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"content": "\u003cp>Filipino human rights advocacy groups are demanding that an activist from the Philippines detained at San Francisco International Airport on Tuesday be allowed to enter the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jerome Aladdin Succor Aba was on his way to Washington, D.C., when he was stopped by customs agents during a layover in San Francisco. He was traveling to the U.S. to speak on humans rights issues in the Philippines, according to multiple people who were working with Aba on his visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from several Filipino human rights organizations gathered at the airport Wednesday to demand that Aba be able to see an attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry Valen of the National Alliance for Filipino Concerns said Aba has approval to come to the U.S. and his denial of entry is a \"political blocking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He’s here to talk about the human rights crisis and the impact military aid from the U.S is having on the people in the Philippines,\" Valen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aba is with an organization called Initiatives for Peace in Mindanao, which Valen said brings awareness to issues within the Muslim community in Mindanao, a southwest island of the Philippines. He is also a member of organizations that work on issues facing the country's Muslim and indigenous populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11663218\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11663218\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/54577504566__C37650D6-928D-461C-AA91-37944C085951-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Advocates gather at SFO to demand that human rights activist Jerome Aba be allowed to enter the U.S. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Terry Valen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He planned to speak at an interfaith gathering called \u003ca href=\"https://advocacydays.org/2018-a-world-uprooted/workshops/asia-pacific/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ecumenical Advocacy Days\u003c/a>, and was scheduled to meet with the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops as well as three U.S. senators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a U.S. government official who spoke on condition of anonymity, Aba was denied entry because of a \"technical glitch\" with his visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is scheduled to be returned to the Philippines, but will be allowed to reapply for admission to the U.S., the government official said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement from U.S. Customs and Border Protection said: \"The country of origin and human rights activism of a foreign national are not determining factors about his/her admissibility into the U.S.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Filipino human rights advocacy groups are demanding that an activist from the Philippines detained at San Francisco International Airport on Tuesday be allowed to enter the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jerome Aladdin Succor Aba was on his way to Washington, D.C., when he was stopped by customs agents during a layover in San Francisco. He was traveling to the U.S. to speak on humans rights issues in the Philippines, according to multiple people who were working with Aba on his visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives from several Filipino human rights organizations gathered at the airport Wednesday to demand that Aba be able to see an attorney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry Valen of the National Alliance for Filipino Concerns said Aba has approval to come to the U.S. and his denial of entry is a \"political blocking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He’s here to talk about the human rights crisis and the impact military aid from the U.S is having on the people in the Philippines,\" Valen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aba is with an organization called Initiatives for Peace in Mindanao, which Valen said brings awareness to issues within the Muslim community in Mindanao, a southwest island of the Philippines. He is also a member of organizations that work on issues facing the country's Muslim and indigenous populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11663218\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11663218\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/54577504566__C37650D6-928D-461C-AA91-37944C085951-1-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Advocates gather at SFO to demand that human rights activist Jerome Aba be allowed to enter the U.S. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Terry Valen)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He planned to speak at an interfaith gathering called \u003ca href=\"https://advocacydays.org/2018-a-world-uprooted/workshops/asia-pacific/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ecumenical Advocacy Days\u003c/a>, and was scheduled to meet with the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops as well as three U.S. senators.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a U.S. government official who spoke on condition of anonymity, Aba was denied entry because of a \"technical glitch\" with his visa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is scheduled to be returned to the Philippines, but will be allowed to reapply for admission to the U.S., the government official said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A statement from U.S. Customs and Border Protection said: \"The country of origin and human rights activism of a foreign national are not determining factors about his/her admissibility into the U.S.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "San Diego County Supervisors Vote to Support Trump 'Sanctuary State' Lawsuit",
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"content": "\u003cp>The San Diego County Board of Supervisors on Tuesday voted to file a court brief siding with the federal government in its lawsuit against California's so-called sanctuary state law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the vote, San Diego County became California's most populous county to rebuke state policies aimed at protecting some immigrants from deportation. The sanctuary state law, SB 54, limits cooperation between local law enforcement and federal immigration authorities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Diego County's approach differs from that of Orange County supervisors, who voted last month to join the suit. Instead, the San Diego County attorney will draft an amicus brief in support of the case, which will allow officials to offer their opinion without actually becoming involved in the courtroom fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the deadline to file such a brief has passed, meaning the earliest opportunity that San Diego County will have to weigh in will be if and when a decision in this case is appealed by the losing party to a higher court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/jeanguerre/status/986343782764331008\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Public safety is our number one priority,\" Supervisor Kristin Gaspar said. \"Here in San Diego it's important to note how our law enforcement's hands are being tied by SB 54.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Dianne Jacob said she has seen a lot of changes along the 50-mile span of the U.S.-Mexico border in her district since she took office in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We used to have people coming across our border who just wanted to work,\" she said. \"That has changed over the years. It's changed to the extent where we have people on the terrorist watch list coming across the border.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She later clarified \"she was told\" of at least one person on a terrorist watch list crossing into the U.S. illegally but was unable to provide details of the case and did not specify who provided her with that information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under SB 54, state and local law enforcement are allowed to share with immigration authorities information about a person who has been charged with one of 800 crimes, including violent felonies, arson, domestic abuse and other felonies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Greg Cox was the lone dissenter in the 3-1 vote. Supervisor Ron Roberts was absent but said his colleagues should \"stay out of it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As evidence of the support among San Diegans for joining the lawsuit, Gaspar showed reporters the correspondence the supervisors received on the matter. Letters in favor of the county siding with the federal government towered over those written by those who supported sanctuary policies, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But during Tuesday's public meeting, sanctuary state advocates outnumbered supporters of the lawsuit: 12 registered their support of President Trump's administration and 40 were against it, according to Gaspar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The California Values Act (SB 54) does indeed exemplify the values of California,\" the Rev. Beth Johnson of Palomar Unitarian Universalist Fellowship told the supervisors. \"It makes our communities safer by allowing law enforcement to do their jobs by making community members feel safe to report crimes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MPZlUdsQHSI\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other supporters of the sanctuary law said it offers protections for immigrant families and helps keep the economy strong by recognizing the contributions of noncitizens, including their payment of taxes and their labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The threat of deportation causes negative mental health effects on immigrants and their families, said Janet Farrell of the San Diego Psychological Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Deportation causes the breakup of families,\" she said. \"The California sanctuary laws give some protection to the breakup of our immigrant families without compromising the safety of the general population.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local governments in recent weeks have taken varying approaches to weighing in on the sanctuary state issue, from adopting resolutions to voting to file lawsuits themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city council in San Juan Capistrano, for instance, recently passed a resolution against SB 54. Resolutions are largely symbolic statements of a government's stance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aliso Viejo, Escondido and Mission Viejo are among the cities whose leaders have voted to file amicus briefs in support of the Trump administration's position. Such briefs are often submitted by those who have an interest in a court case but are not parties in the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Orange County Board of Supervisors voted last month to join the lawsuit, while the Huntington Beach City Council voted recently to file its own suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Alamitos City Council voted to \"exempt\" the city from the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National attention turned to San Diego County as its leaders considered weighing in on the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision is likely to be a defining moment in the political career of Gaspar, who is running in a closely watched congressional race in a district that Democrat Hillary Clinton carried in the 2016 presidential election with just over 50 percent of the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republican incumbent in the 49th District, Rep. Darrell Issa of Vista, is not seeking re-election. In 2016, he narrowly defeated Democrat Doug Applegate, who is among the candidates facing off against Gaspar in the June primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement opposed to the county's decision, state Sen. Toni Atkins (D-San Diego) said the following:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m disappointed in the Board majority for taking this misguided action. These bills were carefully crafted to be legal and constitutional, and to protect public safety. SB 54 does not shield violent and dangerous criminals from deportation, and it does not prevent federal immigration authorities from doing their job. We’ve worked hard to bring our undocumented immigrant communities out of the shadows and into society because research shows it makes our state safer and more prosperous for all. I firmly believe California is on the right side of history and I stand by our commitment to these laws.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Public safety is our number one priority,\" Supervisor Kristin Gaspar said. \"Here in San Diego it's important to note how our law enforcement's hands are being tied by SB 54.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Dianne Jacob said she has seen a lot of changes along the 50-mile span of the U.S.-Mexico border in her district since she took office in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We used to have people coming across our border who just wanted to work,\" she said. \"That has changed over the years. It's changed to the extent where we have people on the terrorist watch list coming across the border.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She later clarified \"she was told\" of at least one person on a terrorist watch list crossing into the U.S. illegally but was unable to provide details of the case and did not specify who provided her with that information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under SB 54, state and local law enforcement are allowed to share with immigration authorities information about a person who has been charged with one of 800 crimes, including violent felonies, arson, domestic abuse and other felonies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Supervisor Greg Cox was the lone dissenter in the 3-1 vote. Supervisor Ron Roberts was absent but said his colleagues should \"stay out of it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As evidence of the support among San Diegans for joining the lawsuit, Gaspar showed reporters the correspondence the supervisors received on the matter. Letters in favor of the county siding with the federal government towered over those written by those who supported sanctuary policies, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But during Tuesday's public meeting, sanctuary state advocates outnumbered supporters of the lawsuit: 12 registered their support of President Trump's administration and 40 were against it, according to Gaspar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The California Values Act (SB 54) does indeed exemplify the values of California,\" the Rev. Beth Johnson of Palomar Unitarian Universalist Fellowship told the supervisors. \"It makes our communities safer by allowing law enforcement to do their jobs by making community members feel safe to report crimes.