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"content": "\u003cp>Researchers have come up with a new way to extract water from thin air. Literally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the first technology that can turn water vapor in the atmosphere into liquid water that people can drink, but researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and UC Berkeley say their approach uses less power and works in drier environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach makes use of a substance called a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/341/6149/1230444\">MOF\u003c/a>, a metal-organic framework. As the name suggests, these are materials made of metals mixed with organic compounds. Powders made from MOFs are very porous, so researchers have proposed using them to store hydrogen or methane fuels or to capture carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MIT's \u003ca href=\"http://meche.mit.edu/people/faculty/enwang@mit.edu\">Evelyn Wang\u003c/a> and her Berkeley colleague \u003ca href=\"http://yaghi.berkeley.edu/\">Omar Yaghi\u003c/a> decided to try using MOFs to capture water. MOF powders can not only suck up liquid water, they can also absorb water vapor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's plenty of water vapor in the atmosphere. Even in the driest place on the planet there are tons of water molecules floating overhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers built a small prototype water collector that contains a thin layer of MOF powder. The powder absorbs water vapor until it is saturated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once you achieve that maximum amount,\" Wang says, \"you apply some type of heat to the system to release that water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when the water is released, it collects in the bottom of the prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other compounds that can suck water from the air, \u003ca href=\"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/zeolites/\">zeolites\u003c/a> for example, but Wang says it takes a significant amount of energy to get these materials to release the water. Not so with a MOF device. \"The amount of energy required is very low,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the prototype, the heat needed to drive the water out of the MOF comes from ambient sunlight — no external power supply is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11408634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11408634\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Even in Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest place on Earth, there are water molecules floating overhead.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Even in Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest place on Earth, there are water molecules floating overhead. \u003ccite>(MARTIN BERNETTI/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As they report \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/04/12/science.aam8743\">in the journal Science\u003c/a>\u003cem>,\u003c/em> Wang and her colleagues tested the prototype of their MOF-based device on the roof of a building at MIT, and it worked great.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's just a prototype. It used only a fraction of an ounce of the MOF powder. \"So the amount of water that we've shown is also pretty small,\" says Wang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Wang's calculations, a full-size system using about 2 pounds of MOF powder could deliver close to three quarts of water per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she expects scaling up the prototype won't be all that expensive. Although MOFs are a relatively new material, \"there are companies that already make various MOFS at very large bulk scales,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many steps before a mass-produced MOF-based water collector becomes a reality. It hasn't been shown, for example, that the water released by the MOF powder is free of contaminants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's conceivable that someday if you're visiting Death Valley, one of the driest places in the United States, you'll be able to wet your whistle with a device based on Wang and Yaghi's concept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Researchers+Find+A+New+Way+To+Make+Water+From+Thin+Air&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers have come up with a new way to extract water from thin air. Literally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the first technology that can turn water vapor in the atmosphere into liquid water that people can drink, but researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and UC Berkeley say their approach uses less power and works in drier environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach makes use of a substance called a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/341/6149/1230444\">MOF\u003c/a>, a metal-organic framework. As the name suggests, these are materials made of metals mixed with organic compounds. Powders made from MOFs are very porous, so researchers have proposed using them to store hydrogen or methane fuels or to capture carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MIT's \u003ca href=\"http://meche.mit.edu/people/faculty/enwang@mit.edu\">Evelyn Wang\u003c/a> and her Berkeley colleague \u003ca href=\"http://yaghi.berkeley.edu/\">Omar Yaghi\u003c/a> decided to try using MOFs to capture water. MOF powders can not only suck up liquid water, they can also absorb water vapor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's plenty of water vapor in the atmosphere. Even in the driest place on the planet there are tons of water molecules floating overhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers built a small prototype water collector that contains a thin layer of MOF powder. The powder absorbs water vapor until it is saturated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once you achieve that maximum amount,\" Wang says, \"you apply some type of heat to the system to release that water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when the water is released, it collects in the bottom of the prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other compounds that can suck water from the air, \u003ca href=\"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/zeolites/\">zeolites\u003c/a> for example, but Wang says it takes a significant amount of energy to get these materials to release the water. Not so with a MOF device. \"The amount of energy required is very low,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the prototype, the heat needed to drive the water out of the MOF comes from ambient sunlight — no external power supply is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11408634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11408634\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Even in Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest place on Earth, there are water molecules floating overhead.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Even in Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest place on Earth, there are water molecules floating overhead. \u003ccite>(MARTIN BERNETTI/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As they report \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/04/12/science.aam8743\">in the journal Science\u003c/a>\u003cem>,\u003c/em> Wang and her colleagues tested the prototype of their MOF-based device on the roof of a building at MIT, and it worked great.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's just a prototype. It used only a fraction of an ounce of the MOF powder. \"So the amount of water that we've shown is also pretty small,\" says Wang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Wang's calculations, a full-size system using about 2 pounds of MOF powder could deliver close to three quarts of water per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she expects scaling up the prototype won't be all that expensive. Although MOFs are a relatively new material, \"there are companies that already make various MOFS at very large bulk scales,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many steps before a mass-produced MOF-based water collector becomes a reality. It hasn't been shown, for example, that the water released by the MOF powder is free of contaminants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's conceivable that someday if you're visiting Death Valley, one of the driest places in the United States, you'll be able to wet your whistle with a device based on Wang and Yaghi's concept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Researchers+Find+A+New+Way+To+Make+Water+From+Thin+Air&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The San Francisco International Airport can record the license plate information of everyone who uses its roads and parking garages and it can keep the data on file for more than four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Airport Commission voted last month on a new policy that gives more than 70 SFO employees access to a license plate information database and allows the airport to release the data to the San Francisco Police Department, the San Mateo County Sheriff’s Department and the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology can grab license plate information from millions of people a year. In 2016, the airport served more than 53 million passengers — many of them drove to and from SFO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The access that the airport’s new rules provide could become a “honeypot” for authorities, according to Matt Cagle, a technology and civil liberties policy attorney at the ACLU of Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why does law enforcement need to know who’s visiting SFO?” Cagle asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one thing if a crime has been committed or if there’s a legitimate demand from law enforcement with a warrant,” he said. “But it’s another thing if the airport has decided to simply share this information with law enforcement for their own purposes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data collection not only affects travelers but also people who pick up their relatives and friends at the airport. And it comes at a heightened time for free speech protests at the airport: In recent months hundreds of people flocked to SFO to protest President Trump’s travel ban affecting people from Muslim-majority nations and refugees worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cagle says the new policy allows the airport to hold onto the information for too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If data is kept at all, it should only be kept for days or weeks, at most, not placed in a multiyear database,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The airport’s license plate policy was prompted by legislation authored by state Sen. Jerry Hill (D-San Mateo) and signed by Gov. Jerry Brown in 2015. It went into effect last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Bill 34 requires security protections for data collected by the plate readers and “public disclosure” about the use of the technology by public agencies, which have to post their policies online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFO emphasizes that the main role of its license plate readers is to help administer FasTrak accounts at its garages and to track “commercial operators,” like taxis and limos, on its roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to remember that the primary purpose for the system that we’ve established here is for revenue collection,” airport spokesman Doug Yakel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is there a correlation to law enforcement efforts? Of course,” Yakel said. “It’s a benefit to thwarting vehicle theft and other types of crimes. But that’s really not primarily how it’s used.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The San Francisco International Airport can record the license plate information of everyone who uses its roads and parking garages and it can keep the data on file for more than four years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Airport Commission voted last month on a new policy that gives more than 70 SFO employees access to a license plate information database and allows the airport to release the data to the San Francisco Police Department, the San Mateo County Sheriff’s Department and the FBI.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The technology can grab license plate information from millions of people a year. In 2016, the airport served more than 53 million passengers — many of them drove to and from SFO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The access that the airport’s new rules provide could become a “honeypot” for authorities, according to Matt Cagle, a technology and civil liberties policy attorney at the ACLU of Northern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why does law enforcement need to know who’s visiting SFO?” Cagle asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s one thing if a crime has been committed or if there’s a legitimate demand from law enforcement with a warrant,” he said. “But it’s another thing if the airport has decided to simply share this information with law enforcement for their own purposes.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The data collection not only affects travelers but also people who pick up their relatives and friends at the airport. And it comes at a heightened time for free speech protests at the airport: In recent months hundreds of people flocked to SFO to protest President Trump’s travel ban affecting people from Muslim-majority nations and refugees worldwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cagle says the new policy allows the airport to hold onto the information for too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If data is kept at all, it should only be kept for days or weeks, at most, not placed in a multiyear database,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The airport’s license plate policy was prompted by legislation authored by state Sen. Jerry Hill (D-San Mateo) and signed by Gov. Jerry Brown in 2015. It went into effect last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Bill 34 requires security protections for data collected by the plate readers and “public disclosure” about the use of the technology by public agencies, which have to post their policies online.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SFO emphasizes that the main role of its license plate readers is to help administer FasTrak accounts at its garages and to track “commercial operators,” like taxis and limos, on its roads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to remember that the primary purpose for the system that we’ve established here is for revenue collection,” airport spokesman Doug Yakel said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Is there a correlation to law enforcement efforts? Of course,” Yakel said. “It’s a benefit to thwarting vehicle theft and other types of crimes. But that’s really not primarily how it’s used.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What a 23andMe Disease Risk Report Can Tell You and What It Can't",
