employment classification of ride-share drivers would pose a risk to our businesses.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>They instead suggested that state lawmakers pass regulation requiring the companies to give drivers some of the benefits they would get as employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AB 5 and the Dynamex decision do not explicitly require companies to schedule shifts or limit hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a time-honored tactic in American politics, when companies are worried about the effect of regulations or changes in government policy on their bottom lines, to talk about the ways that they're responsible for employment and investment in their communities,\" said Alex Hertel-Fernandez, an assistant professor at Columbia University, who studies businesses' lobbying tactics. \"That makes them a lot more sympathetic than if you focus on the effects on profits or on the shareholders.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber and Lyft have been using drivers to push that message. Lyft sent an email to its drivers encouraging them to contact their local lawmaker. Uber sent a petition through the app opposing changes to drivers' classification. Drivers have also showed up to legislative hearings to argue against AB 5, often wearing shirts with the companies' logos on them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elizabeth — who only gave her first name at a state legislative hearing in February — was wearing a shirt saying “Uber Partner” when she testified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I come up with my own hours,\" she said. \"I work 20 if I want to, and I work five if I want to. Nobody tells me when to come and go.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Hertel-Fernandez adds the tactic only works if the drivers trust the messages they’re getting from the companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is a tricky line that employers have to tow,\" Hertel-Fernandez said. \"They want to convince their employees or at least persuade them to contact their elected officials and that often means putting together information that is more tilted towards what the employer wants. But if they appear too heavy handed I think it can turn employees off of the message they're trying to get out there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In the email Lyft sent to its drivers, the company wrote: \"Legislators are considering changes that could cause Lyft to limit your hours and flexibility, resulting in scheduled shifts. We're advocating to protect your flexibility with Lyft, in addition to establishing an earnings minimum, offering protections and benefits, and giving drivers representation so you have a voice in the company.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber's petition also focused on driver flexibility. It reads: \"Recent changes to California law could threaten your access to flexible work with Uber. Unless lawmakers take action now to modernize the law, you could lose your ability to work with multiple apps and control when and where you work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber and Lyft say they didn't coerce anyone into taking action, but many drivers are instead speaking out against being used as political lobbyists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We don't need them to send vague misleading information to sign petitions against AB 5 through their app,\" said driver Rebecca Stack-Martinez at a rally this month outside Uber's headquarters. \"Drivers can speak for themselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the Assembly passed AB 5 overwhelmingly, the measure is now making its way through the state Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why Facebook Won't Kick Off A Warlord",
"title": "Why Facebook Won't Kick Off A Warlord",
"headTitle": "NPR | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>In one Facebook post, he stands tall in yellow camouflage, decorated with badges. He promises he'll \u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=2325424304388344&id=1917751698488942\">increase the salaries of teachers\u003c/a> in Sudan. In another post, he hunches over a fire, \u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/jkhgfy/photos/pcb.375368636255242/375368606255245/?type=3&source=49\">cooking food with locals\u003c/a>. And in another, published days after he oversaw a bloodbath, he's \u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/pg/www.rsf.gov.sd/posts/?ref=page_internal&mt_nav=0\">standing on top of his jeep\u003c/a>, brimming with joy as throngs of men, women and children dance around him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lt. Gen. Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, better known as Hemeti, is a social media personality. He is also the leader of the Rapid Support Forces — the paramilitary group that attacked thousands of pro-democracy protesters this month, leaving more than 100 dead. This is a bit of a second act for Hemeti, who also served time with the Janjaweed, the militia group considered responsible for the genocide in Darfur about 15 years ago, \u003ca href=\"https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/05/14/man-who-terrorized-darfur-is-leading-sudans-supposed-transition-hemeti-rsf-janjaweed-bashir-khartoum/\">according to Foreign Policy magazine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=\"news_11664645,news_11702239,news_11746028\"]On Facebook, multiple pages promote Hemeti as a formidable yet kind authority figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudanese activists have \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/facebook-we-ask-facebook-to-remove-the-rapid-support-forces-militia-pages\">petitioned Facebook \u003c/a>to remove Hemeti and his extremist group from the platform. But the tech giant says it cannot take action because Hemeti is now second in command in Sudan's transitional government. Even if he is a warlord, Facebook leaders reason, he may be a state actor. The company is reluctant to make decisions that either anoint or