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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>Lolita C. Baldor\u003cbr />Associated Press\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Defense Secretary Ash Carter is visiting Silicon Valley on Friday to announce the Pentagon is funding a new venture to develop cutting-edge electronics and sensors that can flex and stretch and could be built into clothing or the skins of ships and aircraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The high-tech investment could lead to wearable health monitors that could be built into military uniforms or used to assist the elderly. Or it could foster thin, bendable sensors that could be tucked into cracks or crevices on weapons, ships or bridges where bulky wiring could never fit. The sensors could telegraph structural problems or trigger repair alerts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the pla the Pentagon will provide $75 million and industry, academia and other sources will contribute $96 million over five years to a newly created high-tech innovation institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consortium, called the Flexible Hybrid Electronic Institute, will be led by California-based FlexTech Alliance and be made up of 162 companies, universities and other groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter is visiting Silicon Valley to detail the initiative -- his second trip to the technology hub in four month, as he works to get the Defense Department to increasingly tap into the region's high-tech expertise and workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given what we've already done, there's truly no limit to what we can achieve together,\" said Carter, in an excerpt of his speech provided to reporters. \"That's why I've been pushing the Pentagon to think outside our five-sided box, and invest in innovation here in Silicon Valley and in tech communities across the country. And now we're taking another step forward.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his first trip in April, Carter launched a new program called Defense Innovation Unit-Experimental aimed at scouting out promising emerging technologies and beefing up the Pentagon's ability to work with high-tech firms. On Friday he will visit the unit's new office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Carter's much-repeated goals is to build better relations with high-tech industry in order to better equip the military force of the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a senior defense official, using such partnerships allows the department to pursue technologies it might not otherwise be able to invest in. And officials are making a strategic bet that the innovations that spring from the projects would also have commercial uses. The official was not authorized to discuss the issue prior to public release, and so spoke on condition of anonymity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For those interested in foreign policy and national security, there are lots of interesting challenges and problems to work on,\" said Carter in another speech excerpt. \"And that's also true for those interested in technology. But the intersection of the two is an opportunity-rich environment.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the Pentagon, flexible hybrid electronics manufacturing is an innovative process at the intersection of the electronics industry and the high-precision printing industry. It can create light-weight sensors that can conform to the curves of the human body or stretch across the structure of an object.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The winning consortium includes major companies like Apple, United Technologies and Hewlett Packard with others that can embed these flexible, bendable electronics into everything from medical devices to supersonic jets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This project is the seventh such private-public partnership to be announced by the Obama administration. Six are led by the Defense Department, and this one will be managed by the Air Force Research Laboratory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month Vice President Joe Biden unveiled one focused on photonics research in Rochester, N.Y., while others included a 3-D printing technology hub in Youngstown, Ohio, and an advanced materials center in Knoxville, Tennessee, Biden's office said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Police Drones: Public Safety Boon or Privacy Invasion?",
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"content": "\u003cp>California law enforcement agencies are looking to fly drones as an affordable and efficient way to monitor crime scenes, pursue suspects and search for lost hikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the capability of the unmanned aircraft to intrude on private spaces and videotape people from afar has raised major red flags among privacy advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers will try to strike a balance between protecting civil liberties and aiding crime-fighting when the Legislature reconvenes Monday and faces a Sept. 11 deadline to pass several bills related to drones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consideration comes as the use of drones by law enforcement is in its early stages in the country. The Federal Aviation Administration has greenlighted more than 100 agencies to fly unmanned aircraft, including the Ventura County Sheriff's Office in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal rules focus on air traffic safety, not privacy, prompting some advocates to call on states and courts to fill the gap before drones become widely used, smaller and more advanced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They have an enormous capacity to intrude upon personal privacy in a way that no technology currently, or in the past, has allowed,\" said Kevin Baker, a lobbyist for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/issues/privacy-technology/surveillance-technologies/domestic-drones\" target=\"_blank\">American Civil Liberties Union\u003c/a>. \"We want to establish a clear set of guidelines up front.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Bill Quirk, D-Hayward, is \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB56\" target=\"_blank\">proposing to set\u003c/a> those guidelines with a bill requiring warrants for surveillance operations over private property. In addition, law enforcement agencies would have to develop privacy policies and abide by standards for storing and deleting footage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU, however, laments that Assembly Bill 56 doesn't go far enough to restrict surveillance in public places and says it should require local elected bodies to approve use of the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Law enforcement groups also criticize the bill, saying it would present practical problems when suspects followed by drones weave through public and private places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a middle ground that nobody likes,\" Quirk said, stressing that limits must be laid out in law before authorities are able to keep an entire city under surveillance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to be very careful about something like that,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/AB_1327_Veto_Message.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">vetoed\u003c/a> legislation last year that would have required a judge's approval for police to conduct some searches with unmanned aircraft, mandating that footage be destroyed after a year. Brown said the measure was too restrictive on law enforcement -- even though 17 other states require warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiapolicechiefs.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=90:areas-of-legislative-interest&catid=20:site-content&Itemid=156\" target=\"_blank\">California Police Chiefs Association\u003c/a> sponsored \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB262\" target=\"_blank\">competing drone legislation\u003c/a> with softer requirements for warrants and safeguarding footage. However, Senate Bill 262 by state Sen. Cathleen Galgiani, D-Stockton, failed to get out of a Senate committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County Sheriff's Sgt. J.D. Nelson acknowledged that privacy concerns over drones are valid, including worry about the two quadcopters recently purchased by his department. However, other advanced technology has the same potential for abuse -- from computer records to remotely operated bomb squad robots, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No question, drones evoke a certain reaction,\" Nelson said. \"If you misuse drones, you are going to get lambasted by the public. And you should.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities say concerns could stem from the use of remotely operated military planes that kill suspected terrorists abroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What sheriffs' departments are using is closer to the guy in the mall flying a little RC 'copter with a Go-Pro camera than a Predator helicopter that's going to be circulating above a city and taking pictures of everyone,\" said Aaron Maguire, a lobbyist for the California State Sheriffs' Association, which supports a ban on armed drones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County officials say its drones, which cost less than $50,000 each, are an affordable alternative to multimillion-dollar helicopters. The sheriff's office held public meetings before buying the drones and accepted ACLU recommendations in setting policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department still needs federal clearance before it can send them on operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While lawmakers try to pre-empt problems with police drones, they are also dealing with the consequences of drones interfering with firefighting helicopters and other planes, and aiding neighborhood snoops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Ted Gaines, R-Rocklin, and Assemblyman Mike Gatto, D-Glendale, are carrying bills that would make it a crime to intentionally fly drones over prisons, public schools and near \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB167\" target=\"_blank\">wildfire\u003c/a>-fighting helicopters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other bills would extend privacy laws that prohibit people from snooping around backyards and sending small planes over houses.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California law enforcement agencies are looking to fly drones as an affordable and efficient way to monitor crime scenes, pursue suspects and search for lost hikers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the capability of the unmanned aircraft to intrude on private spaces and videotape people from afar has raised major red flags among privacy advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California lawmakers will try to strike a balance between protecting civil liberties and aiding crime-fighting when the Legislature reconvenes Monday and faces a Sept. 11 deadline to pass several bills related to drones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The consideration comes as the use of drones by law enforcement is in its early stages in the country. The Federal Aviation Administration has greenlighted more than 100 agencies to fly unmanned aircraft, including the Ventura County Sheriff's Office in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal rules focus on air traffic safety, not privacy, prompting some advocates to call on states and courts to fill the gap before drones become widely used, smaller and more advanced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They have an enormous capacity to intrude upon personal privacy in a way that no technology currently, or in the past, has allowed,\" said Kevin Baker, a lobbyist for the \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/issues/privacy-technology/surveillance-technologies/domestic-drones\" target=\"_blank\">American Civil Liberties Union\u003c/a>. \"We want to establish a clear set of guidelines up front.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Bill Quirk, D-Hayward, is \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB56\" target=\"_blank\">proposing to set\u003c/a> those guidelines with a bill requiring warrants for surveillance operations over private property. In addition, law enforcement agencies would have to develop privacy policies and abide by standards for storing and deleting footage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACLU, however, laments that Assembly Bill 56 doesn't go far enough to restrict surveillance in public places and says it should require local elected bodies to approve use of the technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Law enforcement groups also criticize the bill, saying it would present practical problems when suspects followed by drones weave through public and private places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's a middle ground that nobody likes,\" Quirk said, stressing that limits must be laid out in law before authorities are able to keep an entire city under surveillance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have to be very careful about something like that,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://gov.ca.gov/docs/AB_1327_Veto_Message.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">vetoed\u003c/a> legislation last year that would have required a judge's approval for police to conduct some searches with unmanned aircraft, mandating that footage be destroyed after a year. Brown said the measure was too restrictive on law enforcement -- even though 17 other states require warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiapolicechiefs.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=90:areas-of-legislative-interest&catid=20:site-content&Itemid=156\" target=\"_blank\">California Police Chiefs Association\u003c/a> sponsored \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB262\" target=\"_blank\">competing drone legislation\u003c/a> with softer requirements for warrants and safeguarding footage. However, Senate Bill 262 by state Sen. Cathleen Galgiani, D-Stockton, failed to get out of a Senate committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County Sheriff's Sgt. J.D. Nelson acknowledged that privacy concerns over drones are valid, including worry about the two quadcopters recently purchased by his department. However, other advanced technology has the same potential for abuse -- from computer records to remotely operated bomb squad robots, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No question, drones evoke a certain reaction,\" Nelson said. \"If you misuse drones, you are going to get lambasted by the public. And you should.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Authorities say concerns could stem from the use of remotely operated military planes that kill suspected terrorists abroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What sheriffs' departments are using is closer to the guy in the mall flying a little RC 'copter with a Go-Pro camera than a Predator helicopter that's going to be circulating above a city and taking pictures of everyone,\" said Aaron Maguire, a lobbyist for the California State Sheriffs' Association, which supports a ban on armed drones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alameda County officials say its drones, which cost less than $50,000 each, are an affordable alternative to multimillion-dollar helicopters. The sheriff's office held public meetings before buying the drones and accepted ACLU recommendations in setting policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department still needs federal clearance before it can send them on operations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While lawmakers try to pre-empt problems with police drones, they are also dealing with the consequences of drones interfering with firefighting helicopters and other planes, and aiding neighborhood snoops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Ted Gaines, R-Rocklin, and Assemblyman Mike Gatto, D-Glendale, are carrying bills that would make it a crime to intentionally fly drones over prisons, public schools and near \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160SB167\" target=\"_blank\">wildfire\u003c/a>-fighting helicopters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two other bills would extend privacy laws that prohibit people from snooping around backyards and sending small planes over houses.