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"content": "\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The genetic testing company 23andMe received \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/04/06/genetic-test-alzheimers/\">approval\u003c/a> this week from regulators to sell genetic reports on an individual’s risk for 10 diseases, most prominently Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Before you send in your saliva sample and $199, here’s what you should know:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"danger-zone\">What will a genetic test actually tell me?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">At most, that you carry a DNA variant that, according to research, is associated with a higher risk of a disease. For the rare clotting disorder hereditary thrombophilia, for instance, the report will say that you do or do not carry a variant called Factor V Leiden in the F5 gene and a variant called Prothrombin G20210A in the F2 gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s important for people to know that even if they have a mutation in the genes [associated with Parkinson’s that 23andMe will test for], by and large they won’t get Parkinson’s disease.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>23and me is still fine-tuning the reports, but its tests will also tell you how the presence (or absence) of variants affects risk. If there’s enough science to quantify that, the report will specify a percentage, like “your risk is 3 percent.” If not, it will just say there’s an (unspecified) increased risk. Of course, you can also look it up. For Alzheimer’s, carrying two copies of the Apoe4 variant (one from each parent), as \u003ca href=\"https://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih9/bioethics/guide/pdf/Master_4-2.pdf\">1 to 2 percent\u003c/a> of the population does, raises the risk of the disease to as much as 87 percent, for instance, compared to about \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/11/21/dementia-rate-decline/\">9 percent\u003c/a> in the general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"danger-zone\">What diseases can 23andMe tell me about?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">This month, late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, the clotting disorder alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and Gaucher disease. Soon — the company hasn’t said exactly when — it will also test for genetic variants linked to factor XI deficiency (excessive bleeding), celiac disease, anemia-causing G6PD deficiency, the movement disorder early-onset primary dystonia, and the blood illness hereditary hemochromatosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will the test tell me if I’m doomed to get one of these terrible disorders?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>No. None of the genetic variants that 23andMe tests for is what’s called “fully penetrant,” meaning that 100 percent of those who carry the variant develop the disease. By not “fully,” we mean \u003cem>really\u003c/em> not fully, as in the risk might be measured in the single-digit percentages. “It’s important for people to know that even if they have a mutation in the genes [associated with Parkinson’s that 23andMe will test for], by and large they won’t get Parkinson’s disease,” said James Beck, chief scientific officer of the Parkinson’s Foundation. The N370S variant in the GBA gene, for instance, triples the risk of Parkinson’s, Beck said, but with a baseline risk of 0.3 percent that means about a 1 percent risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do these tests work better for some ethnic groups than others?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Geneticists have studied more people of European descent than other groups, so they have more data on white people. 23andMe knows this, so its reports will include warnings such as that the test results are “most relevant for people of European descent” (for Alzheimer’s), “. . . for people of European, Ashkenazi Jewish, and North African Berber descent” (for Parkinson’s), and “. . . for people of Ashkenazi Jewish descent” (Factor XI Deficiency). With Alzheimer’s, the effect of the ApoE4 variant is weaker in African-Americans, for instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/04/07/genetic-analysis-need-to-know/\" target=\"_blank\">story\u003c/a> was originally published by STAT, an online publication of Boston Globe Media that covers health, medicine, and scientific discovery.\u003c/span>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">The genetic testing company 23andMe received \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2017/04/06/genetic-test-alzheimers/\">approval\u003c/a> this week from regulators to sell genetic reports on an individual’s risk for 10 diseases, most prominently Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. Before you send in your saliva sample and $199, here’s what you should know:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"danger-zone\">What will a genetic test actually tell me?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">At most, that you carry a DNA variant that, according to research, is associated with a higher risk of a disease. For the rare clotting disorder hereditary thrombophilia, for instance, the report will say that you do or do not carry a variant called Factor V Leiden in the F5 gene and a variant called Prothrombin G20210A in the F2 gene.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It’s important for people to know that even if they have a mutation in the genes [associated with Parkinson’s that 23andMe will test for], by and large they won’t get Parkinson’s disease.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>23and me is still fine-tuning the reports, but its tests will also tell you how the presence (or absence) of variants affects risk. If there’s enough science to quantify that, the report will specify a percentage, like “your risk is 3 percent.” If not, it will just say there’s an (unspecified) increased risk. Of course, you can also look it up. For Alzheimer’s, carrying two copies of the Apoe4 variant (one from each parent), as \u003ca href=\"https://science.education.nih.gov/supplements/nih9/bioethics/guide/pdf/Master_4-2.pdf\">1 to 2 percent\u003c/a> of the population does, raises the risk of the disease to as much as 87 percent, for instance, compared to about \u003ca href=\"https://www.statnews.com/2016/11/21/dementia-rate-decline/\">9 percent\u003c/a> in the general population.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 class=\"danger-zone\">What diseases can 23andMe tell me about?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp class=\"danger-zone\">This month, late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, the clotting disorder alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, and Gaucher disease. Soon — the company hasn’t said exactly when — it will also test for genetic variants linked to factor XI deficiency (excessive bleeding), celiac disease, anemia-causing G6PD deficiency, the movement disorder early-onset primary dystonia, and the blood illness hereditary hemochromatosis.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will the test tell me if I’m doomed to get one of these terrible disorders?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>No. None of the genetic variants that 23andMe tests for is what’s called “fully penetrant,” meaning that 100 percent of those who carry the variant develop the disease. By not “fully,” we mean \u003cem>really\u003c/em> not fully, as in the risk might be measured in the single-digit percentages. “It’s important for people to know that even if they have a mutation in the genes [associated with Parkinson’s that 23andMe will test for], by and large they won’t get Parkinson’s disease,” said James Beck, chief scientific officer of the Parkinson’s Foundation. The N370S variant in the GBA gene, for instance, triples the risk of Parkinson’s, Beck said, but with a baseline risk of 0.3 percent that means about a 1 percent risk.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Do these tests work better for some ethnic groups than others?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Geneticists have studied more people of European descent than other groups, so they have more data on white people. 23andMe knows this, so its reports will include warnings such as that the test results are “most relevant for people of European descent” (for Alzheimer’s), “. . . for people of European, Ashkenazi Jewish, and North African Berber descent” (for Parkinson’s), and “. . . for people of Ashkenazi Jewish descent” (Factor XI Deficiency). With Alzheimer’s, the effect of the ApoE4 variant is weaker in African-Americans, for instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Twitter Withdraws Lawsuit After DHS Drops Demands for Alt-Account's Identity",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2:15 p.m., Friday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwitter has dropped a lawsuit against the Department of Homeland Security, saying the demand that prompted the suit -- that Twitter reveal the anonymous user behind an \"alt-gov\" account -- has been withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original lawsuit, filed by the social media giant on Thursday, alleged that DHS had demanded that Twitter reveal the user behind \"@ALT_uscis,\" an account allegedly run by current and former Citizenship and Immigration Services employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summons threatened legal action if Twitter did not comply -- and asked Twitter not to disclose the existence of the demand. Twitter sued, exposing the summons and asking a court to declare it unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because the summons has now been withdrawn,\" Twitter's lawyers write in the latest filing, the company dropped the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post: \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwitter is suing the Department of Homeland Security after the agency demanded to know the identity of the person behind the \"@ALT_uscis\" or \"Alt Immigration\" Twitter account, one of several \"rogue\" accounts ostensibly created by anonymous employees of the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3539853-Twitter-v-DHS.html\">lawsuit from Twitter\u003c/a> alleges that DHS demanded to know the name, login information, phone number, mailing address and IP address of the user behind the account and threatened that failure to comply could lead to court actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter also says DHS \"requested\" that the company not reveal the existence of the summons. Twitter did not comply with either the summons or the request for silence — instead, the company is asking a federal court to declare the summons \"unlawful and unenforceable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Twitter account in question is @ALT_uscis, as in \"alternative U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.\" It's one of a wave of accounts started in late January and early February after the Trump administration set limits on social media postings from a number of agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395680\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-800x291.jpg\" alt=\"A now-deleted tweet from @ALT_USCIS was included in a complaint Twitter filed against the Department of Homeland Security. Twitter says DHS tried to unmask the user behind this account, which has “expressed dissent in a range of different ways,” including this early tweet that “the author apparently believed cast doubt on the Administration’s immigration policy.” \" width=\"800\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-160x58.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-240x87.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-375x136.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-520x189.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A now-deleted tweet from @ALT_USCIS was included in a complaint Twitter filed against the Department of Homeland Security. Twitter says DHS tried to unmask the user behind this account, which has “expressed dissent in a range of different ways,” including this early tweet that “the author apparently believed cast doubt on the Administration’s immigration policy.” \u003ccite>(Twitter/U.S. District Court Northern District of California)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You may remember that a Twitter account for Badlands National Park went rogue, tweeting about climate change. After that act of resistance was shut down, a number of \"alternative\" accounts — for national parks and all kinds of other government agencies — sprang up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some accounts say they are run by fans/supporters. Others claim to be run by actual government employees, which is difficult to verify. As for @ALT_uscis, The Associated Press reports that the people behind the account told the wire service they were \"employees and former employees of the agency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"NwP8rmngKUwtaU3gBHAn6ucxwkQMJIz8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Identifying \u003cem>which \u003c/em>employees was apparently the goal of the DHS summons, demanding Twitter produce \"all records\" associated with the account or face legal consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the social media giant say that the summons was itself illegal — a violation of the First Amendment rights of @ALT_uscis as well as of Twitter itself — and unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They note that @ALT_uscis was expressing dissent, criticizing immigration policies and disagreeing with other Trump administration policies. (The account's older tweets have since been deleted; some screen shots are shared in the court filing and more recent tweets follow the same trend.