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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>UPDATE: 1:15 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Jerry Brown has agreed to deploy 400 National Guard troops at President Trump's request, but not all will head to the U.S.-Mexico border and none will do federal immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A letter sent Wednesday to the Trump administration by Brown says the California troops will focus on combating transnational drug crime, firearms smuggling and human trafficking. California Guard members may be deployed at the border, the coast and elsewhere statewide. They would join 250 existing California National Guard troops, including 55 who are at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said the California troops will not help build a wall or \"detain people escaping violence and seeking a better life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government must agree to the terms before the troops would be deployed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump wants up to 4,000 troops sent to the border to combat illegal immigration and drug trafficking. He already won commitments for about 1,600 from the Republican governors of the other states that border Mexico — Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/04/10/gov-brown-quiet-on-deploying-national-guard-to-mexican-border/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Brown, a Democrat, originally said California was still reviewing the effort on Tuesday.\u003c/a> The Governor has repeatedly clashed with Trump over immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deployment of troops from Arizona, New Mexico and Texas was already underway Tuesday with a gradual ramp-up planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration also announced that Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen will visit this week a stretch of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/14/americas-wall-the-decades-long-struggle-to-secure-the-u-s-mexico-border/\">new border wall\u003c/a> breaking ground in New Mexico, putting additional focus on what Trump has called a crisis of migrant crossings and crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The construction and the commitment of Guard members provoked fresh condemnation from immigrant activists and praise from border-state Republican governors, who will retain command and control of their state's Guard during a mission that for now has no firm end date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Texas, where Republican Gov. Greg Abbott has pledged to put more than 1,000 Guard members into action, military officials said Tuesday that 300 troops would report to armories this week for preparation and training. Texas has previously kept about 100 Guard members stationed on the border for years as part of its own border security efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What is different now, it is happening in a different context and a different narrative,\" said Fernando Garcia, director of the Border Network for Human Rights, an immigrant advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking from the Rio Grande Valley where immigrant crossings are the highest along the 2,000-mile (3,200-kilometer) U.S.-Mexico border, Garcia said, \"When you hear the narrative of the president, it seems to him the enemy is the immigrant family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbott said in a statement Tuesday that the Guard has \"proven to have a meaningful impact\" in reducing immigration and crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Texas border town of Roma, about a half-dozen uniformed Guard members were seen Tuesday near an international bridge along the Rio Grande. Children played just across the river in Mexico, and it wasn't clear whether the Guard members were new or part of Texas' earlier observe-and-report missions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Guard member was armed with an M4 rifle and used binoculars to peer across the river. Pickup trucks with Guard members inside circled the town square along with border patrol vehicles. Mexican children who had attended school on the U.S. side of the border showed their passports and paid a toll to cross a bridge over the river and walk home to the Mexican community of Ciudad Miguel Aleman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/04/03/trump-calls-for-military-forces-on-u-s-mexico-border/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump said last week he wants to send 2,000 to 4,000 National Guard members to the border\u003c/a>, issuing a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/04/04/president-trump-to-sign-proclamation-to-send-national-guard-troops-to-mexican-border/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proclamation\u003c/a> citing \"the lawlessness that continues at our southern border.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump administration officials have said that rising numbers of people being caught at the southern border, while in line with seasonal trends in recent years, require an immediate response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monthly border arrests surpassed 50,000 in March for the first time since December 2016. The Border Patrol, which polices between but not at official crossings, made more than 37,000 of those arrests, including more than 14,000 in Texas' Rio Grande Valley, nearly 6,000 in its Tucson, Arizona, sector and more than 4,000 in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inspectors at official crossings made nearly 13,000 arrests in March, led by the Laredo, Texas, field office with more than 4,800 and the San Diego field office with about 3,800.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apprehensions are still well below their historical trends during the terms of former Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama, both of whom also deployed the Guard to the border. California deployed troops to the border under both Bush and Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Guard members will be armed if they are placed in potential danger, Abbott said, adding he wanted to downplay speculation that \"our National Guard is showing up with military bayonets trying to take on anybody that's coming across the border, because that is not their role.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no end date for the deployment, Abbott said: \"We may be in this for the long haul.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said he wants to use the military at the border until progress is made on his proposed border wall, which has mostly stalled in Congress. Defense Secretary James Mattis last Friday approved paying for up to 4,000 National Guard personnel from the Pentagon budget through the end of September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico's foreign relations secretary said his government is evaluating its cooperation with the United States.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>UPDATE: 1:15 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California Gov. Jerry Brown has agreed to deploy 400 National Guard troops at President Trump's request, but not all will head to the U.S.-Mexico border and none will do federal immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A letter sent Wednesday to the Trump administration by Brown says the California troops will focus on combating transnational drug crime, firearms smuggling and human trafficking. California Guard members may be deployed at the border, the coast and elsewhere statewide. They would join 250 existing California National Guard troops, including 55 who are at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said the California troops will not help build a wall or \"detain people escaping violence and seeking a better life.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government must agree to the terms before the troops would be deployed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump wants up to 4,000 troops sent to the border to combat illegal immigration and drug trafficking. He already won commitments for about 1,600 from the Republican governors of the other states that border Mexico — Arizona, New Mexico and Texas. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/04/10/gov-brown-quiet-on-deploying-national-guard-to-mexican-border/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Brown, a Democrat, originally said California was still reviewing the effort on Tuesday.\u003c/a> The Governor has repeatedly clashed with Trump over immigration policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The deployment of troops from Arizona, New Mexico and Texas was already underway Tuesday with a gradual ramp-up planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration also announced that Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen will visit this week a stretch of \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/11/14/americas-wall-the-decades-long-struggle-to-secure-the-u-s-mexico-border/\">new border wall\u003c/a> breaking ground in New Mexico, putting additional focus on what Trump has called a crisis of migrant crossings and crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The construction and the commitment of Guard members provoked fresh condemnation from immigrant activists and praise from border-state Republican governors, who will retain command and control of their state's Guard during a mission that for now has no firm end date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Texas, where Republican Gov. Greg Abbott has pledged to put more than 1,000 Guard members into action, military officials said Tuesday that 300 troops would report to armories this week for preparation and training. Texas has previously kept about 100 Guard members stationed on the border for years as part of its own border security efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What is different now, it is happening in a different context and a different narrative,\" said Fernando Garcia, director of the Border Network for Human Rights, an immigrant advocacy group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking from the Rio Grande Valley where immigrant crossings are the highest along the 2,000-mile (3,200-kilometer) U.S.-Mexico border, Garcia said, \"When you hear the narrative of the president, it seems to him the enemy is the immigrant family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abbott said in a statement Tuesday that the Guard has \"proven to have a meaningful impact\" in reducing immigration and crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Texas border town of Roma, about a half-dozen uniformed Guard members were seen Tuesday near an international bridge along the Rio Grande. Children played just across the river in Mexico, and it wasn't clear whether the Guard members were new or part of Texas' earlier observe-and-report missions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Guard member was armed with an M4 rifle and used binoculars to peer across the river. Pickup trucks with Guard members inside circled the town square along with border patrol vehicles. Mexican children who had attended school on the U.S. side of the border showed their passports and paid a toll to cross a bridge over the river and walk home to the Mexican community of Ciudad Miguel Aleman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/04/03/trump-calls-for-military-forces-on-u-s-mexico-border/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump said last week he wants to send 2,000 to 4,000 National Guard members to the border\u003c/a>, issuing a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2018/04/04/president-trump-to-sign-proclamation-to-send-national-guard-troops-to-mexican-border/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proclamation\u003c/a> citing \"the lawlessness that continues at our southern border.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump administration officials have said that rising numbers of people being caught at the southern border, while in line with seasonal trends in recent years, require an immediate response.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Monthly border arrests surpassed 50,000 in March for the first time since December 2016. The Border Patrol, which polices between but not at official crossings, made more than 37,000 of those arrests, including more than 14,000 in Texas' Rio Grande Valley, nearly 6,000 in its Tucson, Arizona, sector and more than 4,000 in San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inspectors at official crossings made nearly 13,000 arrests in March, led by the Laredo, Texas, field office with more than 4,800 and the San Diego field office with about 3,800.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apprehensions are still well below their historical trends during the terms of former Presidents George W. Bush and Barack Obama, both of whom also deployed the Guard to the border. California deployed troops to the border under both Bush and Obama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some Guard members will be armed if they are placed in potential danger, Abbott said, adding he wanted to downplay speculation that \"our National Guard is showing up with military bayonets trying to take on anybody that's coming across the border, because that is not their role.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is no end date for the deployment, Abbott said: \"We may be in this for the long haul.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has said he wants to use the military at the border until progress is made on his proposed border wall, which has mostly stalled in Congress. Defense Secretary James Mattis last Friday approved paying for up to 4,000 National Guard personnel from the Pentagon budget through the end of September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico's foreign relations secretary said his government is evaluating its cooperation with the United States.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003ch2>Coalition Says Sacramento Kings' Community Contributions Will Go Beyond Money\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Members of the Build. Black. Coalition met with the Sacramento Kings basketball organization to discuss the team's investments in the city's black community after the shooting of Stephon Clark.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Chet Hewitt \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"http://kcbx.org/post/cal-poly-fraternity-party-prompts-allegations-racism\">Cal Poly Fraternity Party Prompts Allegations of Racism\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This weekend, a white student at Cal Poly in San Luis Obispo decided to paint his face black. It was during a frat party, and at first the fraternity try to explain his use of black face as having nothing do with race.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Tyler Pratt \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660897/gov-brown-quiet-on-deploying-national-guard-to-mexican-border\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gov. Brown Quiet on Deploying National Guard to Mexican Border\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Unlike the governors of Arizona, New Mexico and Texas, Gov. Jerry Brown isn’t saying whether California National Guard troops will be sent to the Mexican border as President Trump is asking.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Katie Orr\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cambridge Analytica Scandal Spurs Users to Question Whether to Stay on Facebook\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg is getting set to take the hot seat in front of lawmakers later today. He'll try to help them understand why Facebook allowed Cambridge Analytica to share 87 million people's data.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Sam Harnett \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Kaiser to Invest in Gun Violence Research\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Kaiser Permanente will spend $2 million to study gun injuries, including how to stop them in the communities where Kaiser doctors work.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Laura Klivans\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003ch2>Coalition Says Sacramento Kings' Community Contributions Will Go Beyond Money\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Members of the Build. Black. Coalition met with the Sacramento Kings basketball organization to discuss the team's investments in the city's black community after the shooting of Stephon Clark.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Guest: Chet Hewitt \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"http://kcbx.org/post/cal-poly-fraternity-party-prompts-allegations-racism\">Cal Poly Fraternity Party Prompts Allegations of Racism\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>This weekend, a white student at Cal Poly in San Luis Obispo decided to paint his face black. It was during a frat party, and at first the fraternity try to explain his use of black face as having nothing do with race.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Tyler Pratt \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11660897/gov-brown-quiet-on-deploying-national-guard-to-mexican-border\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gov. Brown Quiet on Deploying National Guard to Mexican Border\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Unlike the governors of Arizona, New Mexico and Texas, Gov. Jerry Brown isn’t saying whether California National Guard troops will be sent to the Mexican border as President Trump is asking.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Katie Orr\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Cambridge Analytica Scandal Spurs Users to Question Whether to Stay on Facebook\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg is getting set to take the hot seat in front of lawmakers later today. He'll try to help them understand why Facebook allowed Cambridge Analytica to share 87 million people's data.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Sam Harnett \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Kaiser to Invest in Gun Violence Research\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Kaiser Permanente will spend $2 million to study gun injuries, including how to stop them in the communities where Kaiser doctors work.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Laura Klivans\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Gov. Brown Hedges on Sending Troops to California's Border With Mexico",