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Google, which has been expanding far beyond its original business of Internet search advertising, is changing its operating structure by creating a new holding company called Alphabet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says its new structure will give more independence to many of its wide-ranging and ambitious projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the plan announced Monday, Alphabet will be comprised of the core Google business — including Internet search, mapping and YouTube — along with newer businesses that will be managed separately, such as Google Fiber, Nest and the investment arm Google Ventures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google CEO Larry Page will become CEO of the new entity, with his co-founder Sergey Brin serving as president. Longtime Google executive Sundar Pichai, who has taken on increasingly important roles at the company in recent years, will be CEO of the core Google business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change may give investors a clearer picture of how much Google is spending on some of its newer ventures, like its effort to build a self-driving car, develop a glucose-sensing contact lens or install high-speed Internet fiber networks in a number of U.S. cities, said Colin Gillis, an investment analyst at BGC Partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it may not signal much change in the current management structure, since Pichai has already been overseeing many of Google’s core operations, Gillis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google Inc. said its new chief financial officer, Ruth Porat, will hold the same title for both Google and Alphabet. Once the reorganization is complete, the company says its two existing classes of publicly traded stock will continue to trade on the Nasdaq exchange under the ticker symbols “GOOG” and “GOOGL.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mountain View, California, company’s stock was up about 5 percent in after-hours trading following the announcement Monday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s\u003ca href=\"http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2015/08/google-alphabet.html?ncid=newsltushpmg00000003\"> the full announcement\u003c/a>, posted by Larry Page today on Google’s Official Blog. Page shared a bit about how Google came up with the name:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>For [cofounder] Sergey [Brin] and me this is a very exciting new chapter in the life of Google — the birth of Alphabet. We liked the name Alphabet because it means a collection of letters that represent language, one of humanity’s most important innovations, and is the core of how we index with Google search! We also like that it means alpha-bet (Alpha is investment return above benchmark), which we strive for! I should add that we are not intending for this to be a big consumer brand with related products–the whole point is that Alphabet companies should have independence and develop their own brands.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Google, which has been expanding far beyond its original business of Internet search advertising, is changing its operating structure by creating a new holding company called Alphabet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says its new structure will give more independence to many of its wide-ranging and ambitious projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the plan announced Monday, Alphabet will be comprised of the core Google business — including Internet search, mapping and YouTube — along with newer businesses that will be managed separately, such as Google Fiber, Nest and the investment arm Google Ventures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google CEO Larry Page will become CEO of the new entity, with his co-founder Sergey Brin serving as president. Longtime Google executive Sundar Pichai, who has taken on increasingly important roles at the company in recent years, will be CEO of the core Google business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The change may give investors a clearer picture of how much Google is spending on some of its newer ventures, like its effort to build a self-driving car, develop a glucose-sensing contact lens or install high-speed Internet fiber networks in a number of U.S. cities, said Colin Gillis, an investment analyst at BGC Partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it may not signal much change in the current management structure, since Pichai has already been overseeing many of Google’s core operations, Gillis said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google Inc. said its new chief financial officer, Ruth Porat, will hold the same title for both Google and Alphabet. Once the reorganization is complete, the company says its two existing classes of publicly traded stock will continue to trade on the Nasdaq exchange under the ticker symbols “GOOG” and “GOOGL.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mountain View, California, company’s stock was up about 5 percent in after-hours trading following the announcement Monday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s\u003ca href=\"http://googleblog.blogspot.com/2015/08/google-alphabet.html?ncid=newsltushpmg00000003\"> the full announcement\u003c/a>, posted by Larry Page today on Google’s Official Blog. Page shared a bit about how Google came up with the name:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>For [cofounder] Sergey [Brin] and me this is a very exciting new chapter in the life of Google — the birth of Alphabet. We liked the name Alphabet because it means a collection of letters that represent language, one of humanity’s most important innovations, and is the core of how we index with Google search! We also like that it means alpha-bet (Alpha is investment return above benchmark), which we strive for! I should add that we are not intending for this to be a big consumer brand with related products–the whole point is that Alphabet companies should have independence and develop their own brands.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>What does an engineer look like? Last week, female engineers \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/08/05/sexist-reactions-to-an-ad-spark-ilooklikeanengineer-campaign\">lit up Twitter\u003c/a> with the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/ilooklikeanengineer\">#ilooklikeanengineer\u003c/a>, but it’s also a reminder that the faces of women are underrepresented on engineering teams. At companies across Silicon Valley women hold, at best, about a quarter of the tech jobs — and often far fewer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this video, I talked to three female engineers about how they learned to code and what it’s like to work in a field that’s still predominantly male.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayori Selassie got into technology because her mother gave her a computer programming book and made her read it. “She was like, you’re going to do this every day until you figure it out,” Selassie said. “She could see that technology was going to run the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Selassie is now a senior solution engineer at \u003ca href=\"http://www.salesforce.com/\">Salesforce\u003c/a>, where only one in five tech positions are held by women, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.salesforce.com/company/careers/diversity-numbers.jsp\">data \u003c/a>released by the company. Earlier in her career, Selassie saw technology as the ultimate meritocracy. “Who’s going to come in and argue with you and say, no, because you’re a black girl, you’re wrong, or because you’re a woman, you’re wrong?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turned out, it wasn’t that easy. “Now in hindsight, I definitely realize there were lots of obstacles,” Selassie said. “There were lots of incidents that I just chose to ignore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/218279559″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emma Colner took a more circuitous path to coding. While working on a doctorate in psychology, she found writing computer scripts to run experiments to be more fascinating than the experiments themselves. Colner is now a software engineer at \u003ca href=\"https://www.stitchfix.com/\">Stitch Fix\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based startup that uses algorithms to personalize clothing options for women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is founded and led by a female CEO and is heavily staffed by women, but Colner said she’s part of an engineering team that’s 75 percent male.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disproportionate representation of female engineers at Salesforce and Stitch Fix is reflected across the industry. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebayinc.com/stories/news/building-a-more-diverse-ebay-and-paypal/\">The roster of eBay’s tech jobs\u003c/a> includes 24 percent women, while \u003ca href=\"https://www.apple.com/diversity/\">Apple’s tally\u003c/a>, which includes engineers and in-store tech-support positions, amounts to 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/2014/building-a-twitter-we-can-be-proud-of\">Twitter\u003c/a>, women hold only one in 10 tech positions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can be both intimidating and lonely for women who find themselves in the minority as engineers. “I looked around me, at the people who already knew programming, and they were so much more advanced,” Zoe Madden-Wood said. “I didn’t think that I could ever catch up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Madden-Wood got into tech without formal training. She studied Chinese and literature in college and only started diving into computer languages after graduating. Eventually, she learned about \u003ca href=\"https://www.womenwhocode.com\">Women Who Code\u003c/a>, a nonprofit organization that offers coding classes and serves as a forum for like-minded women to share tips and network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The excitement that I got from these groups, the positivity, really kept me going,” Madden-Wood said. “It was what put me over the threshold to become a software engineer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But getting started is apparently easier than staying with a career in tech. According to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acs-24.pdf\">2013 \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acs-24.pdf\">U.S. Census Bureau analysis\u003c/a>, “Among science and engineering graduates, men are employed in a STEM occupation at twice the rate of women: 31 percent compared with 15 percent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conversations about gender imbalance and a lack of advancement for women in Silicon Valley became a focal point in March, when former Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers employee Ellen Pao \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/03/24/final-arguments-in-ellen-pao-gender-discrimination-trial\">lost a gender discrimination lawsuit\u003c/a> against the venture-capital firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes the challenges are subtle, Madden-Wood said. “Women are interrupted more than men. I’ve felt that and nobody notices it,” she said. “I’ve felt like I had to work much harder to get noticed for my work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a lot has been said about why women drop out of tech — from hostile work environments to a lack of advancement opportunities — Colner said there are concrete ways to help women stay in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Stitch Fix, for example, Colner said there’s a clear path for promotion. “They’ve actually thought about a timeline for different milestones that I should hit, guiding me along the process,” she said. “I wish more companies would do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colner is also active as a recruiter for her employer, knowing that women are more likely to join a company that already employs other female engineers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, not too infrequently, when she mentions that she’s a software engineer, there’s a double take. “It’s always a positive reaction,” Colner said. “But there is that moment of surprise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem style=\"line-height: 1.5\">See more on women in tech on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/programs/newsroom/watch/archive/288217\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED NEWSROOM\u003c/a>, a weekly news magazine program. Watch Fridays at 8 p.m. on KQED Public Television 9, listen on Sundays at 6 p.m. on KQED Public Radio 88.5 FM, or watch online \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/programs/newsroom/watch/archive/288217\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What does an engineer look like? Last week, female engineers \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/08/05/sexist-reactions-to-an-ad-spark-ilooklikeanengineer-campaign\">lit up Twitter\u003c/a> with the hashtag \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hashtag/ilooklikeanengineer\">#ilooklikeanengineer\u003c/a>, but it’s also a reminder that the faces of women are underrepresented on engineering teams. At companies across Silicon Valley women hold, at best, about a quarter of the tech jobs — and often far fewer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For this video, I talked to three female engineers about how they learned to code and what it’s like to work in a field that’s still predominantly male.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ayori Selassie got into technology because her mother gave her a computer programming book and made her read it. “She was like, you’re going to do this every day until you figure it out,” Selassie said. “She could see that technology was going to run the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Selassie is now a senior solution engineer at \u003ca href=\"http://www.salesforce.com/\">Salesforce\u003c/a>, where only one in five tech positions are held by women, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.salesforce.com/company/careers/diversity-numbers.jsp\">data \u003c/a>released by the company. Earlier in her career, Selassie saw technology as the ultimate meritocracy. “Who’s going to come in and argue with you and say, no, because you’re a black girl, you’re wrong, or because you’re a woman, you’re wrong?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As it turned out, it wasn’t that easy. “Now in hindsight, I definitely realize there were lots of obstacles,” Selassie said. “There were lots of incidents that I just chose to ignore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/218279559″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/218279559″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Emma Colner took a more circuitous path to coding. While working on a doctorate in psychology, she found writing computer scripts to run experiments to be more fascinating than the experiments themselves. Colner is now a software engineer at \u003ca href=\"https://www.stitchfix.com/\">Stitch Fix\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based startup that uses algorithms to personalize clothing options for women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company is founded and led by a female CEO and is heavily staffed by women, but Colner said she’s part of an engineering team that’s 75 percent male.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The disproportionate representation of female engineers at Salesforce and Stitch Fix is reflected across the industry. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ebayinc.com/stories/news/building-a-more-diverse-ebay-and-paypal/\">The roster of eBay’s tech jobs\u003c/a> includes 24 percent women, while \u003ca href=\"https://www.apple.com/diversity/\">Apple’s tally\u003c/a>, which includes engineers and in-store tech-support positions, amounts to 20 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/2014/building-a-twitter-we-can-be-proud-of\">Twitter\u003c/a>, women hold only one in 10 tech positions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It can be both intimidating and lonely for women who find themselves in the minority as engineers. “I looked around me, at the people who already knew programming, and they were so much more advanced,” Zoe Madden-Wood said. “I didn’t think that I could ever catch up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Madden-Wood got into tech without formal training. She studied Chinese and literature in college and only started diving into computer languages after graduating. Eventually, she learned about \u003ca href=\"https://www.womenwhocode.com\">Women Who Code\u003c/a>, a nonprofit organization that offers coding classes and serves as a forum for like-minded women to share tips and network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The excitement that I got from these groups, the positivity, really kept me going,” Madden-Wood said. “It was what put me over the threshold to become a software engineer.