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ALT_uscis/status/849851959913971712\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Identifying the user \"would chill the expression of particularly valuable political speech,\" Twitter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says on its site it releases private user data only in case of emergency or through the \u003ca href=\"https://support.twitter.com/articles/41949#8\">proper legal processes\u003c/a>, like a court order. In the lawsuit, it says that to demand a user be unmasked, the government must demonstrate a law was violated, prove that identifying the user is the \"least restrictive\" way of investigating the offense, and make the case that it \u003cem>isn't \u003c/em>trying to suppress free speech or violate the First Amendment. (Twitter has a process for law enforcement officers seeking private information, which requires a court order, subpoena or proof of emergency.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Defendants have not come close to making any of those showings,\" the company's lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, they say the tool DHS used to demand the information — a Customs and Border Patrol administrative summons — is only meant to allow CBP to demand information about imported merchandise. \"It is apparent that whatever investigation Defendants are conducting here does not pertain to imported merchandise,\" the complaint says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a side note, they point out that the summons was delivered on March 14, with a deadline of March 13 — that is, already in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger question is one of First Amendment rights, the company maintains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Compelled disclosure of the identities of Twitter users who have engaged in pseudonymous speech would chill their exercise of the constitutionally protected right to speak anonymously,\" Twitter's lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A time-honored tradition of pseudonymous free speech on matters of public moment runs deep in the political life of America,\" they note elsewhere\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's Laura Sydell reports that this isn't the first time Twitter has gone to court over users' privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter has resisted other government attempts for information about its users, including a demand from New York prosecutors for information about an Occupy Wall Street protester in 2012,\" Laura says. \"Twitter lost that case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter and DHS both declined to comment about the new litigation. The user behind @ALT_uscis has responded, however, with several tweets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ALT_uscis/status/850093177495269377\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ALT_uscis/status/850105469494538241\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/ALT_uscis/status/850097674913292288\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter+Sues+Homeland+Security+To+Protect+Anonymity+Of+%27Alt+Immigration%27+Account&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2:15 p.m., Friday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwitter has dropped a lawsuit against the Department of Homeland Security, saying the demand that prompted the suit -- that Twitter reveal the anonymous user behind an \"alt-gov\" account -- has been withdrawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original lawsuit, filed by the social media giant on Thursday, alleged that DHS had demanded that Twitter reveal the user behind \"@ALT_uscis,\" an account allegedly run by current and former Citizenship and Immigration Services employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The summons threatened legal action if Twitter did not comply -- and asked Twitter not to disclose the existence of the demand. Twitter sued, exposing the summons and asking a court to declare it unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because the summons has now been withdrawn,\" Twitter's lawyers write in the latest filing, the company dropped the suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post: \u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nTwitter is suing the Department of Homeland Security after the agency demanded to know the identity of the person behind the \"@ALT_uscis\" or \"Alt Immigration\" Twitter account, one of several \"rogue\" accounts ostensibly created by anonymous employees of the federal government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3539853-Twitter-v-DHS.html\">lawsuit from Twitter\u003c/a> alleges that DHS demanded to know the name, login information, phone number, mailing address and IP address of the user behind the account and threatened that failure to comply could lead to court actions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter also says DHS \"requested\" that the company not reveal the existence of the summons. Twitter did not comply with either the summons or the request for silence — instead, the company is asking a federal court to declare the summons \"unlawful and unenforceable.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Twitter account in question is @ALT_uscis, as in \"alternative U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services.\" It's one of a wave of accounts started in late January and early February after the Trump administration set limits on social media postings from a number of agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11395680\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11395680\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-800x291.jpg\" alt=\"A now-deleted tweet from @ALT_USCIS was included in a complaint Twitter filed against the Department of Homeland Security. Twitter says DHS tried to unmask the user behind this account, which has “expressed dissent in a range of different ways,” including this early tweet that “the author apparently believed cast doubt on the Administration’s immigration policy.” \" width=\"800\" height=\"291\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-160x58.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-240x87.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-375x136.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AltImmig-520x189.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A now-deleted tweet from @ALT_USCIS was included in a complaint Twitter filed against the Department of Homeland Security. Twitter says DHS tried to unmask the user behind this account, which has “expressed dissent in a range of different ways,” including this early tweet that “the author apparently believed cast doubt on the Administration’s immigration policy.” \u003ccite>(Twitter/U.S. District Court Northern District of California)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You may remember that a Twitter account for Badlands National Park went rogue, tweeting about climate change. After that act of resistance was shut down, a number of \"alternative\" accounts — for national parks and all kinds of other government agencies — sprang up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some accounts say they are run by fans/supporters. Others claim to be run by actual government employees, which is difficult to verify. As for @ALT_uscis, The Associated Press reports that the people behind the account told the wire service they were \"employees and former employees of the agency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Identifying \u003cem>which \u003c/em>employees was apparently the goal of the DHS summons, demanding Twitter produce \"all records\" associated with the account or face legal consequences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawyers for the social media giant say that the summons was itself illegal — a violation of the First Amendment rights of @ALT_uscis as well as of Twitter itself — and unenforceable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They note that @ALT_uscis was expressing dissent, criticizing immigration policies and disagreeing with other Trump administration policies. (The account's older tweets have since been deleted; some screen shots are shared in the court filing and more recent tweets follow the same trend.)\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Identifying the user \"would chill the expression of particularly valuable political speech,\" Twitter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says on its site it releases private user data only in case of emergency or through the \u003ca href=\"https://support.twitter.com/articles/41949#8\">proper legal processes\u003c/a>, like a court order. In the lawsuit, it says that to demand a user be unmasked, the government must demonstrate a law was violated, prove that identifying the user is the \"least restrictive\" way of investigating the offense, and make the case that it \u003cem>isn't \u003c/em>trying to suppress free speech or violate the First Amendment. (Twitter has a process for law enforcement officers seeking private information, which requires a court order, subpoena or proof of emergency.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Defendants have not come close to making any of those showings,\" the company's lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, they say the tool DHS used to demand the information — a Customs and Border Patrol administrative summons — is only meant to allow CBP to demand information about imported merchandise. \"It is apparent that whatever investigation Defendants are conducting here does not pertain to imported merchandise,\" the complaint says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a side note, they point out that the summons was delivered on March 14, with a deadline of March 13 — that is, already in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The larger question is one of First Amendment rights, the company maintains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Compelled disclosure of the identities of Twitter users who have engaged in pseudonymous speech would chill their exercise of the constitutionally protected right to speak anonymously,\" Twitter's lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A time-honored tradition of pseudonymous free speech on matters of public moment runs deep in the political life of America,\" they note elsewhere\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR's Laura Sydell reports that this isn't the first time Twitter has gone to court over users' privacy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter has resisted other government attempts for information about its users, including a demand from New York prosecutors for information about an Occupy Wall Street protester in 2012,\" Laura says. \"Twitter lost that case.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter and DHS both declined to comment about the new litigation. The user behind @ALT_uscis has responded, however, with several tweets.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you work for \u003ca href=\"https://esharesinc.com/\" target=\"_blank\">eShares \u003c/a>and are going on a business trip abroad, you have to visit a locked closet at the startup’s offices in Palo Alto. Inside it: a safe where employees are required to deposit their work laptops and phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company manages financial information -- like keeping track of employee stock options -- for startups that haven’t gone public. And considering the sensitive information involved, eShares customers often like to do business in person, which means traveling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don't send our actual laptops” with employees when they travel abroad, said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/erichurkman?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\">Eric Hurkman, chief technology officer\u003c/a> for eShares. “We send loaner laptops that have no information on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an eShares employee returns home, the company wipes the data off the computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protocol is one that large tech companies, which deal in proprietary information, have had in place for years when sending employees to China. But now, a growing number of smaller Silicon Valley tech companies are adopting the security measures in case employees get their devices confiscated by authorities when coming home to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protocol is in response to \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2017/2/12/14583124/nasa-sidd-bikkannavar-detained-cbp-phone-search-trump-travel-ban\" target=\"_blank\">reports \u003c/a>that, under the Trump administration, the Department of Homeland Security is asking some travelers entering the U.S., including American citizens, to turn over their cellphones, laptops, email and social media passwords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This went on during the Obama administration, too, but there’s some evidence these searches are accelerating, said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/alexanderabdo?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\">Alex Abdo\u003c/a>, an attorney for the Knight First Amendment Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We definitely see indications that they are skyrocketing,” Abdo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abdo filed a \u003ca href=\"https://foia.state.gov/Learn/FOIA.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Freedom of Information Act\u003c/a> request to find out exactly how many stops like these have been made and the demographics of who was stopped. Last week, after the Trump administration didn’t respond, Abdo filed a lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NBC News \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/american-citizens-u-s-border-agents-can-search-your-cellphone-n732746\" target=\"_blank\">did obtain data\u003c/a> from the Department of Homeland Security and reported that in February it conducted 5,000 searches of electronic devices. That’s more than all the devices searched in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What troubles us most is that the government claims the authority to search the devices of anyone crossing the border without any suspicion of wrongdoing,” Abdo said. “And that last part is the critical part. They think they can search people's devices for any reason or no reason at all when they're crossing the border. And that kind of discretion historically gets abused.