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"content": "\u003cp>Zawadi Namagazuzyo was about 12 when she was forced to flee her native Congo. Her mother and many family members were dead. Her father wanted her to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was fighting, a lot of fighting,” she said, recalling how the two of them ended up at a refugee camp in Zambia. She grew up there for 13 years -- getting married, giving birth and always waiting to be resettled somewhere else in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then 10 months ago, Namagazuzyo and her family were resettled in San Diego County, where her father had been living for a few months. And under a brilliant sun on a recent Friday, she joined other refugees at a picnic to celebrate their graduation from a 12-week English intensive class. Drumming reverberated through the park, Congolese and Somali dishes were spread out alongside pizza -- and a red, white and blue cake anchored the dessert section.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I ask questions about the life in San Diego, about the rent, bills, electricity,” said Namagazuzyo, who was surprised to find so many fellow African immigrants in her new home. “We speak together the language, we are many in San Diego. I feel good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'They've had to flee some of the most horrific things human beings have to offer.'\u003ccite>David Murphy, International Rescue Committee\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For nearly a decade, no California county has received more refugees than San Diego County, followed by Los Angeles and Sacramento, according to state and federal data. A large number of refugees are assigned to San Diego because of its concentration of four resettlement agencies and the existence of several rooted immigrant communities already in the area. The trend dates back to the Vietnam War, when hundreds of thousands of Southeast Asians landed at Camp Pendleton for U.S. resettlement. Many stayed, helping make the area a beacon for people fleeing from violence, hunger and instability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Diego historically has been a very welcoming county,” said David Murphy, executive director of the International Rescue Committee there that resettled Namagazuzyo’s family and hosted the English class. “There is now a vibrant multicultural population living in San Diego.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a time when President Trump cites terrorism as justification to crack down on immigration -- the U.S. Supreme Court on Wednesday \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/19/us/politics/trump-travel-ban-supreme-court.html\">upheld\u003c/a>, for now, key provisions of his ban on refugees -- California lawmakers are working to extend the Golden State’s welcome to the world’s displaced people. Democratic legislators from counties with significant refugee populations are pushing bills to help with education and employment, and secured a $10 million budget \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB99\">allocation\u003c/a> to help refugee children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are a warm place and not just the weather but our hearts, and the legacy of that continues,” said Democratic Assemblyman Kevin McCarty of Sacramento, lead author of the refugee bills. “We welcome refugees who are escaping war and persecution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11591864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11591864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"Ramazani Ali leads refugees in a graduation dance at a San Diego park. His wife, Zawadi, is behind him in a yellow headscarf.\" width=\"800\" height=\"613\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-800x613.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-160x123.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-1180x904.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-960x736.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-240x184.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-375x287.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-520x398.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ramazani Ali leads refugees in a graduation dance at a San Diego park. His wife, Zawadi, is behind him in a yellow headscarf. \u003ccite>(Peggy Peattie/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trump’s current \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/03/06/executive-order-protecting-nation-foreign-terrorist-entry-united-states\">executive order\u003c/a> states that more than 300 people who entered the United States as refugees are currently under FBI counterterrorism investigation, and cites two examples of convictions -- including a Somali man brought to the U.S. as a child refugee and sentenced to 30 years in prison for his role in the plot to bomb a Christmas tree lighting ceremony in Portland, Oregon. It also would cut the number of refugees admitted this fiscal year from 110,000 to no more than 50,000, saying any more would be “detrimental” to the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear what that means for refugees from countries that the order singled out for a broader ban: Iran, Syria, Libya, Sudan, Yemen and Somalia. The U.S. Supreme Court will hear challenges to the order this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve had to flee some of the most horrific things human beings have to offer, they are escaping war, they are escaping terrorists, they are escaping ISIS, they have been vetted and now we are putting them through another merry-go-round of uncertainty,” Murphy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ZG3UCstOqgnLGmQ6OQ4oNOa9X0feli30\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year the U.S. admitted nearly 85,000 refugees. More than half went to just 10 states, including Texas and New York, but the largest group, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdss.ca.gov/Portals/9/Refugee/Arrivals/Arrivals2016_by_county.pdf?ver=2017-03-08-154727-590\">7,908 refugees\u003c/a>, settled in California, according to a Pew Research \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/06/just-10-states-resettled-more-than-half-of-recent-refugees-to-u-s/\">study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And 3,100 of those landed in San Diego County, along with another 520 military interpreters on special immigrant visas, who are also classified as refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the end of the Vietnam War, California has \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdss.ca.gov/Portals/9/Refugee/Arrivals/arrivals_by_county_and_year_since_1975.pdf?ver=2017-03-08-144555-390\">welcomed\u003c/a> 732,000 refugees, according to state data. During that time, San Diego resettled more than 85,000 refugees -- roughly equal to the entire population of cities such as Chico or Newport Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11591866\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11591866\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-800x524.jpg\" alt=\"Mazani Ali, age 2, takes to the drums at a picnic in San Diego, home to the state’s largest cluster of refugees.\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-800x524.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-1020x668.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-1180x773.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-960x629.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-240x157.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-375x246.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-520x340.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mazani Ali, age 2, takes to the drums at a picnic in San Diego, home to the state’s largest cluster of refugees. \u003ccite>(Peggy Peattie/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You see it, hear it and feel it as you walk the streets of the City Heights neighborhood east of downtown San Diego, where shoppers throng Somali, Ethiopian and assorted Asian restaurants and a cacophony of languages ricochets in the air. In the nearby city of El Cajon, where Arabic speakers do a brisk business in shops along Main Street, Iraqi Christians known as Chaldeans number an estimated 60,000. Many arrived as refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Diego has the fault of having the best weather in the world,” said Bishop Bawai Soro of St. Peter Chaldean Catholic Church, which is now looking for a third location in which to hold its overflow services. Soro himself arrived in Chicago as a refugee 40 years ago, and today he ministers to the infusion of Iraqi refugees in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wars that took place in Iraq didn’t just destroy buildings and bridges and infrastructure -- they destroyed the human soul as well,” he said. “These Iraqis are the luckiest people in the world because they came to America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/history-of-unhcr.html\">United Nations High Commission\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/history-of-unhcr.html\">er\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/history-of-unhcr.html\">for \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/history-of-unhcr.html\">Refugees\u003c/a> defines a refugee as someone who has “been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war, or violence.” The U.S. government further defines a refugee as someone who may “face persecution based on religion, political opinion, race, nationality or membership in a particular social group.” As a result, waves of refugees tend to reflect global conflict zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once refugees have \u003ca href=\"https://www.state.gov/j/prm/releases/factsheets/2017/266447.htm\">applied\u003c/a> for refugee status from the U.N., the agency, the U.S. Embassy or other nongovernmental agencies may refer refugees for resettlement in the U.S. That referral kicks off an application process that can take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average wait time in a refugee camp is 17 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://infogram.com/top_10_refugee_receiving_states\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When considering a refugee, the U.S. conducts one of the most \u003ca href=\"https://www.state.gov/j/prm/releases/factsheets/2017/266447.htm\">rigorous\u003c/a> vetting processes of any person allowed into the country, according to the U.S. Department of State. Accepted refugees have little say about to which state or county they will be sent. Two factors play a role: if a refugee has family members in a certain locale, and if a large community of refugees from the same country has already settled in a given area. The idea, Murphy said, is to provide a home where refugees will find support and a network to help them settle in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two-thirds of refugees, he said, do have some sort of family connection in the States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refugees enter the U.S. on refugee status and after a year they must apply to become a legal permanent resident, which grants them a green card. After five years in the U.S. they can apply for citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Diego, the majority of recent refugees are from Iraq and Afghanistan, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdrefugeeforum.org/\">San Diego Refugee Forum\u003c/a>, a collaboration between the four resettlement agencies in the county -- IRC, Catholic Charities, Jewish Family Services, and the Alliance for African Assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want California to put out the welcome mat for refugees, many of whom assisted our military as interpreters overseas, to help them normalize their lives and be more productive members of our communities,” said Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez Fletcher, a Democrat from San Diego and co-author of the refugee bills currently being considered in the state Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://infogram.com/refugees_resettled_in_california\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislators have claimed one victory already -- the final state budget approved in June allocates $10 million to be used over three years for high-refugee-population school districts to help support and integrate refugee children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of these kids come from heartbreaking and extreme trauma-filled circumstances,” said McCarty, the assemblyman from Sacramento. “Certainly counseling and mental health support is critical, and most school districts need extra translation services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government funds the bulk of refugee costs, funneled through resettlement agencies. This year $37 million of that came to California. The funds pay for initial housing costs and then provide cash aid for the refugees for about 90 days, until refugees must begin paying their own expenses. Refugees are required to pay back the organization that transports them for the travel expenses incurred in getting them to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"JmdlcvLRQllU5KDDnJV9jw1oap43B23x\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, refugees may receive help from programs such as CalWORKs (cash and food assistance) and Medi-Cal (health care) that are funded by both the state and the federal government, according to the state Social Services Department. The agency does not keep data specifically on what those costs are for this group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB343\">bills\u003c/a> would allow refugees and special immigrant visa holders to pay in-state tuition rates upon arrival at public colleges. No one voted against it in the Assembly, although 15 members skipped the vote, and it’s now before the Senate Appropriations Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB349\">proposal\u003c/a> would allow special immigrant visa holders who pass certain tests to move to the top of hiring lists for particular government jobs. It’s on hold until next year, McCarty says, while sponsors work out details. Among opponents: the Service Employees International Union Local 1000, which complained that it went too far by offering refugees special consideration otherwise reserved exclusively for U.S. veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics, such as the organization \u003ca href=\"https://refugeeresettlementwatch.wordpress.com/\">Refugee Resettlement Watch\u003c/a>, insist the program disregards the impact refugees have on U.S. natural resources. They also contend that it’s wrong for the U.S. to welcome refugees that will provide cheap labor for certain industries and end up receiving welfare and other taxpayer-funded aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11591879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11591879\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-800x516.jpg\" alt=\"In the community garden down the street from the International Rescue Committee, Idzai Mubaiwa, originally from Zimbabwe, harvests collard greens, batching them for sale the following day at a street market. \" width=\"800\" height=\"516\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-800x516.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-160x103.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-1020x658.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-1180x761.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-960x619.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-240x155.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-375x242.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-520x335.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the community garden down the street from the International Rescue Committee, Idzai Mubaiwa, originally from Zimbabwe, harvests collard greens, batching them for sale the following day at a street market. \u003ccite>(Peggy Peattie/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When refugees arrive in the U.S., resettlement agencies work with them for an intense 90 days to help them find jobs, open bank accounts, register their children for school and set up their lives. After that, the agencies offer other services that refugees can apply for, such as auto and business loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in City Heights at IRC’s New Roots Community Garden, where mainly refugees tend some 95 plots, the greenhouses are filled with edibles rustling in the breeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Idzai Mubaiwa, 51, stretches her arms out over her three lush plots, bursting with kale, collard greens and sugar cane stalks. She arrived in San Diego 15 years ago from Zimbabwe, and remembers being the newbie absorbing the cultural shocks of American life, such as how children don’t have to wear school uniforms. Now her daughters are graduates of or are in college -- one on a scholarship at Vassar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The moment I got this garden it was gold for me. It just brings me close to home,” she said. “It made a huge difference because this is part of my income, it helps me sustain my family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She grows corn as her family’s chief food source, but the rest of the rows she plants to sell at local farmers markets under the name African Sisters Produce. She picked up on what people are looking for. Kale has been hot. And that’s why this year she’s finally trying her green thumb on a California staple: strawberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>CALmatters.org is a nonprofit, nonpartisan media venture explaining California policies and politics.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Since the Vietnam War, the city has resettled over 85,000 refugees -- roughly equal to the entire population of cities such as Chico or Newport Beach.",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/articles/author/elizabeth-aguilera/\">Elizabeth Aguilera\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Zawadi Namagazuzyo was about 12 when she was forced to flee her native Congo. Her mother and many family members were dead. Her father wanted her to live.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There was fighting, a lot of fighting,” she said, recalling how the two of them ended up at a refugee camp in Zambia. She grew up there for 13 years -- getting married, giving birth and always waiting to be resettled somewhere else in the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then 10 months ago, Namagazuzyo and her family were resettled in San Diego County, where her father had been living for a few months. And under a brilliant sun on a recent Friday, she joined other refugees at a picnic to celebrate their graduation from a 12-week English intensive class. Drumming reverberated through the park, Congolese and Somali dishes were spread out alongside pizza -- and a red, white and blue cake anchored the dessert section.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I ask questions about the life in San Diego, about the rent, bills, electricity,” said Namagazuzyo, who was surprised to find so many fellow African immigrants in her new home. “We speak together the language, we are many in San Diego. I feel good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'They've had to flee some of the most horrific things human beings have to offer.'\u003ccite>David Murphy, International Rescue Committee\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>For nearly a decade, no California county has received more refugees than San Diego County, followed by Los Angeles and Sacramento, according to state and federal data. A large number of refugees are assigned to San Diego because of its concentration of four resettlement agencies and the existence of several rooted immigrant communities already in the area. The trend dates back to the Vietnam War, when hundreds of thousands of Southeast Asians landed at Camp Pendleton for U.S. resettlement. Many stayed, helping make the area a beacon for people fleeing from violence, hunger and instability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Diego historically has been a very welcoming county,” said David Murphy, executive director of the International Rescue Committee there that resettled Namagazuzyo’s family and hosted the English class. “There is now a vibrant multicultural population living in San Diego.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a time when President Trump cites terrorism as justification to crack down on immigration -- the U.S. Supreme Court on Wednesday \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2017/07/19/us/politics/trump-travel-ban-supreme-court.html\">upheld\u003c/a>, for now, key provisions of his ban on refugees -- California lawmakers are working to extend the Golden State’s welcome to the world’s displaced people. Democratic legislators from counties with significant refugee populations are pushing bills to help with education and employment, and secured a $10 million budget \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB99\">allocation\u003c/a> to help refugee children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are a warm place and not just the weather but our hearts, and the legacy of that continues,” said Democratic Assemblyman Kevin McCarty of Sacramento, lead author of the refugee bills. “We welcome refugees who are escaping war and persecution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11591864\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11591864\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-800x613.jpg\" alt=\"Ramazani Ali leads refugees in a graduation dance at a San Diego park. His wife, Zawadi, is behind him in a yellow headscarf.\" width=\"800\" height=\"613\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-800x613.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-160x123.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-1020x781.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-1180x904.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-960x736.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-240x184.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-375x287.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RefugeesDance-520x398.