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"content": "\u003cp>Chevron has agreed to pay $200,000 in a settlement over a pipeline rupture at its Richmond refinery that led to \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11859660/chevron-richmond-refinery-spill-as-crews-mop-up-investigators-move-in\">the release of hundreds of gallons of diesel fuel\u003c/a> into the San Francisco Bay in February 2021.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decision comes months after California Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW) investigators forwarded their findings on the spill to the Contra Costa County District Attorney’s Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Corporations must be held strictly liable for any discharges of diesel into San Francisco Bay,” Contra Costa County District Attorney Diana Becton said in a statement released Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chevron will pay $70,000 in civil penalties that will go toward wildlife funds, and $130,000 to reimburse CDFW’s Office of Spill Prevention and Response, according to court documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In October 2021, the Contra Costa Hazardous Materials Programs department posted a \u003ca href=\"https://cchealth.org/hazmat/pdf/chevron-incident-2021-0209-30day-followup-2021-1027.pdf\">three-page report (PDF)\u003c/a> by the oil company, which said its inspections failed to detect the corrosion on the pipeline that led to the release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"chevron\"]According to that report, a small hole in the pipeline on the refinery’s Richmond Long Wharf allowed close to 800 gallons of diesel fuel mixed with water to spill and spread for several miles along the Richmond shoreline. The release led to the closure of Keller Beach at the Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the report, Chevron also said it learned of the spill after a member of the public told a company employee about the fuel in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cement-lined steel pipe that ruptured was used to carry ballast water or refined fuel between tankers docked at the wharf and the refinery complex. The company said the pipe failed due to internal corrosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has agreed to a series of measures aimed at preventing a similar release. They include a “more comprehensive pipeline inspection program, the piloting of a leak detection system, a detailed review of existing systems, and improved training of staff,” according to the county District Attorney's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are committed to applying what has been learned so that a similar event does not happen again,” Chevron said as part of a statement issued by company spokesperson Brian Hubinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some city officials, environmentalists and community members have said the spill is an example of Chevron failing to safely and responsibly run its refinery and have complained about the slow pace in which information has been revealed to the public about an incident that caused ecological damage to the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County has also hired AcuTech, a global consulting firm, to review Chevron’s root-cause analysis of the spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The District Attorney’s Office last filed charges against Chevron in August 2013 in connection with a major fire at the refinery the previous year — to which Chevron pleaded no contest and paid $2 million in fines and restitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of Friday's settlement comes a week after \u003ca href=\"https://chevroncorp.gcs-web.com/static-files/397bd430-54bc-435e-b926-c53b61886c19\">Chevron posted its second-highest quarterly profit in its history: $11.2 billion\u003c/a> in the three months ending September 30. The company's highest-ever quarterly profit, $11.6 billion, was recorded the previous quarter.\u003cbr>\n[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>According to that report, a small hole in the pipeline on the refinery’s Richmond Long Wharf allowed close to 800 gallons of diesel fuel mixed with water to spill and spread for several miles along the Richmond shoreline. The release led to the closure of Keller Beach at the Miller/Knox Regional Shoreline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the report, Chevron also said it learned of the spill after a member of the public told a company employee about the fuel in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cement-lined steel pipe that ruptured was used to carry ballast water or refined fuel between tankers docked at the wharf and the refinery complex. The company said the pipe failed due to internal corrosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company has agreed to a series of measures aimed at preventing a similar release. They include a “more comprehensive pipeline inspection program, the piloting of a leak detection system, a detailed review of existing systems, and improved training of staff,” according to the county District Attorney's Office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are committed to applying what has been learned so that a similar event does not happen again,” Chevron said as part of a statement issued by company spokesperson Brian Hubinger.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some city officials, environmentalists and community members have said the spill is an example of Chevron failing to safely and responsibly run its refinery and have complained about the slow pace in which information has been revealed to the public about an incident that caused ecological damage to the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Contra Costa County has also hired AcuTech, a global consulting firm, to review Chevron’s root-cause analysis of the spill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The District Attorney’s Office last filed charges against Chevron in August 2013 in connection with a major fire at the refinery the previous year — to which Chevron pleaded no contest and paid $2 million in fines and restitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News of Friday's settlement comes a week after \u003ca href=\"https://chevroncorp.gcs-web.com/static-files/397bd430-54bc-435e-b926-c53b61886c19\">Chevron posted its second-highest quarterly profit in its history: $11.2 billion\u003c/a> in the three months ending September 30. The company's highest-ever quarterly profit, $11.6 billion, was recorded the previous quarter.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Nov. 2, 2022: This story was originally published Jan. 24, 2022. Since then, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB54\">a version of Senate Bill 54\u003c/a>, covered in this article, was signed into law in June. The new law requires most single-use plastic packaging and foodware be reusable, compostable, refillable or recyclable by 2032 — with definitions for what is “recyclable” to be set by state agency CalRecycle. Plastic producers will also be required to pay into a plastic pollution mitigation fund. Because of the passage of SB 54, proponents of a voter initiative addressing very similar goals removed their measure from the November 2022 ballot.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Article:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California dumps more than 12,000 tons of plastic into landfills every day — enough to fill 219 Olympic-size swimming pools, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/Publications/Details/1666\">CalRecycle\u003c/a>, the state’s recycling and waste management agency. The state boasts one of the highest recycling rates in the country, especially of cans and bottles, but despite decades of investment in infrastructure and machinery, the system remains overwhelmed by plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A trip to a recycling processing center helps explain why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside one of Republic Services’ massive facilities in Milpitas, an impressive array of high-tech machines sort through tons of material from residents’ recycling bins, separating metal from plastic from paper. Some of the machines use magnets, eddy currents or puffs of air blown through hundreds of nozzles to sort the materials; others identify different kinds of plastic with optical scanners. Whizzing conveyor belts ferry it all from one machine to the next, until the recyclables are sorted, baled, and eventually shipped and sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Not all plastic is created equal\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of plastic recycling’s success stories is HDPE, or high-density polyethylene, the translucent plastic commonly used in milk jugs, shampoo bottles and cutting boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In today’s marketplace, this is the most valuable commodity that we produce at this location,” said Pete Keller, the company’s vice president of sustainability. “These materials are non-pigmented, so any downstream consumer of this material could turn it into any color they want to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HDPE is currently fetching a price of $1 per pound, or over $2,000 per ton, according to Keller. “I wish we had more of it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That price is partially driven by demand resulting from so-called sustainability commitments major manufacturers have made to use recycled plastic. Naked Juice, for instance, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nakedjuice.com/goodness-outside/\">makes its juice bottles\u003c/a> from 100% post-consumer recycled plastic, while Danone has \u003ca href=\"https://www.danone.com/impact/planet/packaging-positive-circular-economy.html\">pledged\u003c/a> to make all of its evian water bottles from 100% recycled plastic by 2025.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://youtu.be/-bTCCB6wbks\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a push to boost demand for plastic that is recycled, like HDPE, California lawmakers in 2020 passed a “minimum recycled content” bill. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB793\">Assembly Bill 793\u003c/a>, which went into effect on Jan. 1, mandates that most plastic beverage bottles contain a minimum amount of recycled content. Specifically, all plastic bottles that can be redeemed for $0.05 or $0.10 must contain no less than:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>15% recycled plastic starting Jan. 1, 2022\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>25% recycled plastic starting Jan. 1, 2025\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>50% recycled plastic starting Jan. 1, 2030\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The law, one of the first of its kind in the nation, is targeted at bottle manufacturers, most of whom still use new plastic — or “virgin resin” — which is typically cheaper than recycled plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901454\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11901454 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52999_IMG_5331_v2-qut-800x450.jpeg\" alt=\"Workers in green safety jackets and helmets sort trash along a conveyor belt. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52999_IMG_5331_v2-qut-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52999_IMG_5331_v2-qut-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52999_IMG_5331_v2-qut-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52999_IMG_5331_v2-qut-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52999_IMG_5331_v2-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers at Recology’s San Francisco recycling facility pick out plastic that can’t be recycled, including plastic bags, on July 16, 2021. \u003ccite>(Monica Lam/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition to HDPE, PET plastic, or polyethylene terephthalate, can be recycled into clamshells — the clear boxes that strawberries are often packed in — or spun into polyester for clothing. Some denser plastics can also be recycled into pipes, plastic lumber, carpets or buckets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But current recycling markets only accept a fraction of the plastic that’s marked with the three-arrow recycling symbol. Until a few years ago, this problem was largely concealed because the U.S. shipped most of its plastic waste to China, where it was ostensibly being recycled. But in 2018, citing its own environmental concerns, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20741-9#:~:text=In%202017%2C%20China%20announced%20an,are%20enormous%20but%20yet%20unexamined\">China began banning imports of most solid materials\u003c/a>, including most plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s forcing domestic recyclers to confront the real challenges of recycling plastic. For one, plastic comes in a myriad of chemical formulations, densities, transparencies and colors. Many products are made of mixed materials: a bottle of hand soap, for example, might contain four different kinds of plastic, plus a metal spring nestled inside the pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if there were markets for all these different kinds of plastic, sorting and separating them would be a gargantuan task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just so many types of plastic. We can’t recycle them all. We can’t manage them all,” said Robert Reed, public relations manager for Recology, which handles San Francisco’s waste and recycling. “You can’t recycle your way out of the larger plastic problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So most plastic — in fact, almost all of it — ends up in landfills: plastic forks and knives, coffee cups and takeout boxes, used cosmetics, styrofoam trays, and most kinds of plastic bags, from shopping bags to those used for frozen peas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901455\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11901455 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS53000_IMG_5387_edit_v3-qut-800x532.jpeg\" alt=\"Three men talk underneath an open-air canopy in a parking lot. \" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS53000_IMG_5387_edit_v3-qut-800x532.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS53000_IMG_5387_edit_v3-qut-1020x678.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS53000_IMG_5387_edit_v3-qut-160x106.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS53000_IMG_5387_edit_v3-qut-1536x1021.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS53000_IMG_5387_edit_v3-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Assemblymember Phil Ting visits a prototype for a mobile recycling program that aims to bring recycling collection trucks to various San Francisco neighborhoods, on July 16, 2021. \u003ccite>(Monica Lam/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Legislative efforts bogged down\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Democratic Assemblymember Phil Ting, who introduced AB 793, has tried to expand the law’s reach by proposing a similar bill requiring the recycling of \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB478\">thermoform plastic\u003c/a>, a group of plastics formed using heat. That legislation, however, got bogged down last year over concerns that infrastructure wasn’t yet in place to accommodate an additional plastic recycling mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, many of the more ambitious plastic recycling-related bills floated last year didn’t survive, including \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1371\">AB 1371\u003c/a>, introduced by state Assemblymember Laura Friedman, D-Burbank, which would have banned the use of plastic packaging for online purchases. The bill failed to receive the 41 votes necessary to make it out of the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Globally, the e-commerce industry uses nearly 2.1 billion, with a ‘B,’ pounds of plastic packaging. … With almost a third of the world’s population now buying online, the amount of plastic packaging generated is estimated to double by 2025,” Friedman told the Assembly Natural Resources Committee last April. “This is low-hanging fruit, members, and something that is really, really a scourge.”[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jennifer Fearing, president, Fearless Advocacy\"]‘I can’t tell you and point to a particular member of the Legislature who’s been ‘bought,’ but I can tell you, we are deeply outgunned on the environmental front.’[/pullquote]“Even with our super-duper Democratic majority and consistently two-thirds of Californians saying this is a huge problem that needs to get addressed, we have really struggled to get enough votes,” said Jennifer Fearing, an environmental lobbyist who helped promote AB 1371.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, state Sen. Ben Allen, D-Santa Monica, last year shelved \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB54\">SB 54\u003c/a>, his bill to ban all single-use plastic products that aren’t recyclable or compostable — opting to buy more time to work out details with various stakeholders, in the face of formidable industry opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Deeply outgunned’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The list of trade groups that weighed in against the bill underscores the depth of plastic’s reach within multiple industries. During an early hearing on SB 54, associations representing farming and agriculture, pet food, personal care, household products and restaurants voiced their opposition — in addition to the Plastics Industry Association, the American Institute for Packaging and the Environment, and the Flexible Packaging Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t tell you and point to a particular member of the Legislature who’s been ‘bought,’” said Fearing. “But I can tell you, we are deeply outgunned on the environmental front.”[aside postID=news_11898724,news_11883400,lowdown_29456 label=\"Related Stories\"]More incremental efforts to reduce plastic waste, however, have proved fruitful, including a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB343\">“Truth in Labeling” bill\u003c/a>, approved by lawmakers last year, which prohibits manufacturers from calling their products recyclable or using recycling symbols or other suggestions of recyclability unless they meet CalRecycle’s criteria. The agency has until Jan. 1, 2024, to formalize a list of products it deems recyclable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Shestek, the American Chemistry Council’s senior director of state affairs, said his organization opposed SB 54 and several other bills last year because they failed to recognize why so many businesses use plastic over other materials in the first place: its durability and value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does it go too far? Does it provide opportunities for the business community to comply in a reasonable fashion?” Shestek said. “In our view, it didn’t take into account some of the other trade-offs that we like to discuss: lightweighting, fuel efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions associated with potential alternatives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Shestek acknowledged that more can be done to cut down on plastic waste. His group, for example, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanchemistry.com/chemistry-in-america/chemistry-sustainability/circularity\">set goals\u003c/a> for its members to produce 100% recyclable plastic packaging containing at least 30% recycled plastic by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our focus is trying to get that circular loop completely closed and to be part of the solution,” he said. “I think we recognize that we have a role to play.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901452\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11901452 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52997_DSC_1513_edit-qut-800x450.jpeg\" alt=\"Two women standing near the bay pour water samples.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52997_DSC_1513_edit-qut-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52997_DSC_1513_edit-qut-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52997_DSC_1513_edit-qut-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52997_DSC_1513_edit-qut-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52997_DSC_1513_edit-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rebecca Sutton, left, and Alicia Gilbreath of the San Francisco Estuary Institute strain water collected from the San Francisco Bay through two sieves to sample for microplastics. \u003ccite>(Monica Lam/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Microplastics and human health\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Since plastic was first invented in the mid-1800s, worldwide production has grown to an estimated 400 million tons annually. In the U.S., \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/plastics-material-specific-data\">less than 9%\u003c/a> of plastic gets recycled, according to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates. Meanwhile, the production of plastic, which is made from petroleum and natural gas, is projected to increase as the fossil-fuel industry faces competition from alternative energy sources. Dozens of plastic plants are currently being built or planned, most of them on the Gulf Coast and in the Ohio River Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a fair bit of attention has been paid to the impact of plastic pollution on marine animals, who often ingest it, research on human health has only recently started to ramp up. In 2018, California legislators directed the State Water Resources Control Board to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1422\">start studying levels of microplastics\u003c/a> — plastic particles smaller than 5 millimeters — detected in municipal drinking water supplies. Some microplastics, like those used in adhesives or paints, are manufactured at a small size, while some are generated when larger pieces of plastic degrade over time. [pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Scott Coffin, senior scientist, California State Water Resources Control Board\"]‘I think a better question would be, where have microplastics not been found? We’ve found them from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench. … I’m not sure that there exists a place that is not impacted by plastic pollution.’[/pullquote]“One of the reasons that plastic in drinking water has received recent attention, especially by California’s legislators, is that we know that the amount is increasing,” said Scott Coffin, a senior scientist with the state water board. “Additionally, plastic never goes away. So these two factors, they necessitate some concern.