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is considering making searches of electronic devices an official part of its “extreme vetting” process for every foreign traveler entering the U.S., \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-administration-considers-far-reaching-steps-for-extreme-vetting-1491303602\" target=\"_blank\">according to the Wall Street Journal.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what’s getting the attention of tech companies is that the Trump administration appears to be ratcheting up searches of U.S. citizens. That affects the tech industry, and really any company that does business in person, around the world and deals in proprietary information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Ron Wyden, a Democrat representing Oregon, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wyden.senate.gov/news/press-releases/wyden-paul-polis-and-farenthold-bill-requires-warrants-to-search-americans-digital-devices-at-the-border\" target=\"_blank\">introduced a bill\u003c/a> that would require the Department of Homeland Security to get a warrant to search the devices of American citizens. The bill has received bipartisan support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, Silicon Valley relies heavily on noncitizens who are in the U.S. on work visas. The proposed law wouldn't apply to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, eShares' Hurkman isn’t taking any chances. The company implemented its new travel policy for employees about six months ago. Hurkman said the last phone call eShares wants to make to a client is this: Hey, when our employee flew back from your office, their phone was seized by border control and someone might have seen your top-secret information.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you work for \u003ca href=\"https://esharesinc.com/\" target=\"_blank\">eShares \u003c/a>and are going on a business trip abroad, you have to visit a locked closet at the startup’s offices in Palo Alto. Inside it: a safe where employees are required to deposit their work laptops and phones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company manages financial information -- like keeping track of employee stock options -- for startups that haven’t gone public. And considering the sensitive information involved, eShares customers often like to do business in person, which means traveling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don't send our actual laptops” with employees when they travel abroad, said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/erichurkman?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\">Eric Hurkman, chief technology officer\u003c/a> for eShares. “We send loaner laptops that have no information on them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an eShares employee returns home, the company wipes the data off the computers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protocol is one that large tech companies, which deal in proprietary information, have had in place for years when sending employees to China. But now, a growing number of smaller Silicon Valley tech companies are adopting the security measures in case employees get their devices confiscated by authorities when coming home to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protocol is in response to \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2017/2/12/14583124/nasa-sidd-bikkannavar-detained-cbp-phone-search-trump-travel-ban\" target=\"_blank\">reports \u003c/a>that, under the Trump administration, the Department of Homeland Security is asking some travelers entering the U.S., including American citizens, to turn over their cellphones, laptops, email and social media passwords.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This went on during the Obama administration, too, but there’s some evidence these searches are accelerating, said \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/alexanderabdo?lang=en\" target=\"_blank\">Alex Abdo\u003c/a>, an attorney for the Knight First Amendment Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We definitely see indications that they are skyrocketing,” Abdo said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abdo filed a \u003ca href=\"https://foia.state.gov/Learn/FOIA.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">Freedom of Information Act\u003c/a> request to find out exactly how many stops like these have been made and the demographics of who was stopped. Last week, after the Trump administration didn’t respond, Abdo filed a lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NBC News \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/american-citizens-u-s-border-agents-can-search-your-cellphone-n732746\" target=\"_blank\">did obtain data\u003c/a> from the Department of Homeland Security and reported that in February it conducted 5,000 searches of electronic devices. That’s more than all the devices searched in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What troubles us most is that the government claims the authority to search the devices of anyone crossing the border without any suspicion of wrongdoing,” Abdo said. “And that last part is the critical part. They think they can search people's devices for any reason or no reason at all when they're crossing the border. And that kind of discretion historically gets abused.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration is considering making searches of electronic devices an official part of its “extreme vetting” process for every foreign traveler entering the U.S., \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/trump-administration-considers-far-reaching-steps-for-extreme-vetting-1491303602\" target=\"_blank\">according to the Wall Street Journal.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what’s getting the attention of tech companies is that the Trump administration appears to be ratcheting up searches of U.S. citizens. That affects the tech industry, and really any company that does business in person, around the world and deals in proprietary information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Ron Wyden, a Democrat representing Oregon, \u003ca href=\"https://www.wyden.senate.gov/news/press-releases/wyden-paul-polis-and-farenthold-bill-requires-warrants-to-search-americans-digital-devices-at-the-border\" target=\"_blank\">introduced a bill\u003c/a> that would require the Department of Homeland Security to get a warrant to search the devices of American citizens. The bill has received bipartisan support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, Silicon Valley relies heavily on noncitizens who are in the U.S. on work visas. The proposed law wouldn't apply to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For his part, eShares' Hurkman isn’t taking any chances. The company implemented its new travel policy for employees about six months ago. Hurkman said the last phone call eShares wants to make to a client is this: Hey, when our employee flew back from your office, their phone was seized by border control and someone might have seen your top-secret information.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Twitter Drops Its Egg, the Unintended Avatar of Harassment",
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"content": "\u003cp>Since 2010, the default avatar on Twitter has been an egg. The idea apparently was that a new user was like a gestating bird, soon to make its first tweet. It was designed to be playful and cute.\u003cbr>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But over time, Twitter's eggs came to symbolize something different: users who remain shadowy on purpose, to harass their fellow tweeters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Twitter announced that it was doing away with the egg as its default avatar, opting instead for a nondescript person-shape figure. No more bright colors, either -- the new avatar is all gray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/2017/rethinking-our-default-profile-photo\">In a blog post, the company gave three reasons for the change\u003c/a>, which it seemed to list in order of least to most important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, the company says, it has a new look as of last year, and it wants users' avatars to reflect the \"diversity and expressiveness\" of the platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, it says, the egg was cute -- too cute. The egg didn't inspire enough people to want to change their avatar. So Twitter is making the default avatar ... worse on purpose: \"The new default image feels more like an empty state or placeholder and we hope it encourages people to upload images that express themselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(It's as if Twitter is giving the \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/102830089\">\"flair\" talk\u003c/a> to its users: \"You do want to express yourself, don't you?\")\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11385589\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 641px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/historic-twitter-avatars_wide-504116dbb21af87cb8b5cce2e28bb899c96754dc-e1491001797450.png\" alt=\"Since 2010, the egg has been the avatar given to new users on Twitter. But it came to be associated with anonymous harassers.\" width=\"641\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11385589\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Since 2010, the egg has been the avatar given to new users on Twitter. But it came to be associated with anonymous harassers. \u003ccite>(Twitter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Third, Twitter addresses the elephant in the virtual room: that the egg often became a symbol of harassment:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"We've noticed patterns of behavior with accounts that are created only to harass others -- often they don't take the time to personalize their accounts. This has created an association between the default egg profile photo and negative behavior, which isn't fair to people who are still new to Twitter and haven't yet personalized their profile photo.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As anyone who has been trolled can attest, the most virulent tweets often come from people not using their real names. And many of those accounts sport the egg avatar, because when you're creating an account for the sole purpose of harassing others anonymously, why take the time to upload a picture and risk giving clues to your identity?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One problem that the egg had obviated, Twitter's design team explained, was that \"generic person\" avatars employed by social networks often look masculine. (Those generic people rarely have long hair, for starters.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make its new avatar more gender-neutral, Twitter explained that it gave the generic figure narrower shoulders and made the head less circle, more oblong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the eggs were ready to be cracked when Twitter \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2017/3/1/14767074/twitter-anti-abuse-tools-filters-muting\">added functionality earlier this month\u003c/a> to filter out tweets from accounts that had the default avatar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has been under pressure to deal with the harassment that plagues certain reaches of the platform. The abuse was \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/15/502170396/twitter-adds-new-ways-to-mute-and-report-abusive-posts\">reportedly\u003c/a> one of the factors that dissuaded Salesforce from buying Twitter last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally, people used Twitter to criticize Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/JillPantozzi/status/847852103448088576\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter says egg avatars were being associated w/harassment. Instead of working on harassment, they changed the avi,\" \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JillPantozzi/status/847852103448088576\">tweeted\u003c/a> Jill Pantozzi, a pop culture writer. \"This is like, a comedy at this point.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We hope this new default profile photo encourages more people to express themselves on Twitter!\" the company wrote in its post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not the trolls presumably. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter+Drops+Its+Egg%2C+The+Unintended+Avatar+Of+Harassment&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Since 2010, the default avatar on Twitter has been an egg. The idea apparently was that a new user was like a gestating bird, soon to make its first tweet. It was designed to be playful and cute.\u003cbr>\u003cstrong>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But over time, Twitter's eggs came to symbolize something different: users who remain shadowy on purpose, to harass their fellow tweeters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, Twitter announced that it was doing away with the egg as its default avatar, opting instead for a nondescript person-shape figure. No more bright colors, either -- the new avatar is all gray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/2017/rethinking-our-default-profile-photo\">In a blog post, the company gave three reasons for the change\u003c/a>, which it seemed to list in order of least to most important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, the company says, it has a new look as of last year, and it wants users' avatars to reflect the \"diversity and expressiveness\" of the platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, it says, the egg was cute -- too cute. The egg didn't inspire enough people to want to change their avatar. So Twitter is making the default avatar ... worse on purpose: \"The new default image feels more like an empty state or placeholder and we hope it encourages people to upload images that express themselves.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(It's as if Twitter is giving the \u003ca href=\"https://vimeo.com/102830089\">\"flair\" talk\u003c/a> to its users: \"You do want to express yourself, don't you?