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ramazani Ali leads refugees in a graduation dance at a San Diego park. His wife, Zawadi, is behind him in a yellow headscarf. \u003ccite>(Peggy Peattie/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trump’s current \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2017/03/06/executive-order-protecting-nation-foreign-terrorist-entry-united-states\">executive order\u003c/a> states that more than 300 people who entered the United States as refugees are currently under FBI counterterrorism investigation, and cites two examples of convictions -- including a Somali man brought to the U.S. as a child refugee and sentenced to 30 years in prison for his role in the plot to bomb a Christmas tree lighting ceremony in Portland, Oregon. It also would cut the number of refugees admitted this fiscal year from 110,000 to no more than 50,000, saying any more would be “detrimental” to the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s unclear what that means for refugees from countries that the order singled out for a broader ban: Iran, Syria, Libya, Sudan, Yemen and Somalia. The U.S. Supreme Court will hear challenges to the order this fall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’ve had to flee some of the most horrific things human beings have to offer, they are escaping war, they are escaping terrorists, they are escaping ISIS, they have been vetted and now we are putting them through another merry-go-round of uncertainty,” Murphy said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year the U.S. admitted nearly 85,000 refugees. More than half went to just 10 states, including Texas and New York, but the largest group, \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdss.ca.gov/Portals/9/Refugee/Arrivals/Arrivals2016_by_county.pdf?ver=2017-03-08-154727-590\">7,908 refugees\u003c/a>, settled in California, according to a Pew Research \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2016/12/06/just-10-states-resettled-more-than-half-of-recent-refugees-to-u-s/\">study\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And 3,100 of those landed in San Diego County, along with another 520 military interpreters on special immigrant visas, who are also classified as refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the end of the Vietnam War, California has \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdss.ca.gov/Portals/9/Refugee/Arrivals/arrivals_by_county_and_year_since_1975.pdf?ver=2017-03-08-144555-390\">welcomed\u003c/a> 732,000 refugees, according to state data. During that time, San Diego resettled more than 85,000 refugees -- roughly equal to the entire population of cities such as Chico or Newport Beach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11591866\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11591866\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-800x524.jpg\" alt=\"Mazani Ali, age 2, takes to the drums at a picnic in San Diego, home to the state’s largest cluster of refugees.\" width=\"800\" height=\"524\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-800x524.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-160x105.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-1020x668.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-1180x773.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-960x629.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-240x157.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-375x246.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/BoyDrum-520x340.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mazani Ali, age 2, takes to the drums at a picnic in San Diego, home to the state’s largest cluster of refugees. \u003ccite>(Peggy Peattie/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>You see it, hear it and feel it as you walk the streets of the City Heights neighborhood east of downtown San Diego, where shoppers throng Somali, Ethiopian and assorted Asian restaurants and a cacophony of languages ricochets in the air. In the nearby city of El Cajon, where Arabic speakers do a brisk business in shops along Main Street, Iraqi Christians known as Chaldeans number an estimated 60,000. Many arrived as refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“San Diego has the fault of having the best weather in the world,” said Bishop Bawai Soro of St. Peter Chaldean Catholic Church, which is now looking for a third location in which to hold its overflow services. Soro himself arrived in Chicago as a refugee 40 years ago, and today he ministers to the infusion of Iraqi refugees in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The wars that took place in Iraq didn’t just destroy buildings and bridges and infrastructure -- they destroyed the human soul as well,” he said. “These Iraqis are the luckiest people in the world because they came to America.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The office of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/history-of-unhcr.html\">United Nations High Commission\u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/history-of-unhcr.html\">er\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/history-of-unhcr.html\">for \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://www.unhcr.org/en-us/history-of-unhcr.html\">Refugees\u003c/a> defines a refugee as someone who has “been forced to flee his or her country because of persecution, war, or violence.” The U.S. government further defines a refugee as someone who may “face persecution based on religion, political opinion, race, nationality or membership in a particular social group.” As a result, waves of refugees tend to reflect global conflict zones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once refugees have \u003ca href=\"https://www.state.gov/j/prm/releases/factsheets/2017/266447.htm\">applied\u003c/a> for refugee status from the U.N., the agency, the U.S. Embassy or other nongovernmental agencies may refer refugees for resettlement in the U.S. That referral kicks off an application process that can take years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average wait time in a refugee camp is 17 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://infogram.com/top_10_refugee_receiving_states\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When considering a refugee, the U.S. conducts one of the most \u003ca href=\"https://www.state.gov/j/prm/releases/factsheets/2017/266447.htm\">rigorous\u003c/a> vetting processes of any person allowed into the country, according to the U.S. Department of State. Accepted refugees have little say about to which state or county they will be sent. Two factors play a role: if a refugee has family members in a certain locale, and if a large community of refugees from the same country has already settled in a given area. The idea, Murphy said, is to provide a home where refugees will find support and a network to help them settle in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than two-thirds of refugees, he said, do have some sort of family connection in the States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Refugees enter the U.S. on refugee status and after a year they must apply to become a legal permanent resident, which grants them a green card. After five years in the U.S. they can apply for citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Diego, the majority of recent refugees are from Iraq and Afghanistan, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdrefugeeforum.org/\">San Diego Refugee Forum\u003c/a>, a collaboration between the four resettlement agencies in the county -- IRC, Catholic Charities, Jewish Family Services, and the Alliance for African Assistance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want California to put out the welcome mat for refugees, many of whom assisted our military as interpreters overseas, to help them normalize their lives and be more productive members of our communities,” said Assemblywoman Lorena Gonzalez Fletcher, a Democrat from San Diego and co-author of the refugee bills currently being considered in the state Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://infogram.com/refugees_resettled_in_california\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislators have claimed one victory already -- the final state budget approved in June allocates $10 million to be used over three years for high-refugee-population school districts to help support and integrate refugee children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of these kids come from heartbreaking and extreme trauma-filled circumstances,” said McCarty, the assemblyman from Sacramento. “Certainly counseling and mental health support is critical, and most school districts need extra translation services.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government funds the bulk of refugee costs, funneled through resettlement agencies. This year $37 million of that came to California. The funds pay for initial housing costs and then provide cash aid for the refugees for about 90 days, until refugees must begin paying their own expenses. Refugees are required to pay back the organization that transports them for the travel expenses incurred in getting them to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, refugees may receive help from programs such as CalWORKs (cash and food assistance) and Medi-Cal (health care) that are funded by both the state and the federal government, according to the state Social Services Department. The agency does not keep data specifically on what those costs are for this group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB343\">bills\u003c/a> would allow refugees and special immigrant visa holders to pay in-state tuition rates upon arrival at public colleges. No one voted against it in the Assembly, although 15 members skipped the vote, and it’s now before the Senate Appropriations Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB349\">proposal\u003c/a> would allow special immigrant visa holders who pass certain tests to move to the top of hiring lists for particular government jobs. It’s on hold until next year, McCarty says, while sponsors work out details. Among opponents: the Service Employees International Union Local 1000, which complained that it went too far by offering refugees special consideration otherwise reserved exclusively for U.S. veterans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics, such as the organization \u003ca href=\"https://refugeeresettlementwatch.wordpress.com/\">Refugee Resettlement Watch\u003c/a>, insist the program disregards the impact refugees have on U.S. natural resources. They also contend that it’s wrong for the U.S. to welcome refugees that will provide cheap labor for certain industries and end up receiving welfare and other taxpayer-funded aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11591879\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11591879\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-800x516.jpg\" alt=\"In the community garden down the street from the International Rescue Committee, Idzai Mubaiwa, originally from Zimbabwe, harvests collard greens, batching them for sale the following day at a street market. \" width=\"800\" height=\"516\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-800x516.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-160x103.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-1020x658.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-1180x761.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-960x619.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-240x155.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-375x242.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/PickingGreesRefugees-520x335.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In the community garden down the street from the International Rescue Committee, Idzai Mubaiwa, originally from Zimbabwe, harvests collard greens, batching them for sale the following day at a street market. \u003ccite>(Peggy Peattie/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>When refugees arrive in the U.S., resettlement agencies work with them for an intense 90 days to help them find jobs, open bank accounts, register their children for school and set up their lives. After that, the agencies offer other services that refugees can apply for, such as auto and business loans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back in City Heights at IRC’s New Roots Community Garden, where mainly refugees tend some 95 plots, the greenhouses are filled with edibles rustling in the breeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Idzai Mubaiwa, 51, stretches her arms out over her three lush plots, bursting with kale, collard greens and sugar cane stalks. She arrived in San Diego 15 years ago from Zimbabwe, and remembers being the newbie absorbing the cultural shocks of American life, such as how children don’t have to wear school uniforms. Now her daughters are graduates of or are in college -- one on a scholarship at Vassar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The moment I got this garden it was gold for me. It just brings me close to home,” she said. “It made a huge difference because this is part of my income, it helps me sustain my family.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She grows corn as her family’s chief food source, but the rest of the rows she plants to sell at local farmers markets under the name African Sisters Produce. She picked up on what people are looking for. Kale has been hot. And that’s why this year she’s finally trying her green thumb on a California staple: strawberries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "california-urges-trump-to-affirm-american-values-keep-daca",
"title": "California Urges Trump To 'Affirm American Values,' Keep DACA",
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"headTitle": "California Urges Trump To ‘Affirm American Values,’ Keep DACA | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Citing concern for the nearly 800,000 young immigrants who have been granted protections under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, California Attorney General Xavier Becerra and 19 of his colleagues are asking President Trump to keep the program running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press_releases/7-21-17%20%20Letter%20from%20State%20AGs%20to%20President%20Trump%20re%20DACA.final_.pdf\">a letter to the president\u003c/a>, Becerra and the other attorneys general are urging Trump to refuse a request from Texas and nine other states that wrote to Attorney General Jeff Sessions, asking the Trump administration to rescind DACA, which was established by President Barack Obama in a June 15, 2012, memorandum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the state officials say, the president should defend the program that benefits “Dreamers” — people brought to the U.S. illegally as children — by providing a legal framework for them to live and work in the country. More than 200,000 DACA grantees live in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra wrote to Trump:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“You have repeatedly expressed your support for Dreamers. Today, we join together to urge you not to capitulate to the demands Texas and nine other states set forth in their June 29, 2017, letter to Attorney General Jeff Sessions. That letter demands, under threat of litigation, that your Administration end the DACA initiative. The arguments set forth in that letter are wrong as a matter of law and policy.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In that \u003ca href=\"https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/files/epress/DACA_letter_6_29_2017.pdf?cachebuster:5\">June 29 letter\u003c/a>, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton said the DACA program is unlawful, writing that it “covers over one million otherwise unlawfully present aliens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paxton and his allies from Tennessee, Louisiana and other states sent the letter after Trump made headlines by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/16/533255575/trump-allows-dreamers-to-stay-removes-protections-for-parents\">reversing himself on a campaign promise\u003c/a> to dismantle DACA. In June, the Department of Homeland Security revoked DAPA — the similar Obama-era program that protected the parents of U.S. citizens and legal residents — but the agency left DACA intact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to take care of everybody,” Trump told ABC at the time. “But I will tell you, we’re looking at this, the whole immigration situation, we’re looking at it with great heart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the letter Becerra sent to the White House on Friday, he wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Mr. President, now is the time to affirm the commitment you made, both to the ‘incredible kids’ who benefit from DACA and to their families and our communities, to handle this issue ‘with heart.’ You said Dreamers should ‘rest easy.’ We urge you to affirm America’s values and tradition as a nation of immigrants and make clear that you will not only continue DACA, but that you will defend it.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Becerra was joined by attorneys general from Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, Vermont, Washington and Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11579539\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11579539\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"California Attorney General Xavier Becerra spoke to journalists in Sacramento on May 15, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Attorney General Xavier Becerra spoke to journalists in Sacramento on May 15, 2017. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The issue is also the subject of new legislation on Capitol Hill. On Thursday, the bipartisan “Dream Act” was \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/immigration/durbin-graham-file-dream-act-hoping-to-ward-off-legal-challenge-to-daca/2017/07/20/19ade326-6cd4-11e7-b9e2-2056e768a7e5_story.html?utm_term=.7e0eab467776\">introduced in the Senate\u003c/a> by Sen. Richard Durbin, D-Ill., and Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., who want to offer a path to permanent legal status to people who arrived in the U.S. as children, can pass a background check, and otherwise fit the DACA criteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graham also said he’s unsure how a federal court might rule on the legal challenge to the president’s power to grant legal residency to hundreds of thousands of immigrants. But, he said, “These DACA kids have come out of the shadows at the invitation of their government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saying those young people deserve to be treated fairly, Graham added, “If you told them to go back home, they would go to where they were raised. They’re no more connected with a foreign country than I am.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "\"You have repeatedly expressed your support for Dreamers. Today, we join together to urge you not to capitulate,\" California AG Xavier Becerra tells President Trump.",
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"title": "California Urges Trump To 'Affirm American Values,' Keep DACA | KQED",
"description": ""You have repeatedly expressed your support for Dreamers. Today, we join together to urge you not to capitulate," California AG Xavier Becerra tells President Trump.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Citing concern for the nearly 800,000 young immigrants who have been granted protections under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program, California Attorney General Xavier Becerra and 19 of his colleagues are asking President Trump to keep the program running.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/attachments/press_releases/7-21-17%20%20Letter%20from%20State%20AGs%20to%20President%20Trump%20re%20DACA.final_.pdf\">a letter to the president\u003c/a>, Becerra and the other attorneys general are urging Trump to refuse a request from Texas and nine other states that wrote to Attorney General Jeff Sessions, asking the Trump administration to rescind DACA, which was established by President Barack Obama in a June 15, 2012, memorandum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the state officials say, the president should defend the program that benefits “Dreamers” — people brought to the U.S. illegally as children — by providing a legal framework for them to live and work in the country. More than 200,000 DACA grantees live in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Becerra wrote to Trump:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“You have repeatedly expressed your support for Dreamers. Today, we join together to urge you not to capitulate to the demands Texas and nine other states set forth in their June 29, 2017, letter to Attorney General Jeff Sessions. That letter demands, under threat of litigation, that your Administration end the DACA initiative. The arguments set forth in that letter are wrong as a matter of law and policy.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In that \u003ca href=\"https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/files/epress/DACA_letter_6_29_2017.pdf?cachebuster:5\">June 29 letter\u003c/a>, Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton said the DACA program is unlawful, writing that it “covers over one million otherwise unlawfully present aliens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paxton and his allies from Tennessee, Louisiana and other states sent the letter after Trump made headlines by \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/06/16/533255575/trump-allows-dreamers-to-stay-removes-protections-for-parents\">reversing himself on a campaign promise\u003c/a> to dismantle DACA. In June, the Department of Homeland Security revoked DAPA — the similar Obama-era program that protected the parents of U.S. citizens and legal residents — but the agency left DACA intact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re going to take care of everybody,” Trump told ABC at the time. “But I will tell you, we’re looking at this, the whole immigration situation, we’re looking at it with great heart.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the letter Becerra sent to the White House on Friday, he wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Mr. President, now is the time to affirm the commitment you made, both to the ‘incredible kids’ who benefit from DACA and to their families and our communities, to handle this issue ‘with heart.’ You said Dreamers should ‘rest easy.’ We urge you to affirm America’s values and tradition as a nation of immigrants and make clear that you will not only continue DACA, but that you will defend it.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Becerra was joined by attorneys general from Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia, Vermont, Washington and Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11579539\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11579539\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"California Attorney General Xavier Becerra spoke to journalists in Sacramento on May 15, 2017.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25430_20170515_StateCapitol_AG_XavierBecerra_credit_BertJohnson-3-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">California Attorney General Xavier Becerra spoke to journalists in Sacramento on May 15, 2017. \u003ccite>(Bert Johnson/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The issue is also the subject of new legislation on Capitol Hill. On Thursday, the bipartisan “Dream Act” was \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/immigration/durbin-graham-file-dream-act-hoping-to-ward-off-legal-challenge-to-daca/2017/07/20/19ade326-6cd4-11e7-b9e2-2056e768a7e5_story.html?utm_term=.7e0eab467776\">introduced in the Senate\u003c/a> by Sen. Richard Durbin, D-Ill., and Sen. Lindsey Graham, R-S.C., who want to offer a path to permanent legal status to people who arrived in the U.S. as children, can pass a background check, and otherwise fit the DACA criteria.