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/MPZlUdsQHSI'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/MPZlUdsQHSI'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Other supporters of the sanctuary law said it offers protections for immigrant families and helps keep the economy strong by recognizing the contributions of noncitizens, including their payment of taxes and their labor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The threat of deportation causes negative mental health effects on immigrants and their families, said Janet Farrell of the San Diego Psychological Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Deportation causes the breakup of families,\" she said. \"The California sanctuary laws give some protection to the breakup of our immigrant families without compromising the safety of the general population.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Local governments in recent weeks have taken varying approaches to weighing in on the sanctuary state issue, from adopting resolutions to voting to file lawsuits themselves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city council in San Juan Capistrano, for instance, recently passed a resolution against SB 54. Resolutions are largely symbolic statements of a government's stance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Aliso Viejo, Escondido and Mission Viejo are among the cities whose leaders have voted to file amicus briefs in support of the Trump administration's position. Such briefs are often submitted by those who have an interest in a court case but are not parties in the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Orange County Board of Supervisors voted last month to join the lawsuit, while the Huntington Beach City Council voted recently to file its own suit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Los Alamitos City Council voted to \"exempt\" the city from the sanctuary law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>National attention turned to San Diego County as its leaders considered weighing in on the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision is likely to be a defining moment in the political career of Gaspar, who is running in a closely watched congressional race in a district that Democrat Hillary Clinton carried in the 2016 presidential election with just over 50 percent of the vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republican incumbent in the 49th District, Rep. Darrell Issa of Vista, is not seeking re-election. In 2016, he narrowly defeated Democrat Doug Applegate, who is among the candidates facing off against Gaspar in the June primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement opposed to the county's decision, state Sen. Toni Atkins (D-San Diego) said the following:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m disappointed in the Board majority for taking this misguided action. These bills were carefully crafted to be legal and constitutional, and to protect public safety. SB 54 does not shield violent and dangerous criminals from deportation, and it does not prevent federal immigration authorities from doing their job. We’ve worked hard to bring our undocumented immigrant communities out of the shadows and into society because research shows it makes our state safer and more prosperous for all. I firmly believe California is on the right side of history and I stand by our commitment to these laws.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11663084/san-diego-county-supervisors-vote-to-support-trump-sanctuary-state-lawsuit\">San Diego County Board Of Supervisors Votes To Support Trump ‘Sanctuary’ State Lawsuit\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The San Diego County Board of Supervisors voted three to one to join the Trump administration’s fight against California's sanctuary laws. The all-Republican board plans to file an amicus brief supporting the federal lawsuit.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Jean Guerrero\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>State Net Neutrality Legislation Clears First Hurdle\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Lawmakers moved California one step closer to preserving net neutrality rules. The FCC under the Trump administration is ending net neutrality next week.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Sam Harnett\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11661670/chiang-points-to-past-for-examples-of-how-hed-lead\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chiang Points to Past for Examples of How He'd Lead as Governor\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Polls show that among the candidates running for governor, State Treasurer John Chiang is struggling to get traction. But Chiang says he’s the right guy to defend California against attacks from the Trump administration. And he touts two defining moments in his political career that he says prove his point.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Katie Orr\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"http://kcbx.org/post/cal-poly-president-suspends-all-greek-fraternities-and-sororities-indefintely\">Cal Poly President Suspends all Greek Fraternities and Sororities Indefinitely\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Cal Poly State University president Jeffery Armstrong announced Tuesday in an open letter to the campus community he is suspending all Greek life on campus, after learning of another recent incident of racially insensitive behavior at a fraternity.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Tyler Pratt\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Kern County Reviewing ICE's Response to Delano Car Crash\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Kern County District Attorney’s Office is conducting a review of a fatal crash involving an undocumented couple who were attempting to flee a traffic stop by Immigration and Customs Enforcement. The DA’s office is now reviewing whether ICE’s two agents knowingly gave false information to police about their involvement.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Alex Hall\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Mendocino Officials ID Body of Child Missing in Crash\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Officials said Tuesday they have positively identified the body of one of three children missing since the fatal car crash in Mendocino County that killed the Hart family last month.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Hope McKenney\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11662813/sacramento-police-release-new-videos-related-to-stephon-clark-shooting\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">New Videos of Clark Shooting Emerge as Police Transparency Bill Advances\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Sacramento police have released new videos of the fatal police shooting of Stephon Clark last month...showing officers starting CPR on Clark several minutes after he was shot. The shooting has spawned renewed attempts to increase accountability for law enforcement at the state capitol.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Alex Emslie\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11662835/supreme-court-strikes-down-part-of-immigration-law\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Supreme Court Ruling Could Mean Greater Protections for Some Immigrants\u003c/a>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Supreme Court justices ruled Tuesday that a provision in federal law that results in the deportation of immigrants with criminal convictions is unconstitutional.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Farida Jhabvala Romero\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Pot Banking Legislation Faces First Hearing\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The proposal is designed to address one of the industry’s biggest bottlenecks. Because of marijuana’s federal classification as a Schedule I drug, growers and retailers are forced to operate on a cash-only basis.\u003cbr>\n\u003cem>Reporter: Peter Jon Shuler\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated 4:10 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SAN DIEGO — The Trump administration said Monday that California Gov. Jerry Brown rejected terms of the National Guard's initial deployment to the Mexican border, but a state official said nothing was decided.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The governor determined that what we asked for is unsupportable, but we will have other iterations,\" Ronald Vitiello, U.S. Customs and Border Protection's acting deputy commissioner, told reporters in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown elicited rare and effusive praise from President Trump last week for pledging 400 troops to the Guard's third large-scale border mission since 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Democratic governor conditioned his commitment on his state's troops having nothing to do with immigration enforcement, even in a supporting role.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown's announcement last week did not address what specific jobs the California Guard would and would not do and or answer the thorny question of how state officials would distinguish work related to immigration from other duties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vitiello said the governor decided California will not accept terms of an initial troop rollout for the state that was similar to plans for the other three border states, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to two U.S. officials, the initial jobs for those troops include fixing and maintaining vehicles, using remote-control surveillance cameras to report suspicious activity to U.S. Border Patrol agents, operating radios and providing \"mission support,\" which can include clerical work, buying gas and handling payrolls. The officials spoke to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California National Guard spokesman Lt. Col. Thomas Keegan said \"state officials have not rejected anything\" since Brown proposed a formal agreement Wednesday with the Homeland Security and Defense Departments that prohibits any involvement in immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The federal government has not yet responded,\" Keegan said in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vitiello said the federal government wanted 237 troops for work in two parts of the state that California \"has indicated they will not perform,\" but he emphasized that California may participate in other ways that must still be worked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are anticipating additional requirements, and we got a signal from California that they are interested in improving border security,\" Vitiello said. \"So, at some point that might come together.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown was clear last week that California troops will help go after drugs, guns and criminal gangs, but not immigrants. Drawing that line will likely prove difficult because the Border Patrol combats illegal immigration but also drug smuggling and other crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown's pledge of 400 troops allowed Trump to boast support from all four border-state governors and helped put the president above the lower end of his threshold of marshaling 2,000 to 4,000 troops that he wants to fight illegal immigration and drug trafficking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic governor cast his decision as a welcome infusion of support paid for by the U.S. government to fight transnational criminal gangs and drug and firearms smugglers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican governors from Arizona, New Mexico and Texas have openly embraced the Trump administration's plans and specific jobs for their troops, as California did in previous Guard deployments. Texas National Guard members are already doing aerial and ground surveillance. The Arizona National Guard said last week that its troops will provide air and ground support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Guard had about 900 troops working on the border mission Monday, a number that changes daily, said Lt. Gen. Daniel R. Hokanson, the National Guard Bureau's vice chief. Nearly 250 were in Arizona, more than 60 in New Mexico and about 650 in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Alonso Lugo reported from Washington.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown's announcement last week did not address what specific jobs the California Guard would and would not do and or answer the thorny question of how state officials would distinguish work related to immigration from other duties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vitiello said the governor decided California will not accept terms of an initial troop rollout for the state that was similar to plans for the other three border states, Arizona, New Mexico and Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to two U.S. officials, the initial jobs for those troops include fixing and maintaining vehicles, using remote-control surveillance cameras to report suspicious activity to U.S. Border Patrol agents, operating radios and providing \"mission support,\" which can include clerical work, buying gas and handling payrolls. The officials spoke to The Associated Press on condition of anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the matter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California National Guard spokesman Lt. Col. Thomas Keegan said \"state officials have not rejected anything\" since Brown proposed a formal agreement Wednesday with the Homeland Security and Defense Departments that prohibits any involvement in immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The federal government has not yet responded,\" Keegan said in an emailed statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vitiello said the federal government wanted 237 troops for work in two parts of the state that California \"has indicated they will not perform,\" but he emphasized that California may participate in other ways that must still be worked out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are anticipating additional requirements, and we got a signal from California that they are interested in improving border security,\" Vitiello said. \"So, at some point that might come together.