\")\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11385589\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 641px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/historic-twitter-avatars_wide-504116dbb21af87cb8b5cce2e28bb899c96754dc-e1491001797450.png\" alt=\"Since 2010, the egg has been the avatar given to new users on Twitter. But it came to be associated with anonymous harassers.\" width=\"641\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11385589\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Since 2010, the egg has been the avatar given to new users on Twitter. But it came to be associated with anonymous harassers. \u003ccite>(Twitter)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Third, Twitter addresses the elephant in the virtual room: that the egg often became a symbol of harassment:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"We've noticed patterns of behavior with accounts that are created only to harass others -- often they don't take the time to personalize their accounts. This has created an association between the default egg profile photo and negative behavior, which isn't fair to people who are still new to Twitter and haven't yet personalized their profile photo.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As anyone who has been trolled can attest, the most virulent tweets often come from people not using their real names. And many of those accounts sport the egg avatar, because when you're creating an account for the sole purpose of harassing others anonymously, why take the time to upload a picture and risk giving clues to your identity?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One problem that the egg had obviated, Twitter's design team explained, was that \"generic person\" avatars employed by social networks often look masculine. (Those generic people rarely have long hair, for starters.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To make its new avatar more gender-neutral, Twitter explained that it gave the generic figure narrower shoulders and made the head less circle, more oblong.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Perhaps the eggs were ready to be cracked when Twitter \u003ca href=\"http://www.theverge.com/2017/3/1/14767074/twitter-anti-abuse-tools-filters-muting\">added functionality earlier this month\u003c/a> to filter out tweets from accounts that had the default avatar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has been under pressure to deal with the harassment that plagues certain reaches of the platform. The abuse was \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/15/502170396/twitter-adds-new-ways-to-mute-and-report-abusive-posts\">reportedly\u003c/a> one of the factors that dissuaded Salesforce from buying Twitter last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naturally, people used Twitter to criticize Twitter.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter says egg avatars were being associated w/harassment. Instead of working on harassment, they changed the avi,\" \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JillPantozzi/status/847852103448088576\">tweeted\u003c/a> Jill Pantozzi, a pop culture writer. \"This is like, a comedy at this point.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We hope this new default profile photo encourages more people to express themselves on Twitter!\" the company wrote in its post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not the trolls presumably. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Twitter+Drops+Its+Egg%2C+The+Unintended+Avatar+Of+Harassment&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The most expensive part of doing business in outer space is getting there. The private space flight company \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacex.com/\">SpaceX\u003c/a> thinks it can change all that, and Thursday's successful reuse of a rocket was a big test of its business model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SpaceX launched a communications satellite from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida using a rocket stage that had already been to space and back. SpaceX is betting that this kind of recycling will lower its costs and revolutionize space flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rocket landed vertically on a barge in the Atlantic Ocean a few minutes after the launch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11384029\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/25728668373_a8c62404ec_o-9fa0e12ffde48d82c09856aea5cec26f073a74c8-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The first stage from last year's launch landed vertically on a barge at sea.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11384029\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The first stage from last year's launch landed vertically on a barge at sea. \u003ccite>(SpaceX)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The aerospace industry essentially has been throwing away its hefty rockets. Partway into orbit, the big, expensive first stage falls off and plunges back to Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a unique business model within the transportation sector, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.colorado.edu/aerospace/bobby-braun\">Bobby Braun\u003c/a>, the dean of the College of Engineering and Science at the University of Colorado, Boulder. He says to see how strange it is, imagine flying from Denver to Washington, D.C.: \"When I got there, the airline wouldn't throw away that airplane and put me on a new one to bring me back a few days later,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Braun says there have been attempts to reuse rockets before, most notably the space shuttle, which could be relaunched multiple times. But he says the shuttle was a complex machine that was expensive to run. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It required a standing army of people to keep it operational,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"wXVE9sewnWF5fQ7cFFHmiDtDp7UnyHa5\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SpaceX founder Elon Musk thinks that reusing the much simpler stages from his Falcon 9 rockets will also save money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I try to tell my team to imagine that there was a pallet of cash that was plummeting through the atmosphere, and it was going to burn up and smash into tiny pieces, would you try to save it? Probably yes,\" \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/wsixsRI-Sz4?t=9m24s\">he told\u003c/a> attendees of last year's Code Conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That philosophy is why SpaceX rockets don't crash back to Earth. Instead, they come back and land vertically on a ship in the middle of the ocean (the rockets also can land at the launch site). The company's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/08/473572033/spacex-rocket-lands-safely-on-a-ship-at-sea-for-the-first-time\">first ocean landing\u003c/a> happened almost exactly a year ago, and Thursday it took that exact same rocket and launched it again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is indeed a first,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.inmarsat.com/news/inmarsat-announces-new-chief-technology-officer/\">Michele Franci\u003c/a>, the chief technology officer of Inmarsat, a London company that runs a satellite network for tracking ships and planes. Inmarsat is a SpaceX customer, and Franci says if launch costs come down, companies like his could launch more satellites, more often, and build a better network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he says that to really bring prices down, SpaceX will have to recycle each rocket more than just once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The question is how many times they can reuse each individual rocket, and how often they can do it,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=SpaceX+Reuses+A+Rocket+To+Launch+A+Satellite&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The most expensive part of doing business in outer space is getting there. The private space flight company \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacex.com/\">SpaceX\u003c/a> thinks it can change all that, and Thursday's successful reuse of a rocket was a big test of its business model.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SpaceX launched a communications satellite from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida using a rocket stage that had already been to space and back. SpaceX is betting that this kind of recycling will lower its costs and revolutionize space flight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rocket landed vertically on a barge in the Atlantic Ocean a few minutes after the launch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11384029\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/25728668373_a8c62404ec_o-9fa0e12ffde48d82c09856aea5cec26f073a74c8-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"The first stage from last year's launch landed vertically on a barge at sea.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11384029\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The first stage from last year's launch landed vertically on a barge at sea. \u003ccite>(SpaceX)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The aerospace industry essentially has been throwing away its hefty rockets. Partway into orbit, the big, expensive first stage falls off and plunges back to Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a unique business model within the transportation sector, says \u003ca href=\"http://www.colorado.edu/aerospace/bobby-braun\">Bobby Braun\u003c/a>, the dean of the College of Engineering and Science at the University of Colorado, Boulder. He says to see how strange it is, imagine flying from Denver to Washington, D.C.: \"When I got there, the airline wouldn't throw away that airplane and put me on a new one to bring me back a few days later,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Braun says there have been attempts to reuse rockets before, most notably the space shuttle, which could be relaunched multiple times. But he says the shuttle was a complex machine that was expensive to run. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It required a standing army of people to keep it operational,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SpaceX founder Elon Musk thinks that reusing the much simpler stages from his Falcon 9 rockets will also save money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I try to tell my team to imagine that there was a pallet of cash that was plummeting through the atmosphere, and it was going to burn up and smash into tiny pieces, would you try to save it? Probably yes,\" \u003ca href=\"https://youtu.be/wsixsRI-Sz4?t=9m24s\">he told\u003c/a> attendees of last year's Code Conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That philosophy is why SpaceX rockets don't crash back to Earth. Instead, they come back and land vertically on a ship in the middle of the ocean (the rockets also can land at the launch site). The company's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/04/08/473572033/spacex-rocket-lands-safely-on-a-ship-at-sea-for-the-first-time\">first ocean landing\u003c/a> happened almost exactly a year ago, and Thursday it took that exact same rocket and launched it again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is indeed a first,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.inmarsat.com/news/inmarsat-announces-new-chief-technology-officer/\">Michele Franci\u003c/a>, the chief technology officer of Inmarsat, a London company that runs a satellite network for tracking ships and planes. Inmarsat is a SpaceX customer, and Franci says if launch costs come down, companies like his could launch more satellites, more often, and build a better network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he says that to really bring prices down, SpaceX will have to recycle each rocket more than just once.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The question is how many times they can reuse each individual rocket, and how often they can do it,\" he says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=SpaceX+Reuses+A+Rocket+To+Launch+A+Satellite&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The long-anticipated \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/\">James Webb Space Telescope\u003c/a> is a few steps closer to launch, after being subjected to a series of rigorous \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2017/nasas-webb-telescope-ghostly-lights-out-inspection\">space-readiness tests\u003c/a> in the world’s largest “clean room” at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today NASA offered members of the public a peak into that giant chamber, and the preparations being made on what–if all goes well–will become the largest telescope ever sent into space. The Webb is scheduled for launch from French Guiana in October 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An international collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency, the James Webb Space Telescope is the successor to NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And anyone aware of \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/04/photogalleries/hubble/index.html\">Hubble’s scientific achievements\u003c/a> can imagine what Webb might open our eyes to. In its 27-year career, Hubble has probed invisible “\u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/news_release/news/2015-10/31-dark-matter\">dark matter\u003c/a>” in space, found \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1706/\">supermassive blackholes\u003c/a> in the cores of galaxies, defined the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/hubble_discoveries/breakthroughs/cosmology\">age of the cosmos\u003c/a>, glimpsed some of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/03/most-distant-galaxy-hubble-breaks-cosmic-distance-record\">most distant objects in space\u003c/a> and time…and the list goes on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble is a tough act to follow. So what’s different about Webb? The size!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510518\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1510518\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom.jpg\" alt=\"The James Webb Space Telescope with its 18-segment primary mirror fully assembled, in NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center's giant clean room in Greenbelt, Maryland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The James Webb Space Telescope with its 18-segment primary mirror fully assembled, in NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center’s giant clean room in Greenbelt, Maryland. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hubble’s primary light-collecting mirror has a diameter of 8 feet. Webb’s primary mirror, an array of 18 hexagonal sections of light-weight, gold-coated beryllium, measures over 21 feet across!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason for Hubble’s relatively small primary mirror is that the entire telescope had to fit inside the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle that carried it into orbit. If Webb’s much larger mirror were a single piece of material, getting it into space would be an almost insurmountable engineering challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Webb’s multi-mirror design allows the array to be “folded up” into a compact space. Once Webb arrives at its destination, the mirror sections will open up and fit together into a single functional mirror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeing the Universe in a Different Light\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble is a “visible light” telescope, observing light with wavelengths visible to the human eye. The source of visible light in the universe is primarily hot things, like stars—and by extension galaxies, which are composed of stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510523\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1510523\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-800x440.jpg\" alt=\"The Andromeda Galaxy revealed in visible light (lower left) and infrared light (top, lower right). Infrared reveals features produced by cooler objects and structures, such as dust and cooler gas clouds. \" width=\"800\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-800x440.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-160x88.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-768x422.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1020x561.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1920x1056.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1180x649.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-960x528.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-240x132.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-375x206.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-520x286.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Andromeda Galaxy revealed in visible light (lower left) and infrared light (top, lower right). Infrared reveals features produced by cooler objects and structures, such as dust and cooler gas clouds. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech/K. Gordon (U. of Arizona)/NOAO/Spitzer Space Telescope)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Webb is an \u003cem>infrared\u003c/em> telescope. Its suite of light detectors—cameras for capturing images, spectrometers for analyzing chemical composition—are sensitive to \u003ca href=\"http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/ir_tutorial/\">lower-energy infrared light\u003c/a>. So, Webb will observe emissions from cooler objects, like molecular clouds containing organic molecules, disks of material forming new planetary systems, and the atmospheres of distant extrasolar planets, to name only a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Location, Location, Location\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The venerable Hubble orbits the Earth, only 300 miles above our planet’s surface—so at any given moment, half of Hubble’s view of space is blocked by a huge, glaring planet. And since Hubble makes an orbit every 95 minutes, it can only observe a celestial object for less than an hour before its line of sight is blocked by the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will orbit the sun at a special location called \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/orbit.html\">Earth’s “L2” Lagrange point\u003c/a>, a million miles farther out. At the L2 point, the Earth and the sun work together to form a sort of gravitational “pocket” in which a spacecraft can remain almost stationary with very little assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will move along with the Earth as they both orbit the sun, like a balloon tethered to a running child, and not wander off to some distant place in the solar system. Since it’s not orbiting the Earth as Hubble does, Webb’s line of sight to celestial objects of interest won’t be routinely cut off—and at a million miles away, Earth doesn’t block much of the view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb is also equipped with a tennis-court-sized sun-shade, which will shield it not only from the Sun’s intense radiation, but also from the infrared emissions of the Earth and moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1510521\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield.jpg\" alt=\"The Webb's giant, multi-layered sunshield, which will block almost all of the radiation from the sun, moon, and Earth. \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Webb’s giant, multi-layered sunshield, which will block almost all of the radiation from the sun, moon, and Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Keeping Webb cool is critical to its ability to sense the faint infrared emanations from distant objects. If warmed by the sun, Webb’s own optics and sensors would glow with infrared light, thus seeing those faint objects would be difficult—like looking out a window on a nighttime scene from inside a brightly lit house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Will Webb Show Us?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble has observed some of the most \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/03/most-distant-galaxy-hubble-breaks-cosmic-distance-record\">distant galaxies in space\u003c/a>—and since it takes time for their light to travel to us, the farther away they are, the further back in time we see them. When we look at a galaxy that is a billion light years away, it is sort of like watching a video that was recorded a billion years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will see further back in time by observing infrared emissions of the gases that eventually formed the earliest galaxies, before their stars were born and began emitting visible light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closer to home, Webb will analyze confirmed \u003ca href=\"http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/\">extrasolar planets\u003c/a>—especially exoplanets similar to Earth in size and distance from their star. Recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-telescope-reveals-largest-batch-of-earth-size-habitable-zone-planets-around\">seven approximately Earth-sized planets\u003c/a> were confirmed orbiting the same star, only 40 light years from us. Three of these planets are at the right distance from their star, TRAPPIST-1, that liquid water could exist on their surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510520\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1510520\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-art-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of an exoplanet with possible surface water in the TRAPPIST-1 system, 40 light years from our solar system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of an exoplanet with possible surface water in the TRAPPIST-1 system, 40 light years from our solar system. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Webb will look for infrared emissions from exoplanet atmospheres—if present—and analyze their chemical compositions. If a planet has a liquid water cycle, then there should be water vapor present in its atmosphere. And, if it possesses life, there should be chemical telltales of its activity, such as molecular oxygen or methane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The James Webb Space Telescope still has a few tests to get through before it is certified space-worthy—just like an astronaut being examined by the doctor who will give them a thumbs-up to launch—but the cosmic revelations it may ultimately bring should be well worth the wait.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The long-anticipated \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/\">James Webb Space Telescope\u003c/a> is a few steps closer to launch, after being subjected to a series of rigorous \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2017/nasas-webb-telescope-ghostly-lights-out-inspection\">space-readiness tests\u003c/a> in the world’s largest “clean room” at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today NASA offered members of the public a peak into that giant chamber, and the preparations being made on what–if all goes well–will become the largest telescope ever sent into space. The Webb is scheduled for launch from French Guiana in October 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An international collaboration between NASA, the European Space Agency, and the Canadian Space Agency, the James Webb Space Telescope is the successor to NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And anyone aware of \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/04/photogalleries/hubble/index.html\">Hubble’s scientific achievements\u003c/a> can imagine what Webb might open our eyes to. In its 27-year career, Hubble has probed invisible “\u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/news_release/news/2015-10/31-dark-matter\">dark matter\u003c/a>” in space, found \u003ca href=\"http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1706/\">supermassive blackholes\u003c/a> in the cores of galaxies, defined the \u003ca href=\"http://hubblesite.org/hubble_discoveries/breakthroughs/cosmology\">age of the cosmos\u003c/a>, glimpsed some of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/03/most-distant-galaxy-hubble-breaks-cosmic-distance-record\">most distant objects in space\u003c/a> and time…and the list goes on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble is a tough act to follow. So what’s different about Webb? The size!\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510518\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1510518\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom.jpg\" alt=\"The James Webb Space Telescope with its 18-segment primary mirror fully assembled, in NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center's giant clean room in Greenbelt, Maryland.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-768x432.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-240x135.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-375x211.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/jwst-in-cleanroom-520x293.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The James Webb Space Telescope with its 18-segment primary mirror fully assembled, in NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center’s giant clean room in Greenbelt, Maryland. \u003ccite>(NASA)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hubble’s primary light-collecting mirror has a diameter of 8 feet. Webb’s primary mirror, an array of 18 hexagonal sections of light-weight, gold-coated beryllium, measures over 21 feet across!\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of the reason for Hubble’s relatively small primary mirror is that the entire telescope had to fit inside the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle that carried it into orbit. If Webb’s much larger mirror were a single piece of material, getting it into space would be an almost insurmountable engineering challenge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Webb’s multi-mirror design allows the array to be “folded up” into a compact space. Once Webb arrives at its destination, the mirror sections will open up and fit together into a single functional mirror.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Seeing the Universe in a Different Light\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble is a “visible light” telescope, observing light with wavelengths visible to the human eye. The source of visible light in the universe is primarily hot things, like stars—and by extension galaxies, which are composed of stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510523\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1510523\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-800x440.jpg\" alt=\"The Andromeda Galaxy revealed in visible light (lower left) and infrared light (top, lower right). Infrared reveals features produced by cooler objects and structures, such as dust and cooler gas clouds. \" width=\"800\" height=\"440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-800x440.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-160x88.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-768x422.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1020x561.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1920x1056.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-1180x649.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-960x528.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-240x132.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-375x206.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/m31red_spitzer_big-520x286.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Andromeda Galaxy revealed in visible light (lower left) and infrared light (top, lower right). Infrared reveals features produced by cooler objects and structures, such as dust and cooler gas clouds. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech/K. Gordon (U. of Arizona)/NOAO/Spitzer Space Telescope)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Webb is an \u003cem>infrared\u003c/em> telescope. Its suite of light detectors—cameras for capturing images, spectrometers for analyzing chemical composition—are sensitive to \u003ca href=\"http://coolcosmos.ipac.caltech.edu/cosmic_classroom/ir_tutorial/\">lower-energy infrared light\u003c/a>. So, Webb will observe emissions from cooler objects, like molecular clouds containing organic molecules, disks of material forming new planetary systems, and the atmospheres of distant extrasolar planets, to name only a few.