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Graham also said he’s unsure how a federal court might rule on the legal challenge to the president’s power to grant legal residency to hundreds of thousands of immigrants. But, he said, “These DACA kids have come out of the shadows at the invitation of their government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saying those young people deserve to be treated fairly, Graham added, “If you told them to go back home, they would go to where they were raised. They’re no more connected with a foreign country than I am.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Supreme Court Upholds 'Grandparent' Exemption to Trump Travel Ban",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/courtorders/071917zr_o7jp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">has upheld parts\u003c/a> of a lower court order that widened the definition of which citizens from the six Muslim-majority countries covered by the Trump administration's travel ban are still eligible to travel to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order leaves in place the action of a U.S. District Court judge in Hawaii who broadened the definition of close family to include categories such as the grandparents and cousins of a person in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the Supreme Court blocked another part of the lower court order, which said that citizens with formal assurances from a U.S. refugee resettlement agency are eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the travel ban was introduced, defining which citizens from the six countries are exempted has been redefined multiple times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/26/533934989/supreme-court-will-hear-cases-on-president-trumps-travel-ban\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">as we reported\u003c/a>, the Supreme Court ruled that parts of the Trump administration's ban can take effect while the justices prepare to hear oral arguments on the case later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the court said travelers from the six countries -- Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen -- can be exempted from the ban if they have a \"bona fide relationship\" with a person in the U.S., including close family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal question here is centered on how to define a \"bona fide relationship.\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/07/14/537159288/hawaii-judge-exempts-grandparents-and-other-relatives-from-trump-travel-ban\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">As we reported\u003c/a>, the Trump administration argued that assurances from a refugee agency are \"not sufficient\" to constitute this relationship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the judge in Hawaii rejected this argument. \"An assurance from a United States refugee resettlement agency, in fact, meets each of the Supreme Court's touchstones: it is formal, it is a documented contract, it is binding, it triggers responsibilities and obligations,\" federal District Court Judge Derrick Watson wrote. \"Bona fide does not get any more bona fide than that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court justices, however, stayed that portion of the Hawaii judge's order, without elaborating. It sent the case back to the 9th Circuit for a ruling. The Trump administration had asked the high court to settle the dispute, leapfrogging the 9th Circuit, which the justices denied without comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order said that Justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito and Neil Gorsuch would have stayed the entire lower court order, including the broadening of close family categories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naureen Shah, Amnesty International USA senior director of campaigns, stated that today's order \"jeopardizes the safety of thousands of people across the world, including vulnerable families fleeing war and violence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/07/17/537764480/grandparents-eligible-for-visas-under-expanded-instructions-on-travel-ban\">the State Department released\u003c/a> new instructions to U.S. embassies and consulates, instructing them to implement the Hawaii court's order expanding the definition of close family to include grandparents, grandchildren, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, aunts and uncles, nephews and nieces, and cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/courtorders/071917zr_o7jp.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">has upheld parts\u003c/a> of a lower court order that widened the definition of which citizens from the six Muslim-majority countries covered by the Trump administration's travel ban are still eligible to travel to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order leaves in place the action of a U.S. District Court judge in Hawaii who broadened the definition of close family to include categories such as the grandparents and cousins of a person in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the Supreme Court blocked another part of the lower court order, which said that citizens with formal assurances from a U.S. refugee resettlement agency are eligible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the travel ban was introduced, defining which citizens from the six countries are exempted has been redefined multiple times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last month, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/06/26/533934989/supreme-court-will-hear-cases-on-president-trumps-travel-ban\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">as we reported\u003c/a>, the Supreme Court ruled that parts of the Trump administration's ban can take effect while the justices prepare to hear oral arguments on the case later this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the court said travelers from the six countries -- Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen -- can be exempted from the ban if they have a \"bona fide relationship\" with a person in the U.S., including close family members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legal question here is centered on how to define a \"bona fide relationship.\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/07/14/537159288/hawaii-judge-exempts-grandparents-and-other-relatives-from-trump-travel-ban\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">As we reported\u003c/a>, the Trump administration argued that assurances from a refugee agency are \"not sufficient\" to constitute this relationship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the judge in Hawaii rejected this argument. \"An assurance from a United States refugee resettlement agency, in fact, meets each of the Supreme Court's touchstones: it is formal, it is a documented contract, it is binding, it triggers responsibilities and obligations,\" federal District Court Judge Derrick Watson wrote. \"Bona fide does not get any more bona fide than that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court justices, however, stayed that portion of the Hawaii judge's order, without elaborating. It sent the case back to the 9th Circuit for a ruling. The Trump administration had asked the high court to settle the dispute, leapfrogging the 9th Circuit, which the justices denied without comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The order said that Justices Clarence Thomas, Samuel Alito and Neil Gorsuch would have stayed the entire lower court order, including the broadening of close family categories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Naureen Shah, Amnesty International USA senior director of campaigns, stated that today's order \"jeopardizes the safety of thousands of people across the world, including vulnerable families fleeing war and violence.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/07/17/537764480/grandparents-eligible-for-visas-under-expanded-instructions-on-travel-ban\">the State Department released\u003c/a> new instructions to U.S. embassies and consulates, instructing them to implement the Hawaii court's order expanding the definition of close family to include grandparents, grandchildren, brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, aunts and uncles, nephews and nieces, and cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Despite Political Differences, Two High School Teachers Find Common Ground",
"title": "Despite Political Differences, Two High School Teachers Find Common Ground",
"headTitle": "Start the Conversation | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>For our series \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/start-the-conversation/\">Start the Conversation\u003c/a>, we’ve been bringing people together who sit on different sides of a political or cultural divide, to talk about the issues that are important to them.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>They’re civil dialogues, not debates -- and we hope they’re a way to try to bridge some of the divisions between us in this politically charged time.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Two teachers -- Brandon Johnson and Ysidro Valenzuela -- talk about the intersection of politics and education.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brandon Johnson and Ysidro Valenzuela both took roundabout paths to their current jobs as high school teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11567925\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 434px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11567925\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25994_Ysidro-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"434\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25994_Ysidro-qut.jpg 434w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25994_Ysidro-qut-160x163.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25994_Ysidro-qut-240x245.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25994_Ysidro-qut-375x383.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25994_Ysidro-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25994_Ysidro-qut-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25994_Ysidro-qut-64x64.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 434px) 100vw, 434px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ysidro Valenzuela teaches History and Race and Social Justice at Fresno High School. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ysidro Valenzuela )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson spent years working in the corporate world \"chasing the dollar,\" but found himself unhappy. He'd been a Boy Scout leader for 15 years and enjoyed working with kids, so he decided to move into teaching. He currently teaches social studies and Spanish at Skyline High School in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ysidro Valenzuela didn't know what he wanted to do with his life when he was in college, and it took him 10 years to get his first four-year college degree. Now he teaches history and social justice classes at Fresno High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While they share a circuitous route to teaching, they differ when it comes to politics. Johnson is a former Marine who identifies as conservative and is part of a small minority in the Bay Area that voted for Donald Trump. Ysidro, on the other hand, is a \"lifelong liberal\" and member of the Democratic Party. He supported Bernie Sanders, though he lives in the more politically conservative Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when they came together to talk, they found themselves finding a lot of common ground, especially when it came to their students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2017/07/TeacherConvo.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/Johnson800.jpg\" Title=\"Despite Political Differences, Two High School Teachers Find Common Ground\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some highlights from their conversation:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>On their immigrant students:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brandon Johnson\u003c/strong>: A large percentage of my students are first- and second-generation immigrants from all over the world, and they do heroic things with big goals and big dreams, and we send them off to major universities. When you think about especially the individual kids for me and many of my colleagues, it brings tears to your eyes. You know what they overcome, and they still stay. And I think that's what makes me proud as an American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ysidro Valenzuela\u003c/strong>: I think it's fantastic to compare the American Dream [to immigrant students] as you just did. I completely agree with you. That's patriotism, right? It comes in many forms, and when I watch [immigrant students] overcome their own obstacles and do the best they possibly can, that's just about as an American Dream as you can get.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>On talking politics with their students:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson\u003c/strong>: I kind of have an interesting position because in Oakland we try to have both sides of every issue. It's kind of a district mandate that when you have a guest speaker, you need to have somebody [from the other side]. And because most teachers didn't know any other conservatives, I became the token counter guy. I'm a conservative. I explain to them why I voted the way I did, and yes, I voted for Trump, not that I am a Trump fan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"G0X8H6nWRMKV1TEQD9jsQCeJfmm0ONq6\"]\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Valenzuela\u003c/strong>: One of the things that students, especially the curious students, ask a lot is, \"Well, what do you think, Mr. Valenzuela?\" When it comes to politics, when students ask, I answer them. I'm a lifelong liberal. I have been a member of the Democratic Party for some time. I try to make sure we present both sides, but when they ask me a personal question, I certainly answer, especially when it comes to things like immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>On politics today:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson\u003c/strong>: To be honest, I'm totally disappointed with both parties. It used to be the Democratic Party was about social justice and helping the poor and jobs and unions. Where has that gotten [the country]? Look at the systems it has established. And the Republican Party, it's money for grabs. They're both the same, and hence the outsiders. You liked Bernie, I like Trump. I think there needs to be a housecleaning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Valenzuela\u003c/strong>: I think what makes me hopeful is that we're seeing more civic activism. I know it seems like we're in divisive times, but it's also an opportunity to see the best of us, to see what makes us Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every day I have a student who comes in, and they ask a question about something going on in the headlines. \"What does this mean? How do I find out more about that?\" And then it leads to another question and then another question. And that's education, right? You talk about a teachable moment. Every day these days is a teachable moment for students.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>For our series \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/start-the-conversation/\">Start the Conversation\u003c/a>, we’ve been bringing people together who sit on different sides of a political or cultural divide, to talk about the issues that are important to them.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>They’re civil dialogues, not debates -- and we hope they’re a way to try to bridge some of the divisions between us in this politically charged time.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Two teachers -- Brandon Johnson and Ysidro Valenzuela -- talk about the intersection of politics and education.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brandon Johnson and Ysidro Valenzuela both took roundabout paths to their current jobs as high school teachers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11567925\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 434px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11567925\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25994_Ysidro-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"434\" height=\"443\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25994_Ysidro-qut.jpg 434w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25994_Ysidro-qut-160x163.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25994_Ysidro-qut-240x245.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25994_Ysidro-qut-375x383.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25994_Ysidro-qut-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25994_Ysidro-qut-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/RS25994_Ysidro-qut-64x64.jpg 64w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 434px) 100vw, 434px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ysidro Valenzuela teaches History and Race and Social Justice at Fresno High School. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Ysidro Valenzuela )\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Johnson spent years working in the corporate world \"chasing the dollar,\" but found himself unhappy. He'd been a Boy Scout leader for 15 years and enjoyed working with kids, so he decided to move into teaching. He currently teaches social studies and Spanish at Skyline High School in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ysidro Valenzuela didn't know what he wanted to do with his life when he was in college, and it took him 10 years to get his first four-year college degree. Now he teaches history and social justice classes at Fresno High School.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While they share a circuitous route to teaching, they differ when it comes to politics. Johnson is a former Marine who identifies as conservative and is part of a small minority in the Bay Area that voted for Donald Trump. Ysidro, on the other hand, is a \"lifelong liberal\" and member of the Democratic Party. He supported Bernie Sanders, though he lives in the more politically conservative Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But when they came together to talk, they found themselves finding a lot of common ground, especially when it came to their students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some highlights from their conversation:\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>On their immigrant students:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brandon Johnson\u003c/strong>: A large percentage of my students are first- and second-generation immigrants from all over the world, and they do heroic things with big goals and big dreams, and we send them off to major universities. When you think about especially the individual kids for me and many of my colleagues, it brings tears to your eyes. You know what they overcome, and they still stay. And I think that's what makes me proud as an American.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ysidro Valenzuela\u003c/strong>: I think it's fantastic to compare the American Dream [to immigrant students] as you just did. I completely agree with you. That's patriotism, right? It comes in many forms, and when I watch [immigrant students] overcome their own obstacles and do the best they possibly can, that's just about as an American Dream as you can get.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>On talking politics with their students:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson\u003c/strong>: I kind of have an interesting position because in Oakland we try to have both sides of every issue. It's kind of a district mandate that when you have a guest speaker, you need to have somebody [from the other side]. And because most teachers didn't know any other conservatives, I became the token counter guy. I'm a conservative. I explain to them why I voted the way I did, and yes, I voted for Trump, not that I am a Trump fan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Valenzuela\u003c/strong>: One of the things that students, especially the curious students, ask a lot is, \"Well, what do you think, Mr. Valenzuela?\" When it comes to politics, when students ask, I answer them. I'm a lifelong liberal. I have been a member of the Democratic Party for some time. I try to make sure we present both sides, but when they ask me a personal question, I certainly answer, especially when it comes to things like immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>On politics today:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Johnson\u003c/strong>: To be honest, I'm totally disappointed with both parties. It used to be the Democratic Party was about social justice and helping the poor and jobs and unions. Where has that gotten [the country]? Look at the systems it has established. And the Republican Party, it's money for grabs. They're both the same, and hence the outsiders. You liked Bernie, I like Trump. I think there needs to be a housecleaning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Valenzuela\u003c/strong>: I think what makes me hopeful is that we're seeing more civic activism. I know it seems like we're in divisive times, but it's also an opportunity to see the best of us, to see what makes us Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every day I have a student who comes in, and they ask a question about something going on in the headlines. \"What does this mean? How do I find out more about that?\" And then it leads to another question and then another question. And that's education, right? You talk about a teachable moment. Every day these days is a teachable moment for students.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Immortalized by Woody Guthrie, ‘Deportees’ Who Died in Plane Crash Are Nameless No Longer",
