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"bio": "\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Queena Sook Kim is a former senior editor of the weekend desk at KQED. Before taking on that post, she was the Senior Editor of the Silicon Valley Desk and was the \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">host of The California Report. The daily morning show airs on KQED in San Francisco, one of the nation’s largest NPR affiliates, and on 30 stations across the state. In that role, she produces and reports on news, politics and life in the Golden State. Queena likes to take sideways look at the larger trends changing the state. One of her favorite stories asked\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/02/15/why-the-heck-do-mexican-reporters-on-public-radio-say-their-names-that-way\"> \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">why Latino journalists “over’pronounce” their Spanish surnames\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> as a way of looking at how immigration is creating a culture shift in California.\u003c/span>\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Before joining The California Report, Queena was a \u003ca href=\"http://www.marketplace.org/people/queena-kim\">Senior Reporter covering technology for Marketplace\u003c/a>, the daily business show that airs on public radio. Queena covered daily tech business stories and reported on larger technology trends. She did a series of stories looking at role of social engineering in hacking and on a start-up in Silicon Valley that’s trying to use technology, instead of animals, to make meat that bleeds.\u003c/span>\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Queena started her career as a business journalist at the Wall Street Journal, where she spent four years covering the paper, home building and toy industries. She wrote A1 stories about the unusually aggressive tactics KB Home took against its home buyers. and the resurgence of “Cracker” architecture in Florida. She also wrote section front stories on marketing trends and\u003c/span>\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As a journalist, Queena has spent much of her career helping start-up editorial products. She was on the founding editorial team of The Bay Citizen, an experimental, online news site in San Francisco that was funded by the late hillbilly billionaire Warren Hellman. In 2009, Queena received a grant from the Corporation of Public Broadcasting to start-up a podcast called \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/cyberfrequencies\">CyberFrequencies\u003c/a>, which reported on the culture of technology. She also helped start-up two radio shows - Off-Ramp and Pacific Drift - for KPCC, the NPR-affiliate in Los Angeles. Off-Ramp was awarded 1st Place for news and Public Affairs programming by the PRINDI and the L.A. Press club. \u003ca href=\"https://soundcloud.com/queena-sook-kim\">Queena’s stories have appeared \u003c/a>on NPR’s Day to Day, Hearing Voices, WNYC’s Studio 360, WBUR’s Here and Now, BBC’s Global Perspectives and New York Times’ multimedia page.\u003c/span>\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1994, Queena won a Fulbright Grant to teach and study in Seoul, South Korea. She was also selected to be a Teach For America Corps Member in 1991 and taught elementary school in the Inglewood Unified School District in Southern California.\u003c/span>\r\n\r\n\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Queena is a frequent public speaker and has given talks at UC Berkeley, Stanford University, San Francisco State University, PRINDI conference and the Craigslist Foundation Boot Camp. Queena went to UC Berkeley’s Graduate School of Journalism and graduated cum laude from New York University with a B.A. in Politics. She grew up in Southern California and lives in Berkeley, Ca in a big fixer on which she spends most weekends, well, fixing.\u003c/span>",
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"disqusTitle": "Google Spinoff Sues Uber, Saying Chief of Self-Driving-Car Effort Stole Secrets",
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"content": "\u003cp>Waymo, the company that began as Google's self-driving-car project, is suing Uber, saying that when the company bought a startup founded by Waymo veterans, it also acquired thousands of design files stolen by those same former Waymo employees. Waymo \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/waymo/a-note-on-our-lawsuit-against-otto-and-uber-86f4f98902a1#.78q96tknf\" target=\"_blank\">is citing\u003c/a> forensic evidence — and an email that the company says inadvertently blew its former employees' cover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The startup in question is Otto, which was only months old when Uber bought it for \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-tech-volvo-otto-idUSKCN10T1TR\">roughly $680 million\u003c/a> last summer. The deal resulted in Uber putting Otto co-founder Anthony Levandowski in charge of its self-driving-vehicle effort — which includes both trucking, a field Otto had focused on, and personal vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, according to Waymo and Alphabet (Google's umbrella company) is that before he left, Levandowski \"took extraordinary efforts to raid Waymo's design server and then conceal his activities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/waymo/a-note-on-our-lawsuit-against-otto-and-uber-86f4f98902a1#.9s91snwmx\">says it views Levandowski's actions\u003c/a> as \"part of a concerted plan to steal Waymo's trade secrets and intellectual property.\" In its court filing, the company says the plan was meant to help Uber recover from being \"more than five years behind\" in the race to develop reliable autonomous vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Requests for comment on the case from Uber and Otto were unanswered as of Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo's accusations center on LiDAR — essentially, the technology that allows self-driving vehicles to see the world around them by using lasers to shape an evolving 3-D image of other objects on the road. Waymo says it invested millions of dollars and thousands of hours to develop its advanced and cost-effective LiDAR sensors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo says Levandowski, who worked as a manager in its self-driving car project, downloaded nearly 10 gigabytes of data — more than 14,000 files — and attached an external hard drive to his company computer. A big chunk of that data, Waymo says, was related to LiDAR technology — including \"confidential specifications for each version of every generation of Waymo's LiDAR circuit boards,\" the company says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its lawsuit, Waymo also says its former employees who left to join Levandowski's new venture brought proprietary information with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These secrets included confidential supplier lists, manufacturing details and statements of work with highly technical information,\" the company says in its complaint, \"all of which reflected the results of Waymo's months-long, resource-intensive research into suppliers for highly specialized LiDAR sensor components.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LiDAR is also at the heart of an email that seems to have been sent to Waymo by mistake by a vendor who copied the company on a message to Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7dzPLynxaXuQjY3dkllZ2ZKb0k/view\">the complaint\u003c/a> filed in U.S. District Court:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Waymo was recently – and apparently inadvertently – copied on an email from one of its LiDAR component vendors. The email attached machine drawings of what purports to be an Uber LiDAR circuit board. This circuit board bears a striking resemblance to Waymo's own highly confidential and proprietary design and reflects Waymo trade secrets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo accuses Levandowski of attempting to conceal his activity in the Waymo design server, saying that he installed a new operating system on his company-issued laptop in an attempt to wipe the laptop clean — and that after that activity, he only used the laptop again for a few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the rough timeline of events Waymo alleges in its court filing:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Dec. 11, 2015: Using special software, Levandowski downloads more than 14,000 files. Seven days later, he reformats the laptop.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Jan. 14, 2016: Levandowski attends a high-level meeting at Uber's headquarters, according to Waymo.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Jan 15, 2016: Levandowski forms a new venture called 280 Systems, which will later becomes OttoMotto.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Jan. 27, 2016: Levandowski resigns from Waymo without notice, the company says.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Feb. 1, 2016: Otto Trucking is officially formed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>August 18, 2016: Uber \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/rethinking-transportation/\">announces deal to acquire Otto\u003c/a> — \"shortly after Mr. Levandowski received his final multi-million-dollar payment from Google,\" Waymo notes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Dec. 13, 2016: Waymo receives an errant email from a LiDAR-component vendor, including an attached image of a circuit board that Waymo says strongly resembles its \"highly confidential current-generation LiDAR circuit board.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Feb. 9, 2016: Waymo receives documents from Nevada regulatory authorities that show Otto mentioned an \"[i]n-house custom built 64-laser\" LiDAR system that it said it had developed shortly before being acquired by Uber.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Along the way, Otto and Uber marked two high-profile milestones. Last September, Uber \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/pittsburgh-self-driving-uber/\">enacted a pilot program\u003c/a> using self-driving cars in Pittsburgh. And in October, Otto performed what was called \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2016/10/ubers-self-driving-truck-makes-first-delivery-50000-beers/\">the world's first autonomous truck delivery\u003c/a>\" in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While at Google, Anthony Levandowski was widely regarded as a star, a gifted engineer with a knack for integrating his work into the real world. The Ghost Rider robotic motorcycle he led the development of now belongs to \u003ca href=\"http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1332301\">the Smithsonian\u003c/a>. He joined Google back in 2007 — and in 2013, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/11/25/auto-correct\">New Yorker profile\u003c/a> said of him, \"Levandowski is equal parts idealist and voracious capitalist. He wants to fix the world and make a fortune doing it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that article was published, Levandowski worked at Google X, the company's experimental lab. It's unclear how the current dispute might affect his reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo's lawsuit is the latest in a series of dramatic shifts in the relationship between Alphabet and Uber. Back in 2013, Google Ventures \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2013/08/22/google-ventures-puts-258m-into-uber-its-largest-deal-ever/\">invested more than $250 million\u003c/a> in the car service. At the same time, David Drummond, an Alphabet executive in corporate development, joined Uber's board — but he stepped down last summer, as the companies' roles as competitors became clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/20/key-google-executive-heads-to-uber.html\">Uber hired Amit Singhal\u003c/a>, a former Google executive who led the company's search unit before retiring one year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Google+Spin-Off+Sues+Uber%2C+Saying+Leader+Of+Autonomous+Vehicle+Unit+Stole+Key+Designs&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Waymo, the company that began as Google's self-driving-car project, is suing Uber, saying that when the company bought a startup founded by Waymo veterans, it also acquired thousands of design files stolen by those same former Waymo employees. Waymo \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/waymo/a-note-on-our-lawsuit-against-otto-and-uber-86f4f98902a1#.78q96tknf\" target=\"_blank\">is citing\u003c/a> forensic evidence — and an email that the company says inadvertently blew its former employees' cover.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The startup in question is Otto, which was only months old when Uber bought it for \u003ca href=\"http://www.reuters.com/article/us-uber-tech-volvo-otto-idUSKCN10T1TR\">roughly $680 million\u003c/a> last summer. The deal resulted in Uber putting Otto co-founder Anthony Levandowski in charge of its self-driving-vehicle effort — which includes both trucking, a field Otto had focused on, and personal vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem, according to Waymo and Alphabet (Google's umbrella company) is that before he left, Levandowski \"took extraordinary efforts to raid Waymo's design server and then conceal his activities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/waymo/a-note-on-our-lawsuit-against-otto-and-uber-86f4f98902a1#.9s91snwmx\">says it views Levandowski's actions\u003c/a> as \"part of a concerted plan to steal Waymo's trade secrets and intellectual property.\" In its court filing, the company says the plan was meant to help Uber recover from being \"more than five years behind\" in the race to develop reliable autonomous vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Requests for comment on the case from Uber and Otto were unanswered as of Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo's accusations center on LiDAR — essentially, the technology that allows self-driving vehicles to see the world around them by using lasers to shape an evolving 3-D image of other objects on the road. Waymo says it invested millions of dollars and thousands of hours to develop its advanced and cost-effective LiDAR sensors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo says Levandowski, who worked as a manager in its self-driving car project, downloaded nearly 10 gigabytes of data — more than 14,000 files — and attached an external hard drive to his company computer. A big chunk of that data, Waymo says, was related to LiDAR technology — including \"confidential specifications for each version of every generation of Waymo's LiDAR circuit boards,\" the company says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its lawsuit, Waymo also says its former employees who left to join Levandowski's new venture brought proprietary information with them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These secrets included confidential supplier lists, manufacturing details and statements of work with highly technical information,\" the company says in its complaint, \"all of which reflected the results of Waymo's months-long, resource-intensive research into suppliers for highly specialized LiDAR sensor components.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>LiDAR is also at the heart of an email that seems to have been sent to Waymo by mistake by a vendor who copied the company on a message to Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B7dzPLynxaXuQjY3dkllZ2ZKb0k/view\">the complaint\u003c/a> filed in U.S. District Court:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Waymo was recently – and apparently inadvertently – copied on an email from one of its LiDAR component vendors. The email attached machine drawings of what purports to be an Uber LiDAR circuit board. This circuit board bears a striking resemblance to Waymo's own highly confidential and proprietary design and reflects Waymo trade secrets.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo accuses Levandowski of attempting to conceal his activity in the Waymo design server, saying that he installed a new operating system on his company-issued laptop in an attempt to wipe the laptop clean — and that after that activity, he only used the laptop again for a few minutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the rough timeline of events Waymo alleges in its court filing:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>Dec. 11, 2015: Using special software, Levandowski downloads more than 14,000 files. Seven days later, he reformats the laptop.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Jan. 14, 2016: Levandowski attends a high-level meeting at Uber's headquarters, according to Waymo.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Jan 15, 2016: Levandowski forms a new venture called 280 Systems, which will later becomes OttoMotto.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Jan. 27, 2016: Levandowski resigns from Waymo without notice, the company says.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Feb. 1, 2016: Otto Trucking is officially formed.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>August 18, 2016: Uber \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/rethinking-transportation/\">announces deal to acquire Otto\u003c/a> — \"shortly after Mr. Levandowski received his final multi-million-dollar payment from Google,\" Waymo notes.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Dec. 13, 2016: Waymo receives an errant email from a LiDAR-component vendor, including an attached image of a circuit board that Waymo says strongly resembles its \"highly confidential current-generation LiDAR circuit board.\"\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Feb. 9, 2016: Waymo receives documents from Nevada regulatory authorities that show Otto mentioned an \"[i]n-house custom built 64-laser\" LiDAR system that it said it had developed shortly before being acquired by Uber.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Along the way, Otto and Uber marked two high-profile milestones. Last September, Uber \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/pittsburgh-self-driving-uber/\">enacted a pilot program\u003c/a> using self-driving cars in Pittsburgh. And in October, Otto performed what was called \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.wired.com/2016/10/ubers-self-driving-truck-makes-first-delivery-50000-beers/\">the world's first autonomous truck delivery\u003c/a>\" in Colorado.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While at Google, Anthony Levandowski was widely regarded as a star, a gifted engineer with a knack for integrating his work into the real world. The Ghost Rider robotic motorcycle he led the development of now belongs to \u003ca href=\"http://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1332301\">the Smithsonian\u003c/a>. He joined Google back in 2007 — and in 2013, a \u003ca href=\"http://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2013/11/25/auto-correct\">New Yorker profile\u003c/a> said of him, \"Levandowski is equal parts idealist and voracious capitalist. He wants to fix the world and make a fortune doing it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that article was published, Levandowski worked at Google X, the company's experimental lab. It's unclear how the current dispute might affect his reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Waymo's lawsuit is the latest in a series of dramatic shifts in the relationship between Alphabet and Uber. Back in 2013, Google Ventures \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2013/08/22/google-ventures-puts-258m-into-uber-its-largest-deal-ever/\">invested more than $250 million\u003c/a> in the car service. At the same time, David Drummond, an Alphabet executive in corporate development, joined Uber's board — but he stepped down last summer, as the companies' roles as competitors became clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2017/01/20/key-google-executive-heads-to-uber.html\">Uber hired Amit Singhal\u003c/a>, a former Google executive who led the company's search unit before retiring one year ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Google+Spin-Off+Sues+Uber%2C+Saying+Leader+Of+Autonomous+Vehicle+Unit+Stole+Key+Designs&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/02/16/broad-institute-wins-decision-over-uc-berkeley-in-crispr-patent-battle/\" target=\"_blank\">Last week\u003c/a> the feds may have dashed \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">UC Berkeley's\u003c/a> billion-dollar dreams when it decided not to give the university patent rights over CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Feb. 15 ruling from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office let Berkeley's rival--the \u003ca href=\"https://www.broadinstitute.