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coffin’s team is tasked with eventually establishing safety thresholds for the level of microplastics in the state’s water supply. He estimates that there are more than \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.1c00976\">2,400 chemicals\u003c/a> commonly added to plastic that are potentially dangerous for human health, including known toxins like bisphenol A (commonly known as BPA), phthalates, and a class of flame retardants called \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/pbde.html\">PBDEs\u003c/a>, or polybrominated diphenyl ethers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can think of plastic as a carrier for other chemicals, and in many ways, it’s like a sponge,” Coffin said. “Once it’s in the environment, it can pick up all of the other pollutants that are already there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some microplastics are even small enough to enter into our cells, he noted. \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/7/921\">One German study\u003c/a> found microplastics in the placentas of pregnant women — on both the maternal and fetal side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The smaller the particle, the deeper it’s going to make it into our bodies, and the more likely it is to interact with our cells, causing toxicity,” Coffin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One major \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfei.org/projects/microplastics\">study \u003c/a>published in 2019 by the San Francisco Estuary Institute found microplastics throughout the San Francisco Bay — in the water, the mud, and both stormwater runoff and treated wastewater. The study’s authors concluded that the bay likely has higher levels of microplastic pollution than most major water bodies in the United States because it’s surrounded by dense, urban areas and has a relatively restricted water flow. The two most common particles found were fibers from clothing and bits from tires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found microplastics in just about every sample we collected,” said Rebecca Sutton, who led the three-year study. “This is pretty consistent with what you see all around the world. Pretty much everywhere you look for it, you are going to find microplastics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coffin echoed that sentiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a better question would be, where have microplastics not been found?” he said. “We’ve found them from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench. Every organism that we’ve ever looked at, we’ve found some levels, and at this point, I’m not sure that there exists a place that is not impacted by plastic pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The climate change impact\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>With that grim assessment in mind, the students in Jacqueline Omania’s fifth grade class at Oxford Elementary in Berkeley have set themselves an ambitious goal: to make so little trash over the course of the school year that the entire class’s garbage fits into a tiny little container about the size of a jam jar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The larger issue is that these youth are growing up in a climate crisis,” said Omania.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main type of trash that ends up in the class’s container is plastic, so for starters, every student brings a reusable cutlery kit to school to use while eating lunch. Inside the classroom, they use unpainted pencils so that the shavings can be composted. Birthday parties feature home-baked treats instead of anything that comes in a plastic wrapper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omania’s students were part of a successful campaign to pass a citywide ordinance in 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.org/2019/01/23/berkeley-says-good-riddance-mostly-to-disposable-plastic-foodware\">limiting single-use plastics in Berkeley restaurants\u003c/a>. Her students even showed city councilmembers the tiny container they were using as a garbage can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901451\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11901451 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52996_Copy-of-beach-cleanup-2_edit-qut-800x450.jpeg\" alt=\"Three young people stand on a rock pile. One hands an orange bucket to another.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52996_Copy-of-beach-cleanup-2_edit-qut-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52996_Copy-of-beach-cleanup-2_edit-qut-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52996_Copy-of-beach-cleanup-2_edit-qut-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52996_Copy-of-beach-cleanup-2_edit-qut-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52996_Copy-of-beach-cleanup-2_edit-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students Sam (left), Alina and Sasha pick up trash off the beach at the Berkeley Marina, Oct. 7, 2021. \u003ccite>(Rick Santangelo/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I believe the adults need to step up so we don’t make the environmental waste in the first place,” Oxford student Jae Marie Howard told a crowded council meeting on the night the ordinance was approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, Omania’s students helped successfully push the Berkeley Unified School District to include \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailycal.org/2021/11/04/berkeley-school-board-passes-65k-climate-literacy-resolution/\">climate literacy in the K-12 curriculum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Jacqueline Omania, teacher, Oxford Elementary\"]‘The larger issue is that these youth are growing up in a climate crisis.’[/pullquote]An increasing number of studies draw a connection between the production of plastic and climate change. One \u003ca href=\"https://www.beyondplastics.org/plastics-and-climate\">report\u003c/a> from a Vermont-based environmental group found that “as of 2020, the U.S. plastics industry is responsible for at least 232 million tons of CO2e [carbon dioxide equivalent] gas emissions per year. This amount is equivalent to the average emissions from 116 average-sized [500-megawatt] coal-fired power plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>New opportunities\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Entrepreneurs have been tapping into growing public awareness about plastic waste. Dispatch Goods, a San Francisco-based start-up, is partnering with local restaurants, like Zuni Cafe and Mixt, to provide reusable takeout containers made of stainless steel. Customers must pay extra for the service, which includes picking up the used containers from their homes, but many do it willingly because it alleviates “eco-guilt,” said company CEO Lindsey Hoell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s like an “avocado upcharge,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have data showing that we’re driving business to restaurants that are making that shift,” she added. “It’s not just a sustainability decision, but it’s a good business decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]At Fillgood’s small storefront in Berkeley, customers can refill their own containers with common household products like dish detergent and shampoo, while LimeLoop, another Bay Area-based start-up, makes reusable packaging for shipping — among the growing number of novel business ventures offering alternatives to plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fall, Californians will get to weigh in directly on just how much the state should regulate and limit plastic production and consumption. The \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Plastic_Waste_Reduction_Regulations_Initiative_(2022)\">California Plastic Waste Reduction Regulations Initiative\u003c/a>, which has qualified for the statewide ballot in November, would not only push through some of the efforts legislators failed to pass last year, but also levy a $0.01 fee — which critics call a tax — on all plastic packaging and disposable food service items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACC’s Shestek said the ballot measure is “flawed” and hopes instead to work directly with lawmakers “to hash something out that gets to the same objective, but in a fashion that isn’t so punitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Allen, the state lawmaker, sees the initiative as a good opportunity to advance his SB 54 legislation, banning single-use plastic products that aren’t recyclable or compostable. He’s confident, he said, the business community will work with him to avoid the costly political hurdle of winning a statewide vote. He’s already moved the bill out of the inactive file and back to the Senate floor to be considered during the 2022 legislative session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ballot measure polls very well. It’s very popular,” Allen said. “And while it’s true [that] industry could raise a lot of money and try to defeat it, I think there’s also going to be some serious money raised on the environmental side. It could really be a knock-down-drag-out fight at the end of the day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Crystal Consaul and Kat Shok contributed to this story. Want more? Check out our half-hour documentary on this topic, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bTCCB6wbks\">California’s Plastic Problem\u003c/a>. Are you a teacher? Here’s more about Jacqueline Omania’s \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/bennington.edu/plastic-free-planet/home?authuser=0\">curriculum\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Like much of the rest of the world, California uses and discards far more plastic than it has the capacity to recycle, with about 4.5 million tons ending up in landfills every year. But some state lawmakers and new business ventures are aiming to significantly reduce that amount of waste.",
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"title": "'You Can't Recycle Your Way Out': California's Plastic Problem and What We Can Do About It | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Updated Nov. 2, 2022: This story was originally published Jan. 24, 2022. Since then, \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billTextClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB54\">a version of Senate Bill 54\u003c/a>, covered in this article, was signed into law in June. The new law requires most single-use plastic packaging and foodware be reusable, compostable, refillable or recyclable by 2032 — with definitions for what is “recyclable” to be set by state agency CalRecycle. Plastic producers will also be required to pay into a plastic pollution mitigation fund. Because of the passage of SB 54, proponents of a voter initiative addressing very similar goals removed their measure from the November 2022 ballot.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Article:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California dumps more than 12,000 tons of plastic into landfills every day — enough to fill 219 Olympic-size swimming pools, according to \u003ca href=\"https://www2.calrecycle.ca.gov/Publications/Details/1666\">CalRecycle\u003c/a>, the state’s recycling and waste management agency. The state boasts one of the highest recycling rates in the country, especially of cans and bottles, but despite decades of investment in infrastructure and machinery, the system remains overwhelmed by plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A trip to a recycling processing center helps explain why.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inside one of Republic Services’ massive facilities in Milpitas, an impressive array of high-tech machines sort through tons of material from residents’ recycling bins, separating metal from plastic from paper. Some of the machines use magnets, eddy currents or puffs of air blown through hundreds of nozzles to sort the materials; others identify different kinds of plastic with optical scanners. Whizzing conveyor belts ferry it all from one machine to the next, until the recyclables are sorted, baled, and eventually shipped and sold.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Not all plastic is created equal\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>One of plastic recycling’s success stories is HDPE, or high-density polyethylene, the translucent plastic commonly used in milk jugs, shampoo bottles and cutting boards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In today’s marketplace, this is the most valuable commodity that we produce at this location,” said Pete Keller, the company’s vice president of sustainability. “These materials are non-pigmented, so any downstream consumer of this material could turn it into any color they want to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>HDPE is currently fetching a price of $1 per pound, or over $2,000 per ton, according to Keller. “I wish we had more of it,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That price is partially driven by demand resulting from so-called sustainability commitments major manufacturers have made to use recycled plastic. Naked Juice, for instance, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nakedjuice.com/goodness-outside/\">makes its juice bottles\u003c/a> from 100% post-consumer recycled plastic, while Danone has \u003ca href=\"https://www.danone.com/impact/planet/packaging-positive-circular-economy.html\">pledged\u003c/a> to make all of its evian water bottles from 100% recycled plastic by 2025.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/-bTCCB6wbks'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/-bTCCB6wbks'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>In a push to boost demand for plastic that is recycled, like HDPE, California lawmakers in 2020 passed a “minimum recycled content” bill. \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201920200AB793\">Assembly Bill 793\u003c/a>, which went into effect on Jan. 1, mandates that most plastic beverage bottles contain a minimum amount of recycled content. Specifically, all plastic bottles that can be redeemed for $0.05 or $0.10 must contain no less than:\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>15% recycled plastic starting Jan. 1, 2022\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>25% recycled plastic starting Jan. 1, 2025\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>50% recycled plastic starting Jan. 1, 2030\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>The law, one of the first of its kind in the nation, is targeted at bottle manufacturers, most of whom still use new plastic — or “virgin resin” — which is typically cheaper than recycled plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901454\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11901454 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52999_IMG_5331_v2-qut-800x450.jpeg\" alt=\"Workers in green safety jackets and helmets sort trash along a conveyor belt. \" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52999_IMG_5331_v2-qut-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52999_IMG_5331_v2-qut-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52999_IMG_5331_v2-qut-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52999_IMG_5331_v2-qut-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52999_IMG_5331_v2-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers at Recology’s San Francisco recycling facility pick out plastic that can’t be recycled, including plastic bags, on July 16, 2021. \u003ccite>(Monica Lam/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In addition to HDPE, PET plastic, or polyethylene terephthalate, can be recycled into clamshells — the clear boxes that strawberries are often packed in — or spun into polyester for clothing. Some denser plastics can also be recycled into pipes, plastic lumber, carpets or buckets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But current recycling markets only accept a fraction of the plastic that’s marked with the three-arrow recycling symbol. Until a few years ago, this problem was largely concealed because the U.S. shipped most of its plastic waste to China, where it was ostensibly being recycled. But in 2018, citing its own environmental concerns, \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-20741-9#:~:text=In%202017%2C%20China%20announced%20an,are%20enormous%20but%20yet%20unexamined\">China began banning imports of most solid materials\u003c/a>, including most plastics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s forcing domestic recyclers to confront the real challenges of recycling plastic. For one, plastic comes in a myriad of chemical formulations, densities, transparencies and colors. Many products are made of mixed materials: a bottle of hand soap, for example, might contain four different kinds of plastic, plus a metal spring nestled inside the pump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if there were markets for all these different kinds of plastic, sorting and separating them would be a gargantuan task.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s just so many types of plastic. We can’t recycle them all. We can’t manage them all,” said Robert Reed, public relations manager for Recology, which handles San Francisco’s waste and recycling. “You can’t recycle your way out of the larger plastic problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So most plastic — in fact, almost all of it — ends up in landfills: plastic forks and knives, coffee cups and takeout boxes, used cosmetics, styrofoam trays, and most kinds of plastic bags, from shopping bags to those used for frozen peas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901455\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11901455 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS53000_IMG_5387_edit_v3-qut-800x532.jpeg\" alt=\"Three men talk underneath an open-air canopy in a parking lot. \" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS53000_IMG_5387_edit_v3-qut-800x532.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS53000_IMG_5387_edit_v3-qut-1020x678.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS53000_IMG_5387_edit_v3-qut-160x106.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS53000_IMG_5387_edit_v3-qut-1536x1021.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS53000_IMG_5387_edit_v3-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">State Assemblymember Phil Ting visits a prototype for a mobile recycling program that aims to bring recycling collection trucks to various San Francisco neighborhoods, on July 16, 2021. \u003ccite>(Monica Lam/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Legislative efforts bogged down\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Democratic Assemblymember Phil Ting, who introduced AB 793, has tried to expand the law’s reach by proposing a similar bill requiring the recycling of \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB478\">thermoform plastic\u003c/a>, a group of plastics formed using heat. That legislation, however, got bogged down last year over concerns that infrastructure wasn’t yet in place to accommodate an additional plastic recycling mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, many of the more ambitious plastic recycling-related bills floated last year didn’t survive, including \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220AB1371\">AB 1371\u003c/a>, introduced by state Assemblymember Laura Friedman, D-Burbank, which would have banned the use of plastic packaging for online purchases. The bill failed to receive the 41 votes necessary to make it out of the Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Globally, the e-commerce industry uses nearly 2.1 billion, with a ‘B,’ pounds of plastic packaging. … With almost a third of the world’s population now buying online, the amount of plastic packaging generated is estimated to double by 2025,” Friedman told the Assembly Natural Resources Committee last April. “This is low-hanging fruit, members, and something that is really, really a scourge.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I can’t tell you and point to a particular member of the Legislature who’s been ‘bought,’ but I can tell you, we are deeply outgunned on the environmental front.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Even with our super-duper Democratic majority and consistently two-thirds of Californians saying this is a huge problem that needs to get addressed, we have really struggled to get enough votes,” said Jennifer Fearing, an environmental lobbyist who helped promote AB 1371.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, state Sen. Ben Allen, D-Santa Monica, last year shelved \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB54\">SB 54\u003c/a>, his bill to ban all single-use plastic products that aren’t recyclable or compostable — opting to buy more time to work out details with various stakeholders, in the face of formidable industry opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>‘Deeply outgunned’\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The list of trade groups that weighed in against the bill underscores the depth of plastic’s reach within multiple industries. During an early hearing on SB 54, associations representing farming and agriculture, pet food, personal care, household products and restaurants voiced their opposition — in addition to the Plastics Industry Association, the American Institute for Packaging and the Environment, and the Flexible Packaging Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t tell you and point to a particular member of the Legislature who’s been ‘bought,’” said Fearing. “But I can tell you, we are deeply outgunned on the environmental front.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>More incremental efforts to reduce plastic waste, however, have proved fruitful, including a \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=202120220SB343\">“Truth in Labeling” bill\u003c/a>, approved by lawmakers last year, which prohibits manufacturers from calling their products recyclable or using recycling symbols or other suggestions of recyclability unless they meet CalRecycle’s criteria. The agency has until Jan. 1, 2024, to formalize a list of products it deems recyclable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Shestek, the American Chemistry Council’s senior director of state affairs, said his organization opposed SB 54 and several other bills last year because they failed to recognize why so many businesses use plastic over other materials in the first place: its durability and value.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Does it go too far? Does it provide opportunities for the business community to comply in a reasonable fashion?” Shestek said. “In our view, it didn’t take into account some of the other trade-offs that we like to discuss: lightweighting, fuel efficiency, greenhouse gas emissions associated with potential alternatives.