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Location, Location, Location\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The venerable Hubble orbits the Earth, only 300 miles above our planet’s surface—so at any given moment, half of Hubble’s view of space is blocked by a huge, glaring planet. And since Hubble makes an orbit every 95 minutes, it can only observe a celestial object for less than an hour before its line of sight is blocked by the Earth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will orbit the sun at a special location called \u003ca href=\"https://jwst.nasa.gov/orbit.html\">Earth’s “L2” Lagrange point\u003c/a>, a million miles farther out. At the L2 point, the Earth and the sun work together to form a sort of gravitational “pocket” in which a spacecraft can remain almost stationary with very little assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will move along with the Earth as they both orbit the sun, like a balloon tethered to a running child, and not wander off to some distant place in the solar system. Since it’s not orbiting the Earth as Hubble does, Webb’s line of sight to celestial objects of interest won’t be routinely cut off—and at a million miles away, Earth doesn’t block much of the view.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb is also equipped with a tennis-court-sized sun-shade, which will shield it not only from the Sun’s intense radiation, but also from the infrared emissions of the Earth and moon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510521\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-1510521\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield.jpg\" alt=\"The Webb's giant, multi-layered sunshield, which will block almost all of the radiation from the sun, moon, and Earth. \" width=\"640\" height=\"426\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield.jpg 640w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/sunshield-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Webb’s giant, multi-layered sunshield, which will block almost all of the radiation from the sun, moon, and Earth. \u003ccite>(NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Keeping Webb cool is critical to its ability to sense the faint infrared emanations from distant objects. If warmed by the sun, Webb’s own optics and sensors would glow with infrared light, thus seeing those faint objects would be difficult—like looking out a window on a nighttime scene from inside a brightly lit house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What Will Webb Show Us?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hubble has observed some of the most \u003ca href=\"http://www.astronomy.com/news/2016/03/most-distant-galaxy-hubble-breaks-cosmic-distance-record\">distant galaxies in space\u003c/a>—and since it takes time for their light to travel to us, the farther away they are, the further back in time we see them. When we look at a galaxy that is a billion light years away, it is sort of like watching a video that was recorded a billion years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Webb will see further back in time by observing infrared emissions of the gases that eventually formed the earliest galaxies, before their stars were born and began emitting visible light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Closer to home, Webb will analyze confirmed \u003ca href=\"http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/\">extrasolar planets\u003c/a>—especially exoplanets similar to Earth in size and distance from their star. Recently, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/nasa-telescope-reveals-largest-batch-of-earth-size-habitable-zone-planets-around\">seven approximately Earth-sized planets\u003c/a> were confirmed orbiting the same star, only 40 light years from us. Three of these planets are at the right distance from their star, TRAPPIST-1, that liquid water could exist on their surfaces.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_1510520\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-1510520\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2017/03/trappist-1-art-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Artist concept of an exoplanet with possible surface water in the TRAPPIST-1 system, 40 light years from our solar system.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Artist concept of an exoplanet with possible surface water in the TRAPPIST-1 system, 40 light years from our solar system. \u003ccite>(NASA/JPL-CalTech)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Webb will look for infrared emissions from exoplanet atmospheres—if present—and analyze their chemical compositions. If a planet has a liquid water cycle, then there should be water vapor present in its atmosphere. And, if it possesses life, there should be chemical telltales of its activity, such as molecular oxygen or methane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>My family welcomed a baby girl in December. A few weeks before she was born, we noticed the baby store at the end of our block in Oakland was having a “going out of business” sale after 34 years in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we went in and asked why, the owner got straight to the point: Amazon. The store had competed with the online retailer for as long as it could and just couldn’t anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED is taking a multi-faceted look at online retailers. In some places, their huge distribution centers are creating much-needed jobs. In others, they’re putting mom-and-pop shops in a really tough spot. How are YOU experiencing this? Is it having an impact on your neighborhood and where you shop?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Please take a few minutes to answer some questions, it would sure be helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[MainStreet]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>My family welcomed a baby girl in December. A few weeks before she was born, we noticed the baby store at the end of our block in Oakland was having a “going out of business” sale after 34 years in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When we went in and asked why, the owner got straight to the point: Amazon. The store had competed with the online retailer for as long as it could and just couldn’t anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED is taking a multi-faceted look at online retailers. In some places, their huge distribution centers are creating much-needed jobs. In others, they’re putting mom-and-pop shops in a really tough spot. How are YOU experiencing this? Is it having an impact on your neighborhood and where you shop?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Please take a few minutes to answer some questions, it would sure be helpful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[MainStreet]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Howard University is opening Howard West at Google, an effort to pave the way to tech careers for more African-American computer science students. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This summer, 25 students from the \u003ca href=\"https://www2.howard.edu/\">historically black university\u003c/a>, which is based in Washington, D.C., will train at the tech giant’s headquarters in Mountain View. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Google, like the tech industry overall, is making slow progress toward hiring black engineers. Last fall, Google released its latest employee \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/diversity/\">diversity report\u003c/a>, detailing the gender and ethnicity of everyone it hired in 2015. While the number of black employees went up, they still represent only 2 percent of Google’s workforce.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the time, Google said it fell short of its diversity goal. With Howard West, Google believes it can meet that goal faster, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/bonitacstewart\">Bonita Stewart\u003c/a>, the company’s vice president of global partnerships.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We have the opportunity to be able to build a qualified pipeline of talent across the black community,” she said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The pipeline, or the pipeline problem, is an idea commonly held in Silicon Valley that there just aren’t enough blacks, Latinos and women with computer programming skills to fill jobs. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To build that pipeline, Howard West will bring 25 of its students to Google’s headquarters this summer. They’ll be mentored by Google engineers and get regular classroom instruction from Howard professors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Howard and Google plan to train 750 students over five years and will open the program to students from all historically black colleges and universities, or HBCUs. \u003ca href=\"https://www2.howard.edu/about/president\">Wayne Frederick\u003c/a>, Howard’s president, said the instruction is important.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“But I think just as important will be exposure to the culture here,” he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frederick heard from alums working in the industry, who said they felt Howard prepared them technically but not culturally to work in Silicon Valley. There’s the management style, which values collaboration over hierarchy, the importance of networking and how to dress.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>“\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So, for instance, I’m dressed in a suit and tie, and I haven’t seen anybody else in a suit and a tie,” he joked. “So that’s one example to just being exposed to that culture.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11371496\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11371496 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-800x1316.jpg\" alt=\"Bonita Stewart (L) is the Vice President of Global partnerships at Google. Wayne Frederick (R) is the president of Howard University.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1316\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-800x1316.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-160x263.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-1020x1678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-1180x1942.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-960x1580.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-240x395.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-375x617.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-520x856.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita.jpg 1199w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bonita Stewart (L) is the vice president of global partnerships at Google. Wayne Frederick (R) is the president of Howard University. \u003ccite>(Google)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.code2040.org/christian-simamora/\">Christian Simamora\u003c/a>, of \u003ca href=\"http://www.code2040.org/\">Code2040\u003c/a>, a nonprofit dedicated to increasing the number of blacks and Latinos in the tech sector, applauds the opening of Howard West, but he’s concerned that the narrative will become “there’s a pipeline problem.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We would hire more black engineers if we could find them,” Simamora said, mimicking a common refrain from tech companies. “The fact of the matter is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/26/upshot/dont-blame-recruiting-pipeline-for-lack-of-diversity-in-tech.html\">the talent is there\u003c/a>.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Simamora said about 18 percent of computer science majors in the U.S. identify as black or Latino, but they represent only 5 percent of the technology workforce. He said the problem is with recruitment.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>“\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many of the top tech companies aren’t even recruiting at the HBCUs — Howard, \u003ca href=\"http://www.spelman.edu/\">Spelman\u003c/a>. All these schools have CS programs,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So why aren’t big tech companies recruiting at HBCUs?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I can’t speak for those companies,” he said. “But what I find interesting is that tech disrupts; tech hiring does not disrupt. It does not question what came before it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Simamora said many tech companies continue to focus their recruitment efforts at a few schools, like Stanford, Harvard and MIT. Considering that, Simamora said the opening of Howard West at Google is disruptive and might force \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> tech industry to start acting differently.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Howard University is opening Howard West at Google, an effort to pave the way to tech careers for more African-American computer science students. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">This summer, 25 students from the \u003ca href=\"https://www2.howard.edu/\">historically black university\u003c/a>, which is based in Washington, D.C., will train at the tech giant’s headquarters in Mountain View. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Google, like the tech industry overall, is making slow progress toward hiring black engineers. Last fall, Google released its latest employee \u003ca href=\"https://www.google.com/diversity/\">diversity report\u003c/a>, detailing the gender and ethnicity of everyone it hired in 2015. While the number of black employees went up, they still represent only 2 percent of Google’s workforce.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At the time, Google said it fell short of its diversity goal. With Howard West, Google believes it can meet that goal faster, said \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/bonitacstewart\">Bonita Stewart\u003c/a>, the company’s vice president of global partnerships.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We have the opportunity to be able to build a qualified pipeline of talent across the black community,” she said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The pipeline, or the pipeline problem, is an idea commonly held in Silicon Valley that there just aren’t enough blacks, Latinos and women with computer programming skills to fill jobs. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">To build that pipeline, Howard West will bring 25 of its students to Google’s headquarters this summer. They’ll be mentored by Google engineers and get regular classroom instruction from Howard professors.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Howard and Google plan to train 750 students over five years and will open the program to students from all historically black colleges and universities, or HBCUs. \u003ca href=\"https://www2.howard.edu/about/president\">Wayne Frederick\u003c/a>, Howard’s president, said the instruction is important.