"title": "Immortalized by Woody Guthrie, ‘Deportees’ Who Died in Plane Crash Are Nameless No Longer",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>So many artists -- from Bruce Springsteen to Bob Dylan -- have recorded Woody Guthrie's famous ballad \"Deportee,\" about one of the worst airplane disasters in California history. But a big piece of the story was missing. Until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One cold winter morning in January 1948, 32 passengers were killed when a plane crashed in Los Gatos Canyon, near the Central Valley town of Coalinga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dead included 28 Mexican workers in the process of being deported by the U.S. government. Guthrie was outraged that newspaper accounts of the crash omitted the names of the Mexican passengers, simply calling them “deportees.\" So he penned a song, giving symbolic names to the dead:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Goodbye to my Juan, g\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">oodbye, Rosalita\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adios mis Amigos, Jesus y Maria;\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You won’t have your names when you ride the big airplane,\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">All they will call you will be \"deportees\"\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For seven decades, the real names of those deportees were unknown, their bodies buried in a mass grave in Fresno. Until \u003ca href=\"https://timzhernandez.com/\">Tim Z. Hernandez\u003c/a> -- a previous winner of the American Book Award for poetry -- spent years investigating in both Mexico and the U.S., interviewing families and unearthing records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The band Lance Canales and the Flood play a version of Woody Guthrie's \"Deportee,\" with author Tim Z. Hernandez whispering the names of those who died in the 1948 plane crash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CeCstLTB0EI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez's new book, “\u003ca href=\"http://www.uapress.arizona.edu/Books/bid2680.htm\">All They Will Call You\u003c/a>,” explores his journey uncovering their stories. From the book's forward:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>To stumble upon a plane crash is to stumble upon the fragmented and broken shards of stories, and to have faith that from these clues, our own glaring humanity offers enough light to fill in the unknown. The facts of what occurred on that day are not, nor have they ever been, the purpose of this book. The telling is not interested in the calculable details, but rather, the testimonies themselves, from the people whose lives were touched in incalculable ways. How a tragedy and a song had a profound, lasting effect on the people who lived it.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11567947\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11567947\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezDC3-800x589.jpg\" alt=\"Author Tim Z. Hernandez inside a Douglas DC-3 airplane, similar to the one that crashed in 1948.\" width=\"800\" height=\"589\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezDC3.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezDC3-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezDC3-240x177.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezDC3-375x276.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezDC3-520x383.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Author Tim Z. Hernandez inside a Douglas DC-3 airplane, similar to the one that crashed in 1948. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Tim Z. Hernandez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I’m the son of migrant farmworkers,\" explains Hernandez. \"It was raw curiosity that sprung me forth to look for these names. I wanted to know who they were.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he had few leads to go on. Only a single shred of newspaper from an Associated Press report after the crash, which didn’t include any names of the Mexican passengers. He found an erroneous list of names Guthrie fans had tried to compile on the internet. He then went to Fresno's Holy Cross Cemetery, where the remains of the Mexican passengers were buried in an unmarked grave. The cemetery had a list, but instead of individual names, it logged the term “Mexican National” 28 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez pushed on, digging up records and putting an ad in a bilingual newspaper looking for family members. After years of traveling across the U.S. and Mexico, he managed to locate the families of seven passengers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11512422\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11512422 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25685_image002-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Guillermo and Jaime Ramirez, brothers who are related to two of the passengers who died in the 1948 plane crash.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25685_image002-qut.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25685_image002-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25685_image002-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25685_image002-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25685_image002-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Guillermo and Jaime Ramirez, brothers who are related to two of the passengers who died in the 1948 plane crash. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Tim Z. Hernandez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The book reconstructs profiles of those passengers, fleshing out their love affairs, families and histories -- expanding the narrative of their lives beyond their identities as laborers or farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Ramon Paredes Gonzales, who crossed back and forth to work in the U.S. for years, and whose daughter, Caratina Paredes Murillo, was just 10 years old when he died in the crash. Decades later, an elderly Murillo still remembers the lyrics of the song her father sang every time he returned to their village.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For so grim a subject, one of the jobs was to find the light in each of their stories,\" says Hernandez. \"I always asked the families to tell me one of their fondest memories of their relatives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The book doesn’t just include the intimate stories of the Mexican farmworkers, but also the stories of witnesses to the crash, the pilot, stewardess and the immigration agent accompanying the deportees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11567953\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11567953\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-800x493.jpg\" alt=\"Tim Z. Hernandez with the updated headstone that lists the full names of those who died in the plane crash. \" width=\"800\" height=\"493\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-800x493.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-160x99.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-1020x629.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-1180x728.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-960x592.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-240x148.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-375x231.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-520x321.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Z. Hernandez with the updated headstone that lists the full names of those who died in the plane crash. \u003ccite>(Juan Esparza Loera)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Omissions are wrong,\" says Hernandez. \"Erasure is wrong, no matter what your background is, or nationality you are. Let's talk about the Mexican nationals, and the pilot and the stewardess, the family who owned the ranch whose children saw people falling out of the sky. And later on, how the song affected the people who made the melody, who sang it. This one incident had such a ripple effect across borders, and across lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez \u003ca href=\"http://audio.californiareport.org/archive/R201303291630/c\">helped get a headstone \u003c/a>with some of the names he discovered placed on the mass grave for the deportees. People all over the San Joaquin Valley helped raise money to make these names visible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez also re-recorded a new version of the song with musician Lance Canales. He whispers the actual names as Canales sings the lyrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to honor all of us. To honor that we have had a history and a legacy, and that we once were here on earth, loving,” says Hernandez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11512426\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11512426\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25684_image001-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25684_image001-qut.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25684_image001-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25684_image001-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25684_image001-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25684_image001-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Author Tim Z. Hernandez with the families of two of the passengers in Charco de Pantoja, Guanajuato, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Tim Z. Hernandez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We have much more in common side by side than we do differences, and certainly, this airplane that crashed, becomes almost a kind of analogy,\" he adds. \"We’re all in this ship together, hurling toward a common fate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story, he says, is deeply relevant to today’s political climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Back then, they referred to the Mexican passengers simply as 'deportees.' That kind of rhetoric perpetuates this idea of a single narrative, one way of looking at these folks who come to this country and work to feed us,\" he says. \"Today we hear other words being used, 'illegal,' or 'alien.' All those kind of abstractions are used to erase the face, or the stories, of the people we’re talking about.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Tim Z. Hernandez spent years unearthing the names and stories of 28 people who died in one of California's worst plane crashes, until now identified only as ‘deportees.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>So many artists -- from Bruce Springsteen to Bob Dylan -- have recorded Woody Guthrie's famous ballad \"Deportee,\" about one of the worst airplane disasters in California history. But a big piece of the story was missing. Until now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One cold winter morning in January 1948, 32 passengers were killed when a plane crashed in Los Gatos Canyon, near the Central Valley town of Coalinga.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dead included 28 Mexican workers in the process of being deported by the U.S. government. Guthrie was outraged that newspaper accounts of the crash omitted the names of the Mexican passengers, simply calling them “deportees.\" So he penned a song, giving symbolic names to the dead:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Goodbye to my Juan, g\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">oodbye, Rosalita\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Adios mis Amigos, Jesus y Maria;\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">You won’t have your names when you ride the big airplane,\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003ci>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">All they will call you will be \"deportees\"\u003c/span>\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For seven decades, the real names of those deportees were unknown, their bodies buried in a mass grave in Fresno. Until \u003ca href=\"https://timzhernandez.com/\">Tim Z. Hernandez\u003c/a> -- a previous winner of the American Book Award for poetry -- spent years investigating in both Mexico and the U.S., interviewing families and unearthing records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The band Lance Canales and the Flood play a version of Woody Guthrie's \"Deportee,\" with author Tim Z. Hernandez whispering the names of those who died in the 1948 plane crash.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/CeCstLTB0EI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/CeCstLTB0EI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Hernandez's new book, “\u003ca href=\"http://www.uapress.arizona.edu/Books/bid2680.htm\">All They Will Call You\u003c/a>,” explores his journey uncovering their stories. From the book's forward:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>To stumble upon a plane crash is to stumble upon the fragmented and broken shards of stories, and to have faith that from these clues, our own glaring humanity offers enough light to fill in the unknown. The facts of what occurred on that day are not, nor have they ever been, the purpose of this book. The telling is not interested in the calculable details, but rather, the testimonies themselves, from the people whose lives were touched in incalculable ways. How a tragedy and a song had a profound, lasting effect on the people who lived it.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11567947\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11567947\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezDC3-800x589.jpg\" alt=\"Author Tim Z. Hernandez inside a Douglas DC-3 airplane, similar to the one that crashed in 1948.\" width=\"800\" height=\"589\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezDC3.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezDC3-160x118.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezDC3-240x177.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezDC3-375x276.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezDC3-520x383.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Author Tim Z. Hernandez inside a Douglas DC-3 airplane, similar to the one that crashed in 1948. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Tim Z. Hernandez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I’m the son of migrant farmworkers,\" explains Hernandez. \"It was raw curiosity that sprung me forth to look for these names. I wanted to know who they were.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he had few leads to go on. Only a single shred of newspaper from an Associated Press report after the crash, which didn’t include any names of the Mexican passengers. He found an erroneous list of names Guthrie fans had tried to compile on the internet. He then went to Fresno's Holy Cross Cemetery, where the remains of the Mexican passengers were buried in an unmarked grave. The cemetery had a list, but instead of individual names, it logged the term “Mexican National” 28 times.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez pushed on, digging up records and putting an ad in a bilingual newspaper looking for family members. After years of traveling across the U.S. and Mexico, he managed to locate the families of seven passengers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11512422\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11512422 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25685_image002-qut.jpg\" alt=\"Guillermo and Jaime Ramirez, brothers who are related to two of the passengers who died in the 1948 plane crash.\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25685_image002-qut.jpg 640w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25685_image002-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25685_image002-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25685_image002-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25685_image002-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Guillermo and Jaime Ramirez, brothers who are related to two of the passengers who died in the 1948 plane crash. \u003ccite>(Photo courtesy of Tim Z. Hernandez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The book reconstructs profiles of those passengers, fleshing out their love affairs, families and histories -- expanding the narrative of their lives beyond their identities as laborers or farmworkers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like Ramon Paredes Gonzales, who crossed back and forth to work in the U.S. for years, and whose daughter, Caratina Paredes Murillo, was just 10 years old when he died in the crash. Decades later, an elderly Murillo still remembers the lyrics of the song her father sang every time he returned to their village.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For so grim a subject, one of the jobs was to find the light in each of their stories,\" says Hernandez. \"I always asked the families to tell me one of their fondest memories of their relatives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The book doesn’t just include the intimate stories of the Mexican farmworkers, but also the stories of witnesses to the crash, the pilot, stewardess and the immigration agent accompanying the deportees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11567953\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11567953\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-800x493.jpg\" alt=\"Tim Z. Hernandez with the updated headstone that lists the full names of those who died in the plane crash. \" width=\"800\" height=\"493\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-800x493.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-160x99.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-1020x629.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-1180x728.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-960x592.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-240x148.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-375x231.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/HernandezStone-520x321.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Tim Z. Hernandez with the updated headstone that lists the full names of those who died in the plane crash. \u003ccite>(Juan Esparza Loera)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Omissions are wrong,\" says Hernandez. \"Erasure is wrong, no matter what your background is, or nationality you are. Let's talk about the Mexican nationals, and the pilot and the stewardess, the family who owned the ranch whose children saw people falling out of the sky. And later on, how the song affected the people who made the melody, who sang it. This one incident had such a ripple effect across borders, and across lives.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez \u003ca href=\"http://audio.californiareport.org/archive/R201303291630/c\">helped get a headstone \u003c/a>with some of the names he discovered placed on the mass grave for the deportees. People all over the San Joaquin Valley helped raise money to make these names visible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hernandez also re-recorded a new version of the song with musician Lance Canales. He whispers the actual names as Canales sings the lyrics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s important to honor all of us. To honor that we have had a history and a legacy, and that we once were here on earth, loving,” says Hernandez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11512426\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11512426\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25684_image001-qut-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25684_image001-qut.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25684_image001-qut-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25684_image001-qut-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25684_image001-qut-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/RS25684_image001-qut-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Author Tim Z. Hernandez with the families of two of the passengers in Charco de Pantoja, Guanajuato, Mexico. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Tim Z. Hernandez)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We have much more in common side by side than we do differences, and certainly, this airplane that crashed, becomes almost a kind of analogy,\" he adds. \"We’re all in this ship together, hurling toward a common fate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story, he says, is deeply relevant to today’s political climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Hawaii Judge Exempts Grandparents and Other Relatives From Trump Travel Ban",