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"content": "\u003cp>California Gov. Jerry Brown has been silent on President Donald Trump's call this week for National Guard troops to help protect the southern border with Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That contrasts with the Democratic governor's quick response when Trump's administration recently sued over the deep blue state's immigration policy days before the president journeyed to San Diego to view his border wall prototypes earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was just the latest jousting in the escalating feud between the Trump administration and California, which has resisted the president at almost every turn on issues from marijuana policy to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the questions and answers on relations between the Trump administration and California:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What does Trump want from California? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president wants to send 2,000 to 4,000 National Guard troops to the U.S.-Mexico border to help federal authorities combat illegal immigration and drug trafficking. It isn't clear how many he would seek from California. They would provide support but not go on patrols or make arrests. Republican governors in the other border states of Arizona, New Mexico and Texas backed the deployment. Even Iowa's Republican governor offered to send National Guard troops from the Midwest. Democratic governors in Oregon and Montana have said they wouldn't send troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Guard already has 55 employees helping fight drug trafficking, surveillance in the San Diego Harbor, repairing fences, roads and culverts and analyzing criminal activity in cooperation with state and federal law enforcement agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How had Gov. Brown responded?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has personally spoken with U.S. Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen and other federal officials, but he hasn't publicly commented or made a decision. His office has instead referred questions to a spokesman for the California National Guard, which has said it needs more details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's in contrast to Brown's sharp response last month when U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions sued to block three California laws to protect immigrants who are in the country illegally, which Brown called \"a political stunt.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Guard says it can't respond until it has more information, including who would pay for the deployment, how long it would last and what it is expected to accomplish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown's decision might depend on the mission: would California troops be fighting international drug smugglers, or helping block immigrants from crossing the border?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why is Gov. Brown keeping his powder dry?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He may just be weighing the state's policy and waiting for those answers, says Claremont McKenna College political science professor Jack Pitney. \"Trump's plan is pretty vague. It's possible at the end that Trump's request is somewhat reasonable,\" Pitney says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In contrast to his 1970s persona as an eccentric, Jerry Brown is actually a pretty cautious warrior and he's probably just weighing the policy merits of this move.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there political considerations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, on both sides, says San Jose State University political science professor says Larry Gerston. Trump is appealing to his conservative base, he says, not only on immigration but on issues as broad as gay rights and automobile emissions, all touchstones for California's liberal majority. \"The list goes on and on and on and so the governor from his perspective has to ask himself 'Why? Why should I be interested in cooperating when I'm getting nothing back from the federal government,'\" he said. \"So I do think that policy and politics come together here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What does the White House say? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump spokeswoman Sarah Huckabee Sanders says the administration will \"absolutely\" move forward with other border states if California balks at providing National Guard troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're working with states' governors right now to go through this process and we hope to have National Guard on the ground as soon as possible,\" she said Friday. \"And we're going to continue to work with California and we're hopeful that they'll do the right thing and help protect our borders.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California Gov. Jerry Brown has been silent on President Donald Trump's call this week for National Guard troops to help protect the southern border with Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That contrasts with the Democratic governor's quick response when Trump's administration recently sued over the deep blue state's immigration policy days before the president journeyed to San Diego to view his border wall prototypes earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was just the latest jousting in the escalating feud between the Trump administration and California, which has resisted the president at almost every turn on issues from marijuana policy to climate change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the questions and answers on relations between the Trump administration and California:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What does Trump want from California? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president wants to send 2,000 to 4,000 National Guard troops to the U.S.-Mexico border to help federal authorities combat illegal immigration and drug trafficking. It isn't clear how many he would seek from California. They would provide support but not go on patrols or make arrests. Republican governors in the other border states of Arizona, New Mexico and Texas backed the deployment. Even Iowa's Republican governor offered to send National Guard troops from the Midwest. Democratic governors in Oregon and Montana have said they wouldn't send troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Guard already has 55 employees helping fight drug trafficking, surveillance in the San Diego Harbor, repairing fences, roads and culverts and analyzing criminal activity in cooperation with state and federal law enforcement agencies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How had Gov. Brown responded?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown has personally spoken with U.S. Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen and other federal officials, but he hasn't publicly commented or made a decision. His office has instead referred questions to a spokesman for the California National Guard, which has said it needs more details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's in contrast to Brown's sharp response last month when U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions sued to block three California laws to protect immigrants who are in the country illegally, which Brown called \"a political stunt.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Guard says it can't respond until it has more information, including who would pay for the deployment, how long it would last and what it is expected to accomplish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown's decision might depend on the mission: would California troops be fighting international drug smugglers, or helping block immigrants from crossing the border?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why is Gov. Brown keeping his powder dry?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He may just be weighing the state's policy and waiting for those answers, says Claremont McKenna College political science professor Jack Pitney. \"Trump's plan is pretty vague. It's possible at the end that Trump's request is somewhat reasonable,\" Pitney says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In contrast to his 1970s persona as an eccentric, Jerry Brown is actually a pretty cautious warrior and he's probably just weighing the policy merits of this move.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Are there political considerations?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, on both sides, says San Jose State University political science professor says Larry Gerston. Trump is appealing to his conservative base, he says, not only on immigration but on issues as broad as gay rights and automobile emissions, all touchstones for California's liberal majority. \"The list goes on and on and on and so the governor from his perspective has to ask himself 'Why? Why should I be interested in cooperating when I'm getting nothing back from the federal government,'\" he said. \"So I do think that policy and politics come together here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What does the White House say? \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump spokeswoman Sarah Huckabee Sanders says the administration will \"absolutely\" move forward with other border states if California balks at providing National Guard troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're working with states' governors right now to go through this process and we hope to have National Guard on the ground as soon as possible,\" she said Friday. \"And we're going to continue to work with California and we're hopeful that they'll do the right thing and help protect our borders.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "A Retirement Home of Their Own: South Asians Move Into Senior Living",
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"content": "\u003cp>As one gets older there can be a longing for the smells, sounds and tastes of the worlds in which we first became ourselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants, too, often yearn for a familiar past, for the homeland in which they were born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a parallel between the immigrant experience and the experience of aging. The novelist Mohsin Hamid writes, “We are all migrants through time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if you are a migrant through both time and place -- an immigrant growing old in America?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act into law, a law that swung open the doors for many immigrants, \u003ca href=\"https://www.saada.org/tides/article/20151001-4458\">especially South Asians, \u003c/a>to come to America. Now, that big wave of immigrants is growing old and retiring. Not the baby boom generation exactly; more like the immigration boom generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, when South Asian immigrants have grown older, they've gone back home, choosing to spend their last years in the country of their birth. Indian Americans who stay in the United States often move in with their children. For aging Desis in America, those are still the most obvious paths. Only recently have they had choices tailored to them, like Indian-specific retirement communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, where many Silicon Valley suburbs have large South Asians populations, South Asian senior living is poised to become a growth industry. This demographic — highly educated, with healthy savings — has the kind of economic power that usually gives people the privilege of choosing where they want to live after they retire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[audio src=\"https://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/RDnews/2018/03/DirksRetirementCommunities.mp3\" title=\"A Retirement Home of Their Own: South Asians Move Into Senior Living\" program=\"KQED News\" image=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/IMG_4456-e1523035959677.jpg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahesh Nihalani greets me at the entrance to Priya, an Indian retirement community in Santa Clara. Nihalani, who everyone here calls Mahesh Uncle, ushers me into the courtyard of what looks like was once a two-story 1970s-style motel. Now it is painted brightly in a brick red, with flourishes of pink and blue, with Indian motifs swirling on the balconies' edges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost immediately Mahesh is putting out little plates of chaat, or Indian street food, and making perfect Anglo-Indian puns. “Have a little chaat and then we can chat,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They do this every Friday in the large courtyard, says Mahesh. “We get all the different street foods of India, which they relate to because all of these people -- all seniors are born there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “they” he refers to are the 36 senior residents who live in this bustling apartment complex, almost all of them Indian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This older generation that came from India in the 1960s, at this point in their life, they want their own environment,” Mahesh says. While their kids have grown up and assimilated, he says these seniors are looking for the feeling of home -- “a place with their own culture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arun Paul built and opened the first Priya Living in Santa Clara in 2013. Paul says he saw the need for a retirement community where Indian aunties and uncles did not feel like the \"other.\" Simple things like familiar food can make a huge difference in helping seniors feel at home, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone wants to eat with their hands, they can feel comfortable doing that. If somebody wants to be barefoot, they can feel comfortable doing that,” Paul says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul grew up in the Southern California ethnoburb of Cerritos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up, “I never felt like the 'other,' \" he says. \"That was a really amazing feeling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I moved away, and my parents stayed,” Paul says. “I just had this sense of sadness about it, the way we’ve built our communities -- we’ve separated people from one another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul graduated from Stanford University and got into real estate. He ended up developing resort communities in places from Sante Fe to Fiji. But then the 2008 financial crisis hit, and that all came to an end. Paul realized he had been building places people wanted, but not what they needed. He started to think about what people needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started to think about his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted my parents to move to the Bay Area,” he says. “That was what started it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He embarked on his most personal development project -- Priya. In 2015, Paul opened a second Priya Living in Fremont. Over 20 percent of Fremont’s population is South Asian. Now he is in the process of building another Priya Living in Fremont, this time a 122-unit apartment complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He shows me around the apartment complex, currently under construction. He is planning on making everything from a communal kitchen to an outdoor movie theater. He tells me they are creating an outdoor screening room here, something Paul describes as inspired by the movie \"Cinema Paradiso,\" “but done with a bit of a Bollywood twist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A one-bedroom in this complex will cost about $2,500 a month, which Paul says is below market rate for this kind of retirement community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul is not the only developer \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/health/retirement-communities-indian-chinese.html\">tapping into this trend\u003c/a>. There are now South Asian-specific retirement communities in New Jersey and New York. There is even one in the American retiree mecca of Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Paul’s initial inspiration, his parents, he says he did get them to move north from Cerritos to Santa Clara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Santa Clara Priya courtyard, Mahesh Uncle has put out all the remaining chaat. He introduces me to a beautiful older woman, with a shock of silver hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is Kulu Paul, known here as Kulu Ma, Arun Paul's mother, and the not-so-unofficial queen of the courtyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband moved from their single-family home in Southern California to be closer to her son, his wife and their grandchildren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But that is not only the reason we moved,” Kulu Ma says. “We like to live with the community.” She says she wants to have people and friends around so they have company whenever they want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahesh Uncle and Kulu Ma tell me that in India, old people’s homes were not like they are now, in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Old people were just sent to a home to stay,” Mahesh Uncle says. They were told, “now this is where you are -- you don’t belong to the house -- so this is where you are.