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Shestek acknowledged that more can be done to cut down on plastic waste. His group, for example, has \u003ca href=\"https://www.americanchemistry.com/chemistry-in-america/chemistry-sustainability/circularity\">set goals\u003c/a> for its members to produce 100% recyclable plastic packaging containing at least 30% recycled plastic by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our focus is trying to get that circular loop completely closed and to be part of the solution,” he said. “I think we recognize that we have a role to play.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901452\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11901452 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52997_DSC_1513_edit-qut-800x450.jpeg\" alt=\"Two women standing near the bay pour water samples.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52997_DSC_1513_edit-qut-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52997_DSC_1513_edit-qut-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52997_DSC_1513_edit-qut-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52997_DSC_1513_edit-qut-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52997_DSC_1513_edit-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rebecca Sutton, left, and Alicia Gilbreath of the San Francisco Estuary Institute strain water collected from the San Francisco Bay through two sieves to sample for microplastics. \u003ccite>(Monica Lam/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch3>Microplastics and human health\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Since plastic was first invented in the mid-1800s, worldwide production has grown to an estimated 400 million tons annually. In the U.S., \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling/plastics-material-specific-data\">less than 9%\u003c/a> of plastic gets recycled, according to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency estimates. Meanwhile, the production of plastic, which is made from petroleum and natural gas, is projected to increase as the fossil-fuel industry faces competition from alternative energy sources. Dozens of plastic plants are currently being built or planned, most of them on the Gulf Coast and in the Ohio River Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While a fair bit of attention has been paid to the impact of plastic pollution on marine animals, who often ingest it, research on human health has only recently started to ramp up. In 2018, California legislators directed the State Water Resources Control Board to \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180SB1422\">start studying levels of microplastics\u003c/a> — plastic particles smaller than 5 millimeters — detected in municipal drinking water supplies. Some microplastics, like those used in adhesives or paints, are manufactured at a small size, while some are generated when larger pieces of plastic degrade over time. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "‘I think a better question would be, where have microplastics not been found? We’ve found them from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench. … I’m not sure that there exists a place that is not impacted by plastic pollution.’",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“One of the reasons that plastic in drinking water has received recent attention, especially by California’s legislators, is that we know that the amount is increasing,” said Scott Coffin, a senior scientist with the state water board. “Additionally, plastic never goes away. So these two factors, they necessitate some concern.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coffin’s team is tasked with eventually establishing safety thresholds for the level of microplastics in the state’s water supply. He estimates that there are more than \u003ca href=\"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.1c00976\">2,400 chemicals\u003c/a> commonly added to plastic that are potentially dangerous for human health, including known toxins like bisphenol A (commonly known as BPA), phthalates, and a class of flame retardants called \u003ca href=\"https://oceanservice.noaa.gov/facts/pbde.html\">PBDEs\u003c/a>, or polybrominated diphenyl ethers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can think of plastic as a carrier for other chemicals, and in many ways, it’s like a sponge,” Coffin said. “Once it’s in the environment, it can pick up all of the other pollutants that are already there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some microplastics are even small enough to enter into our cells, he noted. \u003ca href=\"https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/13/7/921\">One German study\u003c/a> found microplastics in the placentas of pregnant women — on both the maternal and fetal side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The smaller the particle, the deeper it’s going to make it into our bodies, and the more likely it is to interact with our cells, causing toxicity,” Coffin said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One major \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfei.org/projects/microplastics\">study \u003c/a>published in 2019 by the San Francisco Estuary Institute found microplastics throughout the San Francisco Bay — in the water, the mud, and both stormwater runoff and treated wastewater. The study’s authors concluded that the bay likely has higher levels of microplastic pollution than most major water bodies in the United States because it’s surrounded by dense, urban areas and has a relatively restricted water flow. The two most common particles found were fibers from clothing and bits from tires.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We found microplastics in just about every sample we collected,” said Rebecca Sutton, who led the three-year study. “This is pretty consistent with what you see all around the world. Pretty much everywhere you look for it, you are going to find microplastics.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coffin echoed that sentiment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think a better question would be, where have microplastics not been found?” he said. “We’ve found them from Mount Everest to the Mariana Trench. Every organism that we’ve ever looked at, we’ve found some levels, and at this point, I’m not sure that there exists a place that is not impacted by plastic pollution.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The climate change impact\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>With that grim assessment in mind, the students in Jacqueline Omania’s fifth grade class at Oxford Elementary in Berkeley have set themselves an ambitious goal: to make so little trash over the course of the school year that the entire class’s garbage fits into a tiny little container about the size of a jam jar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The larger issue is that these youth are growing up in a climate crisis,” said Omania.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main type of trash that ends up in the class’s container is plastic, so for starters, every student brings a reusable cutlery kit to school to use while eating lunch. Inside the classroom, they use unpainted pencils so that the shavings can be composted. Birthday parties feature home-baked treats instead of anything that comes in a plastic wrapper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Omania’s students were part of a successful campaign to pass a citywide ordinance in 2019 \u003ca href=\"https://www.berkeleyside.org/2019/01/23/berkeley-says-good-riddance-mostly-to-disposable-plastic-foodware\">limiting single-use plastics in Berkeley restaurants\u003c/a>. Her students even showed city councilmembers the tiny container they were using as a garbage can.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11901451\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11901451 size-medium\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52996_Copy-of-beach-cleanup-2_edit-qut-800x450.jpeg\" alt=\"Three young people stand on a rock pile. One hands an orange bucket to another.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52996_Copy-of-beach-cleanup-2_edit-qut-800x450.jpeg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52996_Copy-of-beach-cleanup-2_edit-qut-1020x574.jpeg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52996_Copy-of-beach-cleanup-2_edit-qut-160x90.jpeg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52996_Copy-of-beach-cleanup-2_edit-qut-1536x864.jpeg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/01/RS52996_Copy-of-beach-cleanup-2_edit-qut.jpeg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students Sam (left), Alina and Sasha pick up trash off the beach at the Berkeley Marina, Oct. 7, 2021. \u003ccite>(Rick Santangelo/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I believe the adults need to step up so we don’t make the environmental waste in the first place,” Oxford student Jae Marie Howard told a crowded council meeting on the night the ordinance was approved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More recently, Omania’s students helped successfully push the Berkeley Unified School District to include \u003ca href=\"https://www.dailycal.org/2021/11/04/berkeley-school-board-passes-65k-climate-literacy-resolution/\">climate literacy in the K-12 curriculum\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>An increasing number of studies draw a connection between the production of plastic and climate change. One \u003ca href=\"https://www.beyondplastics.org/plastics-and-climate\">report\u003c/a> from a Vermont-based environmental group found that “as of 2020, the U.S. plastics industry is responsible for at least 232 million tons of CO2e [carbon dioxide equivalent] gas emissions per year. This amount is equivalent to the average emissions from 116 average-sized [500-megawatt] coal-fired power plants.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>New opportunities\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Entrepreneurs have been tapping into growing public awareness about plastic waste. Dispatch Goods, a San Francisco-based start-up, is partnering with local restaurants, like Zuni Cafe and Mixt, to provide reusable takeout containers made of stainless steel. Customers must pay extra for the service, which includes picking up the used containers from their homes, but many do it willingly because it alleviates “eco-guilt,” said company CEO Lindsey Hoell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s like an “avocado upcharge,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have data showing that we’re driving business to restaurants that are making that shift,” she added. “It’s not just a sustainability decision, but it’s a good business decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>At Fillgood’s small storefront in Berkeley, customers can refill their own containers with common household products like dish detergent and shampoo, while LimeLoop, another Bay Area-based start-up, makes reusable packaging for shipping — among the growing number of novel business ventures offering alternatives to plastic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This fall, Californians will get to weigh in directly on just how much the state should regulate and limit plastic production and consumption. The \u003ca href=\"https://ballotpedia.org/California_Plastic_Waste_Reduction_Regulations_Initiative_(2022)\">California Plastic Waste Reduction Regulations Initiative\u003c/a>, which has qualified for the statewide ballot in November, would not only push through some of the efforts legislators failed to pass last year, but also levy a $0.01 fee — which critics call a tax — on all plastic packaging and disposable food service items.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ACC’s Shestek said the ballot measure is “flawed” and hopes instead to work directly with lawmakers “to hash something out that gets to the same objective, but in a fashion that isn’t so punitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Allen, the state lawmaker, sees the initiative as a good opportunity to advance his SB 54 legislation, banning single-use plastic products that aren’t recyclable or compostable. He’s confident, he said, the business community will work with him to avoid the costly political hurdle of winning a statewide vote. He’s already moved the bill out of the inactive file and back to the Senate floor to be considered during the 2022 legislative session.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The ballot measure polls very well. It’s very popular,” Allen said. “And while it’s true [that] industry could raise a lot of money and try to defeat it, I think there’s also going to be some serious money raised on the environmental side. It could really be a knock-down-drag-out fight at the end of the day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Crystal Consaul and Kat Shok contributed to this story. Want more? Check out our half-hour documentary on this topic, \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-bTCCB6wbks\">California’s Plastic Problem\u003c/a>. Are you a teacher? Here’s more about Jacqueline Omania’s \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/bennington.edu/plastic-free-planet/home?authuser=0\">curriculum\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Environmentalists and trucking industry groups sparred\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>with clean air regulators today over a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/barcu/regact/2022/acf22/isor2.pdf\">contentious proposal (PDF)\u003c/a> to phase out California’s big rigs and other trucks with internal combustion engines, and force manufacturers to speed mass-production of electric trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board held its first public hearing on rules that would ban manufacturers from selling any new fossil-fueled medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks by 2040. The new rules would also require large trucking companies to convert their fleets to electric models, buying more over time until all are zero-emission by 2042. The move is part of the state’s wider strategy to end its reliance on fossil fuels and cut planet-warming emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is leading the transition to wide-scale electrification of trucks and buses,” said board chair Liane Randolph. “These actions can show the world how to simultaneously address the climate crisis, improve air quality and alleviate key concerns identified by communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed regulation received fiery criticism from both sides, as 167 members of the public lined up to speak at today’s hearing — which started at 9 a.m. and lasted well into the night.[aside label='Related Articles' tag='zero-emission']Environmentalists and public health groups called for a tougher rule that would speed up the 100% electric truck sales requirement to 2036 instead of 2040, while trucking companies said the proposal ignores concerns about electric vehicle costs and technology, lack of infrastructure and the loss of good-paying jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air Resources Board is expected to hold a second hearing on the proposal and vote in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Cox, a truck driver of 24 years and owner of the Madera-based trucking company Best Drayage, worries the rule could drive many family-owned fleet operators out of business — especially those with certain types of trucks that the regulation would affect first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously we all want cleaner air, but this would be catastrophic to the industry,” he said. “We’re operating in an already challenging environment. To add something else that is this drastic would be very harmful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California often leads the country in passing stringent emission-reduction standards. The new rule would lead to a transformation of the trucking industry, affecting about 1.8 million trucks on state roads. It builds on other mandates to reduce emissions in the transportation sector, including the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/08/electric-cars-california-to-phase-out-gas-cars/\">gas-powered car ban\u003c/a> adopted earlier this year and the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/advanced-clean-trucks\">clean trucks regulation\u003c/a> passed in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But environmental groups often say that while the air board’s regulations on the transportation industry are well-intentioned, they don’t go far enough to reduce the production or use of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrea Vidaurre, policy analyst at The People’s Collective for Environmental Justice, said the effects of toxic diesel emissions from big rigs and other heavy-duty trucks in heavily polluted communities underscores the need for California to accelerate the transition. Diesel exhaust can \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/overview-diesel-exhaust-and-health\">lead to several health problems\u003c/a>, including asthma and other respiratory illnesses, and increase the risk of hospitalization and premature death, according to air board staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our communities who are majority immigrant and Black have to deal with higher levels of asthma, respiratory issues, cancers and literally shortened life because of the pollution caused by diesel trucks,” she told the board. “Please use this opportunity to transform this logistics system that historically has done so much harm. Its future doesn’t have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Please strengthen the rule.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/09/california-phase-out-diesel-trucks-zero-emission/\">gradual conversion of existing fleets\u003c/a> would apply only to federal agencies and “high-priority fleets,” which are owned or operated by companies with 50 or more trucks or $50 million or more in annual revenue. Also affected: trucks weighing 10,001 pounds or more and package delivery vehicles of 8,500 pounds or more, including U.S. Postal Service, FedEx, UPS and Amazon fleets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These companies and federal agencies could comply in one of two ways. They could choose to purchase only zero-emission trucks beginning in 2024 while retiring diesel trucks at the end of their useful life, or decide to phase in zero-emission trucks as an increasing percentage of their total fleet. The second option would require starting with 10% of delivery trucks and other types that are the easiest to electrify in 2025, then ramping up to 100% between 2035 and 2042.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Liane Randolph, chair, California Air Resources Board\"]‘California is leading the transition to wide-scale electrification of trucks and buses. These actions can show the world how to simultaneously address the climate crisis, improve air quality and alleviate key concerns identified by communities.’[/pullquote]The transition to electric trucks for many fleet operators would begin as early as 2024. These trucks have the strictest timeline since they are among the easiest to electrify, including delivery and drayage trucks, which transport cargo at railways and ports in Los Angeles and Long Beach. New models would need to be zero-emission in 2024, while diesel and gas drayage trucks must retire after 18 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drayage trucks are among the most suitable for electrification because they may not need a long range to transport cargo to and from their destinations, and may have more downtime for fueling, according to air board staff’s analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cox, of Best Dayage, said the rule fails to consider drayage companies with daily haul ranges of 200 to 400 miles that don’t just operate at ports or rail yards, such as those that transport goods within the Central Valley. Cox said the high upfront cost of electric trucks and lack of available models also worry drivers, who may not feel confident that the technology can improve before the mandate goes into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting the cart before the horse isn’t going to help matters by forcing the purchase of a vehicle that doesn’t exist today,” he said. “This is both impractical and impossible to comply with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Shimoda, senior vice president at the California Trucking Association, which represents truck drivers, said the heavy weight of electric truck batteries could force trucks to forgo around 8,000 pounds of their load capacity, increasing the need for more trucks and drivers to transport cargo at a time when the industry is already facing a worker shortage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Enough chargers and grid capacity?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just 1,943 zero-emission medium- and heavy-duty vehicles are on the state’s roads, and nearly all of them are buses. About 300 are zero-emission commercial trucks, and less than 90 are electric semi-trucks. The rule would add about 510,000 carbon-free medium- and heavy-duty vehicles to roads and highways in 2035, increasing to 1.2 million in 2045 and nearly 1.6 million in 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To meet that demand, Shimoda said the state would need to install as many as 800 chargers per week to power truck fleets, representing anywhere from 64 to 158 megawatts of new charging capacity, or enough to power 118,000 households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t even know that chargers are going to be in place in the next two years to have somewhere to plug in the trucks,” he added. “We can’t even lose time to charging if there’s nowhere to charge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some board members questioned whether the California Public Utilities Commission was prepared to build out the necessary infrastructure and power grid improvements under the proposed timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really a very large undertaking,” said board vice chair Sandra Berg. “I’m trying to understand where the grid problems are going to be and how they can be resolved. How much time do we really need here?