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Broad Institute\u003c/a> jointly owned by Harvard and MIT--keep its existing patents issued in 2014. UC Berkeley has yet to say whether or not it will appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"6PeUNVfkMeIqGUVoQhOEw9qi7r38vVhJ\"] Berkeley was seeking to have some of those patents repealed because the university says they conflict with its pending patent application for CRISPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judges reasoned that Berkeley's patent request doesn't affect Broad's existing patents because the two are based on different gene editing techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley's patent request is for editing genes in bacteria, whereas Broad's existing patents are for editing genes in eukaryotic cells, i.e. cells found in plants and animals, including humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Berkeley argues that its research tool can easily be extended to use in non-bacterial cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That distinction is key since potentially lucrative applications of gene editing in medicine and health will involve eukaryotic cells found in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley biologist Jennifer Doudna, who is credited with co-inventing CRISPR-Cas9 now has two options:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1) Appeal to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n2) Go back to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uspto.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Patent and Trademark Office\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Berkeley appeals, the court could overrule the patent office decision in favor of Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Berkeley loses, it could go back to the patent office, where it could be required to narrow its claims, i.e., specifying that its technique is only intended to be used in bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or it could get a broad patent that still doesn't specify how to use CRISPR in eukaryotic cells. But according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nyls.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/faculty_profiles/jacob-s-sherkow/\" target=\"_blank\">Jacob Sherkow\u003c/a>, a law professor at \u003ca href=\"http://www.nyls.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">New York Law School\u003c/a>, that could lead to future legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s not going to be that strong because anyone who wants to challenge it later can say, 'that patent doesn't disclose how to use the tool in eukaryotic cells,'\" says Sherkow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the money is in altering those specific cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what's next? Only Berkeley knows; the university has said it will \"\u003ca href=\"http://news.berkeley.edu/2017/02/15/berkeley-statement-regarding-patent-boards-decision-on-crispr-cas9-gene-editing-technology/\" target=\"_blank\">carefully consider all options\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science journalists are abuzz about what this means for biotech. Here's a sampling of what they're saying:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Berkeley + Broad = Virtual Monopoly on CRISPR-Cas9\u003c/strong> (\u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/should-anyone-really-control-who-gets-to-use-crispr-1792659635\" target=\"_blank\">Gizmodo\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Why does this matter? While academic researchers can still use CRISPR for free, companies hoping to harness the gene editing tool to fight disease, solve agricultural problems, or for myriad other potential applications, may have to pay not one, but both institutions, a hefty fee. It’s a decision that has caused some to wonder whether the rights to such revolutionary technology don’t really belong to a third party: the people.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Could the Case Encourage Scientists to Be Less Honest?\u003c/strong> (\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/16/crispr-patent-decision-six-takeaways/\" target=\"_blank\">STAT\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The patent judges concluded that “the inventors themselves were uncertain” about making CRISPR work in human cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could send a terrible message to scientists, said \u003ca href=\"https://isearch.asu.edu/profile/2783639\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Robert Cook-Deegan\u003c/a> of \u003ca href=\"https://www.asu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Arizona State University\u003c/a>, an expert on legal and ethical issues surrounding biotechnology. “I hope this does not become the poster child that patent offices use to coach scientists not to be honest about uncertainties about their discoveries,” he said. “The fact that Doudna’s quotes were used by the judges mainly tells me Doudna was being honest. I hope scientists will continue to be honest and not succumb to being told they can’t say things that might undermine a broad patenting strategy.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Fogettaboutit, Companies Can Sidestep Berkeley and Broad\u003c/strong> (\u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/why-the-crispr-patent-verdict-isn-t-the-end-of-the-story-1.21510\" target=\"_blank\">Nature\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Researchers in academia and industry have been pushing CRISPR gene editing beyond the scope of the Broad and Berkeley patents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both patent families cover the use of CRISPR–Cas9, which relies on the Cas9 enzyme to cut DNA. But there are alternatives to Cas9 that provide other functions, and a way to sidestep the Berkeley–Broad patent fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One attractive alternative is Cpf1, an enzyme that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/alternative-crispr-system-could-improve-genome-editing-1.18432\" target=\"_blank\">may be simpler to use\u003c/a> and more accurate than Cas9 in some cases. The Broad has already filed patents on applications of Cpf1 in gene editing, and has licensed them to biotech company Editas Medicine in Cambridge, Massachusetts.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember, my friends, if UC Berkeley appeals, this whole process could last through 2020. Or longer.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2017/02/16/broad-institute-wins-decision-over-uc-berkeley-in-crispr-patent-battle/\" target=\"_blank\">Last week\u003c/a> the feds may have dashed \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeley.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">UC Berkeley's\u003c/a> billion-dollar dreams when it decided not to give the university patent rights over CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Feb. 15 ruling from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office let Berkeley's rival--the \u003ca href=\"https://www.broadinstitute.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Broad Institute\u003c/a> jointly owned by Harvard and MIT--keep its existing patents issued in 2014. UC Berkeley has yet to say whether or not it will appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp> Berkeley was seeking to have some of those patents repealed because the university says they conflict with its pending patent application for CRISPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The judges reasoned that Berkeley's patent request doesn't affect Broad's existing patents because the two are based on different gene editing techniques.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley's patent request is for editing genes in bacteria, whereas Broad's existing patents are for editing genes in eukaryotic cells, i.e. cells found in plants and animals, including humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Berkeley argues that its research tool can easily be extended to use in non-bacterial cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That distinction is key since potentially lucrative applications of gene editing in medicine and health will involve eukaryotic cells found in humans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>UC Berkeley biologist Jennifer Doudna, who is credited with co-inventing CRISPR-Cas9 now has two options:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>1) Appeal to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cafc.uscourts.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\n2) Go back to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.uspto.gov/\" target=\"_blank\">U.S. Patent and Trademark Office\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Berkeley appeals, the court could overrule the patent office decision in favor of Berkeley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Berkeley loses, it could go back to the patent office, where it could be required to narrow its claims, i.e., specifying that its technique is only intended to be used in bacteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or it could get a broad patent that still doesn't specify how to use CRISPR in eukaryotic cells. But according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.nyls.edu/faculty/faculty-profiles/faculty_profiles/jacob-s-sherkow/\" target=\"_blank\">Jacob Sherkow\u003c/a>, a law professor at \u003ca href=\"http://www.nyls.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">New York Law School\u003c/a>, that could lead to future legal challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s not going to be that strong because anyone who wants to challenge it later can say, 'that patent doesn't disclose how to use the tool in eukaryotic cells,'\" says Sherkow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the money is in altering those specific cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what's next? Only Berkeley knows; the university has said it will \"\u003ca href=\"http://news.berkeley.edu/2017/02/15/berkeley-statement-regarding-patent-boards-decision-on-crispr-cas9-gene-editing-technology/\" target=\"_blank\">carefully consider all options\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Science journalists are abuzz about what this means for biotech. Here's a sampling of what they're saying:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. \u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Berkeley + Broad = Virtual Monopoly on CRISPR-Cas9\u003c/strong> (\u003ca href=\"http://gizmodo.com/should-anyone-really-control-who-gets-to-use-crispr-1792659635\" target=\"_blank\">Gizmodo\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Why does this matter? While academic researchers can still use CRISPR for free, companies hoping to harness the gene editing tool to fight disease, solve agricultural problems, or for myriad other potential applications, may have to pay not one, but both institutions, a hefty fee. It’s a decision that has caused some to wonder whether the rights to such revolutionary technology don’t really belong to a third party: the people.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Could the Case Encourage Scientists to Be Less Honest?\u003c/strong> (\u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/16/crispr-patent-decision-six-takeaways/\" target=\"_blank\">STAT\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The patent judges concluded that “the inventors themselves were uncertain” about making CRISPR work in human cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could send a terrible message to scientists, said \u003ca href=\"https://isearch.asu.edu/profile/2783639\" target=\"_blank\">Dr. Robert Cook-Deegan\u003c/a> of \u003ca href=\"https://www.asu.edu/\" target=\"_blank\">Arizona State University\u003c/a>, an expert on legal and ethical issues surrounding biotechnology. “I hope this does not become the poster child that patent offices use to coach scientists not to be honest about uncertainties about their discoveries,” he said. “The fact that Doudna’s quotes were used by the judges mainly tells me Doudna was being honest. I hope scientists will continue to be honest and not succumb to being told they can’t say things that might undermine a broad patenting strategy.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. Fogettaboutit, Companies Can Sidestep Berkeley and Broad\u003c/strong> (\u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/why-the-crispr-patent-verdict-isn-t-the-end-of-the-story-1.21510\" target=\"_blank\">Nature\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Researchers in academia and industry have been pushing CRISPR gene editing beyond the scope of the Broad and Berkeley patents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both patent families cover the use of CRISPR–Cas9, which relies on the Cas9 enzyme to cut DNA. But there are alternatives to Cas9 that provide other functions, and a way to sidestep the Berkeley–Broad patent fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One attractive alternative is Cpf1, an enzyme that \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/alternative-crispr-system-could-improve-genome-editing-1.18432\" target=\"_blank\">may be simpler to use\u003c/a> and more accurate than Cas9 in some cases. The Broad has already filed patents on applications of Cpf1 in gene editing, and has licensed them to biotech company Editas Medicine in Cambridge, Massachusetts.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember, my friends, if UC Berkeley appeals, this whole process could last through 2020. Or longer.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "S.F. Agency Votes to Make 'Google Bus' Program Permanent",
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"content": "\u003cp>Corporate shuttles — you know, those behemoth buses carrying people back and forth to Apple, Facebook, Google and other Silicon Valley tech campuses — have become a prolific presence on the streets of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve been assailed by critics as \u003ca href=\"https://www.lrb.co.uk/v35/n03/rebecca-solnit/diary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a harbinger of gentrification\u003c/a> and an engine of congestion. And they’ve been embraced by car-free tech workers as a vital transportation link to Silicon Valley at a time when public transit is not a convenient option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, after a unanimous vote Tuesday by the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency board of directors, a pilot program has become permanent that sought to tame a seemingly out-of-control shuttle fleet and impose rules about what streets they can use and where they can pick up and let off passengers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote means 17 operators that shuttle nearly 10,000 workers to Silicon Valley every weekday can continue to use a network of 125 Muni bus stops and white curb zones in exchange for paying a small fee and complying with updated city regulations. SFMTA officials estimate an average of 360 to 390 shuttle buses are on the streets each weekday. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency dropped a proposal that would have created a hub system — designated locations that shuttle riders would get to using other modes of transportation, instead of buses being dispersed throughout the city. The idea was nixed because an SFMTA study found that between 24 percent and 45 percent of shuttle riders would shift to driving, causing an increase in traffic and greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Tuesday’s meeting, several tech workers testified that while they value and use public transportation, it’s not a good option for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think if everyone who currently uses a shuttle got on a Muni bus or train in the morning, that would be a pretty big influx of people and that would negatively impact not only the shuttle users, but everybody else as well,” said Anna Tchetchetkine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another tech employee, Michael Chen, said having a shuttle as a transit option has allowed him to live without a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By providing the shuttles, it means that many people who would otherwise drive or carpool to work are not taking individual cars … and reducing the burden on our overburdened public streets,” said Chen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug Bloch with the Teamsters Union praised the SFMTA’s labor harmony requirement for shuttle companies, saying it’s helped unionize many drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every day, 1,000 drivers get behind the wheels of these buses, and 500 have organized with the Teamsters and are now part of the middle class. And we can thank the MTA that has made that possible for these drivers,” Bloch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics, however, said the SFMTA needs to further study the impact shuttles have on Muni and affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This commuter shuttle program is largely an illegal corporate giveaway,” said Sue Vaughan of the Coalition for Fair, Legal and Environmental Transit. “It’s a giveaway of our public bus stops. We need those public bus stops so we can expand our own public transportation system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We find that people are not happy, contrary to what we’ve been hearing … with a program that puts 400 corporate buses on their streets daily,” said Noe Valley resident Phoebe Cutler. “The recent iteration has managed to exacerbate the chaos by concentrating it on a few streets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFMTA officials said they would work to address congestion concerns on 24th Street in Noe Valley. Some residents showed photos of the street clogged with shuttles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFMTA officials stressed the shuttle program is voluntary and that without it the situation on city streets would be much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participating companies will continue to pay for annual permits and allow the SFMTA access to GPS tracking data. Shuttle drivers will undergo safety training in order to comply with Vision Zero, the city’s program to end all traffic deaths by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/agendaitems/2017/2-21-17%20Item%2011%20Commuter%20Shuttle%20Program%20Continuation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the revised program\u003c/a>, penalties for violations would increase from $250 to $500 and could reach $1,000 for repeated violations within a 12-month period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Francesca Napolitan of the SFMTA, who manages the shuttle program, said the agency has collected more than $700,000 in shuttle fines since last April and is working on boosting enforcement by hiring more parking officers and targeting trouble spots. Overall, fines are down, a sign that enforcement is working, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josie Ahrens of Walk San Francisco, the city’s pedestrian advocacy organization, urged the SFMTA “to develop a single, clear way for the public to report dangerous behaviors by drivers.” In response, Napolitan said the agency was working with 311 on a reporting system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahrens also encouraged the SFMTA to work with shuttle companies to integrate crash prevention technologies into their vehicles and make shuttle crash data transparent to the public.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Corporate shuttles — you know, those behemoth buses carrying people back and forth to Apple, Facebook, Google and other Silicon Valley tech campuses — have become a prolific presence on the streets of San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They’ve been assailed by critics as \u003ca href=\"https://www.lrb.co.uk/v35/n03/rebecca-solnit/diary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a harbinger of gentrification\u003c/a> and an engine of congestion. And they’ve been embraced by car-free tech workers as a vital transportation link to Silicon Valley at a time when public transit is not a convenient option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, after a unanimous vote Tuesday by the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency board of directors, a pilot program has become permanent that sought to tame a seemingly out-of-control shuttle fleet and impose rules about what streets they can use and where they can pick up and let off passengers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vote means 17 operators that shuttle nearly 10,000 workers to Silicon Valley every weekday can continue to use a network of 125 Muni bus stops and white curb zones in exchange for paying a small fee and complying with updated city regulations. SFMTA officials estimate an average of 360 to 390 shuttle buses are on the streets each weekday. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency dropped a proposal that would have created a hub system — designated locations that shuttle riders would get to using other modes of transportation, instead of buses being dispersed throughout the city. The idea was nixed because an SFMTA study found that between 24 percent and 45 percent of shuttle riders would shift to driving, causing an increase in traffic and greenhouse gas emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Tuesday’s meeting, several tech workers testified that while they value and use public transportation, it’s not a good option for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think if everyone who currently uses a shuttle got on a Muni bus or train in the morning, that would be a pretty big influx of people and that would negatively impact not only the shuttle users, but everybody else as well,” said Anna Tchetchetkine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another tech employee, Michael Chen, said having a shuttle as a transit option has allowed him to live without a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By providing the shuttles, it means that many people who would otherwise drive or carpool to work are not taking individual cars … and reducing the burden on our overburdened public streets,” said Chen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Doug Bloch with the Teamsters Union praised the SFMTA’s labor harmony requirement for shuttle companies, saying it’s helped unionize many drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Every day, 1,000 drivers get behind the wheels of these buses, and 500 have organized with the Teamsters and are now part of the middle class. And we can thank the MTA that has made that possible for these drivers,” Bloch said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics, however, said the SFMTA needs to further study the impact shuttles have on Muni and affordable housing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This commuter shuttle program is largely an illegal corporate giveaway,” said Sue Vaughan of the Coalition for Fair, Legal and Environmental Transit. “It’s a giveaway of our public bus stops. We need those public bus stops so we can expand our own public transportation system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We find that people are not happy, contrary to what we’ve been hearing … with a program that puts 400 corporate buses on their streets daily,” said Noe Valley resident Phoebe Cutler. “The recent iteration has managed to exacerbate the chaos by concentrating it on a few streets.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFMTA officials said they would work to address congestion concerns on 24th Street in Noe Valley. Some residents showed photos of the street clogged with shuttles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFMTA officials stressed the shuttle program is voluntary and that without it the situation on city streets would be much worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participating companies will continue to pay for annual permits and allow the SFMTA access to GPS tracking data. Shuttle drivers will undergo safety training in order to comply with Vision Zero, the city’s program to end all traffic deaths by 2024.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfmta.com/sites/default/files/agendaitems/2017/2-21-17%20Item%2011%20Commuter%20Shuttle%20Program%20Continuation.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the revised program\u003c/a>, penalties for violations would increase from $250 to $500 and could reach $1,000 for repeated violations within a 12-month period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Francesca Napolitan of the SFMTA, who manages the shuttle program, said the agency has collected more than $700,000 in shuttle fines since last April and is working on boosting enforcement by hiring more parking officers and targeting trouble spots. Overall, fines are down, a sign that enforcement is working, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Josie Ahrens of Walk San Francisco, the city’s pedestrian advocacy organization, urged the SFMTA “to develop a single, clear way for the public to report dangerous behaviors by drivers.” In response, Napolitan said the agency was working with 311 on a reporting system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ahrens also encouraged the SFMTA to work with shuttle companies to integrate crash prevention technologies into their vehicles and make shuttle crash data transparent to the public.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Uber has hired former U.S. Attorney General \u003ca href=\"https://www.cov.com/en/professionals/h/eric-holder\">Eric Holder\u003c/a> to investigate allegations of sexual harassment and gender discrimination made by a former employee, who is a female engineer, in a public \u003ca href=\"https://www.susanjfowler.com/blog/2017/2/19/reflecting-on-one-very-strange-year-at-uber\" target=\"_blank\">blog \u003c/a>post on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber CEO Travis Kalanick told employees in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.recode.net/2017/2/21/14681428/recode-daily-uber-sexual-harassment-investigation-eric-holder\" target=\"_blank\">email \u003c/a>yesterday that Holder would lead an independent review. Arianna Huffington, who sits on Uber’s board, is also part of the investigation team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is driving me through all this is a determination that we take what’s happened as an opportunity to heal wounds of the past and set a new standard for justice in the workplace,” Kalanick wrote in the email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the latest effort by the ride-hailing company to assuage the growing anger sparked by the highly circulated blog, which was written by Susan Fowler, a former site reliability engineer at Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fowler wrote that she joined Uber in November 2015 with high expectations of working with some of the region’s most talented engineers. But disillusionment set in quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On her first official day working with her team, Fowler wrote that her manager sent her “a string of messages over company chat,” saying he “looking for women to have sex with.” Fowler took screen shots of the chats and presented them to HR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While HR acknowledged the sexual harassment incident, Fowler wrote they didn’t feel “comfortable giving him anything other than a warning and a stern talking-to” because he was a high performer at the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fowler also wrote that despite her perfect performance marks, her career advancement was blocked because of her gender. She was not allowed to transfer teams and work on different projects, which is important to an engineer's upward career trajectory. Fowler wrote that her manager blocked her transfer to keep his diversity numbers up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I overheard him boasting to the rest of the team that even though the rest of the teams were losing their women engineers left and right, he still had some on his team,” Fowler wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fowler claims that when she joined Uber, women engineers made up 25 percent of the department's workforce. When she left Uber after a year, Fowler said that number dropped to 6 percent, with women transferring out of the engineering department or leaving Uber altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his staff email, Kalanick said women make up 15 percent of Uber’s engineering, product management and scientist roles, but didn’t break out numbers for individual departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many tech companies say their lack of racial and gender diversity is because there aren’t enough qualified, diverse candidates to hire. But Fowler's story illustrates that other forces are also at work, said Jo-Ellen Pozner, an associate professor of management and ethics at Santa Clara University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem might not in fact be that there are not qualified people to hire,” Pozner said. “But rather that they are so mistreated and so uncomfortable in the workplace that it’s hard to retain them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fowler quit Uber and in January joined Stripe, another tech company. After Fowler posted her blog on Sunday, Kalanick responded quickly on Twitter, describing her account as “abhorrent and against everything we believe in.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Uber has hired former U.S. Attorney General \u003ca href=\"https://www.cov.com/en/professionals/h/eric-holder\">Eric Holder\u003c/a> to investigate allegations of sexual harassment and gender discrimination made by a former employee, who is a female engineer, in a public \u003ca href=\"https://www.susanjfowler.com/blog/2017/2/19/reflecting-on-one-very-strange-year-at-uber\" target=\"_blank\">blog \u003c/a>post on Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber CEO Travis Kalanick told employees in an \u003ca href=\"http://www.recode.net/2017/2/21/14681428/recode-daily-uber-sexual-harassment-investigation-eric-holder\" target=\"_blank\">email \u003c/a>yesterday that Holder would lead an independent review. Arianna Huffington, who sits on Uber’s board, is also part of the investigation team.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is driving me through all this is a determination that we take what’s happened as an opportunity to heal wounds of the past and set a new standard for justice in the workplace,” Kalanick wrote in the email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the latest effort by the ride-hailing company to assuage the growing anger sparked by the highly circulated blog, which was written by Susan Fowler, a former site reliability engineer at Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fowler wrote that she joined Uber in November 2015 with high expectations of working with some of the region’s most talented engineers. But disillusionment set in quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On her first official day working with her team, Fowler wrote that her manager sent her “a string of messages over company chat,” saying he “looking for women to have sex with.” Fowler took screen shots of the chats and presented them to HR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While HR acknowledged the sexual harassment incident, Fowler wrote they didn’t feel “comfortable giving him anything other than a warning and a stern talking-to” because he was a high performer at the company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fowler also wrote that despite her perfect performance marks, her career advancement was blocked because of her gender. She was not allowed to transfer teams and work on different projects, which is important to an engineer's upward career trajectory. Fowler wrote that her manager blocked her transfer to keep his diversity numbers up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I overheard him boasting to the rest of the team that even though the rest of the teams were losing their women engineers left and right, he still had some on his team,” Fowler wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fowler claims that when she joined Uber, women engineers made up 25 percent of the department's workforce. When she left Uber after a year, Fowler said that number dropped to 6 percent, with women transferring out of the engineering department or leaving Uber altogether.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his staff email, Kalanick said women make up 15 percent of Uber’s engineering, product management and scientist roles, but didn’t break out numbers for individual departments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many tech companies say their lack of racial and gender diversity is because there aren’t enough qualified, diverse candidates to hire. But Fowler's story illustrates that other forces are also at work, said Jo-Ellen Pozner, an associate professor of management and ethics at Santa Clara University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem might not in fact be that there are not qualified people to hire,” Pozner said. “But rather that they are so mistreated and so uncomfortable in the workplace that it’s hard to retain them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fowler quit Uber and in January joined Stripe, another tech company. After Fowler posted her blog on Sunday, Kalanick responded quickly on Twitter, describing her account as “abhorrent and against everything we believe in.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg is affirming his commitment to globalization at a time when that \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ideology is coming under fire in the \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">U.S. and some European countries. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our greatest opportunities are now global,” Zuckerberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/notes/mark-zuckerberg/building-global-community/10103508221158471/\">wrote in a 5,800-word post on the social network\u003c/a>. “Our greatest challenges also need global responses — like ending terrorism, fighting climate change, and preventing pandemics. Progress now requires humanity coming together not just as cities or nations, but also as a global community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg’s Thursday post doesn’t name President Trump or the rise of white nationalism and anti-immigration attitudes in the United States. In an interview with \u003ca href=\"http://www.recode.net/2017/2/16/14637928/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-manifesto-kara-swisher\">Recode\u003c/a>, he said he’d been mulling over the ideas for a while. But there’s no denying that current events were a motivator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In times like these, the most important thing we at Facebook can do is develop the social infrastructure to give people the power to build a global community that works for all of us,” Zuckerberg wrote in his post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mission of creating a global community, or “\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/news/what-does-facebooks-cult-insignia-really-signify/\">making the world more open and connected,\u003c/a>” has been Facebook’s foundation. It’s an idea that Zuckerberg noted wasn’t controversial when the social network started more than a decade ago. Of course that’s changed, with nationalism and anti-globalization sentiments on the rise in the U.S. and Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg is getting kudos for his positions — being \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.recode.net/2017/2/16/14637928/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-manifesto-kara-swisher\">woke\u003c/a>\" — and realizing the immense social power Facebook yields, especially in news. \u003ca href=\"http://www.journalism.org/2016/05/26/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2016/\">A majority of American adults get their news from Facebook\u003c/a>, according to the Pew Research Center. And Facebook has arguably been key to the success of movements like #blacklivesmatter and the recent Women’s March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zuckerberg’s post also displays the naiveté for which Silicon Valley companies routinely get slammed. That is, there’s been a magical thinking that access to information, connecting people and making consumption clickable, in and of themselves, will make the world a better place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his open letter, Zuckerberg also outlined several other current social problems that Facebook will help solve. Among them: building a supportive and civic-minded community, as well as tackling fake news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has acknowledged fake news on its platform as a problem and has partnered with fact-checkers to try to filter it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Accuracy of information is very important,” Zuckerberg wrote. “We know there is misinformation and even outright hoax content on Facebook, and we take this very seriously. We've made progress fighting hoaxes the way we fight spam, but we have more work to do.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg is affirming his commitment to globalization at a time when that \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">ideology is coming under fire in the \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">U.S. and some European countries. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our greatest opportunities are now global,” Zuckerberg \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/notes/mark-zuckerberg/building-global-community/10103508221158471/\">wrote in a 5,800-word post on the social network\u003c/a>. “Our greatest challenges also need global responses — like ending terrorism, fighting climate change, and preventing pandemics. Progress now requires humanity coming together not just as cities or nations, but also as a global community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg’s Thursday post doesn’t name President Trump or the rise of white nationalism and anti-immigration attitudes in the United States. In an interview with \u003ca href=\"http://www.recode.net/2017/2/16/14637928/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-manifesto-kara-swisher\">Recode\u003c/a>, he said he’d been mulling over the ideas for a while. But there’s no denying that current events were a motivator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In times like these, the most important thing we at Facebook can do is develop the social infrastructure to give people the power to build a global community that works for all of us,” Zuckerberg wrote in his post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mission of creating a global community, or “\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnet.com/news/what-does-facebooks-cult-insignia-really-signify/\">making the world more open and connected,\u003c/a>” has been Facebook’s foundation. It’s an idea that Zuckerberg noted wasn’t controversial when the social network started more than a decade ago. Of course that’s changed, with nationalism and anti-globalization sentiments on the rise in the U.S. and Europe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg is getting kudos for his positions — being \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.recode.net/2017/2/16/14637928/facebook-mark-zuckerberg-manifesto-kara-swisher\">woke\u003c/a>\" — and realizing the immense social power Facebook yields, especially in news. \u003ca href=\"http://www.journalism.org/2016/05/26/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2016/\">A majority of American adults get their news from Facebook\u003c/a>, according to the Pew Research Center. And Facebook has arguably been key to the success of movements like #blacklivesmatter and the recent Women’s March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zuckerberg’s post also displays the naiveté for which Silicon Valley companies routinely get slammed. That is, there’s been a magical thinking that access to information, connecting people and making consumption clickable, in and of themselves, will make the world a better place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his open letter, Zuckerberg also outlined several other current social problems that Facebook will help solve. Among them: building a supportive and civic-minded community, as well as tackling fake news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook has acknowledged fake news on its platform as a problem and has partnered with fact-checkers to try to filter it out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Accuracy of information is very important,” Zuckerberg wrote. “We know there is misinformation and even outright hoax content on Facebook, and we take this very seriously. We've made progress fighting hoaxes the way we fight spam, but we have more work to do.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Yahoo is warning some of its users that their accounts might have been breached by intruders using forged cookies, allowing them to access private information without knowing users' passwords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cookies are pieces of code stored by browsers to, among other things, keep track of whether a user is logged into a password-protected account. They're also used for innocuous functions, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.privacyrights.org/consumer-guides/online-privacy-using-internet-safely\">keeping track of online shopping cart contents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This latest warning to users stems from an ongoing investigation into previously disclosed hacking of at least 500 million user accounts in 2014. \u003ca href=\"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/02/yahoo-reveals-more-breachiness-to-users-victimized-by-forged-cookies/\">Ars Technica reported\u003c/a> that Yahoo sent emails this week to users stating that \"based on the ongoing investigation, we believe a forged cookie may have been used in 2015 or 2016 to access your account.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company first revealed the data breach in September 2016, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/22/495056961/yahoo-inc-confirms-data-from-at-least-500-million-users-was-stolen\">as The Two-Way reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, Yahoo disclosed a separate hacking incident of more than 1 billion accounts in 2013, as we \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/14/505606974/yahoo-says-hackers-stole-information-from-more-than-1-billion-accounts\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a November \u003ca href=\"https://investor.yahoo.net/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1193125-16-764376&CIK=1011006&soc_src=mail&soc_trk=ma\">regulatory filing\u003c/a>, Yahoo mentioned the possibility that in addition to hacking of security questions to access user accounts, forged cookies might have been used to steal private user information, explaining:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Forensic experts are currently investigating certain evidence and activity that indicates an intruder, believed to be the same state-sponsored actor responsible for the Security Incident, created cookies that could have enabled such intruder to bypass the need for a password to access certain users' accounts or account information.