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In India not belonging to a house is like being excommunicated. If you are put away from the home, the world shuts off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the courtyard of Priya Living, the world keeps beating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we drink our chai and eat biscuits, people float in and out of their apartments. A resident is guided through physical therapy while the grandkids of other residents run around. A little girl, about 4 years old, a granddaughter of one of the residents, has just been to the dentist. She can't speak because of the bandage in her mouth, but she makes laps around the courtyard. There is a hum of conversation and a proximity to neighbors, a way of occupying communal space, that reminds me of only one place. India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe you can recreate India in an urban stretch of space in America, as has been done in New York and Chicago. But on the surface, it does not seem as easy to make a model of India in the sprawling strip malls and gated communities of these Silicon Valley suburbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some strange way, that is exactly what is happening here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A resident, who has been exercising on an adult-size tricycle, stops to sit at the folding table where we are taking tea. Mahesh Uncle introduces him as Mr. Sudhakar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mr. Sudhakar tells me that he came here, to Priya Living, with his wife all the way from Wisconsin. I ask him how he ended up in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I fly,” he says, deadpan. “How else do you think?” Everyone laughs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jokes aside, he and his wife have come here to be closer to their daughter, who lives in Cupertino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tea time is over and Mahesh Uncle starts recruiting residents for the afternoon activity of karaoke. He's talking about old Bollywood songs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahesh Uncle says he is very happy being an “almost senior” at Priya. He takes the lead in singing karaoke, with his clear, unabashed voice, cajoling the others to join in and sing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahesh says when it comes to the end, the final moments of his life, he knows he has to go back home to India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last innings absolutely of my life I should spend there,” Mahesh Uncle says. “I should die there, in India.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For those who stay in the States, communities like Priya Living create a hybrid space, at once both very Indian and very American, trying to replicate a faraway home for those who can afford it.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As one gets older there can be a longing for the smells, sounds and tastes of the worlds in which we first became ourselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants, too, often yearn for a familiar past, for the homeland in which they were born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is a parallel between the immigrant experience and the experience of aging. The novelist Mohsin Hamid writes, “We are all migrants through time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what if you are a migrant through both time and place -- an immigrant growing old in America?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Immigration and Nationality Act into law, a law that swung open the doors for many immigrants, \u003ca href=\"https://www.saada.org/tides/article/20151001-4458\">especially South Asians, \u003c/a>to come to America. Now, that big wave of immigrants is growing old and retiring. Not the baby boom generation exactly; more like the immigration boom generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traditionally, when South Asian immigrants have grown older, they've gone back home, choosing to spend their last years in the country of their birth. Indian Americans who stay in the United States often move in with their children. For aging Desis in America, those are still the most obvious paths. Only recently have they had choices tailored to them, like Indian-specific retirement communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Bay Area, where many Silicon Valley suburbs have large South Asians populations, South Asian senior living is poised to become a growth industry. This demographic — highly educated, with healthy savings — has the kind of economic power that usually gives people the privilege of choosing where they want to live after they retire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahesh Nihalani greets me at the entrance to Priya, an Indian retirement community in Santa Clara. Nihalani, who everyone here calls Mahesh Uncle, ushers me into the courtyard of what looks like was once a two-story 1970s-style motel. Now it is painted brightly in a brick red, with flourishes of pink and blue, with Indian motifs swirling on the balconies' edges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost immediately Mahesh is putting out little plates of chaat, or Indian street food, and making perfect Anglo-Indian puns. “Have a little chaat and then we can chat,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They do this every Friday in the large courtyard, says Mahesh. “We get all the different street foods of India, which they relate to because all of these people -- all seniors are born there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The “they” he refers to are the 36 senior residents who live in this bustling apartment complex, almost all of them Indian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This older generation that came from India in the 1960s, at this point in their life, they want their own environment,” Mahesh says. While their kids have grown up and assimilated, he says these seniors are looking for the feeling of home -- “a place with their own culture.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arun Paul built and opened the first Priya Living in Santa Clara in 2013. Paul says he saw the need for a retirement community where Indian aunties and uncles did not feel like the \"other.\" Simple things like familiar food can make a huge difference in helping seniors feel at home, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone wants to eat with their hands, they can feel comfortable doing that. If somebody wants to be barefoot, they can feel comfortable doing that,” Paul says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul grew up in the Southern California ethnoburb of Cerritos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Growing up, “I never felt like the 'other,' \" he says. \"That was a really amazing feeling.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I moved away, and my parents stayed,” Paul says. “I just had this sense of sadness about it, the way we’ve built our communities -- we’ve separated people from one another.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul graduated from Stanford University and got into real estate. He ended up developing resort communities in places from Sante Fe to Fiji. But then the 2008 financial crisis hit, and that all came to an end. Paul realized he had been building places people wanted, but not what they needed. He started to think about what people needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He started to think about his parents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I wanted my parents to move to the Bay Area,” he says. “That was what started it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He embarked on his most personal development project -- Priya. In 2015, Paul opened a second Priya Living in Fremont. Over 20 percent of Fremont’s population is South Asian. Now he is in the process of building another Priya Living in Fremont, this time a 122-unit apartment complex.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He shows me around the apartment complex, currently under construction. He is planning on making everything from a communal kitchen to an outdoor movie theater. He tells me they are creating an outdoor screening room here, something Paul describes as inspired by the movie \"Cinema Paradiso,\" “but done with a bit of a Bollywood twist.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A one-bedroom in this complex will cost about $2,500 a month, which Paul says is below market rate for this kind of retirement community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paul is not the only developer \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/29/health/retirement-communities-indian-chinese.html\">tapping into this trend\u003c/a>. There are now South Asian-specific retirement communities in New Jersey and New York. There is even one in the American retiree mecca of Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for Paul’s initial inspiration, his parents, he says he did get them to move north from Cerritos to Santa Clara.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Santa Clara Priya courtyard, Mahesh Uncle has put out all the remaining chaat. He introduces me to a beautiful older woman, with a shock of silver hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She is Kulu Paul, known here as Kulu Ma, Arun Paul's mother, and the not-so-unofficial queen of the courtyard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She and her husband moved from their single-family home in Southern California to be closer to her son, his wife and their grandchildren.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But that is not only the reason we moved,” Kulu Ma says. “We like to live with the community.” She says she wants to have people and friends around so they have company whenever they want.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahesh Uncle and Kulu Ma tell me that in India, old people’s homes were not like they are now, in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Old people were just sent to a home to stay,” Mahesh Uncle says. They were told, “now this is where you are -- you don’t belong to the house -- so this is where you are.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In India not belonging to a house is like being excommunicated. If you are put away from the home, the world shuts off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the courtyard of Priya Living, the world keeps beating.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we drink our chai and eat biscuits, people float in and out of their apartments. A resident is guided through physical therapy while the grandkids of other residents run around. A little girl, about 4 years old, a granddaughter of one of the residents, has just been to the dentist. She can't speak because of the bandage in her mouth, but she makes laps around the courtyard. There is a hum of conversation and a proximity to neighbors, a way of occupying communal space, that reminds me of only one place. India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe you can recreate India in an urban stretch of space in America, as has been done in New York and Chicago. But on the surface, it does not seem as easy to make a model of India in the sprawling strip malls and gated communities of these Silicon Valley suburbs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some strange way, that is exactly what is happening here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A resident, who has been exercising on an adult-size tricycle, stops to sit at the folding table where we are taking tea. Mahesh Uncle introduces him as Mr. Sudhakar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mr. Sudhakar tells me that he came here, to Priya Living, with his wife all the way from Wisconsin. I ask him how he ended up in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I fly,” he says, deadpan. “How else do you think?” Everyone laughs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jokes aside, he and his wife have come here to be closer to their daughter, who lives in Cupertino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tea time is over and Mahesh Uncle starts recruiting residents for the afternoon activity of karaoke. He's talking about old Bollywood songs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahesh Uncle says he is very happy being an “almost senior” at Priya. He takes the lead in singing karaoke, with his clear, unabashed voice, cajoling the others to join in and sing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mahesh says when it comes to the end, the final moments of his life, he knows he has to go back home to India.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The last innings absolutely of my life I should spend there,” Mahesh Uncle says. “I should die there, in India.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>At last count, nearly a dozen local governments in California have now voted to oppose what’s known as the state’s “sanctuary law” — Senate Bill 54 — escalating tensions over the long divisive issue of illegal immigration in the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, passed last year, aims to protect some immigrants in the country illegally by limiting cooperation between local law enforcement and federal immigration authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is believed to have the largest population in the country of undocumented immigrants, and the state is on the front lines of the resistance to the Trump administration. But the recent wave of opposition to California’s opposition to the administration is turning some heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of it began in the small Orange County suburb of Los Alamitos, where the city council passed a measure last month to opt out of the ‘sanctuary’ law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like the direction California is [going],” says Warren Kusumoto, Mayor Pro Tem of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kusumoto decided to draft the initiative because he said Los Alamitos is caught in the middle of a national political fight and is being asked to work under conflicting laws. The small city of 11,000 also has close economic ties to the federal government. It is home to several companies with large federal contracts as well as a U.S. military base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are also bigger symbolic reasons at play. Kusumoto is frustrated more broadly with state policies on everything from taxes to immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a state, we’ve squandered away what the ‘Greatest Generation’ provided for us,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kusumoto is a Republican and Japanese American — in his words, a product of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe my grandparents did it the right way, they were able to immigrate, become naturalized eventually and citizens,” he says. “Why is that not the right way for anybody to come over here as immigrants?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/600211565/600288268\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some Southern California suburbs, and in many rural areas, there’s mounting frustration that views like Kusumoto’s are being crowded out by liberal cities that have gone to battle with President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you start to legislate that we cannot cooperate or communicate with another law enforcement partner, that is problematic,” says Orange County Undersheriff Don Barnes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the sheriff’s office began posting the release dates of inmates online, using an existing database, they say, to alert federal immigration authorities to potential issues. That move was widely seen as an open defiance to Sacramento. Sheriff officials had loudly opposed SB-54 when it was under consideration last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We shouldn’t be mixing public safety with politics,” Barnes says. “And there’s a crossover that keeps happening that is becoming more politically driven [that’s] disregarding the public’s safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it is clear that at least the undercurrent of this recent backlash in Southern California is also political.