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But getting started is apparently easier than staying with a career in tech. According to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acs-24.pdf\">2013 \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"https://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acs-24.pdf\">U.S. Census Bureau analysis\u003c/a>, “Among science and engineering graduates, men are employed in a STEM occupation at twice the rate of women: 31 percent compared with 15 percent.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conversations about gender imbalance and a lack of advancement for women in Silicon Valley became a focal point in March, when former Kleiner Perkins Caufield & Byers employee Ellen Pao \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/03/24/final-arguments-in-ellen-pao-gender-discrimination-trial\">lost a gender discrimination lawsuit\u003c/a> against the venture-capital firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes the challenges are subtle, Madden-Wood said. “Women are interrupted more than men. I’ve felt that and nobody notices it,” she said. “I’ve felt like I had to work much harder to get noticed for my work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a lot has been said about why women drop out of tech — from hostile work environments to a lack of advancement opportunities — Colner said there are concrete ways to help women stay in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Stitch Fix, for example, Colner said there’s a clear path for promotion. “They’ve actually thought about a timeline for different milestones that I should hit, guiding me along the process,” she said. “I wish more companies would do that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colner is also active as a recruiter for her employer, knowing that women are more likely to join a company that already employs other female engineers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, not too infrequently, when she mentions that she’s a software engineer, there’s a double take. “It’s always a positive reaction,” Colner said. “But there is that moment of surprise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem style=\"line-height: 1.5\">See more on women in tech on \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/programs/newsroom/watch/archive/288217\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">KQED NEWSROOM\u003c/a>, a weekly news magazine program. Watch Fridays at 8 p.m. on KQED Public Television 9, listen on Sundays at 6 p.m. on KQED Public Radio 88.5 FM, or watch online \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/tv/programs/newsroom/watch/archive/288217\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "20 Years Ago Today, 'Captain Trips' Died and the Dot-Com Boom Took Off",
"title": "20 Years Ago Today, 'Captain Trips' Died and the Dot-Com Boom Took Off",
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"content": "\u003cp>[dropcap]T[/dropcap]here are some days when, over a few unforgettable hours, the world seems to shift on its axis. They often involve flames, explosions and splintering steel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other days mark a similar tectonic shift, if only symbolically. One happened 20 years ago on the morning of Aug. 9, 1995, when the Age of Aquarius and the dot-com boom briefly collided, signaling a transition from one era to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first event occurred just before dawn when guitarist Jerry Garcia, founder of the Grateful Dead and one of the iconic symbols of a generation shaped by music, love, and community, \u003ca href=\"http://6thfloor.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/09/the-day-jerry-garcia-died/?_r=0\">was found dead\u003c/a> at Serenity Knolls, a rehab facility in Marin County, just north of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had checked into the site a few days earlier to clean up for an upcoming fall tour. A long-term drug problem, involving mostly heroin and cocaine, had turned Garcia’s diabetic and overweight body into a death trap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jerrygarcia]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was sometimes so incapacitated he couldn’t function,” writes Grateful Dead drummer Bill Kreutzmann in his book, \"Deal: My Three Decades of Drumming, Dreams, and Drugs with the Grateful Dead.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While on stage, Garcia forgot lyrics, missed notes and could often seem listless and disoriented. The gray-bearded guru had significant health problems, made worse by cigarette smoking and the stress of the Dead’s tour schedule. In 1986, he nearly died when he slipped into a diabetic coma, but the Grim Reaper wasn’t ready just then. On Aug. 9, 1995, it was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia was found unresponsive in bed just after 4 a.m. A staff nurse and local paramedics frantically administered CPR, but it was too late: Jerry Garcia, who had just turned 53, was dead of a heart attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Garcia’s body was driven down a winding wooded road to the local coroner, a wildly different scene was occurring 3,000 miles to the east, at Manhattan’s Nasdaq stock market. It was 9:30 a.m. and Netscape Communications was about to go public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8WRo3j5XS-A\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dawn of a New Era\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many investors had high hopes for \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketwatch.com/story/netscape-ipo-ignited-the-boom-taught-some-hard-lessons-20058518550\">Netscape\u003c/a>, which, just eight months earlier, had released the first version of its groundbreaking Web browser, helping to simplify and transform the online experience. The stock was to be offered at $14 per share, but with so much interest they made a high-stakes gamble and doubled the initial price to $28 per share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nothing prepared investors for what happened next. Demand for the Netscape shares was so intense that for almost two hours after the opening bell, trading in Netscape shares couldn't open, as the bids were overwhelming the asks. When it finally opened, the share price shot up. And up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10634431\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/1101960219_400.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10634431\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/1101960219_400-400x527.jpg\" alt=\"A Time magazine cover from February 1996 featured Netscape's Marc Andreessen.\" width=\"400\" height=\"527\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Time magazine cover from February 1996 featured Netscape's Marc Andreessen. \u003ccite>(TIME Magazine)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Within a few moments it hit $71, then later peaked at $75. Venture capitalist John Doerr, an early investor, later recalled: “When I checked the price, I was numb.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By day’s end, Netscape’s stock price had settled in at $58.25, giving the company a market value of $2.9 billion. The firm was only 16 months old and had yet to make a profit, but none of that seemed to matter on the day the Netscape bottle rocket lit up the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>he Netscape IPO was to tech entrepreneurs what the Beatles appearance on the Ed Sullivan show was to pop music fans -- the astonishing moment when a mental door flew open and a new world awaited, in glorious Technicolor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decade later, \u003ca href=\"http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2005/07/25/8266639/index.htm\">Adam Lashinsky spelled out \u003c/a>what Netscape’s IPO meant in Fortune:\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More than any other company, it set the technological, social, and financial tone of the Internet age. Its founders, Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark -- a baby-faced 24-year-old programmer from the Midwest and a restless middle-aged tech pioneer who badly wanted to strike gold again -- inspired a generation of entrepreneurs to try to become tech millionaires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month after Netscape went public, eBay was founded. The following spring, Stanford students Larry Page and Sergey Brin began developing a Web-based “crawling” technology called BackRub, laying the foundation for the creation of Google.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success of the IPO created the term “Netscape Moment” -- a giddy point that marks the starting gun of a new industry and age. Many business historians say the dot-com boom began that day. Soon, everyone was pestering their broker for tips on new companies. Day trading of stocks via online brokers such as Ameritrade or Etrade was now considered a career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like \u003ca href=\"http://www.redhat.com/en/about/company\">Red Hat Software\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.akamai.com/us/en/about/company-history.jsp\">Akamai Technologies\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.theglobe.com/\">theGlobe.com\u003c/a> would surpass even Netscape’s heights, seeing their shares rise more than 400 percent in their first day of trading -- an excitement that former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan famously called “irrational exuberance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Was it? Business was radically and quickly reshaped worldwide by inexpensive communications based on a browser-based Internet. It was the biggest era of U.S. wealth creation in generations. Within five years, the tech-heavy Nasdaq soared from 1,000 companies to more than 5,100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Spontaneous Wake\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in San Francisco, the early glimmers of the Internet gold rush meant little to mourning Grateful Dead fans, who had lost an irreplaceable musical god. A spontaneous citywide wake developed. Mayor Frank Jordan ordered city flags to fly at half-staff\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds gathered in Haight-Ashbury, the low-rent neighborhood that formed a spiritual base for 1960s counterculture. Some sat on the stoop of 710 Ashbury, the ornate house where the Grateful Dead briefly lived, to console, cry, talk it out and get high. Thousands of mourners gathered in Golden Gate Park, listening to tapes of the Dead and creating a makeshift shrine to Jerry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jerrygarciamourners]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That night, Dead guitarist Bob Weir went ahead with a scheduled solo show in Hampton Beach, N.H. “If our dear, departed friend proved anything to us,” Weir told the crowd, “he proved that great music can make sad times better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Deadheads high and low knew better -- an age had passed. Sen. Patrick Leahy said the news of Garcia’s death felt “like I had been kicked in the stomach.” A month earlier, at the band’s final gig with Garcia in Chicago, they ended the show with the song “Box of Rain” and its prescient lyrics: “Such a long long time to be gone/and a short time to be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>\"So Many Roads\" From Garcia's Final Concert\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"400\" height=\"300\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6sFyRQPraJ8\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For Garcia and many Deadheads, that short time was now over. The group had survived the death of other active members -- founding member Ron \"Pigpen\" McKernan succumbed to an internal hemorrhage in 1973, and keyboardist Brent Mydland died from a drug overdose in 1990 -- but the loss of their colorful leader, affectionately known as Captain Trips, was insurmountable. Within four months of Garcia’s passing, the band that had meant so much to so many officially called it quits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the closing bell of the stock market, Netscape shareholders were also in a state of shock, although a delightful one. Many were now staggeringly wealthy. Jim Clark’s 20 percent share was suddenly worth $663 million. Champagne bottles were popped open; toasts were made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heady days were still ahead, but nothing compared with the surreal euphoria of that first day. Netscape’s stock peaked in late 1995 at $171 share, before its market share began to slip. AOL acquired the company in 1999 for $10 billion, but by 2002 it was sliding rapidly and had less than 10 percent of the browser market. In early 2008, AOL finally pulled the plug on the Netscape browser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on that warm August day in 1995, Netheads and Deadheads shared a moment of high drama and importance -- one group thrilling to a colorful dawn, the other wistfully watching a darkening sunset. The zeitgeist was changing. The fading notes of the psychedelic age started to be drowned out by the buzz of red-hot startups. LSD was replaced by IPO. Idealism was out; stock options were in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people made the connection at the time, and soon after Garcia’s death some black humor began circulating in the Silicon Valley high-tech community:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What were Jerry Garcia’s last words?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Netscape opened at WHAT?!”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today is the 20th anniversary of that momentous day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>James Daly is a Bay Area journalist and entrepreneur -- frequently both. He's launched successful publications for TED Curator Chris Anderson (TED Books, Business 2.0) and filmmaker George Lucas (Edutopia), serving as editor in chief of all. Daly has also worked and written for Wired, Forbes, Rolling Stone, Sonoma, Spin, Red Herring, i-D, the San Francisco Chronicle and the Los Angeles Times. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__dropcapShortcode__dropcap\">T\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>here are some days when, over a few unforgettable hours, the world seems to shift on its axis. They often involve flames, explosions and splintering steel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other days mark a similar tectonic shift, if only symbolically. One happened 20 years ago on the morning of Aug. 9, 1995, when the Age of Aquarius and the dot-com boom briefly collided, signaling a transition from one era to the next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first event occurred just before dawn when guitarist Jerry Garcia, founder of the Grateful Dead and one of the iconic symbols of a generation shaped by music, love, and community, \u003ca href=\"http://6thfloor.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/08/09/the-day-jerry-garcia-died/?_r=0\">was found dead\u003c/a> at Serenity Knolls, a rehab facility in Marin County, just north of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had checked into the site a few days earlier to clean up for an upcoming fall tour. A long-term drug problem, involving mostly heroin and cocaine, had turned Garcia’s diabetic and overweight body into a death trap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jerrygarcia]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He was sometimes so incapacitated he couldn’t function,” writes Grateful Dead drummer Bill Kreutzmann in his book, \"Deal: My Three Decades of Drumming, Dreams, and Drugs with the Grateful Dead.