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air board member Daniel Sperling, who is also director of the Institute of Transportation Studies at UC Davis, echoed many of the concerns raised by the trucking industry about installing charging stations and making rapid grid improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m having the same whiplash experience that so many fleets have been talking about — the challenges they’re having and getting hooked up to the infrastructure,” he said. “Why are we hearing from these fleets — some of them are saying that they’re not even being given a timeline for when the infrastructure will be in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yulia Shmidt, an analyst for the Public Advocates Office at the California Public Utilities Commission, assured the board that the agency was making significant investments in grid upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is certainly a concern that we are deeply thinking about and that is why we’re looking at the forecast to see where the new load may come from so that we can trigger upgrades in those areas if they’re needed,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many truck drivers at the hearing called the proposal unfair due to the high costs of purchasing an electric truck compared to that of a traditional diesel truck.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Jeff Cox, truck driver, Best Drayage\"]‘Obviously we all want cleaner air, but this would be catastrophic to the industry. We’re operating in an already challenging environment. To add something else that is this drastic would be very harmful.’[/pullquote]Air board staff estimate that truck drivers and companies would pay higher upfront vehicle prices now but expect those costs to go down as more models enter the market, eventually bringing the cost down to that of a conventional truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When comparing diesel and electric trucks in 2035, staff project that buying and operating an electric semi-truck over its life span, for example, could range between $765,000 and $1.1 million compared to a gas or diesel truck, which could cost between $919,000 and $1.2 million. These totals exclude state and federal subsidies that some companies could receive to help them pay for a truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staff also said lower maintenance and operational costs would save fleet operators money over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though trucks represent just 2 million of the 30 million registered vehicles in the state, they are the largest single source of air pollution from vehicles. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/california-takes-bold-step-reduce-truck-pollution\">Heavy-duty trucks spew 70% of the state’s smog-forming gases and 80% of carcinogenic diesel pollutants\u003c/a>, according to the air board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air board member and Democratic state Sen. Connie Leyva of Chino acknowledged the disproportionate air pollution toll many communities have faced and the state’s role in that inequity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is probably a little inappropriate, but my takeaway was that we do bad s— to poor people,” she said. “Most of what’s happening is happening in poor areas of the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sam Wilson, senior vehicles analyst with the Union of Concerned Scientists, a science advocacy organization, said the air board needs to tighten the rule to get more emission reductions from the most polluting trucks to avoid the damaging effects of diesel exhaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Speeding up rules for big trucks?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The proposal has different deadlines for phasing in new sales of electric models, varying based on the size and type of truck, until all are electric by 2042. In addition, the requirements for converting fleets would not apply to smaller companies that operate fewer than 50 trucks, unless they were using a larger company’s trucks. They could keep their trucks as long as they want under the proposal, although their new purchases would have to be zero-emission by 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson said the requirement for fleet operators who manage some of the largest and most polluting trucks — such as long-haulers, big rigs and semis — should be put on a faster electrification timeline, with a phase-in starting date in 2027 rather than 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11930567\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11930567\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1396887368-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1396887368-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1396887368-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1396887368-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1396887368-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1396887368-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1396887368-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1396887368-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Close-up of a hydrogen fuel cell truck driving on a road. According to the California Air Resources Board, heavy-duty fossil-fuel trucks spew 70% of the state’s smog-forming gases and 80% of carcinogenic diesel pollutants. \u003ccite>(Aranga87/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He also said the proposal threshold of 50 trucks should be lowered to 10 trucks for these fleet operators, given the outsized role large trucks have in emitting deadly soot pollution. A fleet of 10 tractor trucks emits about three times as much nitrogen oxide — a smog-forming pollutant — and about the same amount of fine particulate pollution as a fleet of 50 delivery vans, according to air board staff’s estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a difference in the amount of pollution that is emitted between a plumbing company that has 50 vans, for example, and a hauling company that has 50 tractor trucks,” he said. “In order to account for this, a fleet of tractor trucks should have a compliance threshold of 10 rather than 50 just to account for the extremely disproportionate impact that they have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Randolph, the board chair, said it would be “counterproductive” to pursue some actions that environmentalists were calling for, including reducing the fleet size or moving up timelines for some truck classifications, suggesting that it “might create more burden than is necessary” for the trucking industry. She did, however, support the idea of moving up the manufacturer production timeline, which many board members also agreed with. The board directed staff to assess that possibility and other changes to the rule to address charging, grid and vehicle availability challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We as a board should discuss the possibility of an earlier 100% sales to 2036 and really push manufacturers to step up and make these vehicles available,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-other-states-set-to-follow\">Other states set to follow?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A coalition of representatives from several states, including New York, Washington, Wisconsin and Connecticut, urged the board to adopt the rule and said they would move to implement it in their states, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The board’s approval of the advanced clean-fleet regulations will enable New York and other states to adopt those regulations to support the needed transition to zero-emission transportation and cleaner, healthier communities,” said Jared Snyder, deputy commissioner for air resources, climate change and energy at the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although California legislators have no direct say over whether the board adopts the rule, dozens of lawmakers weighed in on the proposal — and vastly disagreed about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/60e541a40b8cea368db30028/t/634f1ddfaa801124f1e2f949/1666129376617/FINAL+Advance+Clean+Fleet+Rule+Leg+Letter+Signed+-+10.17.22+Final.pdf\">letter to the air board (PDF)\u003c/a>, a group of state legislators, including Democratic Sens. Nancy Skinner of Berkeley and Josh Becker of Menlo Park, and Assemblymember Cristina Garcia of Bell Gardens, agreed with environmentalists. They note that these changes are achievable due to this year’s massive $54 billion climate investment, which includes \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/01/26/governor-newsom-outlines-historic-10-billion-zero-emission-vehicle-package-to-lead-the-worlds-transition-to-clean-energy-combat-climate-change/\">$10 billion in state funding to rapidly deploy electric vehicles and charging stations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The climate package allocates billions for electrifying medium- and heavy-duty trucks, including $1.1 billion for zero-emission trucks, buses, off-road equipment and fueling infrastructure and $400 million for charging stations at ports. Truck drivers and companies could receive additional benefits through the federal Inflation Reduction Act, which includes a 30% tax credit for zero-emission commercial vehicles and charging stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/lispub/comm/iframe_bccomdisp.php?listname=acf2022&comment_num=96&virt_num=85\">a separate statement\u003c/a>, some legislators including Democratic Assemblymembers Blanca Rubio of Baldwin Park, Carlos Villapudua of Stockton and Rudy Salas of Bakersfield — especially those from rural areas or with high concentrations of fleet operators in their districts — sided with the trucking industry, saying the proposal is too “aggressive” and places many financial burdens on fleet operators. They also said the plan fails to address many technical challenges, such as the toll electric trucks will have on the grid as power demand grows, and the fast-charging needs of heavy-duty rental vehicles like water and dump trucks that operate in remote locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside postID=news_11735237 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/02/RS53159_013_Richmond_ChevronRefinery_01132022-qut-1020x680.jpg']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label='Related Articles' tag='Main Topic']\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Environmentalists and trucking industry groups sparred\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>with clean air regulators today over a \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/sites/default/files/barcu/regact/2022/acf22/isor2.pdf\">contentious proposal (PDF)\u003c/a> to phase out California’s big rigs and other trucks with internal combustion engines, and force manufacturers to speed mass-production of electric trucks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board held its first public hearing on rules that would ban manufacturers from selling any new fossil-fueled medium-duty and heavy-duty trucks by 2040. The new rules would also require large trucking companies to convert their fleets to electric models, buying more over time until all are zero-emission by 2042. The move is part of the state’s wider strategy to end its reliance on fossil fuels and cut planet-warming emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California is leading the transition to wide-scale electrification of trucks and buses,” said board chair Liane Randolph. “These actions can show the world how to simultaneously address the climate crisis, improve air quality and alleviate key concerns identified by communities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposed regulation received fiery criticism from both sides, as 167 members of the public lined up to speak at today’s hearing — which started at 9 a.m. and lasted well into the night.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Environmentalists and public health groups called for a tougher rule that would speed up the 100% electric truck sales requirement to 2036 instead of 2040, while trucking companies said the proposal ignores concerns about electric vehicle costs and technology, lack of infrastructure and the loss of good-paying jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Air Resources Board is expected to hold a second hearing on the proposal and vote in the spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jeff Cox, a truck driver of 24 years and owner of the Madera-based trucking company Best Drayage, worries the rule could drive many family-owned fleet operators out of business — especially those with certain types of trucks that the regulation would affect first.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obviously we all want cleaner air, but this would be catastrophic to the industry,” he said. “We’re operating in an already challenging environment. To add something else that is this drastic would be very harmful.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California often leads the country in passing stringent emission-reduction standards. The new rule would lead to a transformation of the trucking industry, affecting about 1.8 million trucks on state roads. It builds on other mandates to reduce emissions in the transportation sector, including the \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/08/electric-cars-california-to-phase-out-gas-cars/\">gas-powered car ban\u003c/a> adopted earlier this year and the \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/our-work/programs/advanced-clean-trucks\">clean trucks regulation\u003c/a> passed in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But environmental groups often say that while the air board’s regulations on the transportation industry are well-intentioned, they don’t go far enough to reduce the production or use of fossil fuels.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Andrea Vidaurre, policy analyst at The People’s Collective for Environmental Justice, said the effects of toxic diesel emissions from big rigs and other heavy-duty trucks in heavily polluted communities underscores the need for California to accelerate the transition. Diesel exhaust can \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/resources/overview-diesel-exhaust-and-health\">lead to several health problems\u003c/a>, including asthma and other respiratory illnesses, and increase the risk of hospitalization and premature death, according to air board staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our communities who are majority immigrant and Black have to deal with higher levels of asthma, respiratory issues, cancers and literally shortened life because of the pollution caused by diesel trucks,” she told the board. “Please use this opportunity to transform this logistics system that historically has done so much harm. Its future doesn’t have to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Please strengthen the rule.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/09/california-phase-out-diesel-trucks-zero-emission/\">gradual conversion of existing fleets\u003c/a> would apply only to federal agencies and “high-priority fleets,” which are owned or operated by companies with 50 or more trucks or $50 million or more in annual revenue. Also affected: trucks weighing 10,001 pounds or more and package delivery vehicles of 8,500 pounds or more, including U.S. Postal Service, FedEx, UPS and Amazon fleets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These companies and federal agencies could comply in one of two ways. They could choose to purchase only zero-emission trucks beginning in 2024 while retiring diesel trucks at the end of their useful life, or decide to phase in zero-emission trucks as an increasing percentage of their total fleet. The second option would require starting with 10% of delivery trucks and other types that are the easiest to electrify in 2025, then ramping up to 100% between 2035 and 2042.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The transition to electric trucks for many fleet operators would begin as early as 2024. These trucks have the strictest timeline since they are among the easiest to electrify, including delivery and drayage trucks, which transport cargo at railways and ports in Los Angeles and Long Beach. New models would need to be zero-emission in 2024, while diesel and gas drayage trucks must retire after 18 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drayage trucks are among the most suitable for electrification because they may not need a long range to transport cargo to and from their destinations, and may have more downtime for fueling, according to air board staff’s analysis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Cox, of Best Dayage, said the rule fails to consider drayage companies with daily haul ranges of 200 to 400 miles that don’t just operate at ports or rail yards, such as those that transport goods within the Central Valley. Cox said the high upfront cost of electric trucks and lack of available models also worry drivers, who may not feel confident that the technology can improve before the mandate goes into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Getting the cart before the horse isn’t going to help matters by forcing the purchase of a vehicle that doesn’t exist today,” he said. “This is both impractical and impossible to comply with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chris Shimoda, senior vice president at the California Trucking Association, which represents truck drivers, said the heavy weight of electric truck batteries could force trucks to forgo around 8,000 pounds of their load capacity, increasing the need for more trucks and drivers to transport cargo at a time when the industry is already facing a worker shortage.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Enough chargers and grid capacity?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Just 1,943 zero-emission medium- and heavy-duty vehicles are on the state’s roads, and nearly all of them are buses. About 300 are zero-emission commercial trucks, and less than 90 are electric semi-trucks. The rule would add about 510,000 carbon-free medium- and heavy-duty vehicles to roads and highways in 2035, increasing to 1.2 million in 2045 and nearly 1.6 million in 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To meet that demand, Shimoda said the state would need to install as many as 800 chargers per week to power truck fleets, representing anywhere from 64 to 158 megawatts of new charging capacity, or enough to power 118,000 households.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t even know that chargers are going to be in place in the next two years to have somewhere to plug in the trucks,” he added. “We can’t even lose time to charging if there’s nowhere to charge.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some board members questioned whether the California Public Utilities Commission was prepared to build out the necessary infrastructure and power grid improvements under the proposed timeline.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is really a very large undertaking,” said board vice chair Sandra Berg. “I’m trying to understand where the grid problems are going to be and how they can be resolved. How much time do we really need here?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air board member Daniel Sperling, who is also director of the Institute of Transportation Studies at UC Davis, echoed many of the concerns raised by the trucking industry about installing charging stations and making rapid grid improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m having the same whiplash experience that so many fleets have been talking about — the challenges they’re having and getting hooked up to the infrastructure,” he said. “Why are we hearing from these fleets — some of them are saying that they’re not even being given a timeline for when the infrastructure will be in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yulia Shmidt, an analyst for the Public Advocates Office at the California Public Utilities Commission, assured the board that the agency was making significant investments in grid upgrades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That is certainly a concern that we are deeply thinking about and that is why we’re looking at the forecast to see where the new load may come from so that we can trigger upgrades in those areas if they’re needed,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many truck drivers at the hearing called the proposal unfair due to the high costs of purchasing an electric truck compared to that of a traditional diesel truck.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Air board staff estimate that truck drivers and companies would pay higher upfront vehicle prices now but expect those costs to go down as more models enter the market, eventually bringing the cost down to that of a conventional truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When comparing diesel and electric trucks in 2035, staff project that buying and operating an electric semi-truck over its life span, for example, could range between $765,000 and $1.1 million compared to a gas or diesel truck, which could cost between $919,000 and $1.2 million. These totals exclude state and federal subsidies that some companies could receive to help them pay for a truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Staff also said lower maintenance and operational costs would save fleet operators money over time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though trucks represent just 2 million of the 30 million registered vehicles in the state, they are the largest single source of air pollution from vehicles. \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.arb.ca.gov/news/california-takes-bold-step-reduce-truck-pollution\">Heavy-duty trucks spew 70% of the state’s smog-forming gases and 80% of carcinogenic diesel pollutants\u003c/a>, according to the air board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air board member and Democratic state Sen. Connie Leyva of Chino acknowledged the disproportionate air pollution toll many communities have faced and the state’s role in that inequity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is probably a little inappropriate, but my takeaway was that we do bad s— to poor people,” she said. “Most of what’s happening is happening in poor areas of the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sam Wilson, senior vehicles analyst with the Union of Concerned Scientists, a science advocacy organization, said the air board needs to tighten the rule to get more emission reductions from the most polluting trucks to avoid the damaging effects of diesel exhaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Speeding up rules for big trucks?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The proposal has different deadlines for phasing in new sales of electric models, varying based on the size and type of truck, until all are electric by 2042. In addition, the requirements for converting fleets would not apply to smaller companies that operate fewer than 50 trucks, unless they were using a larger company’s trucks. They could keep their trucks as long as they want under the proposal, although their new purchases would have to be zero-emission by 2040.