knock down government officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict in Sudan is just the latest example of Facebook's chronic uncertainty over how to wield its vast power in volatile regions where lives are at stake — while also shielding itself from the charge that the private company is simply too powerful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massacre that has put Facebook in the hot seat this time happened on June 3, the last day of Ramadan, among the holiest of days for Muslims. RSF soldiers led the attack, along with police and some special forces, using live ammunition, tear gas, whips and sticks to raid a months-long sit-in in Sudan's largest city and capital, Khartoum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health workers on the ground say more than 100 people were killed. Those responsible tried to conceal the carnage by dumping the bodies into the Nile River. Humanitarian groups charge the junta's footmen raped women too, and point to pictures of RSF troops flaunting female underwear on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The African Union\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AU_PSD/status/1136596052088373248\"> suspended Sudan\u003c/a> in response to the killings. Amnesty International called it a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/06/sudan-remove-rapid-support-forces-from-khartoum-streets-immediately/\">horrific slaughter\u003c/a>.\" Sudan's transitional government admitted to ordering the attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside hero=\"https://media.npr.org/assets/img/2019/04/05/rts2fcxx-031b223a98520979c77abaa3295ef4a04408dc4d-s1500-c85.jpg\" link1=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/05/710313380/facebooks-ban-on-white-extremism-comes-amid-international-pressure,With Facebook Ban On White Extremism, International Norms Apply To U.S.\"] Facebook is \"giving a pulpit to what is essentially a terrorist organization,\" says Ahmed el-Gaili, a Sudanese attorney who practices international law and is based in Dubai. \"You cannot give a forum to an organization that has committed such crimes, even if all they are posting are pictures of cats and dogs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has a track record of banning extremists who have come under fire in the U.S. The company recently expanded its definition of hate speech to include \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2019/03/standing-against-hate/\">white nationalism\u003c/a>. Multiple Sudanese activists said they find it baffling that the company would ban far-right activists like Alex Jones, and yet allow a paramilitary leader like Hemeti to use the platform as his propaganda machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, reactive changes in policy are the norm at Facebook, and they probably haven't felt enough pressure yet on Sudan,\" says Susan Benesch, director of the Dangerous Speech Project, which tracks extremist content online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has a different explanation. Company leaders do not dispute Hemeti's track record as a warlord. But his position has changed over the years. He's moved from the fringes of Sudanese society into Sudan's main political circles. He was appointed second-in-command of a transitional government that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/11/712105501/sudans-military-says-it-has-taken-control-and-arrested-president-omar-al-bashir\">ousted dictator Omar al-Bashir\u003c/a> earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Brian Fishman, a Facebook spokesman who leads efforts to track dangerous organizations, different rules apply to state actors and non-state actors. The company has \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/11/hard-questions-are-we-winning-the-war-on-terrorism-online/\">artificial intelligence\u003c/a> designed to identify and deplatform (or boot) groups that may be affiliated with ISIS, for example. Even if certain posts might seem innocuous, they're banned because their activities in the real world are harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if the questionable Facebook user also represents the state, and is not explicitly breaking speech rules set by the company, Facebook is hesitant to intervene. The international community is already worried about the company's inordinate power to publish and censor the speech of more than 2 billion people. If Facebook bans a government official, Fishman says, that could make other governments even more wary of the Silicon Valley giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Mark Zuckerberg has talked openly about the expectation that social media companies should protect society \"from broader harms\" by censoring or banning content. He is calling for a new independent body to be created to take on these decisions. \"I've come to believe that we shouldn't make so many important decisions about speech on our own,\" Zuckerberg explained in a\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/mark-zuckerberg-the-internet-needs-new-rules-lets-start-in-these-four-areas/2019/03/29/9e6f0504-521a-11e9-a3f7-78b7525a8d5f_story.html?utm_term=.4956a850e24b\"> Washington Post op-ed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"More Reporting on Facebook\" link1=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11744873/facebook-bans-alex-jones-louis-farrakhan-and-other-dangerous-individuals,Facebook Bans Alex Jones, Louis Farrakhan and Other 'Dangerous' Individuals\" link2=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/06/14/619488792/activists-in-myanmar-say-facebook-needs-to-do-more-to-quell-hate-speech,Activists In Myanmar Say Facebook Needs To Do More To Quell Hate Speech\"]His remarks came after his company acknowledged its slow response to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/technology/myanmar-facebook-genocide.html\">genocide in Myanmar\u003c/a>. Civil society and human rights organizations in that country reached out to Facebook as early as 2014, asking repeatedly for the platform to intervene as extremist leaders built their social media