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While on stage, Garcia forgot lyrics, missed notes and could often seem listless and disoriented. The gray-bearded guru had significant health problems, made worse by cigarette smoking and the stress of the Dead’s tour schedule. In 1986, he nearly died when he slipped into a diabetic coma, but the Grim Reaper wasn’t ready just then. On Aug. 9, 1995, it was.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia was found unresponsive in bed just after 4 a.m. A staff nurse and local paramedics frantically administered CPR, but it was too late: Jerry Garcia, who had just turned 53, was dead of a heart attack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Garcia’s body was driven down a winding wooded road to the local coroner, a wildly different scene was occurring 3,000 miles to the east, at Manhattan’s Nasdaq stock market. It was 9:30 a.m. and Netscape Communications was about to go public.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/8WRo3j5XS-A'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/8WRo3j5XS-A'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dawn of a New Era\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many investors had high hopes for \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketwatch.com/story/netscape-ipo-ignited-the-boom-taught-some-hard-lessons-20058518550\">Netscape\u003c/a>, which, just eight months earlier, had released the first version of its groundbreaking Web browser, helping to simplify and transform the online experience. The stock was to be offered at $14 per share, but with so much interest they made a high-stakes gamble and doubled the initial price to $28 per share.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nothing prepared investors for what happened next. Demand for the Netscape shares was so intense that for almost two hours after the opening bell, trading in Netscape shares couldn't open, as the bids were overwhelming the asks. When it finally opened, the share price shot up. And up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10634431\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/1101960219_400.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10634431\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/08/1101960219_400-400x527.jpg\" alt=\"A Time magazine cover from February 1996 featured Netscape's Marc Andreessen.\" width=\"400\" height=\"527\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Time magazine cover from February 1996 featured Netscape's Marc Andreessen. \u003ccite>(TIME Magazine)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Within a few moments it hit $71, then later peaked at $75. Venture capitalist John Doerr, an early investor, later recalled: “When I checked the price, I was numb.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By day’s end, Netscape’s stock price had settled in at $58.25, giving the company a market value of $2.9 billion. The firm was only 16 months old and had yet to make a profit, but none of that seemed to matter on the day the Netscape bottle rocket lit up the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>he Netscape IPO was to tech entrepreneurs what the Beatles appearance on the Ed Sullivan show was to pop music fans -- the astonishing moment when a mental door flew open and a new world awaited, in glorious Technicolor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A decade later, \u003ca href=\"http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2005/07/25/8266639/index.htm\">Adam Lashinsky spelled out \u003c/a>what Netscape’s IPO meant in Fortune:\u003cem> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“More than any other company, it set the technological, social, and financial tone of the Internet age. Its founders, Marc Andreessen and Jim Clark -- a baby-faced 24-year-old programmer from the Midwest and a restless middle-aged tech pioneer who badly wanted to strike gold again -- inspired a generation of entrepreneurs to try to become tech millionaires.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A month after Netscape went public, eBay was founded. The following spring, Stanford students Larry Page and Sergey Brin began developing a Web-based “crawling” technology called BackRub, laying the foundation for the creation of Google.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success of the IPO created the term “Netscape Moment” -- a giddy point that marks the starting gun of a new industry and age. Many business historians say the dot-com boom began that day. Soon, everyone was pestering their broker for tips on new companies. Day trading of stocks via online brokers such as Ameritrade or Etrade was now considered a career.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Companies like \u003ca href=\"http://www.redhat.com/en/about/company\">Red Hat Software\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.akamai.com/us/en/about/company-history.jsp\">Akamai Technologies\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.theglobe.com/\">theGlobe.com\u003c/a> would surpass even Netscape’s heights, seeing their shares rise more than 400 percent in their first day of trading -- an excitement that former Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan famously called “irrational exuberance.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Was it? Business was radically and quickly reshaped worldwide by inexpensive communications based on a browser-based Internet. It was the biggest era of U.S. wealth creation in generations. Within five years, the tech-heavy Nasdaq soared from 1,000 companies to more than 5,100.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Spontaneous Wake\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in San Francisco, the early glimmers of the Internet gold rush meant little to mourning Grateful Dead fans, who had lost an irreplaceable musical god. A spontaneous citywide wake developed. Mayor Frank Jordan ordered city flags to fly at half-staff\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hundreds gathered in Haight-Ashbury, the low-rent neighborhood that formed a spiritual base for 1960s counterculture. Some sat on the stoop of 710 Ashbury, the ornate house where the Grateful Dead briefly lived, to console, cry, talk it out and get high. Thousands of mourners gathered in Golden Gate Park, listening to tapes of the Dead and creating a makeshift shrine to Jerry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jerrygarciamourners]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That night, Dead guitarist Bob Weir went ahead with a scheduled solo show in Hampton Beach, N.H. “If our dear, departed friend proved anything to us,” Weir told the crowd, “he proved that great music can make sad times better.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Deadheads high and low knew better -- an age had passed. Sen. Patrick Leahy said the news of Garcia’s death felt “like I had been kicked in the stomach.” A month earlier, at the band’s final gig with Garcia in Chicago, they ended the show with the song “Box of Rain” and its prescient lyrics: “Such a long long time to be gone/and a short time to be there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch2>\"So Many Roads\" From Garcia's Final Concert\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"400\" height=\"300\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/6sFyRQPraJ8\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For Garcia and many Deadheads, that short time was now over. The group had survived the death of other active members -- founding member Ron \"Pigpen\" McKernan succumbed to an internal hemorrhage in 1973, and keyboardist Brent Mydland died from a drug overdose in 1990 -- but the loss of their colorful leader, affectionately known as Captain Trips, was insurmountable. Within four months of Garcia’s passing, the band that had meant so much to so many officially called it quits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the closing bell of the stock market, Netscape shareholders were also in a state of shock, although a delightful one. Many were now staggeringly wealthy. Jim Clark’s 20 percent share was suddenly worth $663 million. Champagne bottles were popped open; toasts were made.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heady days were still ahead, but nothing compared with the surreal euphoria of that first day. Netscape’s stock peaked in late 1995 at $171 share, before its market share began to slip. AOL acquired the company in 1999 for $10 billion, but by 2002 it was sliding rapidly and had less than 10 percent of the browser market. In early 2008, AOL finally pulled the plug on the Netscape browser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But on that warm August day in 1995, Netheads and Deadheads shared a moment of high drama and importance -- one group thrilling to a colorful dawn, the other wistfully watching a darkening sunset. The zeitgeist was changing. The fading notes of the psychedelic age started to be drowned out by the buzz of red-hot startups. LSD was replaced by IPO. Idealism was out; stock options were in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some people made the connection at the time, and soon after Garcia’s death some black humor began circulating in the Silicon Valley high-tech community:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>What were Jerry Garcia’s last words?\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>“Netscape opened at WHAT?!”\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today is the 20th anniversary of that momentous day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update:\u003c/strong> WHYY’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BrianPHickey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Brian Hickey\u003c/a>‘s response to HitchBOT’s misadventure in his city: \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/homepage-feature/item/84788-dont-you-dare-blame-philadelphia-for-hitchbots-death\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Don’t you dare blame Philadelphia for HitchBOT’s death\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> After a bunch of really nice humans helped a hitchhiking robot traverse the length of Canada and most of Germany, the robot was going to try to make it from Massachusetts all the way to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HitchBOT is the brainchild of two Canadian social scientists. As Frauke Zeller and David Harris Smith \u003ca href=\"https://hbr.org/2014/12/what-a-hitchhiking-robot-can-teach-us-about-automated-coworkers\">explained it\u003c/a> in a piece for the Harvard Business Review, it was an experiment meant to spark a discussion “about trust, notions of safety, and about our attitude towards technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his third trip, hitchBOT, a cute robot with kitsch appeal derived from a bucket, a display and noodle appendages, was dropped off at the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Massachusetts, on July 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first few days, things went smoothly: With the help of friendly humans, who gave hitchBOT a ride and also charged him, he \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hillholliday/status/624754518782291968\">hit up Fenway Park\u003c/a> and Providence and New Haven and even crossed off the first item on his \u003ca href=\"http://m.hitchbot.me/usa/bucket-list/\">bucket list\u003c/a>: “See the lights in Times Square.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, he made it to Philadelphia, where Jesse Wellens, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/BFvsGF\">of YouTube fame\u003c/a>, showed him around town in the early morning hours of Saturday. At 3:57 a.m. EDT on Saturday, Wellens tweeted that he was dropping hitchBOT off at Elfreth’s Alley, the oldest residential street in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, that’s where hitchBOT’s journey ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.hitchbot.me/\">On his blog\u003c/a>, the robot wrote that his body was damaged but “my love for humans will never fade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauren O’Neil, a journalist for the CBC, capped the news with a terrible picture:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HitchBOT’s family — aka the researchers — issued this statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“hitchBOT’s trip came to an end last night in Philadelphia after having spent a little over two weeks hitchhiking and visiting sites in Boston, Salem, Gloucester, Marblehead, and New York City. Unfortunately, hitchBOT was vandalized overnight in Philadelphia; sometimes bad things happen to good robots. We know that many of hitchBOT’s fans will be disappointed, but we want them to be assured that this great experiment is not over. For now we will focus on the question “what can be learned from this?” and explore future adventures for robots and humans.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/news/hitchbot-returns-from-german-adventure-with-souvenirs-stories-1.2992755\">In an interview with the CBC back in March\u003c/a>, Smith said he hoped hitchBOT’s journey would lead to some introspection on the way society works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe, he said, it could spark discussion on some big questions like: “What kind of people are we? Are we kind? Do we live in a safe world, you know for the most part?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which leaves us with one question: What does this say about the U.S.?\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Hitchhiking+Robot%27s+Journey+West+Ends+Early+...+In+Philadelphia&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update:\u003c/strong> WHYY’s \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/BrianPHickey\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Brian Hickey\u003c/a>‘s response to HitchBOT’s misadventure in his city: \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsworks.org/index.php/homepage-feature/item/84788-dont-you-dare-blame-philadelphia-for-hitchbots-death\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Don’t you dare blame Philadelphia for HitchBOT’s death\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> After a bunch of really nice humans helped a hitchhiking robot traverse the length of Canada and most of Germany, the robot was going to try to make it from Massachusetts all the way to California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HitchBOT is the brainchild of two Canadian social scientists. As Frauke Zeller and David Harris Smith \u003ca href=\"https://hbr.org/2014/12/what-a-hitchhiking-robot-can-teach-us-about-automated-coworkers\">explained it\u003c/a> in a piece for the Harvard Business Review, it was an experiment meant to spark a discussion “about trust, notions of safety, and about our attitude towards technology.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his third trip, hitchBOT, a cute robot with kitsch appeal derived from a bucket, a display and noodle appendages, was dropped off at the Peabody Essex Museum in Salem, Massachusetts, on July 17.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The first few days, things went smoothly: With the help of friendly humans, who gave hitchBOT a ride and also charged him, he \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/hillholliday/status/624754518782291968\">hit up Fenway Park\u003c/a> and Providence and New Haven and even crossed off the first item on his \u003ca href=\"http://m.hitchbot.me/usa/bucket-list/\">bucket list\u003c/a>: “See the lights in Times Square.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eventually, he made it to Philadelphia, where Jesse Wellens, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/user/BFvsGF\">of YouTube fame\u003c/a>, showed him around town in the early morning hours of Saturday. At 3:57 a.m. EDT on Saturday, Wellens tweeted that he was dropping hitchBOT off at Elfreth’s Alley, the oldest residential street in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unfortunately, that’s where hitchBOT’s journey ended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.hitchbot.me/\">On his blog\u003c/a>, the robot wrote that his body was damaged but “my love for humans will never fade.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lauren O’Neil, a journalist for the CBC, capped the news with a terrible picture:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HitchBOT’s family — aka the researchers — issued this statement:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“hitchBOT’s trip came to an end last night in Philadelphia after having spent a little over two weeks hitchhiking and visiting sites in Boston, Salem, Gloucester, Marblehead, and New York City. Unfortunately, hitchBOT was vandalized overnight in Philadelphia; sometimes bad things happen to good robots. We know that many of hitchBOT’s fans will be disappointed, but we want them to be assured that this great experiment is not over. For now we will focus on the question “what can be learned from this?” and explore future adventures for robots and humans.