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the dying gasp of Orange County’s nasty brand of conservativism that’s infected the body politic of the United States for far too long,” says Gustavo Arellano, a longtime liberal columnist here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason the wave of conservative opposition has turned some heads is that pundits had been predicting that Orange County in particular was beginning to turn blue. In the 2016 presidential race, for instance, the county voted Democratic for the first time since 1936. The demographics have changed dramatically since the 1990s. Whites are now in the minority in the O.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Arellano says more diversity doesn’t necessarily mean it’s more Democratic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the city councils – and the Orange County Board of Supervisors which voted to join the Trump administration’s lawsuit against California – are still controlled by Republicans. And 2016 may have been an anomaly, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately the Orange County dream is suburbia and suburbia turns even the most fresh off the boat person from Mexico or whatever into a rock-ribbed Republican,” Arellano says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the national political divide is just as sharp – and complicated – in Southern California as it is anywhere else. At heated public hearings you can see a mix of local grassroots activists from both sides mingling with Trump supporters who travel from meeting to meeting, some from as far away as Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Put the lives of Americans and American safety first,” said Jennifer Harrison, of Phoenix, who testified this week at a hearing in Escondido. She added: “Americans have dreams too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, Escondido became the latest city to pass a resolution condemning California’s sanctuary law, voting to file a legal brief in support of the Trump administration’s lawsuit against the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Alamitos, where the recent backlash began, Warren Kusumoto says he was surprised by all the attention that his council’s “opt out” ordinance got. He also resents the fact that some on the left have cast his city as some sort of anti-immigrant enclave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I may be anti-illegal immigration but I don’t hate people,” Kusumoto says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Alamitos leaders aren’t sure whether their decision will hold up if it’s challenged in court. But, they say, it’s started a much needed debate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Conservative+California+Cities+Revolt+Against+State%27s+Anti-Trump+Policies&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At last count, nearly a dozen local governments in California have now voted to oppose what’s known as the state’s “sanctuary law” — Senate Bill 54 — escalating tensions over the long divisive issue of illegal immigration in the Golden State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, passed last year, aims to protect some immigrants in the country illegally by limiting cooperation between local law enforcement and federal immigration authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is believed to have the largest population in the country of undocumented immigrants, and the state is on the front lines of the resistance to the Trump administration. But the recent wave of opposition to California’s opposition to the administration is turning some heads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Much of it began in the small Orange County suburb of Los Alamitos, where the city council passed a measure last month to opt out of the ‘sanctuary’ law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t like the direction California is [going],” says Warren Kusumoto, Mayor Pro Tem of the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kusumoto decided to draft the initiative because he said Los Alamitos is caught in the middle of a national political fight and is being asked to work under conflicting laws. The small city of 11,000 also has close economic ties to the federal government. It is home to several companies with large federal contracts as well as a U.S. military base.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are also bigger symbolic reasons at play. Kusumoto is frustrated more broadly with state policies on everything from taxes to immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a state, we’ve squandered away what the ‘Greatest Generation’ provided for us,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kusumoto is a Republican and Japanese American — in his words, a product of immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe my grandparents did it the right way, they were able to immigrate, become naturalized eventually and citizens,” he says. “Why is that not the right way for anybody to come over here as immigrants?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/600211565/600288268\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some Southern California suburbs, and in many rural areas, there’s mounting frustration that views like Kusumoto’s are being crowded out by liberal cities that have gone to battle with President Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you start to legislate that we cannot cooperate or communicate with another law enforcement partner, that is problematic,” says Orange County Undersheriff Don Barnes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the sheriff’s office began posting the release dates of inmates online, using an existing database, they say, to alert federal immigration authorities to potential issues. That move was widely seen as an open defiance to Sacramento. Sheriff officials had loudly opposed SB-54 when it was under consideration last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We shouldn’t be mixing public safety with politics,” Barnes says. “And there’s a crossover that keeps happening that is becoming more politically driven [that’s] disregarding the public’s safety.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, it is clear that at least the undercurrent of this recent backlash in Southern California is also political.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s the dying gasp of Orange County’s nasty brand of conservativism that’s infected the body politic of the United States for far too long,” says Gustavo Arellano, a longtime liberal columnist here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One reason the wave of conservative opposition has turned some heads is that pundits had been predicting that Orange County in particular was beginning to turn blue. In the 2016 presidential race, for instance, the county voted Democratic for the first time since 1936. The demographics have changed dramatically since the 1990s. Whites are now in the minority in the O.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Arellano says more diversity doesn’t necessarily mean it’s more Democratic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the city councils – and the Orange County Board of Supervisors which voted to join the Trump administration’s lawsuit against California – are still controlled by Republicans. And 2016 may have been an anomaly, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately the Orange County dream is suburbia and suburbia turns even the most fresh off the boat person from Mexico or whatever into a rock-ribbed Republican,” Arellano says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the national political divide is just as sharp – and complicated – in Southern California as it is anywhere else. At heated public hearings you can see a mix of local grassroots activists from both sides mingling with Trump supporters who travel from meeting to meeting, some from as far away as Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Put the lives of Americans and American safety first,” said Jennifer Harrison, of Phoenix, who testified this week at a hearing in Escondido. She added: “Americans have dreams too.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this week, Escondido became the latest city to pass a resolution condemning California’s sanctuary law, voting to file a legal brief in support of the Trump administration’s lawsuit against the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Los Alamitos, where the recent backlash began, Warren Kusumoto says he was surprised by all the attention that his council’s “opt out” ordinance got. He also resents the fact that some on the left have cast his city as some sort of anti-immigrant enclave.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I may be anti-illegal immigration but I don’t hate people,” Kusumoto says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Alamitos leaders aren’t sure whether their decision will hold up if it’s challenged in court. But, they say, it’s started a much needed debate. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Conservative+California+Cities+Revolt+Against+State%27s+Anti-Trump+Policies&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For many, 2017 was a year of shocks. We saw some of the deadliest mass shootings in U.S. history. We witnessed a president with little political experience take office and operate far outside the traditional norms of American leadership. We saw the voices of thousands of women take down some of the most powerful men in media and politics. We saw the country become increasingly divided — politically, economically and socially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we look forward through 2018, KQED will present a six-part series of live conversations across the Bay Area exploring some of the most polarizing topics of our time: politics, race, gender, immigration, extremism and more. We’ll ask the questions that divide us and look for the answers that unite us. Audience members will have an opportunity to talk about solutions to our growing polarity as they meet and mix during a post-conversation reception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tuesday, April 10, 7 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-extremism-tickets-43994960110\">Extremism\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Chinese Culture Center of San Francisco, San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAuthor Ijeoma Oluo (\"So You Want To Talk About Race\"), UC Berkeley Center for Right-Wing Studies professor Lawrence Rosenthal, and the Anti-Defamation League's director of Technology and Society, Brittan Heller, explore polarized politics, emboldened white nationalists, and how we can move forward in a time of intense division.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11673002/walls-and-bridges-extremism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Listen here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thursday, April 12, 7 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-gender-equality-tickets-44117183684\">Gender Equality\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Mountain View Center for the Performing Arts, Mountain View\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Panelists discuss what comes next after #MeToo, before audience members tackle some of the most biting questions surrounding the issue in an interactive conversation with each other.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11680054/walls-and-bridges-gender-equality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Listen here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wednesday, April 25, 12:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-majority-minority-tickets-44118670130\">\u003cstrong>Majority Minority\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>Ohlone College, Fremont\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Audience members will get to join a panel of experts as they discuss the social and political implications of shifting demographics at the national, state and local levels, and explore what happens when the minority becomes the majority.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11688635/walls-and-bridges-demographics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listen here\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wednesday, May 9, 7 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-immigration-tickets-44118050276\">\u003cstrong>Immigration\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>Oakland Museum of California, Oakland\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Sanctuary cites, families divided and ICE creeping into some of the most vulnerable communities. How long can communities stay in the shadows? What are the consequences, and how are these communities creating their own narrative?\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11692720/walls-and-bridges-immigration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Listen here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thursday, May 17, 7 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-zipcode-and-health-tickets-44117678163\">ZIP Code and Health\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Bayview Opera House, San Francisco\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>A ZIP code can reveal a lot, including geographic inequality and the likelihood of upward mobility in different locations. In this event, audience members will join a panel of experts and activists as they explore one of the most pressing social and economic questions of our time: Does your ZIP code determine your fate?\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11698864/walls-and-bridges-zip-codes-and-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Listen here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Monday June 4, 7 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-policy-racism-tickets-44118524695\">Policy & Racism\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>The Commonwealth Club, San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nDo Bay Area policies reinforce racism? Panelists and audience members will discuss whether local policies are discriminatory in one of the more progressive regions in the country.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11712872/walls-and-bridges-policy-and-racism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Listen here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For many, 2017 was a year of shocks. We saw some of the deadliest mass shootings in U.S. history. We witnessed a president with little political experience take office and operate far outside the traditional norms of American leadership. We saw the voices of thousands of women take down some of the most powerful men in media and politics. We saw the country become increasingly divided — politically, economically and socially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we look forward through 2018, KQED will present a six-part series of live conversations across the Bay Area exploring some of the most polarizing topics of our time: politics, race, gender, immigration, extremism and more. We’ll ask the questions that divide us and look for the answers that unite us. Audience members will have an opportunity to talk about solutions to our growing polarity as they meet and mix during a post-conversation reception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tuesday, April 10, 7 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-extremism-tickets-43994960110\">Extremism\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Chinese Culture Center of San Francisco, San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAuthor Ijeoma Oluo (\"So You Want To Talk About Race\"), UC Berkeley Center for Right-Wing Studies professor Lawrence Rosenthal, and the Anti-Defamation League's director of Technology and Society, Brittan Heller, explore polarized politics, emboldened white nationalists, and how we can move forward in a time of intense division.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11673002/walls-and-bridges-extremism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Listen here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thursday, April 12, 7 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-gender-equality-tickets-44117183684\">Gender Equality\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Mountain View Center for the Performing Arts, Mountain View\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Panelists discuss what comes next after #MeToo, before audience members tackle some of the most biting questions surrounding the issue in an interactive conversation with each other.