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown was clear last week that California troops will help go after drugs, guns and criminal gangs, but not immigrants. Drawing that line will likely prove difficult because the Border Patrol combats illegal immigration but also drug smuggling and other crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown's pledge of 400 troops allowed Trump to boast support from all four border-state governors and helped put the president above the lower end of his threshold of marshaling 2,000 to 4,000 troops that he wants to fight illegal immigration and drug trafficking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic governor cast his decision as a welcome infusion of support paid for by the U.S. government to fight transnational criminal gangs and drug and firearms smugglers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican governors from Arizona, New Mexico and Texas have openly embraced the Trump administration's plans and specific jobs for their troops, as California did in previous Guard deployments. Texas National Guard members are already doing aerial and ground surveillance. The Arizona National Guard said last week that its troops will provide air and ground support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Guard had about 900 troops working on the border mission Monday, a number that changes daily, said Lt. Gen. Daniel R. Hokanson, the National Guard Bureau's vice chief. Nearly 250 were in Arizona, more than 60 in New Mexico and about 650 in Texas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Alonso Lugo reported from Washington.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>More local governments in California are resisting the state’s efforts to resist the Trump administration’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654570/trump-says-u-s-is-looking-into-oakland-mayor-libby-schaafs-immigration-raid-warning\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">immigration crackdown\u003c/a>, and political experts see politics at play as Republicans try to fire up voters in a state where the GOP has grown weak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Jeff Sessions-led Department of Justice \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101864188/u-s-attorney-general-sessions-sues-california-over-sanctuary-laws\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">sued California\u003c/a> last month over its so-called “sanctuary state” law limiting police collaboration with immigration agents, at least a dozen local governments have voted to either join or support the lawsuit or for resolutions opposing the state’s position. Those include the Board of Supervisors in Orange County, which has more than 3 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More action is coming this week, with leaders in the Orange County city of Los Alamitos scheduled to vote Monday on a proposal for a local law to exempt the community of 12,000 from the state law. On Tuesday, the San Diego County Board of Supervisors is meeting to consider joining the Trump administration lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration has been a hot topic across the country since President Donald Trump campaigned in 2016 on promises of tougher enforcement and a wall on the U.S.-Mexico border. It has been a lightning rod issue in California far longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state passed a measure backed by Republican Gov. Pete Wilson in the 1990s to deny public health care and education to immigrants in the country illegally. It was later overturned but left a lingering resentment among the state’s growing Hispanic population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, California Republicans have taken a less strident approach to immigration in a state where one in four people are foreign-born. But the Trump administration lawsuit has energized many in a party that has been rendered nearly irrelevant at the state level, where Democrats control every key office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the attorney general of the United States decides to take a firm position against it, I think that gave a signal to a lot of us that, ‘Hey, California is on the wrong side of this thing,'” said Fred Whitaker, chairman of the Republican Party in Orange County. He also is a councilman in the city of Orange who proposed a local resolution on the issue that passed last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raphael Sonenshein, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://calstatela.patbrowninstitute.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Pat Brown Institute for Public Affairs\u003c/a> at California State University, Los Angeles, said it’s not surprising Republicans are galvanizing over immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Politics is very much about emotions, especially in midterms,” he said. “I think it was only a matter of time when people went back to the issue that actually hits the nerve in the Republican base these days more than any other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Democratic leadership, California has enacted a series of laws in recent years aimed at helping immigrants, including issuing driver’s licenses regardless of legal status and assisting with tuition at state universities. After Trump was elected, lawmakers passed the measure to limit police collaboration with federal immigration agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant and civil rights advocates applauded the measure, known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11616363/governor-senate-leader-reach-deal-on-california-sanctuary-state-bill\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SB54\u003c/a>, as a way to encourage immigrants to report crime to police without fearing deportation. Critics said it would make it too hard for federal agents to find and deport ex-convicts who are a danger to communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the local governments siding with the Trump administration are in Orange County, an area once considered a GOP stronghold but that voted for Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election. But it’s starting to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Escondido in neighboring San Diego County has voted to support the federal lawsuit and last week the small city of Ripon in the state’s Central Valley did the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many cases, meetings on the issue have drawn boisterous crowds. Anti-illegal immigration activists have traveled from city to city to attend, heightening tensions with those who want their communities to support immigrant-friendly policies or stay out of the fray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the controversy, some local governments have taken the opposite approach. Leaders in Santa Ana, an Orange County city home to about 330,000 residents, voted to support California in the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the supervisors pushing the issue in Orange and San Diego counties are Republicans running for Congress and they may see this as a way to generate needed enthusiasm, said Louis DeSipio, a political science professor at the University of California, Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mobilization that could come from introducing immigration debates into county political races may be a critical element in a year like 2018 when Democrats will likely be more mobilized than Republicans,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>More local governments in California are resisting the state’s efforts to resist the Trump administration’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654570/trump-says-u-s-is-looking-into-oakland-mayor-libby-schaafs-immigration-raid-warning\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">immigration crackdown\u003c/a>, and political experts see politics at play as Republicans try to fire up voters in a state where the GOP has grown weak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Jeff Sessions-led Department of Justice \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/forum/2010101864188/u-s-attorney-general-sessions-sues-california-over-sanctuary-laws\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">sued California\u003c/a> last month over its so-called “sanctuary state” law limiting police collaboration with immigration agents, at least a dozen local governments have voted to either join or support the lawsuit or for resolutions opposing the state’s position. Those include the Board of Supervisors in Orange County, which has more than 3 million people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More action is coming this week, with leaders in the Orange County city of Los Alamitos scheduled to vote Monday on a proposal for a local law to exempt the community of 12,000 from the state law. On Tuesday, the San Diego County Board of Supervisors is meeting to consider joining the Trump administration lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration has been a hot topic across the country since President Donald Trump campaigned in 2016 on promises of tougher enforcement and a wall on the U.S.-Mexico border. It has been a lightning rod issue in California far longer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state passed a measure backed by Republican Gov. Pete Wilson in the 1990s to deny public health care and education to immigrants in the country illegally. It was later overturned but left a lingering resentment among the state’s growing Hispanic population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent years, California Republicans have taken a less strident approach to immigration in a state where one in four people are foreign-born. But the Trump administration lawsuit has energized many in a party that has been rendered nearly irrelevant at the state level, where Democrats control every key office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When the attorney general of the United States decides to take a firm position against it, I think that gave a signal to a lot of us that, ‘Hey, California is on the wrong side of this thing,'” said Fred Whitaker, chairman of the Republican Party in Orange County. He also is a councilman in the city of Orange who proposed a local resolution on the issue that passed last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raphael Sonenshein, executive director of the \u003ca href=\"https://calstatela.patbrowninstitute.org/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Pat Brown Institute for Public Affairs\u003c/a> at California State University, Los Angeles, said it’s not surprising Republicans are galvanizing over immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Politics is very much about emotions, especially in midterms,” he said. “I think it was only a matter of time when people went back to the issue that actually hits the nerve in the Republican base these days more than any other.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Democratic leadership, California has enacted a series of laws in recent years aimed at helping immigrants, including issuing driver’s licenses regardless of legal status and assisting with tuition at state universities. After Trump was elected, lawmakers passed the measure to limit police collaboration with federal immigration agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant and civil rights advocates applauded the measure, known as \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11616363/governor-senate-leader-reach-deal-on-california-sanctuary-state-bill\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">SB54\u003c/a>, as a way to encourage immigrants to report crime to police without fearing deportation. Critics said it would make it too hard for federal agents to find and deport ex-convicts who are a danger to communities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the local governments siding with the Trump administration are in Orange County, an area once considered a GOP stronghold but that voted for Hillary Clinton in the 2016 presidential election. But it’s starting to spread.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Escondido in neighboring San Diego County has voted to support the federal lawsuit and last week the small city of Ripon in the state’s Central Valley did the same.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In many cases, meetings on the issue have drawn boisterous crowds. Anti-illegal immigration activists have traveled from city to city to attend, heightening tensions with those who want their communities to support immigrant-friendly policies or stay out of the fray.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to the controversy, some local governments have taken the opposite approach. Leaders in Santa Ana, an Orange County city home to about 330,000 residents, voted to support California in the lawsuit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the supervisors pushing the issue in Orange and San Diego counties are Republicans running for Congress and they may see this as a way to generate needed enthusiasm, said Louis DeSipio, a political science professor at the University of California, Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The mobilization that could come from introducing immigration debates into county political races may be a critical element in a year like 2018 when Democrats will likely be more mobilized than Republicans,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A decorated former U.S. Army paratrooper whose work on behalf of deported veterans drew widespread attention to his cause became a U.S. citizen Friday, giving immigration advocates a rare reason to celebrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hector Barajas, who was deported to Mexico in 2010, beamed after taking his citizenship oath in a small, private ceremony at a government office in San Diego in full military uniform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I get to live the American Dream for a second time,\" he said, holding a small American flag in his hand at a jubilant news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barajas has managed a shelter for deported veterans in the Mexican border city of Tijuana for the last eight years, drawing support from members of Congress and advocacy groups including the American Civil Liberties Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barajas got his break last year when California Gov. Jerry Brown pardoned a 2002 conviction for shooting at an occupied vehicle. Brown cited Barajas' military service and advocacy work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services told him in March that he was granted citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659274\">Deported Army Veteran Wins Fight for U.S. Citizenship\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659274\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/deportee-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Hours before Barajas took his oath, President Donald Trump tweeted about plans for a border wall with Mexico and a crackdown on so-called sanctuary cities. A surge of deportation arrests and sweeping policy changes have reeled advocates of more open immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nathan Fletcher, a Marine combat veteran and chairman of the advocacy group Honorably Discharged, Dishonorably Discarded, said Trump's tweet started the day with \"division and conflict and tearing families apart\" and ended with Barajas taking his oath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a tremendous contrast of what can happen and what should happen and it shows that injustice can be overcome,\" Fletcher said alongside Barajas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barajas came to the United States from Mexico with a green card obtained through family ties when he was 7 years old. After graduating from high school, he served in the U.S. Army from 1995 to 2001, when he was honorably discharged, according to his federal lawsuit filed in December seeking citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was a member of the 82nd Airborne Division and received several military accolades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After serving prison time for his felony conviction, he was deported in 2004 to Mexico, lacking fluency in Spanish and struggling to find work, according to the lawsuit. He returned to the United States and was deported again in 2010 after police stopped him for a traffic infraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some military members are entitled to seek citizenship. The American Civil Liberties Union said Barajas is the second deported veteran pardoned by Brown to be allowed to return to the United States and that there are hundreds, perhaps thousands, waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marine veteran Marco Chavez was pardoned for cruelty to animals and allowed to return to the U.S. from Mexico in December.