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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 3:30 p.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> California regulators are meeting privately with officials from Uber to hammer home their demand that the ride-service company immediately stop picking up San Francisco passengers in self-driving cars -- or face legal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safety was sure to be front and center: Dash cam video posted online showed a self-driving Uber run a red light Wednesday, the same day the company launched the pilot program with several Volvo SUVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_CdJ4oae8f4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Publicly, both sides have dug into opposing positions. The state insists Uber must shut down the new self-driving service until it obtains a special permit for testing on public roads, while Uber says the cars are exempt from the permit requirement because they have a backup driver behind the wheel who must monitor the car's performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber attributed the red light infraction to \"human error\" and said the driver had been suspended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 10:30 a.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> The California Department of Motor Vehicles has ordered Uber to halt use of self-driving vehicles, a service the company launched in San Francisco early Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter sent Wednesday afternoon to Anthony Levandowski, the chief of Uber's Advanced Technology Group, DMV Chief Counsel Brian Soublet noted the company did not seek the required state permit for autonomous vehicles. He said the agency is prepared to go to court if Uber fails to immediately pull its self-driving cars -- a group of Volvo XC90s -- off the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is illegal for the company to operate its self-driving vehicles on public roads until it receives an autonomous vehicle testing permit,\" Soublet wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In announcing the launch of the self-driving cars, Uber conceded it had not sought a state permit. The company said that's because its vehicles, which carry a human operator on board to intervene in emergencies, don't meet the state's strict definition of autonomous vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/san-francisco-your-self-driving-uber-is-arriving-now/\" target=\"_blank\">a blog post\u003c/a>, Levandowski also argued that the state should not stand in the way of its experimental vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soublet's letter made it clear the DMV disagrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If Uber does not confirm immediately that it will stop its launch and seek a testing permit, DMV will initiate legal action, including, but not limited to, seeking injunctive relief,\" the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber had no immediate comment on the DMV's letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday morning, the DMV said it had not heard from Uber and that no meetings had been set up with the company to discuss the self-driving cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post (Wednesday):\u003c/strong> The next chapter of humanity's Uber future is dawning, complete with a hint of the regulatory controversy the ride-service company is known for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Self-driving Uber vehicles have been sighted on San Francisco streets since at least October, working on mapping and refining technology launched in Pittsburgh late last summer, and on Wednesday the company announced self-driving Volvo XC90 SUVs will be picking up passengers in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're an UberX customer, you'll be alerted through the ride service's app if a self-driving vehicle has been dispatched to pick you up. You can opt for a standard ride, with driver, if the self-driving thing doesn't appeal to you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"mQwVlsCIDLeD9c8cpOd3uc66EQkefyUu\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says the ride experience will be a little different from its standard UberX service: Passengers won't be able to change destinations once a trip starts, for instance, and the Volvos come with an interior camera system to record customers so the company can \"learn more about how we can improve the self-driving experience for our riders.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The camera system will also reportedly allow passengers to take selfies of themselves to share with the social media universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cars aren't truly driverless: A human operator is on board during the service and sits in the driver's seat, making sure the automated system behaves itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The launch, coming \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/13/s-f-transportation-officials-blame-uber-lyft-for-traffic-congestion/\" target=\"_blank\">amid complaints\u003c/a> from city officials that tens of thousands of ride-service cars are adding to traffic congestion, was accompanied by a video showing an idyllic, gridlock-free San Francisco (with a cameo appearance from Sausalito).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OKJK3_XIGD4\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So after looking at the video -- music by Chicago's GoldFord, by the way -- what's the controversy?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear that Uber, famous for not asking regulators' permission or forgiveness when it wants to do something on the public byways, has gotten an OK from the California Department of Motor Vehicles to run its self-driving service here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The New York Times summarizes the issue and Uber's stance:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“All of our vehicles are compliant with applicable federal and state laws,” an Uber spokeswoman said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said that under California’s DMV definition, autonomous vehicles are those that drive “without the active physical control or monitoring of a natural person.” Uber said its self-driving cars, which require a human behind the wheel to monitor or control them, did not fall under that strict definition.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The DMV, which has granted permits to Google, General Motors and Tesla among others to test autonomous vehicles in the state, issued a statement in response to questions about Uber's self-driving service:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The California DMV encourages the responsible exploration of self-driving cars. We have a permitting process in place to ensure public safety as this technology is being tested. Twenty manufacturers have already obtained permits to test hundreds of cars on California roads. Uber shall do the same.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/san-francisco-your-self-driving-uber-is-arriving-now/\" target=\"_blank\">a blog post\u003c/a> published Wednesday, Anthony Levandowski, the chief of Uber's Advanced Technology Group, argued that the state should get on board with the company's program:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>... There is a more fundamental point — how and when companies should be able to engineer and operate self-driving technology. We have seen different approaches to this question. Most states see the potential benefits, especially when it comes to road safety. And several cities and states have recognized that complex rules and requirements could have the unintended consequence of slowing innovation. Pittsburgh, Arizona, Nevada and Florida in particular have been leaders in this way, and by doing so have made clear that they are pro technology. Our hope is that California, our home state and a leader in much of the world’s dynamism, will take a similar view.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post includes reporting from The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 3:30 p.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> California regulators are meeting privately with officials from Uber to hammer home their demand that the ride-service company immediately stop picking up San Francisco passengers in self-driving cars -- or face legal action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Safety was sure to be front and center: Dash cam video posted online showed a self-driving Uber run a red light Wednesday, the same day the company launched the pilot program with several Volvo SUVs.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/_CdJ4oae8f4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/_CdJ4oae8f4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Publicly, both sides have dug into opposing positions. The state insists Uber must shut down the new self-driving service until it obtains a special permit for testing on public roads, while Uber says the cars are exempt from the permit requirement because they have a backup driver behind the wheel who must monitor the car's performance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber attributed the red light infraction to \"human error\" and said the driver had been suspended.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 10:30 a.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong> The California Department of Motor Vehicles has ordered Uber to halt use of self-driving vehicles, a service the company launched in San Francisco early Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a letter sent Wednesday afternoon to Anthony Levandowski, the chief of Uber's Advanced Technology Group, DMV Chief Counsel Brian Soublet noted the company did not seek the required state permit for autonomous vehicles. He said the agency is prepared to go to court if Uber fails to immediately pull its self-driving cars -- a group of Volvo XC90s -- off the road.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is illegal for the company to operate its self-driving vehicles on public roads until it receives an autonomous vehicle testing permit,\" Soublet wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In announcing the launch of the self-driving cars, Uber conceded it had not sought a state permit. The company said that's because its vehicles, which carry a human operator on board to intervene in emergencies, don't meet the state's strict definition of autonomous vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/san-francisco-your-self-driving-uber-is-arriving-now/\" target=\"_blank\">a blog post\u003c/a>, Levandowski also argued that the state should not stand in the way of its experimental vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soublet's letter made it clear the DMV disagrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If Uber does not confirm immediately that it will stop its launch and seek a testing permit, DMV will initiate legal action, including, but not limited to, seeking injunctive relief,\" the letter said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber had no immediate comment on the DMV's letter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday morning, the DMV said it had not heard from Uber and that no meetings had been set up with the company to discuss the self-driving cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post (Wednesday):\u003c/strong> The next chapter of humanity's Uber future is dawning, complete with a hint of the regulatory controversy the ride-service company is known for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Self-driving Uber vehicles have been sighted on San Francisco streets since at least October, working on mapping and refining technology launched in Pittsburgh late last summer, and on Wednesday the company announced self-driving Volvo XC90 SUVs will be picking up passengers in the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're an UberX customer, you'll be alerted through the ride service's app if a self-driving vehicle has been dispatched to pick you up. You can opt for a standard ride, with driver, if the self-driving thing doesn't appeal to you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says the ride experience will be a little different from its standard UberX service: Passengers won't be able to change destinations once a trip starts, for instance, and the Volvos come with an interior camera system to record customers so the company can \"learn more about how we can improve the self-driving experience for our riders.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The camera system will also reportedly allow passengers to take selfies of themselves to share with the social media universe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cars aren't truly driverless: A human operator is on board during the service and sits in the driver's seat, making sure the automated system behaves itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The launch, coming \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/13/s-f-transportation-officials-blame-uber-lyft-for-traffic-congestion/\" target=\"_blank\">amid complaints\u003c/a> from city officials that tens of thousands of ride-service cars are adding to traffic congestion, was accompanied by a video showing an idyllic, gridlock-free San Francisco (with a cameo appearance from Sausalito).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"800\" height=\"450\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/OKJK3_XIGD4\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So after looking at the video -- music by Chicago's GoldFord, by the way -- what's the controversy?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not clear that Uber, famous for not asking regulators' permission or forgiveness when it wants to do something on the public byways, has gotten an OK from the California Department of Motor Vehicles to run its self-driving service here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The New York Times summarizes the issue and Uber's stance:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“All of our vehicles are compliant with applicable federal and state laws,” an Uber spokeswoman said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company said that under California’s DMV definition, autonomous vehicles are those that drive “without the active physical control or monitoring of a natural person.” Uber said its self-driving cars, which require a human behind the wheel to monitor or control them, did not fall under that strict definition.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The DMV, which has granted permits to Google, General Motors and Tesla among others to test autonomous vehicles in the state, issued a statement in response to questions about Uber's self-driving service:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The California DMV encourages the responsible exploration of self-driving cars. We have a permitting process in place to ensure public safety as this technology is being tested. Twenty manufacturers have already obtained permits to test hundreds of cars on California roads. Uber shall do the same.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/san-francisco-your-self-driving-uber-is-arriving-now/\" target=\"_blank\">a blog post\u003c/a> published Wednesday, Anthony Levandowski, the chief of Uber's Advanced Technology Group, argued that the state should get on board with the company's program:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>... There is a more fundamental point — how and when companies should be able to engineer and operate self-driving technology. We have seen different approaches to this question. Most states see the potential benefits, especially when it comes to road safety. And several cities and states have recognized that complex rules and requirements could have the unintended consequence of slowing innovation. Pittsburgh, Arizona, Nevada and Florida in particular have been leaders in this way, and by doing so have made clear that they are pro technology. Our hope is that California, our home state and a leader in much of the world’s dynamism, will take a similar view.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "These Three Uber Drivers Aren't Worried About Driverless Cars",
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"content": "\u003cp>People across the Bay Area woke up Wednesday morning to the same email I did from one of our hometown ride-hailing services. It told us that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/14/uber-launches-self-driving-car-service-in-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\">self-driving Ubers\u003c/a> would start picking up passengers in San Francisco as part of a pilot program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Self-driving cars have been picking up and dropping off riders on the streets of Pittsburgh for the last 3 months, and now we're excited to bring them to our hometown,\" the email read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11219736\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11219736\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/30037518720_3b22fa4525_o-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A test vehicle in Uber's self-driving car fleet explored San Francisco's streets in October. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A test vehicle in Uber's self-driving car fleet explored San Francisco's streets in October. \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One might expect that San Francisco Uber drivers -- who have often had a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/18/federal-judge-denies-proposed-settlement-in-uber-class-action-suit/\" target=\"_blank\">contentious relationship\u003c/a> with their corporate bosses -- wouldn't be all that excited about the move that many see as a first step that will eventually lead to Uber drivers being put out of their jobs (and that the California Department of Motor Vehicles has said \"must cease\" until Uber gets the proper permit).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at least three Uber drivers giving rides around the Mission and South of Market on Wednesday morning didn't seem too worried about their potential obsolescence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason Bow has been driving part time for Uber for the past two years. He's taking a \"what will be, will be\" approach to the driverless car situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If [Uber with drivers] phases out, then it won't be there,\" Bow said. \"If it goes on longer, then I'll still do it until it's phased out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bow says he drives for Uber only a few hours each week, and he looks at the few hundred dollars a week he earns as \"a cushion.\" But he says things would be different if he relied on Uber for a full-time income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would definitely be concerned if this was my main gig,\" he said. \"I would be very worried.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Uber is Muaad Almaliki's main gig, he says he's not worried. He says as long as Uber stays popular, there will be enough demand to keep drivers like him in a job, regardless of a driverless option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The business is still the same,\" Almaliki said. \"We're going to still get good money for a full-time job anyway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almaliki says he has faith that God -- and the corporate heads at Uber -- will look out for him and his fellow drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe Uber won't leave us alone,\" he said. \"They're going to do something to make us happy, to make good money same as before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terra Brown isn't looking for any divine or corporate intervention to save her job -- she thinks the whole driverless car thing is going to fail because it will cut out the human interaction that she says people want when they use Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With a self-driving car, it's not going to be able to do that,\" Brown said. \"You can't get conversation with a car. What's it going to say to you?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says just as cashiers have survived self-checkout, humans will be necessary to make services like UberEATS keep functioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who's going to pick up the food? The car?\" she asked while laughing. \"Who's going to walk the food up those five flights of stairs? The car? No, it's going to be a human being.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone is as copacetic about the move as these three.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"First, Uber has attempted to avoid labor laws by denying that its drivers are employees,\" said Shannon Liss-Riordan, a Boston-based lawyer who has filed class-action lawsuits against Uber and Lyft on behalf of drivers. \"Next, it is moving to eliminate the drivers altogether, which would be a pretty surefire way not to have to deal with all those pesky worker protections.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>People across the Bay Area woke up Wednesday morning to the same email I did from one of our hometown ride-hailing services. It told us that \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/12/14/uber-launches-self-driving-car-service-in-san-francisco/\" target=\"_blank\">self-driving Ubers\u003c/a> would start picking up passengers in San Francisco as part of a pilot program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Self-driving cars have been picking up and dropping off riders on the streets of Pittsburgh for the last 3 months, and now we're excited to bring them to our hometown,\" the email read.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11219736\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11219736\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/30037518720_3b22fa4525_o-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A test vehicle in Uber's self-driving car fleet explored San Francisco's streets in October. \" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A test vehicle in Uber's self-driving car fleet explored San Francisco's streets in October. \u003ccite>(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One might expect that San Francisco Uber drivers -- who have often had a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/08/18/federal-judge-denies-proposed-settlement-in-uber-class-action-suit/\" target=\"_blank\">contentious relationship\u003c/a> with their corporate bosses -- wouldn't be all that excited about the move that many see as a first step that will eventually lead to Uber drivers being put out of their jobs (and that the California Department of Motor Vehicles has said \"must cease\" until Uber gets the proper permit).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But at least three Uber drivers giving rides around the Mission and South of Market on Wednesday morning didn't seem too worried about their potential obsolescence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jason Bow has been driving part time for Uber for the past two years. He's taking a \"what will be, will be\" approach to the driverless car situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If [Uber with drivers] phases out, then it won't be there,\" Bow said. \"If it goes on longer, then I'll still do it until it's phased out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bow says he drives for Uber only a few hours each week, and he looks at the few hundred dollars a week he earns as \"a cushion.\" But he says things would be different if he relied on Uber for a full-time income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I would definitely be concerned if this was my main gig,\" he said. \"I would be very worried.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although Uber is Muaad Almaliki's main gig, he says he's not worried. He says as long as Uber stays popular, there will be enough demand to keep drivers like him in a job, regardless of a driverless option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The business is still the same,\" Almaliki said. \"We're going to still get good money for a full-time job anyway.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almaliki says he has faith that God -- and the corporate heads at Uber -- will look out for him and his fellow drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I believe Uber won't leave us alone,\" he said. \"They're going to do something to make us happy, to make good money same as before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terra Brown isn't looking for any divine or corporate intervention to save her job -- she thinks the whole driverless car thing is going to fail because it will cut out the human interaction that she says people want when they use Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With a self-driving car, it's not going to be able to do that,\" Brown said. \"You can't get conversation with a car. What's it going to say to you?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says just as cashiers have survived self-checkout, humans will be necessary to make services like UberEATS keep functioning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Who's going to pick up the food? The car?\" she asked while laughing. \"Who's going to walk the food up those five flights of stairs? The car? No, it's going to be a human being.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not everyone is as copacetic about the move as these three.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"First, Uber has attempted to avoid labor laws by denying that its drivers are employees,\" said Shannon Liss-Riordan, a Boston-based lawyer who has filed class-action lawsuits against Uber and Lyft on behalf of drivers. \"Next, it is moving to eliminate the drivers altogether, which would be a pretty surefire way not to have to deal with all those pesky worker protections.