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11680054/walls-and-bridges-gender-equality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Listen here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wednesday, April 25, 12:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-majority-minority-tickets-44118670130\">\u003cstrong>Majority Minority\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>Ohlone College, Fremont\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Audience members will get to join a panel of experts as they discuss the social and political implications of shifting demographics at the national, state and local levels, and explore what happens when the minority becomes the majority.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11688635/walls-and-bridges-demographics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listen here\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After repeatedly tweeting about lax border enforcement, President Trump signed a proclamation to \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/fioreborderguard\">send National Guard troops\u003c/a> to the U.S. border with Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration reported on Wednesday that apprehensions of people entering the United States illegally at the southern border jumped dramatically in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until the apparent recent bump, arrests at the Mexico border have been at their\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/05/568546381/arrests-for-illegal-border-crossings-hit-46-year-low\"> lowest level since 1971.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Getting troops to patrol California’s border with Mexico may be harder for the president than just signing a proclamation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown — no fan of Trump’s policies — has to sign off on National Guard deployment in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"disqusTitle": "President Trump Signs Proclamation to Send National Guard Troops to Mexican Border",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 5:40 p.m. PST\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump signed a proclamation Wednesday for the deployment of National Guard troops along the southern border with Mexico in a bid to cut down on illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirstjen Nielsen, secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, said earlier in the day that Trump's order would direct her department and the Pentagon to work with governors of the states along the southwestern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking at the White House, Nielsen said, \"Our current border security and immigration laws fail the American people. The system rewards bad behavior. It does not punish lawbreakers. It undermines our nation's economic interests.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the National Guard troops would be deployed as quickly as possible and gave no indication of how long the mission might last. Asked how many troops would be involved, Nielsen declined to give a number, saying, \"As many as is needed to fill the gaps today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DHS's Customs and Border Protection \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\">reported \u003c/a>Wednesday that apprehensions of people entering the U.S. illegally at the southern border jumped by 37 percent in March from the February level, and by 203 percent from March 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump indicated Tuesday that he wanted the troops to secure the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to do some things militarily,\" Trump said. \"Until we can have a wall and proper security, we're going to be guarding our border with the military.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's a big step,\" Trump continued, \"we really haven't done that before, or certainly not very much before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the move actually has many precedents. Every president since Ronald Reagan has called on the National Guard for limited, temporary missions along the frontier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The troops have been used primarily for surveillance and other support activities. Troops are forbidden from conducting civilian police actions, such as detaining suspects and using force, under a law first signed by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/21/us/posse-comitatus-act-limits-armed-services-at-home.html\">President Rutherford B. Hayes in 1878.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's remarks on Tuesday appeared to catch many off guard — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/04/599361716/trump-calls-for-u-s-military-on-u-s-mexico-border\">including the military\u003c/a>. Here are some of the questions raised by the president's comments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. How have presidents used troops in the past?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1986, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/22/us/national-guard-used-test-curb-drug-flow-mexico-action-congress.html\">Reagan\u003c/a> declared drug smuggling a national security threat and launched a multipronged approach that included the National Guard, as well as several law enforcement bodies. He also signed a bill that provided amnesty for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128303672\">3 million\u003c/a> migrants who entered the U.S. illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His successors, including George H.W. Bush and \u003ca href=\"https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/2003-03-01/operation-gatekeeper-rise-illegal-alien-and-remaking-us-mexico\">Bill Clinton\u003c/a>, have all called in the troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/03/politics/border-troops-deployed-obama-bush/index.html\">George W. Bush deployed\u003c/a> some 6,000 National Guard troops in 2006 for what proved to be a two-year mission, assisting the border guards with both undocumented immigrants and drug smuggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2018/04/04/trump-claimed-his-plan-to-put-troops-on-the-border-is-extraordinary-it-was-routine-for-obama/?utm_term=.42faf8fb8158\">Barack Obama \u003c/a>ordered a similar, if somewhat smaller operation, in 2010. Around 1,200 National Guard troops were called up initially. By 2012, the numbers on the ground were scaled back and a greater emphasis was placed on aerial surveillance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. What is the current situation on the border?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After rising for decades, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewhispanic.org/2016/09/20/overall-number-of-u-s-unauthorized-immigrants-holds-steady-since-2009/\">illegal immigration dropped\u003c/a> after the 2008 recession that resulted in a sharp decline in economic opportunities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the Obama administration \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/oct/21/donald-trump/trump-right-deportation-numbers-wrong-talks-about-/\">deported more than 2 million\u003c/a> undocumented migrants, more than any other president. The Obama administration focused primarily on convicted criminals and those apprehended shortly after coming across the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Illegal immigration took another downturn when Trump assumed office last year with his promise to crack down on illegal immigration and build a border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. So what prompted the president's decision to call on the National Guard?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While illegal immigration remains at a low level compared with in past decades, there has been an uptick in recent months, according to figures from \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\">Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The numbers we're releasing for March will indicate a staggering increase from last year,\" said a senior administration official during a conference call with reporters. \"As of last April, we were at historic lows,\" the official said. \"We are no longer at that point.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the president is acting more out of politics, noting that the $1.3 trillion spending bill he signed last month did not include the billions he wanted to build a border wall, a fundamental campaign pledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has been speaking out — and tweeting — about immigration issues for the past several days, including a claim that \"caravans\" of migrants are crossing the border. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/02/598781060/trumps-tweets-on-caravans-crossing-the-border-annotated\">NPR has fact-checked some of those recent claims here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. How much authority does the president have?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The role of the National Guard or any other troops is limited by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/what-posse-comitatus\">Posse Comitatus Act\u003c/a>. President Hayes signed the measure in 1878 with the intent of ending the law enforcement role that federal troops were carrying out in the former Confederate states. The troops were supervising elections, chasing down criminal suspects and looking for illegal whiskey production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, amended most recently in 1981, does permit the military to do things like help out on U.S. soil in the aftermath of a natural disaster. When it comes to the border with Mexico, this has meant providing surveillance and other support roles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the military cannot act as a police force and make arrests or use force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Texas Gov. Greg Abbott said Monday that a small number of Texas National Guard members would remain on the U.S.-Mexico border, where they have been for the past three years under his authority, conducting surveillance. They will begin taking federal orders this month, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 100 service members will remain in the border region, The Associated Press reported, citing Lt. Col. Travis Walters, a spokesman with the Texas Air National Guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. How is Mexico reacting?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mexican ambassador to the U.S., Geronimo Gutierrez, said his government has asked for clarification from the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's certainly not something that the Mexican government welcomes,\" he told \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2018/04/03/mexico-military-clarification-geronimo-gutierrez-amanpour.cnn/video/playlists/amanpour/\">CNN\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with NPR on Tuesday, Gutierrez said, \"We're trying to find the best ways to manage migration flows in a way that it's respectful both to the laws of the United States and Mexico.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said most migrants reaching the southern U.S. border are \"no longer Mexicans; they are Central Americans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The immigration issue is a hot-button topic in Mexico's presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leading candidate, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/01/mexicos-andres-manuel-lopez-obrador-hits-out-at-trump.html\">Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador\u003c/a>, said this week that \"Mexico and its people will not be the piñata of any foreign government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the crowd jeered at the reference to Trump, Lopez Obrador added: \"It's not with walls or use of force that you resolve social problems.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=President+Trump+Signs+Proclamation+To+Send+National+Guard+Troops+To+Mexican+Border&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 5:40 p.m. PST\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump signed a proclamation Wednesday for the deployment of National Guard troops along the southern border with Mexico in a bid to cut down on illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirstjen Nielsen, secretary of the Department of Homeland Security, said earlier in the day that Trump's order would direct her department and the Pentagon to work with governors of the states along the southwestern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking at the White House, Nielsen said, \"Our current border security and immigration laws fail the American people. The system rewards bad behavior. It does not punish lawbreakers. It undermines our nation's economic interests.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She said the National Guard troops would be deployed as quickly as possible and gave no indication of how long the mission might last. Asked how many troops would be involved, Nielsen declined to give a number, saying, \"As many as is needed to fill the gaps today.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The DHS's Customs and Border Protection \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\">reported \u003c/a>Wednesday that apprehensions of people entering the U.S. illegally at the southern border jumped by 37 percent in March from the February level, and by 203 percent from March 2017.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump indicated Tuesday that he wanted the troops to secure the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to do some things militarily,\" Trump said. \"Until we can have a wall and proper security, we're going to be guarding our border with the military.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's a big step,\" Trump continued, \"we really haven't done that before, or certainly not very much before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the move actually has many precedents. Every president since Ronald Reagan has called on the National Guard for limited, temporary missions along the frontier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The troops have been used primarily for surveillance and other support activities. Troops are forbidden from conducting civilian police actions, such as detaining suspects and using force, under a law first signed by \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2002/07/21/us/posse-comitatus-act-limits-armed-services-at-home.html\">President Rutherford B. Hayes in 1878.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's remarks on Tuesday appeared to catch many off guard — \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/04/599361716/trump-calls-for-u-s-military-on-u-s-mexico-border\">including the military\u003c/a>. Here are some of the questions raised by the president's comments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. How have presidents used troops in the past?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1986, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/22/us/national-guard-used-test-curb-drug-flow-mexico-action-congress.html\">Reagan\u003c/a> declared drug smuggling a national security threat and launched a multipronged approach that included the National Guard, as well as several law enforcement bodies. He also signed a bill that provided amnesty for \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=128303672\">3 million\u003c/a> migrants who entered the U.S. illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His successors, including George H.W. Bush and \u003ca href=\"https://www.foreignaffairs.com/reviews/capsule-review/2003-03-01/operation-gatekeeper-rise-illegal-alien-and-remaking-us-mexico\">Bill Clinton\u003c/a>, have all called in the troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2018/04/03/politics/border-troops-deployed-obama-bush/index.html\">George W. Bush deployed\u003c/a> some 6,000 National Guard troops in 2006 for what proved to be a two-year mission, assisting the border guards with both undocumented immigrants and drug smuggling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2018/04/04/trump-claimed-his-plan-to-put-troops-on-the-border-is-extraordinary-it-was-routine-for-obama/?utm_term=.42faf8fb8158\">Barack Obama \u003c/a>ordered a similar, if somewhat smaller operation, in 2010. Around 1,200 National Guard troops were called up initially. By 2012, the numbers on the ground were scaled back and a greater emphasis was placed on aerial surveillance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. What is the current situation on the border?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After rising for decades, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pewhispanic.org/2016/09/20/overall-number-of-u-s-unauthorized-immigrants-holds-steady-since-2009/\">illegal immigration dropped\u003c/a> after the 2008 recession that resulted in a sharp decline in economic opportunities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, the Obama administration \u003ca href=\"http://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2016/oct/21/donald-trump/trump-right-deportation-numbers-wrong-talks-about-/\">deported more than 2 million\u003c/a> undocumented migrants, more than any other president. The Obama administration focused primarily on convicted criminals and those apprehended shortly after coming across the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Illegal immigration took another downturn when Trump assumed office last year with his promise to crack down on illegal immigration and build a border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. So what prompted the president's decision to call on the National Guard?