personalities, and later moved beyond propaganda to incite violence against the Rohingya Muslim population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Facebook ignored the warnings,\" says Michael Lwin, a technologist and lawyer based in Myanmar. The problem in that country was not that Facebook didn't know that its platform was being used for propaganda, Lwin says. It's that the company didn't act despite knowing. The company kept a handful of Burmese-language human reviewers based in Singapore, he says, who didn't understand the local context and reached out to local civil society groups infrequently and reactively. \"There are commonalities in how this story unfolds,\" Lwin adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook is one of the world's largest companies. Its revenue topped $15 billion in the\u003ca href=\"https://investor.fb.com/investor-news/press-release-details/2019/Facebook-Reports-First-Quarter-2019-Results/default.aspx\"> first quarter of this year\u003c/a>. Facebook does not have an office in Sudan. But spokesman Fishman says a team is tracking the situation on the ground and they've made substantial investments in hiring Arabic-speaking content reviewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly before the Khartoum massacre, one paramilitary page on Facebook featured a video in which critics of the pro-democracy sit-in \u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1355542914587526&id=334006730074488&anchor_composer=false\">claimed it was failing\u003c/a>. In the days after, the RSF said on Facebook that it was acting in the\u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=845411049166853&id=270627816645182\"> interest of the country\u003c/a>, and that activist groups lacked patriotism. In another, it took credit for\u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=2342676305996477&id=1917751698488942\"> bringing stability\u003c/a> to Darfur and securing the Sudanese borders against illegal immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these military leaders use Facebook to promote their message, they've cut off Internet access to the rest of the country, imposing a digital blackout and citing security reasons. Sudanese citizens who had relied on Messenger, WhatsApp and Instagram (all owned by Facebook) to publicize meeting dates, post footage of human rights abuses or message each other are not able to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It bothers me a lot,\" says Mohamed Suliman, an expat based in the U.S. He helped launch the \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/facebook-we-ask-facebook-to-remove-the-rapid-support-forces-militia-pages\">online petition\u003c/a> after Facebook failed to respond to his and other users' requests to take down Hemeti's pages. \"It's like every day, you see the one who killed your sister, who raped innocent women, being promoted as the leader. And the people he's attacking cannot speak,\" Salih said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Editor's note:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem> Facebook is among NPR's recent sponsors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2019 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Facebook banned far-right extremist Alex Jones. But it won't remove from the platform the warlord Lt. Gen. Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, even though he oversaw the killing of more than 100 people in Sudan. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In one Facebook post, he stands tall in yellow camouflage, decorated with badges. He promises he'll \u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=2325424304388344&id=1917751698488942\">increase the salaries of teachers\u003c/a> in Sudan. In another post, he hunches over a fire, \u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/jkhgfy/photos/pcb.375368636255242/375368606255245/?type=3&source=49\">cooking food with locals\u003c/a>. And in another, published days after he oversaw a bloodbath, he's \u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/pg/www.rsf.gov.sd/posts/?ref=page_internal&mt_nav=0\">standing on top of his jeep\u003c/a>, brimming with joy as throngs of men, women and children dance around him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lt. Gen. Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, better known as Hemeti, is a social media personality. He is also the leader of the Rapid Support Forces — the paramilitary group that attacked thousands of pro-democracy protesters this month, leaving more than 100 dead. This is a bit of a second act for Hemeti, who also served time with the Janjaweed, the militia group considered responsible for the genocide in Darfur about 15 years ago, \u003ca href=\"https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/05/14/man-who-terrorized-darfur-is-leading-sudans-supposed-transition-hemeti-rsf-janjaweed-bashir-khartoum/\">according to Foreign Policy magazine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>On Facebook, multiple pages promote Hemeti as a formidable yet kind authority figure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sudanese activists have \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/facebook-we-ask-facebook-to-remove-the-rapid-support-forces-militia-pages\">petitioned Facebook \u003c/a>to remove Hemeti and his extremist group from the platform. But the tech giant says it cannot take action because Hemeti is now second in command in Sudan's transitional government. Even if he is a warlord, Facebook leaders reason, he may be a state actor. The company is reluctant to make decisions that either anoint or knock down government officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conflict in Sudan is just the latest example of Facebook's chronic uncertainty over how to wield its vast power in volatile regions where lives are at stake — while also shielding itself from the charge that the private company is simply too powerful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The massacre that has put Facebook in the hot seat this time happened on June 3, the last day of Ramadan, among the