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In a December \u003ca href=\"https://investor.yahoo.net/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1193125-16-793106&CIK=1011006&soc_src=mail&soc_trk=ma\">regulatory filing\u003c/a>, the company provided further information, including that it had connected some of the forged cookies to \"the same state-sponsored actor believed to be responsible for the data theft the company disclosed on September 22, 2016.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The December filing continued:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Based on the ongoing investigation, the company believes an unauthorized third party accessed the company's proprietary code to learn how to forge cookies. The outside forensic experts have identified user accounts for which they believe forged cookies were taken or used. Yahoo is notifying the affected account holders, and has invalidated the forged cookies.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Yahoo declined to say how many user accounts had been accessed using forged cookies, but told NPR on Thursday that the company was in its final stages of its investigation into the data breach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The repeated revelations about Yahoo's account security appear to have affected a proposed deal to be acquired by Verizon. When the deal was announced in July 2016, the price tag for Yahoo was $4.8 billion, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/25/487312798/verizon-buys-yahoo-for-4-8-billion-in-cash-touting-gains-in-mobile\">as we reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, that price appeared to be dropping, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/15/business/dealbook/verizon-yahoo-merger-deal.html\">the New York Times\u003c/a>, which added:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Yahoo is close to renegotiating its original deal, choosing to take close to $300 million off the price to preserve the sale, a person with knowledge of the matter said on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Under the revised terms, the two companies are expected to share legal responsibility and costs for the data breaches, the person with knowledge of the matter said.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-15/verizon-reduces-yahoo-deal-price-by-250-million-in-revised-deal\">Bloomberg reported\u003c/a> a slightly smaller decrease in Yahoo's asking price, closer to $250 million. Both outlets said negotiations between Yahoo and Verizon were ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Yahoo is warning some of its users that their accounts might have been breached by intruders using forged cookies, allowing them to access private information without knowing users' passwords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cookies are pieces of code stored by browsers to, among other things, keep track of whether a user is logged into a password-protected account. They're also used for innocuous functions, such as \u003ca href=\"https://www.privacyrights.org/consumer-guides/online-privacy-using-internet-safely\">keeping track of online shopping cart contents\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This latest warning to users stems from an ongoing investigation into previously disclosed hacking of at least 500 million user accounts in 2014. \u003ca href=\"https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2017/02/yahoo-reveals-more-breachiness-to-users-victimized-by-forged-cookies/\">Ars Technica reported\u003c/a> that Yahoo sent emails this week to users stating that \"based on the ongoing investigation, we believe a forged cookie may have been used in 2015 or 2016 to access your account.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company first revealed the data breach in September 2016, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/22/495056961/yahoo-inc-confirms-data-from-at-least-500-million-users-was-stolen\">as The Two-Way reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In December, Yahoo disclosed a separate hacking incident of more than 1 billion accounts in 2013, as we \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/12/14/505606974/yahoo-says-hackers-stole-information-from-more-than-1-billion-accounts\">reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a November \u003ca href=\"https://investor.yahoo.net/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1193125-16-764376&CIK=1011006&soc_src=mail&soc_trk=ma\">regulatory filing\u003c/a>, Yahoo mentioned the possibility that in addition to hacking of security questions to access user accounts, forged cookies might have been used to steal private user information, explaining:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Forensic experts are currently investigating certain evidence and activity that indicates an intruder, believed to be the same state-sponsored actor responsible for the Security Incident, created cookies that could have enabled such intruder to bypass the need for a password to access certain users' accounts or account information.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In a December \u003ca href=\"https://investor.yahoo.net/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1193125-16-793106&CIK=1011006&soc_src=mail&soc_trk=ma\">regulatory filing\u003c/a>, the company provided further information, including that it had connected some of the forged cookies to \"the same state-sponsored actor believed to be responsible for the data theft the company disclosed on September 22, 2016.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The December filing continued:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Based on the ongoing investigation, the company believes an unauthorized third party accessed the company's proprietary code to learn how to forge cookies. The outside forensic experts have identified user accounts for which they believe forged cookies were taken or used. Yahoo is notifying the affected account holders, and has invalidated the forged cookies.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A spokesperson for Yahoo declined to say how many user accounts had been accessed using forged cookies, but told NPR on Thursday that the company was in its final stages of its investigation into the data breach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The repeated revelations about Yahoo's account security appear to have affected a proposed deal to be acquired by Verizon. When the deal was announced in July 2016, the price tag for Yahoo was $4.8 billion, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/25/487312798/verizon-buys-yahoo-for-4-8-billion-in-cash-touting-gains-in-mobile\">as we reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Wednesday, that price appeared to be dropping, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/15/business/dealbook/verizon-yahoo-merger-deal.html\">the New York Times\u003c/a>, which added:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Yahoo is close to renegotiating its original deal, choosing to take close to $300 million off the price to preserve the sale, a person with knowledge of the matter said on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Under the revised terms, the two companies are expected to share legal responsibility and costs for the data breaches, the person with knowledge of the matter said.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2017-02-15/verizon-reduces-yahoo-deal-price-by-250-million-in-revised-deal\">Bloomberg reported\u003c/a> a slightly smaller decrease in Yahoo's asking price, closer to $250 million. Both outlets said negotiations between Yahoo and Verizon were ongoing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Most companies that care about employee recruitment and retention try to offer the best benefit packages possible to attract top talent. In tech, an industry facing perpetual talent shortages, that often means going big.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook last week said it would yet again expand its family leave benefit package, offering employees 20 days of paid sick leave to grieve an immediate relative and 10 days to mourn an extended family member’s death. They also added three days to care for a sick child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Facebook post outlining the policy, company COO Sheryl Sandberg referenced her own bereavement in 2015 after the unexpected death of her husband, Dave Goldberg.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Amid the nightmare of Dave’s death when my kids needed me more than ever, I was grateful every day to work for a company that provides bereavement leave and flexibility,” Sandberg wrote. “I know how rare that is, and I believe strongly that it shouldn’t be.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with KQED, Sandberg said her experience helped to shape the bereavement policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, just getting out of bed is a struggle,” Sandberg told \u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em>. “And I know I’m not the only one who faced something like this. And so I think what we’re trying to do with this policy is give people time … time for themselves, time to grieve, and time to take care of the things they need to take care of for their families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook is well positioned to offer these costly benefits because the company’s business is growing so fast. Revenues in 2016 increased 54 percent over the year before, and the company has $29 billion cash on hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for other companies who aren’t so cash flush, the question is: How do you lure top-flight talent with a bottom-shelf budget? That puzzle is especially tough for nonprofits to figure out, with many repeatedly voicing concern that they’re being left behind in the Silicon Valley hiring race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandberg said she recognizes that not all companies can keep up with Facebook, but they should still try to “stretch” to offer as many benefits as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s great when companies do more,” she said. “I think it’s great when employees know that they’re valued, and I think there are a lot of ways companies can do this.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I mean, just getting out of bed is a struggle,” Sandberg told \u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em>. “And I know I’m not the only one who faced something like this. And so I think what we’re trying to do with this policy is give people time … time for themselves, time to grieve, and time to take care of the things they need to take care of for their families.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook is well positioned to offer these costly benefits because the company’s business is growing so fast. Revenues in 2016 increased 54 percent over the year before, and the company has $29 billion cash on hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for other companies who aren’t so cash flush, the question is: How do you lure top-flight talent with a bottom-shelf budget? That puzzle is especially tough for nonprofits to figure out, with many repeatedly voicing concern that they’re being left behind in the Silicon Valley hiring race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sandberg said she recognizes that not all companies can keep up with Facebook, but they should still try to “stretch” to offer as many benefits as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s great when companies do more,” she said. “I think it’s great when employees know that they’re valued, and I think there are a lot of ways companies can do this.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It was not psychiatry’s finest hour. Just over 20 years ago a psychotherapist claimed he had discovered a new mental illness, which he named Internet Abuse Disorder. He saw it all around him: people compulsively reading websites and sending email and feeling anxious if they couldn’t. Psychiatrists and laypeople alike flocked to a listserv to share their experience with this supposed affliction, and the American Psychiatric Association appointed a task force to explore whether there was sufficient evidence to support recognizing internet “abuse” as a mental disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">An existential dread engulfs some people who are cut off from the online world.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Verdict: There wasn’t then and there isn’t now. Spending hours each day online via either mobile devices or the stationary kind is not a mental illness. In fact, the original proposal, by the late Dr. Ivan Goldberg, was meant as a joke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"v1Vm2rYzINUSkLHhmrEoRc3mBkYRkZme\"]More than any other behavior that people engage in compulsively, the digital version — from checking Facebook to texting — shows that just because you’re compulsive about something doesn’t mean you have a broken brain. To the contrary. As with other compulsions that fall well short of pathology, the allure of being online sheds light on some of the mind’s most salient, and utterly normal, operations, according to the latest research. From our desire to connect to the way we respond to unpredictable rewards, our minds are wired in a way that lets digital technology sink its hooks into us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, a definition. A compulsive behavior is one that is repeated and chronic, and arises from a feeling of anxiety. Just as someone with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compulsively and repeatedly washes her hands, for instance, to alleviate the anxiety that comes from believing she is covered with germs, so mentally healthy people who behave compulsively are also driven by anxiety. (Checking one’s phone repeatedly is not considered a disorder, however, because the behavior is grounded in reality, not a delusion, and it usually doesn’t get in the way of living a normal life.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, said Moez Limayem, of the University of South Florida, who led a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/isj.12065/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">2015 study\u003c/a> on mobile use, “The underlying motivation to use a mobile phone is not pleasure,” but is instead “a response to heightened stress and anxiety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Start with the fact that many of us feel anxious if we’re not making use of every tiny slice of time. The effort required for a single online “transaction” — a click, a view, checking Instagram or Facebook — is minuscule, so much so that not texting or reading your smartphone screen feels like a greater burden than doing so. “The timescale on which you work with online technology is central to making it compelling,” said psychologist Tom Stafford of the University of Sheffield in England. “What else can you do in five seconds that’s interesting? Why not check your phone?” This is a large part of why “using the internet can be compulsive,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason we often feel anxious if we’re not using every tiny slice of time is that we find it hard—even unpleasant and anxiety-producing to be alone with our thoughts, as a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/345/6192/75\" target=\"_blank\">2014 study\u003c/a> showed. Researchers led by social psychologist Timothy Wilson of the University of Virginia gave volunteers two options: do “nothing” for 15 minutes or give themselves a small electric shock (which three-quarters had previously told the researchers they’d pay money not to experience). Two-thirds of the men and one-quarter of the women chose the latter, so anxious were they for “something to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The untutored mind does not like to be alone with itself,” Wilson concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially when the mind encounters payoffs structured like a slot machine’s. Like those one-armed bandits, the digital world offers what are called intermittent/variable rewards: An action — pulling the slot machine’s arm, checking for texts — can bring either a payoff or nothing. Most of what fills your Twitter feed or Facebook updates is digital dross. (“Barbara changed her Facebook picture!”) Payoff: zero. But every so often, you find a gem — a friend offering Bruce Springsteen tickets, an acquaintance posting a link to the morning’s must-read Trump story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I give you a treat sometimes, you have to keep checking all the time: You don’t know when it will come,” said Stafford. “No matter how frequently you check, even if you checked only a second ago, a brilliant email might have just come in. You feel anxiety about possibly missing something.” Such low-cost, occasionally high-reward activities are catnip to the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we’re prevented from compulsively checking for texts, the anxiety that the compulsive behavior alleviates comes roaring back. Psychologists have found that people who are separated from their smartphone experience an elevated heart rate and other signs of anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563215303332\" target=\"_blank\">2016 study\u003c/a>, volunteers who filled out a standard questionnaire about their smartphone use and emotions told researchers that they turn to their phones “to avoid negative experiences or feelings” and “to cope [with] or escape from feelings related to an anxiety-inducing situation.” Psychologist Alejandro Lleras, of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who led the study, described it as a security-blanket effect, absorbing our bubbling-over anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That fits with studies finding that people text as a way to escape anxiety; something like 70 percent of study participants say smartphones and texting help them overcome anxiety and other negative moods. It’s become a stereotype that people in awkward (read: anxiety-provoking) situations “turn to their mobile phones as a way to disengage,” the Illinois researchers wrote, especially “during times of more intense distress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lleras and a colleague gave volunteers a short writing assignment that, they explained (falsely), would be evaluated by two experts. To ratchet up the stress further, the researchers said the experts would also interview them about their essay. While waiting for that, half the volunteers had access to their mobile phones and half didn’t. Among those who were able to text and surf to their anxiety-ridden-heart’s content, half felt intense anxiety. In comparison, three-quarters of those who were deprived of their phones did, the researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By giving in to a compulsion to use their phone, many of the study volunteers were able to defuse much of their anxiety. “People seem to be less vulnerable to becoming stressed in anxiety-provoking situations when they have access” to their mobile phone, the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not only being deprived of those variable-interval rewards that makes ditching their smartphone unthinkable for many people. Because it has become our main connection to other people and the world at large, the anxiety that comes from not being able to check it arises, too, from the feeling of missing something, as if everyone else is plugged in, connected, on top of things, and you aren’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who feel, if I’m not there, if I’m not on that site, I’m missing something — something about my friends, or my health, or anything else,” said psychiatrist Dr. David Reiss, who practices in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The internet exploits this FOMO, or fear of missing out. Being disconnected is synonymous with missing out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By making us feel we are always connected to the world, smartphones also alleviate the anxiety that otherwise floods into us from feeling alone and untethered. A character in the 2014 New York City production of Laura Eason’s play “Sex with Strangers,” learning there’s no cellphone service at a bed-and-breakfast, says, “People will think I’m dead.” People don’t like feeling dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://withoutmedia.wordpress.com/\" target=\"_blank\">2010 study\u003c/a> by the International Center for Media and the Public Agenda at the University of Maryland showed how profound an existential dread engulfs people cut off from the online world. The researchers asked 200 students to abstain from using their phones and computers (and all other media) for 24 hours. Describing their experience, the students said they felt disconnected and anxious that they were missing out on something, using terms evoking compulsion: \u003cem>Frantically craving. Very anxious. Extremely antsy. Miserable. Jittery. Crazy.