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While illegal immigration remains at a low level compared with in past decades, there has been an uptick in recent months, according to figures from \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\">Customs and Border Protection.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The numbers we're releasing for March will indicate a staggering increase from last year,\" said a senior administration official during a conference call with reporters. \"As of last April, we were at historic lows,\" the official said. \"We are no longer at that point.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Critics say the president is acting more out of politics, noting that the $1.3 trillion spending bill he signed last month did not include the billions he wanted to build a border wall, a fundamental campaign pledge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has been speaking out — and tweeting — about immigration issues for the past several days, including a claim that \"caravans\" of migrants are crossing the border. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/02/598781060/trumps-tweets-on-caravans-crossing-the-border-annotated\">NPR has fact-checked some of those recent claims here\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. How much authority does the president have?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The role of the National Guard or any other troops is limited by the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cato.org/publications/commentary/what-posse-comitatus\">Posse Comitatus Act\u003c/a>. President Hayes signed the measure in 1878 with the intent of ending the law enforcement role that federal troops were carrying out in the former Confederate states. The troops were supervising elections, chasing down criminal suspects and looking for illegal whiskey production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, amended most recently in 1981, does permit the military to do things like help out on U.S. soil in the aftermath of a natural disaster. When it comes to the border with Mexico, this has meant providing surveillance and other support roles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the military cannot act as a police force and make arrests or use force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Texas Gov. Greg Abbott said Monday that a small number of Texas National Guard members would remain on the U.S.-Mexico border, where they have been for the past three years under his authority, conducting surveillance. They will begin taking federal orders this month, he added.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 100 service members will remain in the border region, The Associated Press reported, citing Lt. Col. Travis Walters, a spokesman with the Texas Air National Guard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. How is Mexico reacting?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Mexican ambassador to the U.S., Geronimo Gutierrez, said his government has asked for clarification from the Trump administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's certainly not something that the Mexican government welcomes,\" he told \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2018/04/03/mexico-military-clarification-geronimo-gutierrez-amanpour.cnn/video/playlists/amanpour/\">CNN\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview with NPR on Tuesday, Gutierrez said, \"We're trying to find the best ways to manage migration flows in a way that it's respectful both to the laws of the United States and Mexico.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also said most migrants reaching the southern U.S. border are \"no longer Mexicans; they are Central Americans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The immigration issue is a hot-button topic in Mexico's presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leading candidate, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/01/mexicos-andres-manuel-lopez-obrador-hits-out-at-trump.html\">Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador\u003c/a>, said this week that \"Mexico and its people will not be the piñata of any foreign government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the crowd jeered at the reference to Trump, Lopez Obrador added: \"It's not with walls or use of force that you resolve social problems.\" \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=President+Trump+Signs+Proclamation+To+Send+National+Guard+Troops+To+Mexican+Border&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Trump Calls for Military Forces on U.S.-Mexico Border",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 1 p.m. PST\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump says he wants to use military troops to help secure the U.S. border with Mexico. He made the suggestion Tuesday during a White House summit meeting with Baltic leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also renewed his call for a quick withdrawal of U.S. forces in Syria. And he expressed support for embattled EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the weekend, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659464/trumps-tweets-on-caravans-crossing-the-border-annotated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has been tweeting about a caravan of Central Americans\u003c/a>, most of them from Honduras, who are making their way north through Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Until we can have a wall and proper security, we're going to be guarding our border with the military,\" Trump said. \"That's a big step.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. has deployed National Guard troops to the border in the past, Trump's suggestion seemed to catch Pentagon planners by surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a meeting on it in a little while with General Mattis and everybody,\" Trump said. \"I think it's something we have to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border apprehensions, which are a proxy for illegal border crossings, declined sharply during Trump's first months in office. Apprehensions bottomed out last April and have been slowly climbing in the months since. In the five months ending in February, apprehensions of unaccompanied minors were down 36 percent from the same period a year earlier, while apprehensions of families were down 46 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump wants Mexico to play a more active role in discouraging illegal border crossings. He suggested that may be a factor in the ongoing trade talks with Mexico and Canada. Trump has long criticized the North American Free Trade Agreement, which he blames for encouraging U.S. companies to relocate factories south of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump claimed the U.S. trade deficit with Mexico tops $100 billion. In fact the \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/countries-regions/americas/mexico\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deficit in goods and services last year\u003c/a> was $64.1 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump was asked about his suggestion during a speech in Richfield, Ohio, last week that U.S. troops would quickly be leaving Syria, now that ISIS has largely been driven out of its former territory there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to bring our troops back home,\" Trump said Tuesday. \"I want to start rebuilding our nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Military experts warn a precipitous withdrawal could create an opening for ISIS or similar groups to regroup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also voiced support for his EPA administrator. Pruitt is under scrutiny for an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/01/598630186/trumps-cabinet-under-scrutiny?utm_medium=RSS&station=KNOW_FM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">apparent sweetheart housing arrangement\u003c/a> he enjoyed last year in an apartment owned by the wife of an energy lobbyist. A White House official confirms that Trump telephoned Pruitt Monday night, but the official would not talk about what was said in the conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope he's going to be great,\" Trump said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's meeting with leaders of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia was designed to celebrate the 100th anniversary of independence for the Baltic nations, following World War I.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout World War II and the Cold War, the Baltic countries were dominated by the Soviet Union. They regained their independence in the early 1990s and joined NATO in 2004.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Lithuania began buying liquid natural gas from the U.S. as part of an effort to secure alternative energy supplies and reduce its dependence on Russia. Trump has encouraged that move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nobody's been tougher on Russia than I have,\" the president said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also praised the Baltic countries for their robust defense spending. Latvia and Lithuania come close to meeting the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2017_06/20170629_170629-pr2017-111-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NATO benchmark\u003c/a> of devoting 2 percent of their economies to defense, while Estonia spends slightly more than 2 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When nations are committed to peace and to security, they have to pay their share and we will all enjoy a much more safe and prosperous future,\" Trump said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Calls+For+Military+Forces+On+U.S.-Mexico+Border+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "President Trump says he's been talking with Defense Secretary James Mattis about using military troops to help secure the U.S. border with Mexico.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 1 p.m. PST\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump says he wants to use military troops to help secure the U.S. border with Mexico. He made the suggestion Tuesday during a White House summit meeting with Baltic leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also renewed his call for a quick withdrawal of U.S. forces in Syria. And he expressed support for embattled EPA Administrator Scott Pruitt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the weekend, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659464/trumps-tweets-on-caravans-crossing-the-border-annotated\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has been tweeting about a caravan of Central Americans\u003c/a>, most of them from Honduras, who are making their way north through Mexico.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Until we can have a wall and proper security, we're going to be guarding our border with the military,\" Trump said. \"That's a big step.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the U.S. has deployed National Guard troops to the border in the past, Trump's suggestion seemed to catch Pentagon planners by surprise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have a meeting on it in a little while with General Mattis and everybody,\" Trump said. \"I think it's something we have to do.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Border apprehensions, which are a proxy for illegal border crossings, declined sharply during Trump's first months in office. Apprehensions bottomed out last April and have been slowly climbing in the months since. In the five months ending in February, apprehensions of unaccompanied minors were down 36 percent from the same period a year earlier, while apprehensions of families were down 46 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump wants Mexico to play a more active role in discouraging illegal border crossings. He suggested that may be a factor in the ongoing trade talks with Mexico and Canada. Trump has long criticized the North American Free Trade Agreement, which he blames for encouraging U.S. companies to relocate factories south of the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump claimed the U.S. trade deficit with Mexico tops $100 billion. In fact the \u003ca href=\"https://ustr.gov/countries-regions/americas/mexico\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">deficit in goods and services last year\u003c/a> was $64.1 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump was asked about his suggestion during a speech in Richfield, Ohio, last week that U.S. troops would quickly be leaving Syria, now that ISIS has largely been driven out of its former territory there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I want to bring our troops back home,\" Trump said Tuesday. \"I want to start rebuilding our nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Military experts warn a precipitous withdrawal could create an opening for ISIS or similar groups to regroup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also voiced support for his EPA administrator. Pruitt is under scrutiny for an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/04/01/598630186/trumps-cabinet-under-scrutiny?utm_medium=RSS&station=KNOW_FM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">apparent sweetheart housing arrangement\u003c/a> he enjoyed last year in an apartment owned by the wife of an energy lobbyist. A White House official confirms that Trump telephoned Pruitt Monday night, but the official would not talk about what was said in the conversation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I hope he's going to be great,\" Trump said Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump's meeting with leaders of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia was designed to celebrate the 100th anniversary of independence for the Baltic nations, following World War I.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Throughout World War II and the Cold War, the Baltic countries were dominated by the Soviet Union. They regained their independence in the early 1990s and joined NATO in 2004.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, Lithuania began buying liquid natural gas from the U.S. as part of an effort to secure alternative energy supplies and reduce its dependence on Russia. Trump has encouraged that move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Nobody's been tougher on Russia than I have,\" the president said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also praised the Baltic countries for their robust defense spending. Latvia and Lithuania come close to meeting the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nato.int/nato_static_fl2014/assets/pdf/pdf_2017_06/20170629_170629-pr2017-111-en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NATO benchmark\u003c/a> of devoting 2 percent of their economies to defense, while Estonia spends slightly more than 2 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When nations are committed to peace and to security, they have to pay their share and we will all enjoy a much more safe and prosperous future,\" Trump said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Calls+For+Military+Forces+On+U.S.