holiest of days for Muslims. RSF soldiers led the attack, along with police and some special forces, using live ammunition, tear gas, whips and sticks to raid a months-long sit-in in Sudan's largest city and capital, Khartoum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health workers on the ground say more than 100 people were killed. Those responsible tried to conceal the carnage by dumping the bodies into the Nile River. Humanitarian groups charge the junta's footmen raped women too, and point to pictures of RSF troops flaunting female underwear on Facebook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The African Union\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/AU_PSD/status/1136596052088373248\"> suspended Sudan\u003c/a> in response to the killings. Amnesty International called it a \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/06/sudan-remove-rapid-support-forces-from-khartoum-streets-immediately/\">horrific slaughter\u003c/a>.\" Sudan's transitional government admitted to ordering the attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"link1": "https://www.npr.org/2019/04/05/710313380/facebooks-ban-on-white-extremism-comes-amid-international-pressure,With Facebook Ban On White Extremism, International Norms Apply To U.S.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Facebook is \"giving a pulpit to what is essentially a terrorist organization,\" says Ahmed el-Gaili, a Sudanese attorney who practices international law and is based in Dubai. \"You cannot give a forum to an organization that has committed such crimes, even if all they are posting are pictures of cats and dogs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has a track record of banning extremists who have come under fire in the U.S. The company recently expanded its definition of hate speech to include \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2019/03/standing-against-hate/\">white nationalism\u003c/a>. Multiple Sudanese activists said they find it baffling that the company would ban far-right activists like Alex Jones, and yet allow a paramilitary leader like Hemeti to use the platform as his propaganda machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, reactive changes in policy are the norm at Facebook, and they probably haven't felt enough pressure yet on Sudan,\" says Susan Benesch, director of the Dangerous Speech Project, which tracks extremist content online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has a different explanation. Company leaders do not dispute Hemeti's track record as a warlord. But his position has changed over the years. He's moved from the fringes of Sudanese society into Sudan's main political circles. He was appointed second-in-command of a transitional government that \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/04/11/712105501/sudans-military-says-it-has-taken-control-and-arrested-president-omar-al-bashir\">ousted dictator Omar al-Bashir\u003c/a> earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Brian Fishman, a Facebook spokesman who leads efforts to track dangerous organizations, different rules apply to state actors and non-state actors. The company has \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/news/2017/11/hard-questions-are-we-winning-the-war-on-terrorism-online/\">artificial intelligence\u003c/a> designed to identify and deplatform (or boot) groups that may be affiliated with ISIS, for example. Even if certain posts might seem innocuous, they're banned because their activities in the real world are harmful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if the questionable Facebook user also represents the state, and is not explicitly breaking speech rules set by the company, Facebook is hesitant to intervene. The international community is already worried about the company's inordinate power to publish and censor the speech of more than 2 billion people. If Facebook bans a government official, Fishman says, that could make other governments even more wary of the Silicon Valley giant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Mark Zuckerberg has talked openly about the expectation that social media companies should protect society \"from broader harms\" by censoring or banning content. He is calling for a new independent body to be created to take on these decisions. \"I've come to believe that we shouldn't make so many important decisions about speech on our own,\" Zuckerberg explained in a\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/mark-zuckerberg-the-internet-needs-new-rules-lets-start-in-these-four-areas/2019/03/29/9e6f0504-521a-11e9-a3f7-78b7525a8d5f_story.html?utm_term=.4956a850e24b\"> Washington Post op-ed\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"link1": "https://www.kqed.org/news/11744873/facebook-bans-alex-jones-louis-farrakhan-and-other-dangerous-individuals,Facebook Bans Alex Jones, Louis Farrakhan and Other 'Dangerous' Individuals",
"link2": "https://www.npr.org/2018/06/14/619488792/activists-in-myanmar-say-facebook-needs-to-do-more-to-quell-hate-speech,Activists In Myanmar Say Facebook Needs To Do More To Quell Hate Speech"
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>His remarks came after his company acknowledged its slow response to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2018/10/15/technology/myanmar-facebook-genocide.html\">genocide in Myanmar\u003c/a>. Civil society and human rights organizations in that country reached out to Facebook as early as 2014, asking repeatedly for the platform to intervene as extremist leaders built their social media personalities, and later moved beyond propaganda to incite violence against the Rohingya Muslim population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Facebook ignored the warnings,\" says Michael Lwin, a technologist and lawyer based in Myanmar. The problem in that country was not that Facebook didn't know that its platform was being used for propaganda, Lwin says. It's that the company didn't act despite knowing. The company kept a handful of Burmese-language human reviewers based in Singapore, he says, who didn't understand the local context and reached