"title": "Hawaii Judge Exempts Grandparents and Other Relatives From Trump Travel Ban",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 1:30 p.m. Friday:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in Hawaii has put new limits on the Trump administration's travel ban on people from six predominantly Muslim countries. The judge is allowing entry by grandparents, grandchildren and other family members of people in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an order issued late Thursday, federal District Court Judge Derrick Watson also found that any refugees with ties to resettlement agencies in the U.S. that are preparing to receive them should be exempt from the travel ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's another legal setback for an executive order that's been tied up in court for months. Attorney General Jeff Sessions says the administration will ask the U.S. Supreme Court to void the judge's ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court ruled in June that a scaled-back version of the ban on people seeking to travel here from Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen could proceed. But the high court said it could not be enforced against those who have a \"bona fide relationship\" with people in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration said that would include parents, spouses, fiances, sons, daughters, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law or siblings. But the government excluded grandparents and grandchildren from its definition of \"close family,\" along with brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews and cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[T]he Government's definition represents the antithesis of common sense,\" Watson wrote. \"Common sense, for instance, dictates that close family members be defined to include grandparents. Indeed, grandparents are the epitome of close family members. The Government's definition excludes them. That simply cannot be.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watson's order is also a win for refugee resettlement agencies. They argued that their relationship with refugees who have already been approved to travel to the U.S. should count as \"bona fide\" under the Supreme Court's order. Lawyers for the Trump administration argued otherwise, because the State Department acts as an intermediary until the refugee actually arrives in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the judge rejected the administration's argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An assurance from a United States refugee resettlement agency, in fact, meets each of the Supreme Court's touchstones: it is formal, it is a documented contract, it is binding, it triggers responsibilities and obligations,\" Watson wrote. \"Bona fide does not get any more bona fide than that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watson's decision could open the door for tens of thousands of additional refugees who have been approved for travel, but would have been barred from entry into the U.S. under the travel ban. Earlier this week, the refugee program reached the cap of 50,000 refugees – not necessarily with family ties – for the 2017 fiscal year that was imposed by the executive order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday's ruling came in response to the state of Hawaii's request for an injunction against the Trump administration's enforcement of the ban on expanded family members and refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ag.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/News-Release-2017-90.pdf\">In a statement\u003c/a>, Hawaii Attorney General Douglas Chin said, \"The federal court today makes clear that the U.S. Government may not ignore the scope of the partial travel ban as it sees fit. Family members have been separated and real people have suffered enough. Courts have found that this Executive Order has no basis in stopping terrorism and is just a pretext for illegal and unconstitutional discrimination. We will continue preparing for arguments before the U.S. Supreme Court in October.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, Attorney General Sessions released a statement saying, \"Once again, we are faced with a situation in which a single federal district court has undertaken by a nationwide injunction to micromanage decisions of the co-equal Executive Branch related to our national security.\" He said he will appeal the Hawaii judge's action to the Supreme Court to \"vindicate the rule of law and the Executive Branch's duty to protect the nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hawaii+Judge+Exempts+Grandparents+And+Other+Relatives+From+Trump+Travel+Ban&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A U.S. District Court judge in Hawaii ordered the Trump administration not to enforce the travel ban on grandparents, grandchildren, aunts, uncle, and other relatives.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated 1:30 p.m. Friday:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A federal judge in Hawaii has put new limits on the Trump administration's travel ban on people from six predominantly Muslim countries. The judge is allowing entry by grandparents, grandchildren and other family members of people in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an order issued late Thursday, federal District Court Judge Derrick Watson also found that any refugees with ties to resettlement agencies in the U.S. that are preparing to receive them should be exempt from the travel ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's another legal setback for an executive order that's been tied up in court for months. Attorney General Jeff Sessions says the administration will ask the U.S. Supreme Court to void the judge's ruling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court ruled in June that a scaled-back version of the ban on people seeking to travel here from Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan, Syria and Yemen could proceed. But the high court said it could not be enforced against those who have a \"bona fide relationship\" with people in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration said that would include parents, spouses, fiances, sons, daughters, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law or siblings. But the government excluded grandparents and grandchildren from its definition of \"close family,\" along with brothers-in-law, sisters-in-law, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews and cousins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[T]he Government's definition represents the antithesis of common sense,\" Watson wrote. \"Common sense, for instance, dictates that close family members be defined to include grandparents. Indeed, grandparents are the epitome of close family members. The Government's definition excludes them. That simply cannot be.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watson's order is also a win for refugee resettlement agencies. They argued that their relationship with refugees who have already been approved to travel to the U.S. should count as \"bona fide\" under the Supreme Court's order. Lawyers for the Trump administration argued otherwise, because the State Department acts as an intermediary until the refugee actually arrives in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the judge rejected the administration's argument.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An assurance from a United States refugee resettlement agency, in fact, meets each of the Supreme Court's touchstones: it is formal, it is a documented contract, it is binding, it triggers responsibilities and obligations,\" Watson wrote. \"Bona fide does not get any more bona fide than that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Watson's decision could open the door for tens of thousands of additional refugees who have been approved for travel, but would have been barred from entry into the U.S. under the travel ban. Earlier this week, the refugee program reached the cap of 50,000 refugees – not necessarily with family ties – for the 2017 fiscal year that was imposed by the executive order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thursday's ruling came in response to the state of Hawaii's request for an injunction against the Trump administration's enforcement of the ban on expanded family members and refugees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ag.hawaii.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/News-Release-2017-90.pdf\">In a statement\u003c/a>, Hawaii Attorney General Douglas Chin said, \"The federal court today makes clear that the U.S. Government may not ignore the scope of the partial travel ban as it sees fit. Family members have been separated and real people have suffered enough. Courts have found that this Executive Order has no basis in stopping terrorism and is just a pretext for illegal and unconstitutional discrimination. We will continue preparing for arguments before the U.S. Supreme Court in October.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Washington, Attorney General Sessions released a statement saying, \"Once again, we are faced with a situation in which a single federal district court has undertaken by a nationwide injunction to micromanage decisions of the co-equal Executive Branch related to our national security.\" He said he will appeal the Hawaii judge's action to the Supreme Court to \"vindicate the rule of law and the Executive Branch's duty to protect the nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hawaii+Judge+Exempts+Grandparents+And+Other+Relatives+From+Trump+Travel+Ban&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Chinese Laborers Built Sonoma's Wineries. Racist Neighbors Drove Them Out",
"title": "Chinese Laborers Built Sonoma's Wineries. Racist Neighbors Drove Them Out",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_119114\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/transporting-wine-95f9af075d22ecf0aef6d5e5429b26f9702c44ff-e1499978410695.jpg\" alt=\"Chinese workers transport wine at Buena Vista, the oldest winery in California's Sonoma County, built in the mid-1800s. From the backbreaking labor of clearing roads and digging out caves to highly skilled horticultural work, Chinese laborers helped build Sonoma's wine country.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\" class=\"size-full wp-image-119114\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinese workers transport wine at Buena Vista, the oldest winery in California's Sonoma County, built in the mid-1800s. From the backbreaking labor of clearing roads and digging out caves to highly skilled horticultural work, Chinese laborers helped build Sonoma's wine country. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Buena Vista winery)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Sonoma Valley about an hour north of San Francisco, there are many reminders of the immigrants who built California's wine industry: tasting rooms that look like Italian villas or signs bearing French names. But you won't see any vestiges of the group that made up an estimated 80 percent of the workforce that first put Sonoma vineyards on the map: the Chinese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not many Chinese people in this little town now,\" says Jack Ding, an immigrant from Jiangsu, China, who has been living in Sonoma since 2008. \"But some of my neighbors and friends said, 'Hey Jack, you're Chinese. Let me tell you stories of Chinese who lived here 50, 100 or 150 years ago.' These were verbal stories from the family, generation by generation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those friends was Gordon Phillips, a retired attorney and local historian who spent nine years researching the history of Chinese in Sonoma, poring over books, census data and old newspapers searching for articles, editorials and political advertisements mentioning Chinese workers. \"All these vintners were making money off these initial Chinese workers and nobody knows about it,\" Phillips says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand how Chinese workers arrived in California's wine country, one must look to the east — to the Sierra Nevada. As the Gold Rush of the mid-1800s petered out and the construction of the transcontinental railroad neared completion, there were Chinese immigrants looking for work. That's where two key immigrants came into play. In 1857, a wealthy Hungarian named Agoston Haraszthy purchased a ranch in Sonoma Valley and named it Buena Vista, with the vision of introducing winemaking techniques from his homeland. Historian Charles L. Sullivan, author of numerous books about California's wine industry, calls Haraszthy \"the great supporter of Chinese labor in the vineyards.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_119113\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/ho-po_sq-127369c2e65bc54adcb3d96966979fa6b30cbb26-e1499978486820.jpg\" alt=\"Ho Po, a Chinese labor contractor from San Francisco, sent 150 of his countrymen to build Buena Vista.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1921\" class=\"size-full wp-image-119113\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ho Po, a Chinese labor contractor from San Francisco, sent 150 of his countrymen to build Buena Vista. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Buena Vista winery)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Haraszthy turned to Ho Po, a Chinese labor contractor from San Francisco, who sent 150 of his countrymen to build Buena Vista, Sonoma's oldest commercial winery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those caves are still in use today at Buena Vista winery, where visitors can tour the 15-by-30-foot spaces carved out of rock. \"Workers literally dug the caves by hand,\" says Tom Blackwood, general manager of Buena Vista Winery. \"They still have the original markings. Those were the same skills they were using through the railroad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photos of Chinese men working in the fields and bottling wine are displayed in Buena Vista's tasting room. \"We feel it's more important than ever to talk about the reason we exist and the people who contributed to it — Chinese, Hungarian, French,\" says Jean-Charles Boisset, whose family company, Boisset Collection, bought the winery in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cecilia Tsu, a history professor at the University of California, Davis who studies Asian-Americans in the West, points out that winemaking is much more labor-intensive than wheat or other crops grown earlier in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_119115\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 641px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c.jpg\" alt=\"Photos of Chinese men working in the fields and bottling wine are displayed in Buena Vista's tasting room. "We feel it's more important than ever to talk about the reason we exist and the people who contributed to it − Chinese, Hungarian, French," says Jean-Charles Boisset, whose family company, Boisset Collection, bought the winery in 2011.\" width=\"641\" height=\"641\" class=\"size-full wp-image-119115\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c.jpg 641w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos of Chinese men working in the fields and bottling wine are displayed in Buena Vista's tasting room. \"We feel it's more important than ever to talk about the reason we exist and the people who contributed to it − Chinese, Hungarian, French,\" says Jean-Charles Boisset, whose family company, Boisset Collection, bought the winery in 2011. \u003ccite>( Eadweard Muybridge/Courtesy of Buena Vista winery)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Chinese immigrants were indispensable on multiple levels,\" says Tsu. \"They built roads; cleared land for farming; planted, pruned and harvested grapes. They did backbreaking, physical labor, as well as horticultural work that required significant knowledge and skill.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without Chinese workers, perhaps California wouldn't be famous for its most popular varietals. In his 2004 book \u003cem>The Beasts of the Field,\u003c/em> Richard Steven Street notes that between 1856 and 1869, Chinese planted the majority of Sonoma County's 3.2 million grapevines. \"The Chinese also played a key role in improving wine quality by ripping out old mission grape vineyards and replanting them with Riesling, Muscatel, Traminer, Black Hamburg, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and other fine French and European varieties,\" writes Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, as the vineyards grew, so did backlash against the Chinese on the West Coast. Anti-Chinese leagues were formed in many counties, with whites accusing Chinese of undercutting wages. Asians were paid about $30 per month, while white workers were paid up to $50 monthly. Others complained that the Chinese were unable to assimilate into local culture. Racism was common in nearby wine-producing areas, such as Napa and the Russian River Valley, although the Sonoma Valley might have been more hospitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was virtually no organized anti-Chinese agitation in the Sonoma Valley during the 1870s, much unlike what was common throughout much of the Bay Area, particularly in San Jose, Santa Rosa and Petaluma, even Napa,\" writes Sullivan in a \u003ca href=\"http://waywardtendrils.com/pdfs/vol.24_2014.pdf\">2014 article in the Wayward Tendrils Quarterly\u003c/a>. Haraszthy refused to stop employing Chinese at Buena Vista, despite the growing political opposition. He began carrying a gun to protect himself, and in 1868, he fled to Nicaragua to produce rum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile in wine country, nativist sentiments continued to take root. By 1877, lawmakers in Washington, D.C., debated a bill to stop Chinese immigration. Sonoma Valley grape grower John Hill testified in Congress to defend Chinese labor. \"He explained that Sonoma Valley grape growers depended on the 500 Chinese laborers employed in his 'neighborhood,' \" Phillips wrote in his 2015 thesis for his master's degree from Sonoma State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But spurred on by Denis Kearney's Workingmen's Party, a labor-oriented political group that supported nativist policies, Congress eventually passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, barring nearly all immigration from China. And whites drove out Chinese from many rural areas throughout the West. \"There was a movement to forcibly remove all the Chinese from Sonoma by starving them out — don't hire, don't patronize any shops that hire Chinese. During that period, a lot of Chinese left Sonoma. They were chewing on weeds down by the riverbanks, things got so bad,\" explains Phillips. According to U.S. Census data, the Chinese population in Sonoma County dropped \u003ca href=\"https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v1-13.pdf\">from 1,145 in 1890\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v1-13.pdf\">fewer than 200 in 1930\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That ugly past isn't always highlighted in the popular lore of the West. Nor are the contributions of the Chinese. \"We tend to assume that native-born American growers and maybe some European immigrants were pioneers of viticulture in California,\" Tsu says. \"[But] in reality, they were utterly dependent on Chinese immigrant labor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That erasure bothers Ding. \"It feels bad,\" he says. \"I went to a bookstore to look at Sonoma history books. I bought one, and I didn't see any pictures of the Chinese laborers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, there's been a movement to call attention to the Chinese legacy in wine country. Last fall, Phillips and Ding — along with the Sonoma-Penglai Sister City Committee — went before the Sonoma City Council to propose the building of a monument to the early Chinese. The council unanimously voted to approve the construction of a \u003cem>ting\u003c/em> (a tile-roofed covered pavilion) in a city park. \"It's a physical object that people can see is Chinese,\" explains Phillips. \"It'll attract their attention to something Chinese. When they read the plaque, they'll realize the vineyards are here based on a lot of Chinese labor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the city isn't funding the $75,000 cost of construction. The northeastern Chinese city of Penglai, also known for wine production, is donating $25,000. With other \u003ca href=\"https://sonomasistercitiesassociation.org/donors-to-the-wine-country-chinese-legacy-project-we-thank-you/\">fundraising\u003c/a>, the volunteers have raised $50,000. Construction is expected to begin as soon as the remainder of the money is raised.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Grace Hwang Lynch is a multimedia journalist based in the San Francisco Bay Area. She is currently working on a memoir about food, identity and caretaking. Follow her blog, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hapamama.com/\">HapaMama.com\u003c/a>\u003cem>, or on Twitter @GraceHwangLynch.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_119114\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/transporting-wine-95f9af075d22ecf0aef6d5e5429b26f9702c44ff-e1499978410695.jpg\" alt=\"Chinese workers transport wine at Buena Vista, the oldest winery in California's Sonoma County, built in the mid-1800s. From the backbreaking labor of clearing roads and digging out caves to highly skilled horticultural work, Chinese laborers helped build Sonoma's wine country.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1439\" class=\"size-full wp-image-119114\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chinese workers transport wine at Buena Vista, the oldest winery in California's Sonoma County, built in the mid-1800s. From the backbreaking labor of clearing roads and digging out caves to highly skilled horticultural work, Chinese laborers helped build Sonoma's wine country. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Buena Vista winery)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In Sonoma Valley about an hour north of San Francisco, there are many reminders of the immigrants who built California's wine industry: tasting rooms that look like Italian villas or signs bearing French names. But you won't see any vestiges of the group that made up an estimated 80 percent of the workforce that first put Sonoma vineyards on the map: the Chinese.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not many Chinese people in this little town now,\" says Jack Ding, an immigrant from Jiangsu, China, who has been living in Sonoma since 2008. \"But some of my neighbors and friends said, 'Hey Jack, you're Chinese. Let me tell you stories of Chinese who lived here 50, 100 or 150 years ago.' These were verbal stories from the family, generation by generation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of those friends was Gordon Phillips, a retired attorney and local historian who spent nine years researching the history of Chinese in Sonoma, poring over books, census data and old newspapers searching for articles, editorials and political advertisements mentioning Chinese workers. \"All these vintners were making money off these initial Chinese workers and nobody knows about it,\" Phillips says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand how Chinese workers arrived in California's wine country, one must look to the east — to the Sierra Nevada. As the Gold Rush of the mid-1800s petered out and the construction of the transcontinental railroad neared completion, there were Chinese immigrants looking for work. That's where two key immigrants came into play. In 1857, a wealthy Hungarian named Agoston Haraszthy purchased a ranch in Sonoma Valley and named it Buena Vista, with the vision of introducing winemaking techniques from his homeland. Historian Charles L. Sullivan, author of numerous books about California's wine industry, calls Haraszthy \"the great supporter of Chinese labor in the vineyards.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_119113\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/ho-po_sq-127369c2e65bc54adcb3d96966979fa6b30cbb26-e1499978486820.jpg\" alt=\"Ho Po, a Chinese labor contractor from San Francisco, sent 150 of his countrymen to build Buena Vista.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1921\" class=\"size-full wp-image-119113\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ho Po, a Chinese labor contractor from San Francisco, sent 150 of his countrymen to build Buena Vista. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Buena Vista winery)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Haraszthy turned to Ho Po, a Chinese labor contractor from San Francisco, who sent 150 of his countrymen to build Buena Vista, Sonoma's oldest commercial winery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those caves are still in use today at Buena Vista winery, where visitors can tour the 15-by-30-foot spaces carved out of rock. \"Workers literally dug the caves by hand,\" says Tom Blackwood, general manager of Buena Vista Winery. \"They still have the original markings. Those were the same skills they were using through the railroad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Photos of Chinese men working in the fields and bottling wine are displayed in Buena Vista's tasting room. \"We feel it's more important than ever to talk about the reason we exist and the people who contributed to it — Chinese, Hungarian, French,\" says Jean-Charles Boisset, whose family company, Boisset Collection, bought the winery in 2011.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cecilia Tsu, a history professor at the University of California, Davis who studies Asian-Americans in the West, points out that winemaking is much more labor-intensive than wheat or other crops grown earlier in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_119115\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 641px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/bayareabites/wp-content/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c.jpg\" alt=\"Photos of Chinese men working in the fields and bottling wine are displayed in Buena Vista's tasting room. "We feel it's more important than ever to talk about the reason we exist and the people who contributed to it − Chinese, Hungarian, French," says Jean-Charles Boisset, whose family company, Boisset Collection, bought the winery in 2011.