-Mexico+Border+&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Department of Justice is setting quotas for immigration judges — part of a broader effort to speed up deportations and reduce a massive backlog of immigration cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new quotas are laid out in a memo that was sent to immigration judges across the country on Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In order to get a \"satisfactory\" rating on their performance evaluations, judges will be required to clear at least 700 cases a year, and to have less than 15 percent of their decisions overturned on appeal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney General Jeff Sessions and other immigration hard-liners say that backlog allows people who should be deported quickly to stay in the United States for years while they wait for a court date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration courts handle the civil cases of undocumented immigrants who are seeking to stay in the U.S. The courts are part of the Justice Department, and Sessions has the power to set rules and change precedent. He wants to clear a backlog that is approaching 700,000 cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the National Association of Immigration Judges, the union that represents immigration judges, warns that quotas \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/10/16/558160472/immigration-judges-warn-against-trump-administration-benchmarks\">could undermine judicial independence, and erode due process rights for immigrants\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration lawyers are also critical of the plan. They say the quotas could influence the outcome of decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Decisions in immigration court have life or death consequences and cannot be managed like an assembly line,\" said Jeremy McKinney, secretary of the American Immigration Lawyers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These unprecedented numeric quotas are so onerous that many judges will rush through cases to protect their own jobs,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/558160472/558160473\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The immigration court system has been under fire, not only from critics who say it's inefficient but also from immigrant rights advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one thing, advocates point out that only one-third of immigrants are represented by lawyers. Comedian John Oliver recently mocked the system on HBO's \u003cem>Last Week Tonight \u003c/em>for \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fB0GBwJ2QA\">forcing young children to represent themselves in court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fB0GBwJ2QA\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new performance standards, which were \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/immigration-judges-face-new-quotas-in-bid-to-speed-deportations-1522696158\">first reported by the Wall Street Journal\u003c/a>, are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/03/29/597863489/sessions-want-to-overrule-judges-who-put-deportation-cases-on-hold\">part of a wider push to speed up immigration courts and deportations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Sessions is widely expected to eliminate or cut back on the practice known as administrative closure, which allows judges to put cases on hold while immigrants seek visas or other kinds of relief from deportation. Sessions also is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/03/12/592823598/attorney-general-jeff-sessions-reshapes-who-qualifies-for-asylum\">taking steps to limit who gets asylum in the U.S.\u003c/a> Immigration lawyers are warning that those changes could mean immigration judges will be forced to turn away more people fleeing violence or persecution in their home countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Justice+Department+Rolls+Out+Quotas+For+Immigration+Judges&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the National Association of Immigration Judges, the union that represents immigration judges, warns that quotas \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/10/16/558160472/immigration-judges-warn-against-trump-administration-benchmarks\">could undermine judicial independence, and erode due process rights for immigrants\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration lawyers are also critical of the plan. They say the quotas could influence the outcome of decisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Decisions in immigration court have life or death consequences and cannot be managed like an assembly line,\" said Jeremy McKinney, secretary of the American Immigration Lawyers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These unprecedented numeric quotas are so onerous that many judges will rush through cases to protect their own jobs,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/558160472/558160473\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The immigration court system has been under fire, not only from critics who say it's inefficient but also from immigrant rights advocates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For one thing, advocates point out that only one-third of immigrants are represented by lawyers. Comedian John Oliver recently mocked the system on HBO's \u003cem>Last Week Tonight \u003c/em>for \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9fB0GBwJ2QA\">forcing young children to represent themselves in court\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/9fB0GBwJ2QA'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/9fB0GBwJ2QA'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The new performance standards, which were \u003ca href=\"https://www.wsj.com/articles/immigration-judges-face-new-quotas-in-bid-to-speed-deportations-1522696158\">first reported by the Wall Street Journal\u003c/a>, are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/03/29/597863489/sessions-want-to-overrule-judges-who-put-deportation-cases-on-hold\">part of a wider push to speed up immigration courts and deportations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, Sessions is widely expected to eliminate or cut back on the practice known as administrative closure, which allows judges to put cases on hold while immigrants seek visas or other kinds of relief from deportation. Sessions also is \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/03/12/592823598/attorney-general-jeff-sessions-reshapes-who-qualifies-for-asylum\">taking steps to limit who gets asylum in the U.S.\u003c/a> Immigration lawyers are warning that those changes could mean immigration judges will be forced to turn away more people fleeing violence or persecution in their home countries.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Justice+Department+Rolls+Out+Quotas+For+Immigration+Judges&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>New York state is leading a group of 17 states, seven cities and the U.S. Conference of Mayors in a lawsuit against the Census Bureau and Commerce Department to try to remove a new citizenship question from the 2020 census questionnaire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It comes more than a week after \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11658180/california-is-suing-to-keep-a-citizenship-question-off-the-2020-census\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">California filed a similar lawsuit in San Francisco federal court\u003c/a> against Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross and Census Bureau officials.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states joining New York State Attorney General Eric Schneiderman's lawsuit filed Tuesday in Manhattan federal court are: Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Iowa, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia and Washington. The cities are: Washington, D.C., Chicago, New York, Philadelphia, Providence, Seattle and San Francisco, plus the United States Conference of Mayors, a bipartisan group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The census has not asked all U.S. households about citizenship since 1950. The Justice Department requested the question be added back to the questionnaire so it can enforce the Voting Rights Act with a better count of voting-age citizens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But New York and other states are alleging that adding the question is unconstitutional because it would undermine the government's constitutional responsibility of counting every person living in the U.S. every 10 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their complaint also alleges that the addition of a citizenship question violates the Administrative Procedure Act because there are sufficient citizenship numbers already to enforce the Voting Rights Act, and the change does not meet the Census Bureau's own standards for testing new questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[documentcloud url=\"https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/4429948-New-York-v-Ross-1-18-Cv-02921-Complaint.html\" responsive=true]\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\"DACA is dead,\" President Trump declared Monday on Twitter, after an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659433/cracking-up-the-daca-deal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Easter Sunday tweetstorm\u003c/a> claiming large caravans of migrants are heading to the border to take advantage of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also blasted Mexico for not stopping the influx and repeated his call for a border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's tweets include some debatable claims about DACA, border security, and immigration law and policy on both sides of the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR reporters who follow the immigration and the debate in Congress fact-checked six of his tweets:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Claim 1: \"Caravans\" of migrants are crossing the border\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/980443810529533952\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president offers no source for his claim about \"caravans\" of immigrants coming to the U.S. But he's likely reacting to a \u003ca href=\"http://video.foxnews.com/v/5761781386001/?#sp=show-clips\">story broadcast by Fox News \u003c/a>on Sunday morning about a caravan of migrants crossing Mexico, reportedly heading for the border. The caravan, organized by the group Pueblo Sin Fronteras, numbers more than 1,000 people, most of them from Honduras, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/adolfoflores/a-huge-caravan-of-central-americans-is-headed-for-the-us?utm_term=.saEonb78V#.hs0mPl30r\">BuzzFeed reported last week\u003c/a>. So far, Mexican authorities haven't moved to block the migrants. It's not clear how many of the migrants actually intend to enter the U.S., or seek asylum here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also tweeted that the border is \"getting more dangerous.\" Assaults on Customs and Border Protection agents jumped nearly 50 percent last year. But the rate of illegal border crossings into the U.S. dropped to its lowest level in decades. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/05/568546381/arrests-for-illegal-border-crossings-hit-46-year-low\">Arrests last year hit a 46-year low\u003c/a>, though they've ticked back up slightly in the first months of 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president has vowed repeatedly to end \"catch and release.\" That's how critics describe the policy that allows many migrants to go free until their requests for asylum can be heard by an immigration judge, a process that often takes years because of court backlogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the president's repeated calls, \"catch and release\" is proving difficult to dismantle, in part because of laws and settlements that constrain how long immigration authorities can hold migrants, especially children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>-- Joel Rose, National Desk Correspondent\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Claim 2: \"Mexico is doing very little\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/980451155548491777\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico's foreign minister \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/02/598781170/mexicos-foreign-minister-cites-facts-after-trump-slams-mexico-over-migration\">fired off his own tweet\u003c/a> after Trump's, insisting that every day Mexico and the U.S. work together on migration and \"the facts clearly reflect this.\" Foreign Minister Luis Videgaray Caso also added, in reference to reports that Trump's tweets were in response to a Fox News story, that inaccurate news reports should not serve to question binational cooperation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico has recently detained large groups of migrants coming through the country. Just last Friday, authorities discovered 136 migrants from Central America in the back of a sweltering hot truck in the southern state of Veracruz. In March, another group of 103 Central Americans, were rescued from a truck in the northern border state of Tamaulipas. According to a report by Reuters, official figures show that more than 800 Central American migrants have been discovered in safe houses or in trucks in Mexico in the first three months of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>--\u003cem> Carrie Kahn, Mexico City Correspondent\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Claim 3: New migrants are \"trying to take advantage of DACA\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/980451798606602241\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is simply not how DACA works. New and future immigrants cannot \"take advantage\" of DACA benefits because they're not eligible for the program now, and never were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DACA, or Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, offers temporary protection from deportation to immigrants who were brought to the U.S. illegally as children. The Obama-era program also allows them work legally in the U.S. But it's only available to immigrants who have lived in the U.S. since 2007, and meet a host of other requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, it's misleading to suggest that anyone seeking entry to the U.S. today could benefit from DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration moved to end DACA last fall, but courts have put that decision on hold while legal challenges play out. For now, the Department of Homeland Security is required to renew protections for existing recipients. But it's not accepting applications from people who've never had DACA before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>-- Joel Rose, National Desk Correspondent\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Claim 4: Mexico has \"absolute power\" to stop the \"caravans\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/980762392303980544\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to finding and detaining large groups of migrants, Mexico has also seen the number of Central Americans requesting asylum in their country \u003ca href=\"https://aristeguinoticias.com/1110/mexico/en-9-meses-aumentaron-578-las-peticiones-de-refugio-en-mexico-cndh/\">skyrocket\u003c/a> in recent years. Many are foregoing the dangerous and increasingly difficult crossing into the U.S. Last year more than 10,000 migrants, mostly from Central America, requested refugee status or asylum in Mexico. While the number of Central Americans apprehended at the U.S. southern border \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\">plunged immediately\u003c/a> following President Trump's inauguration, the numbers have steadily risen in recent months, suggesting that the flows of migrants from the troubled region may be on the rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>--\u003cem> Carrie Kahn, Mexico City Correspondent\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Claim 5: Congress should use the nuclear option \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/980764358530789380\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump often calls for the Senate to eliminate the filibuster, the body's rule that requires a 60-vote majority for most legislation to pass in the Senate. Trump sees the filibuster as the only thing preventing Congress from passing many of his most partisan priorities like funding a wall along the U.S. border with Mexico or repealing the Affordable Care Act. But there are two main problems with that thinking: Many of Trump's most controversial proposals couldn't pass in a filibuster-free Senate and most senators aren't interested in ditching the higher bar for legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate already voted on a White House-approved immigration plan earlier this year — and it failed 39-60 — far short of a simple majority. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/15/585794696/immigration-push-hits-a-wall-as-senate-deadline-nears\">proposal was among the options\u003c/a> considered during a lengthy immigration debate in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act failed to meet a similar bar in that late-night vote where Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz, killed the bill with a simple thumbs-down. That night, 51 senators \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/07/18/537948514/sen-mcconnells-plan-b-to-repeal-affordable-care-act-fails\">voted against\u003c/a> the ACA repeal process, 49 approved, effectively killing that bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filibuster is a popular scapegoat when the legislative progress grinds to a halt in Congress. Presidents and frustrated lawmakers lambast the rule as an excessive burden to passing widely supported legislation. But it is also one of the signature features of the slower, more deliberative Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate leaders have scaled back the filibuster a few times in the past -- most notably in 2013 when former Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., triggered what is known as the nuclear option to overcome a backlog of President Obama's picks for executive offices and judgeships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reid eliminated the filibuster for those positions, sparking a new precedent that federal judicial appointments and many executive office nominees can be approved with a simple majority. That's still the case today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., had a nuclear moment of his own last year when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/04/06/522847700/senate-pulls-nuclear-trigger-to-ease-gorsuch-confirmation\">he extended that simple majority\u003c/a> threshold to Supreme Court nominee Neil Gorsuch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But McConnnell says he doesn't support getting rid of the filibuster entirely. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/21/mcconnell-opposes-shutdown-nuclear-option-trump-urged-in-tweet.html\">refused to take the drastic step\u003c/a> of getting rid of the protection to end a government shutdown earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislative filibuster has wide support among Senators who view it as an important way to protect the rights of the minority party to force debate on controversial issues. The higher bar forces a broader consensus on legislation, which can help prevent Congress from passing new, more partisan laws every time a new Congress is elected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— \u003cem>Kelsey Snell, Congressional Reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Claim 6: Democrats killed DACA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/980766121983987712\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats say it was Trump, not them, that killed a deal to fund the wall in exchange for protections for the roughly 700,000 immigrants currently protected under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Program, known as DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congressional negotiators considered adding $25 billion in wall funding in exchange for those legal protections in the spending bill approved in Congress last month. But Democrats, and many GOP staffers, say it was the White House that backed away from the deal. The \u003cem>Washington Post \u003c/em>reported details of the frenzied \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-blew-it-the-president-missed-his-best-chance-yet-to-get-funding-for-his-border-wall/2018/03/21/04993950-2d2b-11e8-8688-e053ba58f1e4_story.html?utm_term=.1490d7e81e57\">last-minute push\u003c/a> for a DACA deal, and several aides on Capitol Hill have largely confirmed that account to NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fight over DACA has been raging in Congress since last year when Trump announced plans to rescind President Obama's executive order protecting those immigrants who were brought to the country as children and are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/17/578687323/daca-troubles-could-put-spending-bill-in-peril\">now here illegally\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump originally planned to end those protections in early March but courts have stepped in, maintaining the protections while a bevy of lawsuits against the Trump administration play out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump doubled down on blaming the Democrats Monday. He spoke to reporters about the children who had received DACA and now may be in limbo. \"The Democrats have really let them down,\" Trump said. \"They really let them down. They had this great opportunity. The Democrats have really let them down. It's a shame. And now people are taking advantage of DACA and that's a shame.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When reporter Jim Acosta followed up: \"Didn't you kill DACA?,\" Trump didn't answer, according to pool reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>-- Kelsey Snell, Congressional Reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump%27s+Tweets+On+%27Caravans%27+Crossing+The+Border%2C+Annotated&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\"DACA is dead,\" President Trump declared Monday on Twitter, after an \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659433/cracking-up-the-daca-deal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Easter Sunday tweetstorm\u003c/a> claiming large caravans of migrants are heading to the border to take advantage of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also blasted Mexico for not stopping the influx and repeated his call for a border wall.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president's tweets include some debatable claims about DACA, border security, and immigration law and policy on both sides of the southern border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR reporters who follow the immigration and the debate in Congress fact-checked six of his tweets:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Claim 1: \"Caravans\" of migrants are crossing the border\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The president offers no source for his claim about \"caravans\" of immigrants coming to the U.S. But he's likely reacting to a \u003ca href=\"http://video.foxnews.com/v/5761781386001/?#sp=show-clips\">story broadcast by Fox News \u003c/a>on Sunday morning about a caravan of migrants crossing Mexico, reportedly heading for the border. The caravan, organized by the group Pueblo Sin Fronteras, numbers more than 1,000 people, most of them from Honduras, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/adolfoflores/a-huge-caravan-of-central-americans-is-headed-for-the-us?utm_term=.saEonb78V#.hs0mPl30r\">BuzzFeed reported last week\u003c/a>. So far, Mexican authorities haven't moved to block the migrants. It's not clear how many of the migrants actually intend to enter the U.S., or seek asylum here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also tweeted that the border is \"getting more dangerous.\" Assaults on Customs and Border Protection agents jumped nearly 50 percent last year. But the rate of illegal border crossings into the U.S. dropped to its lowest level in decades. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/12/05/568546381/arrests-for-illegal-border-crossings-hit-46-year-low\">Arrests last year hit a 46-year low\u003c/a>, though they've ticked back up slightly in the first months of 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president has vowed repeatedly to end \"catch and release.\" That's how critics describe the policy that allows many migrants to go free until their requests for asylum can be heard by an immigration judge, a process that often takes years because of court backlogs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite the president's repeated calls, \"catch and release\" is proving difficult to dismantle, in part because of laws and settlements that constrain how long immigration authorities can hold migrants, especially children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>-- Joel Rose, National Desk Correspondent\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Claim 2: \"Mexico is doing very little\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Mexico's foreign minister \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/02/598781170/mexicos-foreign-minister-cites-facts-after-trump-slams-mexico-over-migration\">fired off his own tweet\u003c/a> after Trump's, insisting that every day Mexico and the U.S. work together on migration and \"the facts clearly reflect this.\" Foreign Minister Luis Videgaray Caso also added, in reference to reports that Trump's tweets were in response to a Fox News story, that inaccurate news reports should not serve to question binational cooperation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mexico has recently detained large groups of migrants coming through the country. Just last Friday, authorities discovered 136 migrants from Central America in the back of a sweltering hot truck in the southern state of Veracruz. In March, another group of 103 Central Americans, were rescued from a truck in the northern border state of Tamaulipas. According to a report by Reuters, official figures show that more than 800 Central American migrants have been discovered in safe houses or in trucks in Mexico in the first three months of this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>--\u003cem> Carrie Kahn, Mexico City Correspondent\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Claim 3: New migrants are \"trying to take advantage of DACA\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>This is simply not how DACA works. New and future immigrants cannot \"take advantage\" of DACA benefits because they're not eligible for the program now, and never were.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DACA, or Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, offers temporary protection from deportation to immigrants who were brought to the U.S. illegally as children. The Obama-era program also allows them work legally in the U.S. But it's only available to immigrants who have lived in the U.S. since 2007, and meet a host of other requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, it's misleading to suggest that anyone seeking entry to the U.S. today could benefit from DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Trump administration moved to end DACA last fall, but courts have put that decision on hold while legal challenges play out. For now, the Department of Homeland Security is required to renew protections for existing recipients. But it's not accepting applications from people who've never had DACA before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>-- Joel Rose, National Desk Correspondent\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Claim 4: Mexico has \"absolute power\" to stop the \"caravans\"\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>In addition to finding and detaining large groups of migrants, Mexico has also seen the number of Central Americans requesting asylum in their country \u003ca href=\"https://aristeguinoticias.com/1110/mexico/en-9-meses-aumentaron-578-las-peticiones-de-refugio-en-mexico-cndh/\">skyrocket\u003c/a> in recent years. Many are foregoing the dangerous and increasingly difficult crossing into the U.S. Last year more than 10,000 migrants, mostly from Central America, requested refugee status or asylum in Mexico. While the number of Central Americans apprehended at the U.S. southern border \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\">plunged immediately\u003c/a> following President Trump's inauguration, the numbers have steadily risen in recent months, suggesting that the flows of migrants from the troubled region may be on the rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>--\u003cem> Carrie Kahn, Mexico City Correspondent\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Claim 5: Congress should use the nuclear option \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>President Trump often calls for the Senate to eliminate the filibuster, the body's rule that requires a 60-vote majority for most legislation to pass in the Senate. Trump sees the filibuster as the only thing preventing Congress from passing many of his most partisan priorities like funding a wall along the U.S. border with Mexico or repealing the Affordable Care Act. But there are two main problems with that thinking: Many of Trump's most controversial proposals couldn't pass in a filibuster-free Senate and most senators aren't interested in ditching the higher bar for legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate already voted on a White House-approved immigration plan earlier this year — and it failed 39-60 — far short of a simple majority. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/02/15/585794696/immigration-push-hits-a-wall-as-senate-deadline-nears\">proposal was among the options\u003c/a> considered during a lengthy immigration debate in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The effort to repeal the Affordable Care Act failed to meet a similar bar in that late-night vote where Sen. John McCain, R-Ariz, killed the bill with a simple thumbs-down. That night, 51 senators \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/07/18/537948514/sen-mcconnells-plan-b-to-repeal-affordable-care-act-fails\">voted against\u003c/a> the ACA repeal process, 49 approved, effectively killing that bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The filibuster is a popular scapegoat when the legislative progress grinds to a halt in Congress. Presidents and frustrated lawmakers lambast the rule as an excessive burden to passing widely supported legislation. But it is also one of the signature features of the slower, more deliberative Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate leaders have scaled back the filibuster a few times in the past -- most notably in 2013 when former Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid, D-Nev., triggered what is known as the nuclear option to overcome a backlog of President Obama's picks for executive offices and judgeships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reid eliminated the filibuster for those positions, sparking a new precedent that federal judicial appointments and many executive office nominees can be approved with a simple majority. That's still the case today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, R-Ky., had a nuclear moment of his own last year when \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2017/04/06/522847700/senate-pulls-nuclear-trigger-to-ease-gorsuch-confirmation\">he extended that simple majority\u003c/a> threshold to Supreme Court nominee Neil Gorsuch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But McConnnell says he doesn't support getting rid of the filibuster entirely. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2018/01/21/mcconnell-opposes-shutdown-nuclear-option-trump-urged-in-tweet.html\">refused to take the drastic step\u003c/a> of getting rid of the protection to end a government shutdown earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislative filibuster has wide support among Senators who view it as an important way to protect the rights of the minority party to force debate on controversial issues. The higher bar forces a broader consensus on legislation, which can help prevent Congress from passing new, more partisan laws every time a new Congress is elected.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— \u003cem>Kelsey Snell, Congressional Reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Claim 6: Democrats killed DACA\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Democrats say it was Trump, not them, that killed a deal to fund the wall in exchange for protections for the roughly 700,000 immigrants currently protected under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals Program, known as DACA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congressional negotiators considered adding $25 billion in wall funding in exchange for those legal protections in the spending bill approved in Congress last month. But Democrats, and many GOP staffers, say it was the White House that backed away from the deal. The \u003cem>Washington Post \u003c/em>reported details of the frenzied \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-blew-it-the-president-missed-his-best-chance-yet-to-get-funding-for-his-border-wall/2018/03/21/04993950-2d2b-11e8-8688-e053ba58f1e4_story.html?utm_term=.1490d7e81e57\">last-minute push\u003c/a> for a DACA deal, and several aides on Capitol Hill have largely confirmed that account to NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fight over DACA has been raging in Congress since last year when Trump announced plans to rescind President Obama's executive order protecting those immigrants who were brought to the country as children and are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/01/17/578687323/daca-troubles-could-put-spending-bill-in-peril\">now here illegally\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump originally planned to end those protections in early March but courts have stepped in, maintaining the protections while a bevy of lawsuits against the Trump administration play out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump doubled down on blaming the Democrats Monday. He spoke to reporters about the children who had received DACA and now may be in limbo. \"The Democrats have really let them down,\" Trump said. \"They really let them down. They had this great opportunity. The Democrats have really let them down. It's a shame. And now people are taking advantage of DACA and that's a shame.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When reporter Jim Acosta followed up: \"Didn't you kill DACA?,\" Trump didn't answer, according to pool reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>-- Kelsey Snell, Congressional Reporter\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump%27s+Tweets+On+%27Caravans%27+Crossing+The+Border%2C+Annotated&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"radiolab": {
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"reveal": {
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},
"rightnowish": {
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"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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"snap-judgment": {
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"tagline": "Real stories with killer beats",
"info": "The Snap Judgment radio show and podcast mixes real stories with killer beats to produce cinematic, dramatic radio. Snap's musical brand of storytelling dares listeners to see the world through the eyes of another. This is storytelling... with a BEAT!! Snap first aired on public radio stations nationwide in July 2010. Today, Snap Judgment airs on over 450 public radio stations and is brought to the airwaves by KQED & PRX.",
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