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wilson said the requirement for fleet operators who manage some of the largest and most polluting trucks — such as long-haulers, big rigs and semis — should be put on a faster electrification timeline, with a phase-in starting date in 2027 rather than 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11930567\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 2560px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11930567\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1396887368-scaled.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2560\" height=\"1440\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1396887368-scaled.jpg 2560w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1396887368-800x450.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1396887368-1020x574.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1396887368-160x90.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1396887368-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1396887368-2048x1152.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/GettyImages-1396887368-1920x1080.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Close-up of a hydrogen fuel cell truck driving on a road. According to the California Air Resources Board, heavy-duty fossil-fuel trucks spew 70% of the state’s smog-forming gases and 80% of carcinogenic diesel pollutants. \u003ccite>(Aranga87/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He also said the proposal threshold of 50 trucks should be lowered to 10 trucks for these fleet operators, given the outsized role large trucks have in emitting deadly soot pollution. A fleet of 10 tractor trucks emits about three times as much nitrogen oxide — a smog-forming pollutant — and about the same amount of fine particulate pollution as a fleet of 50 delivery vans, according to air board staff’s estimates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s a difference in the amount of pollution that is emitted between a plumbing company that has 50 vans, for example, and a hauling company that has 50 tractor trucks,” he said. “In order to account for this, a fleet of tractor trucks should have a compliance threshold of 10 rather than 50 just to account for the extremely disproportionate impact that they have.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Randolph, the board chair, said it would be “counterproductive” to pursue some actions that environmentalists were calling for, including reducing the fleet size or moving up timelines for some truck classifications, suggesting that it “might create more burden than is necessary” for the trucking industry. She did, however, support the idea of moving up the manufacturer production timeline, which many board members also agreed with. The board directed staff to assess that possibility and other changes to the rule to address charging, grid and vehicle availability challenges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We as a board should discuss the possibility of an earlier 100% sales to 2036 and really push manufacturers to step up and make these vehicles available,” she added.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-other-states-set-to-follow\">Other states set to follow?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>A coalition of representatives from several states, including New York, Washington, Wisconsin and Connecticut, urged the board to adopt the rule and said they would move to implement it in their states, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The board’s approval of the advanced clean-fleet regulations will enable New York and other states to adopt those regulations to support the needed transition to zero-emission transportation and cleaner, healthier communities,” said Jared Snyder, deputy commissioner for air resources, climate change and energy at the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although California legislators have no direct say over whether the board adopts the rule, dozens of lawmakers weighed in on the proposal — and vastly disagreed about it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://static1.squarespace.com/static/60e541a40b8cea368db30028/t/634f1ddfaa801124f1e2f949/1666129376617/FINAL+Advance+Clean+Fleet+Rule+Leg+Letter+Signed+-+10.17.22+Final.pdf\">letter to the air board (PDF)\u003c/a>, a group of state legislators, including Democratic Sens. Nancy Skinner of Berkeley and Josh Becker of Menlo Park, and Assemblymember Cristina Garcia of Bell Gardens, agreed with environmentalists. They note that these changes are achievable due to this year’s massive $54 billion climate investment, which includes \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/01/26/governor-newsom-outlines-historic-10-billion-zero-emission-vehicle-package-to-lead-the-worlds-transition-to-clean-energy-combat-climate-change/\">$10 billion in state funding to rapidly deploy electric vehicles and charging stations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The climate package allocates billions for electrifying medium- and heavy-duty trucks, including $1.1 billion for zero-emission trucks, buses, off-road equipment and fueling infrastructure and $400 million for charging stations at ports. Truck drivers and companies could receive additional benefits through the federal Inflation Reduction Act, which includes a 30% tax credit for zero-emission commercial vehicles and charging stations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in \u003ca href=\"https://www.arb.ca.gov/lispub/comm/iframe_bccomdisp.php?listname=acf2022&comment_num=96&virt_num=85\">a separate statement\u003c/a>, some legislators including Democratic Assemblymembers Blanca Rubio of Baldwin Park, Carlos Villapudua of Stockton and Rudy Salas of Bakersfield — especially those from rural areas or with high concentrations of fleet operators in their districts — sided with the trucking industry, saying the proposal is too “aggressive” and places many financial burdens on fleet operators. They also said the plan fails to address many technical challenges, such as the toll electric trucks will have on the grid as power demand grows, and the fast-charging needs of heavy-duty rental vehicles like water and dump trucks that operate in remote locations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "heres-how-far-behind-the-world-is-on-reining-in-climate-change",
"title": "Here's How Far Behind the World Is on Reining in Climate Change",
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"content": "\u003cp>World leaders will begin climate talks in Egypt in a little over a week, and tensions are expected to run high in the negotiations to reduce heat-trapping emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, new research shows the world has already fallen drastically behind in adopting the changes needed to avoid a future with even more extreme storms, heat waves and floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collectively, countries have promised to reduce heat-trapping emissions by about 3% by 2030, compared to 2020 levels. That’s far from the 45% drop that’s needed, according to a new report from the United Nations Environment Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cutting emissions nearly in half by the end of the decade would put the world on track to limiting warming to 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 degrees Celsius) by 2100. But at the current pace of emissions, the planet would heat up by 5 degrees Fahrenheit, leading to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/08/1052198840/1-5-degrees-warming-climate-change\">more deadly heat waves and storms and the flooding of coastal cities due to polar ice melt\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At last year’s climate summit in Glasgow, Scotland, world \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/13/1055542738/cop26-climate-summit-final-decision\">leaders agreed to strengthen their commitments\u003c/a> to cut emissions rapidly. But as of late September, only 24 out of 193 countries submitted more ambitious climate goals, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/news/climate-plans-remain-insufficient-more-ambitious-action-needed-now\">report by another UN body\u003c/a>, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expectations are low that countries will make new, bolder pledges at the upcoming climate meeting in Egypt. The war in Ukraine and inflation are drawing governments’ focus, and climate talks have been frozen in recent months between the two largest emitters, the United States and China.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Emissions are still rising but they need to fall 45% by 2030\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At the 2015 Paris climate summit, world leaders agreed that limiting climate change to 1.5 degrees Celsius was a critical target. Extreme hurricanes, floods and heat waves could displace billions of people around the globe, making their lives and livelihoods untenable where they reside now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the new UN report shows that current climate pledges, known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), are substantially short of that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reality, most countries are already falling behind on their pledges. After a short dip during the pandemic, emissions are on the rise again and are expected to keep rising through 2030. In 2021, emissions from burning coal reached their highest levels in history, \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/news/global-co2-emissions-rebounded-to-their-highest-level-in-history-in-2021\">largely driven by China\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"climate-change\"]Strengthening national pledges is on the agenda for discussion at the upcoming COP27 talks in Egypt, but major emitters aren’t expected to make dramatically larger commitments. The European Union announced it could update its climate goals only \u003ca href=\"https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/10/24/council-sets-out-eu-position-for-un-climate-summit-in-sharm-el-sheikh-cop27/\">after the negotiations are complete\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the US committed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/22/fact-sheet-president-biden-sets-2030-greenhouse-gas-pollution-reduction-target-aimed-at-creating-good-paying-union-jobs-and-securing-u-s-leadership-on-clean-energy-technologies/\">reducing emissions 50-52% by 2030\u003c/a>, a goal that was bolstered recently by the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act, which provides billions of dollars for electric cars and more efficient buildings and homes. The administration has not signaled that it’s considering a stronger target. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want the COP to make sure that everybody understands we’re doing the things necessary to keep 1.5 degrees alive,” US special climate envoy John Kerry said this week. “We need to have the NDCs, not just of developed countries, but developing countries around the world, need to step up and put in their NDCs because everybody needs to do their part here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The transition from fossil fuels to renewables isn’t fast enough\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The world’s largest emitter, China, will continue to increase its greenhouse gas emissions until 2030 under its national plan. India, the third-largest source of emissions, is planning to do the same. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While both countries are rolling out significant amounts of renewable energy, they’re still building new coal-fired power plants, too. At last year’s summit, the two countries joined others in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/13/1055542738/cop26-climate-summit-final-decision\">pushing back against policies\u003c/a> that would phase out the use of coal, arguing that developing economies have the right to use it as richer nations have done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the cost of solar and wind often cheaper than building new fossil fuel power plants, renewable energy has grown by leaps and bounds. From 2019 to 2021, solar grew by 47%. But the transition to cleaner energy sources needs to speed up six times faster, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/research/state-climate-action-2022\">new report\u003c/a> from a number of climate think tanks, including the World Resources Institute. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Action is lagging on many other fronts, too. The report found the rate of deforestation needs to slow down by 2.5 times. Electric cars need to be adopted five times faster than they are now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never known more about the climate crisis, and we’ve never known more about what we need to do about it and how,” says Claire Fyson of Climate Analytics. “This global report card about climate action makes clear that we’re not moving fast enough.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Here%27s+how+far+behind+the+world+is+on+reining+in+climate+change&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>World leaders will begin climate talks in Egypt in a little over a week, and tensions are expected to run high in the negotiations to reduce heat-trapping emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, new research shows the world has already fallen drastically behind in adopting the changes needed to avoid a future with even more extreme storms, heat waves and floods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collectively, countries have promised to reduce heat-trapping emissions by about 3% by 2030, compared to 2020 levels. That’s far from the 45% drop that’s needed, according to a new report from the United Nations Environment Program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cutting emissions nearly in half by the end of the decade would put the world on track to limiting warming to 2.7 degrees Fahrenheit (1.5 degrees Celsius) by 2100. But at the current pace of emissions, the planet would heat up by 5 degrees Fahrenheit, leading to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/08/1052198840/1-5-degrees-warming-climate-change\">more deadly heat waves and storms and the flooding of coastal cities due to polar ice melt\u003c/a>. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At last year’s climate summit in Glasgow, Scotland, world \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/13/1055542738/cop26-climate-summit-final-decision\">leaders agreed to strengthen their commitments\u003c/a> to cut emissions rapidly. But as of late September, only 24 out of 193 countries submitted more ambitious climate goals, according to a recent \u003ca href=\"https://unfccc.int/news/climate-plans-remain-insufficient-more-ambitious-action-needed-now\">report by another UN body\u003c/a>, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expectations are low that countries will make new, bolder pledges at the upcoming climate meeting in Egypt. The war in Ukraine and inflation are drawing governments’ focus, and climate talks have been frozen in recent months between the two largest emitters, the United States and China.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>Emissions are still rising but they need to fall 45% by 2030\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>At the 2015 Paris climate summit, world leaders agreed that limiting climate change to 1.5 degrees Celsius was a critical target. Extreme hurricanes, floods and heat waves could displace billions of people around the globe, making their lives and livelihoods untenable where they reside now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, the new UN report shows that current climate pledges, known as Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), are substantially short of that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In reality, most countries are already falling behind on their pledges. After a short dip during the pandemic, emissions are on the rise again and are expected to keep rising through 2030. In 2021, emissions from burning coal reached their highest levels in history, \u003ca href=\"https://www.iea.org/news/global-co2-emissions-rebounded-to-their-highest-level-in-history-in-2021\">largely driven by China\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Strengthening national pledges is on the agenda for discussion at the upcoming COP27 talks in Egypt, but major emitters aren’t expected to make dramatically larger commitments. The European Union announced it could update its climate goals only \u003ca href=\"https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2022/10/24/council-sets-out-eu-position-for-un-climate-summit-in-sharm-el-sheikh-cop27/\">after the negotiations are complete\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, the US committed to \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/04/22/fact-sheet-president-biden-sets-2030-greenhouse-gas-pollution-reduction-target-aimed-at-creating-good-paying-union-jobs-and-securing-u-s-leadership-on-clean-energy-technologies/\">reducing emissions 50-52% by 2030\u003c/a>, a goal that was bolstered recently by the passage of the Inflation Reduction Act, which provides billions of dollars for electric cars and more efficient buildings and homes. The administration has not signaled that it’s considering a stronger target. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We want the COP to make sure that everybody understands we’re doing the things necessary to keep 1.5 degrees alive,” US special climate envoy John Kerry said this week. “We need to have the NDCs, not just of developed countries, but developing countries around the world, need to step up and put in their NDCs because everybody needs to do their part here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>\u003cstrong>The transition from fossil fuels to renewables isn’t fast enough\u003c/strong>\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The world’s largest emitter, China, will continue to increase its greenhouse gas emissions until 2030 under its national plan. India, the third-largest source of emissions, is planning to do the same. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While both countries are rolling out significant amounts of renewable energy, they’re still building new coal-fired power plants, too. At last year’s summit, the two countries joined others in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/13/1055542738/cop26-climate-summit-final-decision\">pushing back against policies\u003c/a> that would phase out the use of coal, arguing that developing economies have the right to use it as richer nations have done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the cost of solar and wind often cheaper than building new fossil fuel power plants, renewable energy has grown by leaps and bounds. From 2019 to 2021, solar grew by 47%. But the transition to cleaner energy sources needs to speed up six times faster, according to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/research/state-climate-action-2022\">new report\u003c/a> from a number of climate think tanks, including the World Resources Institute. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Action is lagging on many other fronts, too. The report found the rate of deforestation needs to slow down by 2.5 times. Electric cars need to be adopted five times faster than they are now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve never known more about the climate crisis, and we’ve never known more about what we need to do about it and how,” says Claire Fyson of Climate Analytics. “This global report card about climate action makes clear that we’re not moving fast enough.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Here%27s+how+far+behind+the+world+is+on+reining+in+climate+change&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Major 5.1 Earthquake East of San José Rattles Bay Area",