\" width=\"641\" height=\"641\" class=\"size-full wp-image-119115\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c.jpg 641w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-160x160.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-240x240.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-375x375.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-520x520.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-32x32.jpg 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-50x50.jpg 50w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-64x64.jpg 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-96x96.jpg 96w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-128x128.jpg 128w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/24/2017/07/bottlingatbuenavista_sq-f6d676a14a65b0faf288d661312b4ccec578023c-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 641px) 100vw, 641px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photos of Chinese men working in the fields and bottling wine are displayed in Buena Vista's tasting room. \"We feel it's more important than ever to talk about the reason we exist and the people who contributed to it − Chinese, Hungarian, French,\" says Jean-Charles Boisset, whose family company, Boisset Collection, bought the winery in 2011. \u003ccite>( Eadweard Muybridge/Courtesy of Buena Vista winery)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Chinese immigrants were indispensable on multiple levels,\" says Tsu. \"They built roads; cleared land for farming; planted, pruned and harvested grapes. They did backbreaking, physical labor, as well as horticultural work that required significant knowledge and skill.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without Chinese workers, perhaps California wouldn't be famous for its most popular varietals. In his 2004 book \u003cem>The Beasts of the Field,\u003c/em> Richard Steven Street notes that between 1856 and 1869, Chinese planted the majority of Sonoma County's 3.2 million grapevines. \"The Chinese also played a key role in improving wine quality by ripping out old mission grape vineyards and replanting them with Riesling, Muscatel, Traminer, Black Hamburg, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, and other fine French and European varieties,\" writes Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, as the vineyards grew, so did backlash against the Chinese on the West Coast. Anti-Chinese leagues were formed in many counties, with whites accusing Chinese of undercutting wages. Asians were paid about $30 per month, while white workers were paid up to $50 monthly. Others complained that the Chinese were unable to assimilate into local culture. Racism was common in nearby wine-producing areas, such as Napa and the Russian River Valley, although the Sonoma Valley might have been more hospitable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There was virtually no organized anti-Chinese agitation in the Sonoma Valley during the 1870s, much unlike what was common throughout much of the Bay Area, particularly in San Jose, Santa Rosa and Petaluma, even Napa,\" writes Sullivan in a \u003ca href=\"http://waywardtendrils.com/pdfs/vol.24_2014.pdf\">2014 article in the Wayward Tendrils Quarterly\u003c/a>. Haraszthy refused to stop employing Chinese at Buena Vista, despite the growing political opposition. He began carrying a gun to protect himself, and in 1868, he fled to Nicaragua to produce rum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile in wine country, nativist sentiments continued to take root. By 1877, lawmakers in Washington, D.C., debated a bill to stop Chinese immigration. Sonoma Valley grape grower John Hill testified in Congress to defend Chinese labor. \"He explained that Sonoma Valley grape growers depended on the 500 Chinese laborers employed in his 'neighborhood,' \" Phillips wrote in his 2015 thesis for his master's degree from Sonoma State University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But spurred on by Denis Kearney's Workingmen's Party, a labor-oriented political group that supported nativist policies, Congress eventually passed the Chinese Exclusion Act in 1882, barring nearly all immigration from China. And whites drove out Chinese from many rural areas throughout the West. \"There was a movement to forcibly remove all the Chinese from Sonoma by starving them out — don't hire, don't patronize any shops that hire Chinese. During that period, a lot of Chinese left Sonoma. They were chewing on weeds down by the riverbanks, things got so bad,\" explains Phillips. According to U.S. Census data, the Chinese population in Sonoma County dropped \u003ca href=\"https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v1-13.pdf\">from 1,145 in 1890\u003c/a> to \u003ca href=\"https://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v1-13.pdf\">fewer than 200 in 1930\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That ugly past isn't always highlighted in the popular lore of the West. Nor are the contributions of the Chinese. \"We tend to assume that native-born American growers and maybe some European immigrants were pioneers of viticulture in California,\" Tsu says. \"[But] in reality, they were utterly dependent on Chinese immigrant labor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That erasure bothers Ding. \"It feels bad,\" he says. \"I went to a bookstore to look at Sonoma history books. I bought one, and I didn't see any pictures of the Chinese laborers.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recently, there's been a movement to call attention to the Chinese legacy in wine country. Last fall, Phillips and Ding — along with the Sonoma-Penglai Sister City Committee — went before the Sonoma City Council to propose the building of a monument to the early Chinese. The council unanimously voted to approve the construction of a \u003cem>ting\u003c/em> (a tile-roofed covered pavilion) in a city park. \"It's a physical object that people can see is Chinese,\" explains Phillips. \"It'll attract their attention to something Chinese. When they read the plaque, they'll realize the vineyards are here based on a lot of Chinese labor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the city isn't funding the $75,000 cost of construction. The northeastern Chinese city of Penglai, also known for wine production, is donating $25,000. With other \u003ca href=\"https://sonomasistercitiesassociation.org/donors-to-the-wine-country-chinese-legacy-project-we-thank-you/\">fundraising\u003c/a>, the volunteers have raised $50,000. Construction is expected to begin as soon as the remainder of the money is raised.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Grace Hwang Lynch is a multimedia journalist based in the San Francisco Bay Area. She is currently working on a memoir about food, identity and caretaking. Follow her blog, \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"http://hapamama.com/\">HapaMama.com\u003c/a>\u003cem>, or on Twitter @GraceHwangLynch.\u003c/em> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Two Business Owners, on Opposite Sides of the Border, Try to Find Common Ground",
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"headTitle": "Start the Conversation | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>For our series \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/start-the-conversation/\">Start the Conversation\u003c/a>, we’ve been bringing people together who sit on different sides of a political or cultural divide, to talk about the issues that are important to them.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>They’re civil dialogues, not debates -- and we hope they’re a way to try to bridge some of the divisions between us in this politically charged time.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Miguel Marshall and Brian Holley have a conversation about the Border Wall. They both run businesses in the border region but on different sides of the divide.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miguel Marshall was born in San Diego and now lives in Tijuana. He's the CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.centroventures.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centro Ventures\u003c/a> -- a real estate development company that operates in Mexico. Marshall is a dual citizen, and splits his time between projects on both sides of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Holley lives in San Diego and is the vice president of \u003ca href=\"http://vscenario.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vScenario\u003c/a>, one of the companies that recently bid on the Trump administration’s border wall project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We invited the two to have a discussion in the heart of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdparks.org/content/sdparks/en/park-pages/TJRVRP.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tijuana River Valley\u003c/a>. They sat in a parked car in the Tijuana Community Garden along a quiet street lined with ranches, a mile from the actual border. They talked about their hopes for the region, and found they agreed on more than they thought they would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11490862\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11490862\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/borderwalltwo-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Brian Holley (L), and Miguel Marshall meet one mile away from the U.S.-Mexico border to talk about how President Trump's proposed border wall affects both of their businesses. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brian Holley (L), and Miguel Marshall meet 1 mile away from the U.S.-Mexico border to talk about how President Trump's proposed border wall affects both of their businesses. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>On the need for border security:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian\u003c/strong>: I do think it's important for the U.S. and Mexico to upgrade the border security and the wall. The barrier itself will be very instrumental to the security of both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miguel\u003c/strong>: \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What I do believe is other type of things for border security, [like technology], would be more effective.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian\u003c/strong>: There's a lot of technology options that can achieve the same border security goals and not create such a physical reminder of a barrier between nations, as well as not be as expensive, which is obviously a concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>On the political rhetoric surrounding the wall:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miguel\u003c/strong>: Well, if the border security becomes a wall, I know it's going to be very polarizing. It's gonna create friction. A wall wouldn't be at all healthy, I would say, just because of the term \"wall.\" Wall versus bridge. So, which one do you choose?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian\u003c/strong>: I believe the term, when it is trumped up to say wall, it causes people to go in a very defensive mode and it's not healthy for reaching what could be a very productive conclusion. You know, I was a Trump voter, I am a supporter of the border security being increased. However, I was not a supporter of and don't agree with the rhetoric that he uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miguel\u003c/strong>: Well, everyone who is doing business on both sides of the border, we're going to choose \"bridge.\" We're going to choose making things smoother, making things faster, making things more efficient. A wall basically stops everything. So using the term wall in any way, it’s not going to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>On being neighborly:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian\u003c/strong>: I mean, if Miguel and I are neighbors and we don't have a fence and I have a dog that is going into his property or he's got a horse that's going into my property and we say, \"Hey, why don't we build a fence between our backyards?\" We're still neighbors. I'm still going to reach over the fence and say hello or have you over for dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miguel\u003c/strong>: We have people who are leaving from Tijuana and San Diego. We have people working from Tijuana, from San Diego. We have that cross-border relationship on a very small scale, but it can be replicated on a larger scale. So, it's all going to depend on what we can do as individuals and continue doing, even though the policy and rhetoric on both sides is being negative. If you increase border security, increase trade relations. We need to do business, we need to continue providing for the citizens that live on both sides of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Erin Siegal McIntyre helped produce this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>For our series \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/series/start-the-conversation/\">Start the Conversation\u003c/a>, we’ve been bringing people together who sit on different sides of a political or cultural divide, to talk about the issues that are important to them.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>They’re civil dialogues, not debates -- and we hope they’re a way to try to bridge some of the divisions between us in this politically charged time.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Miguel Marshall and Brian Holley have a conversation about the Border Wall. They both run businesses in the border region but on different sides of the divide.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miguel Marshall was born in San Diego and now lives in Tijuana. He's the CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://www.centroventures.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Centro Ventures\u003c/a> -- a real estate development company that operates in Mexico. Marshall is a dual citizen, and splits his time between projects on both sides of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brian Holley lives in San Diego and is the vice president of \u003ca href=\"http://vscenario.com/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">vScenario\u003c/a>, one of the companies that recently bid on the Trump administration’s border wall project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We invited the two to have a discussion in the heart of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdparks.org/content/sdparks/en/park-pages/TJRVRP.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Tijuana River Valley\u003c/a>. They sat in a parked car in the Tijuana Community Garden along a quiet street lined with ranches, a mile from the actual border. They talked about their hopes for the region, and found they agreed on more than they thought they would.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11490862\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11490862\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/06/borderwalltwo-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Brian Holley (L), and Miguel Marshall meet one mile away from the U.S.-Mexico border to talk about how President Trump's proposed border wall affects both of their businesses. \" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brian Holley (L), and Miguel Marshall meet 1 mile away from the U.S.-Mexico border to talk about how President Trump's proposed border wall affects both of their businesses. \u003ccite>(Erin Siegal McIntyre/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>On the need for border security:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian\u003c/strong>: I do think it's important for the U.S. and Mexico to upgrade the border security and the wall. The barrier itself will be very instrumental to the security of both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miguel\u003c/strong>: \u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">What I do believe is other type of things for border security, [like technology], would be more effective.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian\u003c/strong>: There's a lot of technology options that can achieve the same border security goals and not create such a physical reminder of a barrier between nations, as well as not be as expensive, which is obviously a concern.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>On the political rhetoric surrounding the wall:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miguel\u003c/strong>: Well, if the border security becomes a wall, I know it's going to be very polarizing. It's gonna create friction. A wall wouldn't be at all healthy, I would say, just because of the term \"wall.\" Wall versus bridge. So, which one do you choose?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian\u003c/strong>: I believe the term, when it is trumped up to say wall, it causes people to go in a very defensive mode and it's not healthy for reaching what could be a very productive conclusion. You know, I was a Trump voter, I am a supporter of the border security being increased. However, I was not a supporter of and don't agree with the rhetoric that he uses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miguel\u003c/strong>: Well, everyone who is doing business on both sides of the border, we're going to choose \"bridge.\" We're going to choose making things smoother, making things faster, making things more efficient. A wall basically stops everything. So using the term wall in any way, it’s not going to help.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>On being neighborly:\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Brian\u003c/strong>: I mean, if Miguel and I are neighbors and we don't have a fence and I have a dog that is going into his property or he's got a horse that's going into my property and we say, \"Hey, why don't we build a fence between our backyards?\" We're still neighbors. I'm still going to reach over the fence and say hello or have you over for dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Miguel\u003c/strong>: We have people who are leaving from Tijuana and San Diego. We have people working from Tijuana, from San Diego. We have that cross-border relationship on a very small scale, but it can be replicated on a larger scale. So, it's all going to depend on what we can do as individuals and continue doing, even though the policy and rhetoric on both sides is being negative. If you increase border security, increase trade relations. We need to do business, we need to continue providing for the citizens that live on both sides of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Erin Siegal McIntyre helped produce this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Court Filing IDs Fed Whose Stolen Gun Was Used in Kathryn Steinle Killing",
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"content": "\u003cp>A public defender representing the man charged with fatally shooting Kathryn Steinle wants the federal law enforcement officer whose gun was used in the killing to testify in the case, according to a document filed last week in San Francisco County Superior Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The June 29 filing seeks the appearance of Bureau of Land Management Ranger John Woychowski in court and marks the first time he has been publicly identified as the officer who allegedly left his duty weapon unsecured in a car while stopping in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His vehicle was burglarized and the gun was stolen four days before Juan Francisco Lopez Sanchez, a Mexican national with a long record of entering the United States illegally, allegedly fired the weapon while handling it near a public pier close to the Ferry Building in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bullet appears to have ricocheted before striking Steinle in the back, according to testimony at a preliminary hearing in the case. Lopez Sanchez is scheduled to stand trial for murder next week, though the case will likely be delayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The July 1, 2015, incident on Pier 14 immediately became the focus of the national debate over tougher immigration laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Police Department received criticism for its initial investigation of the gun theft, which did not involve crime scene investigators, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/S-F-police-didn-t-investigate-gun-theft-before-6376393.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report in the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>. Woychowski immediately called police after he discovered his .40-caliber handgun, reportedly left in a bag in his vehicle, was missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without identifying Woychowski by name, a Bureau of Land Management spokeswoman said after Steinle's killing that the ranger was traveling through San Francisco on official government business when his gun was stolen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's currently unknown how the weapon came into Lopez Sanchez's possession, but that hasn't restrained the rhetoric from Republicans in Congress, who have championed a bill they're calling \"Kate's Law.\" The legislation, which strengthens penalties for those arrested with prior convictions for entering the country illegally, passed the House of Representatives on June 29.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Paul Ryan wrote in a June 29 web post titled \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.speaker.gov/general/law-kate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">This Law is for Kate\u003c/a>\" that Lopez Sanchez \"stole a gun out of a federal officer’s car, fired shots in public, and shot Kate Steinle in the back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, there's no evidence that Lopez Sanchez committed the initial burglary. He told reporters in a jailhouse interview after Steinle's death that he found the gun wrapped in a T-shirt under a bench, though it's not clear Lopez Sanchez understood the questions or the answers he was giving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempts to reach Woychowski on Friday by phone and emails were unsuccessful. The supervisor at the BLM's El Centro (Imperial County) field office, where it appears Woychowski is based, did not return a phone call seeking verification of Woychowski's current employment with the office. A state-level BLM spokeswoman did not return calls and emails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Public Defender's Office, which is representing Lopez Sanchez, declined comment on the court filing naming Woychowski.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woychowski is listed as a \"purchase card holder\" based in El Centro on a Department of the Interior \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/migrated/pam/programs/chargecard/upload/FOIA_LISTING_BLM_11-19-2009.