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/hamilton/news/hitchbot-returns-from-german-adventure-with-souvenirs-stories-1.2992755\">In an interview with the CBC back in March\u003c/a>, Smith said he hoped hitchBOT’s journey would lead to some introspection on the way society works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe, he said, it could spark discussion on some big questions like: “What kind of people are we? Are we kind? Do we live in a safe world, you know for the most part?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Which leaves us with one question: What does this say about the U.S.?\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=A+Hitchhiking+Robot%27s+Journey+West+Ends+Early+...+In+Philadelphia&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Millions of Americans Use Medical Devices That May Be Vulnerable to Hacking",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/08/20150803ScienceMedicaldeviceshacking.mp3\u003cbr>\nYou have passwords for your smart phone and laptop, but what about your pacemaker or insulin pump?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Friday, the federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/AlertsandNotices/ucm456815.htm\">Food and Drug Administration recommended\u003c/a> that all hospitals in California and across the country stop using a medical device that it says is vulnerable to cyber attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Someone will find a reason to change a counter on an insulin pump or take over a defibrillator just because they can.'\u003ccite>Jamie Court,\u003cbr>\nConsumer Watchdog president\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The device is an infusion pump that delivers medications or nutrients to patients. A hacker who accessed it could change the drug dosage to give a patient not enough -- or a lethal amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California security expert Billy Rios says he identified the problem \u003ca href=\"http://xs-sniper.com/blog/\" target=\"_blank\">more than a year ago\u003c/a> and notified the FDA and the Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some of these pumps are really dangerous,\" says Rios, who founded digital security company Laconicly. \"If we ever gain access to a hospital network and we know of a vulnerability affecting a particular device, what that really means is we can go from one location and touch one hundred different devices all at once.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These pumps are not the only medical devices vulnerable to hacking. More than 10 million Americans rely on devices like pacemakers and defibrillators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/MmQZIRJPfLM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium\">(Cyber security expert Billy Rios remotely hacks into Hospira’s Symbiq infusion pump, which the FDA has encouraged all medical centers to stop using .)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are a fan of the Showtime television series \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/63176830\">Homeland\u003c/a>, you may remember an episode where assassins killed the vice president by hacking into his pacemaker and disabling it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This episode wasn’t just Hollywood making up stuff. Former Vice President Dick Cheney was so \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/US/vice-president-dick-cheney-feared-pacemaker-hacking/story?id=20621434\">afraid of a cyber attack on his own pacemaker\u003c/a> that he had the wireless feature on it disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As technology has become more connected, so have medical devices. While some, like pacemakers, can only send information, others, can send and receive data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that leaves some patients vulnerable to a hacker trying to harm them or use their device as a portal to access medical data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All the tools that are required to do software debugging, to get software off of chips and basically to do hardware hacking,\" Rios says, \"it’s become available to just any person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'My biggest fear is that somebody will take out a large number of devices across an institution.'\u003ccite>Kevin McDonald,\u003cbr>\nClinical Information Security Director\u003cbr>\nMayo Clinic\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As a benign or “white hat” hacker, Rios does research in his Half Moon Bay garage to help the Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He proved he could remotely administer a lethal dose of drugs through a patient’s insulin pump. He has also hacked pre-programmed passwords from hundreds of devices. He and his colleague were able to figure out the passwords after acquiring embedded software and technical manuals from several vendors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We knew what those 300 passwords were,\" Rios says. \"We could go to any device we wanted to and we had a set of usernames and passwords that would work against all these devices, and so that was pretty alarming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration, which regulates the sale of medical devices, has been issuing formal guidelines on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suzanne Schwartz is the FDA’s Director of Emergency Preparedness. Last year, she helped publish \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ucm/groups/fdagov-public/@fdagov-meddev-gen/documents/document/ucm356190.pdf\">new recommendations\u003c/a> for how medical device makers should take cyber-security attacks into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19957\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Implantable-medical-devices_graphic_WHITE.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-19957\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Implantable-medical-devices_graphic_WHITE-800x567.jpg\" alt=\"Many there are many implantable medical devices on the market that have vulnerabilities, in fact, the Food and Drug Administration has received approximately 56,000 reports of adverse events associated with the use of infusion pumps, including numerous injuries and deaths. \" width=\"800\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Implantable-medical-devices_graphic_WHITE-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Implantable-medical-devices_graphic_WHITE-400x283.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Implantable-medical-devices_graphic_WHITE-1180x836.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Implantable-medical-devices_graphic_WHITE-960x680.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Implantable-medical-devices_graphic_WHITE.jpg 1493w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are many implantable medical devices on the market that have vulnerabilities, in fact, the Food and Drug Administration has received approximately 56,000 reports of adverse events associated with the use of infusion pumps, including numerous injuries and deaths. \u003ccite>(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"That is something, yes, that we continuously monitor and it’s something important that we want to hear about,\" Schwartz says, \"whether it’s directly from the healthcare organizations or from the medical device manufacturers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Consumer Watchdog president Jamie Court says the FDA’s guidelines for medical devices fall short. He says what's needed is a law -- not recommendations -- requiring medical manufacturers and hospitals to upgrade systems to prevent cyber attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reality is if they don’t someone is going to die,\" Court says. \"Because it’s not safe. Someone will find a reason to change a counter on an insulin pump or take over a defibrillator just because they can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without legally binding rules, medical device security is left in the hands of hospitals and device makers. And they are required to report device malfunctions only if patients are injured or they die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medtronic, the nation's largest medical device manufacturer, has not reported any incidents so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company declined to be interviewed and sent KQED a statement saying it aims to manufacture products that are as safe and secure as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19938\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Kevin-McDonald_Mayo-Clinic_photo.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-19938\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Kevin-McDonald_Mayo-Clinic_photo-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Clinical Information Security Director Kevin McDonald (left) at Mayo Clinic in Minnesota leads a team checking medical devices for software vulnerabilities that could cause a device to be infected with malware or exploited by hackers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Kevin-McDonald_Mayo-Clinic_photo-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Kevin-McDonald_Mayo-Clinic_photo-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Kevin-McDonald_Mayo-Clinic_photo-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Kevin-McDonald_Mayo-Clinic_photo-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Kevin-McDonald_Mayo-Clinic_photo-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clinical Information Security Director Kevin McDonald (left) at Mayo Clinic in Minnesota leads a team checking medical devices for software vulnerabilities that could cause a device to be infected with malware or exploited by hackers. \u003ccite>(Mayo Clinic)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Mayo Clinic cyber security expert Kevin McDonald says, while they haven't been catastrophic, some incidents have already occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Back in 2010,\" he says, \"there was a heart catheterization lab out on the East Coast, that, because of some malware viruses, was put out of business for about three days. So they had to divert their patients to other places.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald leads a team that’s trying to prevent harmful medical incidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My biggest fear,\" he says, \"is that somebody will take out a large number of devices across an institution.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To increase patient safety, the Mayo Clinic brought in researchers to analyze some of the devices it uses. It then reported vulnerabilities to the manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But cyber security expert Rios says no matter what precautions one takes, medical devices are imperfect and will always need monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the end of the day, at the core of it, it's really just a computer,\" he says. \"It's a processor and it's software that someone wrote. And so we can't treat those devices as if they're magical devices; they're not magical devices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While last year the FDA issued guidelines for the manufacture of these devices, this year the agency is expected to \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.fda.gov/fdavoice/index.php/2015/02/moving-toward-a-national-medical-device-postmarket-surveillance-system/\">release additional guidelines\u003c/a> for how companies should update the devices’ software after they’re on the market.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Listen to the story:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2015/08/20150803ScienceMedicaldeviceshacking.mp3\u003cbr>\nYou have passwords for your smart phone and laptop, but what about your pacemaker or insulin pump?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last Friday, the federal \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/MedicalDevices/Safety/AlertsandNotices/ucm456815.htm\">Food and Drug Administration recommended\u003c/a> that all hospitals in California and across the country stop using a medical device that it says is vulnerable to cyber attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'Someone will find a reason to change a counter on an insulin pump or take over a defibrillator just because they can.'\u003ccite>Jamie Court,\u003cbr>\nConsumer Watchdog president\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The device is an infusion pump that delivers medications or nutrients to patients. A hacker who accessed it could change the drug dosage to give a patient not enough -- or a lethal amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California security expert Billy Rios says he identified the problem \u003ca href=\"http://xs-sniper.com/blog/\" target=\"_blank\">more than a year ago\u003c/a> and notified the FDA and the Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some of these pumps are really dangerous,\" says Rios, who founded digital security company Laconicly. \"If we ever gain access to a hospital network and we know of a vulnerability affecting a particular device, what that really means is we can go from one location and touch one hundred different devices all at once.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These pumps are not the only medical devices vulnerable to hacking. More than 10 million Americans rely on devices like pacemakers and defibrillators.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/MmQZIRJPfLM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/MmQZIRJPfLM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-size: medium\">(Cyber security expert Billy Rios remotely hacks into Hospira’s Symbiq infusion pump, which the FDA has encouraged all medical centers to stop using .)\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you are a fan of the Showtime television series \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/63176830\">Homeland\u003c/a>, you may remember an episode where assassins killed the vice president by hacking into his pacemaker and disabling it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This episode wasn’t just Hollywood making up stuff. Former Vice President Dick Cheney was so \u003ca href=\"http://abcnews.go.com/US/vice-president-dick-cheney-feared-pacemaker-hacking/story?id=20621434\">afraid of a cyber attack on his own pacemaker\u003c/a> that he had the wireless feature on it disabled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As technology has become more connected, so have medical devices. While some, like pacemakers, can only send information, others, can send and receive data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that leaves some patients vulnerable to a hacker trying to harm them or use their device as a portal to access medical data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"All the tools that are required to do software debugging, to get software off of chips and basically to do hardware hacking,\" Rios says, \"it’s become available to just any person.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">'My biggest fear is that somebody will take out a large number of devices across an institution.'\u003ccite>Kevin McDonald,\u003cbr>\nClinical Information Security Director\u003cbr>\nMayo Clinic\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>As a benign or “white hat” hacker, Rios does research in his Half Moon Bay garage to help the Department of Homeland Security.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He proved he could remotely administer a lethal dose of drugs through a patient’s insulin pump. He has also hacked pre-programmed passwords from hundreds of devices. He and his colleague were able to figure out the passwords after acquiring embedded software and technical manuals from several vendors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We knew what those 300 passwords were,\" Rios says. \"We could go to any device we wanted to and we had a set of usernames and passwords that would work against all these devices, and so that was pretty alarming.