out to local civil society groups infrequently and reactively. \"There are commonalities in how this story unfolds,\" Lwin adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook is one of the world's largest companies. Its revenue topped $15 billion in the\u003ca href=\"https://investor.fb.com/investor-news/press-release-details/2019/Facebook-Reports-First-Quarter-2019-Results/default.aspx\"> first quarter of this year\u003c/a>. Facebook does not have an office in Sudan. But spokesman Fishman says a team is tracking the situation on the ground and they've made substantial investments in hiring Arabic-speaking content reviewers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly before the Khartoum massacre, one paramilitary page on Facebook featured a video in which critics of the pro-democracy sit-in \u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=1355542914587526&id=334006730074488&anchor_composer=false\">claimed it was failing\u003c/a>. In the days after, the RSF said on Facebook that it was acting in the\u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=845411049166853&id=270627816645182\"> interest of the country\u003c/a>, and that activist groups lacked patriotism. In another, it took credit for\u003ca href=\"https://m.facebook.com/story.php?story_fbid=2342676305996477&id=1917751698488942\"> bringing stability\u003c/a> to Darfur and securing the Sudanese borders against illegal immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While these military leaders use Facebook to promote their message, they've cut off Internet access to the rest of the country, imposing a digital blackout and citing security reasons. Sudanese citizens who had relied on Messenger, WhatsApp and Instagram (all owned by Facebook) to publicize meeting dates, post footage of human rights abuses or message each other are not able to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It bothers me a lot,\" says Mohamed Suliman, an expat based in the U.S. He helped launch the \u003ca href=\"https://www.change.org/p/facebook-we-ask-facebook-to-remove-the-rapid-support-forces-militia-pages\">online petition\u003c/a> after Facebook failed to respond to his and other users' requests to take down Hemeti's pages. \"It's like every day, you see the one who killed your sister, who raped innocent women, being promoted as the leader. And the people he's attacking cannot speak,\" Salih said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>Editor's note:\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003cem> Facebook is among NPR's recent sponsors.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "stanford-wants-to-expand-and-hopes-4-7-billion-in-mitigations-will-help",
"title": "Stanford Wants to Expand, and Hopes $4.7 Billion Community Package Will Convince Officials",
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"headTitle": "Stanford Wants to Expand, and Hopes $4.7 Billion Community Package Will Convince Officials | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>In a bid to get Santa Clara County to green light the largest \u003ca href=\"https://gup.stanford.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">development application\u003c/a> in county history, Stanford University on Monday unveiled a rejiggered package of community housing, transportation and education benefits worth $4.7 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford is offering $3.4 billion to build at least 1,115 new housing units — including 575 below-market rate — and $1.17 billion to finance transportation improvements and $138 million to boost Palo Alto Unified School District’s coffers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would constitute most of what the county has asked for, but not all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, Stanford is proposing to deliver over the next two decades:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Three quarters of the 2,172 housing units the county demanded, including 575 below-market rate, in the first few years of the expansion, some portion thereof on university land.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$15.25 million in pedestrian, bicycle and transit improvements in San Mateo County and $15.05 million in Palo Alto.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$1.13 billion for the expansion of sustainable commute programs and transit infrastructure projects.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$1.13 billion in fees in lieu of a cap on commute trips affecting campus residents.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$138.5 million to the Palo Alto Unified School District.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“It’s a different moment — not only for us — which is reflected in this proposal that we’ve brought forward, but for all of the communities around us,” said Jean McCown, Stanford’s associate vice president for government and community relations, noting Stanford has 8,180 acres of property in San Mateo and Santa Clara counties combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have always had long-term, land use plans for our academic teaching and research facilities, and for housing our faculty and students,” McCown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11757029\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11757029\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Santa Clara County officials are concerned Stanford's plans for expansion could worsen traffic in the region, among other concerns.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santa Clara County officials are concerned Stanford’s plans for expansion could worsen traffic in the region, among other concerns. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But that’s not to say the negotiation process every quarter century or so goes smoothly, and that’s proving especially true in the midst of an unprecedented housing crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if Stanford is only planning to grow at the rate of roughly 1% a year, it’s a big entity — in a region already strained by the impacts of explosive economic development paired with inadequate housing and transit development.