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“But I think just as important will be exposure to the culture here,” he said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Frederick heard from alums working in the industry, who said they felt Howard prepared them technically but not culturally to work in Silicon Valley. There’s the management style, which values collaboration over hierarchy, the importance of networking and how to dress.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>“\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So, for instance, I’m dressed in a suit and tie, and I haven’t seen anybody else in a suit and a tie,” he joked. “So that’s one example to just being exposed to that culture.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11371496\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11371496 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-800x1316.jpg\" alt=\"Bonita Stewart (L) is the Vice President of Global partnerships at Google. Wayne Frederick (R) is the president of Howard University.\" width=\"800\" height=\"1316\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-800x1316.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-160x263.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-1020x1678.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-1180x1942.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-960x1580.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-240x395.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-375x617.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita-520x856.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/03/drfrederick_bonita.jpg 1199w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bonita Stewart (L) is the vice president of global partnerships at Google. Wayne Frederick (R) is the president of Howard University. \u003ccite>(Google)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003ca href=\"http://www.code2040.org/christian-simamora/\">Christian Simamora\u003c/a>, of \u003ca href=\"http://www.code2040.org/\">Code2040\u003c/a>, a nonprofit dedicated to increasing the number of blacks and Latinos in the tech sector, applauds the opening of Howard West, but he’s concerned that the narrative will become “there’s a pipeline problem.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“We would hire more black engineers if we could find them,” Simamora said, mimicking a common refrain from tech companies. “The fact of the matter is \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/26/upshot/dont-blame-recruiting-pipeline-for-lack-of-diversity-in-tech.html\">the talent is there\u003c/a>.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Simamora said about 18 percent of computer science majors in the U.S. identify as black or Latino, but they represent only 5 percent of the technology workforce. He said the problem is with recruitment.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>“\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Many of the top tech companies aren’t even recruiting at the HBCUs — Howard, \u003ca href=\"http://www.spelman.edu/\">Spelman\u003c/a>. All these schools have CS programs,” he said.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">So why aren’t big tech companies recruiting at HBCUs?\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“I can’t speak for those companies,” he said. “But what I find interesting is that tech disrupts; tech hiring does not disrupt. It does not question what came before it.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Simamora said many tech companies continue to focus their recruitment efforts at a few schools, like Stanford, Harvard and MIT. Considering that, Simamora said the opening of Howard West at Google is disruptive and might force \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">the\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> tech industry to start acting differently.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After less than a year as president of Uber, Jeff Jones is leaving the embattled ride-hailing company, Uber confirms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We want to thank Jeff for his six months at the company and wish him all the best,\" an Uber spokesperson says in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jones, previously Target's chief marketing officer, was brought on by CEO Travis Kalanick last fall to boost Uber's reputation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though Uber has long been known for its aggressiveness in taking on regulators, competitors and critics, the company has recently found itself entangled in a series of ugly controversies, ranging from sexual harassment \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/20/516260638/uber-will-investigate-sexual-harassment-claims-by-engineer\">allegations\u003c/a> to Kalanick's abrasive behavior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"hmQawdKBiAvdM1w7DsTqAJ5NB5RQcJaF\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/03/01/uber-ceo-travis-kalanick-argues-with-uber-black-driver/\">video surfaced\u003c/a> last month showing Kalanick arguing with an Uber driver, the CEO said he needed \"leadership help\" and announced his search for a new chief operating officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While that hunt appeared to threaten Jones' role as second in command to Kalanick, in a statement to \u003ca href=\"http://www.recode.net/2017/3/19/14976110/uber-president-jeff-jones-quits\">Recode\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>Jones simply says his leadership approach is \"inconsistent\" with what he saw happening at Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Uber CEO Travis Kalanick issued a note to staff: \"After we announced our intention to hire a COO, Jeff came to the tough decision that he doesn't see his future at Uber.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recode first reported Jones' departure on Sunday, initially citing sources that claimed Jones' departure was \"directly related\" to the company's amassing controversies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of recent scandals plague Uber, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>This month, the\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/03/technology/uber-greyball-program-evade-authorities.html\"> New York Times\u003c/a>\u003c/em> exposed Uber's secret \"Greyball\" program, established in 2014 to evade authorities worldwide in cities where the service has been banned. Uber later announced it will \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/an-update-on-greyballing/\">prohibit the use\u003c/a> of the program.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/20/516260638/uber-will-investigate-sexual-harassment-claims-by-engineer\">Last month\u003c/a>, former Uber employee Susan Fowler Rigetti published a blog post describing systemic sexism and sexual harassment in the workplace. The viral post prompted Uber to launch an independent investigation, led by former U.S. Attorney Gen. Eric Holder.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Earlier this year, a social media campaign encouraged consumers to #DeleteUber after CEO Travis \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/02/513133535/uber-ceo-leaves-business-council-after-criticism-from-trump-opponents\">Kalanick joined\u003c/a> President Trump's economic advisory council — he's since quit.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People accused Uber of trying to profit from Trump's immigration order and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Uber_NYC/status/825577611816468481?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">\"breaking strike\"\u003c/a> by lifting surcharge pricing for airport protesters in New York.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Jones joins a list of recent top executives to leave the company. Engineering executive \u003ca href=\"http://www.recode.net/2017/2/27/14745360/amit-singhal-google-uber\">Amit Singhal was asked to resign\u003c/a> after failing to disclose a sexual harassment claim from his previous job at Google. This month, Uber's vice president of product and growth, Ed Baker, stepped down, in addition to security researcher Charlie Miller's departure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Uber employees spoke with \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/02/14/technology/uber-corporate-culture/\">CNNTech\u003c/a> about the company's \"grueling\" work pace and work-life balance — or lack thereof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're going to leave, people do so within the first year because the pace isn't what they expected or what they're used to,\" said Neal Narayani, Uber's head of people analytics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Short-Lived+Tenure%2C+Uber+President+Quits+Amid+Company+Turmoil&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Jeff Jones cited conflicting leadership approaches upon leaving the company after just six months. Uber's CEO had recruited the marketing expert to bolster the ride-hailing giant's reputation.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While that hunt appeared to threaten Jones' role as second in command to Kalanick, in a statement to \u003ca href=\"http://www.recode.net/2017/3/19/14976110/uber-president-jeff-jones-quits\">Recode\u003c/a>\u003cem>, \u003c/em>Jones simply says his leadership approach is \"inconsistent\" with what he saw happening at Uber.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Uber CEO Travis Kalanick issued a note to staff: \"After we announced our intention to hire a COO, Jeff came to the tough decision that he doesn't see his future at Uber.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recode first reported Jones' departure on Sunday, initially citing sources that claimed Jones' departure was \"directly related\" to the company's amassing controversies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of recent scandals plague Uber, including:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>This month, the\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/03/technology/uber-greyball-program-evade-authorities.html\"> New York Times\u003c/a>\u003c/em> exposed Uber's secret \"Greyball\" program, established in 2014 to evade authorities worldwide in cities where the service has been banned. Uber later announced it will \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.uber.com/an-update-on-greyballing/\">prohibit the use\u003c/a> of the program.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/20/516260638/uber-will-investigate-sexual-harassment-claims-by-engineer\">Last month\u003c/a>, former Uber employee Susan Fowler Rigetti published a blog post describing systemic sexism and sexual harassment in the workplace. The viral post prompted Uber to launch an independent investigation, led by former U.S. Attorney Gen. Eric Holder.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>Earlier this year, a social media campaign encouraged consumers to #DeleteUber after CEO Travis \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/02/02/513133535/uber-ceo-leaves-business-council-after-criticism-from-trump-opponents\">Kalanick joined\u003c/a> President Trump's economic advisory council — he's since quit.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>People accused Uber of trying to profit from Trump's immigration order and \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/Uber_NYC/status/825577611816468481?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">\"breaking strike\"\u003c/a> by lifting surcharge pricing for airport protesters in New York.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Jones joins a list of recent top executives to leave the company. Engineering executive \u003ca href=\"http://www.recode.net/2017/2/27/14745360/amit-singhal-google-uber\">Amit Singhal was asked to resign\u003c/a> after failing to disclose a sexual harassment claim from his previous job at Google. This month, Uber's vice president of product and growth, Ed Baker, stepped down, in addition to security researcher Charlie Miller's departure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, Uber employees spoke with \u003ca href=\"http://money.cnn.com/2017/02/14/technology/uber-corporate-culture/\">CNNTech\u003c/a> about the company's \"grueling\" work pace and work-life balance — or lack thereof.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you're going to leave, people do so within the first year because the pace isn't what they expected or what they're used to,\" said Neal Narayani, Uber's head of people analytics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=After+Short-Lived+Tenure%2C+Uber+President+Quits+Amid+Company+Turmoil&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/BBC-World-Service-p455581/",
"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED The California Report",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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"amazon": "https://music.amazon.com/podcasts/26099305-72af-4542-9dde-ac1807fe36d5/kqed-s-the-california-report",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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},
"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
"title": "Freakonomics Radio",
"info": "Freakonomics Radio is a one-hour award-winning podcast and public-radio project hosted by Stephen Dubner, with co-author Steve Levitt as a regular guest. It is produced in partnership with WNYC.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/4s8b",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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}
},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
"title": "Fresh Air",
"info": "Hosted by Terry Gross, \u003cem>Fresh Air from WHYY\u003c/em> is the Peabody Award-winning weekday magazine of contemporary arts and issues. One of public radio's most popular programs, Fresh Air features intimate conversations with today's biggest luminaries.",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/381444908/podcast.xml"
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"here-and-now": {
"id": "here-and-now",
"title": "Here & Now",
"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/series/423302056/hidden-brain",
"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
"id": "how-i-built-this",
"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Masters-of-Scale-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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