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A decorated former U.S. Army paratrooper whose work on behalf of deported veterans drew widespread attention to his cause became a U.S. citizen Friday, giving immigration advocates a rare reason to celebrate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hector Barajas, who was deported to Mexico in 2010, beamed after taking his citizenship oath in a small, private ceremony at a government office in San Diego in full military uniform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I get to live the American Dream for a second time,\" he said, holding a small American flag in his hand at a jubilant news conference.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barajas has managed a shelter for deported veterans in the Mexican border city of Tijuana for the last eight years, drawing support from members of Congress and advocacy groups including the American Civil Liberties Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barajas got his break last year when California Gov. Jerry Brown pardoned a 2002 conviction for shooting at an occupied vehicle. Brown cited Barajas' military service and advocacy work.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services told him in March that he was granted citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659274\">Deported Army Veteran Wins Fight for U.S. Citizenship\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659274\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/deportee-1020x765.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Hours before Barajas took his oath, President Donald Trump tweeted about plans for a border wall with Mexico and a crackdown on so-called sanctuary cities. A surge of deportation arrests and sweeping policy changes have reeled advocates of more open immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nathan Fletcher, a Marine combat veteran and chairman of the advocacy group Honorably Discharged, Dishonorably Discarded, said Trump's tweet started the day with \"division and conflict and tearing families apart\" and ended with Barajas taking his oath.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a tremendous contrast of what can happen and what should happen and it shows that injustice can be overcome,\" Fletcher said alongside Barajas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Barajas came to the United States from Mexico with a green card obtained through family ties when he was 7 years old. After graduating from high school, he served in the U.S. Army from 1995 to 2001, when he was honorably discharged, according to his federal lawsuit filed in December seeking citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He was a member of the 82nd Airborne Division and received several military accolades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After serving prison time for his felony conviction, he was deported in 2004 to Mexico, lacking fluency in Spanish and struggling to find work, according to the lawsuit. He returned to the United States and was deported again in 2010 after police stopped him for a traffic infraction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some military members are entitled to seek citizenship. The American Civil Liberties Union said Barajas is the second deported veteran pardoned by Brown to be allowed to return to the United States and that there are hundreds, perhaps thousands, waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marine veteran Marco Chavez was pardoned for cruelty to animals and allowed to return to the U.S. from Mexico in December.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "what-ice-cream-flavors-can-teach-us-about-the-changing-california-dream",
"title": "What Ice Cream Flavors Can Teach Us About the Changing California Dream",
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"headTitle": "What Ice Cream Flavors Can Teach Us About the Changing California Dream | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Chris and John Fosselman hoist ice cream flavors — mango, salty caramel, vanilla, coffee — into four mixers and wait for the churn before hand-packing buckets with their crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Fosselman’s Ice Cream in Alhambra, the family-run operation is streamlined, producing 200-plus flavors for the retail store and wholesale operation on Main Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brothers are the third generation of Fosselmans to run the nearly century-old business, turning their grandfather’s California dream that he brought from Waverly, Iowa in 1924, into their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For families with generations in California, the dream evolves. For those who are new — like Asian and Latino immigrants who have been arriving in greater numbers since the 1970s — the dream also is evolutionary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What, if anything, does it mean for the California dream when the population changes? Despite generational and cultural differences most people seek a version of the same dream, said Bill Deverell, University of Southern California historian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For most people the California dream is not that vaunted,” Deverell said. “The California dream is a better life for your grandchildren than you had; the California dream is a very, very strong public education system. The California dream is, of course, tied to a perspective about a particular kind of harmony with nature. So it’s an ambition and a hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Fosselmans, the move to California made sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He could sell a lot more ice cream in California than he could in Waverly, Iowa,” said John, 49. “He loved the people, he loved the ability to grow. Back then it was a lot easier business climate than it is now as far as, you know, regulations and what you could and couldn’t do. I think it was definitely the land of opportunity in his mind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661805\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11661805\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-800x663.jpg\" alt=\"Chris Fosselman, forefront, pours salted caramel into a bucket to use in a mixer. John, center back, coordinates the hand packing with other staff members.\" width=\"800\" height=\"663\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-800x663.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-160x133.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-1020x846.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-1200x995.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-1180x978.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-960x796.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-240x199.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-375x311.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-520x431.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chris Fosselman, forefront, pours salted caramel into a bucket to use in a mixer. John, center back, coordinates the hand packing with other staff members. \u003ccite>(Elizabeth Aguilera/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The brothers now have their version of the California dream going, seeded by the work of their grandfather, father and uncles. They have embraced the community as it has changed, while keeping the same recipe for ice cream — heavy on the buttercream and low on fillers — that makes them successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this city about 10 miles outside of downtown Los Angeles, in the San Gabriel Valley, the population has shifted from majority white. The city is 54 percent Asian and 34 percent Latino, according to the 2016 Census American Community Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asians are the fastest-growing group of immigrants and are expected to exceed Latino immigrants in the U.S. within five decades, according to a Pew Research report. Between 2000 and 2015, the Asian population grew 72 percent with Chinese, Indian and Filipino making up the largest nationalities. California is home to about one-third of the Asian population in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The perspective on the dream appears to shift the longer a family has been in the state, especially among baby boomers. They worry that the new generation is doing worse than they were and that their children may not be able to be as successful. A recent USC Dornsife/Los Angeles Times poll found that 50 percent of Californians believe younger residents are doing worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While cost of living is rising, the middle class is shrinking, wages have remained relatively stagnant and housing prices have skyrocketed, many Californians are still optimistic about the dream for them and their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11661854\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-800x582.jpg\" alt=\"Brothers John (L) and Chris Fosselman are the third generation in their family to run the ice cream business.\" width=\"800\" height=\"582\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-800x582.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-1020x742.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-1200x873.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-1180x859.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-960x699.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-240x175.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-375x273.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-520x378.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brothers John (L) and Chris Fosselman are the third generation in their family to run the ice cream business. \u003ccite>(Elizabeth Aguilera/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That includes the Fosselman brothers, who feel they’ve achieved their version of the dream. They bought into the business nearly three decades ago, purchased homes in Pasadena, have families and have grown the business every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve already reached my dream a long time ago, I had a very small goal, I wanted to have a really nice family, a nice roof over my head and make a good product and help make my kids happy; and I’ve done that. I reached it. I don’t have giant expectations,” said Chris, 52.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many people the California dream is not so much about vast wealth or family because those are fleeting and those aren’t necessarily equations that equal happiness in California,” said Deverell, the USC historian. “It doesn’t mean that it’s handed to people. It means that the California Dream asks people to, in essence, work for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So just doing what the family has always done isn’t the way the Fosselmans have pursued their dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe the rebirth for Chris and I with the California Dream really has been the kind of the influx of new people and new immigrants to the area that didn’t have anybody there that was making that product for them,” John said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late ’80s with the help of community members, Fosselman’s began producing different kinds of ice cream for the newcomers — flavors large producers would never make for burgeoning ethnic groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661846\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11661846\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A Fosselman's manager makes a shake, below a sign advertising Taro ice cream.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Fosselman’s manager makes a shake, below a sign advertising Taro ice cream. \u003ccite>(Elizabeth Aguilera/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We make lychee and taro and black sesame and matcha green tea and ginger and things like that, which were never obviously in my grandfather’s flavor catalog or my dad or uncles,” said John. “Then on the Latino side, we do horchata, Oaxacan chocolate and dulce de leche.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new menu didn’t happen by accident. Community members came to Fosselman’s to request them for their restaurants and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brothers said yes. They recognized an opportunity to serve the changing population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they’ve come to know is that while the immigrants may have entirely different backgrounds, their dreams are similar. They want opportunities, jobs, good education and better lives for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661819\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11661819\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-800x558.jpg\" alt=\"Pinki Chen made the rounds at the recent Chinese New Year festival, greeting long-time vendors she worked with for the two decades she ran the celebration.\" width=\"800\" height=\"558\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-800x558.