"headTitle": "Major 5.1 Earthquake East of San José Rattles Bay Area | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>A magnitude 5.1 earthquake, the Bay Area’s largest in eight years, hit the hills east of San José late Tuesday morning, rattling cities across a wide swath of the Bay Area and beyond, but ultimately inflicting little damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/?extent=37.01352,-482.57858&extent=37.79351,-481.16135&listOnlyShown=true&showUSFaults=true&baseLayer=terrain\">quake struck\u003c/a> at 11:42 a.m., roughly 12 miles from downtown San José, according to a preliminary estimate from the U.S. Geological Survey.[aside label=\"related coverage\" tag=\"earthquakes\"]A magnitude 2.9 aftershock followed five minutes later, the agency reported. A third, \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/?currentFeatureId=nc73799186&extent=37.30456,-121.68624&extent=37.31676,-121.6641&listOnlyShown=true&showUSFaults=true&baseLayer=terrain\">3.5-magnitude quake was detected in the same area\u003c/a> at 3:08 p.m., followed by a 2.8-magnitude quake at 5:20 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The [5.1 magnitude] earthquake was widely felt, with over 18,000 ‘\u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc73799091/dyfi/intensity\">Did You Feel It?\u003c/a>‘ reports submitted as of 1 p.m., extending from Central California north to Sacramento and Sonoma County,” Annemarie Baltay, a USGS seismologist, said in a\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/USGS_Quakes/status/1585007212329865216\"> video statement posted on Twitter\u003c/a>. “Ground shaking appears to have been slightly less than our models expected for this magnitude earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baltay said there is a 1% chance of an aftershock greater than magnitude 5 in the next day, and perhaps as many as 15 smaller ones in the next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have good news to report, and that is that we’ve had no injuries to report, and no serious damage to any buildings,” said Santa Clara County Supervisor Cindy Chavez, who represents parts of San José. “That’s particularly important for our health care institutions, and all of them look like they’re in great shape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%;\" align=\"center\">\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqednews.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=1c5ba6eaa44c4d3d967cfc7d6560ecf5\" width=\"1200\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" allowfullscreen>iFrames are not supported on this page.\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Source: US Geological Survey; map by Matthew Green/KQED\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were no immediate reports of damage or injuries, prompting a collective sigh of relief among officials in San José and other nearby cities that felt the brunt of the jolt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San José Fire Department said it had not received any earthquake-related calls. And Caltrain, Valley Transportation Authority and BART officials all said they briefly stopped service systemwide to conduct inspections, but soon resumed normal operations after not finding any damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 100,000 people reported receiving a warning before the shaking started, through California’s earthquake early warning system, according to the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services, or Cal OES.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Advance notice varied from two seconds for those very near the epicenter to 18 seconds for those in San Francisco,” the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/hayabhay/status/1584979532502925312\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The quake’s epicenter was detected at a depth of 4 miles, near the Calaveras Fault, in the vicinity of Joseph D. Grant County Park, a nearly 11,000-acre open-space expanse of rolling hills and oaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 138-mile-long Calaveras Fault is a major branch of the San Andreas Fault and runs from San Juan Bautista in the south to San Ramon in the north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rich Constantine, mayor of Morgan Hill, south of San José, said he was in his kitchen when Tuesday’s “long and steady” quake struck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a frame in the house fall. Everything was shaking but once it stopped, there was no damage,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Constantine said Morgan Hill’s City Hall and other city offices were briefly evacuated but everyone returned to work soon after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Striking just a week after the 33rd anniversary of the devastating 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Tuesday’s temblor is \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc73799091/dyfi/intensity\">the largest to hit the Bay Area since 2014\u003c/a>, when Napa was rocked by a 6.0 quake, according to USGS records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous moderate earthquakes have occurred along the Calaveras Fault, including the 6.2 Morgan Hill earthquake in 1984, and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-oct-31-me-quake31-story.html\">5.6 quake\u003c/a> in 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a reminder for all of us of the region,” San José City Councilmember Raul Peralez said, of Tuesday’s quake. “We know that we’re due for a big earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes additional reporting from KQED’s Guy Marzorati and Angela Corral, and The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A magnitude 5.1 earthquake, the Bay Area’s largest in eight years, hit the hills east of San José late Tuesday morning, rattling cities across a wide swath of the Bay Area and beyond, but ultimately inflicting little damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/?extent=37.01352,-482.57858&extent=37.79351,-481.16135&listOnlyShown=true&showUSFaults=true&baseLayer=terrain\">quake struck\u003c/a> at 11:42 a.m., roughly 12 miles from downtown San José, according to a preliminary estimate from the U.S. Geological Survey.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>A magnitude 2.9 aftershock followed five minutes later, the agency reported. A third, \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/map/?currentFeatureId=nc73799186&extent=37.30456,-121.68624&extent=37.31676,-121.6641&listOnlyShown=true&showUSFaults=true&baseLayer=terrain\">3.5-magnitude quake was detected in the same area\u003c/a> at 3:08 p.m., followed by a 2.8-magnitude quake at 5:20 p.m.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The [5.1 magnitude] earthquake was widely felt, with over 18,000 ‘\u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc73799091/dyfi/intensity\">Did You Feel It?\u003c/a>‘ reports submitted as of 1 p.m., extending from Central California north to Sacramento and Sonoma County,” Annemarie Baltay, a USGS seismologist, said in a\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/USGS_Quakes/status/1585007212329865216\"> video statement posted on Twitter\u003c/a>. “Ground shaking appears to have been slightly less than our models expected for this magnitude earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Baltay said there is a 1% chance of an aftershock greater than magnitude 5 in the next day, and perhaps as many as 15 smaller ones in the next week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have good news to report, and that is that we’ve had no injuries to report, and no serious damage to any buildings,” said Santa Clara County Supervisor Cindy Chavez, who represents parts of San José. “That’s particularly important for our health care institutions, and all of them look like they’re in great shape.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv style=\"width: 100%;\" align=\"center\">\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://kqednews.maps.arcgis.com/apps/instant/basic/index.html?appid=1c5ba6eaa44c4d3d967cfc7d6560ecf5\" width=\"1200\" height=\"700\" frameborder=\"0\" style=\"border:0\" allowfullscreen>iFrames are not supported on this page.\u003c/iframe>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ci>Source: US Geological Survey; map by Matthew Green/KQED\u003c/i>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There were no immediate reports of damage or injuries, prompting a collective sigh of relief among officials in San José and other nearby cities that felt the brunt of the jolt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San José Fire Department said it had not received any earthquake-related calls. And Caltrain, Valley Transportation Authority and BART officials all said they briefly stopped service systemwide to conduct inspections, but soon resumed normal operations after not finding any damage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly 100,000 people reported receiving a warning before the shaking started, through California’s earthquake early warning system, according to the California Governor’s Office of Emergency Services, or Cal OES.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Advance notice varied from two seconds for those very near the epicenter to 18 seconds for those in San Francisco,” the agency said.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The quake’s epicenter was detected at a depth of 4 miles, near the Calaveras Fault, in the vicinity of Joseph D. Grant County Park, a nearly 11,000-acre open-space expanse of rolling hills and oaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The 138-mile-long Calaveras Fault is a major branch of the San Andreas Fault and runs from San Juan Bautista in the south to San Ramon in the north.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rich Constantine, mayor of Morgan Hill, south of San José, said he was in his kitchen when Tuesday’s “long and steady” quake struck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We had a frame in the house fall. Everything was shaking but once it stopped, there was no damage,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Constantine said Morgan Hill’s City Hall and other city offices were briefly evacuated but everyone returned to work soon after.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Striking just a week after the 33rd anniversary of the devastating 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake, Tuesday’s temblor is \u003ca href=\"https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc73799091/dyfi/intensity\">the largest to hit the Bay Area since 2014\u003c/a>, when Napa was rocked by a 6.0 quake, according to USGS records.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous moderate earthquakes have occurred along the Calaveras Fault, including the 6.2 Morgan Hill earthquake in 1984, and a \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-oct-31-me-quake31-story.html\">5.6 quake\u003c/a> in 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think it’s a reminder for all of us of the region,” San José City Councilmember Raul Peralez said, of Tuesday’s quake. “We know that we’re due for a big earthquake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story includes additional reporting from KQED’s Guy Marzorati and Angela Corral, and The Associated Press.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Recycled Water May Prove Crucial for Northern California Amid Ongoing Droughts, Climate Change",
"title": "Recycled Water May Prove Crucial for Northern California Amid Ongoing Droughts, Climate Change",
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"content": "\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Area is far behind Southern California in reusing water. Policy experts say it could take decades for the state’s second-most populous region to catch up — the lower half of the state recycled 83% more water than the Bay Area last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing outside Google’s Bay View campus in Mountain View in early August, wearing a pool-blue collared shirt and a gray blazer, California's Natural Resources Secretary Wade Crowfoot pressed the state's northern region to do more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you spend time in Orange County, there's a chance that you're consuming purified water that's been recycled,” he said. “We need to expand water recycling throughout the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With two multiyear droughts in a decade and the pace of human-caused climate change accelerating each year due to the burning of fossil fuels, agencies across the region are finally grappling with the need for more recycled water and whether to expand the purple pipe systems that carry it. Boosting water recycling around the Bay Area could have a secondary benefit: preventing red tides or algal blooms in the bay that threaten marine life.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Felicia Marcus, visiting fellow, Stanford University Water in the West program\"]'Many in the Bay Area don't realize that they are just as dependent on imported water as Southern California (is). The majority of our water comes from 100 miles away.'[/pullquote]“Southern California communities, they've kind of had to grapple with this, crack this nut and solve this problem a little bit sooner than other California communities,” said Annalisa Kihara, assistant deputy director of the division of water quality with the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists project that California’s climate will grow more arid and could provide 10% less water statewide by 2040. Kihara said recycled water must be part of the state’s plan to adapt to drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most water agencies in the nine Bay Area counties are cautiously waiting to invest until the long-awaited, state-approved regulations for mixing toilet water and tap water — what officials call \"direct potable reuse\" — go into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recycled wastewater is currently not allowed to be directly pumped into drinking water sources, but the new rules, which could go into effect in late 2023, might change that, ushering in a new era of water treatment in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom has called for the state to increase water recycling by 60% by 2040, or 1.8 million acre-feet yearly. Last year, the state recycled 731,000 acre-feet and will need to spend billions of dollars to reach that 2040 target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area hasn’t truly taken the leap into large-scale water recycling, with a few exceptions. In 2021, from Healdsburg to San José, the region recycled nearly 78,000 acre-feet of water, a small fraction of what the region uses yearly.[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='water']Historical necessity is part of the reason that Southern California is so far ahead of the Bay Area. Most of the rain falls in the northern part of the state, and yet most Californians live in the southern part of the state (the Bay Area’s population of 8 million is about a third of that of Southern California).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Felicia Marcus, visiting fellow at Stanford University’s Water in the West program and past chair of the California State Water Resources Control Board, notes that San Francisco, Santa Clara and other Bay Area counties also rely on water from other places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many in the Bay Area don't realize that they are just as dependent on imported water as Southern California (is). The majority of our water comes from 100 miles away,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California invested in water recycling first because they have fewer rights to water from the Sierra Nevada. But now that the Bay Area faces increasingly hot summers and droughts super-fueled by climate change, Marcus said the region must follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A solution for red tides?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the worst ecological disaster in recent memory gripped the Bay Area. An algal bloom killed thousands of fish across the Bay Area. Scores of bat ray, crab, flounder and striped bass carcasses washed up along the shoreline from Lake Merritt to Fort Funston to Oyster Point in San Mateo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists aren’t entirely sure what caused the algal bloom but believe the red tide, vividly seen from the sky, is climate-related and linked to treated sewage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just experienced this horrendous algae bloom and fish-kill,” Marcus said. “A lot of that has to do with nutrients in the waterway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11929869\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11929869 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51731_083_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A large, outdoor, metal, circular water purification tank, maybe four stories high and half a block in diamteter.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51731_083_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51731_083_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51731_083_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51731_083_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51731_083_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water remains in a finishing tank until blending at the Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San José on Sept. 23, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wastewater treatment plants unload nutrients — cleaned-up particles of human waste — as a by-product released into the bay. Marcus said that if the Bay Area cleans wastewater to a higher level and reuses much of that water rather than dumping it, it could prevent harmful algal blooms in the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board, which regulates wastewater treatment across the region, is mandating that all agencies study the impact water recycling could have on their operations and the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're feeling pretty confident that the nutrients in the bay help the bloom grow,” said Eileen White, head of the agency. “It’s one of the reasons we're asking wastewater utilities to look at recycled water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White said the final results could come next summer. The price to update wastewater treatment plants to better account for nutrient loading could cost in the ballpark of $12 billion, according to the Bay Area Clean Water Agencies, which represents the plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'It's the perfect time'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Valley Water, which serves more than 2 million residents in the South Bay, is one of the agencies eagerly awaiting the state’s decision on direct potable reuse. The agency runs a wastewater recycling plant and by 2025 aims to double the 5% of the water it recycles yearly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s enough to supply 74,000 households with water a year. But Marcus says that’s chump change compared to what is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don't understand why Valley Water is only going for 10% when they are perhaps the most vulnerable population of a large city,” she said. “You would think they would put the pedal to the metal on everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons Valley Water isn’t doing more is because of the cost — millions, if not billions, of dollars in both upfront and long-term maintenance, which could significantly decrease with state and federal infrastructure dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s pricey to build a water recycling facility, but even more costly to create a separate system to transport water, said Kirsten Struve, the agency’s assistant officer for water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11929873\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11929873\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51700_052_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51700_052_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51700_052_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51700_052_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51700_052_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51700_052_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ultraviolet-light step in the water purification process at Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San José on Sept. 23, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Once direct potable is an option, recycled water can go to one of our drinking-water treatment plants and we wouldn't need a whole new pipe system,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up the peninsula, the San Francisco-Peninsula Regional PureWater Project is leading an effort to turn 12 million gallons of wastewater daily into drinking water. They’d like to store the recycled water in a reservoir or pump it straight into drinking water pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The concept that we take potable drinking water, poo and pee in it, and just flush it down the toilet is a travesty,” said Teresa Herrera, Silicon Valley Clean Water manager. Herrera is leading the project to help secure drinking water supplies between Redwood City and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is in its early phases. Herrera said a proposal outlining the next steps could come next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real leader of water recycling in the Bay Area is Santa Rosa, which reuses 98% of its wastewater. The agency pipes recycled water to three other cities — Rohnert Park, Cotati and Sebastopol, as well as additional, unincorporated areas — a geothermal energy operation, and farms, said Jennifer Burke, director of Santa Rosa Water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past summer, Santa Rosa began a study on how to make the city’s water system climate-resilient. It includes a focus group considering adding direct potable reuse to its existing water recycling system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This allows us to prepare for the future,” Burke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'I don't think we should feel numb'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As Bay Area water agencies begin boosting water recycling, Charisma Acey, city and regional planning professor at UC Berkeley, worries that affluent neighborhoods might receive tasty mountain-sourced Hetch Hetchy water and lower-income communities of color will be delivered recycled wastewater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to make sure things don't become tiered where one level of service that's perceived as inferior, even though it might be far more environmentally friendly, is only used by one group of society,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On another point about equity, Samuel Sandoval Solís, professor of water resources management at UC Davis, said if the Bay Area recycles enough water, decreasing demand on the Sierra, some of that water saved could be made available for the more than 1 million people in the state — mainly in the Central Valley — who don’t have access to clean and affordable drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The conversation should focus on how we can provide water to these million people that, by the way, put a lot of food on the table for people in the Bay Area,” he said. “I don't think we should feel numb by this number.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The Bay Area lags far behind Southern California in its reuse of water, and experts say it could take decades for the state's second-most populous region to catch up, despite mounting urgency.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Area is far behind Southern California in reusing water. Policy experts say it could take decades for the state’s second-most populous region to catch up — the lower half of the state recycled 83% more water than the Bay Area last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Standing outside Google’s Bay View campus in Mountain View in early August, wearing a pool-blue collared shirt and a gray blazer, California's Natural Resources Secretary Wade Crowfoot pressed the state's northern region to do more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you spend time in Orange County, there's a chance that you're consuming purified water that's been recycled,” he said. “We need to expand water recycling throughout the Bay Area.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With two multiyear droughts in a decade and the pace of human-caused climate change accelerating each year due to the burning of fossil fuels, agencies across the region are finally grappling with the need for more recycled water and whether to expand the purple pipe systems that carry it. Boosting water recycling around the Bay Area could have a secondary benefit: preventing red tides or algal blooms in the bay that threaten marine life.