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Hank Nguyen is an IT employee at UC San Francisco. Until recently, his daughter wanted to follow in his footsteps and work in information technology. She was accepted at UC Santa Cruz and planned to study computer science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, last July, the letters arrived. The first was the tuition bill from Santa Cruz. The second was a layoff notice from UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF has a total of 565 full-time workers focused on core IT services. The research institute and hospital is cutting some 97 IT jobs –– including 49 full-time workers, 30 contractors and 18 unfilled positions. Those jobs are scheduled to end in February. The work is being outsourced to HCL, a multinational information technology firm headquartered in India. This is one of the two firms \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/14/us/judge-says-disney-didnt-violate-visa-laws-in-layoffs.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Disney took heat over for partnering with last year\u003c/a> when it outsourced 250 IT jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297913715″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is just one example of the kind of globalization and job losses President-elect Donald Trump talked about while campaigning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nguyen cannot believe that this is happening to him, a worker in the tech industry. But it is. He and other IT workers at UCSF are now training their replacements, workers from HCL. “I’m speechless,” he says. “How can they do this to us?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I’m speechless. How can they do this to us?’ \u003ccite>Hank Nguyen, laid-off IT Worker\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nguyen worries he won’t have money to pay for his daughter’s education. She worries her expensive degree won’t lead to a stable career in IT. “I’m unsure about everything now,” Nguyen says. “She’s unsure as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally from Vietnam, Nguyen says he escaped to America in 1981 and he restarted his life here from scratch. He taught himself about computers so he could get a job in the tech world. He thought it was the surest way for him to have a stable, middle-class life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11219856\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11219856 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Hank Nguyen is losing his job because UCSF is working with an outside contractor.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hank Nguyen is losing his job because UCSF is working with an outside contractor. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nguyen thought he had job security. He works with servers, the computers that run company software and handle data. It’s part of a range of back-end IT work that keeps our modern computer-driven world running. But now, much of this IT infrastructure has been shipped overseas, says Ron Hira, a professor of public policy at Howard University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a silent destruction of really important innovation, high-wage, really the knowledge-based economy jobs that we’re supposed to be moving into,” Hira says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says what’s really scary is that we don’t know how many IT jobs America has lost. The government doesn’t keep track of it, he says. Hira has studied IT offshoring for over a decade, and he has been gathering numbers to try to get a picture of this job loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By looking at IT employment abroad in countries like India, and the numbers of workers American companies like IBM now employ overseas, Hira has come up with a rough estimate. He thinks as many as 1.5 million foreign workers could now be doing IT jobs for American companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s huge in scale and scope, and it has long-term ramifications’ \u003ccite>Ron Hira, Howard University public policy professor \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It’s huge in scale and scope, and it has long-term ramifications in terms of innovation, but also in terms of spillover jobs and career ladders for folks,” Hira says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changes in technology like cloud computing have contributed to IT job loss, but Hira says outsourcing has greatly accelerated the trend. And he says the main tool paving the way for outsourcing is the H-1B visa. Hira \u003ca href=\"http://www.epi.org/publication/congressional-testimony-the-impact-of-high-skilled-immigration-on-u-s-workers-4/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gave this testimony\u003c/a> in front of Congress about how the H-1B visa is used to outsource jobs and undercut U.S. workers. HCL is mentioned as a company that depends on the H-1B visa for business operations in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Controversy over this visa has been escalating in recent years. There have been numerous bipartisan attempts in Congress to \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/article/3094126/it-careers/after-12-years-seeking-h-1b-reform-rep-pascrell-tries-again.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reform the visa\u003c/a>. They have all failed. Complaints about the visa range from the offshoring of U.S. jobs to how it can be used to drive down wages and create situations where \u003ca href=\"http://www.pri.org/stories/2013-03-07/h-1b-visas-leave-immigrant-workers-disadvantage-while-some-critics-fume\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">companies can abuse H-1B workers\u003c/a>. Companies like Southern California Edison have been criticized for effectively replacing U.S. workers with H-1B workers. The move led to a federal investigation, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/10/22/55178/feds-conclude-investigation-into-firm-that-provide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">which did not end\u003c/a> in the workers’ favor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This visa cropped up in the presidential race after Disney shipped out 250 of its IT jobs, in part to HCL, the same company UCSF is working with now. Donald Trump at times criticized Disney and the visa. He drew applause at debates by saying the H-1B program should be dismantled, and he championed a laid-off IT worker at Disney who endorsed him. But it is hard to say what he will do in office, since he flip-flopped on the issue several times when pressed about actual policy decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer mediaid=”11219854″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is the back story on the H-1B. The visa is supposed to allow companies to hire the highest-skilled foreign talent. But in reality, outsourcing companies like HCL scoop up the most H-1B visas for lower-level IT workers. These H-1B workers are sent into U.S. companies to see how their IT systems operate, and then they work with large teams abroad, mostly in India, where labor is cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UCSF, eight of the 27 workers in the transition team that HCL sent in to learn the ropes at the school were on H-1B visas, according to UCSF’s Vice Chancellor of University Relations Barbara French. While the transition team had H-1B workers, French says UCSF has a policy not to replace any of the employees losing their jobs with workers on H-1Bs. But now that the transition team has learned the IT needs at UCSF, much of the work can be done offsite and potentially offshore where labor is cheaper. French says HCL will have only 20 workers on the ground at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cutting costs is why UCSF is partnering with HCL, French says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can save $30 million over five years by outsourcing,” French said. She also anticipates that as IT needs grow in coming years, working with HCL could help save more money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>French says UCSF came up with the outsourcing plan after seeing that the competition had already done a similar thing. French says this decision was not taken lightly and that the school held a job fair to find new IT positions within the UC system for employees being laid off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many hospitals have already outsourced parts of their IT infrastructure to cut costs, and other universities are starting to look into doing the same. Meanwhile, UCSF is facing rising health costs and cuts in state funding. “We’re feeling the squeeze,” French says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’re feeling the squeeze’ \u003ccite>Barbara French, UCSF spokeswoman \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>French says UCSF provides around $130 million in charity care for the poor. She says to continue that kind of service, UCSF has to focus only on its core IT services, things like data analysis for researchers, cybersecurity and organizing electronic health records. French says while it is laying off some IT workers by outsourcing to HCL, the university continues to hire new IT workers to do more specialized work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Taking care of patient care IT issues, taking care of research IT issues, that belongs to us,” French says. “We need to be on top of it and grow it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contract with HCL would allow all 10 UC campuses to similarly outsource portions of their IT work. Other schools are not yet making moves to do that, but IT workers at UCSF think this is the beginning of a trend that could spread throughout UC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IT worker Hank Nguyen says it doesn’t make any sense that a state university system training the STEM workers of tomorrow would lay off the STEM workers of today. He says his work was once considered core and specialized, but it is now being outsourced. He worries the same will soon happen to the new IT workers UCSF is now hiring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy Pelosi and state lawmakers are \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/article/3144449/it-outsourcing/pelosi-says-uc-it-workers-are-in-untenable-position.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">calling on UC President Janet Napolitano\u003c/a> to halt the layoffs at UCSF, but there’s no indication she will do that. If she doesn’t, the IT workers will lose their jobs at the end of February.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hank Nguyen is an IT employee at UC San Francisco. Until recently, his daughter wanted to follow in his footsteps and work in information technology. She was accepted at UC Santa Cruz and planned to study computer science.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, last July, the letters arrived. The first was the tuition bill from Santa Cruz. The second was a layoff notice from UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UCSF has a total of 565 full-time workers focused on core IT services. The research institute and hospital is cutting some 97 IT jobs –– including 49 full-time workers, 30 contractors and 18 unfilled positions. Those jobs are scheduled to end in February. The work is being outsourced to HCL, a multinational information technology firm headquartered in India. This is one of the two firms \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/14/us/judge-says-disney-didnt-violate-visa-laws-in-layoffs.html?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Disney took heat over for partnering with last year\u003c/a> when it outsourced 250 IT jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297913715″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297913715″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is just one example of the kind of globalization and job losses President-elect Donald Trump talked about while campaigning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nguyen cannot believe that this is happening to him, a worker in the tech industry. But it is. He and other IT workers at UCSF are now training their replacements, workers from HCL. “I’m speechless,” he says. “How can they do this to us?”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘I’m speechless. How can they do this to us?’ \u003ccite>Hank Nguyen, laid-off IT Worker\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Nguyen worries he won’t have money to pay for his daughter’s education. She worries her expensive degree won’t lead to a stable career in IT. “I’m unsure about everything now,” Nguyen says. “She’s unsure as well.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Originally from Vietnam, Nguyen says he escaped to America in 1981 and he restarted his life here from scratch. He taught himself about computers so he could get a job in the tech world. He thought it was the surest way for him to have a stable, middle-class life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11219856\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11219856 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Hank Nguyen is losing his job because UCSF is working with an outside contractor.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/IMG_0925-e1481741203582-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hank Nguyen is losing his job because UCSF is working with an outside contractor. \u003ccite>(Sam Harnett/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nguyen thought he had job security. He works with servers, the computers that run company software and handle data. It’s part of a range of back-end IT work that keeps our modern computer-driven world running. But now, much of this IT infrastructure has been shipped overseas, says Ron Hira, a professor of public policy at Howard University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a silent destruction of really important innovation, high-wage, really the knowledge-based economy jobs that we’re supposed to be moving into,” Hira says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says what’s really scary is that we don’t know how many IT jobs America has lost. The government doesn’t keep track of it, he says. Hira has studied IT offshoring for over a decade, and he has been gathering numbers to try to get a picture of this job loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By looking at IT employment abroad in countries like India, and the numbers of workers American companies like IBM now employ overseas, Hira has come up with a rough estimate. He thinks as many as 1.5 million foreign workers could now be doing IT jobs for American companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It’s huge in scale and scope, and it has long-term ramifications’ \u003ccite>Ron Hira, Howard University public policy professor \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“It’s huge in scale and scope, and it has long-term ramifications in terms of innovation, but also in terms of spillover jobs and career ladders for folks,” Hira says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changes in technology like cloud computing have contributed to IT job loss, but Hira says outsourcing has greatly accelerated the trend. And he says the main tool paving the way for outsourcing is the H-1B visa. Hira \u003ca href=\"http://www.epi.org/publication/congressional-testimony-the-impact-of-high-skilled-immigration-on-u-s-workers-4/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gave this testimony\u003c/a> in front of Congress about how the H-1B visa is used to outsource jobs and undercut U.S. workers. HCL is mentioned as a company that depends on the H-1B visa for business operations in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Controversy over this visa has been escalating in recent years. There have been numerous bipartisan attempts in Congress to \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/article/3094126/it-careers/after-12-years-seeking-h-1b-reform-rep-pascrell-tries-again.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">reform the visa\u003c/a>. They have all failed. Complaints about the visa range from the offshoring of U.S. jobs to how it can be used to drive down wages and create situations where \u003ca href=\"http://www.pri.org/stories/2013-03-07/h-1b-visas-leave-immigrant-workers-disadvantage-while-some-critics-fume\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">companies can abuse H-1B workers\u003c/a>. Companies like Southern California Edison have been criticized for effectively replacing U.S. workers with H-1B workers. The move led to a federal investigation, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/10/22/55178/feds-conclude-investigation-into-firm-that-provide/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">which did not end\u003c/a> in the workers’ favor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This visa cropped up in the presidential race after Disney shipped out 250 of its IT jobs, in part to HCL, the same company UCSF is working with now. Donald Trump at times criticized Disney and the visa. He drew applause at debates by saying the H-1B program should be dismantled, and he championed a laid-off IT worker at Disney who endorsed him. But it is hard to say what he will do in office, since he flip-flopped on the issue several times when pressed about actual policy decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[jwplayer mediaid=”11219854″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here is the back story on the H-1B. The visa is supposed to allow companies to hire the highest-skilled foreign talent. But in reality, outsourcing companies like HCL scoop up the most H-1B visas for lower-level IT workers. These H-1B workers are sent into U.S. companies to see how their IT systems operate, and then they work with large teams abroad, mostly in India, where labor is cheap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At UCSF, eight of the 27 workers in the transition team that HCL sent in to learn the ropes at the school were on H-1B visas, according to UCSF’s Vice Chancellor of University Relations Barbara French. While the transition team had H-1B workers, French says UCSF has a policy not to replace any of the employees losing their jobs with workers on H-1Bs. But now that the transition team has learned the IT needs at UCSF, much of the work can be done offsite and potentially offshore where labor is cheaper. French says HCL will have only 20 workers on the ground at UCSF.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cutting costs is why UCSF is partnering with HCL, French says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We can save $30 million over five years by outsourcing,” French said. She also anticipates that as IT needs grow in coming years, working with HCL could help save more money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>French says UCSF came up with the outsourcing plan after seeing that the competition had already done a similar thing. French says this decision was not taken lightly and that the school held a job fair to find new IT positions within the UC system for employees being laid off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many hospitals have already outsourced parts of their IT infrastructure to cut costs, and other universities are starting to look into doing the same. Meanwhile, UCSF is facing rising health costs and cuts in state funding. “We’re feeling the squeeze,” French says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘We’re feeling the squeeze’ \u003ccite>Barbara French, UCSF spokeswoman \u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>French says UCSF provides around $130 million in charity care for the poor. She says to continue that kind of service, UCSF has to focus only on its core IT services, things like data analysis for researchers, cybersecurity and organizing electronic health records. French says while it is laying off some IT workers by outsourcing to HCL, the university continues to hire new IT workers to do more specialized work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Taking care of patient care IT issues, taking care of research IT issues, that belongs to us,” French says. “We need to be on top of it and grow it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The contract with HCL would allow all 10 UC campuses to similarly outsource portions of their IT work. Other schools are not yet making moves to do that, but IT workers at UCSF think this is the beginning of a trend that could spread throughout UC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>IT worker Hank Nguyen says it doesn’t make any sense that a state university system training the STEM workers of tomorrow would lay off the STEM workers of today. He says his work was once considered core and specialized, but it is now being outsourced. He worries the same will soon happen to the new IT workers UCSF is now hiring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nancy Pelosi and state lawmakers are \u003ca href=\"http://www.computerworld.com/article/3144449/it-outsourcing/pelosi-says-uc-it-workers-are-in-untenable-position.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">calling on UC President Janet Napolitano\u003c/a> to halt the layoffs at UCSF, but there’s no indication she will do that. If she doesn’t, the IT workers will lose their jobs at the end of February.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Yahoo says it believes hackers stole data from more than 1 billion user accounts in August 2013, in what is thought to be the largest data breach at an email provider.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sunnyvale company was also home to what's now most likely the second-largest hack in history, one that exposed 500 million Yahoo accounts. The company disclosed that breach in September. Yahoo said it hasn't identified the intrusion associated with this theft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yahoo says the information stolen may include names, email addresses, phone numbers, birthdates and security questions and answers. The company says it believes bank-account information and payment-card data were not affected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company said hackers may have also stolen passwords from the affected accounts. Technically, those passwords should be secure; Yahoo said they were scrambled twice -- once by encryption and once by another technique called hashing. But hackers have become adept at cracking secured passwords by assembling huge dictionaries of similarly scrambled phrases and matching them against stolen password databases like Yahoo's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could mean trouble for any users who reused their Yahoo password for other online accounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Questions of Verizon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new hack revelation raises fresh questions about Verizon's $4.8 billion proposed acquisition of Yahoo, and whether the big mobile carrier will seek to modify or abandon its bid. If the hacks cause a user backlash against Yahoo, the company's services wouldn't be as valuable to Verizon. The telecom giant wants Yahoo and its many users to help it build a digital ad business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Verizon said that it will evaluate the situation as Yahoo investigates and will review the \"new development before reaching any final conclusions.\" Verizon spokesman Bob Varettoni declined to answer further questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yahoo said Wednesday that it is requiring users to change their passwords and is invalidating security questions so they can't be used to hack into accounts.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Questions of Verizon\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new hack revelation raises fresh questions about Verizon's $4.8 billion proposed acquisition of Yahoo, and whether the big mobile carrier will seek to modify or abandon its bid. If the hacks cause a user backlash against Yahoo, the company's services wouldn't be as valuable to Verizon. The telecom giant wants Yahoo and its many users to help it build a digital ad business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Verizon said that it will evaluate the situation as Yahoo investigates and will review the \"new development before reaching any final conclusions.\" Verizon spokesman Bob Varettoni declined to answer further questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yahoo said Wednesday that it is requiring users to change their passwords and is invalidating security questions so they can't be used to hack into accounts.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>So just what issues will these global tech companies bring up with the president-elect in their first meeting with him Wednesday? A look at their lobbying interests gives us some clues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JcmiHx5Yf2I\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Alphabet \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">CEO Larry Page is expected to attend Wednesday’s tech summit. Alphabet lobbied in 2016 for a patent reform bill, but the process has been stalled in Washington, D.C. The bills that Alphabet has reported lobbying activity on involve privacy and law enforcement's access to personal data. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Apple\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">CEO Tim Cook will enter the fray with some baggage. Apple declined to support the Republican National Convention because of the president-elect’s sexist and racists comments regarding immigrants. The tension goes both ways; Trump called on consumers to boycott the iPhone because Apple refused to unlock the phone of one of the San Bernardino shooters. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Alphabet, Apple has also been active in lobbying on issues of patent reform. Encryption and protecting consumer data are issues of concern to the industry at large, especially after the revelations made by Edward Snowden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Apple may find common ground with the president-elect. The issue is at the top of Apple’s lobbying list, according to opensecrets.org. Apple has been in the spotlight recently for keeping its profits offshore, and like other tech giants has been calling for corporate tax reform. The president-elect has also said he wants to see a lower corporate tax rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Facebook\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COO Sheryl Sandberg is expected to represent the social media giant at Trump Tower. In terms of lobbying in D.C., Facebook’s focus has been on the issue of homeland security. This includes issues of cybersecurity, data security and privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has come under fire for the proliferation of fake news on its platform, as well as for allegedly aiding terrorists in communication and propaganda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has also lobbied on issues regarding the need to reform government surveillance. While immigration doesn’t top the list of lobbying issues, it is a topic that CEO Mark Zuckerberg has advocated for through a group he backs called Fwd.us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Tesla and SpaceX \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If CEO Elon Musk joins the gathering Wednesday, climate change could be at the top of his list. The famous industrialist is also a vocal advocate for addressing global climate change. Tesla recently acquired SolarCity and is building a gigafactory to produce batteries in Nevada. Another issue that could come up is increasing competition for government contracts. That's because one of Musk's other businesses, SpaceX, makes rocket boosters and is competing against established defense contractors.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">CEO Tim Cook will enter the fray with some baggage. Apple declined to support the Republican National Convention because of the president-elect’s sexist and racists comments regarding immigrants. The tension goes both ways; Trump called on consumers to boycott the iPhone because Apple refused to unlock the phone of one of the San Bernardino shooters. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Alphabet, Apple has also been active in lobbying on issues of patent reform. Encryption and protecting consumer data are issues of concern to the industry at large, especially after the revelations made by Edward Snowden.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Apple may find common ground with the president-elect. The issue is at the top of Apple’s lobbying list, according to opensecrets.org. Apple has been in the spotlight recently for keeping its profits offshore, and like other tech giants has been calling for corporate tax reform. The president-elect has also said he wants to see a lower corporate tax rate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Facebook\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>COO Sheryl Sandberg is expected to represent the social media giant at Trump Tower. In terms of lobbying in D.C., Facebook’s focus has been on the issue of homeland security. This includes issues of cybersecurity, data security and privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has come under fire for the proliferation of fake news on its platform, as well as for allegedly aiding terrorists in communication and propaganda.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has also lobbied on issues regarding the need to reform government surveillance. While immigration doesn’t top the list of lobbying issues, it is a topic that CEO Mark Zuckerberg has advocated for through a group he backs called Fwd.us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Tesla and SpaceX \u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">If CEO Elon Musk joins the gathering Wednesday, climate change could be at the top of his list. The famous industrialist is also a vocal advocate for addressing global climate change. Tesla recently acquired SolarCity and is building a gigafactory to produce batteries in Nevada. Another issue that could come up is increasing competition for government contracts. That's because one of Musk's other businesses, SpaceX, makes rocket boosters and is competing against established defense contractors.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Uber Said It Protects You From Spying, But Security Sources Say Otherwise",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003ci>This story was produced by Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting, a nonprofit news organization based in the San Francisco Bay Area. Learn more at\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://revealnews.org/\">\u003ci> \u003c/i>\u003cspan class=\"s3\">\u003ci>revealnews.org\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003ci> and subscribe to the Reveal podcast, produced with PRX, at\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://revealnews.org/podcast\">\u003ci> \u003c/i>\u003cspan class=\"s3\">\u003ci>revealnews.org/podcast\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003ci>.\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For anyone who’s snagged a ride with Uber, Ward Spangenberg has a warning: Your personal information is not safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internal Uber employees helped ex-boyfriends stalk their ex-girlfriends and searched for the trip information of celebrities such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.beyonce.com/\">Beyoncé\u003c/a>, the company’s former forensic investigator said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Uber’s lack of security regarding its customer data was resulting in Uber employees being able to track high profile politicians, celebrities, and even personal acquaintances of Uber employees, including ex-boyfriends/girlfriends, and ex-spouses,” Spangenberg wrote in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3227535-Spangenberg-Declaration.html\">court declaration\u003c/a>, signed in October under penalty of perjury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After news broke two years ago that executives were using the company’s “God View” feature to track customers in real time without their permission, Uber insisted it had strict policies that prohibited employees from accessing users’ trip information with limited exceptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But five former Uber security professionals told Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting that the company continued to allow broad access even after those assurances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297542697\" params=\"auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"450\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of employees throughout the company, they said, could get details of where and when each customer travels. Those revelations could be especially relevant now that Uber has begun collecting location information \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/28/uber-background-location-data-collection/\">even after a trip ends\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spangenberg is suing the San Francisco-based ride-hailing behemoth for age discrimination (he’s 45) and whistleblower retaliation. He has worked information security jobs for a variety of tech companies. Uber \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3229992-Spangenberg-v-Uber-Wegley-Declaration.html#document/p3/a330016\">tasked\u003c/a> him with helping develop security procedures and responding to problems from around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the security vulnerabilities, Spangenberg said Uber deleted files it was legally obligated to keep. And during government raids of foreign Uber offices, he said the company remotely encrypted its computers to prevent authorities from gathering information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After beginning in March 2015, Spangenberg said he frequently objected to what he believed were reckless and illegal practices, and Uber fired him 11 months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'When I was at the company, you could stalk an ex or look up anyone’s ride with the flimsiest of justifications... It didn’t require anyone’s approval.'\u003ccite>Ward Spangenberg\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I also reported that Uber's lack of security, and allowing all employees to access this information (as opposed to a small security team) was resulting in a violation of governmental regulations regarding data protection and consumer privacy rights,” he stated in the declaration, referring to requirements that companies notify consumers of any breach of personal information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Sierchio, a tech industry veteran who was a senior security engineer at Uber from early 2015 until June of this year, agreed that Uber had particularly weak protections for private information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I was at the company, you could stalk an ex or look up anyone’s ride with the flimsiest of justifications,” he said. “It didn’t require anyone’s approval.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Uber said it maintains strict policies to protect customer data and comply with legal proceedings. It acknowledged that it had fired employees for improper access, putting the number at “fewer than 10.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have hundreds of security and privacy experts working around the clock to protect our data,” Uber said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11217352\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11217352\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-800x1030.jpg\" alt=\"Ward Spangenberg, who was hired by Uber in March 2015, says he frequently objected to what he believed were reckless and illegal practices. Spangenberg was fired and is now suing the ride-hailing behemoth.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1030\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-800x1030.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-160x206.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-1020x1313.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-1180x1519.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-960x1236.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-240x309.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-375x483.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-520x670.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ward Spangenberg, who was hired by Uber in March 2015, says he frequently objected to what he believed were reckless and illegal practices. Spangenberg was fired and is now suing the ride-hailing behemoth. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ward Spangenberg/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This includes enforcing strict policies and technical controls to limit access to user data to authorized employees solely for purposes of their job responsibilities, and all potential violations are quickly and thoroughly investigated,” the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber would not give more details on its technical controls. In practice, the security sources said, Uber’s policy basically relies on the honor system. Employees must agree not to abuse their access. But the company doesn’t actually prevent employees from getting and misusing the private information in the first place, the security sources said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Uber has a history of data problems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Uber has rapidly grown to \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/10/20/uber-app-riders/\">more than 40 million users\u003c/a> worldwide, the gig-economy giant has also been dogged by leaks, hacks and privacy scandals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, BuzzFeed \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/johanabhuiyan/uber-is-investigating-its-top-new-york-executive-for-privacy?utm_term=.li5brZd0wd#.qs5GAa7dV7\">reported\u003c/a> that an Uber official had tracked its reporter’s movements without her permission, around the same time another executive\u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/bensmith/uber-executive-suggests-digging-up-dirt-on-journalists?utm_term=.mr97kE6Ya#.rpn57o41a\"> suggested\u003c/a> digging up dirt on critical journalists. The controversy -- and an entrepreneur’s\u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2014/10/03/god-view-uber-allegedly-stalked-users-for-party-goers-viewing-pleasure\"> claim\u003c/a> that he was tracked as well -- drew attention to the company’s internal God View tool, which provided a real-time aerial view of Uber cars in a city and details of who was inside of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It later came out that a data breach that year exposed the personal information of\u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/statement-update/\"> more than 100,000\u003c/a> drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the embarrassments of 2014, Uber hired chief security officer Joe Sullivan, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.recode.net/2016/4/14/11586130/potus-taps-uber-chief-security-officer-to-be-a-part-of-a-cyber\">prominent\u003c/a> tech figure who previously held that post at Facebook and used to be a federal prosecutor. His team drew heavily from Facebook, including chief information security officer John “Four” Flynn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Trade Commission, the consumer protection agency, is investigating Uber’s information security practices and recently deposed Sullivan, according to security sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spangenberg and Sierchio -- as well as three other former Uber security professionals granted anonymity to confirm their accounts -- describe a startup culture that pushed back against security protections in favor of unbridled growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Early on, ‘growth at all costs’ was the mantra, so you can imagine that security was an afterthought,” said Sierchio, whose tech career includes designing video games for Atari in the early 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after Uber assembled a security team, the pushback continued when employees raised concerns, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things I was told is, ‘It’s not a security company,’ ” Sierchio said. Spangenberg said he was told the same thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As disclosures about God View sizzled on the internet in 2014, the company posted a\u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/ubers-data-privacy-policy/\"> statement\u003c/a> saying that, “Uber has a strict policy prohibiting all employees at every level from accessing a rider or driver’s data. The only exception to this policy is for a limited set of legitimate business purposes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11217361\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11217361\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/GodView800-800x528.jpg\" alt=\"Uber came under fire in 2014 for its internal “God View” feature, which provided a real-time aerial view of citywide Uber cars and details of who was inside of them.\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/GodView800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/GodView800-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/GodView800-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/GodView800-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/GodView800-520x343.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Uber came under fire in 2014 for its internal “God View” feature, which provided a real-time aerial view of citywide Uber cars and details of who was inside them. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Uber)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers, including Sen. Al Franken, D-Minnesota, \u003ca href=\"https://www.franken.senate.gov/files/letter/141119UberLetter.pdf\">demanded\u003c/a> details about those “legitimate business purposes.” Franken later\u003ca href=\"https://www.franken.senate.gov/?p=press_release&id=3005\"> wrote\u003c/a> he was “concerned about the surprising lack of detail in their response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sierchio, who said he was pushed out in June, said the company’s policy limiting access was “never enforced.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an investigation by New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman, Uber\u003ca href=\"http://www.ag.ny.gov/press-release/ag-schneiderman-announces-settlement-uber-enhance-rider-privacy\"> settled\u003c/a> in January and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3227663-NY-Attorney-General-Uber-AOD.html\">promised\u003c/a> to \u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>limit access\u003cstrong>” \u003c/strong>to real-time trip data “to designated employees with a legitimate business purpose.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after the attorney general settlement, Spangenberg and Sierchio said thousands of employees could still search Uber’s database to get real-time ride information. The company said it complies with the settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber did adopt some reforms. There was a pop-up message warning employees that their activity was being monitored, but few took it seriously, Spangenberg said. Another change flagged searches for customers considered “MVPs.” But that didn’t protect anyone not labeled an MVP, Spangenberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also changed the name of God View to Heaven View, Spangenberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An internal audit team searched for abnormalities in all the database activity to nab employees tracking customer data illicitly, said Spangenberg, who assisted the investigations. Those they caught were referred to HR to be fired, he said\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you knew what you were doing, you could get away with it forever,” Spangenberg said. “The access is always there, so it was a matter of whether you got caught in the noise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many employees, Uber said, need access for reasons such as providing customer refunds and investigating traffic accidents. The company added that it blocks some teams of employees from getting the data without approval, though it did not specify which teams or how the approval process works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers’ personal details, including Social Security numbers, were also available to all Uber employees, Spangenberg said in his declaration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"1iKVIb5o3LO7lXA26U50MLETzptTCxXl\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spangenberg said he argued for shutting off access to sensitive data for those who didn’t need it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would say, ‘We can’t keep this information, you can’t allow this information to be stored like this, you can’t leave it all connected like this,’ ” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber, in its statement, said, “We have made significant investment in tightening our access controls during the past several years. Allegations that simply acknowledging our policy in a pop-up window would provide access to customer data for unauthorized employees are not correct in our current environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to his \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3227662-Spangenberg-v-Uber.html\">lawsuit\u003c/a>, Uber told Spangenberg he was fired for violating a code of conduct and reformatting his computer, which erases everything on it. He said he deleted and began rebuilding his laptop because it had crashed, and that it was common practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also got in trouble for accessing emails that dealt with his own job performance review. Spangenberg said he was only testing out a program to search company emails. The whole thing was a pretext, he said, to get rid of him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In court \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3234776-Spangenberg-v-Uber-Response.html\">filings\u003c/a>, Uber responded that it “generally denies each and every allegation” made by Spangenberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lawsuit says Uber destroyed documents\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spangenberg accuses Uber of destroying information he believed it was obligated to preserve. “Uber routinely deleted files which were subject to litigation holds, which was another practice I objected to,” his declaration says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A company can face legal penalties or be held in contempt of court for scrubbing evidence it was supposed to keep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among his duties, Spangenberg said he was also a point person when foreign government agencies raided company offices abroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Uber would lock down the office and immediately cut all connectivity so that law enforcement could not access Uber's information,” his declaration states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2015, for example, the tax agency Revenu Quebec raided Uber’s Montreal office to gather evidence of tax evasion. Spangenberg said he worked from San Francisco to encrypt the office’s computers\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My job was to just make sure that any time a laptop was seized, the protocol locked the laptops up,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, Quebec investigators -- armed with a warrant to copy information from Uber computers -- went back to a judge to say the computers had been remotely restarted and apparently encrypted, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3227561-Uber-Montreal-Superior-Court-Judgment.html#document/p4/a330341\">court records\u003c/a>. They got permission to take the computers with them, but the machines are of little value if the information on them stays encrypted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to encrypt data once a government search is in process “raises red flags and serious concerns,” said Judith Germano, a cybersecurity expert and former federal prosecutor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A company could argue it was protecting sensitive information, she said. But if a judge determined it was a deliberate effort to hide evidence, the judge could impose legal sanctions or fines\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> and order the company to decrypt the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its statement, Uber said, “We’ve had robust litigation hold procedures in place from our very first lawsuit to prevent deletion of emails relevant to ongoing litigation.” Uber said it has an obligation to protect personal information and that “we cooperate with authorities when they come to us with appropriate legal process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber challenged the Quebec search warrants in court, but in May, a Canadian judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3227561-Uber-Montreal-Superior-Court-Judgment.html#document/p37/a330342\">wrote\u003c/a> in French that Uber’s actions had “all the characteristics of an attempt to obstruct justice,” suggesting that “Uber wanted to shield evidence of its illegal conduct.” Uber is still appealing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking back, Spangenberg describes a tangle of questionable practices and gaping vulnerabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only information, truthfully, that I ever felt was safe inside of Uber is your credit card information,” he said. “Because it’s not stored by Uber.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was edited by Andy Donohue and copy edited by Nadia Wynter.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You can reach Will Evans at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:wevans@revealnews.org\">\u003cem>wevans@revealnews.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. Follow him on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://twitter.com/willcir\">\u003cem>@WillCIR\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"p1\">\u003cspan class=\"s1\">\u003ci>This story was produced by Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting, a nonprofit news organization based in the San Francisco Bay Area. Learn more at\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://revealnews.org/\">\u003ci> \u003c/i>\u003cspan class=\"s3\">\u003ci>revealnews.org\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003ci> and subscribe to the Reveal podcast, produced with PRX, at\u003c/i>\u003ca href=\"http://revealnews.org/podcast\">\u003ci> \u003c/i>\u003cspan class=\"s3\">\u003ci>revealnews.org/podcast\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003ci>.