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘One of the differences today is the extent to which we all clearly understand the significances of our current housing and transportation challenges, not only for our campus and communities, but for the region.’\u003ccite>Jean McCown, Stanford University’s associate vice president for government and community relations\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“One of the differences today is the extent to which we all clearly understand the significances of our current housing and transportation challenges, not only for our campus and communities, but for the region,” McCown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the core of the friction between Stanford and neighboring counties is the extent to which they want the university to respond to the region’s housing crisis. While offering to build the larger portion of the housing Santa Clara County planning officials asked for, Stanford wants to repeal two ordinances that require it to pay affordable housing fees and designate 16% of new housing units as affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford also wants credit for half of 1,300 units of graduate student housing that’s already in the pipeline and a 215-unit faculty and staff housing project in Menlo Park. Both were planned independent of the campus expansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County Supervisor \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/d5/Pages/home.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joe Simitian\u003c/a> represents the district home to all of the proposed growth and he helped negotiate the last general use plan in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11757058\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11757058\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Once the Santa Clara County Planning Commission decides on a recommendation, yes or no, the Board of Supervisors will vote on whether to approve Stanford's general use plan.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once the Santa Clara County Planning Commission decides on a recommendation, yes or no, the Board of Supervisors will vote on whether to approve Stanford’s general use plan. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Simitian, who hasn’t had the chance to review all 52 pages of Stanford’s latest proposal yet, said “even a cursory reading suggests it’s pretty much more of the same. I can understand why the university would want a bilateral agreement negotiated behind closed doors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The university is taking about bringing 9,610 new folks to the campus: students, staff, faculty, day workers. And yet has proposed 2,600 beds and 550 housing units. Well, that means there are more than 7,000 people — after you get rid of the student beds — more than 7,000 people fighting for 550 housing units. Pretty clear that’s not going to work,” Simitian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s important to make sure that it is a thoroughly reviewed project, and that any of the impacts of the projects are fully mitigated. It’s the largest development proposal in the history of Santa Clara County.’\u003ccite>Joe Simitian, Santa Clara County supervisor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Simitian is not alone in his concerns. A group of Palo Alto and Santa Clara County officials wrote a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/civicax/filebank/documents/70025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">letter\u003c/a> detailing their objections, particularly around transit concerns, in February to the county’s director of planning and development. San Mateo County has \u003ca href=\"https://cmo.smcgov.org/blog/2019-05-06/county-san-mateo-cities-urge-santa-clara-county-help-hold-stanford-accountable\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">also sent a letter \u003c/a>to Santa Clara County Supervisors, urging them “to help hold Stanford University accountable for the anticipated impacts to housing, traffic, the environment and residents if it is allowed to expand its campus by more than 20 percent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to make sure that it is a thoroughly reviewed project, and that any of the impacts of the projects are fully mitigated,” he said. “It’s the largest development proposal in the history of Santa Clara County.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately though, Simitian says he expects to “get to ‘yes’,” despite what he sees as “pushback” from the largest landowner in the county as the parties enter what most consider the final stage of the approval process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re going to develop three and a million square feet, then you’ve got to mitigate the impacts,” said Simitian. “It’s that simple.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are those who feel Stanford is promising enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s always baffling to me when the neighbors vilify Stanford.’\u003ccite>Russell Hancock, CEO of Joint Venture Silicon Valley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Russell Hancock, a Stanford \u003ca href=\"https://publicpolicy.stanford.edu/people/russell-hancock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lecturer\u003c/a> and also president and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://jointventure.org/russell-hancock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joint Venture Silicon Valley\u003c/a>, said, “It’s always baffling to me when the neighbors vilify Stanford. This is a world class institution. There would be no Silicon Valley without Stanford.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that many Stanford neighbors enjoy free use of amenities like hiking trails, gardens and museums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get to cheer for Stanford in the Rose Bowl, this is just an amazing community asset,” Hancock said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why does he think there’s resistance to Stanford’s plan?