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“Southern California communities, they've kind of had to grapple with this, crack this nut and solve this problem a little bit sooner than other California communities,” said Annalisa Kihara, assistant deputy director of the division of water quality with the State Water Resources Control Board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists project that California’s climate will grow more arid and could provide 10% less water statewide by 2040. Kihara said recycled water must be part of the state’s plan to adapt to drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most water agencies in the nine Bay Area counties are cautiously waiting to invest until the long-awaited, state-approved regulations for mixing toilet water and tap water — what officials call \"direct potable reuse\" — go into effect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recycled wastewater is currently not allowed to be directly pumped into drinking water sources, but the new rules, which could go into effect in late 2023, might change that, ushering in a new era of water treatment in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Gavin Newsom has called for the state to increase water recycling by 60% by 2040, or 1.8 million acre-feet yearly. Last year, the state recycled 731,000 acre-feet and will need to spend billions of dollars to reach that 2040 target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Bay Area hasn’t truly taken the leap into large-scale water recycling, with a few exceptions. In 2021, from Healdsburg to San José, the region recycled nearly 78,000 acre-feet of water, a small fraction of what the region uses yearly.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Historical necessity is part of the reason that Southern California is so far ahead of the Bay Area. Most of the rain falls in the northern part of the state, and yet most Californians live in the southern part of the state (the Bay Area’s population of 8 million is about a third of that of Southern California).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Felicia Marcus, visiting fellow at Stanford University’s Water in the West program and past chair of the California State Water Resources Control Board, notes that San Francisco, Santa Clara and other Bay Area counties also rely on water from other places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many in the Bay Area don't realize that they are just as dependent on imported water as Southern California (is). The majority of our water comes from 100 miles away,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California invested in water recycling first because they have fewer rights to water from the Sierra Nevada. But now that the Bay Area faces increasingly hot summers and droughts super-fueled by climate change, Marcus said the region must follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A solution for red tides?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, the worst ecological disaster in recent memory gripped the Bay Area. An algal bloom killed thousands of fish across the Bay Area. Scores of bat ray, crab, flounder and striped bass carcasses washed up along the shoreline from Lake Merritt to Fort Funston to Oyster Point in San Mateo County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists aren’t entirely sure what caused the algal bloom but believe the red tide, vividly seen from the sky, is climate-related and linked to treated sewage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We just experienced this horrendous algae bloom and fish-kill,” Marcus said. “A lot of that has to do with nutrients in the waterway.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11929869\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11929869 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51731_083_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"A large, outdoor, metal, circular water purification tank, maybe four stories high and half a block in diamteter.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51731_083_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51731_083_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51731_083_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51731_083_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51731_083_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut-1536x1024.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Water remains in a finishing tank until blending at the Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San José on Sept. 23, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Wastewater treatment plants unload nutrients — cleaned-up particles of human waste — as a by-product released into the bay. Marcus said that if the Bay Area cleans wastewater to a higher level and reuses much of that water rather than dumping it, it could prevent harmful algal blooms in the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Francisco Bay Regional Water Quality Control Board, which regulates wastewater treatment across the region, is mandating that all agencies study the impact water recycling could have on their operations and the bay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We're feeling pretty confident that the nutrients in the bay help the bloom grow,” said Eileen White, head of the agency. “It’s one of the reasons we're asking wastewater utilities to look at recycled water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>White said the final results could come next summer. The price to update wastewater treatment plants to better account for nutrient loading could cost in the ballpark of $12 billion, according to the Bay Area Clean Water Agencies, which represents the plants.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'It's the perfect time'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Valley Water, which serves more than 2 million residents in the South Bay, is one of the agencies eagerly awaiting the state’s decision on direct potable reuse. The agency runs a wastewater recycling plant and by 2025 aims to double the 5% of the water it recycles yearly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s enough to supply 74,000 households with water a year. But Marcus says that’s chump change compared to what is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don't understand why Valley Water is only going for 10% when they are perhaps the most vulnerable population of a large city,” she said. “You would think they would put the pedal to the metal on everything.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the reasons Valley Water isn’t doing more is because of the cost — millions, if not billions, of dollars in both upfront and long-term maintenance, which could significantly decrease with state and federal infrastructure dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s pricey to build a water recycling facility, but even more costly to create a separate system to transport water, said Kirsten Struve, the agency’s assistant officer for water supply.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11929873\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11929873\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51700_052_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1278\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51700_052_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51700_052_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51700_052_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51700_052_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS51700_052_SanJose_WaterPurificationCenter_09232021-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The ultraviolet-light step in the water purification process at Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center in San José on Sept. 23, 2021. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Once direct potable is an option, recycled water can go to one of our drinking-water treatment plants and we wouldn't need a whole new pipe system,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up the peninsula, the San Francisco-Peninsula Regional PureWater Project is leading an effort to turn 12 million gallons of wastewater daily into drinking water. They’d like to store the recycled water in a reservoir or pump it straight into drinking water pipes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The concept that we take potable drinking water, poo and pee in it, and just flush it down the toilet is a travesty,” said Teresa Herrera, Silicon Valley Clean Water manager. Herrera is leading the project to help secure drinking water supplies between Redwood City and San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The project is in its early phases. Herrera said a proposal outlining the next steps could come next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The real leader of water recycling in the Bay Area is Santa Rosa, which reuses 98% of its wastewater. The agency pipes recycled water to three other cities — Rohnert Park, Cotati and Sebastopol, as well as additional, unincorporated areas — a geothermal energy operation, and farms, said Jennifer Burke, director of Santa Rosa Water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past summer, Santa Rosa began a study on how to make the city’s water system climate-resilient. It includes a focus group considering adding direct potable reuse to its existing water recycling system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This allows us to prepare for the future,” Burke said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>'I don't think we should feel numb'\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As Bay Area water agencies begin boosting water recycling, Charisma Acey, city and regional planning professor at UC Berkeley, worries that affluent neighborhoods might receive tasty mountain-sourced Hetch Hetchy water and lower-income communities of color will be delivered recycled wastewater.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need to make sure things don't become tiered where one level of service that's perceived as inferior, even though it might be far more environmentally friendly, is only used by one group of society,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On another point about equity, Samuel Sandoval Solís, professor of water resources management at UC Davis, said if the Bay Area recycles enough water, decreasing demand on the Sierra, some of that water saved could be made available for the more than 1 million people in the state — mainly in the Central Valley — who don’t have access to clean and affordable drinking water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The conversation should focus on how we can provide water to these million people that, by the way, put a lot of food on the table for people in the Bay Area,” he said. “I don't think we should feel numb by this number.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gas stoves in California homes are leaking cancer-causing benzene, researchers found in a new study published Thursday, though they say more research is needed to understand how many homes have leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, published in \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02581\">Environmental Science and Technology\u003c/a>, researchers also estimated that over 4 tons of benzene per year are being leaked into the atmosphere from outdoor pipes that deliver the gas to buildings around California. And those emissions are unaccounted for by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Lebel is a co-author of the study and a senior scientist at PSE Healthy Energy, the nonprofit energy research and policy institute that conducted the research. He says that even low-level gas leaks can generate concentrations of benzene seven times California’s recommended exposure limits, and that these leaks can also affect outdoor air quality.[aside label='Related Articles' tag='benzene']“We estimate that leaks from gas appliances and the pipes that feed them in cities can emit the same amount of benzene each year in the state of California as 60,000 passenger cars,” said Lebel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers collected samples of gas from 159 homes in different regions of California and measured to see which types of gases were being emitted into homes when stoves were off. They found at least 12 hazardous air pollutants in all the samples they tested, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (together known as BTEX), all of which can have adverse health effects in humans with chronic exposure or acute exposure in larger amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of most concern to the researchers was \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/benzene\">benzene\u003c/a>, a known carcinogen that can lead to leukemia and other cancers and blood disorders, according to the National Cancer Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding could have major implications for indoor and outdoor air quality in California, which has the second highest level of residential natural gas use in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What our science shows is that people in California are exposed to potentially hazardous levels of benzene from the gas that is piped into their homes,” said Drew Michanowicz, study co-author and senior scientist at PSE Healthy Energy. “We hope that policymakers will consider this data when they are making policy to ensure current and future policies are health-protective in light of this new research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homes in the greater Los Angeles, North San Fernando Valley and Santa Clarita Valley areas had the highest benzene in gas levels. Leaks from stoves in these regions could emit enough benzene to significantly exceed the limit determined to be safe by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazards Assessment.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Drew Michanowicz, co-author and senior scientist, PSE Healthy Energy\"]‘We hope that policymakers will consider this data when they are making policy to ensure current and future policies are health-protective in light of this new research.’[/pullquote]This finding in particular didn’t surprise residents and health care workers in the region who spoke to The Associated Press about the study. That’s because many of them experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-california-los-angeles-southern-california-gas-co-sempra-energy-a043c5dbe2bd14776a8f38e24b2ce055\">largest-known natural gas leak\u003c/a> in the nation in Aliso Canyon in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, 100,000 tons of methane and other gases, \u003ca href=\"https://www.noaa.gov/media-release/study-2015-california-blowout-led-to-largest-us-methane-release-ever#:~:text=The%20Aliso%20Canyon%20natural%20gas,methane%20leak%20in%20U.S.%20history.\">including benzene\u003c/a>, leaked from a failed well operated by Southern California Gas Co. It took nearly four months to get the leak under control and resulted in headaches, nausea and nosebleeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jeffrey Nordella was a physician at an urgent care in the region during this time and remembers being puzzled by the variety of symptoms patients were experiencing. “I didn’t have much to offer them,” except to help them try to detox from the exposures, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was an acute exposure of a large amount of benzene, which is different from chronic exposure to smaller amounts, but “remember \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CED-PHE-EPE-19.4.2\">what the World Health Organization said\u003c/a>: There’s no safe level of benzene,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kyoko Hibino was one of the residents exposed to toxic air pollution as a result of the Aliso Canyon gas leak. After the leak, she started having a persistent cough and nosebleeds and eventually was diagnosed with breast cancer, which also has been \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10450771/\">linked to benzene exposure\u003c/a>. Her cats also started having nosebleeds and one recently passed away from leukemia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d say let’s take this study really seriously and understand how bad (benzene exposure) is,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators have committed to phasing out the sale of gas furnaces and water heaters by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Keith Mizuguchi contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gas stoves in California homes are leaking cancer-causing benzene, researchers found in a new study published Thursday, though they say more research is needed to understand how many homes have leaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the study, published in \u003ca href=\"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c02581\">Environmental Science and Technology\u003c/a>, researchers also estimated that over 4 tons of benzene per year are being leaked into the atmosphere from outdoor pipes that deliver the gas to buildings around California. And those emissions are unaccounted for by the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Lebel is a co-author of the study and a senior scientist at PSE Healthy Energy, the nonprofit energy research and policy institute that conducted the research. He says that even low-level gas leaks can generate concentrations of benzene seven times California’s recommended exposure limits, and that these leaks can also affect outdoor air quality.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>“We estimate that leaks from gas appliances and the pipes that feed them in cities can emit the same amount of benzene each year in the state of California as 60,000 passenger cars,” said Lebel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers collected samples of gas from 159 homes in different regions of California and measured to see which types of gases were being emitted into homes when stoves were off. They found at least 12 hazardous air pollutants in all the samples they tested, including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (together known as BTEX), all of which can have adverse health effects in humans with chronic exposure or acute exposure in larger amounts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of most concern to the researchers was \u003ca href=\"https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/substances/benzene\">benzene\u003c/a>, a known carcinogen that can lead to leukemia and other cancers and blood disorders, according to the National Cancer Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The finding could have major implications for indoor and outdoor air quality in California, which has the second highest level of residential natural gas use in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What our science shows is that people in California are exposed to potentially hazardous levels of benzene from the gas that is piped into their homes,” said Drew Michanowicz, study co-author and senior scientist at PSE Healthy Energy. “We hope that policymakers will consider this data when they are making policy to ensure current and future policies are health-protective in light of this new research.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Homes in the greater Los Angeles, North San Fernando Valley and Santa Clarita Valley areas had the highest benzene in gas levels. Leaks from stoves in these regions could emit enough benzene to significantly exceed the limit determined to be safe by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazards Assessment.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>This finding in particular didn’t surprise residents and health care workers in the region who spoke to The Associated Press about the study. That’s because many of them experienced the \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/article/business-california-los-angeles-southern-california-gas-co-sempra-energy-a043c5dbe2bd14776a8f38e24b2ce055\">largest-known natural gas leak\u003c/a> in the nation in Aliso Canyon in 2015.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Back then, 100,000 tons of methane and other gases, \u003ca href=\"https://www.noaa.gov/media-release/study-2015-california-blowout-led-to-largest-us-methane-release-ever#:~:text=The%20Aliso%20Canyon%20natural%20gas,methane%20leak%20in%20U.S.%20history.\">including benzene\u003c/a>, leaked from a failed well operated by Southern California Gas Co. It took nearly four months to get the leak under control and resulted in headaches, nausea and nosebleeds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dr. Jeffrey Nordella was a physician at an urgent care in the region during this time and remembers being puzzled by the variety of symptoms patients were experiencing. “I didn’t have much to offer them,” except to help them try to detox from the exposures, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That was an acute exposure of a large amount of benzene, which is different from chronic exposure to smaller amounts, but “remember \u003ca href=\"https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-CED-PHE-EPE-19.4.2\">what the World Health Organization said\u003c/a>: There’s no safe level of benzene,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kyoko Hibino was one of the residents exposed to toxic air pollution as a result of the Aliso Canyon gas leak. After the leak, she started having a persistent cough and nosebleeds and eventually was diagnosed with breast cancer, which also has been \u003ca href=\"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10450771/\">linked to benzene exposure\u003c/a>. Her cats also started having nosebleeds and one recently passed away from leukemia.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’d say let’s take this study really seriously and understand how bad (benzene exposure) is,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State regulators have committed to phasing out the sale of gas furnaces and water heaters by 2030.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Keith Mizuguchi contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California is sending money directly to millions of residents to help with rising costs and high gas prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The payments, which started \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/10/06/tomorrow-middle-class-tax-refunds-start-hitting-bank-accounts/\">going out October 7\u003c/a>, range from $200 to $1,050, depending on income and other factors. About 18 million payments will be distributed over the next few months, benefiting up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/10/06/tomorrow-middle-class-tax-refunds-start-hitting-bank-accounts/\">23 million Californians\u003c/a>. The cash payouts are part of a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/06/california-tax-relief-deal/\">June budget deal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve already \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11929137/california-gas-rebate-heres-what-you-need-to-know\">answered the basics\u003c/a>, including who is eligible for the payments, when they are getting sent out, how people will receive them, and how much you can expect to receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But readers responded with more questions via email and social media. We also took cues from questions people searched for a lot online. We’ve answered some of those questions here, and will be adding more questions and answers to this page over the coming days.