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">document from 2009\u003c/a>. He was given the field office's Ranger of the Year award in 2011 for \"exemplary protection of our public lands and unwavering dedication to visitor safety,\" according to a BLM news posting from the time that has since been taken down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED accessed an \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120114224541/http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/info/newsbytes/2011/509xtra_ranger_year_ecfo.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">archived version\u003c/a> of the article, which was taken down sometime after Steinle was killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The article indicates that, at the time, Woychowski was a field training officer whose \"dedication to the BLM Law Enforcement Field Training Program has insured (sic) that the BLM will be provided with newly skilled and knowledgeable Law Enforcement Rangers for years to come.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is an honor to give him this award,\" then-El Centro field manager Margaret Gordo is quoted as saying in the article. \"John is a phenomenal ranger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An older archived version of the article includes a photograph of Woychowski holding his award plaque with two unidentified employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Deputy Public Defender Matt Gonzalez, who represents Lopez Sanchez, wrote an op-ed \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/openforum/article/Proposed-Kate-s-Law-would-not-have-saved-Kate-11264771.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published in the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> last week that outlines his argument for the ranger's culpability in the case, while not identifying him by name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The firearm should never have been on the streets,\" Gonzalez wrote. \"The Bureau of Land Management official who left his loaded weapon unsecured in a car that was burglarized has never accounted for his negligence in starting the chain of events that resulted in Steinle’s death.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Steinle killing is one of several that inspired \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/09/26/kate-steinle-killing-bill-to-curb-police-gun-thefts-signed-by-governor-brown/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state legislation last year\u003c/a> requiring law enforcement officers to lock up firearms when they store them in parked vehicles. The law makes failure to do so an infraction carrying a $1,000 fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://extras.mercurynews.com/policeguns/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Area News Group investigation\u003c/a> published last year found that the problem of lost or stolen law enforcement firearms is widespread, with California officers losing possession of at least 944 weapons since 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his filing seeking Woychowski's testimony, which requests the information be sealed by the court, Gonzalez wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The witness listed above is the owner of the firearm at issue in this case and his testimony is material and necessary to the defense,\" according to the filing. \"This witness is critical to Mr. Lopez Sanchez's defense and he must testify in order for Mr. Lopez Sanchez to have a fair trial.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3890956-Certificate-of-Judge-Requesting-Out-of-County\" notes=\"true\" text=\"true\" search=\"true\" sidebar=\"true\" pdf=\"true\" responsive=\"true\" page=\"1\"]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A public defender representing the man charged with fatally shooting Kathryn Steinle wants the federal law enforcement officer whose gun was used in the killing to testify in the case, according to a document filed last week in San Francisco County Superior Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The June 29 filing seeks the appearance of Bureau of Land Management Ranger John Woychowski in court and marks the first time he has been publicly identified as the officer who allegedly left his duty weapon unsecured in a car while stopping in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His vehicle was burglarized and the gun was stolen four days before Juan Francisco Lopez Sanchez, a Mexican national with a long record of entering the United States illegally, allegedly fired the weapon while handling it near a public pier close to the Ferry Building in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bullet appears to have ricocheted before striking Steinle in the back, according to testimony at a preliminary hearing in the case. Lopez Sanchez is scheduled to stand trial for murder next week, though the case will likely be delayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The July 1, 2015, incident on Pier 14 immediately became the focus of the national debate over tougher immigration laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Police Department received criticism for its initial investigation of the gun theft, which did not involve crime scene investigators, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/S-F-police-didn-t-investigate-gun-theft-before-6376393.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">report in the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a>. Woychowski immediately called police after he discovered his .40-caliber handgun, reportedly left in a bag in his vehicle, was missing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without identifying Woychowski by name, a Bureau of Land Management spokeswoman said after Steinle's killing that the ranger was traveling through San Francisco on official government business when his gun was stolen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's currently unknown how the weapon came into Lopez Sanchez's possession, but that hasn't restrained the rhetoric from Republicans in Congress, who have championed a bill they're calling \"Kate's Law.\" The legislation, which strengthens penalties for those arrested with prior convictions for entering the country illegally, passed the House of Representatives on June 29.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Paul Ryan wrote in a June 29 web post titled \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.speaker.gov/general/law-kate\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">This Law is for Kate\u003c/a>\" that Lopez Sanchez \"stole a gun out of a federal officer’s car, fired shots in public, and shot Kate Steinle in the back.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, there's no evidence that Lopez Sanchez committed the initial burglary. He told reporters in a jailhouse interview after Steinle's death that he found the gun wrapped in a T-shirt under a bench, though it's not clear Lopez Sanchez understood the questions or the answers he was giving.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attempts to reach Woychowski on Friday by phone and emails were unsuccessful. The supervisor at the BLM's El Centro (Imperial County) field office, where it appears Woychowski is based, did not return a phone call seeking verification of Woychowski's current employment with the office. A state-level BLM spokeswoman did not return calls and emails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Public Defender's Office, which is representing Lopez Sanchez, declined comment on the court filing naming Woychowski.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Woychowski is listed as a \"purchase card holder\" based in El Centro on a Department of the Interior \u003ca href=\"https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/migrated/pam/programs/chargecard/upload/FOIA_LISTING_BLM_11-19-2009.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">document from 2009\u003c/a>. He was given the field office's Ranger of the Year award in 2011 for \"exemplary protection of our public lands and unwavering dedication to visitor safety,\" according to a BLM news posting from the time that has since been taken down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED accessed an \u003ca href=\"https://web.archive.org/web/20120114224541/http://www.blm.gov/ca/st/en/info/newsbytes/2011/509xtra_ranger_year_ecfo.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">archived version\u003c/a> of the article, which was taken down sometime after Steinle was killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The article indicates that, at the time, Woychowski was a field training officer whose \"dedication to the BLM Law Enforcement Field Training Program has insured (sic) that the BLM will be provided with newly skilled and knowledgeable Law Enforcement Rangers for years to come.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is an honor to give him this award,\" then-El Centro field manager Margaret Gordo is quoted as saying in the article. \"John is a phenomenal ranger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An older archived version of the article includes a photograph of Woychowski holding his award plaque with two unidentified employees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Deputy Public Defender Matt Gonzalez, who represents Lopez Sanchez, wrote an op-ed \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/openforum/article/Proposed-Kate-s-Law-would-not-have-saved-Kate-11264771.php\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">published in the San Francisco Chronicle\u003c/a> last week that outlines his argument for the ranger's culpability in the case, while not identifying him by name.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The firearm should never have been on the streets,\" Gonzalez wrote. \"The Bureau of Land Management official who left his loaded weapon unsecured in a car that was burglarized has never accounted for his negligence in starting the chain of events that resulted in Steinle’s death.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Steinle killing is one of several that inspired \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/2016/09/26/kate-steinle-killing-bill-to-curb-police-gun-thefts-signed-by-governor-brown/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">state legislation last year\u003c/a> requiring law enforcement officers to lock up firearms when they store them in parked vehicles. The law makes failure to do so an infraction carrying a $1,000 fine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://extras.mercurynews.com/policeguns/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Bay Area News Group investigation\u003c/a> published last year found that the problem of lost or stolen law enforcement firearms is widespread, with California officers losing possession of at least 944 weapons since 2010.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his filing seeking Woychowski's testimony, which requests the information be sealed by the court, Gonzalez wrote:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The witness listed above is the owner of the firearm at issue in this case and his testimony is material and necessary to the defense,\" according to the filing. \"This witness is critical to Mr. Lopez Sanchez's defense and he must testify in order for Mr. Lopez Sanchez to have a fair trial.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "9th Circuit: Detained Immigrant Children Entitled to Court Hearing",
"title": "9th Circuit: Detained Immigrant Children Entitled to Court Hearing",
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"content": "\u003cp>Children detained by immigration authorities have the right to a hearing before an immigration judge to consider their release, according to a federal appeals court in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2017/07/05/17-55208.pdf\">ruling \u003c/a>Wednesday by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals will allow thousands of children to petition a judge to be released while they await their day in immigration court, just as most adults in immigration custody can do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's important because we've seen children detained in excess of a year with no reason given for their detention,\" said Holly Cooper, an attorney for the plaintiffs and co-director of the Immigration Law Clinic at the UC Davis School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeals court found that a 1997 lawsuit settlement that set standards for immigration detention of minors is still in force -- including a provision that guarantees custody hearings -- in spite of two laws passed by Congress since then dealing with immigrant children who cross the border unaccompanied by a parent.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'In the absence of such hearings, these children are held in bureaucratic limbo, left to rely upon the agency's alleged benevolence and opaque decision making.'\u003ccite>Judge Stephen Reinhardt\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/flores-v-meese-stipulated-settlement-agreement-plus-extension-settlement\">settlement\u003c/a>, \u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">known today as Flores v. Sessions (the case was Fl\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">ores v. Reno back in 1997), favors family reunification and says children should be placed \"in the least restrictive setting appropriate to the minor’s age and special needs.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A three-judge panel of the 9th Circuit rejected the federal government's argument that the more recent laws eliminated the right to a bond hearing under the Flores settlement because they didn't specifically mention such hearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Without such hearings, these children have no meaningful forum in which to challenge ORR’s decisions regarding their detention or even to discover why those decisions have been made,\" wrote Judge Stephen Reinhardt for the court. He was referring to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.acf.hhs.gov/orr/programs/ucs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR)\u003c/a>, the agency charged with the care and placement of unaccompanied minors in immigration proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reinhardt went on: \"In the absence of such hearings, these children are held in bureaucratic limbo, left to rely upon the agency’s alleged benevolence and opaque decision making.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When adults in deportation proceedings are detained, they are held by Immigration and Customs Enforcement. But for the past 15 years, unaccompanied immigrant children are turned over to the ORR, which is part of the U.S. Health and Human Services agency. ORR officials have maintained that they alone have the authority to decide whether to release a child from custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooper said she and other advocates decided to challenge that in court because they felt that vulnerable children -- some as young as 8 years old -- were being denied their rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"enpTs1CeqR2jZSbdkLMOSUTXDRLdbEHw\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In every other detention context we could find, the individual was given an immediate right to a hearing on the legality and necessity of their detention -- whether at Guantanamo, or someone mentally ill or a child,\" she said. \"This is a modest win, because all we've done is bring the kids up to the level of rights of every other detainee. If we had lost, it would've been a very dire blow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision upholds a January ruling by U.S. District Court Judge Dolly M. Gee, based in Los Angeles. The federal government could decide to appeal, requesting review by either the full 9th Circuit or the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Justice Department is reviewing the Court’s ruling and considering next steps in the litigation,\" said department spokeswoman Nicole Navas Oxman in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The right to a bond hearing affords children the right to a lawyer, if they can find or pay for one (\u003ca href=\"http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/juvenile/\">fewer than half\u003c/a> of the kids in deportation proceedings have legal counsel). That's something kids in ORR custody have been denied, Cooper and other lawyers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With her students at the UC Davis Immigration Law Clinic, Cooper has represented several immigrant teenagers held at the Yolo County Juvenile Detention Facility. ORR has a contract with the county to detain up to 30 youths in the locked juvenile jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such teenager, Pablo Aguilar, spent 2½ years in immigration custody. In 2014 Aguilar fled a gang in El Salvador that had kidnapped, and probably killed, his brother. He came to the United States to seek asylum and reunite with his mother, who lives in Los Angeles. But despite finding his mother to be a fit parent, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/11/hundreds-of-migrant-teens-are-being-held-indefinitely-in-locked-detention/\">ORR would not release Pablo\u003c/a> and would not explain why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11553693\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11553693\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/momAndPhoto-800x742-800x742.jpg\" alt=\"Evelyn Aguilar holds up a photo of herself visiting with her son, Pablo, when he was detained at a facility in Oregon in 2015. Her friend, Mario, is in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"742\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/momAndPhoto-800x742.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/momAndPhoto-800x742-160x148.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/momAndPhoto-800x742-240x223.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/momAndPhoto-800x742-375x348.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/momAndPhoto-800x742-520x482.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pablo Aguilar's mother holds up a photo of herself visiting with Pablo when he was detained at a facility in Oregon in 2015. Her friend, Mario, is in the background. \u003ccite>(Tyche Hendricks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"What will be nice about having a judge's review is that the government will have to come up with some kind of evidence,\" said Cooper. \"If we put forth evidence that he's a good kid and has a mom, ORR or ICE will have to come up with something that shows he's [a flight risk or a danger]. It will give a greater level of transparency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past five years, more than 200,000 migrant children traveling without their parents have been detained at the U.S.-Mexico border. Tens of thousands more have been picked up with a parent. Most are from El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala, and many report fleeing violence, as criminal gangs there operate with impunity and governments struggle to respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of children detained by immigration authorities spend a month or so in an ORR shelter and are then placed with a relative or another sponsor while their case works its way through immigration court. But hundreds are placed in locked group homes or juvenile jails, as Pablo Aguilar was, and can be held for months or even years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9th Circuit noted that even if an immigration judge determines a child is eligible for release, ORR must still identify a safe and secure placement into which the child can be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Thousands of children in immigration custody may petition a judge for freedom under a ruling this week by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Children detained by immigration authorities have the right to a hearing before an immigration judge to consider their release, according to a federal appeals court in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2017/07/05/17-55208.pdf\">ruling \u003c/a>Wednesday by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals will allow thousands of children to petition a judge to be released while they await their day in immigration court, just as most adults in immigration custody can do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's important because we've seen children detained in excess of a year with no reason given for their detention,\" said Holly Cooper, an attorney for the plaintiffs and co-director of the Immigration Law Clinic at the UC Davis School of Law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The appeals court found that a 1997 lawsuit settlement that set standards for immigration detention of minors is still in force -- including a provision that guarantees custody hearings -- in spite of two laws passed by Congress since then dealing with immigrant children who cross the border unaccompanied by a parent.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'In the absence of such hearings, these children are held in bureaucratic limbo, left to rely upon the agency's alleged benevolence and opaque decision making.'\u003ccite>Judge Stephen Reinhardt\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/legal-document/flores-v-meese-stipulated-settlement-agreement-plus-extension-settlement\">settlement\u003c/a>, \u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">known today as Flores v. Sessions (the case was Fl\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"line-height: 1.5\">ores v. Reno back in 1997), favors family reunification and says children should be placed \"in the least restrictive setting appropriate to the minor’s age and special needs.\"\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A three-judge panel of the 9th Circuit rejected the federal government's argument that the more recent laws eliminated the right to a bond hearing under the Flores settlement because they didn't specifically mention such hearings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Without such hearings, these children have no meaningful forum in which to challenge ORR’s decisions regarding their detention or even to discover why those decisions have been made,\" wrote Judge Stephen Reinhardt for the court. He was referring to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.acf.hhs.gov/orr/programs/ucs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Office of Refugee Resettlement (ORR)\u003c/a>, the agency charged with the care and placement of unaccompanied minors in immigration proceedings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reinhardt went on: \"In the absence of such hearings, these children are held in bureaucratic limbo, left to rely upon the agency’s alleged benevolence and opaque decision making.