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-1020x711.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-1200x837.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-1180x823.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-960x670.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-240x167.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-375x262.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-520x363.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pinki Chen made the rounds at the recent Chinese New Year festival, greeting long-time vendors she worked with for the two decades she ran the celebration. \u003ccite>(Elizabeth Aguilera/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About five minutes away at the annual Chinese New Year Festival another prominent Alhambran — Pinki Chen — made the rounds talking to long-time vendors, fire department representatives and children dressed up as dogs ready to go on stage after the dragon dancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hello, hello,” she called out to people she recognized. Chen ran the festival for 20 years until retiring last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen arrived in the city in 1980 from Taiwan, after a few years in Boston to attend college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California was the land of opportunity, she said, and great weather. Plus the growing Asian community made it easy for her to move West. Her vision of California was directly influenced by the western television programs she watched as a child in Taiwan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember watching a lot of the wagon trains coming into the West, the pioneer and also finding the gold,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, she found her version of that dream — a career, a family and a house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The freedom, definitely is a very different from the old country,” said Chen, now 70. “Here, in spirit, you can pretty much do everything, anything, and then you know the opportunities are much greater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654616/for-the-middle-class-the-california-dream-has-become-a-california-joke\">For the Middle Class, the California Dream Has Become a California Joke\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654616/for-the-middle-class-the-california-dream-has-become-a-california-joke\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/MiddleClassDream-1038x576.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She started as a language instructor and, like the Fosselman brothers, reinvented herself over and over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen became a Realtor and later a real estate developer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she saw the market starting to slow she knew she had to find something else. Around that time she was asked to serve on the New Year Festival committee. She was first a volunteer but eventually took it over as full-time executive director for two decades. She did all of this while raising two daughters with her late husband in San Marino, one of California’s wealthiest cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the Fosselmans, Chen agrees the dream may be harder to attain these days. But she’s still a believer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes you have to be very brave when there’s an opportunity,” she said. “And you just grab it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you’re reinventing ice cream flavors or a career, California is a place where residents can evolve, which is something that still attracts people today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think traditionally people who come to California expecting to find the California dream work for it over the course of entire lives,” said Deverell. “So that kind of Californian dream about putting your shoulder to it and working hard, that seems to be constant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: An earlier version of this story misstated the university where historian Bill Deverell works.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11660142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-160x44.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1020x280.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1180x324.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-960x263.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-240x66.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-375x103.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-520x143.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg 1867w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "A scoop of horchata or matcha green tea would have been all but impossible to find in the past. Now they're part of the evolving dream for some California businesses -- and the families they serve.",
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"title": "What Ice Cream Flavors Can Teach Us About the Changing California Dream | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Chris and John Fosselman hoist ice cream flavors — mango, salty caramel, vanilla, coffee — into four mixers and wait for the churn before hand-packing buckets with their crew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Fosselman’s Ice Cream in Alhambra, the family-run operation is streamlined, producing 200-plus flavors for the retail store and wholesale operation on Main Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brothers are the third generation of Fosselmans to run the nearly century-old business, turning their grandfather’s California dream that he brought from Waverly, Iowa in 1924, into their own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For families with generations in California, the dream evolves. For those who are new — like Asian and Latino immigrants who have been arriving in greater numbers since the 1970s — the dream also is evolutionary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What, if anything, does it mean for the California dream when the population changes? Despite generational and cultural differences most people seek a version of the same dream, said Bill Deverell, University of Southern California historian.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For most people the California dream is not that vaunted,” Deverell said. “The California dream is a better life for your grandchildren than you had; the California dream is a very, very strong public education system. The California dream is, of course, tied to a perspective about a particular kind of harmony with nature. So it’s an ambition and a hope.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For the Fosselmans, the move to California made sense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He could sell a lot more ice cream in California than he could in Waverly, Iowa,” said John, 49. “He loved the people, he loved the ability to grow. Back then it was a lot easier business climate than it is now as far as, you know, regulations and what you could and couldn’t do. I think it was definitely the land of opportunity in his mind.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661805\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11661805\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-800x663.jpg\" alt=\"Chris Fosselman, forefront, pours salted caramel into a bucket to use in a mixer. John, center back, coordinates the hand packing with other staff members.\" width=\"800\" height=\"663\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-800x663.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-160x133.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-1020x846.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-1200x995.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-1180x978.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-960x796.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-240x199.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-375x311.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FosselmanPours-520x431.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chris Fosselman, forefront, pours salted caramel into a bucket to use in a mixer. John, center back, coordinates the hand packing with other staff members. \u003ccite>(Elizabeth Aguilera/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The brothers now have their version of the California dream going, seeded by the work of their grandfather, father and uncles. They have embraced the community as it has changed, while keeping the same recipe for ice cream — heavy on the buttercream and low on fillers — that makes them successful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this city about 10 miles outside of downtown Los Angeles, in the San Gabriel Valley, the population has shifted from majority white. The city is 54 percent Asian and 34 percent Latino, according to the 2016 Census American Community Survey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asians are the fastest-growing group of immigrants and are expected to exceed Latino immigrants in the U.S. within five decades, according to a Pew Research report. Between 2000 and 2015, the Asian population grew 72 percent with Chinese, Indian and Filipino making up the largest nationalities. California is home to about one-third of the Asian population in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The perspective on the dream appears to shift the longer a family has been in the state, especially among baby boomers. They worry that the new generation is doing worse than they were and that their children may not be able to be as successful. A recent USC Dornsife/Los Angeles Times poll found that 50 percent of Californians believe younger residents are doing worse.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While cost of living is rising, the middle class is shrinking, wages have remained relatively stagnant and housing prices have skyrocketed, many Californians are still optimistic about the dream for them and their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661854\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11661854\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-800x582.jpg\" alt=\"Brothers John (L) and Chris Fosselman are the third generation in their family to run the ice cream business.\" width=\"800\" height=\"582\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-800x582.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-160x116.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-1020x742.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-1200x873.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-1180x859.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-960x699.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-240x175.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-375x273.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Fosselmans-520x378.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Brothers John (L) and Chris Fosselman are the third generation in their family to run the ice cream business. \u003ccite>(Elizabeth Aguilera/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That includes the Fosselman brothers, who feel they’ve achieved their version of the dream. They bought into the business nearly three decades ago, purchased homes in Pasadena, have families and have grown the business every year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’ve already reached my dream a long time ago, I had a very small goal, I wanted to have a really nice family, a nice roof over my head and make a good product and help make my kids happy; and I’ve done that. I reached it. I don’t have giant expectations,” said Chris, 52.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For many people the California dream is not so much about vast wealth or family because those are fleeting and those aren’t necessarily equations that equal happiness in California,” said Deverell, the USC historian. “It doesn’t mean that it’s handed to people. It means that the California Dream asks people to, in essence, work for it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So just doing what the family has always done isn’t the way the Fosselmans have pursued their dream.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Maybe the rebirth for Chris and I with the California Dream really has been the kind of the influx of new people and new immigrants to the area that didn’t have anybody there that was making that product for them,” John said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the late ’80s with the help of community members, Fosselman’s began producing different kinds of ice cream for the newcomers — flavors large producers would never make for burgeoning ethnic groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661846\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11661846\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"A Fosselman's manager makes a shake, below a sign advertising Taro ice cream.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-1200x900.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/TaroIceCream-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Fosselman’s manager makes a shake, below a sign advertising Taro ice cream. \u003ccite>(Elizabeth Aguilera/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We make lychee and taro and black sesame and matcha green tea and ginger and things like that, which were never obviously in my grandfather’s flavor catalog or my dad or uncles,” said John. “Then on the Latino side, we do horchata, Oaxacan chocolate and dulce de leche.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new menu didn’t happen by accident. Community members came to Fosselman’s to request them for their restaurants and businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The brothers said yes. They recognized an opportunity to serve the changing population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What they’ve come to know is that while the immigrants may have entirely different backgrounds, their dreams are similar. They want opportunities, jobs, good education and better lives for their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661819\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11661819\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-800x558.jpg\" alt=\"Pinki Chen made the rounds at the recent Chinese New Year festival, greeting long-time vendors she worked with for the two decades she ran the celebration.\" width=\"800\" height=\"558\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-800x558.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-160x112.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-1020x711.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-1200x837.jpg 1200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-1180x823.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-960x670.