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth reading some of their comments:“Texting and IM’ing my friends gives me a constant feeling of comfort … the fact that I was not able to communicate with anyone via technology was almost unbearable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel so disconnected from all the people who I think are calling me, but really they aren’t half the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t take it anymore being in my room … alone … with nothing to occupy my mind so I gave up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if we do miss out? If we’re not connected? If existence is defined these days by an online presence, then not being online is not to exist. Human history knows no greater motivation for action than the existential one of raging against the dying of the light. When we are not online, when we are not connected, when we miss out, we do not exist, and that causes the most unbearable and existential anxiety there is.That is how we should understand the digital compulsion: not as a pathology, but as the result of the online world’s ability to tap into something deep in the human psyche and make many of us digital casualties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/08/social-media-compulsion-mental-illness/\" target=\"_blank\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>It has been adapted from Sharon Begley’s book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Cant-Just-Stop-Investigation-Compulsions/dp/1476725829\">Can’t. Just. Stop\u003c/a>.: An Investigation of Compulsions,” published by Simon & Schuster on Feb. 7.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sharon Begley can be reached at \u003ca href=\"mailto:sharon.begley@statnews.com\">sharon.begley@statnews.com\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow Sharon on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sxbegle\" target=\"_blank\">@sxbegle\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It was not psychiatry’s finest hour. Just over 20 years ago a psychotherapist claimed he had discovered a new mental illness, which he named Internet Abuse Disorder. He saw it all around him: people compulsively reading websites and sending email and feeling anxious if they couldn’t. Psychiatrists and laypeople alike flocked to a listserv to share their experience with this supposed affliction, and the American Psychiatric Association appointed a task force to explore whether there was sufficient evidence to support recognizing internet “abuse” as a mental disorder.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">An existential dread engulfs some people who are cut off from the online world.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Verdict: There wasn’t then and there isn’t now. Spending hours each day online via either mobile devices or the stationary kind is not a mental illness. In fact, the original proposal, by the late Dr. Ivan Goldberg, was meant as a joke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>More than any other behavior that people engage in compulsively, the digital version — from checking Facebook to texting — shows that just because you’re compulsive about something doesn’t mean you have a broken brain. To the contrary. As with other compulsions that fall well short of pathology, the allure of being online sheds light on some of the mind’s most salient, and utterly normal, operations, according to the latest research. From our desire to connect to the way we respond to unpredictable rewards, our minds are wired in a way that lets digital technology sink its hooks into us.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, a definition. A compulsive behavior is one that is repeated and chronic, and arises from a feeling of anxiety. Just as someone with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) compulsively and repeatedly washes her hands, for instance, to alleviate the anxiety that comes from believing she is covered with germs, so mentally healthy people who behave compulsively are also driven by anxiety. (Checking one’s phone repeatedly is not considered a disorder, however, because the behavior is grounded in reality, not a delusion, and it usually doesn’t get in the way of living a normal life.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often, said Moez Limayem, of the University of South Florida, who led a \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/isj.12065/abstract\" target=\"_blank\">2015 study\u003c/a> on mobile use, “The underlying motivation to use a mobile phone is not pleasure,” but is instead “a response to heightened stress and anxiety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Start with the fact that many of us feel anxious if we’re not making use of every tiny slice of time. The effort required for a single online “transaction” — a click, a view, checking Instagram or Facebook — is minuscule, so much so that not texting or reading your smartphone screen feels like a greater burden than doing so. “The timescale on which you work with online technology is central to making it compelling,” said psychologist Tom Stafford of the University of Sheffield in England. “What else can you do in five seconds that’s interesting? Why not check your phone?” This is a large part of why “using the internet can be compulsive,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason we often feel anxious if we’re not using every tiny slice of time is that we find it hard—even unpleasant and anxiety-producing to be alone with our thoughts, as a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/345/6192/75\" target=\"_blank\">2014 study\u003c/a> showed. Researchers led by social psychologist Timothy Wilson of the University of Virginia gave volunteers two options: do “nothing” for 15 minutes or give themselves a small electric shock (which three-quarters had previously told the researchers they’d pay money not to experience). Two-thirds of the men and one-quarter of the women chose the latter, so anxious were they for “something to do.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The untutored mind does not like to be alone with itself,” Wilson concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Especially when the mind encounters payoffs structured like a slot machine’s. Like those one-armed bandits, the digital world offers what are called intermittent/variable rewards: An action — pulling the slot machine’s arm, checking for texts — can bring either a payoff or nothing. Most of what fills your Twitter feed or Facebook updates is digital dross. (“Barbara changed her Facebook picture!”) Payoff: zero. But every so often, you find a gem — a friend offering Bruce Springsteen tickets, an acquaintance posting a link to the morning’s must-read Trump story.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If I give you a treat sometimes, you have to keep checking all the time: You don’t know when it will come,” said Stafford. “No matter how frequently you check, even if you checked only a second ago, a brilliant email might have just come in. You feel anxiety about possibly missing something.” Such low-cost, occasionally high-reward activities are catnip to the brain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If we’re prevented from compulsively checking for texts, the anxiety that the compulsive behavior alleviates comes roaring back. Psychologists have found that people who are separated from their smartphone experience an elevated heart rate and other signs of anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one \u003ca href=\"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0747563215303332\" target=\"_blank\">2016 study\u003c/a>, volunteers who filled out a standard questionnaire about their smartphone use and emotions told researchers that they turn to their phones “to avoid negative experiences or feelings” and “to cope [with] or escape from feelings related to an anxiety-inducing situation.” Psychologist Alejandro Lleras, of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, who led the study, described it as a security-blanket effect, absorbing our bubbling-over anxiety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That fits with studies finding that people text as a way to escape anxiety; something like 70 percent of study participants say smartphones and texting help them overcome anxiety and other negative moods. It’s become a stereotype that people in awkward (read: anxiety-provoking) situations “turn to their mobile phones as a way to disengage,” the Illinois researchers wrote, especially “during times of more intense distress.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lleras and a colleague gave volunteers a short writing assignment that, they explained (falsely), would be evaluated by two experts. To ratchet up the stress further, the researchers said the experts would also interview them about their essay. While waiting for that, half the volunteers had access to their mobile phones and half didn’t. Among those who were able to text and surf to their anxiety-ridden-heart’s content, half felt intense anxiety. In comparison, three-quarters of those who were deprived of their phones did, the researchers reported.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By giving in to a compulsion to use their phone, many of the study volunteers were able to defuse much of their anxiety. “People seem to be less vulnerable to becoming stressed in anxiety-provoking situations when they have access” to their mobile phone, the researchers wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not only being deprived of those variable-interval rewards that makes ditching their smartphone unthinkable for many people. Because it has become our main connection to other people and the world at large, the anxiety that comes from not being able to check it arises, too, from the feeling of missing something, as if everyone else is plugged in, connected, on top of things, and you aren’t.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are people who feel, if I’m not there, if I’m not on that site, I’m missing something — something about my friends, or my health, or anything else,” said psychiatrist Dr. David Reiss, who practices in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The internet exploits this FOMO, or fear of missing out. Being disconnected is synonymous with missing out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By making us feel we are always connected to the world, smartphones also alleviate the anxiety that otherwise floods into us from feeling alone and untethered. A character in the 2014 New York City production of Laura Eason’s play “Sex with Strangers,” learning there’s no cellphone service at a bed-and-breakfast, says, “People will think I’m dead.” People don’t like feeling dead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://withoutmedia.wordpress.com/\" target=\"_blank\">2010 study\u003c/a> by the International Center for Media and the Public Agenda at the University of Maryland showed how profound an existential dread engulfs people cut off from the online world. The researchers asked 200 students to abstain from using their phones and computers (and all other media) for 24 hours. Describing their experience, the students said they felt disconnected and anxious that they were missing out on something, using terms evoking compulsion: \u003cem>Frantically craving. Very anxious. Extremely antsy. Miserable. Jittery. Crazy.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s worth reading some of their comments:“Texting and IM’ing my friends gives me a constant feeling of comfort … the fact that I was not able to communicate with anyone via technology was almost unbearable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel so disconnected from all the people who I think are calling me, but really they aren’t half the time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I couldn’t take it anymore being in my room … alone … with nothing to occupy my mind so I gave up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if we do miss out? If we’re not connected? If existence is defined these days by an online presence, then not being online is not to exist. Human history knows no greater motivation for action than the existential one of raging against the dying of the light. When we are not online, when we are not connected, when we miss out, we do not exist, and that causes the most unbearable and existential anxiety there is.That is how we should understand the digital compulsion: not as a pathology, but as the result of the online world’s ability to tap into something deep in the human psyche and make many of us digital casualties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was originally published by \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/08/social-media-compulsion-mental-illness/\" target=\"_blank\">STAT\u003c/a>, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>It has been adapted from Sharon Begley’s book “\u003ca href=\"https://www.amazon.com/Cant-Just-Stop-Investigation-Compulsions/dp/1476725829\">Can’t. Just. Stop\u003c/a>.: An Investigation of Compulsions,” published by Simon & Schuster on Feb. 7.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Sharon Begley can be reached at \u003ca href=\"mailto:sharon.begley@statnews.com\">sharon.begley@statnews.com\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Follow Sharon on Twitter \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/sxbegle\" target=\"_blank\">@sxbegle\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Understanding Silicon Valley's Newfound Activism",
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"content": "\u003cp>Silicon Valley may want to change the world, but traditionally it has stayed out of the realm of politics to do it. So how to explain the sudden explosion of political protest against President Trump’s Jan. 27 executive order on immigration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.crunchbase.com/person/tony-xu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tony Xu\u003c/a>’s metamorphosis provides one answer. Xu is the co-founder of the food delivery startup DoorDash, which is one of the tech companies that signed onto the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/02/06/97-companies-immigration-amicus-brief-trump-tech-google-apple-facebook/97561452/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">immigration amicus brief\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am usually not politically involved,” Xu said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/306934888\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the executive order touched a nerve. Xu immigrated from China to the U.S. when he was 5, and his family lived on food stamps when they first arrived. Today, DoorDash is valued at about $700 million, and employs hundreds of employees and tens of thousands of contractors across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, the typical immigrant story,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also a typical Silicon Valley story. From the Hungarian-born Andy Grove, who went on to be a founder of Intel, to Soviet-born Sergey Brin at Google and \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattletimes.com/business/technology/expedia-ceo-says-trump-visa-order-shows-the-worst-of-his-proclivity-toward-rash-action/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dara Khosrowshahi\u003c/a>, the Iranian-born American citizen who is the CEO of Expedia, immigrants have been integral to the tech industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The special sauce in Silicon Valley has always been this amalgamation of people from different backgrounds and different skill sets,” Xu said. “It’s best that we can congregate as much of that in Silicon Valley to solve the next set of problems. If we stop the flood of talent, that’s not going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s executive order isn’t \u003cem>really\u003c/em> stopping that flood of talent. The number of tech workers from the seven countries named in the immigration ban represent a very small portion of the tech workforce. In a leaked email, Google CEO Sundar Pichai said \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/28/google-ceo-sundar-pichai-fears-impact-of-trump-immigration-order-recalls-staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a minimum of 187 Google employees\u003c/a> were affected. Google employs about 60,000 people around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the relatively small numbers affected by the executive order, the protests and general outrage on Twitter among tech workers seems disproportionate. So what gives?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While exact numbers are difficult to come by, \u003ca href=\"http://www.jointventure.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Joint Venture Silicon Valley\u003c/a> estimates that roughly 30 percent of tech workers are foreign-born noncitizens, in the U.S. on green cards and various visas. And the executive order, coupled with Trump’s divisive rhetoric against immigrants during the campaign, are being interpreted by this workforce as an attack on immigration writ large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have this era of uncertainty where people are unsure and all they can think about, appropriately, is their immigration process,” said Romish Badani, co-founder and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.bridge.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bridge US\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based company that helps other firms with the immigration process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s very little productive work that probably got done last week for a foreign national, whether you’re an entrepreneur or you’re an employee of a company,” Badani said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decline in productivity was on view at Google’s Mountain View campus last week. Hundreds of employees stopped work to hold a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/31/google-employees-protest-trumps-immigration-ban/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">protest \u003c/a>against the executive order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the protest, it was clear that the messy rollout of the executive order created panic. Tech workers with green cards weren’t sure if they could enter the country. At one point it appeared the Trump administration reserved the right to revoke visas that were already granted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soufi Esmaeilzadeh, a product manager at Google, got caught up in this chaos. She’s a Canadian citizen who was born in Iran and is in the U.S. on a green card. The Friday the executive order was issued, Esmaeilzadeh was in Switzerland on a business trip. She called Google to ask if she should come home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esmaeilzadeh read from the company's emailed response to her, as she stood before the gathering of protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I highly recommend that you do not return to the states right now,” she read. \"And that we figure out a short-, medium- and long-term plan about where we can place you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esmaeilzadeh asked the company what would happen if she tried to return to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google answered that “the likelihood was very high that I would either be deported or turned away or put on the next flight to Canada or back to Europe,” Esmaeilzadeh said. “Either of those situations could be put into my record and cause problems for me in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a judge in Seattle put a hold on the ban, Esmaeilzadeh said Google told her to rush back home. But the scenario raises many questions. If you’re Google, do you stop sending some noncitizens on business trips for fear another order might come down? How do you recruit and plan in the face of such uncertainty?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Tippett’s answer: move to Canada. Tippett is with \u003ca href=\"https://true-north-ventures.myshopify.com/pages/about-true-north\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">True North\u003c/a>, a company that is helping American tech companies with foreign workers set up subsidiaries in Vancouver. He says Canada has friendlier immigration policies when it comes to tech workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the eventual outcome of this could be that you get an exodus of incredibly talented world-class experts who have been brought to Silicon Valley,” Tippett said. But they may “find themselves wanting to find a second home and Vancouver might be that place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So does this mean Vancouver is the new Silicon Valley?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not by a long shot, say venture capitalists. While Silicon Valley is feeling uncertain about what lies ahead, the fact remains that the venture money and big companies are established in the San Francisco Bay Area. And a few defections aren't going to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://60db.co/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">60dB\u003c/a> is a personalized radio app where you can hear Liz Gannes' work and more.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of our ongoing series on Techquity: Diversity, Inclusion and Equity in Silicon Valley. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Silicon Valley may want to change the world, but traditionally it has stayed out of the realm of politics to do it. So how to explain the sudden explosion of political protest against President Trump’s Jan. 27 executive order on immigration?