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s growth related,” said Hancock. “There might be other things at play as well. There might be egos and personalities involved that go back generations. But these communities, Palo Alto and Menlo Park [in particular], are deeply concerned about growth, and their citizens are electing representatives who want to curtail all of the growth, and Stanford is a growing institution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The County of Santa Clara Planning and Development Department has been holding a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/opa/newsroom/Pages/stanforduniversitylandusepermithearings.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series of planning commission hearings\u003c/a> to review Stanford University’s General Use Permit application. The last such meeting will be held Thursday, June 27 at 1:30 p.m. in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "In a bid to get Santa Clara County to OK the largest development application in county history, Stanford University unveiled a rejiggered package of housing, transportation and education benefits.",
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"title": "Stanford Wants to Expand, and Hopes $4.7 Billion Community Package Will Convince Officials | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In a bid to get Santa Clara County to green light the largest \u003ca href=\"https://gup.stanford.edu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">development application\u003c/a> in county history, Stanford University on Monday unveiled a rejiggered package of community housing, transportation and education benefits worth $4.7 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford is offering $3.4 billion to build at least 1,115 new housing units — including 575 below-market rate — and $1.17 billion to finance transportation improvements and $138 million to boost Palo Alto Unified School District’s coffers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would constitute most of what the county has asked for, but not all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other things, Stanford is proposing to deliver over the next two decades:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Three quarters of the 2,172 housing units the county demanded, including 575 below-market rate, in the first few years of the expansion, some portion thereof on university land.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$15.25 million in pedestrian, bicycle and transit improvements in San Mateo County and $15.05 million in Palo Alto.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$1.13 billion for the expansion of sustainable commute programs and transit infrastructure projects.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$1.13 billion in fees in lieu of a cap on commute trips affecting campus residents.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>$138.5 million to the Palo Alto Unified School District.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>“It’s a different moment — not only for us — which is reflected in this proposal that we’ve brought forward, but for all of the communities around us,” said Jean McCown, Stanford’s associate vice president for government and community relations, noting Stanford has 8,180 acres of property in San Mateo and Santa Clara counties combined.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have always had long-term, land use plans for our academic teaching and research facilities, and for housing our faculty and students,” McCown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11757029\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11757029\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Santa Clara County officials are concerned Stanford's plans for expansion could worsen traffic in the region, among other concerns.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36468_IMG_8798-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Santa Clara County officials are concerned Stanford’s plans for expansion could worsen traffic in the region, among other concerns. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But that’s not to say the negotiation process every quarter century or so goes smoothly, and that’s proving especially true in the midst of an unprecedented housing crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if Stanford is only planning to grow at the rate of roughly 1% a year, it’s a big entity — in a region already strained by the impacts of explosive economic development paired with inadequate housing and transit development.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘One of the differences today is the extent to which we all clearly understand the significances of our current housing and transportation challenges, not only for our campus and communities, but for the region.’\u003ccite>Jean McCown, Stanford University’s associate vice president for government and community relations\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“One of the differences today is the extent to which we all clearly understand the significances of our current housing and transportation challenges, not only for our campus and communities, but for the region,” McCown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the core of the friction between Stanford and neighboring counties is the extent to which they want the university to respond to the region’s housing crisis. While offering to build the larger portion of the housing Santa Clara County planning officials asked for, Stanford wants to repeal two ordinances that require it to pay affordable housing fees and designate 16% of new housing units as affordable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford also wants credit for half of 1,300 units of graduate student housing that’s already in the pipeline and a 215-unit faculty and staff housing project in Menlo Park. Both were planned independent of the campus expansion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara County Supervisor \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/d5/Pages/home.