\u003c/i>\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For anyone who’s snagged a ride with Uber, Ward Spangenberg has a warning: Your personal information is not safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Internal Uber employees helped ex-boyfriends stalk their ex-girlfriends and searched for the trip information of celebrities such as \u003ca href=\"http://www.beyonce.com/\">Beyoncé\u003c/a>, the company’s former forensic investigator said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Uber’s lack of security regarding its customer data was resulting in Uber employees being able to track high profile politicians, celebrities, and even personal acquaintances of Uber employees, including ex-boyfriends/girlfriends, and ex-spouses,” Spangenberg wrote in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3227535-Spangenberg-Declaration.html\">court declaration\u003c/a>, signed in October under penalty of perjury.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After news broke two years ago that executives were using the company’s “God View” feature to track customers in real time without their permission, Uber insisted it had strict policies that prohibited employees from accessing users’ trip information with limited exceptions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But five former Uber security professionals told Reveal from The Center for Investigative Reporting that the company continued to allow broad access even after those assurances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='450'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297542697&visual=true&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/297542697'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thousands of employees throughout the company, they said, could get details of where and when each customer travels. Those revelations could be especially relevant now that Uber has begun collecting location information \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2016/11/28/uber-background-location-data-collection/\">even after a trip ends\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spangenberg is suing the San Francisco-based ride-hailing behemoth for age discrimination (he’s 45) and whistleblower retaliation. He has worked information security jobs for a variety of tech companies. Uber \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3229992-Spangenberg-v-Uber-Wegley-Declaration.html#document/p3/a330016\">tasked\u003c/a> him with helping develop security procedures and responding to problems from around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the security vulnerabilities, Spangenberg said Uber deleted files it was legally obligated to keep. And during government raids of foreign Uber offices, he said the company remotely encrypted its computers to prevent authorities from gathering information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After beginning in March 2015, Spangenberg said he frequently objected to what he believed were reckless and illegal practices, and Uber fired him 11 months later.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'When I was at the company, you could stalk an ex or look up anyone’s ride with the flimsiest of justifications... It didn’t require anyone’s approval.'\u003ccite>Ward Spangenberg\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“I also reported that Uber's lack of security, and allowing all employees to access this information (as opposed to a small security team) was resulting in a violation of governmental regulations regarding data protection and consumer privacy rights,” he stated in the declaration, referring to requirements that companies notify consumers of any breach of personal information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Sierchio, a tech industry veteran who was a senior security engineer at Uber from early 2015 until June of this year, agreed that Uber had particularly weak protections for private information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I was at the company, you could stalk an ex or look up anyone’s ride with the flimsiest of justifications,” he said. “It didn’t require anyone’s approval.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, Uber said it maintains strict policies to protect customer data and comply with legal proceedings. It acknowledged that it had fired employees for improper access, putting the number at “fewer than 10.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have hundreds of security and privacy experts working around the clock to protect our data,” Uber said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11217352\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11217352\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-800x1030.jpg\" alt=\"Ward Spangenberg, who was hired by Uber in March 2015, says he frequently objected to what he believed were reckless and illegal practices. Spangenberg was fired and is now suing the ride-hailing behemoth.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1030\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-800x1030.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-160x206.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-1020x1313.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-1180x1519.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-960x1236.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-240x309.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-375x483.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/Ward-520x670.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ward Spangenberg, who was hired by Uber in March 2015, says he frequently objected to what he believed were reckless and illegal practices. Spangenberg was fired and is now suing the ride-hailing behemoth. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ward Spangenberg/Reveal)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“This includes enforcing strict policies and technical controls to limit access to user data to authorized employees solely for purposes of their job responsibilities, and all potential violations are quickly and thoroughly investigated,” the company said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber would not give more details on its technical controls. In practice, the security sources said, Uber’s policy basically relies on the honor system. Employees must agree not to abuse their access. But the company doesn’t actually prevent employees from getting and misusing the private information in the first place, the security sources said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Uber has a history of data problems\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Uber has rapidly grown to \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/10/20/uber-app-riders/\">more than 40 million users\u003c/a> worldwide, the gig-economy giant has also been dogged by leaks, hacks and privacy scandals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2014, BuzzFeed \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/johanabhuiyan/uber-is-investigating-its-top-new-york-executive-for-privacy?utm_term=.li5brZd0wd#.qs5GAa7dV7\">reported\u003c/a> that an Uber official had tracked its reporter’s movements without her permission, around the same time another executive\u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/bensmith/uber-executive-suggests-digging-up-dirt-on-journalists?utm_term=.mr97kE6Ya#.rpn57o41a\"> suggested\u003c/a> digging up dirt on critical journalists. The controversy -- and an entrepreneur’s\u003ca href=\"http://www.forbes.com/sites/kashmirhill/2014/10/03/god-view-uber-allegedly-stalked-users-for-party-goers-viewing-pleasure\"> claim\u003c/a> that he was tracked as well -- drew attention to the company’s internal God View tool, which provided a real-time aerial view of Uber cars in a city and details of who was inside of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It later came out that a data breach that year exposed the personal information of\u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/statement-update/\"> more than 100,000\u003c/a> drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the embarrassments of 2014, Uber hired chief security officer Joe Sullivan, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.recode.net/2016/4/14/11586130/potus-taps-uber-chief-security-officer-to-be-a-part-of-a-cyber\">prominent\u003c/a> tech figure who previously held that post at Facebook and used to be a federal prosecutor. His team drew heavily from Facebook, including chief information security officer John “Four” Flynn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Federal Trade Commission, the consumer protection agency, is investigating Uber’s information security practices and recently deposed Sullivan, according to security sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spangenberg and Sierchio -- as well as three other former Uber security professionals granted anonymity to confirm their accounts -- describe a startup culture that pushed back against security protections in favor of unbridled growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Early on, ‘growth at all costs’ was the mantra, so you can imagine that security was an afterthought,” said Sierchio, whose tech career includes designing video games for Atari in the early 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after Uber assembled a security team, the pushback continued when employees raised concerns, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One of the things I was told is, ‘It’s not a security company,’ ” Sierchio said. Spangenberg said he was told the same thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As disclosures about God View sizzled on the internet in 2014, the company posted a\u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/ubers-data-privacy-policy/\"> statement\u003c/a> saying that, “Uber has a strict policy prohibiting all employees at every level from accessing a rider or driver’s data. The only exception to this policy is for a limited set of legitimate business purposes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11217361\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11217361\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/GodView800-800x528.jpg\" alt=\"Uber came under fire in 2014 for its internal “God View” feature, which provided a real-time aerial view of citywide Uber cars and details of who was inside of them.\" width=\"800\" height=\"528\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/GodView800.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/GodView800-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/GodView800-240x158.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/GodView800-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/GodView800-520x343.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Uber came under fire in 2014 for its internal “God View” feature, which provided a real-time aerial view of citywide Uber cars and details of who was inside them. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Uber)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers, including Sen. Al Franken, D-Minnesota, \u003ca href=\"https://www.franken.senate.gov/files/letter/141119UberLetter.pdf\">demanded\u003c/a> details about those “legitimate business purposes.” Franken later\u003ca href=\"https://www.franken.senate.gov/?p=press_release&id=3005\"> wrote\u003c/a> he was “concerned about the surprising lack of detail in their response.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sierchio, who said he was pushed out in June, said the company’s policy limiting access was “never enforced.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an investigation by New York Attorney General Eric Schneiderman, Uber\u003ca href=\"http://www.ag.ny.gov/press-release/ag-schneiderman-announces-settlement-uber-enhance-rider-privacy\"> settled\u003c/a> in January and \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3227663-NY-Attorney-General-Uber-AOD.html\">promised\u003c/a> to \u003cstrong>“\u003c/strong>limit access\u003cstrong>” \u003c/strong>to real-time trip data “to designated employees with a legitimate business purpose.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even after the attorney general settlement, Spangenberg and Sierchio said thousands of employees could still search Uber’s database to get real-time ride information. The company said it complies with the settlement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber did adopt some reforms. There was a pop-up message warning employees that their activity was being monitored, but few took it seriously, Spangenberg said. Another change flagged searches for customers considered “MVPs.” But that didn’t protect anyone not labeled an MVP, Spangenberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It also changed the name of God View to Heaven View, Spangenberg said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An internal audit team searched for abnormalities in all the database activity to nab employees tracking customer data illicitly, said Spangenberg, who assisted the investigations. Those they caught were referred to HR to be fired, he said\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you knew what you were doing, you could get away with it forever,” Spangenberg said. “The access is always there, so it was a matter of whether you got caught in the noise.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many employees, Uber said, need access for reasons such as providing customer refunds and investigating traffic accidents. The company added that it blocks some teams of employees from getting the data without approval, though it did not specify which teams or how the approval process works.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drivers’ personal details, including Social Security numbers, were also available to all Uber employees, Spangenberg said in his declaration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spangenberg said he argued for shutting off access to sensitive data for those who didn’t need it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I would say, ‘We can’t keep this information, you can’t allow this information to be stored like this, you can’t leave it all connected like this,’ ” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber, in its statement, said, “We have made significant investment in tightening our access controls during the past several years. Allegations that simply acknowledging our policy in a pop-up window would provide access to customer data for unauthorized employees are not correct in our current environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to his \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3227662-Spangenberg-v-Uber.html\">lawsuit\u003c/a>, Uber told Spangenberg he was fired for violating a code of conduct and reformatting his computer, which erases everything on it. He said he deleted and began rebuilding his laptop because it had crashed, and that it was common practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also got in trouble for accessing emails that dealt with his own job performance review. Spangenberg said he was only testing out a program to search company emails. The whole thing was a pretext, he said, to get rid of him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In court \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3234776-Spangenberg-v-Uber-Response.html\">filings\u003c/a>, Uber responded that it “generally denies each and every allegation” made by Spangenberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lawsuit says Uber destroyed documents\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spangenberg accuses Uber of destroying information he believed it was obligated to preserve. “Uber routinely deleted files which were subject to litigation holds, which was another practice I objected to,” his declaration says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A company can face legal penalties or be held in contempt of court for scrubbing evidence it was supposed to keep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among his duties, Spangenberg said he was also a point person when foreign government agencies raided company offices abroad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Uber would lock down the office and immediately cut all connectivity so that law enforcement could not access Uber's information,” his declaration states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In May 2015, for example, the tax agency Revenu Quebec raided Uber’s Montreal office to gather evidence of tax evasion. Spangenberg said he worked from San Francisco to encrypt the office’s computers\u003cstrong>.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My job was to just make sure that any time a laptop was seized, the protocol locked the laptops up,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, Quebec investigators -- armed with a warrant to copy information from Uber computers -- went back to a judge to say the computers had been remotely restarted and apparently encrypted, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3227561-Uber-Montreal-Superior-Court-Judgment.html#document/p4/a330341\">court records\u003c/a>. They got permission to take the computers with them, but the machines are of little value if the information on them stays encrypted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to encrypt data once a government search is in process “raises red flags and serious concerns,” said Judith Germano, a cybersecurity expert and former federal prosecutor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A company could argue it was protecting sensitive information, she said. But if a judge determined it was a deliberate effort to hide evidence, the judge could impose legal sanctions or fines\u003cstrong>,\u003c/strong> and order the company to decrypt the data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its statement, Uber said, “We’ve had robust litigation hold procedures in place from our very first lawsuit to prevent deletion of emails relevant to ongoing litigation.” Uber said it has an obligation to protect personal information and that “we cooperate with authorities when they come to us with appropriate legal process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber challenged the Quebec search warrants in court, but in May, a Canadian judge \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3227561-Uber-Montreal-Superior-Court-Judgment.html#document/p37/a330342\">wrote\u003c/a> in French that Uber’s actions had “all the characteristics of an attempt to obstruct justice,” suggesting that “Uber wanted to shield evidence of its illegal conduct.” Uber is still appealing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Looking back, Spangenberg describes a tangle of questionable practices and gaping vulnerabilities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only information, truthfully, that I ever felt was safe inside of Uber is your credit card information,” he said. “Because it’s not stored by Uber.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was edited by Andy Donohue and copy edited by Nadia Wynter.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You can reach Will Evans at \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"mailto:wevans@revealnews.org\">\u003cem>wevans@revealnews.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>. Follow him on Twitter: \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://twitter.com/willcir\">\u003cem>@WillCIR\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Obama Orders Sweeping Review of International Hacking Tied to U.S. Elections",
"title": "Obama Orders Sweeping Review of International Hacking Tied to U.S. Elections",
"headTitle": "Election 2016 | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>President Obama has ordered the intelligence community to conduct a \"full review\" of \"malicious cyber activity\" timed to U.S. elections, the White House said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The review will go all the way back to the 2008 campaign, when China was found to have \u003ca href=\"http://investigations.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/06/06/18807056-chinese-hacked-obama-mccain-campaigns-took-internal-documents-officials-say\">hacked both the Obama and McCain campaigns\u003c/a>, White House spokesman Eric Schultz said at a Friday press briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 2016 election, U.S. intelligence officials charged that Russia had interfered. In early October, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/10/07/joint-statement-department-homeland-security-and-office-director-national\" target=\"_blank\">released a strongly worded statement\u003c/a> saying they were \"confident that the Russian Government directed the recent compromises of e-mails from U.S. persons and institutions, including from U.S. political organizations.\" The statement went on to say \"these thefts and disclosures are intended to interfere with the U.S. election process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after that, WikiLeaks began posting emails hacked from Clinton campaign chairman John Podesta's Gmail account. The slow drip of those emails, including transcripts of Clinton's remarks to Goldman Sachs, hung over the campaign in its closing weeks and proved embarrassing at times. Podesta said he spoke to the FBI about the hacking, and intelligence experts blamed Russia for that as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We may be in, have crossed into a new threshold,\" said Lisa Monaco, the White House Homeland Security adviser, at a breakfast Friday morning hosted by the \u003cem>Christian Science Monitor,\u003c/em> of the 2016 hacking. \"It is incumbent upon us to take stock of that, to review, to conduct some after-action, to understand what this means, what has happened and to impart those lessons learned. And that's what we're going to go about doing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schultz said the review would look at \"all foreign actors and any attempt to interfere with our elections.\" He added, \"This isn't going to be a narrow dive; this is going to be a deep dive\" into this troubling pattern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also noted the White House will aim to release as much of the review as it can appropriately to the public and will also brief Congress and other stakeholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This news comes as Republican members of Congress \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/12/08/republicans-ready-to-launch-wide-ranging-probe-of-russia-despite-trumps-stance/?hpid=hp_rhp-top-table-main_russia-hack-715pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.52f5a8c995c5\" target=\"_blank\">are promising their own investigations\u003c/a> into Russian hacking around the election. But all of that would be in direct conflict with the view of President-elect Donald Trump, who, in a debate earlier this year, questioned whether Russia was even behind it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, it could be Russia, but it could also be China, could also be lots of other people,\" Trump said. \"It also could be somebody sitting on the bed that weighs 400 pounds, OK?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent interview with \u003cem>Time\u003c/em> magazine, Trump went further, saying, \"I don't believe they interfered.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schultz deflected when asked whether Obama had let Trump know he was ordering this review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The review is due to be completed before Jan. 20, when Trump takes office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Obama has ordered the intelligence community to conduct a \"full review\" of \"malicious cyber activity\" timed to U.S. elections, the White House said Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The review will go all the way back to the 2008 campaign, when China was found to have \u003ca href=\"http://investigations.nbcnews.com/_news/2013/06/06/18807056-chinese-hacked-obama-mccain-campaigns-took-internal-documents-officials-say\">hacked both the Obama and McCain campaigns\u003c/a>, White House spokesman Eric Schultz said at a Friday press briefing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 2016 election, U.S. intelligence officials charged that Russia had interfered. In early October, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/news/2016/10/07/joint-statement-department-homeland-security-and-office-director-national\" target=\"_blank\">released a strongly worded statement\u003c/a> saying they were \"confident that the Russian Government directed the recent compromises of e-mails from U.S. persons and institutions, including from U.S. political organizations.\" The statement went on to say \"these thefts and disclosures are intended to interfere with the U.S. election process.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shortly after that, WikiLeaks began posting emails hacked from Clinton campaign chairman John Podesta's Gmail account. The slow drip of those emails, including transcripts of Clinton's remarks to Goldman Sachs, hung over the campaign in its closing weeks and proved embarrassing at times. Podesta said he spoke to the FBI about the hacking, and intelligence experts blamed Russia for that as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We may be in, have crossed into a new threshold,\" said Lisa Monaco, the White House Homeland Security adviser, at a breakfast Friday morning hosted by the \u003cem>Christian Science Monitor,\u003c/em> of the 2016 hacking. \"It is incumbent upon us to take stock of that, to review, to conduct some after-action, to understand what this means, what has happened and to impart those lessons learned. And that's what we're going to go about doing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schultz said the review would look at \"all foreign actors and any attempt to interfere with our elections.\" He added, \"This isn't going to be a narrow dive; this is going to be a deep dive\" into this troubling pattern.