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.crunchbase.com/person/tony-xu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tony Xu\u003c/a>’s metamorphosis provides one answer. Xu is the co-founder of the food delivery startup DoorDash, which is one of the tech companies that signed onto the \u003ca href=\"http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/02/06/97-companies-immigration-amicus-brief-trump-tech-google-apple-facebook/97561452/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">immigration amicus brief\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I am usually not politically involved,” Xu said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/306934888&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/306934888'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the executive order touched a nerve. Xu immigrated from China to the U.S. when he was 5, and his family lived on food stamps when they first arrived. Today, DoorDash is valued at about $700 million, and employs hundreds of employees and tens of thousands of contractors across the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You know, the typical immigrant story,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s also a typical Silicon Valley story. From the Hungarian-born Andy Grove, who went on to be a founder of Intel, to Soviet-born Sergey Brin at Google and \u003ca href=\"http://www.seattletimes.com/business/technology/expedia-ceo-says-trump-visa-order-shows-the-worst-of-his-proclivity-toward-rash-action/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Dara Khosrowshahi\u003c/a>, the Iranian-born American citizen who is the CEO of Expedia, immigrants have been integral to the tech industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The special sauce in Silicon Valley has always been this amalgamation of people from different backgrounds and different skill sets,” Xu said. “It’s best that we can congregate as much of that in Silicon Valley to solve the next set of problems. If we stop the flood of talent, that’s not going to happen.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump’s executive order isn’t \u003cem>really\u003c/em> stopping that flood of talent. The number of tech workers from the seven countries named in the immigration ban represent a very small portion of the tech workforce. In a leaked email, Google CEO Sundar Pichai said \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2017/01/28/google-ceo-sundar-pichai-fears-impact-of-trump-immigration-order-recalls-staff/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a minimum of 187 Google employees\u003c/a> were affected. Google employs about 60,000 people around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given the relatively small numbers affected by the executive order, the protests and general outrage on Twitter among tech workers seems disproportionate. So what gives?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While exact numbers are difficult to come by, \u003ca href=\"http://www.jointventure.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Joint Venture Silicon Valley\u003c/a> estimates that roughly 30 percent of tech workers are foreign-born noncitizens, in the U.S. on green cards and various visas. And the executive order, coupled with Trump’s divisive rhetoric against immigrants during the campaign, are being interpreted by this workforce as an attack on immigration writ large.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have this era of uncertainty where people are unsure and all they can think about, appropriately, is their immigration process,” said Romish Badani, co-founder and CEO of \u003ca href=\"https://www.bridge.us/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bridge US\u003c/a>, a San Francisco-based company that helps other firms with the immigration process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s very little productive work that probably got done last week for a foreign national, whether you’re an entrepreneur or you’re an employee of a company,” Badani said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That decline in productivity was on view at Google’s Mountain View campus last week. Hundreds of employees stopped work to hold a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/01/31/google-employees-protest-trumps-immigration-ban/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">protest \u003c/a>against the executive order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the protest, it was clear that the messy rollout of the executive order created panic. Tech workers with green cards weren’t sure if they could enter the country. At one point it appeared the Trump administration reserved the right to revoke visas that were already granted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Soufi Esmaeilzadeh, a product manager at Google, got caught up in this chaos. She’s a Canadian citizen who was born in Iran and is in the U.S. on a green card. The Friday the executive order was issued, Esmaeilzadeh was in Switzerland on a business trip. She called Google to ask if she should come home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esmaeilzadeh read from the company's emailed response to her, as she stood before the gathering of protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I highly recommend that you do not return to the states right now,” she read. \"And that we figure out a short-, medium- and long-term plan about where we can place you.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Esmaeilzadeh asked the company what would happen if she tried to return to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Google answered that “the likelihood was very high that I would either be deported or turned away or put on the next flight to Canada or back to Europe,” Esmaeilzadeh said. “Either of those situations could be put into my record and cause problems for me in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a judge in Seattle put a hold on the ban, Esmaeilzadeh said Google told her to rush back home. But the scenario raises many questions. If you’re Google, do you stop sending some noncitizens on business trips for fear another order might come down? How do you recruit and plan in the face of such uncertainty?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Tippett’s answer: move to Canada. Tippett is with \u003ca href=\"https://true-north-ventures.myshopify.com/pages/about-true-north\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">True North\u003c/a>, a company that is helping American tech companies with foreign workers set up subsidiaries in Vancouver. He says Canada has friendlier immigration policies when it comes to tech workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the eventual outcome of this could be that you get an exodus of incredibly talented world-class experts who have been brought to Silicon Valley,” Tippett said. But they may “find themselves wanting to find a second home and Vancouver might be that place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So does this mean Vancouver is the new Silicon Valley?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Not by a long shot, say venture capitalists. While Silicon Valley is feeling uncertain about what lies ahead, the fact remains that the venture money and big companies are established in the San Francisco Bay Area. And a few defections aren't going to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://60db.co/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">60dB\u003c/a> is a personalized radio app where you can hear Liz Gannes' work and more.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story is part of our ongoing series on Techquity: Diversity, Inclusion and Equity in Silicon Valley. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "What Big Tech's Quarterly Reports Say About the Future of Music",
"headTitle": "What Big Tech’s Quarterly Reports Say About the Future of Music | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>Our relationships with and access to music lie between rocks and hard places; the rocks that own it, the hard places that distribute it to us. Those relationships are constantly evolving, and to figure out what might come next, we’ve combed through the recent earnings statements of some of the largest record labels and tech companies to reveal how they’re preparing for 2017 and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musicians and labels have had to adjust to a world where they hold less control, because of the ways we listen now. Where once music distribution centered mostly around record stores, or radio disc jockeys — with whom musicians and labels typically had more symbiotic relationships — they’re now forced to work with companies like Apple, Facebook and Google — for whom music is a cherry, not the sundae — and streaming companies like Spotify, who now hold sway over huge portions of their bank statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003c/em>These tech companies will also control distribution channels that have yet to manifest — like virtual and augmented reality technologies, as well as “high resolution” music, which was mentioned on Warner Music’s earnings call Wednesday and which another major label source told NPR last week is a major priority in this year, and years, to come. (These companies are barred from collusion, but often reach the same conclusions at similar times.) Where tech has the platform, labels — for better and worse — have the content tech needs to make those platforms rich, emotionally and otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consolidation is expected this year in the streaming industry, as presaged by Sprint’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/23/business/media/tidal-streaming-music-jayz-sprint.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent purchase\u003c/a> of a third of Tidal, the streaming service that Jay Z purchased in 2015 for $56 million. Pandora also has been tipped as an acquisition target by SiriusXM, though Pandora seems keen to see how its forthcoming Spotify competitor, \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7604144/pandora-premium-reveal-spotify-competitor-streaming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pandora Premium\u003c/a>, fares before any organizational capitulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Record companies want as many outlets (think Spotify, or the app \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/musical.ly-your-video-social/id835599320?mt=8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Music.ally\u003c/a>) as possible using their music, in part to avoid the market domination that Apple had with the iTunes Store starting in 2004, and in part to keep pricing for their music catalogs competitive. However, tech companies have their own leverage, in the form of billions of “captive” users. The hands wash each other and the tendrils of industry are labyrinthine. (This very long, very dense piece \u003ca href=\"http://www.yalelawjournal.org/article/amazons-antitrust-paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on antitrust and Amazon\u003c/a> from \u003cem>The Yale Law Journal\u003c/em> is a fascinating breakdown not just of Amazon, but of the many problems facing tech’s primacy, regulation and the laws around it.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past week, the companies below have either shared their most recent financial statements (except for Snap Inc., which filed a comprehensive internal breakdown ahead of its $18 billion IPO). These statements (along with tech’s activity over the past year and conversations we’ve had with them) give us a look at the proverbial tea leaves and where we fall between the hard place and the rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>SPOTIFY\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12744698\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg looks on a Peruvian President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski demos a virtual reality headse\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12744698\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-1920x1439.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-960x719.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg looks on a Peruvian President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski demos a virtual reality headse \u003ccite>(Photo: Pablo Parciuncula/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The financials of the world’s most-used streaming service are a notoriously elusive commodity — the company files in the spring, in Luxembourg, in French, and makes it a point not to announce them — but two things over the past day alone and one as-yet-unannounced move indicate where the company’s head is at. Last things first, its partnership with AccuWeather, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/accuweather-spotify-launch-climatune-to-produce-playlists-customized-to-weather/70000786\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yielded a study on how weather affects listening patterns\u003c/a>. Next, two as-yet-unannounced podcasts exclusive to the service, one on music supervision (the work of selecting and licensing songs for television and movies) and the other about hip-hop record executive Chris Lighty. Finally, and most importantly, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.niemanlab.org/2017/02/with-its-new-spotify-bundle-the-new-york-times-is-chasing-a-new-younger-base-of-subscribers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deal it announced Wednesday with the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, where new digital subscribers will receive a year of Spotify Premium for free\u003cem>\u003c/em>. Taken together, along with past initiatives like its \u003ca href=\"http://www.tiestoblog.com/spotify-album-burn-by-tiesto/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“elastic” running songs\u003c/a>, show the market leader intends to keep pushing the envelope with data — but not with exclusive music content, as founder Daniel Ek has made clear. (Just podcasts, apparently.)\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>APPLE\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>Last year, Apple Music banked heavily on releases exclusive to it, including Frank Ocean’s highly anticipated \u003cem>Blonde\u003c/em>. However, likely due to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/business/media/frank-oceans-blonde-amplifies-discord-in-the-music-business.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inspired bit of contractual gymnastics\u003c/a> on Ocean’s part, exclusives were subsequently \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/aug/23/universal-streaming-exclusives-frank-ocean-release\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">banned\u003c/a> by Universal Music CEO Lucian Grainge. Despite that, Apple executives \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7604098/apple-music-20-million-subscribers-eddy-cue-zane-lowe-interview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">described\u003c/a> platform-specific exclusives like \u003cem>Blonde \u003c/em>as working “really well for everybody concerned — they’re great for the label, they work for the artist and for us.” To that end, it announced that Apple would be the home for \u003cem>Carpool Karaoke\u003c/em>, a massively successful segment that started on \u003cem>The Late Late Show With James Corden\u003c/em>. (Adele’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nck6BZga7TQ\">turn\u003c/a> has been viewed 145 million times as of this writing.) This will also, serendipitously, benefit Apple TV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple’s streaming service, Apple Music, has emerged as Spotify’s primary competitor, but from the outside is financially inextricable from other business segments of the Cupertino tech giant; Apple Music’s reports are bundled with other “services,” like its consumer insurance product AppleCare and Apple Pay. Regardless, it is a success, at least culturally. Apple Music now claims to have \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7604098/apple-music-20-million-subscribers-eddy-cue-zane-lowe-interview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20 million subscribers\u003c/a> since launching in June 2015. Its “services” arm \u003ca href=\"http://www.apple.com/newsroom/2017/01/apple-reports-record-first-quarter-results.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was up\u003c/a> 22 percent between 2015 and 2016, from $19.9 billion to $24.34 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>FACEBOOK\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>As anyone who has seen the traffic report from any digital publisher of articles knows, Facebook’s dominance of media distribution on the web is near total. As such, even small moves make big waves. And, while “music” wasn’t mentioned once in last week’s \u003ca href=\"https://investor.fb.com/investor-events/event-details/2017/Facebook-Q4-2016-Earnings/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earnings call\u003c/a>, the hiring of Tamara Hrivnak \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2017/01/30/512445669/with-new-hire-facebook-looks-to-strengthen-its-relationship-to-music\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">last week\u003c/a> to lead, as she posted on Faceook, “global music strategy and business development,” is a crystal clear indication that it will no longer sit on the sidelines when it comes to music. As \u003ca href=\"http://www.recode.net/2017/1/17/14269406/facebook-live-video-deals-paid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Recode\u003c/em> reported\u003c/a>, Facebook plans to focus more on “high-quality” video. It wouldn’t be shocking to see the company partner with video companies (like the music-focused Vevo, for instance) and music rights holders to host longer-form series, like Apple is doing with \u003cem>Carpool Karaoke\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>GOOGLE\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>YouTube is the world’s largest streaming service, by consumption, but remains the black sheep among those services for what the recording business says are lower-than-fair values for their work on it. A source with knowledge of the negotiations described them as routine, despite unrelenting attacks on it last year from various industry stakeholders over a perceived “value gap” between what YouTube pays for music streams versus what music services like Spotify (sometimes referred to as “pure-play” services) return to the recording industry. As a source pointed out to NPR last week, that value gap has been increasing as more people consume more music on the site. YouTube \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7525695/lyor-cohen-named-youtube-global-head-of-music\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">brought on\u003c/a> veteran label executive Lyor Cohen in early December as its global Head of Music.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>AMAZON\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12744699\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Shaquille O'Neal laughs as he tries a pair of Snapchat Spectacles during CES on January 5, 2017 in Las Vegas, Nv.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12744699\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shaquille O’Neal laughs as he tries a pair of Snapchat Spectacles during CES on January 5, 2017 in Las Vegas, Nv. \u003ccite>(Photo: Ethan Miller/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the success of Echo and the ease of use between it and the company’s own streaming service, Music Unlimited, as well as Amazon’s variegated entertainment investments, Jeff Bezos’ e-commerce giant will continue to aggressively expand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company launched Amazon Music Unlimited last October, a “full catalog” service aimed at music fans less casual than those wooed by Amazon Prime Music — Prime has a catalog of two million songs, whereas Unlimited includes “tens of millions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prime members engaged with the Prime digital benefits at a voracious rate, more than doubling the number of video, music, and reading activities compared to 2015,” Amazon writes in its \u003ca href=\"http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664&p=irol-reportsother\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fourth-quarter earnings\u003c/a>, released Feb. 2. The company has had an impressive year with its cultural work, winning two Golden Globes and drawing seven Academy Awards nominations, including a Best Picture nod for \u003cem>Manchester By The Sea\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>WARNER MUSIC GROUP\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>In its earnings call on Feb. 7 Warner Music — which is owned by Len Blavatnik’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.accessindustries.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Access Industries\u003c/a> — says it made $1 billion from streaming in 2016 (\u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7603792/youtube-1-billion-paid-recording-industry-advertising-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as much\u003c/a> as YouTube paid the industry worldwide that year), and pointed to new music from Bruno Mars and Ed Sheeran as key to its revenues in the coming year. It also cited, as mentioned above, virtual and augmented reality and high-resolution music as promising new sources of revenue over the coming year and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warner Music reports it made 8.1 percent more from records than it did over the same period in 2015, with $917 million in total revenue, $311 million of which came from streaming services.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>SONY CORP.