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration, which regulates the sale of medical devices, has been issuing formal guidelines on the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suzanne Schwartz is the FDA’s Director of Emergency Preparedness. Last year, she helped publish \u003ca href=\"http://www.fda.gov/ucm/groups/fdagov-public/@fdagov-meddev-gen/documents/document/ucm356190.pdf\">new recommendations\u003c/a> for how medical device makers should take cyber-security attacks into account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19957\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Implantable-medical-devices_graphic_WHITE.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-19957\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Implantable-medical-devices_graphic_WHITE-800x567.jpg\" alt=\"Many there are many implantable medical devices on the market that have vulnerabilities, in fact, the Food and Drug Administration has received approximately 56,000 reports of adverse events associated with the use of infusion pumps, including numerous injuries and deaths. \" width=\"800\" height=\"567\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Implantable-medical-devices_graphic_WHITE-800x567.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Implantable-medical-devices_graphic_WHITE-400x283.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Implantable-medical-devices_graphic_WHITE-1180x836.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Implantable-medical-devices_graphic_WHITE-960x680.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Implantable-medical-devices_graphic_WHITE.jpg 1493w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are many implantable medical devices on the market that have vulnerabilities, in fact, the Food and Drug Administration has received approximately 56,000 reports of adverse events associated with the use of infusion pumps, including numerous injuries and deaths. \u003ccite>(Massachusetts Institute of Technology)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"That is something, yes, that we continuously monitor and it’s something important that we want to hear about,\" Schwartz says, \"whether it’s directly from the healthcare organizations or from the medical device manufacturers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Consumer Watchdog president Jamie Court says the FDA’s guidelines for medical devices fall short. He says what's needed is a law -- not recommendations -- requiring medical manufacturers and hospitals to upgrade systems to prevent cyber attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The reality is if they don’t someone is going to die,\" Court says. \"Because it’s not safe. Someone will find a reason to change a counter on an insulin pump or take over a defibrillator just because they can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without legally binding rules, medical device security is left in the hands of hospitals and device makers. And they are required to report device malfunctions only if patients are injured or they die.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Medtronic, the nation's largest medical device manufacturer, has not reported any incidents so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company declined to be interviewed and sent KQED a statement saying it aims to manufacture products that are as safe and secure as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_19938\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Kevin-McDonald_Mayo-Clinic_photo.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-19938\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/wp-content/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Kevin-McDonald_Mayo-Clinic_photo-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Clinical Information Security Director Kevin McDonald (left) at Mayo Clinic in Minnesota leads a team checking medical devices for software vulnerabilities that could cause a device to be infected with malware or exploited by hackers.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Kevin-McDonald_Mayo-Clinic_photo-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Kevin-McDonald_Mayo-Clinic_photo-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Kevin-McDonald_Mayo-Clinic_photo-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Kevin-McDonald_Mayo-Clinic_photo-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/13/2015/07/Kevin-McDonald_Mayo-Clinic_photo-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Clinical Information Security Director Kevin McDonald (left) at Mayo Clinic in Minnesota leads a team checking medical devices for software vulnerabilities that could cause a device to be infected with malware or exploited by hackers. \u003ccite>(Mayo Clinic)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But Mayo Clinic cyber security expert Kevin McDonald says, while they haven't been catastrophic, some incidents have already occurred.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Back in 2010,\" he says, \"there was a heart catheterization lab out on the East Coast, that, because of some malware viruses, was put out of business for about three days. So they had to divert their patients to other places.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McDonald leads a team that’s trying to prevent harmful medical incidents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My biggest fear,\" he says, \"is that somebody will take out a large number of devices across an institution.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To increase patient safety, the Mayo Clinic brought in researchers to analyze some of the devices it uses. It then reported vulnerabilities to the manufacturers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But cyber security expert Rios says no matter what precautions one takes, medical devices are imperfect and will always need monitoring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"At the end of the day, at the core of it, it's really just a computer,\" he says. \"It's a processor and it's software that someone wrote. And so we can't treat those devices as if they're magical devices; they're not magical devices.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While last year the FDA issued guidelines for the manufacture of these devices, this year the agency is expected to \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.fda.gov/fdavoice/index.php/2015/02/moving-toward-a-national-medical-device-postmarket-surveillance-system/\">release additional guidelines\u003c/a> for how companies should update the devices’ software after they’re on the market.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: By a 75 to 0 vote on Saturday, the shuttle bus drivers for Apple, eBay, Yahoo and Zynga approved the contract proposal improving wages and benefits.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new labor movement in Silicon Valley continues to roll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, close to 200 bus drivers who shuttle tech workers to and from work for Apple, Yahoo, eBay, Zynga and others will vote on their first union contract to improve wages and benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drivers joined the Teamsters in February and the union has been negotiating with their employer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.compasstransportation.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Compass Transportation\u003c/a>, which has bus yards in San Jose and South San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug Bloch, political director of Teamsters Joint Council 7, wouldn’t disclose details of the wage and benefit package, but said terms were similar to a contract reached with Loop Transportation and 87 Facebook drivers in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those terms included pay increases to $21-$25 an hour and rising to $22.50-$28.50 an hour in three years. On average, drivers now make $18 an hour. The terms also included shift differential pay and a six-hour minimum for drivers who don’t want to work split shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want the playing field leveled. They want what Facebook Teamster shuttle bus drivers got earlier this year,” Bloch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the drivers approve the proposed package, Compass will have to take it back to the tech companies for their approval. Bloch said that will be the biggest challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to increase the cost of doing business for Compass, so they’re going to want more from the tech companies,” he said. “And are the companies willing to shoulder the extra costs that come along with that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryan O’Connell, Compass senior vice president, said in an email: “Our negotiations with the Teamsters Local 853 are ongoing and we will continue to negotiate in good faith to find a solution that is workable for our clients, our employees and Compass.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saturday’s vote comes against the background of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/14/growing-labor-movement-shakes-up-silicon-valley\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a growing labor movement\u003c/a> in Silicon Valley. A coalition of labor unions, faith leaders and community-based organizations has been orchestrating a campaign to improve wages and benefits for service workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the name of Silicon Valley Rising, they have been holding demonstrations in front of tech companies and their vendors, supporting worker legislation and promoting livable wages, affordable housing and corporate responsibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, more than 140 workers at Google Express in Palo Alto filed to \u003ca href=\"http://teamster.org/news/2015/07/google-express-workers-file-representation-teamsters-union\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">join the Teamsters\u003c/a>. These workers receive goods, break them down and package them to be delivered to customers who buy things through Google shopping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The employees make between $13 and $17 an hour with no benefits, Bloch said. They are employed by Adecco, a staffing agency based in Jacksonville, Fla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloch charged that there isn’t job stability. Google Express employees, he said, work for a year and then are notified in a mass email about whether they will be employed the next year. “After two years, they are let go,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for Google said in an email that the company won’t comment on Google Express employees’ plans to unionize. Adecco didn’t return phone calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloch said he expected a union vote in late August.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>UPDATE: By a 75 to 0 vote on Saturday, the shuttle bus drivers for Apple, eBay, Yahoo and Zynga approved the contract proposal improving wages and benefits.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new labor movement in Silicon Valley continues to roll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Saturday, close to 200 bus drivers who shuttle tech workers to and from work for Apple, Yahoo, eBay, Zynga and others will vote on their first union contract to improve wages and benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The drivers joined the Teamsters in February and the union has been negotiating with their employer, \u003ca href=\"http://www.compasstransportation.net/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Compass Transportation\u003c/a>, which has bus yards in San Jose and South San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug Bloch, political director of Teamsters Joint Council 7, wouldn’t disclose details of the wage and benefit package, but said terms were similar to a contract reached with Loop Transportation and 87 Facebook drivers in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those terms included pay increases to $21-$25 an hour and rising to $22.50-$28.50 an hour in three years. On average, drivers now make $18 an hour. The terms also included shift differential pay and a six-hour minimum for drivers who don’t want to work split shifts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They want the playing field leveled. They want what Facebook Teamster shuttle bus drivers got earlier this year,” Bloch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the drivers approve the proposed package, Compass will have to take it back to the tech companies for their approval. Bloch said that will be the biggest challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s going to increase the cost of doing business for Compass, so they’re going to want more from the tech companies,” he said. “And are the companies willing to shoulder the extra costs that come along with that?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bryan O’Connell, Compass senior vice president, said in an email: “Our negotiations with the Teamsters Local 853 are ongoing and we will continue to negotiate in good faith to find a solution that is workable for our clients, our employees and Compass.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saturday’s vote comes against the background of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/07/14/growing-labor-movement-shakes-up-silicon-valley\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a growing labor movement\u003c/a> in Silicon Valley. A coalition of labor unions, faith leaders and community-based organizations has been orchestrating a campaign to improve wages and benefits for service workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the name of Silicon Valley Rising, they have been holding demonstrations in front of tech companies and their vendors, supporting worker legislation and promoting livable wages, affordable housing and corporate responsibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, more than 140 workers at Google Express in Palo Alto filed to \u003ca href=\"http://teamster.org/news/2015/07/google-express-workers-file-representation-teamsters-union\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">join the Teamsters\u003c/a>. These workers receive goods, break them down and package them to be delivered to customers who buy things through Google shopping.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The employees make between $13 and $17 an hour with no benefits, Bloch said. They are employed by Adecco, a staffing agency based in Jacksonville, Fla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloch charged that there isn’t job stability. Google Express employees, he said, work for a year and then are notified in a mass email about whether they will be employed the next year. “After two years, they are let go,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for Google said in an email that the company won’t comment on Google Express employees’ plans to unionize. Adecco didn’t return phone calls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bloch said he expected a union vote in late August.