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also noted the White House will aim to release as much of the review as it can appropriately to the public and will also brief Congress and other stakeholders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This news comes as Republican members of Congress \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/wp/2016/12/08/republicans-ready-to-launch-wide-ranging-probe-of-russia-despite-trumps-stance/?hpid=hp_rhp-top-table-main_russia-hack-715pm%3Ahomepage%2Fstory&utm_term=.52f5a8c995c5\" target=\"_blank\">are promising their own investigations\u003c/a> into Russian hacking around the election. But all of that would be in direct conflict with the view of President-elect Donald Trump, who, in a debate earlier this year, questioned whether Russia was even behind it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I mean, it could be Russia, but it could also be China, could also be lots of other people,\" Trump said. \"It also could be somebody sitting on the bed that weighs 400 pounds, OK?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a recent interview with \u003cem>Time\u003c/em> magazine, Trump went further, saying, \"I don't believe they interfered.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schultz deflected when asked whether Obama had let Trump know he was ordering this review.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The review is due to be completed before Jan. 20, when Trump takes office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Uber's latest update allows the ride-hailing app to \u003ca href=\"https://help.uber.com/h/ba9dd342-158d-421f-a9ea-0e6c7aaad726\" target=\"_blank\">track user location data\u003c/a> even when the application is running in the background. The change in location data gathering is quite apparent — after the update is completed, Uber prompts users to accept the new policy by enabling their phones to make the change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, Uber collected data from the user only if the rider had the application open. Now, if a rider calls for an Uber and closes the app, Uber says it will continue to collect location data up until five minutes after the ride ends. That means Uber can see where you end up after you leave the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So your secret rendezvous may not be so secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber now will be focused on collecting rider data, rather than just driver and trip data. \"We do this to improve pickups, drop-offs, customer service, and to enhance safety,\" Uber says on its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber hopes to eliminate the most frustrating part of the experience: the game of phone tag that both the rider and driver play when trying to coordinate the pickup spot. By collecting location data when the ride is called, Uber can use the information gathered to gain a better sense of locations at large venues. Hopefully this will lead to less confusion when dropping a pin, or maybe it will improve the chance that users will be picked up on the correct side of the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11200403\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11200403\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/fullsizerender-7b617caf030495e16258bcd3bededb94a1e71b68-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Uber iOS notification.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/fullsizerender-7b617caf030495e16258bcd3bededb94a1e71b68-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/fullsizerender-7b617caf030495e16258bcd3bededb94a1e71b68-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/fullsizerender-7b617caf030495e16258bcd3bededb94a1e71b68-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/fullsizerender-7b617caf030495e16258bcd3bededb94a1e71b68-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/fullsizerender-7b617caf030495e16258bcd3bededb94a1e71b68-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/fullsizerender-7b617caf030495e16258bcd3bededb94a1e71b68.jpg 899w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Uber iOS notification. \u003ccite>(Uber/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The update raises worries for privacy advocates. The \u003ca href=\"https://epic.org/2016/12/uber-expands-data-collection-t.html\" target=\"_blank\">Electronic Privacy Information Center\u003c/a> previously filed a \u003ca href=\"https://epic.org/privacy/internet/ftc/uber/Complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">complaint\u003c/a> with the Federal Trade Commission over Uber's plans to collect more user data. \"The FTC failed to act and Uber is now tracking users non-stop,\" EPIC says on its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Al Franken of Minnesota, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2014/12/26/373087290/as-uber-expands-it-asks-cities-for-forgivness-instead-of-permission\" target=\"_blank\">who expressed disappointment\u003c/a> with Uber previously, told NPR in a statement that the update \"raises questions\" that the app is requiring users to \"grant permission to track their location at all times.\" Franken said he plans to look at the issue further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason this update could be causing a stir is the change in privacy settings necessary to use the Uber app. iOS users' location-sharing choices changed from \"Never\" share location and share location \"While Using the App\" to \"Never\" and \"Always.\" The \"Always\" setting implies that Uber could access riders' locations when they are not on rides. However, Uber says on its site that location data will be collected only from the inception of the ride through five minutes after the end of the trip. iOS and Android users can choose the \"Never\" option, which will require riders to manually enter pickup information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber has previously faced issues with location information collection. In January, Uber paid a \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/johanabhuiyan/uber-settles-godview?utm_term=.sedGNPrmxY#.cwyPV0AXNM\" target=\"_blank\">$20,000 fine\u003c/a> in New York following an investigation into the company's \"God View\" tool. The tool allowed employees to view and track individual riders in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura Roman is the social media intern at NPR.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Uber's latest update allows the ride-hailing app to \u003ca href=\"https://help.uber.com/h/ba9dd342-158d-421f-a9ea-0e6c7aaad726\" target=\"_blank\">track user location data\u003c/a> even when the application is running in the background. The change in location data gathering is quite apparent — after the update is completed, Uber prompts users to accept the new policy by enabling their phones to make the change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, Uber collected data from the user only if the rider had the application open. Now, if a rider calls for an Uber and closes the app, Uber says it will continue to collect location data up until five minutes after the ride ends. That means Uber can see where you end up after you leave the car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So your secret rendezvous may not be so secret.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber now will be focused on collecting rider data, rather than just driver and trip data. \"We do this to improve pickups, drop-offs, customer service, and to enhance safety,\" Uber says on its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber hopes to eliminate the most frustrating part of the experience: the game of phone tag that both the rider and driver play when trying to coordinate the pickup spot. By collecting location data when the ride is called, Uber can use the information gathered to gain a better sense of locations at large venues. Hopefully this will lead to less confusion when dropping a pin, or maybe it will improve the chance that users will be picked up on the correct side of the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11200403\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11200403\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/fullsizerender-7b617caf030495e16258bcd3bededb94a1e71b68-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Uber iOS notification.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/fullsizerender-7b617caf030495e16258bcd3bededb94a1e71b68-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/fullsizerender-7b617caf030495e16258bcd3bededb94a1e71b68-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/fullsizerender-7b617caf030495e16258bcd3bededb94a1e71b68-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/fullsizerender-7b617caf030495e16258bcd3bededb94a1e71b68-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/fullsizerender-7b617caf030495e16258bcd3bededb94a1e71b68-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/12/fullsizerender-7b617caf030495e16258bcd3bededb94a1e71b68.jpg 899w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Uber iOS notification. \u003ccite>(Uber/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The update raises worries for privacy advocates. The \u003ca href=\"https://epic.org/2016/12/uber-expands-data-collection-t.html\" target=\"_blank\">Electronic Privacy Information Center\u003c/a> previously filed a \u003ca href=\"https://epic.org/privacy/internet/ftc/uber/Complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">complaint\u003c/a> with the Federal Trade Commission over Uber's plans to collect more user data. \"The FTC failed to act and Uber is now tracking users non-stop,\" EPIC says on its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Al Franken of Minnesota, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2014/12/26/373087290/as-uber-expands-it-asks-cities-for-forgivness-instead-of-permission\" target=\"_blank\">who expressed disappointment\u003c/a> with Uber previously, told NPR in a statement that the update \"raises questions\" that the app is requiring users to \"grant permission to track their location at all times.\" Franken said he plans to look at the issue further.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason this update could be causing a stir is the change in privacy settings necessary to use the Uber app. iOS users' location-sharing choices changed from \"Never\" share location and share location \"While Using the App\" to \"Never\" and \"Always.\" The \"Always\" setting implies that Uber could access riders' locations when they are not on rides. However, Uber says on its site that location data will be collected only from the inception of the ride through five minutes after the end of the trip. iOS and Android users can choose the \"Never\" option, which will require riders to manually enter pickup information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber has previously faced issues with location information collection. In January, Uber paid a \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/johanabhuiyan/uber-settles-godview?utm_term=.sedGNPrmxY#.cwyPV0AXNM\" target=\"_blank\">$20,000 fine\u003c/a> in New York following an investigation into the company's \"God View\" tool. The tool allowed employees to view and track individual riders in real time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Laura Roman is the social media intern at NPR.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>James Heilman isn't an easy man to get a hold of; he kept offering us odd, off-hour windows of availability to do a phone interview. When we finally connected, he explained: He works the night shift as an emergency room physician in British Columbia. He also puts in time as a clinical assistant professor in emergency medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cstrong>How to check the accuracy of Wikipedia pages\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nYou can check how Wikipedians rate the quality and thoroughness of every entry on the encyclopedia by clicking on the \"Talk\" tab near the top left of each page. There you will find the page's rating, which will fall somewhere on this \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Assessment#Quality_scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scale\u003c/a>. Here are lists of the health articles with the \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Classhttps://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">highest\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=GA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second-highest ratings\u003c/a>; these are the most trustworthy health entries.\u003c/span>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Then there's the 60 -- count'em, 60 -- hours a week he toils away editing Wikipedia, the massive online encyclopedia written and edited by, well, anyone who wants to give it a whirl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My wife likes to joke that Wikipedia's my mistress; I prefer to call it our first child,” he says, chuckling with a tinge of self-awareness that he's gone a bit off the rails in his goal of making the copious health-related pages on the site more accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does an emergency doc become an obsessive Wikipedian?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 10 years ago, he says, during a quiet night shift, he got to browsing one of the medical articles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I thought, 'Oh, my God this is really bad,'\" he says. \"And then I saw the edit button, and I realized, oh, my God, I could fix the internet! I sort of got madly hooked. I’ve been trying to fix the Internet ever since.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Accuracy Questioned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of that quest was creating the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WikiProject Medicine\u003c/a> group, where 320 like-minded editors work on the site's \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_information_on_Wikipedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">health content. \u003c/a>Heilman estimates about half are medical professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I thought ‘Oh, my God this is really bad.' And then I saw the edit button, and I realized, oh, my God, I could fix the internet!\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Reworking Wikipedia health entries is not a trivial task. A 2014 study found about 25,000 pages of English-language health-related articles. That number is now up to 32,000, Heilman says. The health pages worldwide attracted almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4376174/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">4.9 billion pageviews\u003c/a> in 2013. A 2012 \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/0142159X.2012.737064?scroll=top&needAccess=true&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">survey\u003c/a> of several hundred medical students found 94 percent use the site for health information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite its popularity, the reliability of Wikipedia's medical content has often been questioned. A 2011 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3241521/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review \u003c/a>on the accuracy and thoroughness of the site's medical entries found mixed results. Other studies show that the site fell short in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24276492\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gastroenterology and hepatology\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://aop.sagepub.com/content/42/12/1814.abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drug information\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193353/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statins\u003c/a> (later \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0106930#pone.0106930-Kupferberg1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">improved\u003c/a>), and issues of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ijporlonline.com/article/S0165-5876(12)00336-9/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ear, nose and throat\u003c/a>. Other studies found the website provided better information in \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sdi.12059/epdf?r3_referer=wol&tracking_action=preview_click&show_checkout=1&purchase_referrer=onlinelibrary.wiley.com&purchase_site_license=LICENSE_DENIED_NO_CUSTOMER\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nephrology\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/quality-of-information-sources-about-mental-disorders-a-comparison-of-wikipedia-with-centrally-controlled-web-and-printed-sources/595CEE672BB7C503101FAF5A9E303673\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">depression and schizophrenia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">To get good health info online:\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Check multiple, high-quality sources like those from academic and government institutions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be alert for sites that contain information that conflicts with other sources, a possible indication of low-quality information.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Consult \u003ca href=\"http://www.uptodate.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpToDate\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PubMed\u003c/a>, and peer-reviewed journals for primary research on a topic.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If using Wikipedia, click the 'Talk' tab at the top of each page to see how the site's editors have rated the quality of the article. Look at the footnotes to check the sources of assertions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But just recently, in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(16)30254-6/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Lancet: Global Health, \u003c/a>\u003c/em>researchers reported that Wikipedia entries on stillbirths were missing critical information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a 2014 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24778001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> comparing peer-reviewed literature to the site's articles on 10 different widespread diseases and conditions found a significant number of assertions in the Wikipedia material that were unsupported by the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman doesn't think much of that study; he co-wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://community-archive.cochrane.org/news/blog/wikipedia%E2%80%99s-medical-content-really-90-wrong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rebuttal\u003c/a> to it with other medical experts/Wikipedians. Still, he acknowledges \"there's a lot of work to do\" to bring health entries up to snuff. The reality of that is borne out by the small number of health articles -- \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Class%20featured%20health%20articles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">63\u003c/a> -- that have received the highest grade by Wikipedia editors. Those articles qualify as featured articles on the encyclopedia's front page. (The next-best level -- \"good\" -- contains a mere \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=GA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">200 articles\u003c/a>.) The \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Assessment#Quality_scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criteria\u003c/a> for a \"featured\" article is comprehensiveness, neutrality and accuracy. That means the information has been verified against high-quality sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calls to Action\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/wikipedia-is-already-the-worlds-dr-google-its-time-for-doctors-and-researchers-to-make-it-better-66769\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">article\u003c/a> last month on the academic publishing site \"The Conversation\" by Thomas Shafee, one of the researchers who wrote about Wikipedia's inadequate \"stillbirth\" entries, is headlined \"Wikipedia is already the world’s ‘Dr Google’ -- it’s time for doctors and researchers to make it better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Health professionals have a duty to improve the accuracy of medical entries in Wikipedia, because it’s the first port of call for people all over the world seeking medical information,\" Shafee wrote. \"The accuracy of the site is vital, because every medical entry... has the potential for immediate \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/87/4/08-056713/en/\">real-world health consequences\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others agree. University of California, San Francisco psychiatrist Amin Azzam recently co-authored a \u003ca href=\"http://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Abstract/publishahead/Why_Medical_Schools_Should_Embrace_Wikipedia__.98408.aspx\">report\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Academic Medicine \u003c/em>titled “Why Medical Schools Should Embrace Wikipedia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Improving Wikipedia\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to improve the entire site, including the health section, are underway. Hundreds of students in both the U.S. and Canada, for example, are working as editors through the \u003ca href=\"https://wikiedu.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wiki Education Foundation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit organization based in San Francisco that acts as a bridge between Wikipedia and academia. The organization encourages university faculty to assign students Wikipedia entries as a part of coursework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than write a biography of a woman scientist for their class that their instructor would read and throw away and never engage in again,\" says the foundation's LiAnna Davis, \"these students instead have the opportunity to create content for Wikipedia where thousands of people can gain from their work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmacology students at the University of California, San Francisco, for example, are \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:UCSF_School_of_Medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">working to improve entries\u003c/a> on popular drugs like the HIV antiviral drug \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacavir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Abacavir\u003c/a>. Students in a voice disorders class at McGill University in Montreal are adding information about \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngitis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">laryngitis\u003c/a>. Students fill in missing information, improve gross inadequacies, and rewrite articles using fewer technical terms to appeal to the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, 280 science classes at universities in the U.S. and Canada have added content to 3,650 articles and generated 300 new entries receiving more than 102 million views, says Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman points to many efforts to improve articles, and a \u003ca href=\"http://translatorswithoutborders.org/?s=wikipedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">collaboration\u003c/a> with the group Translators Without Borders to rewrite Wikipedia medical content in as many languages as possible. That \u003ca href=\"https://opensource.com/life/16/11/support-indian-languages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">includes Odia\u003c/a>, spoken by tens of millions of people in India that is not included in\u003ca href=\"https://translate.google.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Google Translate\u003c/a>. Heilman also cites as a success the Wikipedia entry for dengue fever, which was published in the peer-reviewed open-access journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4242787/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Open Medicine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agencies are also tapping Wikipedia. The National Institutes of Health is creating an online biomedical \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/topics/health/a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dictionary\u003c/a> for PubMed Health. which provides consumer-friendly research information.\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/topics/health/a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003c/a>The NIH usually creates the definitions by drawing on material in its own collection, but sometimes It will use Wikipedia as a source. Both organizations benefit, as the NIH will flag Heilman if it comes across something inaccurate in the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman fervently hopes more health and science academics and professionals will help expand the accuracy of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I spend a fair amount of time trying to convince my colleagues to come work on Wikipedia,\" he says. \"As a physician I believe all people deserve access to quality health care information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Find Good Health Info\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So ... after all is said and done, how should the average person approach looking for health information on the Web?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azzam, the UCSF psychiatrist who called for medical schools to embrace Wikipedia, would actually first send patients to government sites like the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and National Library of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of those sites have information targeting 'lay' people,\" he wrote in an email. \"Additionally there are national advocacy organizations for specific disease and/or health conditions. For example, as a psychiatrist I will refer my patients and their families to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who do use Wikipedia, he recommends using the \"Talk\" tab near the top left of every page. That will take you to a rating of how thorough and accurate Wikipedia editors think the page is. He also looks at the references that each assertion of fact in Wikipedia entries are required to link to. (You can do this by clicking on the superscript numbers at the end of a sentence.