\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>Sony Corp., which owns both major label Sony Music (home of Adele and Beyoncé, among many many others) and Sony/ATV, the world’s largest music publishing company (responsible for administering and exploiting compositions, which are legally separate from the sound recordings that record labels, like Sony Music, sell) reported sales down slightly in its third quarter, to $1.49 billion. That the company is about to get a new CEO — Rob Stringer, who is moving up from the reins of Columbia — after many years of being run by a legacy executive will no doubt bring fundamental change to the company. Sony Music’s recorded music revenue dropped 12.8 percent between 2015 and 2016, to $990 million. Of that, $364 million was generated by streaming services. Sony’s music operations were helped this past quarter not by music sales but rather thanks to a video game, \u003cem>Fate/Grand Order\u003c/em>. (That the company folded animation and mobile video games into music is a little strange, and seems to do little more than obfuscate the health of its music operations.)\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>SNAP INC.\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>While the relationship between an amorphous social platform like Snapchat and music may seem tangential, a tech company worth tens of billions and that holds the attention of 150 million young eyes daily, and with a nascent hardware business to boot, will inevitably interact with music, as any youth-oriented concern must. (In fact, founder Evan Spiegel, as the hack of Sony Corp. revealed, had \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6406613/sony-leaks-snapchat-record-label-vevo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expressed interest\u003c/a> in starting his own record label.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1564408/000119312517029199/d270216ds1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">118,000-word filing\u003c/a> with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Snap Inc., the recently formed parent company of social media platform Snapchat, explained itself — even its famously inscrutable app — ahead of an initial public offering. Notably, it writes that “Snap Inc. is a camera company,” and defines Snapchat itself as a “camera application.” (The only camera it has released for sale are a pair of well-reviewed “Spectacles,” released surreptitiously in vending machines in Los Angeles and New York.) It is, of course, more than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cost of revenue, which includes licensing deals for content from publishers like BuzzFeed as well as failed content partnerships like the one \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6642187/snapchat-discover-warner-music-yahoo-iheartradio-buzzfeed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">it cancelled\u003c/a> with Warner Music Group, was about $451 million in 2016. The company as a whole posted a net loss last year of $514 million. Spiegel stands to make $3.7 billion from his 227 million shares once the company goes public — plenty of money to play with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(And, not for nothing, the former CEO of Sony Entertainment, parent of Sony Music, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/business/media/sony-michael-lynton-to-step-down.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">now the chairman\u003c/a> of Snap Inc.’s board.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+Big+Tech%27s+Quarterly+Reports+Say+About+The+Future+Of+Music&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The past week brought a slew of high-level financial filings from tech and music companies — from which we read the tea leaves.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Our relationships with and access to music lie between rocks and hard places; the rocks that own it, the hard places that distribute it to us. Those relationships are constantly evolving, and to figure out what might come next, we’ve combed through the recent earnings statements of some of the largest record labels and tech companies to reveal how they’re preparing for 2017 and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musicians and labels have had to adjust to a world where they hold less control, because of the ways we listen now. Where once music distribution centered mostly around record stores, or radio disc jockeys — with whom musicians and labels typically had more symbiotic relationships — they’re now forced to work with companies like Apple, Facebook and Google — for whom music is a cherry, not the sundae — and streaming companies like Spotify, who now hold sway over huge portions of their bank statements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003c/em>These tech companies will also control distribution channels that have yet to manifest — like virtual and augmented reality technologies, as well as “high resolution” music, which was mentioned on Warner Music’s earnings call Wednesday and which another major label source told NPR last week is a major priority in this year, and years, to come. (These companies are barred from collusion, but often reach the same conclusions at similar times.) Where tech has the platform, labels — for better and worse — have the content tech needs to make those platforms rich, emotionally and otherwise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consolidation is expected this year in the streaming industry, as presaged by Sprint’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/23/business/media/tidal-streaming-music-jayz-sprint.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recent purchase\u003c/a> of a third of Tidal, the streaming service that Jay Z purchased in 2015 for $56 million. Pandora also has been tipped as an acquisition target by SiriusXM, though Pandora seems keen to see how its forthcoming Spotify competitor, \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/7604144/pandora-premium-reveal-spotify-competitor-streaming\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pandora Premium\u003c/a>, fares before any organizational capitulation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Record companies want as many outlets (think Spotify, or the app \u003ca href=\"https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/musical.ly-your-video-social/id835599320?mt=8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Music.ally\u003c/a>) as possible using their music, in part to avoid the market domination that Apple had with the iTunes Store starting in 2004, and in part to keep pricing for their music catalogs competitive. However, tech companies have their own leverage, in the form of billions of “captive” users. The hands wash each other and the tendrils of industry are labyrinthine. (This very long, very dense piece \u003ca href=\"http://www.yalelawjournal.org/article/amazons-antitrust-paradox\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on antitrust and Amazon\u003c/a> from \u003cem>The Yale Law Journal\u003c/em> is a fascinating breakdown not just of Amazon, but of the many problems facing tech’s primacy, regulation and the laws around it.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past week, the companies below have either shared their most recent financial statements (except for Snap Inc., which filed a comprehensive internal breakdown ahead of its $18 billion IPO). These statements (along with tech’s activity over the past year and conversations we’ve had with them) give us a look at the proverbial tea leaves and where we fall between the hard place and the rock.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>SPOTIFY\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12744698\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg looks on a Peruvian President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski demos a virtual reality headse\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12744698\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-1020x764.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-1920x1439.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-960x719.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-624350888-22fcf39de9a160a6b44fd8b4d50c0bca0c04430b.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Facebook founder and CEO Mark Zuckerberg looks on a Peruvian President Pedro Pablo Kuczynski demos a virtual reality headse \u003ccite>(Photo: Pablo Parciuncula/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The financials of the world’s most-used streaming service are a notoriously elusive commodity — the company files in the spring, in Luxembourg, in French, and makes it a point not to announce them — but two things over the past day alone and one as-yet-unannounced move indicate where the company’s head is at. Last things first, its partnership with AccuWeather, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.accuweather.com/en/weather-news/accuweather-spotify-launch-climatune-to-produce-playlists-customized-to-weather/70000786\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">yielded a study on how weather affects listening patterns\u003c/a>. Next, two as-yet-unannounced podcasts exclusive to the service, one on music supervision (the work of selecting and licensing songs for television and movies) and the other about hip-hop record executive Chris Lighty. Finally, and most importantly, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.niemanlab.org/2017/02/with-its-new-spotify-bundle-the-new-york-times-is-chasing-a-new-younger-base-of-subscribers/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deal it announced Wednesday with the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, where new digital subscribers will receive a year of Spotify Premium for free\u003cem>\u003c/em>. Taken together, along with past initiatives like its \u003ca href=\"http://www.tiestoblog.com/spotify-album-burn-by-tiesto/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">“elastic” running songs\u003c/a>, show the market leader intends to keep pushing the envelope with data — but not with exclusive music content, as founder Daniel Ek has made clear. (Just podcasts, apparently.)\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>APPLE\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>Last year, Apple Music banked heavily on releases exclusive to it, including Frank Ocean’s highly anticipated \u003cem>Blonde\u003c/em>. However, likely due to an \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/26/business/media/frank-oceans-blonde-amplifies-discord-in-the-music-business.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">inspired bit of contractual gymnastics\u003c/a> on Ocean’s part, exclusives were subsequently \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/business/2016/aug/23/universal-streaming-exclusives-frank-ocean-release\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">banned\u003c/a> by Universal Music CEO Lucian Grainge. Despite that, Apple executives \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7604098/apple-music-20-million-subscribers-eddy-cue-zane-lowe-interview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">described\u003c/a> platform-specific exclusives like \u003cem>Blonde \u003c/em>as working “really well for everybody concerned — they’re great for the label, they work for the artist and for us.” To that end, it announced that Apple would be the home for \u003cem>Carpool Karaoke\u003c/em>, a massively successful segment that started on \u003cem>The Late Late Show With James Corden\u003c/em>. (Adele’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nck6BZga7TQ\">turn\u003c/a> has been viewed 145 million times as of this writing.) This will also, serendipitously, benefit Apple TV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple’s streaming service, Apple Music, has emerged as Spotify’s primary competitor, but from the outside is financially inextricable from other business segments of the Cupertino tech giant; Apple Music’s reports are bundled with other “services,” like its consumer insurance product AppleCare and Apple Pay. Regardless, it is a success, at least culturally. Apple Music now claims to have \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7604098/apple-music-20-million-subscribers-eddy-cue-zane-lowe-interview\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">20 million subscribers\u003c/a> since launching in June 2015. Its “services” arm \u003ca href=\"http://www.apple.com/newsroom/2017/01/apple-reports-record-first-quarter-results.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">was up\u003c/a> 22 percent between 2015 and 2016, from $19.9 billion to $24.34 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>FACEBOOK\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>As anyone who has seen the traffic report from any digital publisher of articles knows, Facebook’s dominance of media distribution on the web is near total. As such, even small moves make big waves. And, while “music” wasn’t mentioned once in last week’s \u003ca href=\"https://investor.fb.com/investor-events/event-details/2017/Facebook-Q4-2016-Earnings/default.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">earnings call\u003c/a>, the hiring of Tamara Hrivnak \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2017/01/30/512445669/with-new-hire-facebook-looks-to-strengthen-its-relationship-to-music\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">last week\u003c/a> to lead, as she posted on Faceook, “global music strategy and business development,” is a crystal clear indication that it will no longer sit on the sidelines when it comes to music. As \u003ca href=\"http://www.recode.net/2017/1/17/14269406/facebook-live-video-deals-paid\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cem>Recode\u003c/em> reported\u003c/a>, Facebook plans to focus more on “high-quality” video. It wouldn’t be shocking to see the company partner with video companies (like the music-focused Vevo, for instance) and music rights holders to host longer-form series, like Apple is doing with \u003cem>Carpool Karaoke\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>GOOGLE\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>YouTube is the world’s largest streaming service, by consumption, but remains the black sheep among those services for what the recording business says are lower-than-fair values for their work on it. A source with knowledge of the negotiations described them as routine, despite unrelenting attacks on it last year from various industry stakeholders over a perceived “value gap” between what YouTube pays for music streams versus what music services like Spotify (sometimes referred to as “pure-play” services) return to the recording industry. As a source pointed out to NPR last week, that value gap has been increasing as more people consume more music on the site. YouTube \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7525695/lyor-cohen-named-youtube-global-head-of-music\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">brought on\u003c/a> veteran label executive Lyor Cohen in early December as its global Head of Music.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>AMAZON\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_12744699\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/arts/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Shaquille O'Neal laughs as he tries a pair of Snapchat Spectacles during CES on January 5, 2017 in Las Vegas, Nv.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-12744699\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-768x576.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23-520x390.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/2/2017/02/gettyimages-631048340-f1ee259ec4337b6212e350545ee70157995bbf23.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shaquille O’Neal laughs as he tries a pair of Snapchat Spectacles during CES on January 5, 2017 in Las Vegas, Nv. \u003ccite>(Photo: Ethan Miller/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With the success of Echo and the ease of use between it and the company’s own streaming service, Music Unlimited, as well as Amazon’s variegated entertainment investments, Jeff Bezos’ e-commerce giant will continue to aggressively expand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company launched Amazon Music Unlimited last October, a “full catalog” service aimed at music fans less casual than those wooed by Amazon Prime Music — Prime has a catalog of two million songs, whereas Unlimited includes “tens of millions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prime members engaged with the Prime digital benefits at a voracious rate, more than doubling the number of video, music, and reading activities compared to 2015,” Amazon writes in its \u003ca href=\"http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=97664&p=irol-reportsother\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fourth-quarter earnings\u003c/a>, released Feb. 2. The company has had an impressive year with its cultural work, winning two Golden Globes and drawing seven Academy Awards nominations, including a Best Picture nod for \u003cem>Manchester By The Sea\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>WARNER MUSIC GROUP\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>In its earnings call on Feb. 7 Warner Music — which is owned by Len Blavatnik’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.accessindustries.com/about/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Access Industries\u003c/a> — says it made $1 billion from streaming in 2016 (\u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/7603792/youtube-1-billion-paid-recording-industry-advertising-2016\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">as much\u003c/a> as YouTube paid the industry worldwide that year), and pointed to new music from Bruno Mars and Ed Sheeran as key to its revenues in the coming year. It also cited, as mentioned above, virtual and augmented reality and high-resolution music as promising new sources of revenue over the coming year and beyond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Warner Music reports it made 8.1 percent more from records than it did over the same period in 2015, with $917 million in total revenue, $311 million of which came from streaming services.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>SONY CORP.\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>Sony Corp., which owns both major label Sony Music (home of Adele and Beyoncé, among many many others) and Sony/ATV, the world’s largest music publishing company (responsible for administering and exploiting compositions, which are legally separate from the sound recordings that record labels, like Sony Music, sell) reported sales down slightly in its third quarter, to $1.49 billion. That the company is about to get a new CEO — Rob Stringer, who is moving up from the reins of Columbia — after many years of being run by a legacy executive will no doubt bring fundamental change to the company. Sony Music’s recorded music revenue dropped 12.8 percent between 2015 and 2016, to $990 million. Of that, $364 million was generated by streaming services. Sony’s music operations were helped this past quarter not by music sales but rather thanks to a video game, \u003cem>Fate/Grand Order\u003c/em>. (That the company folded animation and mobile video games into music is a little strange, and seems to do little more than obfuscate the health of its music operations.)\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch5>\u003cstrong>SNAP INC.\u003c/strong>\u003c/h5>\n\u003cp>While the relationship between an amorphous social platform like Snapchat and music may seem tangential, a tech company worth tens of billions and that holds the attention of 150 million young eyes daily, and with a nascent hardware business to boot, will inevitably interact with music, as any youth-oriented concern must. (In fact, founder Evan Spiegel, as the hack of Sony Corp. revealed, had \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6406613/sony-leaks-snapchat-record-label-vevo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">expressed interest\u003c/a> in starting his own record label.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1564408/000119312517029199/d270216ds1.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">118,000-word filing\u003c/a> with the Securities and Exchange Commission, Snap Inc., the recently formed parent company of social media platform Snapchat, explained itself — even its famously inscrutable app — ahead of an initial public offering. Notably, it writes that “Snap Inc. is a camera company,” and defines Snapchat itself as a “camera application.” (The only camera it has released for sale are a pair of well-reviewed “Spectacles,” released surreptitiously in vending machines in Los Angeles and New York.) It is, of course, more than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cost of revenue, which includes licensing deals for content from publishers like BuzzFeed as well as failed content partnerships like the one \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/articles/business/6642187/snapchat-discover-warner-music-yahoo-iheartradio-buzzfeed\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">it cancelled\u003c/a> with Warner Music Group, was about $451 million in 2016. The company as a whole posted a net loss last year of $514 million. Spiegel stands to make $3.7 billion from his 227 million shares once the company goes public — plenty of money to play with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(And, not for nothing, the former CEO of Sony Entertainment, parent of Sony Music, is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/01/13/business/media/sony-michael-lynton-to-step-down.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">now the chairman\u003c/a> of Snap Inc.’s board.) \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What+Big+Tech%27s+Quarterly+Reports+Say+About+The+Future+Of+Music&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What Will Next-Stage Digital Medicine Look Like?",