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you’re stopped by a sheriff’s deputy in Los Angeles County, get ready to have your photo taken. The sheriff’s department will equip deputies with mobile facial recognition technology to expand the largest biometric database outside of the FBI, according to procurement documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1957502-la-facial-recognition-dataworks-01-2015-1.html\">$3.5 million contract\u003c/a> with DataWorks Plus LLC that was \u003ca href=\"http://file.lacounty.gov/bos/sop/cms1_223631.pdf\">unanimously approved\u003c/a> by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors provides a seven-year extension to the sheriff’s existing lease for Cognitec Systems’ facial recognition software and hardware – including servers and hundreds of smartphones and tablets – that deputies will use to identify people whom they encounter in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The documents also indicate that the technology will have the ability to compile \u003ca href=\"http://www.laweekly.com/news/forget-the-nsa-the-lapd-spies-on-millions-of-innocent-folks-4473467\">watch lists\u003c/a>, which Los Angeles-area law enforcement officers \u003ca href=\"http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2013/01/lapd-surveillance-cameras-san-fernando-valley.html\">have used\u003c/a> to identify people who have open warrants or were documented as active gang members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/216909332″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, \u003ca href=\"http://www.revealnews.org/article-legacy/la-county-to-collect-more-personal-data-without-public-notice/\">Reveal uncovered\u003c/a> the Los Angeles sheriff’s department initiative to build a massive database of biometric information — fingerprints, iris scans, palm prints and, potentially, voice recordings — taken from arrestees and other people who are stopped by deputies in public. Sheriff’s deputies have been collecting fingerprints with mobile devices for years. However, the new contract significantly increases the number of devices used by deputies to run images of people through the software to identify wanted individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.revealnews.org/article/los-angeles-sheriff-invests-in-new-tech-to-expand-biometric-database/\">Read the full story via Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you’re stopped by a sheriff’s deputy in Los Angeles County, get ready to have your photo taken. The sheriff’s department will equip deputies with mobile facial recognition technology to expand the largest biometric database outside of the FBI, according to procurement documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/1957502-la-facial-recognition-dataworks-01-2015-1.html\">$3.5 million contract\u003c/a> with DataWorks Plus LLC that was \u003ca href=\"http://file.lacounty.gov/bos/sop/cms1_223631.pdf\">unanimously approved\u003c/a> by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors provides a seven-year extension to the sheriff’s existing lease for Cognitec Systems’ facial recognition software and hardware – including servers and hundreds of smartphones and tablets – that deputies will use to identify people whom they encounter in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The documents also indicate that the technology will have the ability to compile \u003ca href=\"http://www.laweekly.com/news/forget-the-nsa-the-lapd-spies-on-millions-of-innocent-folks-4473467\">watch lists\u003c/a>, which Los Angeles-area law enforcement officers \u003ca href=\"http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2013/01/lapd-surveillance-cameras-san-fernando-valley.html\">have used\u003c/a> to identify people who have open warrants or were documented as active gang members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/216909332″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/216909332″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last fall, \u003ca href=\"http://www.revealnews.org/article-legacy/la-county-to-collect-more-personal-data-without-public-notice/\">Reveal uncovered\u003c/a> the Los Angeles sheriff’s department initiative to build a massive database of biometric information — fingerprints, iris scans, palm prints and, potentially, voice recordings — taken from arrestees and other people who are stopped by deputies in public. Sheriff’s deputies have been collecting fingerprints with mobile devices for years. However, the new contract significantly increases the number of devices used by deputies to run images of people through the software to identify wanted individuals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "'RoboUmp' Gives Baseball Fans a Glimpse of the Future",
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"content": "\u003cp>Welcome to the future, baseball fans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>History was made at an independent league baseball game in San Rafael on Tuesday night. Reporter Cyrus Farivar checks in for \u003ca href=\"http://arstechnica.com/business/2015/07/for-the-first-time-sensors-and-a-computer-play-umpire-in-a-pro-baseball-game/\" target=\"_blank\">Ars Technica\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>On a picturesque evening in Marin County just north of San Francisco, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificsbaseball.com/\">San Rafael Pacifics\u003c/a> faced off against the \u003ca href=\"http://vallejoadmirals.com/roster/\">Vallejo Admirals\u003c/a> in what was billed as the first professional baseball game to be called by a piece of technology rather than a person. In this minor league showdown, the role of the balls-and-strikes umpire was played by a mounted three-camera tracking setup synced with a computer. (Two of the cameras are mounted at each end of the upper corner of the grandstands behind the plate; the third sits in center field.) Together, the devices comprise a system better known by its commercial moniker: \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PITCHf/x\">Pitchf/x\u003c/a>. It was soon dubbed \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=%23roboump&src=typd\">#RoboUmp\u003c/a> on Twitter.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But is \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificsbaseball.com/index.php/press-submenu-box-submenu/press-releases2015/678-the-debut-of-the-automatic-umpire-july-28-30-promotions\" target=\"_blank\">\"The Debut of the Automatic Umpire,\"\u003c/a> as the event is being called, more minor league gimmick or technological breakthrough for the great American pastime?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, RoboUmp isn’t going to replace #HumanUmps anytime soon. A league-standard two (human) umpires still worked the game — a home plate umpire was still needed to call fair and foul balls and plays at the plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the robotic system still relies on a living, breathing human to actually verbalize balls and \"striiiiikes.\" Last night, that voice was provided by former A’s (and Rockies, Diamondbacks, Orioles and Mariners) outfielder \u003ca href=\"http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/b/byrneer01.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">Eric Byrnes\u003c/a>, who has taken on RoboUmp as “essentially a passion project,” according to Ars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Byrnes helped organize the two-game debut of RoboUmp as a benefit for the \u003ca href=\"http://pattillmanfoundation.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Pat Tillman Foundation\u003c/a>, promising to donate $10,000 if anyone is ejected for arguing balls and strikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You face [Hall of Fame pitcher] Greg Maddux and he’d get a foot off the plate,\" Byrnes told Ars. \"So if we have a chance to get it right, if we have a chance to get a pitch every time, why would we not?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a sport that is traditionally reluctant to change, more and more people might be inclined to agree with Byrnes’ sentiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel like it speeds the game up more, it gets the hitters to swing at more pitches,\" Joshua Wong, Vallejo Admirals third baseman, told Ars after seeing RoboUmp tests before the game. \"It’s good for the game. Just being more accurate and having better calls is going to help us more.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not quite at RoboUmp levels of technology, Major League Baseball implemented a replay system for the first time last year. So far, replays have largely been viewed as a success -- even when they result in awkward delayed reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the A’s waited two minutes and 45 seconds to celebrate a (challenged) walk-off victory. Wait for it:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://m.mlb.com/shared/video/embed/embed.html?content_id=285289383&topic_id=8878760&width=800&height=448&property=mlb\" width=\"800\" height=\"448\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Ars points out, the technology behind Pitchf/x has been\u003ca href=\"http://m.mlb.com/news/article/2245402/\" target=\"_blank\"> in use for 10 years,\u003c/a> mainly for analytics and broadcast purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for something as crucial to the game as balls and strikes, relying solely on technology might be a bridge too far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob Pomrenke, a producer at the \u003ca href=\"http://sabr.org/\">Society for American Baseball Research\u003c/a>, emailed Ars Technica his take on RoboUmp:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"I'm sure many people around baseball will be watching the debut of this new system to see how it goes. There will always be some kinks to work out and it will be intriguing to see how the players respond (especially to calls they don't like!). The idea of using an automated system to call balls and strikes has been talked about for years. It'll be nice to finally have a real-life example to see how it works at the professional level, but there are still a lot of factors that would have to go into the decision to implement this type of system at the major-league or the affiliated minor-league level. This is a system that is very dependent on precise technology, and even the Pitchf/x system that MLB has used for nearly a decade now continues to have hiccups and glitches that require human intervention.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As for the debut, there were no obvious hiccups or glitches. And no one was ejected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ars' reporter Farivar, the game moved along briskly without controversy, and largely without action. “Chatter in the stands instead focused on the ump, most of it supportive. No one showered the tech with familiar boos or ‘You suck, ump!’ refrains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>RoboUmp will be back in action Wednesday night as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificsbaseball.com/index.php/press-submenu-box-submenu/press-releases2015/678-the-debut-of-the-automatic-umpire-july-28-30-promotions\" target=\"_blank\">two-day event\u003c/a> continues at 7:05 p.m. at \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificsbaseball.com/index.php/albert-submenu-park-submenu/2013-11-15-02-14-13\" target=\"_blank\">Albert Park in San Rafael\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Welcome to the future, baseball fans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>History was made at an independent league baseball game in San Rafael on Tuesday night. Reporter Cyrus Farivar checks in for \u003ca href=\"http://arstechnica.com/business/2015/07/for-the-first-time-sensors-and-a-computer-play-umpire-in-a-pro-baseball-game/\" target=\"_blank\">Ars Technica\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>On a picturesque evening in Marin County just north of San Francisco, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificsbaseball.com/\">San Rafael Pacifics\u003c/a> faced off against the \u003ca href=\"http://vallejoadmirals.com/roster/\">Vallejo Admirals\u003c/a> in what was billed as the first professional baseball game to be called by a piece of technology rather than a person. In this minor league showdown, the role of the balls-and-strikes umpire was played by a mounted three-camera tracking setup synced with a computer. (Two of the cameras are mounted at each end of the upper corner of the grandstands behind the plate; the third sits in center field.) Together, the devices comprise a system better known by its commercial moniker: \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PITCHf/x\">Pitchf/x\u003c/a>. It was soon dubbed \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/search?q=%23roboump&src=typd\">#RoboUmp\u003c/a> on Twitter.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But is \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificsbaseball.com/index.php/press-submenu-box-submenu/press-releases2015/678-the-debut-of-the-automatic-umpire-july-28-30-promotions\" target=\"_blank\">\"The Debut of the Automatic Umpire,\"\u003c/a> as the event is being called, more minor league gimmick or technological breakthrough for the great American pastime?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For starters, RoboUmp isn’t going to replace #HumanUmps anytime soon. A league-standard two (human) umpires still worked the game — a home plate umpire was still needed to call fair and foul balls and plays at the plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, the robotic system still relies on a living, breathing human to actually verbalize balls and \"striiiiikes.\" Last night, that voice was provided by former A’s (and Rockies, Diamondbacks, Orioles and Mariners) outfielder \u003ca href=\"http://www.baseball-reference.com/players/b/byrneer01.shtml\" target=\"_blank\">Eric Byrnes\u003c/a>, who has taken on RoboUmp as “essentially a passion project,” according to Ars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Byrnes helped organize the two-game debut of RoboUmp as a benefit for the \u003ca href=\"http://pattillmanfoundation.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Pat Tillman Foundation\u003c/a>, promising to donate $10,000 if anyone is ejected for arguing balls and strikes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You face [Hall of Fame pitcher] Greg Maddux and he’d get a foot off the plate,\" Byrnes told Ars. \"So if we have a chance to get it right, if we have a chance to get a pitch every time, why would we not?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For a sport that is traditionally reluctant to change, more and more people might be inclined to agree with Byrnes’ sentiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I feel like it speeds the game up more, it gets the hitters to swing at more pitches,\" Joshua Wong, Vallejo Admirals third baseman, told Ars after seeing RoboUmp tests before the game. \"It’s good for the game. Just being more accurate and having better calls is going to help us more.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While not quite at RoboUmp levels of technology, Major League Baseball implemented a replay system for the first time last year. So far, replays have largely been viewed as a success -- even when they result in awkward delayed reactions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the A’s waited two minutes and 45 seconds to celebrate a (challenged) walk-off victory. Wait for it:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://m.mlb.com/shared/video/embed/embed.html?content_id=285289383&topic_id=8878760&width=800&height=448&property=mlb\" width=\"800\" height=\"448\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Ars points out, the technology behind Pitchf/x has been\u003ca href=\"http://m.mlb.com/news/article/2245402/\" target=\"_blank\"> in use for 10 years,\u003c/a> mainly for analytics and broadcast purposes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for something as crucial to the game as balls and strikes, relying solely on technology might be a bridge too far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacob Pomrenke, a producer at the \u003ca href=\"http://sabr.org/\">Society for American Baseball Research\u003c/a>, emailed Ars Technica his take on RoboUmp:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"I'm sure many people around baseball will be watching the debut of this new system to see how it goes. There will always be some kinks to work out and it will be intriguing to see how the players respond (especially to calls they don't like!). The idea of using an automated system to call balls and strikes has been talked about for years. It'll be nice to finally have a real-life example to see how it works at the professional level, but there are still a lot of factors that would have to go into the decision to implement this type of system at the major-league or the affiliated minor-league level. This is a system that is very dependent on precise technology, and even the Pitchf/x system that MLB has used for nearly a decade now continues to have hiccups and glitches that require human intervention.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As for the debut, there were no obvious hiccups or glitches. And no one was ejected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Ars' reporter Farivar, the game moved along briskly without controversy, and largely without action. “Chatter in the stands instead focused on the ump, most of it supportive. No one showered the tech with familiar boos or ‘You suck, ump!’ refrains.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>RoboUmp will be back in action Wednesday night as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificsbaseball.com/index.php/press-submenu-box-submenu/press-releases2015/678-the-debut-of-the-automatic-umpire-july-28-30-promotions\" target=\"_blank\">two-day event\u003c/a> continues at 7:05 p.m. at \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificsbaseball.com/index.php/albert-submenu-park-submenu/2013-11-15-02-14-13\" target=\"_blank\">Albert Park in San Rafael\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "salinas-valley-tries-to-position-itself-as-hub-of-ag-tech-boom",