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-240x167.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-375x262.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Pinki-520x363.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Pinki Chen made the rounds at the recent Chinese New Year festival, greeting long-time vendors she worked with for the two decades she ran the celebration. \u003ccite>(Elizabeth Aguilera/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>About five minutes away at the annual Chinese New Year Festival another prominent Alhambran — Pinki Chen — made the rounds talking to long-time vendors, fire department representatives and children dressed up as dogs ready to go on stage after the dragon dancers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hello, hello,” she called out to people she recognized. Chen ran the festival for 20 years until retiring last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen arrived in the city in 1980 from Taiwan, after a few years in Boston to attend college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California was the land of opportunity, she said, and great weather. Plus the growing Asian community made it easy for her to move West. Her vision of California was directly influenced by the western television programs she watched as a child in Taiwan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I remember watching a lot of the wagon trains coming into the West, the pioneer and also finding the gold,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, she found her version of that dream — a career, a family and a house.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The freedom, definitely is a very different from the old country,” said Chen, now 70. “Here, in spirit, you can pretty much do everything, anything, and then you know the opportunities are much greater.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654616/for-the-middle-class-the-california-dream-has-become-a-california-joke\">For the Middle Class, the California Dream Has Become a California Joke\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11654616/for-the-middle-class-the-california-dream-has-become-a-california-joke\">\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/MiddleClassDream-1038x576.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>She started as a language instructor and, like the Fosselman brothers, reinvented herself over and over.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chen became a Realtor and later a real estate developer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she saw the market starting to slow she knew she had to find something else. Around that time she was asked to serve on the New Year Festival committee. She was first a volunteer but eventually took it over as full-time executive director for two decades. She did all of this while raising two daughters with her late husband in San Marino, one of California’s wealthiest cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Like the Fosselmans, Chen agrees the dream may be harder to attain these days. But she’s still a believer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Sometimes you have to be very brave when there’s an opportunity,” she said. “And you just grab it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether you’re reinventing ice cream flavors or a career, California is a place where residents can evolve, which is something that still attracts people today.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think traditionally people who come to California expecting to find the California dream work for it over the course of entire lives,” said Deverell. “So that kind of Californian dream about putting your shoulder to it and working hard, that seems to be constant.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Correction: An earlier version of this story misstated the university where historian Bill Deverell works.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Immigrants Seek Stability of U.S. Citizenship But Cost Is Often a Barrier",
"title": "Immigrants Seek Stability of U.S. Citizenship But Cost Is Often a Barrier",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Guatemalan immigrant Elida Oxlaj and two dozen other adult students hunched over thick U.S. history books at a weekly class in Redwood City, preparing for a test they must pass to become U.S. citizens. Since President Trump took office, Oxlaj has felt an urgency to naturalize, fearing that her green card is no longer a guarantee of safety with the administration's hard-line immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So far, nothing bad has happened close to my family. But I am still nervous,\" said Oxlaj, adding that other legal permanent residents she knows share that concern. \"The worst fear is that they'll kick us out of the country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Oxlaj, who has lived in this country for 10 years, has delayed submitting her application for citizenship to the federal government. She said can't afford the $725 filing costs on her modest income as a janitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants are showing greater interest in securing the benefits of U.S. citizenship, including the right to vote and economic advantages, such as better job prospects. But experts warn the steep application fee, which has tripled over the last two decades, is a big barrier for many of the nearly 9 million adults eligible for citizenship nationwide. They say state and local communities are also losing out on additional tax revenue and more civic engagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives at the\u003ca href=\"https://iibayarea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> International Institute of the Bay Area\u003c/a>, a nonprofit group that offers the free English and citizenship classes Oxlaj attends, said their organization and others nationwide are seeing more immigrants interested in naturalizing since the 2016 presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of our learners were perfectly happy to be permanent residents,\" said Sam Bianco, a class coordinator with the International Institute. \"But the current climate in the immigrant community is very tense and fearful, and the only way to have the security of being able to live the rest of your life in the United States is through obtaining citizenship.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal year 2017, more people applied for citizenship than in any year but one in the last two decades, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/tools/reports-studies/immigration-forms-data/data-set-form-n-400-application-naturalization\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">figures\u003c/a> from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. The only exception was fiscal year 2007, when applications surged, largely in \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/sites/default/files/nclr_citizenship_beyond_reach_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anticipation of a significant fee hike\u003c/a> scheduled for later that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11661581\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"804\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut-800x545.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut-1020x695.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut-960x654.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut-240x164.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut-375x256.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut-520x354.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">Most of the permanent residents the International Institute serves are from Central America and work in blue-collar jobs in the service and construction industries. Bianco said many students delay applying because they can’t come up with the money to pay for the fees. Immigrants may also struggle with limited English or lack information on the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total cost of applying for citizenship has increased dramatically over the last 30 years. The price tag was only $35 in 1988 (about $80 in today’s dollars).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say low-income workers have less disposable income for the fee in regions where the cost of living is high, such as the San Francisco Bay Area. Oxlaj, a mom of two, has been trying for months to save enough money for the citizenship application, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"More than $700 is just too much,\" said Oxlaj, who recently became the sole breadwinner for her family after her husband was injured. \"We need that money to pay rent and other bills.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11661578\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"780\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut-960x635.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut-520x344.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Does It Cost $725?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/us-citizenship\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services\u003c/a>, part of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, oversees lawful migration. In contrast to many other government agencies that are funded through appropriations of taxpayer money, USCIS relies on application fees to pay for more than 90 percent of its operations. That includes employee salaries and computer software.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Congress took a look at the fact that there is a cost to processing these immigration applications and they said, 'Who should pay the cost, the taxpayer or those who are applying for the benefits?' \" said Sharon Rummery, a spokeswoman with the agency. \"They decided it's the applicants who should pay.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every two years, USCIS conducts an audit to ensure that fees are sufficient to cover expenses. Rummery said one reason the agency charges more now is because of additional national security screenings. The current citizenship application is 20 pages long, but in 2013 it was only 10 pages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661504\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11661504\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People wait in line at the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services offices in downtown San Francisco on March, 27, 2018. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agency Offers Discount\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USCIS offers to \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/feewaiver\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waive the citizenship application fee\u003c/a> completely for extremely low-income immigrants who can prove they earn less than 150 percent of the federal poverty guidelines (an annual income of $37,650 for a family of four). In 2016, at the end of the Obama administration, the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/news/news-releases/uscis-announces-final-rule-adjusting-immigration-benefit-application-and-petition-fees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced\u003c/a> it would also offer a substantial fee cut for immigrants who earn up to 200 percent of the federal poverty level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the kind of information that potential applicants can find at citizenship events organized regularly by nonprofits and cities. \u003ca href=\"http://newamericanscampaign.org/fee-waiver/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Online tools\u003c/a> are also available to help people figure out if they qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those who could benefit from the reduced-cost option often don't know about it, said Duncan Lawrence, who directs the \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrationlab.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Immigration Policy Lab\u003c/a> at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know there are actually lots of people who are unaware of the federal fee waiver program and so they may never in the first place apply for citizenship because they think that it costs $725,\" said Lawrence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for those who make a bit too much to qualify for the agency's discount, the price of petitioning citizenship \"can be a huge barrier,\" said Lawrence. He estimates that about 400,000 lawful permanent residents in California could fit that description. The state has more than 2 million adults eligible to naturalize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawrence wanted to know how big of an obstacle the cost of applying really is. He led \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/press-releases/2018/01/17/low-income-immig-u-s-citizenship/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a study\u003c/a>, published in January, that followed about 860 low-income immigrants living in New York City who earn just a little more than the cutoff for the USCIS fee discount. Some got vouchers from New York State to cover their citizenship application, while another group didn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawrence found that financial aid made a tremendous difference: People were nearly twice as likely to apply for naturalization. He said other local governments may want to follow New York’s lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For local communities and states, there's an opportunity, based on what we've demonstrated, to help this low-income group overcome the financial challenges,\" said Lawrence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661502\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11661502 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mirabel Bermudez, 44, (left) and Jacqueline Castillo, 32, follow a citizenship lesson in Redwood City on March 22, 2018. Many students struggle to pay the application fee but don't qualify for a federal discount, said Sam Bianco, class coordinator at the International Institute of the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'It's Important Cities Step Up'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, home to about one-quarter of all U.S. adults eligible to naturalize, some cities have started making a modest investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose used a grant to cover the citizenship application fee for about 50 immigrants who finished a financial literacy course last year. The city is planning a similar program this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, the fear in immigrant communities after the 2016 presidential election motivated city leaders to allocate about $90,000 to pay half of the citizenship fee, said Rich Whipple, deputy director at the San Francisco \u003ca href=\"http://sfgov.org/oceia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Office