"title": "What Will Next-Stage Digital Medicine Look Like?",
"headTitle": "KQED Future of You | KQED Science",
"content": "\u003cp>On the health tech beat, you often meet, broadly, two types of people. First, there are lots of very smart people who think we have the know-how to achieve a kind of big-data, perpetual-monitoring, digital-health paradise -- or at least something better than we have now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are some other, equally smart folks who think that particular vision is fueled by too much Silicon Valley dreamin' and too little attention to the basics of health care access and smart policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Daniel Kraft is closer to the former category. Dr. Kraft put in an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/01/24/first-person-daniel-kraft-on-the-next-stage-of-medical-technology/\" target=\"_blank\">appearance\u003c/a> on KQED's Forum radio program recently to discuss cutting edge health tech. Kraft is the chair of medicine at Singularity University, a technology think tank, \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2015/09/30/singularity-university-launches-accelerator/\" target=\"_blank\">startup accelerator\u003c/a> and educational organization that looks to \"leverage rapidly accelerating technologies\" to find solutions on a global scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kraft and Forum host Michael Krasny talked about the effects of new and prospective technologies, from virtual reality's impact on medical education to the \"Uberization\" of health care. Below are excerpts of Kraft's answers, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Uberization of Health Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone is familiar with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/uber/\" target=\"_blank\">Uber as disruptive\u003c/a>. But they couldn’t have existed 10-plus years ago, without smartphones, GPS, online payments--they connected the dots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all want that ease and transparency of use that we’re used to with Uber. And we’re seeing that kind of mindset come not just to millennials but to \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=senior+citizens+digital+health+care\" target=\"_blank\">older folks\u003c/a> who want access to their clinical data and doctor. There are several companies that have launched apps where you press a button and a doctor will come to you within three hours. Uber itself did a pilot in New York where you press a button and a nurse will come and \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/10/25/uber-free-flu-shots/\" target=\"_blank\">give you\u003c/a> a flu shot. This ease-of-access mindset is coming across in many parts of health care, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/16/digital-focused-pharmacy-capsule-opens-in-new-york.html\" target=\"_blank\">delivering your drugs\u003c/a>, whether it's by Uber, Lyft or drone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Potential of Digital Health Data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re in this age of exponential data, but how do you make it useful to you as a consumer, patient and physician? A lot of digital devices get \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/10/fitbit-study/\" target=\"_blank\">left in a drawer\u003c/a> after a month or so; the trick is to make them engaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We practice sick care today, spending most of our time and money on folks who already have disease. But we can really move to more proactive, continuous health care using some of these tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future we’ll have individualized check engine lights. Your information will be synthesized so that a warning light can say, \"Hey, time to come in for a checkup before you blow a gasket.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Digital Mental Health Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With some wearables and other technologies we can now get a pulse on our behaviors. Right now I’m wearing a couple of devices that \u003ca href=\"http://sleepjunkies.com/features/the-ultimate-guide-to-sleep-tracking/\" target=\"_blank\">track my sleep\u003c/a>. I have a ring that can do this; I have a sensor on my mattress. Just getting insight into how you sleep can have a huge impact on health and wellness over the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the same thing for depression and anxiety. We’re seeing companies that can be a platform for mental health progression. For example, for bipolar patients, if you’re depressed and not moving much and staying in the house, some of these \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/mental-health-there-s-an-app-for-that-1.19694\">new platforms\u003c/a> allow you to access your care team and your family, so you can get a digital hug when you might need one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Virtual and Augmented Reality\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians today spend twice as much time typing in their medical records than they do with patients. So one of the best applications is using Google Glass or a similar product so physicians can see their patients and view data but have someone else act as a virtual \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthcare-informatics.com/article/ehr/how-virtual-scribe-enhancing-doctor-patient-relationship\" target=\"_blank\">scribe\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re seeing now how Oculus Rift can help medical students \u003ca href=\"http://www.roadtovr.com/vr-human-anatomy-to-give-medical-students-a-hands-on-using-oculus-touch/\" target=\"_blank\">learn anatomy\u003c/a>, allowing them to fly through the heart or the brain. We’re seeing ways to use VR to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/28/how-virtual-reality-worlds-can-help-reduce-pain/\" target=\"_blank\">treat burn patients\u003c/a> who have undergone painful surgeries; they're put into a cold environment where they get to throw snowballs, and it diminishes their pain and their need for opiates. And kids with autism can now \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/08/google-glass-flopped-but-kids-with-autism-are-using-it-to-learn-emotions/\" target=\"_blank\">put on Google Glass\u003c/a> and learn to recognize facial emotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health Screening Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the future will be to use new screening tools: app-based eye-tracking devices, blood-based diagnostics, brain scans that might pick up dementia 10 or 15 years early. There are drugs in development that might stop or reverse plaques when you’re at stage 0, before you have symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with your 23andme data, primary care doctors could gain some insights--when to screen you or \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/01/436584534/are-statins-bad-for-me-personalized-medicine-cant-yet-say\" target=\"_blank\">what statin drugs\u003c/a> may work best for you, based on your \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/genomicresearch/pharmacogenomics\" target=\"_blank\">pharmacogenomics\u003c/a>. The challenge is a lot of this information doesn’t flow to your physicians; they’re not incentivized to use it, and in some cases they're dis-incentivized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health Care vs. Technology Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Folks talk about robot physicians or the app \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/11/07/AI-computers-diagnosis-watson/\" target=\"_blank\">taking over\u003c/a> your medical care. I think it’s going to be more of a blend, not just AI but IA, intelligence augmentation. So in fields like \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/25/technology-radiology/\" target=\"_blank\">radiology\u003c/a> or dermatology or pathology, where clinicians are trained to see patterns, now machine learning can arguably do that faster and better, and that can augment a primary care doctor in screening you for melanoma, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re seeing the ability to do triage with \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2016/10/11/13240434/baidu-medical-chatbot-china-melody\" target=\"_blank\">chatbots\u003c/a>, which you might access from your phone and help you do the first steps. I’ve got a few \u003ca href=\"http://tricorder.xprize.org/teams/final-frontier-medical-devices\" target=\"_blank\">medical tricorders\u003c/a>, inspired by \"Star Trek,\" with me. So at home or in your pocket you can literally pull down advanced vital signs that synch up with your phone and connect to your clinicians, and AI agents can help you understand where you are in your baseline and the way things are moving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t need to replace doctors, but maybe every visit \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/03/virtual_care_clinic_usc/\" target=\"_blank\">doesn’t need\u003c/a> to require you to take off half a day of work, sit in the waiting room and fill out the same form. You might use your smartphone for a follow-up appointment to look at a wound from surgery, or to check on a suspicious skin lesion. As cost pressures go, we’ll be seeing more and more payment for some of these \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/jacki-andre/health-care-telemedicine_b_14632688.html\" target=\"_blank\">telehealth\u003c/a> platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pediatrics and Technology \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a lot of new tech coming for pregnant women and children. A connected otoscope can enable you to track kids with ear infections at home, so you don't have to drag them back to the doctor. We’re seeing sensored cribs or infant ankle bracelets, sort of a Fitbit for babies, which can help reassure worried parents or enable a physician to send a child home earlier when they're at risk of SIDS or asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>More on \u003ca href=\"https://su.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Singularity University\u003c/a> and what it calls \u003ca href=\"https://exponential.singularityu.org/medicine/\" target=\"_blank\">exponential medicine here\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the health tech beat, you often meet, broadly, two types of people. First, there are lots of very smart people who think we have the know-how to achieve a kind of big-data, perpetual-monitoring, digital-health paradise -- or at least something better than we have now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there are some other, equally smart folks who think that particular vision is fueled by too much Silicon Valley dreamin' and too little attention to the basics of health care access and smart policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Daniel Kraft is closer to the former category. Dr. Kraft put in an \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/forum/2017/01/24/first-person-daniel-kraft-on-the-next-stage-of-medical-technology/\" target=\"_blank\">appearance\u003c/a> on KQED's Forum radio program recently to discuss cutting edge health tech. Kraft is the chair of medicine at Singularity University, a technology think tank, \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2015/09/30/singularity-university-launches-accelerator/\" target=\"_blank\">startup accelerator\u003c/a> and educational organization that looks to \"leverage rapidly accelerating technologies\" to find solutions on a global scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kraft and Forum host Michael Krasny talked about the effects of new and prospective technologies, from virtual reality's impact on medical education to the \"Uberization\" of health care. Below are excerpts of Kraft's answers, edited for length and clarity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Uberization of Health Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everyone is familiar with \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/tag/uber/\" target=\"_blank\">Uber as disruptive\u003c/a>. But they couldn’t have existed 10-plus years ago, without smartphones, GPS, online payments--they connected the dots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We all want that ease and transparency of use that we’re used to with Uber. And we’re seeing that kind of mindset come not just to millennials but to \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/search?q=senior+citizens+digital+health+care\" target=\"_blank\">older folks\u003c/a> who want access to their clinical data and doctor. There are several companies that have launched apps where you press a button and a doctor will come to you within three hours. Uber itself did a pilot in New York where you press a button and a nurse will come and \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/10/25/uber-free-flu-shots/\" target=\"_blank\">give you\u003c/a> a flu shot. This ease-of-access mindset is coming across in many parts of health care, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnbc.com/2016/05/16/digital-focused-pharmacy-capsule-opens-in-new-york.html\" target=\"_blank\">delivering your drugs\u003c/a>, whether it's by Uber, Lyft or drone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Potential of Digital Health Data\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re in this age of exponential data, but how do you make it useful to you as a consumer, patient and physician? A lot of digital devices get \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/10/fitbit-study/\" target=\"_blank\">left in a drawer\u003c/a> after a month or so; the trick is to make them engaging.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We practice sick care today, spending most of our time and money on folks who already have disease. But we can really move to more proactive, continuous health care using some of these tools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the future we’ll have individualized check engine lights. Your information will be synthesized so that a warning light can say, \"Hey, time to come in for a checkup before you blow a gasket.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Digital Mental Health Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With some wearables and other technologies we can now get a pulse on our behaviors. Right now I’m wearing a couple of devices that \u003ca href=\"http://sleepjunkies.com/features/the-ultimate-guide-to-sleep-tracking/\" target=\"_blank\">track my sleep\u003c/a>. I have a ring that can do this; I have a sensor on my mattress. Just getting insight into how you sleep can have a huge impact on health and wellness over the long term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s the same thing for depression and anxiety. We’re seeing companies that can be a platform for mental health progression. For example, for bipolar patients, if you’re depressed and not moving much and staying in the house, some of these \u003ca href=\"http://www.nature.com/news/mental-health-there-s-an-app-for-that-1.19694\">new platforms\u003c/a> allow you to access your care team and your family, so you can get a digital hug when you might need one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Virtual and Augmented Reality\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Physicians today spend twice as much time typing in their medical records than they do with patients. So one of the best applications is using Google Glass or a similar product so physicians can see their patients and view data but have someone else act as a virtual \u003ca href=\"http://www.healthcare-informatics.com/article/ehr/how-virtual-scribe-enhancing-doctor-patient-relationship\" target=\"_blank\">scribe\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re seeing now how Oculus Rift can help medical students \u003ca href=\"http://www.roadtovr.com/vr-human-anatomy-to-give-medical-students-a-hands-on-using-oculus-touch/\" target=\"_blank\">learn anatomy\u003c/a>, allowing them to fly through the heart or the brain. We’re seeing ways to use VR to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2015/05/28/how-virtual-reality-worlds-can-help-reduce-pain/\" target=\"_blank\">treat burn patients\u003c/a> who have undergone painful surgeries; they're put into a cold environment where they get to throw snowballs, and it diminishes their pain and their need for opiates. And kids with autism can now \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/04/08/google-glass-flopped-but-kids-with-autism-are-using-it-to-learn-emotions/\" target=\"_blank\">put on Google Glass\u003c/a> and learn to recognize facial emotions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health Screening Tools\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the future will be to use new screening tools: app-based eye-tracking devices, blood-based diagnostics, brain scans that might pick up dementia 10 or 15 years early. There are drugs in development that might stop or reverse plaques when you’re at stage 0, before you have symptoms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with your 23andme data, primary care doctors could gain some insights--when to screen you or \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/09/01/436584534/are-statins-bad-for-me-personalized-medicine-cant-yet-say\" target=\"_blank\">what statin drugs\u003c/a> may work best for you, based on your \u003ca href=\"https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/genomicresearch/pharmacogenomics\" target=\"_blank\">pharmacogenomics\u003c/a>. The challenge is a lot of this information doesn’t flow to your physicians; they’re not incentivized to use it, and in some cases they're dis-incentivized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Health Care vs. Technology Care\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Folks talk about robot physicians or the app \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/11/07/AI-computers-diagnosis-watson/\" target=\"_blank\">taking over\u003c/a> your medical care. I think it’s going to be more of a blend, not just AI but IA, intelligence augmentation. So in fields like \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/10/25/technology-radiology/\" target=\"_blank\">radiology\u003c/a> or dermatology or pathology, where clinicians are trained to see patterns, now machine learning can arguably do that faster and better, and that can augment a primary care doctor in screening you for melanoma, for example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’re seeing the ability to do triage with \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2016/10/11/13240434/baidu-medical-chatbot-china-melody\" target=\"_blank\">chatbots\u003c/a>, which you might access from your phone and help you do the first steps. I’ve got a few \u003ca href=\"http://tricorder.xprize.org/teams/final-frontier-medical-devices\" target=\"_blank\">medical tricorders\u003c/a>, inspired by \"Star Trek,\" with me. So at home or in your pocket you can literally pull down advanced vital signs that synch up with your phone and connect to your clinicians, and AI agents can help you understand where you are in your baseline and the way things are moving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We don’t need to replace doctors, but maybe every visit \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/futureofyou/2016/02/03/virtual_care_clinic_usc/\" target=\"_blank\">doesn’t need\u003c/a> to require you to take off half a day of work, sit in the waiting room and fill out the same form. You might use your smartphone for a follow-up appointment to look at a wound from surgery, or to check on a suspicious skin lesion. As cost pressures go, we’ll be seeing more and more payment for some of these \u003ca href=\"http://www.huffingtonpost.ca/jacki-andre/health-care-telemedicine_b_14632688.html\" target=\"_blank\">telehealth\u003c/a> platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Pediatrics and Technology \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's a lot of new tech coming for pregnant women and children. A connected otoscope can enable you to track kids with ear infections at home, so you don't have to drag them back to the doctor. We’re seeing sensored cribs or infant ankle bracelets, sort of a Fitbit for babies, which can help reassure worried parents or enable a physician to send a child home earlier when they're at risk of SIDS or asthma.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
},
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},
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"order": 1
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"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
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"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"hyphenacion": {
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"source": "WaitWhat"
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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