"title": "Salinas Valley Tries to Position Itself as Hub of Ag Tech Boom",
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"content": "\u003cp>The new Taylor Farms building anchors downtown Salinas. It’s a company built on three generations of farming, a fixture in the Salinas Valley, but perhaps just as important to the future of this region is what happened recently in the temporary tent set up just out front. It’s enormous — the type of tent you’d find at an outdoor wedding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wedding analogy is appropriate because what we have today is a coming together,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/paulnoglows/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paul Noglows\u003c/a> of Forbes. He’s the executive producer of Forbes’ “\u003ca href=\"http://www.forbesconferences.com/event/2015-forbes-reinventing-america-the-agtech-summit/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reinventing America: The AgTech Summit\u003c/a>,” a gathering of farmers, entrepreneurs and investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a coming together of two valleys — the Salinas Valley and Silicon Valley,” Noglows says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/216715046″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This union comes after several years of courtship. Agriculture in the Salinas Valley is typically a family enterprise, and business is often done with people you know. Silicon Valley entrepreneurs have traditionally been treated with a dose of skepticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows that better than John Hartnett of SVG Partners, an investment firm that the city of Salinas hired a few years ago to help connect the two regions around the growing industry of agricultural technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The tech industry has to earn the respect of the ag industry,” Hartnett says, “and also listen to the challenges of the industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hartnett offers a quick tour of some numbers to explain why Silicon Valley is interested in the farm sector. He says investment in ag tech rose from $900 million in 2013 to $2.25 billion in 2014 and is expected to hit $4.2 billion this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to get in on that, Hartnett says entrepreneurs need to be where the farmers are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The next big thing isn’t going to happen in Palo Alto in ag tech if you are not talking to the main experts … the agriculture leaders, growers and farmers,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means understanding the needs of people like Bruce Taylor, CEO of Taylor Farms –- the company with the new building downtown. It produces bagged salads and fresh-cut vegetables. He says the industry is looking for all sorts of solutions, from ways to reduce pesticides to dealing with the labor shortage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It goes from planting to processing to distribution, and so there can be thousands of new products, new ideas that will help us propel the industry forward,” says Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10619656\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/AgTechTaylor.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10619656 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/AgTechTaylor-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The new Taylor Farms headquarters in downtown Salinas. Next to it, a festival tent hosted the Forbes AgTech Summit.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/AgTechTaylor-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/AgTechTaylor-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/AgTechTaylor-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/AgTechTaylor-1400x1050.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/AgTechTaylor-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/AgTechTaylor-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new Taylor Farms headquarters in downtown Salinas. Next to it, a festival tent hosted the Forbes AgTech Summit. \u003ccite>(Krista Almanzan/KAZU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So in the new Taylor Farms building, there will also be a new Center for Innovation and Technology, to be run by the Western Growers Association. It will be a place where ag tech entrepreneurs can find mentorship from the farm industry and make contact with potential investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think Silicon Valley has any sort of monopoly on innovation,” says tech entrepreneur and angel investor Ali Partovi. He was on the ground floor of Facebook and Dropbox, and more recently has been interested in ag tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, the word Silicon Valley is more of a philosophy, and so as far as I’m concerned this building — whether it’s here or anywhere else — you can think of it as representation of that philosophy of innovation and disruption,” said Partovi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s a philosophy from Silicon Valley that will have a permanent home in the Salinas Valley when the innovation center opens in September.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The new Taylor Farms building anchors downtown Salinas. It’s a company built on three generations of farming, a fixture in the Salinas Valley, but perhaps just as important to the future of this region is what happened recently in the temporary tent set up just out front. It’s enormous — the type of tent you’d find at an outdoor wedding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wedding analogy is appropriate because what we have today is a coming together,” says \u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/paulnoglows/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paul Noglows\u003c/a> of Forbes. He’s the executive producer of Forbes’ “\u003ca href=\"http://www.forbesconferences.com/event/2015-forbes-reinventing-america-the-agtech-summit/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Reinventing America: The AgTech Summit\u003c/a>,” a gathering of farmers, entrepreneurs and investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have a coming together of two valleys — the Salinas Valley and Silicon Valley,” Noglows says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/216715046″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/216715046″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This union comes after several years of courtship. Agriculture in the Salinas Valley is typically a family enterprise, and business is often done with people you know. Silicon Valley entrepreneurs have traditionally been treated with a dose of skepticism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one knows that better than John Hartnett of SVG Partners, an investment firm that the city of Salinas hired a few years ago to help connect the two regions around the growing industry of agricultural technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The tech industry has to earn the respect of the ag industry,” Hartnett says, “and also listen to the challenges of the industry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hartnett offers a quick tour of some numbers to explain why Silicon Valley is interested in the farm sector. He says investment in ag tech rose from $900 million in 2013 to $2.25 billion in 2014 and is expected to hit $4.2 billion this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But to get in on that, Hartnett says entrepreneurs need to be where the farmers are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The next big thing isn’t going to happen in Palo Alto in ag tech if you are not talking to the main experts … the agriculture leaders, growers and farmers,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means understanding the needs of people like Bruce Taylor, CEO of Taylor Farms –- the company with the new building downtown. It produces bagged salads and fresh-cut vegetables. He says the industry is looking for all sorts of solutions, from ways to reduce pesticides to dealing with the labor shortage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It goes from planting to processing to distribution, and so there can be thousands of new products, new ideas that will help us propel the industry forward,” says Taylor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10619656\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/AgTechTaylor.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10619656 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/AgTechTaylor-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The new Taylor Farms headquarters in downtown Salinas. Next to it, a festival tent hosted the Forbes AgTech Summit.\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/AgTechTaylor-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/AgTechTaylor-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/AgTechTaylor-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/AgTechTaylor-1400x1050.jpg 1400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/AgTechTaylor-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/07/AgTechTaylor-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The new Taylor Farms headquarters in downtown Salinas. Next to it, a festival tent hosted the Forbes AgTech Summit. \u003ccite>(Krista Almanzan/KAZU)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So in the new Taylor Farms building, there will also be a new Center for Innovation and Technology, to be run by the Western Growers Association. It will be a place where ag tech entrepreneurs can find mentorship from the farm industry and make contact with potential investors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think Silicon Valley has any sort of monopoly on innovation,” says tech entrepreneur and angel investor Ali Partovi. He was on the ground floor of Facebook and Dropbox, and more recently has been interested in ag tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To me, the word Silicon Valley is more of a philosophy, and so as far as I’m concerned this building — whether it’s here or anywhere else — you can think of it as representation of that philosophy of innovation and disruption,” said Partovi.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s a philosophy from Silicon Valley that will have a permanent home in the Salinas Valley when the innovation center opens in September.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>WASHINGTON — Federal safety investigators said Tuesday the crash of a Virgin Galactic spaceship last October was caused by a catastrophic structural failure triggered when the co-pilot unlocked the craft’s braking system early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Transportation Safety Board investigators said the resulting aerodynamic forces caused the brakes to actually be applied without any further action by the crew. Investigators said no safeguards were built into the system to overcome the error of the co-pilot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spaceship \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/10/31/virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-destroyed-in-test-flight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">broke apart over the Mojave Desert\u003c/a> during a test flight on Oct. 31, 2014. The accident killed the co-pilot and seriously injured the pilot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NTSB officials said early in the investigation that the co-pilot prematurely unlocked equipment designed to slow the descent of the spacecraft during initial re-entry. Simply unlocking the spacecraft’s brakes shouldn’t have applied them, but that happened anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In determining the probable cause of the accident, board members were focused on prioritizing the lack of systems put in place to mitigate or overcome human error. Scaled Composites developed the craft for Virgin Galactic, and NTSB member Robert Sumwalt said the company “put all its eggs in the basket” of the crew doing everything correctly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My point is that a single-point human failure has to be anticipated,” Sumwalt said. “The system has to be designed to compensate for the error.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NTSB chairman Christopher Hart said he hoped the investigation will prevent such an accident from happening again. He said the NTSB learned “with a high degree of certainty the events that resulted in the breakup.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of the safety issues that we will hear about today arose not from the novelty of a space launch test flight, but from human factors that were already known elsewhere in transportation,” Hart said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virgin Galactic has been proceeding with its plans for space flight and is now building another craft. Company officials have said in recent months that their commitment to commercial spacecraft has not waivered despite the crash and they expect the company to resume test flights later this year. Eventually, the company envisions flights with six passengers climbing more than 62 miles above Earth.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>WASHINGTON — Federal safety investigators said Tuesday the crash of a Virgin Galactic spaceship last October was caused by a catastrophic structural failure triggered when the co-pilot unlocked the craft’s braking system early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National Transportation Safety Board investigators said the resulting aerodynamic forces caused the brakes to actually be applied without any further action by the crew. Investigators said no safeguards were built into the system to overcome the error of the co-pilot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spaceship \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/10/31/virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-destroyed-in-test-flight\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">broke apart over the Mojave Desert\u003c/a> during a test flight on Oct. 31, 2014. The accident killed the co-pilot and seriously injured the pilot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NTSB officials said early in the investigation that the co-pilot prematurely unlocked equipment designed to slow the descent of the spacecraft during initial re-entry. Simply unlocking the spacecraft’s brakes shouldn’t have applied them, but that happened anyway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In determining the probable cause of the accident, board members were focused on prioritizing the lack of systems put in place to mitigate or overcome human error. Scaled Composites developed the craft for Virgin Galactic, and NTSB member Robert Sumwalt said the company “put all its eggs in the basket” of the crew doing everything correctly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My point is that a single-point human failure has to be anticipated,” Sumwalt said. “The system has to be designed to compensate for the error.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NTSB chairman Christopher Hart said he hoped the investigation will prevent such an accident from happening again. He said the NTSB learned “with a high degree of certainty the events that resulted in the breakup.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of the safety issues that we will hear about today arose not from the novelty of a space launch test flight, but from human factors that were already known elsewhere in transportation,” Hart said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Virgin Galactic has been proceeding with its plans for space flight and is now building another craft. Company officials have said in recent months that their commitment to commercial spacecraft has not waivered despite the crash and they expect the company to resume test flights later this year. Eventually, the company envisions flights with six passengers climbing more than 62 miles above Earth.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
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"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"here-and-now": {
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
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