of Civic Engagement and Immigrant Affairs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s important that cities step up to help people calm those fears, and I think that helping to cover the fee is part of that,\" said Whipple, adding that over 100 immigrants who live, work or study in San Francisco have benefited so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several nonprofits in California help people fill out their citizenship applications, but few finance the fee. One of them is Mission Asset Fund, a financial services organization in San Francisco, which provides \u003ca href=\"https://missionassetfund.org/immigration-programs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zero-interest loans\u003c/a> statewide, said Mohan Kanungo, director of programs at the organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘It Would Change The Country’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants who naturalize can benefit from a greater sense of security and are more likely to have higher incomes and own their homes, compared to people who don't get citizenship, according to researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If half of the eligible immigrants in California naturalized, they would earn a combined $18 billion more over 10 years, according to a 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/731/docs/CSII_Data_Inform_Strategy_California_ETN_Final_July2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> by the Center for the Study of Immigrant Integration at the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and local communities stand to gain tax revenue when immigrants earn more, and they also benefit from increased political participation, which would be a boon for American democracy, said Melissa Rodgers, who directs a national coalition of nonprofits called the New Americans Campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would change the country,\" said Rodgers. \"It makes an incredible difference when people become eligible to vote, to express their core beliefs and to engage in our democracy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be eligible for U.S. citizenship, lawful permanent residents must have a record of good moral character and have lived in the country for at least five years. The residency requirement is three years for green card holders who are married to U.S. citizens, like Elida Oxlaj, the citizenship student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of her income, Oxlaj might qualify for a federal fee discount, but she didn’t know it was a possibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going to investigate what I have to do so I don’t have to pay so much. and I can finally send my application in,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Faced with President Trump's hard-line immigration policies, more immigrants are applying to naturalize. But experts say many of the 2 million eligible immigrants in California can't afford the $725 application fee. ",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Guatemalan immigrant Elida Oxlaj and two dozen other adult students hunched over thick U.S. history books at a weekly class in Redwood City, preparing for a test they must pass to become U.S. citizens. Since President Trump took office, Oxlaj has felt an urgency to naturalize, fearing that her green card is no longer a guarantee of safety with the administration's hard-line immigration policies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So far, nothing bad has happened close to my family. But I am still nervous,\" said Oxlaj, adding that other legal permanent residents she knows share that concern. \"The worst fear is that they'll kick us out of the country.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Oxlaj, who has lived in this country for 10 years, has delayed submitting her application for citizenship to the federal government. She said can't afford the $725 filing costs on her modest income as a janitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants are showing greater interest in securing the benefits of U.S. citizenship, including the right to vote and economic advantages, such as better job prospects. But experts warn the steep application fee, which has tripled over the last two decades, is a big barrier for many of the nearly 9 million adults eligible for citizenship nationwide. They say state and local communities are also losing out on additional tax revenue and more civic engagement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Representatives at the\u003ca href=\"https://iibayarea.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> International Institute of the Bay Area\u003c/a>, a nonprofit group that offers the free English and citizenship classes Oxlaj attends, said their organization and others nationwide are seeing more immigrants interested in naturalizing since the 2016 presidential campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Many of our learners were perfectly happy to be permanent residents,\" said Sam Bianco, a class coordinator with the International Institute. \"But the current climate in the immigrant community is very tense and fearful, and the only way to have the security of being able to live the rest of your life in the United States is through obtaining citizenship.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fiscal year 2017, more people applied for citizenship than in any year but one in the last two decades, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/tools/reports-studies/immigration-forms-data/data-set-form-n-400-application-naturalization\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">figures\u003c/a> from U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. The only exception was fiscal year 2007, when applications surged, largely in \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/sites/default/files/nclr_citizenship_beyond_reach_0.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">anticipation of a significant fee hike\u003c/a> scheduled for later that year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11661581\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"804\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut-160x109.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut-800x545.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut-1020x695.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut-960x654.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut-240x164.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut-375x256.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30430_jQ9P5-2-qut-520x354.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">Most of the permanent residents the International Institute serves are from Central America and work in blue-collar jobs in the service and construction industries. Bianco said many students delay applying because they can’t come up with the money to pay for the fees. Immigrants may also struggle with limited English or lack information on the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The total cost of applying for citizenship has increased dramatically over the last 30 years. The price tag was only $35 in 1988 (about $80 in today’s dollars).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers say low-income workers have less disposable income for the fee in regions where the cost of living is high, such as the San Francisco Bay Area. Oxlaj, a mom of two, has been trying for months to save enough money for the citizenship application, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"More than $700 is just too much,\" said Oxlaj, who recently became the sole breadwinner for her family after her husband was injured. \"We need that money to pay rent and other bills.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-11661578\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1180\" height=\"780\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut-960x635.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30428_9kp9U-2-qut-520x344.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1180px) 100vw, 1180px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Does It Cost $725?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/us-citizenship\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services\u003c/a>, part of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, oversees lawful migration. In contrast to many other government agencies that are funded through appropriations of taxpayer money, USCIS relies on application fees to pay for more than 90 percent of its operations. That includes employee salaries and computer software.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Congress took a look at the fact that there is a cost to processing these immigration applications and they said, 'Who should pay the cost, the taxpayer or those who are applying for the benefits?' \" said Sharon Rummery, a spokeswoman with the agency. \"They decided it's the applicants who should pay.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every two years, USCIS conducts an audit to ensure that fees are sufficient to cover expenses. Rummery said one reason the agency charges more now is because of additional national security screenings. The current citizenship application is 20 pages long, but in 2013 it was only 10 pages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661504\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11661504\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30421_IMG_1521-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People wait in line at the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services offices in downtown San Francisco on March, 27, 2018. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Agency Offers Discount\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>USCIS offers to \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/feewaiver\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">waive the citizenship application fee\u003c/a> completely for extremely low-income immigrants who can prove they earn less than 150 percent of the federal poverty guidelines (an annual income of $37,650 for a family of four). In 2016, at the end of the Obama administration, the agency \u003ca href=\"https://www.uscis.gov/news/news-releases/uscis-announces-final-rule-adjusting-immigration-benefit-application-and-petition-fees\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">announced\u003c/a> it would also offer a substantial fee cut for immigrants who earn up to 200 percent of the federal poverty level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is the kind of information that potential applicants can find at citizenship events organized regularly by nonprofits and cities. \u003ca href=\"http://newamericanscampaign.org/fee-waiver/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Online tools\u003c/a> are also available to help people figure out if they qualify.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But those who could benefit from the reduced-cost option often don't know about it, said Duncan Lawrence, who directs the \u003ca href=\"https://www.immigrationlab.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Immigration Policy Lab\u003c/a> at Stanford University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know there are actually lots of people who are unaware of the federal fee waiver program and so they may never in the first place apply for citizenship because they think that it costs $725,\" said Lawrence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And for those who make a bit too much to qualify for the agency's discount, the price of petitioning citizenship \"can be a huge barrier,\" said Lawrence. He estimates that about 400,000 lawful permanent residents in California could fit that description. The state has more than 2 million adults eligible to naturalize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawrence wanted to know how big of an obstacle the cost of applying really is. He led \u003ca href=\"https://news.stanford.edu/press-releases/2018/01/17/low-income-immig-u-s-citizenship/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a study\u003c/a>, published in January, that followed about 860 low-income immigrants living in New York City who earn just a little more than the cutoff for the USCIS fee discount. Some got vouchers from New York State to cover their citizenship application, while another group didn't.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lawrence found that financial aid made a tremendous difference: People were nearly twice as likely to apply for naturalization. He said other local governments may want to follow New York’s lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"For local communities and states, there's an opportunity, based on what we've demonstrated, to help this low-income group overcome the financial challenges,\" said Lawrence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11661502\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11661502 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut-960x640.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/RS30419_IMG_1464-Mirabel-Bermudez-44-and-Jacqueline-Castillo-32-work-on-a-worksheet-during-a-citizenship-class-at-Fair-Oaks-Community-Center-in-Redwood-City-Calif-on-March-22-2018-qut-520x347.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mirabel Bermudez, 44, (left) and Jacqueline Castillo, 32, follow a citizenship lesson in Redwood City on March 22, 2018. Many students struggle to pay the application fee but don't qualify for a federal discount, said Sam Bianco, class coordinator at the International Institute of the Bay Area. \u003ccite>(Farida Jhabvala Romero/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'It's Important Cities Step Up'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, home to about one-quarter of all U.S. adults eligible to naturalize, some cities have started making a modest investment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Jose used a grant to cover the citizenship application fee for about 50 immigrants who finished a financial literacy course last year. The city is planning a similar program this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, the fear in immigrant communities after the 2016 presidential election motivated city leaders to allocate about $90,000 to pay half of the citizenship fee, said Rich Whipple, deputy director at the San Francisco \u003ca href=\"http://sfgov.org/oceia/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Office of Civic Engagement and Immigrant Affairs\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s important that cities step up to help people calm those fears, and I think that helping to cover the fee is part of that,\" said Whipple, adding that over 100 immigrants who live, work or study in San Francisco have benefited so far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several nonprofits in California help people fill out their citizenship applications, but few finance the fee. One of them is Mission Asset Fund, a financial services organization in San Francisco, which provides \u003ca href=\"https://missionassetfund.org/immigration-programs/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">zero-interest loans\u003c/a> statewide, said Mohan Kanungo, director of programs at the organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>‘It Would Change The Country’\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrants who naturalize can benefit from a greater sense of security and are more likely to have higher incomes and own their homes, compared to people who don't get citizenship, according to researchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If half of the eligible immigrants in California naturalized, they would earn a combined $18 billion more over 10 years, according to a 2016 \u003ca href=\"http://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/731/docs/CSII_Data_Inform_Strategy_California_ETN_Final_July2016.