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joe Simitian\u003c/a> represents the district home to all of the proposed growth and he helped negotiate the last general use plan in 2000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11757058\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11757058\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Once the Santa Clara County Planning Commission decides on a recommendation, yes or no, the Board of Supervisors will vote on whether to approve Stanford's general use plan.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1832x1374.jpg 1832w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1376x1032.jpg 1376w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-1044x783.jpg 1044w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-632x474.jpg 632w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2019/06/RS36461_IMG_8786-qut-536x402.jpg 536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Once the Santa Clara County Planning Commission decides on a recommendation, yes or no, the Board of Supervisors will vote on whether to approve Stanford’s general use plan. \u003ccite>(Rachael Myrow/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Simitian, who hasn’t had the chance to review all 52 pages of Stanford’s latest proposal yet, said “even a cursory reading suggests it’s pretty much more of the same. I can understand why the university would want a bilateral agreement negotiated behind closed doors.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The university is taking about bringing 9,610 new folks to the campus: students, staff, faculty, day workers. And yet has proposed 2,600 beds and 550 housing units. Well, that means there are more than 7,000 people — after you get rid of the student beds — more than 7,000 people fighting for 550 housing units. Pretty clear that’s not going to work,” Simitian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s important to make sure that it is a thoroughly reviewed project, and that any of the impacts of the projects are fully mitigated. It’s the largest development proposal in the history of Santa Clara County.’\u003ccite>Joe Simitian, Santa Clara County supervisor\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Simitian is not alone in his concerns. A group of Palo Alto and Santa Clara County officials wrote a \u003ca href=\"https://www.cityofpaloalto.org/civicax/filebank/documents/70025\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">letter\u003c/a> detailing their objections, particularly around transit concerns, in February to the county’s director of planning and development. San Mateo County has \u003ca href=\"https://cmo.smcgov.org/blog/2019-05-06/county-san-mateo-cities-urge-santa-clara-county-help-hold-stanford-accountable\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">also sent a letter \u003c/a>to Santa Clara County Supervisors, urging them “to help hold Stanford University accountable for the anticipated impacts to housing, traffic, the environment and residents if it is allowed to expand its campus by more than 20 percent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to make sure that it is a thoroughly reviewed project, and that any of the impacts of the projects are fully mitigated,” he said. “It’s the largest development proposal in the history of Santa Clara County.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ultimately though, Simitian says he expects to “get to ‘yes’,” despite what he sees as “pushback” from the largest landowner in the county as the parties enter what most consider the final stage of the approval process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you’re going to develop three and a million square feet, then you’ve got to mitigate the impacts,” said Simitian. “It’s that simple.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are those who feel Stanford is promising enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘It’s always baffling to me when the neighbors vilify Stanford.’\u003ccite>Russell Hancock, CEO of Joint Venture Silicon Valley\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Russell Hancock, a Stanford \u003ca href=\"https://publicpolicy.stanford.edu/people/russell-hancock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">lecturer\u003c/a> and also president and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://jointventure.org/russell-hancock\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Joint Venture Silicon Valley\u003c/a>, said, “It’s always baffling to me when the neighbors vilify Stanford. This is a world class institution. There would be no Silicon Valley without Stanford.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added that many Stanford neighbors enjoy free use of amenities like hiking trails, gardens and museums.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We get to cheer for Stanford in the Rose Bowl, this is just an amazing community asset,” Hancock said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why does he think there’s resistance to Stanford’s plan?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s growth related,” said Hancock. “There might be other things at play as well. There might be egos and personalities involved that go back generations. But these communities, Palo Alto and Menlo Park [in particular], are deeply concerned about growth, and their citizens are electing representatives who want to curtail all of the growth, and Stanford is a growing institution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The County of Santa Clara Planning and Development Department has been holding a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sccgov.org/sites/opa/newsroom/Pages/stanforduniversitylandusepermithearings.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">series of planning commission hearings\u003c/a> to review Stanford University’s General Use Permit application. The last such meeting will be held Thursday, June 27 at 1:30 p.m. in San Jose.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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