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That gives me some idea of how much to trust the content,\" Azzam says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends consulting multiple sources to ferret out any outliers, a method that is \"effectively a proxy measure for validity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to consult material that health professionals use themselves, he recommends \u003ca href=\"http://www.uptodate.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpToDate\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PubMed\u003c/a>, and peer-reviewed journals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health information is on a \"continuum,\" he believes, with subscription-only top tier scholarly journals on one end and the user-created Wikipedia on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe [journal] content to be the scientific truth as we know it because content experts have peer-reviewed the manuscripts,\" he says. \"But the challenge at that extreme is gaining access to that knowledge, especially with high-cost subscription charges.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is why he's working with students to improve Wikipedia, \"pulling that pole toward the other end of the spectrum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since so many consumers of health information online are reading that content, I want to be a part of a movement to make it as high quality as possible!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Heilman, the avid health editor, he also recommends checking multiple, high-quality sources when looking for specific health information, paying attention to what they agree on. But that doesn't mean he's going to give up on improving Wikipedia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a physician, I can help one person at a time,\" he says. \"But as a Wikipedian, I can make a difference in millions and millions of people’s lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>James Heilman isn't an easy man to get a hold of; he kept offering us odd, off-hour windows of availability to do a phone interview. When we finally connected, he explained: He works the night shift as an emergency room physician in British Columbia. He also puts in time as a clinical assistant professor in emergency medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cstrong>How to check the accuracy of Wikipedia pages\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nYou can check how Wikipedians rate the quality and thoroughness of every entry on the encyclopedia by clicking on the \"Talk\" tab near the top left of each page. There you will find the page's rating, which will fall somewhere on this \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Assessment#Quality_scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">scale\u003c/a>. Here are lists of the health articles with the \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Classhttps://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">highest\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=GA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">second-highest ratings\u003c/a>; these are the most trustworthy health entries.\u003c/span>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Then there's the 60 -- count'em, 60 -- hours a week he toils away editing Wikipedia, the massive online encyclopedia written and edited by, well, anyone who wants to give it a whirl.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"My wife likes to joke that Wikipedia's my mistress; I prefer to call it our first child,” he says, chuckling with a tinge of self-awareness that he's gone a bit off the rails in his goal of making the copious health-related pages on the site more accurate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how does an emergency doc become an obsessive Wikipedian?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 10 years ago, he says, during a quiet night shift, he got to browsing one of the medical articles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I thought, 'Oh, my God this is really bad,'\" he says. \"And then I saw the edit button, and I realized, oh, my God, I could fix the internet! I sort of got madly hooked. I’ve been trying to fix the Internet ever since.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Accuracy Questioned\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of that quest was creating the \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">WikiProject Medicine\u003c/a> group, where 320 like-minded editors work on the site's \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_information_on_Wikipedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">health content. \u003c/a>Heilman estimates about half are medical professionals.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\"I thought ‘Oh, my God this is really bad.' And then I saw the edit button, and I realized, oh, my God, I could fix the internet!\"\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Reworking Wikipedia health entries is not a trivial task. A 2014 study found about 25,000 pages of English-language health-related articles. That number is now up to 32,000, Heilman says. The health pages worldwide attracted almost \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4376174/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">4.9 billion pageviews\u003c/a> in 2013. A 2012 \u003ca href=\"http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.3109/0142159X.2012.737064?scroll=top&needAccess=true&\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">survey\u003c/a> of several hundred medical students found 94 percent use the site for health information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite its popularity, the reliability of Wikipedia's medical content has often been questioned. A 2011 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3241521/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">review \u003c/a>on the accuracy and thoroughness of the site's medical entries found mixed results. Other studies show that the site fell short in \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24276492\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">gastroenterology and hepatology\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://aop.sagepub.com/content/42/12/1814.abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">drug information\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3193353/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">statins\u003c/a> (later \u003ca href=\"http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0106930#pone.0106930-Kupferberg1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">improved\u003c/a>), and issues of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ijporlonline.com/article/S0165-5876(12)00336-9/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">ear, nose and throat\u003c/a>. Other studies found the website provided better information in \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/sdi.12059/epdf?r3_referer=wol&tracking_action=preview_click&show_checkout=1&purchase_referrer=onlinelibrary.wiley.com&purchase_site_license=LICENSE_DENIED_NO_CUSTOMER\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">nephrology\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/psychological-medicine/article/quality-of-information-sources-about-mental-disorders-a-comparison-of-wikipedia-with-centrally-controlled-web-and-printed-sources/595CEE672BB7C503101FAF5A9E303673\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">depression and schizophrenia\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: normal\">To get good health info online:\u003c/span>\u003c/span>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Check multiple, high-quality sources like those from academic and government institutions.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Be alert for sites that contain information that conflicts with other sources, a possible indication of low-quality information.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Consult \u003ca href=\"http://www.uptodate.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpToDate\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PubMed\u003c/a>, and peer-reviewed journals for primary research on a topic.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If using Wikipedia, click the 'Talk' tab at the top of each page to see how the site's editors have rated the quality of the article. Look at the footnotes to check the sources of assertions.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But just recently, in \u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(16)30254-6/fulltext\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Lancet: Global Health, \u003c/a>\u003c/em>researchers reported that Wikipedia entries on stillbirths were missing critical information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And a 2014 \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24778001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">study\u003c/a> comparing peer-reviewed literature to the site's articles on 10 different widespread diseases and conditions found a significant number of assertions in the Wikipedia material that were unsupported by the evidence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman doesn't think much of that study; he co-wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://community-archive.cochrane.org/news/blog/wikipedia%E2%80%99s-medical-content-really-90-wrong\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rebuttal\u003c/a> to it with other medical experts/Wikipedians. Still, he acknowledges \"there's a lot of work to do\" to bring health entries up to snuff. The reality of that is borne out by the small number of health articles -- \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=FA-Class%20featured%20health%20articles\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">63\u003c/a> -- that have received the highest grade by Wikipedia editors. Those articles qualify as featured articles on the encyclopedia's front page. (The next-best level -- \"good\" -- contains a mere \u003ca href=\"https://tools.wmflabs.org/enwp10/cgi-bin/list2.fcgi?run=yes&projecta=Medicine&quality=GA-Class\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">200 articles\u003c/a>.) The \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Medicine/Assessment#Quality_scale\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">criteria\u003c/a> for a \"featured\" article is comprehensiveness, neutrality and accuracy. That means the information has been verified against high-quality sources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Calls to Action\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"https://theconversation.com/wikipedia-is-already-the-worlds-dr-google-its-time-for-doctors-and-researchers-to-make-it-better-66769\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">article\u003c/a> last month on the academic publishing site \"The Conversation\" by Thomas Shafee, one of the researchers who wrote about Wikipedia's inadequate \"stillbirth\" entries, is headlined \"Wikipedia is already the world’s ‘Dr Google’ -- it’s time for doctors and researchers to make it better.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Health professionals have a duty to improve the accuracy of medical entries in Wikipedia, because it’s the first port of call for people all over the world seeking medical information,\" Shafee wrote. \"The accuracy of the site is vital, because every medical entry... has the potential for immediate \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/87/4/08-056713/en/\">real-world health consequences\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others agree. University of California, San Francisco psychiatrist Amin Azzam recently co-authored a \u003ca href=\"http://journals.lww.com/academicmedicine/Abstract/publishahead/Why_Medical_Schools_Should_Embrace_Wikipedia__.98408.aspx\">report\u003c/a> published in the journal \u003cem>Academic Medicine \u003c/em>titled “Why Medical Schools Should Embrace Wikipedia.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Improving Wikipedia\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Efforts to improve the entire site, including the health section, are underway. Hundreds of students in both the U.S. and Canada, for example, are working as editors through the \u003ca href=\"https://wikiedu.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Wiki Education Foundation\u003c/a>, a nonprofit organization based in San Francisco that acts as a bridge between Wikipedia and academia. The organization encourages university faculty to assign students Wikipedia entries as a part of coursework.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Rather than write a biography of a woman scientist for their class that their instructor would read and throw away and never engage in again,\" says the foundation's LiAnna Davis, \"these students instead have the opportunity to create content for Wikipedia where thousands of people can gain from their work.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pharmacology students at the University of California, San Francisco, for example, are \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:UCSF_School_of_Medicine\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">working to improve entries\u003c/a> on popular drugs like the HIV antiviral drug \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abacavir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Abacavir\u003c/a>. Students in a voice disorders class at McGill University in Montreal are adding information about \u003ca href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngitis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">laryngitis\u003c/a>. Students fill in missing information, improve gross inadequacies, and rewrite articles using fewer technical terms to appeal to the general public.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2016, 280 science classes at universities in the U.S. and Canada have added content to 3,650 articles and generated 300 new entries receiving more than 102 million views, says Davis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman points to many efforts to improve articles, and a \u003ca href=\"http://translatorswithoutborders.org/?s=wikipedia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">collaboration\u003c/a> with the group Translators Without Borders to rewrite Wikipedia medical content in as many languages as possible. That \u003ca href=\"https://opensource.com/life/16/11/support-indian-languages\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">includes Odia\u003c/a>, spoken by tens of millions of people in India that is not included in\u003ca href=\"https://translate.google.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> Google Translate\u003c/a>. Heilman also cites as a success the Wikipedia entry for dengue fever, which was published in the peer-reviewed open-access journal \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4242787/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Open Medicine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal agencies are also tapping Wikipedia. The National Institutes of Health is creating an online biomedical \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/topics/health/a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">dictionary\u003c/a> for PubMed Health. which provides consumer-friendly research information.\u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/topics/health/a/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> \u003c/a>The NIH usually creates the definitions by drawing on material in its own collection, but sometimes It will use Wikipedia as a source. Both organizations benefit, as the NIH will flag Heilman if it comes across something inaccurate in the material.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Heilman fervently hopes more health and science academics and professionals will help expand the accuracy of the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I spend a fair amount of time trying to convince my colleagues to come work on Wikipedia,\" he says. \"As a physician I believe all people deserve access to quality health care information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How to Find Good Health Info\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So ... after all is said and done, how should the average person approach looking for health information on the Web?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Azzam, the UCSF psychiatrist who called for medical schools to embrace Wikipedia, would actually first send patients to government sites like the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and National Library of Medicine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of those sites have information targeting 'lay' people,\" he wrote in an email. \"Additionally there are national advocacy organizations for specific disease and/or health conditions. For example, as a psychiatrist I will refer my patients and their families to the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI).\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who do use Wikipedia, he recommends using the \"Talk\" tab near the top left of every page. That will take you to a rating of how thorough and accurate Wikipedia editors think the page is. He also looks at the references that each assertion of fact in Wikipedia entries are required to link to. (You can do this by clicking on the superscript numbers at the end of a sentence.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That gives me some idea of how much to trust the content,\" Azzam says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recommends consulting multiple sources to ferret out any outliers, a method that is \"effectively a proxy measure for validity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you want to consult material that health professionals use themselves, he recommends \u003ca href=\"http://www.uptodate.com/home\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">UpToDate\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">PubMed\u003c/a>, and peer-reviewed journals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health information is on a \"continuum,\" he believes, with subscription-only top tier scholarly journals on one end and the user-created Wikipedia on the other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We believe [journal] content to be the scientific truth as we know it because content experts have peer-reviewed the manuscripts,\" he says. \"But the challenge at that extreme is gaining access to that knowledge, especially with high-cost subscription charges.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That is why he's working with students to improve Wikipedia, \"pulling that pole toward the other end of the spectrum.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Since so many consumers of health information online are reading that content, I want to be a part of a movement to make it as high quality as possible!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Heilman, the avid health editor, he also recommends checking multiple, high-quality sources when looking for specific health information, paying attention to what they agree on. But that doesn't mean he's going to give up on improving Wikipedia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a physician, I can help one person at a time,\" he says. \"But as a Wikipedian, I can make a difference in millions and millions of people’s lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The blows keep coming for San Francisco's struggling taxi industry. The city's largest taxi company, the bankrupt Yellow Cab Cooperative, is up for sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A series of large personal injury lawsuits against the company, combined with the growing popularity of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/09/17/2014/taxi_rides_san_francisco/\" target=\"_blank\">ride-hailing companies\u003c/a> like Uber and Lyft, pushed Yellow Cab into financial insolvency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taxi operator CityWide has already submitted a bid to buy Yellow Cab and its 500 or so cabs. Flywheel, formerly DeSoto Cab, is expected to follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does this mean for the state of taxis in San Francisco? Is this a sign of darker days ahead? Or is it just part of the new ride-share reality?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Gruberg drives for Green Cab and is a board member of the San Francisco Taxi Worker Alliance. Count him among those who see the Yellow Cab sale as particularly bad news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's a very dire warning to everybody else,\" he said. \"The loss of Yellow does not bode well for the rest of the industry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's worried about whether the rest of the city's cabbies will be able to absorb the hundreds of taxi medallions that Yellow Cab is currently operating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gruberg also says drivers are \"on tenterhooks\" about what this means for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're concerned for their livelihood,\" he said. \"Drivers have taken an enormous hit since Uber and Lyft have come into play.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashwani Aeri, who has been driving for Yellow Cab for 28 years, agrees and disagrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he's definitely felt the impact of the influx of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/45000-uber-lyft-drivers-may-now-operate-san-francisco-drivers-continue-multiply/\" target=\"_blank\">tens of thousands\u003c/a> of Uber and Lyft drivers flooding San Francisco streets, but he's not worried about getting a new boss. He's hopeful that whoever the buyer is, they will take steps to keep the company going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If somebody is going to spend millions of dollars to buy Yellow Cab and not care for the business, that would be bad for them,\" he said. He said other drivers are confident that the company's strong foothold in the city will mean little disruption will come with the sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Macmurdo, the president of the Medallion Holders Association, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really won't change a whole lot,\" he said of the sale. \"All the cabs will still be on the road.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Macmurdo drove for Yellow Cab for more than a decade before switching over to Flywheel two years ago. He thinks the sale will be wrapped up by the end of the year, with either Citywide or Flywheel taking over the business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a future for taxis,\" said Susan Shaheen, co-director of the \u003ca href=\"http://tsrc.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Transportation Sustainability Research Center\u003c/a> at UC Berkeley and a leading expert on the evolving ride-share world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaheen says taxis play a crucial role by providing transportation to people who don't have credit cards or smartphones and can't access Uber or Lyft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These types of services need to be preserved,\" she said. \"It's imperative we provide equitable transportation services to all individuals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's encouraged by moves some in the taxi industry are making toward incorporating new \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/tale-two-taxis-flywheel-yellow-cab-diverge-strategies/\" target=\"_blank\">app-based technologies\u003c/a> as well as self-driving technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're still going to need people,\" Shaheen said about the evolving industry, \"but the skills required may change dramatically.\" She said those jobs could include caretakers and monitors who would act as human support staff for automated taxis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could create more opportunities,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The blows keep coming for San Francisco's struggling taxi industry. The city's largest taxi company, the bankrupt Yellow Cab Cooperative, is up for sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A series of large personal injury lawsuits against the company, combined with the growing popularity of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/09/17/2014/taxi_rides_san_francisco/\" target=\"_blank\">ride-hailing companies\u003c/a> like Uber and Lyft, pushed Yellow Cab into financial insolvency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taxi operator CityWide has already submitted a bid to buy Yellow Cab and its 500 or so cabs. Flywheel, formerly DeSoto Cab, is expected to follow suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what does this mean for the state of taxis in San Francisco? Is this a sign of darker days ahead? Or is it just part of the new ride-share reality?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Gruberg drives for Green Cab and is a board member of the San Francisco Taxi Worker Alliance. Count him among those who see the Yellow Cab sale as particularly bad news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think it's a very dire warning to everybody else,\" he said. \"The loss of Yellow does not bode well for the rest of the industry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's worried about whether the rest of the city's cabbies will be able to absorb the hundreds of taxi medallions that Yellow Cab is currently operating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gruberg also says drivers are \"on tenterhooks\" about what this means for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They're concerned for their livelihood,\" he said. \"Drivers have taken an enormous hit since Uber and Lyft have come into play.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ashwani Aeri, who has been driving for Yellow Cab for 28 years, agrees and disagrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says he's definitely felt the impact of the influx of \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/45000-uber-lyft-drivers-may-now-operate-san-francisco-drivers-continue-multiply/\" target=\"_blank\">tens of thousands\u003c/a> of Uber and Lyft drivers flooding San Francisco streets, but he's not worried about getting a new boss. He's hopeful that whoever the buyer is, they will take steps to keep the company going.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If somebody is going to spend millions of dollars to buy Yellow Cab and not care for the business, that would be bad for them,\" he said. He said other drivers are confident that the company's strong foothold in the city will mean little disruption will come with the sale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carl Macmurdo, the president of the Medallion Holders Association, agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really won't change a whole lot,\" he said of the sale. \"All the cabs will still be on the road.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Macmurdo drove for Yellow Cab for more than a decade before switching over to Flywheel two years ago. He thinks the sale will be wrapped up by the end of the year, with either Citywide or Flywheel taking over the business.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There is a future for taxis,\" said Susan Shaheen, co-director of the \u003ca href=\"http://tsrc.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Transportation Sustainability Research Center\u003c/a> at UC Berkeley and a leading expert on the evolving ride-share world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shaheen says taxis play a crucial role by providing transportation to people who don't have credit cards or smartphones and can't access Uber or Lyft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These types of services need to be preserved,\" she said. \"It's imperative we provide equitable transportation services to all individuals.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She's encouraged by moves some in the taxi industry are making toward incorporating new \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfexaminer.com/tale-two-taxis-flywheel-yellow-cab-diverge-strategies/\" target=\"_blank\">app-based technologies\u003c/a> as well as self-driving technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're still going to need people,\" Shaheen said about the evolving industry, \"but the skills required may change dramatically.\" She said those jobs could include caretakers and monitors who would act as human support staff for automated taxis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It could create more opportunities,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "from-hate-speech-to-fake-news-the-content-crisis-facing-mark-zuckerberg",