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">report\u003c/a> by the Center for the Study of Immigrant Integration at the University of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State and local communities stand to gain tax revenue when immigrants earn more, and they also benefit from increased political participation, which would be a boon for American democracy, said Melissa Rodgers, who directs a national coalition of nonprofits called the New Americans Campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It would change the country,\" said Rodgers. \"It makes an incredible difference when people become eligible to vote, to express their core beliefs and to engage in our democracy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To be eligible for U.S. citizenship, lawful permanent residents must have a record of good moral character and have lived in the country for at least five years. The residency requirement is three years for green card holders who are married to U.S. citizens, like Elida Oxlaj, the citizenship student.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of her income, Oxlaj might qualify for a federal fee discount, but she didn’t know it was a possibility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m going to investigate what I have to do so I don’t have to pay so much. and I can finally send my application in,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California to Join Guard Border Mission, but with Conditions",
"title": "California to Join Guard Border Mission, but with Conditions",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>California Gov. Jerry Brown accepted President Donald Trump's call to send the National Guard to the Mexican border, but rejected the White House's portrait of a burgeoning border crisis and insisted that his troops will have nothing to do with immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic governor broke a week of silence Wednesday by agreeing to contribute 400 troops, though not all will be on the border. Brown's commitment brought the pledges from four states that border Mexico to just shy of the low end of the president's target of 2,000 to 4,000 troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/984372760230154241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump praised Brown\u003c/a> on Twitter Thursday, but did not address the governor's comments on immigration. The president said Brown was \"doing the right thing and sending the National Guard to the Border. Thank you Jerry, good move for the safety of our Country!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Combating these criminal threats are priorities for all Americans - Republicans and Democrats,\" Brown wrote in a letter to Defense Secretary James Mattis and Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law, notably the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878, sharply limits military involvement in civilian law enforcement, creating a supporting role for the Guard. The Pentagon said last week that troops won't perform law enforcement functions or interact with people detained by border authorities without its approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown released a proposed agreement with the federal government that emphasizes the widely shared understanding of the Guard's limited role but explicitly bans any support of immigration enforcement. It says troops cannot guard anyone in custody for immigration violations or participate in construction of border barriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">California responds👇🏼 \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/8HCXoGXc87\">pic.twitter.com/8HCXoGXc87\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jerry Brown (@JerryBrownGov) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JerryBrownGov/status/984149390901178368?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 11, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The White House also praised Brown's decision without addressing his comments on immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're also glad to see California Gov. Jerry Brown work with the administration and send members of the National Guard to help secure the southern border,\" White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reaction in California was limited, with few of Brown's allies or opponents weighing in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Kevin de Leon, a Democratic U.S. Senate candidate and author of California's so-called sanctuary state law, said Guard deployment was unnecessary and not a good use of resources. But he said more can be done to combat border crime and that he appreciated Brown's design of \"a clear and limited mission focused on real public safety threats.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am confident Governor Brown will not use our National Guard to harass or tear apart immigrant families in California,\" he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Stutzman, who advised former Republican Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, praised the decision on Twitter, calling Brown's decision to accept money for using the Guard to fight drugs and human trafficking \"good government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration advocacy groups were critical, saying Brown's support was a boost for Trump's agenda. Lillian Serrano, chair of the San Diego Immigrant Rights Consortium, acknowledged the governor's proposed limits on the Guard's role but said his decision reflected \"flawed logic that we need more boots on the ground.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pedro Rios, director for the American Friends Service Committee's U.S.-Mexico border program in San Diego, questioned why Brown would send troops while rejecting Trump's premise that they are needed to help stop illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If he's in disagreement with Donald Trump about the justifications for having the National Guard on the border, then why would he accept it?\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Republican governors in other border states, Brown disagreed with Trump's portrayal of a border spiraling out of control, noting that Border Patrol arrests fell to the lowest level last year since 1971 and that California accounted for only 15 percent of the agency's arrests on the Mexican border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here are the facts: there is no massive wave of migrants pouring into California,\" Brown wrote the Trump Cabinet members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, Texas Republican Gov. Greg Abbott, who is contributing 1,000 troops, embraced Trump's mission the day it was announced, saying it would promote the rule of law and \"help ensure we are doing everything we can to stem the flow of illegal immigration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said California's troops would join an existing program to combat transnational drug crime, firearms smuggling and human trafficking. About 250 California National Guard troops are already participating, including 55 at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new contingent of California Guard members being deployed could be posted at the border, the coast and elsewhere statewide, Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California deployed troops to the border under former Presidents George W. Bush in 2006 and Barack Obama in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Gov. Jerry Brown agreed to send the National Guard to the Mexican border at President Donald Trump's request, but said his troops will not participate with immigration enforcement.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California Gov. Jerry Brown accepted President Donald Trump's call to send the National Guard to the Mexican border, but rejected the White House's portrait of a burgeoning border crisis and insisted that his troops will have nothing to do with immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Democratic governor broke a week of silence Wednesday by agreeing to contribute 400 troops, though not all will be on the border. Brown's commitment brought the pledges from four states that border Mexico to just shy of the low end of the president's target of 2,000 to 4,000 troops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/984372760230154241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Trump praised Brown\u003c/a> on Twitter Thursday, but did not address the governor's comments on immigration. The president said Brown was \"doing the right thing and sending the National Guard to the Border. Thank you Jerry, good move for the safety of our Country!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Combating these criminal threats are priorities for all Americans - Republicans and Democrats,\" Brown wrote in a letter to Defense Secretary James Mattis and Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal law, notably the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878, sharply limits military involvement in civilian law enforcement, creating a supporting role for the Guard. The Pentagon said last week that troops won't perform law enforcement functions or interact with people detained by border authorities without its approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown released a proposed agreement with the federal government that emphasizes the widely shared understanding of the Guard's limited role but explicitly bans any support of immigration enforcement. It says troops cannot guard anyone in custody for immigration violations or participate in construction of border barriers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\">\n\u003cp dir=\"ltr\" lang=\"en\">California responds👇🏼 \u003ca href=\"https://t.co/8HCXoGXc87\">pic.twitter.com/8HCXoGXc87\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>— Jerry Brown (@JerryBrownGov) \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/JerryBrownGov/status/984149390901178368?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\">April 11, 2018\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The White House also praised Brown's decision without addressing his comments on immigration enforcement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're also glad to see California Gov. Jerry Brown work with the administration and send members of the National Guard to help secure the southern border,\" White House Press Secretary Sarah Huckabee Sanders said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reaction in California was limited, with few of Brown's allies or opponents weighing in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Sen. Kevin de Leon, a Democratic U.S. Senate candidate and author of California's so-called sanctuary state law, said Guard deployment was unnecessary and not a good use of resources. But he said more can be done to combat border crime and that he appreciated Brown's design of \"a clear and limited mission focused on real public safety threats.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I am confident Governor Brown will not use our National Guard to harass or tear apart immigrant families in California,\" he said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rob Stutzman, who advised former Republican Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger, praised the decision on Twitter, calling Brown's decision to accept money for using the Guard to fight drugs and human trafficking \"good government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigration advocacy groups were critical, saying Brown's support was a boost for Trump's agenda. Lillian Serrano, chair of the San Diego Immigrant Rights Consortium, acknowledged the governor's proposed limits on the Guard's role but said his decision reflected \"flawed logic that we need more boots on the ground.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pedro Rios, director for the American Friends Service Committee's U.S.-Mexico border program in San Diego, questioned why Brown would send troops while rejecting Trump's premise that they are needed to help stop illegal immigration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If he's in disagreement with Donald Trump about the justifications for having the National Guard on the border, then why would he accept it?\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Republican governors in other border states, Brown disagreed with Trump's portrayal of a border spiraling out of control, noting that Border Patrol arrests fell to the lowest level last year since 1971 and that California accounted for only 15 percent of the agency's arrests on the Mexican border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here are the facts: there is no massive wave of migrants pouring into California,\" Brown wrote the Trump Cabinet members.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In contrast, Texas Republican Gov. Greg Abbott, who is contributing 1,000 troops, embraced Trump's mission the day it was announced, saying it would promote the rule of law and \"help ensure we are doing everything we can to stem the flow of illegal immigration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown said California's troops would join an existing program to combat transnational drug crime, firearms smuggling and human trafficking. About 250 California National Guard troops are already participating, including 55 at the border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new contingent of California Guard members being deployed could be posted at the border, the coast and elsewhere statewide, Brown said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California deployed troops to the border under former Presidents George W. Bush in 2006 and Barack Obama in 2010.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Political-Breakdown-2024-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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