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When adults in deportation proceedings are detained, they are held by Immigration and Customs Enforcement. But for the past 15 years, unaccompanied immigrant children are turned over to the ORR, which is part of the U.S. Health and Human Services agency. ORR officials have maintained that they alone have the authority to decide whether to release a child from custody.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooper said she and other advocates decided to challenge that in court because they felt that vulnerable children -- some as young as 8 years old -- were being denied their rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In every other detention context we could find, the individual was given an immediate right to a hearing on the legality and necessity of their detention -- whether at Guantanamo, or someone mentally ill or a child,\" she said. \"This is a modest win, because all we've done is bring the kids up to the level of rights of every other detainee. If we had lost, it would've been a very dire blow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision upholds a January ruling by U.S. District Court Judge Dolly M. Gee, based in Los Angeles. The federal government could decide to appeal, requesting review by either the full 9th Circuit or the U.S. Supreme Court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Justice Department is reviewing the Court’s ruling and considering next steps in the litigation,\" said department spokeswoman Nicole Navas Oxman in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The right to a bond hearing affords children the right to a lawyer, if they can find or pay for one (\u003ca href=\"http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/juvenile/\">fewer than half\u003c/a> of the kids in deportation proceedings have legal counsel). That's something kids in ORR custody have been denied, Cooper and other lawyers say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With her students at the UC Davis Immigration Law Clinic, Cooper has represented several immigrant teenagers held at the Yolo County Juvenile Detention Facility. ORR has a contract with the county to detain up to 30 youths in the locked juvenile jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One such teenager, Pablo Aguilar, spent 2½ years in immigration custody. In 2014 Aguilar fled a gang in El Salvador that had kidnapped, and probably killed, his brother. He came to the United States to seek asylum and reunite with his mother, who lives in Los Angeles. But despite finding his mother to be a fit parent, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/04/11/hundreds-of-migrant-teens-are-being-held-indefinitely-in-locked-detention/\">ORR would not release Pablo\u003c/a> and would not explain why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11553693\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11553693\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/momAndPhoto-800x742-800x742.jpg\" alt=\"Evelyn Aguilar holds up a photo of herself visiting with her son, Pablo, when he was detained at a facility in Oregon in 2015. Her friend, Mario, is in the background.\" width=\"800\" height=\"742\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/momAndPhoto-800x742.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/momAndPhoto-800x742-160x148.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/momAndPhoto-800x742-240x223.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/momAndPhoto-800x742-375x348.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/07/momAndPhoto-800x742-520x482.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pablo Aguilar's mother holds up a photo of herself visiting with Pablo when he was detained at a facility in Oregon in 2015. Her friend, Mario, is in the background. \u003ccite>(Tyche Hendricks/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"What will be nice about having a judge's review is that the government will have to come up with some kind of evidence,\" said Cooper. \"If we put forth evidence that he's a good kid and has a mom, ORR or ICE will have to come up with something that shows he's [a flight risk or a danger]. It will give a greater level of transparency.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past five years, more than 200,000 migrant children traveling without their parents have been detained at the U.S.-Mexico border. Tens of thousands more have been picked up with a parent. Most are from El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala, and many report fleeing violence, as criminal gangs there operate with impunity and governments struggle to respond.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vast majority of children detained by immigration authorities spend a month or so in an ORR shelter and are then placed with a relative or another sponsor while their case works its way through immigration court. But hundreds are placed in locked group homes or juvenile jails, as Pablo Aguilar was, and can be held for months or even years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 9th Circuit noted that even if an immigration judge determines a child is eligible for release, ORR must still identify a safe and secure placement into which the child can be released.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This post has been updated.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Hunger Strikes at California's Largest Immigration Detention Facility",
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"content": "\u003cp>California's biggest immigration detention center, run by the private prison company GEO Group, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/05/hunger-strike-at-californias-biggest-immigration-detention-center/\">has seen four hunger strikes and three deaths\u003c/a> since March. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GEO Group's stock has climbed dramatically since the presidential election last November. \"Getting tough\" on immigration, however, may be easier said than done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "California's biggest immigration detention center, run by the private prison company GEO Group, has seen four hunger strikes and three deaths since March. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California's biggest immigration detention center, run by the private prison company GEO Group, \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/07/05/hunger-strike-at-californias-biggest-immigration-detention-center/\">has seen four hunger strikes and three deaths\u003c/a> since March. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GEO Group's stock has climbed dramatically since the presidential election last November. \"Getting tough\" on immigration, however, may be easier said than done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Activists say that more than 30 people began a hunger strike at the Adelanto Detention Facility on Tuesday, seeking better medical care and release pending their immigration court dates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last five years, six people have died while being detained -- three of them since March 22 -- at the San Bernardino County facility, the largest immigration detention center in California. It can hold about 1,900 detainees and was almost at capacity in March, according to data from Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detainees say this is the fourth hunger strike they've conducted at the facility since June 12. During breakfast that morning nine men, mostly asylum-seekers from El Salvador, linked arms and refused to return to their cells until they could speak to guards about their concerns. Guards used pepper spray and physically removed the men to solitary cells, according to Tristan Call, a spokesman for the detainees, and ICE spokeswoman Virginia Kice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they began the hunger strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2017/07/2017-07-06d-tcr.mp3\" Image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/AdelantoDetention-1920x1280.jpg\" Title=\"Hunger Strike at California’s Biggest Immigration Detention Center\" program=\"The California Report\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are not anyone's toys,\" said Isaac Lopez Castillo, a 27-year-old from El Salvador, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/SurenxsEnAccion/videos/1704665619840959/\" target=\"_blank\">Facebook video\u003c/a> about the strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men filed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3887174-Adelanto-Hunger-Strike-Complaint-to-DHS-Office.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complaint\u003c/a> with the Department of Homeland Security's Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties alleging that they were beaten and denied medical care and access to their attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GEO Group, the private prison company that owns and operates the facility, is investigating the incident, and ICE officials will review that probe, according to Kice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The claim the men involved in this disturbance were beaten is a gross and regrettable exaggeration,\" wrote Kice in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"vYuELrN2KNZ72uqYKKDCWROldmBzsHmS\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 14, a group of nearly 30 women refused to eat for about 24 hours -- asking for medical care, \"basic respect\" from jail guards, lower bond rates and to be reunited with their families. Call said that they ended the strike after many of the women received medical care on June 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, on June 22, eight of the same men from the June 12 action began a new hunger strike, after one was deported. Call said that detainees throughout the facility have refused food periodically since they began striking on June 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kice says that the agency will implement hunger strike protocols, including medical supervision, if detainees refuse food for more than 72 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ongoing Problems with Medical Care\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While the city of Adelanto holds the contract with ICE to detain immigrants in the facility, the city also has a contract with GEO Group to run it. Early last year, GEO Group stopped providing its own medical care and subcontracted with Correct Care Solutions, keeping on many of the same staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3480649-adelantoCorrectionalFac-Adelanto-CA-Sept-18-20.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">own investigators\u003c/a> found problems at the facility, including health care delays, poor record keeping and failures to properly report sexual assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3480650-Ddr-Morales.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal investigation\u003c/a> into one of the California deaths, inspectors noted that the person who died had waited more than a year to see a specialist, that the high turnover of medical staff led to inadequate care and that a dearth of laboratory services led to delays in treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independent medical experts \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/05/08/systemic-indifference/dangerous-substandard-medical-care-us-immigration-detention\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">for Human Rights Watch\u003c/a> analyzing ICE’s investigation found that the man probably suffered from symptoms of cancer for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Long Stays in Detention\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Detainees are also requesting to be released on their own recognizance, on bond or to receive a monitoring device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant detainees, including asylum-seekers, can wait weeks, months and even years for their day in immigration court. There are currently 326 immigration judges nationwide — and they’re handling nearly 600,000 pending cases, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/pr/executive-office-immigration-review-swears-11-immigration-judges\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Justice\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/court_backlog/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">data from Syracuse University’s TRAC research center\u003c/a>. Even if the immigration courts didn’t accept a single additional case, it would take longer than two years to go through the backlog, according to TRAC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both ICE and immigration judges can release people. ICE officers make an initial determination about whether people should be detained while their immigration cases are pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"ICE makes such determinations on an individual basis taking into account all facets of the person's situation, including the individual's immigration history and criminal record, if applicable. Likewise, the agency also considers an alien's family ties, any humanitarian issues that may be involved, and whether the person is a potential flight risk,\" wrote Kice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detainees who have been convicted of criminal activity are mandatorily held in detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the U.S. Supreme Court is set to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/26/supreme-court-will-hear-california-immigrant-detention-case-again/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rehear a case\u003c/a> that could require immigration courts to conduct bond hearings every six months. The named plaintiff in the case, Alejandro Rodriguez, spent three years in ICE detention without a hearing for his release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court records \u003ca href=\"http://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/438/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analyzed by TRAC\u003c/a> showed that at least half -- and in some years upward of two-thirds -- of people are held in ICE detention while the DHS begins court proceedings to deport them. The median immigration bond was set at $8,000 in fiscal year 2016. About one in five people granted bond stayed in detention, presumably because they can't afford it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/PuebloSF/posts/1775784845781542:0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a statement\u003c/a> during the first hunger strike, the men wrote that they cannot afford bail:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are from El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala. We ask for your attention, because Adelanto is one of the prisons which exists for those who are seeking political asylum, and in reality our records are clean, none of us have prior criminal records. The bail is set impossibly high, and it’s a humiliating joke because we are poor, we don’t have that kind of money.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Activists say that more than 30 people began a hunger strike at the Adelanto Detention Facility on Tuesday, seeking better medical care and release pending their immigration court dates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last five years, six people have died while being detained -- three of them since March 22 -- at the San Bernardino County facility, the largest immigration detention center in California. It can hold about 1,900 detainees and was almost at capacity in March, according to data from Immigration and Customs Enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detainees say this is the fourth hunger strike they've conducted at the facility since June 12. During breakfast that morning nine men, mostly asylum-seekers from El Salvador, linked arms and refused to return to their cells until they could speak to guards about their concerns. Guards used pepper spray and physically removed the men to solitary cells, according to Tristan Call, a spokesman for the detainees, and ICE spokeswoman Virginia Kice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then they began the hunger strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are not anyone's toys,\" said Isaac Lopez Castillo, a 27-year-old from El Salvador, in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/SurenxsEnAccion/videos/1704665619840959/\" target=\"_blank\">Facebook video\u003c/a> about the strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men filed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3887174-Adelanto-Hunger-Strike-Complaint-to-DHS-Office.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">complaint\u003c/a> with the Department of Homeland Security's Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties alleging that they were beaten and denied medical care and access to their attorneys.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GEO Group, the private prison company that owns and operates the facility, is investigating the incident, and ICE officials will review that probe, according to Kice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The claim the men involved in this disturbance were beaten is a gross and regrettable exaggeration,\" wrote Kice in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 14, a group of nearly 30 women refused to eat for about 24 hours -- asking for medical care, \"basic respect\" from jail guards, lower bond rates and to be reunited with their families. Call said that they ended the strike after many of the women received medical care on June 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, on June 22, eight of the same men from the June 12 action began a new hunger strike, after one was deported. Call said that detainees throughout the facility have refused food periodically since they began striking on June 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kice says that the agency will implement hunger strike protocols, including medical supervision, if detainees refuse food for more than 72 hours.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Ongoing Problems with Medical Care\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>While the city of Adelanto holds the contract with ICE to detain immigrants in the facility, the city also has a contract with GEO Group to run it. Early last year, GEO Group stopped providing its own medical care and subcontracted with Correct Care Solutions, keeping on many of the same staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ICE’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3480649-adelantoCorrectionalFac-Adelanto-CA-Sept-18-20.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">own investigators\u003c/a> found problems at the facility, including health care delays, poor record keeping and failures to properly report sexual assaults.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/3480650-Ddr-Morales.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">federal investigation\u003c/a> into one of the California deaths, inspectors noted that the person who died had waited more than a year to see a specialist, that the high turnover of medical staff led to inadequate care and that a dearth of laboratory services led to delays in treatment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Independent medical experts \u003ca href=\"https://www.hrw.org/report/2017/05/08/systemic-indifference/dangerous-substandard-medical-care-us-immigration-detention\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">for Human Rights Watch\u003c/a> analyzing ICE’s investigation found that the man probably suffered from symptoms of cancer for two years.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Long Stays in Detention\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Detainees are also requesting to be released on their own recognizance, on bond or to receive a monitoring device.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant detainees, including asylum-seekers, can wait weeks, months and even years for their day in immigration court. There are currently 326 immigration judges nationwide — and they’re handling nearly 600,000 pending cases, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.justice.gov/eoir/pr/executive-office-immigration-review-swears-11-immigration-judges\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Department of Justice\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://trac.syr.edu/phptools/immigration/court_backlog/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">data from Syracuse University’s TRAC research center\u003c/a>. Even if the immigration courts didn’t accept a single additional case, it would take longer than two years to go through the backlog, according to TRAC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both ICE and immigration judges can release people. ICE officers make an initial determination about whether people should be detained while their immigration cases are pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"ICE makes such determinations on an individual basis taking into account all facets of the person's situation, including the individual's immigration history and criminal record, if applicable. Likewise, the agency also considers an alien's family ties, any humanitarian issues that may be involved, and whether the person is a potential flight risk,\" wrote Kice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Detainees who have been convicted of criminal activity are mandatorily held in detention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Currently, the U.S. Supreme Court is set to \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/06/26/supreme-court-will-hear-california-immigrant-detention-case-again/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">rehear a case\u003c/a> that could require immigration courts to conduct bond hearings every six months. The named plaintiff in the case, Alejandro Rodriguez, spent three years in ICE detention without a hearing for his release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court records \u003ca href=\"http://trac.syr.edu/immigration/reports/438/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">analyzed by TRAC\u003c/a> showed that at least half -- and in some years upward of two-thirds -- of people are held in ICE detention while the DHS begins court proceedings to deport them. The median immigration bond was set at $8,000 in fiscal year 2016. About one in five people granted bond stayed in detention, presumably because they can't afford it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/PuebloSF/posts/1775784845781542:0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">a statement\u003c/a> during the first hunger strike, the men wrote that they cannot afford bail:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are from El Salvador, Honduras, and Guatemala. 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}
},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
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"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
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