"title": "From Hate Speech to Fake News: the Content Crisis Facing Mark Zuckerberg",
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"headTitle": "From Hate Speech to Fake News: the Content Crisis Facing Mark Zuckerberg | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor’s Note:\u003c/strong> This story contains images and language that some readers may find disturbing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Zuckerberg — one of the most insightful, adept leaders in the business world — has a problem. It’s a problem he has been slow to acknowledge, even though it has become more apparent by the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several current and former Facebook employees tell NPR there is a lot of internal turmoil about how the platform does and doesn’t censor content that users find offensive. And outside Facebook, the public is regularly confounded by the company’s decisions — around controversial posts and around fake news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Did \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/pope-francis-donald-trump-endorsement/\">Pope Francis really endorse\u003c/a> Donald Trump? Does Hillary Clinton really have a \u003ca href=\"http://eaglerising.com/36880/a-hillary-clinton-administration-may-be-entirely-run-by-a-figurehead/\">body double\u003c/a>?)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind whatever the controversy of the moment happens to be, there’s a deep-seated problem. The problem is this: At age 19, the then-boy genius started a social network that was basically a tech-savvy way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2007/jul/25/media.newmedia\">check out classmates\u003c/a> in school. Then, over the course of 12 years, he made some very strategic decisions that have morphed Facebook into the most powerful distributor on Earth — the new front page of the news for \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/company-info/\">more than 1 billion\u003c/a> people every day. But Zuckerberg didn’t sign up to head a media company — as in, one that has to make editorial judgments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/495827410/502402451\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his team have made a very complex set of contradictory rules — a bias toward restricted speech for regular users, and toward free speech for “news” (real or fake). And the company relies on a sprawling army of subcontractors to enforce the rules. People involved in trying to make it work say they’re in way over their heads. As one employee put it, “We started out of a college dorm. I mean, c’mon, we’re Facebook. We never wanted to deal with this s***.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Subcontractors running the show\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR got the official version of how the company censors and leaves up content this summer when Facebook’s head of policy, Monika Bickert, agreed to a phone interview. We spoke with 10 current and former employees total, on the record and on background, for this investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to remember this sometimes, but Facebook has never claimed to be a free-speech platform. The company is trying to create a safe space where, unlike on Twitter, people can share without being trolled or shamed. Bickert is in charge of setting the content policies. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/communitystandards\">Community Standards\u003c/a>, which are posted online, are the rules for everyday users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explained that when a user reports a piece of content that might be offensive, the company exercises its power to censor with precision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”rW0OoouzHwixJ3pMYhx8Zi9oUCslrao5″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Context is so important. It’s critical when we are looking to determine whether or not something is hate speech, or a credible threat of violence,” she said. “We look at how a specific person shared a specific post or word or photo to Facebook. So we’re looking to see why did this particular share happen on Facebook? Why did this particular post happen?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, three of Bickert’s former colleagues tell a very different story of how Facebook deals with controversial content. They and others declined to be named for fear of job repercussions (at Facebook or at their current employers, also internet companies), but their descriptions are consistent with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a user flags a post on Facebook — whether it’s a picture, video or text post — it goes to a little-known division called the “community operations team.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You have to use judgment, in a system that doesn’t give you the time to make a real judgment.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 2010, the sources say, the team had a couple hundred workers in five countries. Facebook found it needed more hands on deck. After trying crowdsourcing solutions like CrowdFlower, the company turned to the consulting firm Accenture to put together a dedicated team of subcontractors. Sources say the team is now several thousand people, with some of the largest offices in Manila, the Philippines, and Warsaw, Poland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current and former employees of Facebook say that they’ve observed these subcontractors in action; that they are told to go fast — very fast; that they’re evaluated on speed; and that on average, a worker makes a decision about a piece of flagged content once every 10 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s do a back-of-the-envelope calculation. Say a worker is doing an eight-hour shift, at the rate of one post per 10 seconds. That means they’re clearing 2,880 posts a day per person. When NPR ran these numbers by current and former employees, they said that sounds reasonable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook spokesperson says response times vary widely, depending on what is being reported; that the vast majority of flagged content is not removed; and that the numbers are off. Facebook did not provide alternative numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”GHUFwakLngKMdaqXezKhADivYvtrrydc”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the sources — who have firsthand knowledge and spoke separately with NPR — are correct, then this may be the biggest editing — aka censorship — operation in the history of media. All the while, Facebook leaders insist they’re just running a “platform,” free of human judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A person who worked on this area of “content management” for Facebook (as an employee, not a subcontractor) says most of the content you see falls neatly into categories that don’t need deep reflection: “That’s an erect penis. Check.” So it’s not like the workers are analyzing every single one in detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that simple and complex items all go into the same big pile. So, the source says, “you go on autopilot” and don’t realize when “you have to use judgment, in a system that doesn’t give you the time to make a real judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A classic case is something like “Becky looks pregnant.” It could be cyberbullying or a compliment. The subcontractor “pretty much tosses a coin,” the source says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s another huge barrier. Because of privacy laws and technical glitches (such as a post that is truncated to show only part of the conversation), the subcontractors typically don’t get to see the full context — to which Bickert referred so often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Frequent errors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be the cause of frequent errors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR decided to stress-test the system by flagging nearly 200 posts that could be considered hate speech — specifically, attacks against blacks and against whites in the U.S. We found that Facebook subcontractors were not consistent and made numerous mistakes, including in instances where a user calls for violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We say they were mistakes because the company changed its position in dozens of instances, removing some and restoring others — either when we flagged it a second time through the automated system or brought it to the attention of Facebook headquarters in Menlo Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider this post:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178624\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178624\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-800x949.jpg\" alt=\"A comment on this post (indicated by the light gray text) was flagged by NPR. Facebook's subcontractors did not remove the comment, but after being pressed further, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and it should have been removed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"949\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-160x190.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-240x285.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-375x445.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-520x617.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A comment on this post (indicated by the light gray text) was flagged by NPR. Facebook’s subcontractors did not remove the comment, but after being pressed further, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and it should have been removed. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One user shares a video of a police officer kicking someone on the ground, and another says they “need to start organizing and sniping these bitches.” This is a call to shoot cops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s occurring in a very specific context: days after \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/07/485066807/police-stop-ends-in-black-mans-death-aftermath-is-livestreamed-online-video\">Philando Castile\u003c/a> was shot and killed by an officer (the shooting’s aftermath was live-streamed on Facebook); and in a city in Minnesota that’s just a few miles away from where Castile lay bleeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The subcontractors did not remove the post. When NPR emailed Facebook headquarters about it, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and the post should have been removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One source tells NPR that the subcontractor “likely” could not see the full post if just the comment was flagged, could not see the profile of the user or even view the video to which the user was responding — again for privacy or technical reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Different projects within Facebook have to compete fiercely for engineering talent, and have to make the case that their to-do list is worth expensive company resources. Two sources say that over the years, it’s been hard to make that case for fixing the editing system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178627\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178627\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-800x574.jpg\" alt=\"Of posts that NPR flagged, this one, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up erroneously, according to Facebook officials.\" width=\"800\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-800x574.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-375x269.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-520x373.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800.jpg 813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Of posts that NPR flagged, this one, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up erroneously, according to Facebook officials. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NPR shared many posts with the company to get specific feedback on why something stayed up or was taken down. This post, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up. The spokesperson says it should have been removed, but the reviewer’s perspective is not the same as a regular Facebook user; and because the company is protecting privacy, reviewers don’t have access to everything, which \u003cem>can\u003c/em> affect their judgments. Also, the spokesperson says, reviewers don’t have the time a person at Facebook headquarters or at NPR may have to make a decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another spokesperson notes that just because the reviewer has a limited view does not mean Bickert’s description is incorrect — that the two versions of the process are not mutually exclusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A restrictive platform\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR also finds, interestingly, that Facebook can be strict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of it this way. Every media outlet has its own culture and voice. If \u003cem>The New York Times \u003c/em>is urban liberal, Fox News is conservative, and Playboy is racy, you could say Facebook aspires to be nice — a global brand that’s as easy to swallow as Coca-Cola. (In this provocative \u003ca href=\"http://shorensteincenter.org/jeffrey-rosen-future-of-free-speech-in-a-digital-world/\">talk at Harvard’s Shorenstein Center\u003c/a>, law professor and author Jeffrey Rosen says Facebook favors “civility” over “liberty.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bias is evident in these real-life examples:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178629\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178629\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-800x428.jpg\" alt=\"One example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used.\" width=\"800\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-800x428.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-160x86.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-240x128.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-375x201.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-520x278.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-280x150.jpg 280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85.jpg 888w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178632\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178632\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-800x301.jpg\" alt=\"A second example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used.\" width=\"800\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-160x60.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-240x90.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-375x141.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-520x196.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A second example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NPR asked two newsroom veterans to put themselves in the position of a Facebook content arbiter. We don’t have access to Facebook’s internal guidance on hate speech, so they had to rely on their own judgment and familiarity with Facebook as users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynette Clemetson, formerly with NPR and now at the University of Michigan, says of Post 1, “now that’s just dumb.” Post 2, she says, sounds like a “rant.” Chip Mahaney, a former managing editor at a Fox television station, agrees. Both experts venture to guess that the posts are acceptable speech on the platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To their surprise, they’re not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When NPR flagged the posts, Facebook censors decided to take them down. The spokesperson explains to NPR: It’s OK to use racial slurs when being self-referential. A black person can say things like “my niggers.” But no one can use a slur to attack an individual or group. That’s prohibited. A white person cannot use the word “nigger” to mock or attack blacks. Blacks can’t use “crakkker” (in whatever spelling) to offend whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wiggle room in pictures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are so many caveats and exceptions — particularly when it comes to interpreting images and videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider this post:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178634\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-800x413.jpg\" alt=\"This image showing a noose, which was flagged by NPR, was not removed. A Facebook spokesperson explains that if the image included a person, a specific victim of a hate crime, then it would be removed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-800x413.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-160x83.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-960x496.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-240x124.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-375x194.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-520x269.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85.jpg 995w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This image showing a noose, which was flagged by NPR, was not removed. A Facebook spokesperson explains that if the image included a person, a specific victim of a hate crime, then it would be removed. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is a noose, the kind used to hang slaves. Beside it is a sign. While the letters are faded, you can make out the words: “Nigger swing set.” It was shared by a user named “White Lives Matter 2.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news veterans would take it down. Clemetson says it’s not quite a call to violent action, but it’s certainly a reference to past action. “It’s a reference to lynching — and making a joke of lynching.” Mahaney says this is “obviously a pretty difficult picture to look at” and his instinct is, unless there’s a deeper context, “I would say it has no place on here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook left it up, and stands by that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson explains this historical reference doesn’t have a human victim clearly depicted. If the image included a person, a specific subject of a hate crime, then it would be removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson also made a claim that has not panned out: that in some situations, like this one, Facebook requires the user who created the page to add their real name to the “about” section. By removing anonymity, the hope is, people will be more thoughtful about what they post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson says “White Lives Matter 2” was told to identify him or herself promptly. Yet more than a month after NPR flagged the post, it hadn’t happened — yet another way Facebook’s enforcement mechanism is broken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>With news, a double standard emerges\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the user rules weren’t nuanced enough, add to that a new plot line: CEO Zuckerberg decided to forge partnerships with news media to make his social network the most powerful distributor of news on Earth. (Facebook pays NPR and other news organizations to produce live videos for its site.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Facebook has found in the process is that it’s much harder to censor high-profile newsmakers than it is to censor regular users. As one source says, “Whoever screams the loudest gets our attention. We react.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s making newsworthy content a whole other category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider the scandals around “Napalm Girl” and Donald Trump. In the first, Facebook was slammed for not allowing users to share \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/09/493267919/after-facebook-censors-iconic-photo-norwegian-newspaper-pushes-back\">a Pulitzer Prize-winning photo\u003c/a> because it showed child nudity. In the second, Facebook came under criticism for allowing Donald Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-employees-wanted-to-block-donald-trump-report-2016-10\">to call for a ban on Muslims\u003c/a> coming to the U.S. — what is clearly hate speech under their regular rules, according to two former employees and a current one. One source said, “He hadn’t even won the Republican primary yet. What we decided mattered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases, the company caved to public pressure and decided to bend the rules. The source says both decisions were “highly controversial” among employees; and they signal that Facebook leadership is feeling pressure to move toward a free-speech standard for news distribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How to define news is a huge source of controversy — not just with the elections, but with every charged moment. After Trump won, some critics blamed fake news on Facebook for the election’s outcome. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/11/11/501743684/zuckerberg-denies-fake-news-on-facebook-had-impact-on-the-election\">Zuckerberg dismisses that idea\u003c/a>). After Philando Castile was shot by police, his video disappeared from Facebook. The company says it was “a glitch” and restored it. And the concern over its removal is part of an \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/08/05/facebook-video-police/\">ongoing debate\u003c/a> about what police-civilian standoffs should be live-streamed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in Silicon Valley dismiss the criticisms against Facebook as schadenfreude: Just like taxi drivers don’t like Uber, legacy media envies the success of the social platform and enjoys seeing its leadership on the hot seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former employee is not so dismissive and says there is a cultural problem, a stubborn blindness at Facebook and other leading internet companies like Twitter. The source says: “The hardest problems these companies face aren’t technological. They are ethical, and there’s not as much rigor in how it’s done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a values level, some experts point out, Facebook has to decide if its solution is free speech (the more people post, the more the truth rises), or clear restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And technically, there’s no shortage of ideas about how to fix the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former employee says speech is so complex, you can’t expect Facebook to arrive at the same decision each and every time; but you can expect a company that consistently ranks among the 10 most valuable on Earth, by market cap, to put more thought and resources into its censorship machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The source argues Facebook could afford to make content management regional — have decisions come from the same country in which a post occurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speech norms are highly regional. When Facebook first opened its offices in Hyderabad, India, a former employee says, the guidance the reviewers got was to remove sexual content. In a test run, they ended up removing French kissing. Senior management was blown away. The Indian reviewers were doing something Facebook did not expect but which makes perfect sense for local norms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvard business professor Ben Edelman says Facebook could invest engineering resources into categorizing the posts. “It makes no sense at all,” he says, that when a piece of content is flagged, it goes into one long line. The company could have the algorithm track what flagged content is getting the most circulation and move that up in the queue, he suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg finds himself at the helm of a company that started as a tech company — run by algorithms, free of human judgment, the mythology went. And now he’s just so clearly the CEO of a media company — replete with highly complex rules (What is hate speech anyway?); with double standards (If it’s “news” it stays, if it’s a rant it goes); and with an enforcement mechanism that is set up to fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Gabriela Mejias and Justina Vasquez contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor’s Note:\u003c/strong> This story contains images and language that some readers may find disturbing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Zuckerberg — one of the most insightful, adept leaders in the business world — has a problem. It’s a problem he has been slow to acknowledge, even though it has become more apparent by the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several current and former Facebook employees tell NPR there is a lot of internal turmoil about how the platform does and doesn’t censor content that users find offensive. And outside Facebook, the public is regularly confounded by the company’s decisions — around controversial posts and around fake news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Did \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/pope-francis-donald-trump-endorsement/\">Pope Francis really endorse\u003c/a> Donald Trump? Does Hillary Clinton really have a \u003ca href=\"http://eaglerising.com/36880/a-hillary-clinton-administration-may-be-entirely-run-by-a-figurehead/\">body double\u003c/a>?)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind whatever the controversy of the moment happens to be, there’s a deep-seated problem. The problem is this: At age 19, the then-boy genius started a social network that was basically a tech-savvy way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2007/jul/25/media.newmedia\">check out classmates\u003c/a> in school. Then, over the course of 12 years, he made some very strategic decisions that have morphed Facebook into the most powerful distributor on Earth — the new front page of the news for \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/company-info/\">more than 1 billion\u003c/a> people every day. But Zuckerberg didn’t sign up to head a media company — as in, one that has to make editorial judgments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/495827410/502402451\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his team have made a very complex set of contradictory rules — a bias toward restricted speech for regular users, and toward free speech for “news” (real or fake). And the company relies on a sprawling army of subcontractors to enforce the rules. People involved in trying to make it work say they’re in way over their heads. As one employee put it, “We started out of a college dorm. I mean, c’mon, we’re Facebook. We never wanted to deal with this s***.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Subcontractors running the show\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR got the official version of how the company censors and leaves up content this summer when Facebook’s head of policy, Monika Bickert, agreed to a phone interview. We spoke with 10 current and former employees total, on the record and on background, for this investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to remember this sometimes, but Facebook has never claimed to be a free-speech platform. The company is trying to create a safe space where, unlike on Twitter, people can share without being trolled or shamed. Bickert is in charge of setting the content policies. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/communitystandards\">Community Standards\u003c/a>, which are posted online, are the rules for everyday users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explained that when a user reports a piece of content that might be offensive, the company exercises its power to censor with precision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Context is so important. It’s critical when we are looking to determine whether or not something is hate speech, or a credible threat of violence,” she said. “We look at how a specific person shared a specific post or word or photo to Facebook. So we’re looking to see why did this particular share happen on Facebook? Why did this particular post happen?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, three of Bickert’s former colleagues tell a very different story of how Facebook deals with controversial content. They and others declined to be named for fear of job repercussions (at Facebook or at their current employers, also internet companies), but their descriptions are consistent with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a user flags a post on Facebook — whether it’s a picture, video or text post — it goes to a little-known division called the “community operations team.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You have to use judgment, in a system that doesn’t give you the time to make a real judgment.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 2010, the sources say, the team had a couple hundred workers in five countries. Facebook found it needed more hands on deck. After trying crowdsourcing solutions like CrowdFlower, the company turned to the consulting firm Accenture to put together a dedicated team of subcontractors. Sources say the team is now several thousand people, with some of the largest offices in Manila, the Philippines, and Warsaw, Poland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current and former employees of Facebook say that they’ve observed these subcontractors in action; that they are told to go fast — very fast; that they’re evaluated on speed; and that on average, a worker makes a decision about a piece of flagged content once every 10 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s do a back-of-the-envelope calculation. Say a worker is doing an eight-hour shift, at the rate of one post per 10 seconds. That means they’re clearing 2,880 posts a day per person. When NPR ran these numbers by current and former employees, they said that sounds reasonable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook spokesperson says response times vary widely, depending on what is being reported; that the vast majority of flagged content is not removed; and that the numbers are off. Facebook did not provide alternative numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the sources — who have firsthand knowledge and spoke separately with NPR — are correct, then this may be the biggest editing — aka censorship — operation in the history of media. All the while, Facebook leaders insist they’re just running a “platform,” free of human judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A person who worked on this area of “content management” for Facebook (as an employee, not a subcontractor) says most of the content you see falls neatly into categories that don’t need deep reflection: “That’s an erect penis. Check.” So it’s not like the workers are analyzing every single one in detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that simple and complex items all go into the same big pile. So, the source says, “you go on autopilot” and don’t realize when “you have to use judgment, in a system that doesn’t give you the time to make a real judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A classic case is something like “Becky looks pregnant.” It could be cyberbullying or a compliment. The subcontractor “pretty much tosses a coin,” the source says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s another huge barrier. Because of privacy laws and technical glitches (such as a post that is truncated to show only part of the conversation), the subcontractors typically don’t get to see the full context — to which Bickert referred so often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Frequent errors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be the cause of frequent errors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR decided to stress-test the system by flagging nearly 200 posts that could be considered hate speech — specifically, attacks against blacks and against whites in the U.S. We found that Facebook subcontractors were not consistent and made numerous mistakes, including in instances where a user calls for violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We say they were mistakes because the company changed its position in dozens of instances, removing some and restoring others — either when we flagged it a second time through the automated system or brought it to the attention of Facebook headquarters in Menlo Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider this post:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178624\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178624\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-800x949.jpg\" alt=\"A comment on this post (indicated by the light gray text) was flagged by NPR. Facebook's subcontractors did not remove the comment, but after being pressed further, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and it should have been removed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"949\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-160x190.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-240x285.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-375x445.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-520x617.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A comment on this post (indicated by the light gray text) was flagged by NPR. Facebook’s subcontractors did not remove the comment, but after being pressed further, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and it should have been removed. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One user shares a video of a police officer kicking someone on the ground, and another says they “need to start organizing and sniping these bitches.” This is a call to shoot cops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s occurring in a very specific context: days after \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/07/485066807/police-stop-ends-in-black-mans-death-aftermath-is-livestreamed-online-video\">Philando Castile\u003c/a> was shot and killed by an officer (the shooting’s aftermath was live-streamed on Facebook); and in a city in Minnesota that’s just a few miles away from where Castile lay bleeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The subcontractors did not remove the post. When NPR emailed Facebook headquarters about it, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and the post should have been removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One source tells NPR that the subcontractor “likely” could not see the full post if just the comment was flagged, could not see the profile of the user or even view the video to which the user was responding — again for privacy or technical reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Different projects within Facebook have to compete fiercely for engineering talent, and have to make the case that their to-do list is worth expensive company resources. Two sources say that over the years, it’s been hard to make that case for fixing the editing system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178627\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178627\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-800x574.jpg\" alt=\"Of posts that NPR flagged, this one, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up erroneously, according to Facebook officials.\" width=\"800\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-800x574.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-375x269.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-520x373.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800.jpg 813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Of posts that NPR flagged, this one, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up erroneously, according to Facebook officials. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NPR shared many posts with the company to get specific feedback on why something stayed up or was taken down. This post, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up. The spokesperson says it should have been removed, but the reviewer’s perspective is not the same as a regular Facebook user; and because the company is protecting privacy, reviewers don’t have access to everything, which \u003cem>can\u003c/em> affect their judgments. Also, the spokesperson says, reviewers don’t have the time a person at Facebook headquarters or at NPR may have to make a decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another spokesperson notes that just because the reviewer has a limited view does not mean Bickert’s description is incorrect — that the two versions of the process are not mutually exclusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A restrictive platform\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR also finds, interestingly, that Facebook can be strict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of it this way. Every media outlet has its own culture and voice. If \u003cem>The New York Times \u003c/em>is urban liberal, Fox News is conservative, and Playboy is racy, you could say Facebook aspires to be nice — a global brand that’s as easy to swallow as Coca-Cola. (In this provocative \u003ca href=\"http://shorensteincenter.org/jeffrey-rosen-future-of-free-speech-in-a-digital-world/\">talk at Harvard’s Shorenstein Center\u003c/a>, law professor and author Jeffrey Rosen says Facebook favors “civility” over “liberty.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bias is evident in these real-life examples:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178629\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178629\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-800x428.jpg\" alt=\"One example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used.\" width=\"800\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-800x428.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-160x86.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-240x128.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-375x201.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-520x278.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-280x150.jpg 280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85.jpg 888w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178632\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178632\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-800x301.jpg\" alt=\"A second example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used.\" width=\"800\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-160x60.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-240x90.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-375x141.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-520x196.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A second example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NPR asked two newsroom veterans to put themselves in the position of a Facebook content arbiter. We don’t have access to Facebook’s internal guidance on hate speech, so they had to rely on their own judgment and familiarity with Facebook as users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynette Clemetson, formerly with NPR and now at the University of Michigan, says of Post 1, “now that’s just dumb.” Post 2, she says, sounds like a “rant.” Chip Mahaney, a former managing editor at a Fox television station, agrees. Both experts venture to guess that the posts are acceptable speech on the platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To their surprise, they’re not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When NPR flagged the posts, Facebook censors decided to take them down. The spokesperson explains to NPR: It’s OK to use racial slurs when being self-referential. A black person can say things like “my niggers.” But no one can use a slur to attack an individual or group. That’s prohibited. A white person cannot use the word “nigger” to mock or attack blacks. Blacks can’t use “crakkker” (in whatever spelling) to offend whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wiggle room in pictures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are so many caveats and exceptions — particularly when it comes to interpreting images and videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider this post:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178634\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-800x413.jpg\" alt=\"This image showing a noose, which was flagged by NPR, was not removed. A Facebook spokesperson explains that if the image included a person, a specific victim of a hate crime, then it would be removed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-800x413.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-160x83.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-960x496.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-240x124.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-375x194.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-520x269.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85.jpg 995w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This image showing a noose, which was flagged by NPR, was not removed. A Facebook spokesperson explains that if the image included a person, a specific victim of a hate crime, then it would be removed. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is a noose, the kind used to hang slaves. Beside it is a sign. While the letters are faded, you can make out the words: “Nigger swing set.” It was shared by a user named “White Lives Matter 2.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news veterans would take it down. Clemetson says it’s not quite a call to violent action, but it’s certainly a reference to past action. “It’s a reference to lynching — and making a joke of lynching.” Mahaney says this is “obviously a pretty difficult picture to look at” and his instinct is, unless there’s a deeper context, “I would say it has no place on here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook left it up, and stands by that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson explains this historical reference doesn’t have a human victim clearly depicted. If the image included a person, a specific subject of a hate crime, then it would be removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson also made a claim that has not panned out: that in some situations, like this one, Facebook requires the user who created the page to add their real name to the “about” section. By removing anonymity, the hope is, people will be more thoughtful about what they post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson says “White Lives Matter 2” was told to identify him or herself promptly. Yet more than a month after NPR flagged the post, it hadn’t happened — yet another way Facebook’s enforcement mechanism is broken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>With news, a double standard emerges\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the user rules weren’t nuanced enough, add to that a new plot line: CEO Zuckerberg decided to forge partnerships with news media to make his social network the most powerful distributor of news on Earth. (Facebook pays NPR and other news organizations to produce live videos for its site.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Facebook has found in the process is that it’s much harder to censor high-profile newsmakers than it is to censor regular users. As one source says, “Whoever screams the loudest gets our attention. We react.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s making newsworthy content a whole other category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider the scandals around “Napalm Girl” and Donald Trump. In the first, Facebook was slammed for not allowing users to share \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/09/493267919/after-facebook-censors-iconic-photo-norwegian-newspaper-pushes-back\">a Pulitzer Prize-winning photo\u003c/a> because it showed child nudity. In the second, Facebook came under criticism for allowing Donald Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-employees-wanted-to-block-donald-trump-report-2016-10\">to call for a ban on Muslims\u003c/a> coming to the U.S. — what is clearly hate speech under their regular rules, according to two former employees and a current one. One source said, “He hadn’t even won the Republican primary yet. What we decided mattered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases, the company caved to public pressure and decided to bend the rules. The source says both decisions were “highly controversial” among employees; and they signal that Facebook leadership is feeling pressure to move toward a free-speech standard for news distribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How to define news is a huge source of controversy — not just with the elections, but with every charged moment. After Trump won, some critics blamed fake news on Facebook for the election’s outcome. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/11/11/501743684/zuckerberg-denies-fake-news-on-facebook-had-impact-on-the-election\">Zuckerberg dismisses that idea\u003c/a>). After Philando Castile was shot by police, his video disappeared from Facebook. The company says it was “a glitch” and restored it. And the concern over its removal is part of an \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/08/05/facebook-video-police/\">ongoing debate\u003c/a> about what police-civilian standoffs should be live-streamed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in Silicon Valley dismiss the criticisms against Facebook as schadenfreude: Just like taxi drivers don’t like Uber, legacy media envies the success of the social platform and enjoys seeing its leadership on the hot seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former employee is not so dismissive and says there is a cultural problem, a stubborn blindness at Facebook and other leading internet companies like Twitter. The source says: “The hardest problems these companies face aren’t technological. They are ethical, and there’s not as much rigor in how it’s done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a values level, some experts point out, Facebook has to decide if its solution is free speech (the more people post, the more the truth rises), or clear restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And technically, there’s no shortage of ideas about how to fix the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former employee says speech is so complex, you can’t expect Facebook to arrive at the same decision each and every time; but you can expect a company that consistently ranks among the 10 most valuable on Earth, by market cap, to put more thought and resources into its censorship machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The source argues Facebook could afford to make content management regional — have decisions come from the same country in which a post occurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speech norms are highly regional. When Facebook first opened its offices in Hyderabad, India, a former employee says, the guidance the reviewers got was to remove sexual content. In a test run, they ended up removing French kissing. Senior management was blown away. The Indian reviewers were doing something Facebook did not expect but which makes perfect sense for local norms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvard business professor Ben Edelman says Facebook could invest engineering resources into categorizing the posts. “It makes no sense at all,” he says, that when a piece of content is flagged, it goes into one long line. The company could have the algorithm track what flagged content is getting the most circulation and move that up in the queue, he suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg finds himself at the helm of a company that started as a tech company — run by algorithms, free of human judgment, the mythology went. And now he’s just so clearly the CEO of a media company — replete with highly complex rules (What is hate speech anyway?); with double standards (If it’s “news” it stays, if it’s a rant it goes); and with an enforcement mechanism that is set up to fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Gabriela Mejias and Justina Vasquez contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
"airtime": "SAT 4pm-5pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
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