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Does it matter how many cars I have, or whether I have an electric vehicle?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>No. Whether or not you’re\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2022/10/california-gas-rebate-4/\">eligible for this payment\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>— or how much you will get — has nothing to do with whether you own a car, how many cars you own, or what kind of car you own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason people might be confused is that back in March, Gov. Gavin Newsom proposed sending payments to Californians\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/03/california-gas-tax-newsom-rebate/\">based on how many cars they own\u003c/a>. But that wasn’t part of the final deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eligibility is based on having submitted a complete 2020 tax return by Oct. 15, 2021, as well as\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2022/10/california-gas-rebate-4/\">other factors including income and residency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-are-the-gas-rebates-the-same-as-the-inflation-relief-payments\">Are the ‘gas rebates’ the same as the ‘inflation relief’ payments?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Basically, yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea of financial relief for high gas prices was\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/03/gov-newsom-speech/\">\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>floated by Newsom\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>in March. As the proposal developed, it was sometimes referred to as a gas rebate or refund, and sometimes referred to as an inflation relief payment. The official name it ultimately got was the Middle Class Tax Refund. In most cases, those terms are all referring to payments that started going out in October to offset the high price of gas and other goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One wrinkle: In the wake of a recent uptick in the price of California gas, Newsom proposed a\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/09/30/governor-newsom-calls-for-a-windfall-tax-to-put-record-oil-profits-back-in-californians-pockets/\">new tax on oil companies\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>in late September and called for a special legislative session in December to discuss the idea. His proposal is to turn the funds generated from that tax into\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/10/newsom-gas-rebate-special-session/\">a refund or rebate for people affected by high gas prices\u003c/a>, so that’s another gas rebate you might hear about, but it hasn’t happened yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside>\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-are-these-payments-taxable\">Are these payments taxable?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The payments won’t be taxable for California state income tax purposes, says Franchise Tax Board spokesperson Catalina Martinez. Martinez said the board would be issuing 1099-MISC forms to people receiving payments of more than $600.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the federal government will tax these payments is less clear. “That’s an issue where individuals should check with your local tax preparer,” said H.D. Palmer, spokesperson for California’s Department of Finance.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-why-can-t-you-file-something-now-to-get-the-payment-if-you-didn-t-file-a-2020-tax-return\">Why can’t you file something now to get the payment if you didn’t file a 2020 tax return?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some people earn little enough income that they aren’t required to file taxes. That includes some\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2022/07/california-gas-rebate-2/\">seniors and disabled people\u003c/a>, as well as some people with very low incomes. Unfortunately, if you didn’t file a 2020 tax return by the deadline, you aren’t eligible for this payment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can’t file anything retroactively to receive the payment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the state allowed people to file amended tax returns, for example, that would have taken more time — both for people to file, and for the state to process — and would have opened up “concerns regarding potential fraud,” said Palmer of the Department of Finance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basing the payments on previously submitted returns, and documentation that has “already been processed and validated by the [Franchise Tax Board] significantly eliminates the possibility of fraud,” Palmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-why-is-your-2020-tax-return-important-why-not-2021\">Why is your 2020 tax return important? Why not 2021?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are two main reasons why the 2020 tax return was chosen, Palmer said. One is that the 2020 tax filing is completely done, whereas tax filing and processing for 2021 is ongoing. (The extension deadline for 2021 tax returns was October 17).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reason, Palmer said, is that the tax board “received roughly half a million more low-income tax returns than usual in 2020, since more households filed tax returns to take advantage of pandemic-related assistance.” So, by using the 2020 return, California will be able to reach several hundred thousand more people with these payments, according to Palmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-what-happens-if-you-were-married-when-you-filed-your-2020-tax-return-and-filed-it-jointly-but-have-since-gotten-divorced\">What happens if you were married when you filed your 2020 tax return and filed it jointly, but have since gotten divorced?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Your tax return for 2020 is important for these payments —\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2022/10/california-gas-rebate-4/\">without one, you aren’t eligible\u003c/a>. Plus, the adjusted gross income reported on your 2020 return will factor into how much money you get. The payments are being sent out either as direct deposits or debit cards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you were part of a couple that filed a 2020 tax return jointly, but have since separated or gotten divorced, you will still be issued one debit card jointly with your former spouse or partner, with both names on it, said Martinez. That card would be sent to the most recent address the tax board has on file for the first person named on the 2020 return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your address has changed since you last filed California taxes, you can update your address through\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ftb.ca.gov/myftb/\">MyFTB\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>or by dialing (800) 542-9332, according to Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Same goes for direct deposit: If you filed a 2020 tax return with a partner or spouse you’ve since separated from, the deposit will go to the bank account of the first person named on the 2020 tax return, Martinez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this situation the formerly coupled taxpayers “should work together to ensure proper handling of the (Middle Class Tax Refund) payment,” said Martinez in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Are you eligible?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To be eligible, you need to have filed a 2020 California tax return by Oct. 15, 2021. There’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftb.ca.gov/about-ftb/newsroom/middle-class-tax-refund/index.html#Note\">an exception\u003c/a> for people who did not file by the October deadline because they were waiting on an \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/individuals/individual-taxpayer-identification-number\">individual taxpayer identification number\u003c/a> (so long as they filed by Feb. 15, 2022).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who didn’t file taxes for 2020, including some seniors and disabled people, will be left out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who can be claimed as dependents for tax purposes won’t get their own payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The payments also won’t go to people who are married or in domestic partnerships who have an adjusted gross income over $500,000. Same goes for many individuals who have adjusted gross incomes over $250,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You also had to be a California resident for at least six months of 2020, and be a resident when your payment is issued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Undocumented Californians with a valid taxpayer number or Social Security number, who filed complete 2020 tax returns and meet all the eligibility requirements, can receive the payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You don’t need to send any additional forms or fill out any application to get the payment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How will you get the payment?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>People who are eligible for the payment will get it either via a direct deposit to their bank account or by mailed debit card, according to the tax board. Generally, people who filed their 2020 tax return online and received their state tax refund via direct deposit will get a direct deposit. Most other people who are eligible will get debit cards in the mail. The envelope will be clearly marked with the phrase “Middle Class Tax Refund.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>When will you get the payment?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first round of payments will go to people who received one of the two Golden State stimulus payments from 2021 and are eligible for a direct deposit. The first round of payments are expected to go out between October 7 and October 25.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest of the direct deposits are expected to go out between October 28 and November 14. The tax board expects 90% of direct deposits to be sent out in October, according to its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debit cards for people who got one of the Golden State stimulus payments are expected to be mailed out between October 25 and December 10. All of the remaining debit cards are expected to be mailed by January 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why can’t they all be sent out at once?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“There are constraints on the number of direct deposits and mailed debit cards that can be issued weekly,” Franchise Tax Board spokesperson Andrew LePage told CalMatters. “Logistically it takes time to deliver approximately 18 million payments to Californians effectively and accurately, protecting both taxpayers and California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How much will you get?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Franchise Tax Board has information, as well as a customer help line, which can be reached by dialing (800) 542-9332. The help line has assistance in English, Spanish, Mandarin, Hindi, Vietnamese, Korean and Punjabi. The board says other languages may be supported by request. You can also access the FTB’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftb.ca.gov/about-ftb/newsroom/middle-class-tax-refund/middle-class-tax-refund-estimator.html\">Middle Class Tax Refund Estimator\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Readers had questions about California's gas rebate payments, including whether it matters how many cars you have, and why the payments are based on 2020 tax returns. We've answered some questions here.",
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"title": "California Gas Rebate — Here's What You Need to Know | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is sending money directly to millions of residents to help with rising costs and high gas prices.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The payments, which started \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/10/06/tomorrow-middle-class-tax-refunds-start-hitting-bank-accounts/\">going out October 7\u003c/a>, range from $200 to $1,050, depending on income and other factors. About 18 million payments will be distributed over the next few months, benefiting up to \u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/10/06/tomorrow-middle-class-tax-refunds-start-hitting-bank-accounts/\">23 million Californians\u003c/a>. The cash payouts are part of a \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/06/california-tax-relief-deal/\">June budget deal\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We’ve already \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11929137/california-gas-rebate-heres-what-you-need-to-know\">answered the basics\u003c/a>, including who is eligible for the payments, when they are getting sent out, how people will receive them, and how much you can expect to receive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But readers responded with more questions via email and social media. We also took cues from questions people searched for a lot online. We’ve answered some of those questions here, and will be adding more questions and answers to this page over the coming days.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Does it matter how many cars I have, or whether I have an electric vehicle?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>No. Whether or not you’re\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2022/10/california-gas-rebate-4/\">eligible for this payment\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>— or how much you will get — has nothing to do with whether you own a car, how many cars you own, or what kind of car you own.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The reason people might be confused is that back in March, Gov. Gavin Newsom proposed sending payments to Californians\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/03/california-gas-tax-newsom-rebate/\">based on how many cars they own\u003c/a>. But that wasn’t part of the final deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eligibility is based on having submitted a complete 2020 tax return by Oct. 15, 2021, as well as\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2022/10/california-gas-rebate-4/\">other factors including income and residency\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-are-the-gas-rebates-the-same-as-the-inflation-relief-payments\">Are the ‘gas rebates’ the same as the ‘inflation relief’ payments?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Basically, yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea of financial relief for high gas prices was\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/03/gov-newsom-speech/\">\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>floated by Newsom\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>in March. As the proposal developed, it was sometimes referred to as a gas rebate or refund, and sometimes referred to as an inflation relief payment. The official name it ultimately got was the Middle Class Tax Refund. In most cases, those terms are all referring to payments that started going out in October to offset the high price of gas and other goods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One wrinkle: In the wake of a recent uptick in the price of California gas, Newsom proposed a\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.gov.ca.gov/2022/09/30/governor-newsom-calls-for-a-windfall-tax-to-put-record-oil-profits-back-in-californians-pockets/\">new tax on oil companies\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>in late September and called for a special legislative session in December to discuss the idea. His proposal is to turn the funds generated from that tax into\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/politics/2022/10/newsom-gas-rebate-special-session/\">a refund or rebate for people affected by high gas prices\u003c/a>, so that’s another gas rebate you might hear about, but it hasn’t happened yet.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside>\u003c/aside>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-are-these-payments-taxable\">Are these payments taxable?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The payments won’t be taxable for California state income tax purposes, says Franchise Tax Board spokesperson Catalina Martinez. Martinez said the board would be issuing 1099-MISC forms to people receiving payments of more than $600.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the federal government will tax these payments is less clear. “That’s an issue where individuals should check with your local tax preparer,” said H.D. Palmer, spokesperson for California’s Department of Finance.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-why-can-t-you-file-something-now-to-get-the-payment-if-you-didn-t-file-a-2020-tax-return\">Why can’t you file something now to get the payment if you didn’t file a 2020 tax return?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Some people earn little enough income that they aren’t required to file taxes. That includes some\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2022/07/california-gas-rebate-2/\">seniors and disabled people\u003c/a>, as well as some people with very low incomes. Unfortunately, if you didn’t file a 2020 tax return by the deadline, you aren’t eligible for this payment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can’t file anything retroactively to receive the payment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the state allowed people to file amended tax returns, for example, that would have taken more time — both for people to file, and for the state to process — and would have opened up “concerns regarding potential fraud,” said Palmer of the Department of Finance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Basing the payments on previously submitted returns, and documentation that has “already been processed and validated by the [Franchise Tax Board] significantly eliminates the possibility of fraud,” Palmer said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-why-is-your-2020-tax-return-important-why-not-2021\">Why is your 2020 tax return important? Why not 2021?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are two main reasons why the 2020 tax return was chosen, Palmer said. One is that the 2020 tax filing is completely done, whereas tax filing and processing for 2021 is ongoing. (The extension deadline for 2021 tax returns was October 17).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The other reason, Palmer said, is that the tax board “received roughly half a million more low-income tax returns than usual in 2020, since more households filed tax returns to take advantage of pandemic-related assistance.” So, by using the 2020 return, California will be able to reach several hundred thousand more people with these payments, according to Palmer.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2 id=\"h-what-happens-if-you-were-married-when-you-filed-your-2020-tax-return-and-filed-it-jointly-but-have-since-gotten-divorced\">What happens if you were married when you filed your 2020 tax return and filed it jointly, but have since gotten divorced?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Your tax return for 2020 is important for these payments —\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/economy/2022/10/california-gas-rebate-4/\">without one, you aren’t eligible\u003c/a>. Plus, the adjusted gross income reported on your 2020 return will factor into how much money you get. The payments are being sent out either as direct deposits or debit cards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you were part of a couple that filed a 2020 tax return jointly, but have since separated or gotten divorced, you will still be issued one debit card jointly with your former spouse or partner, with both names on it, said Martinez. That card would be sent to the most recent address the tax board has on file for the first person named on the 2020 return.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If your address has changed since you last filed California taxes, you can update your address through\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.ftb.ca.gov/myftb/\">MyFTB\u003c/a>\u003cspan class=\"apple-converted-space\"> \u003c/span>or by dialing (800) 542-9332, according to Martinez.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Same goes for direct deposit: If you filed a 2020 tax return with a partner or spouse you’ve since separated from, the deposit will go to the bank account of the first person named on the 2020 tax return, Martinez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this situation the formerly coupled taxpayers “should work together to ensure proper handling of the (Middle Class Tax Refund) payment,” said Martinez in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Are you eligible?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>To be eligible, you need to have filed a 2020 California tax return by Oct. 15, 2021. There’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftb.ca.gov/about-ftb/newsroom/middle-class-tax-refund/index.html#Note\">an exception\u003c/a> for people who did not file by the October deadline because they were waiting on an \u003ca href=\"https://www.irs.gov/individuals/individual-taxpayer-identification-number\">individual taxpayer identification number\u003c/a> (so long as they filed by Feb. 15, 2022).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who didn’t file taxes for 2020, including some seniors and disabled people, will be left out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who can be claimed as dependents for tax purposes won’t get their own payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The payments also won’t go to people who are married or in domestic partnerships who have an adjusted gross income over $500,000. Same goes for many individuals who have adjusted gross incomes over $250,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You also had to be a California resident for at least six months of 2020, and be a resident when your payment is issued.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Undocumented Californians with a valid taxpayer number or Social Security number, who filed complete 2020 tax returns and meet all the eligibility requirements, can receive the payments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You don’t need to send any additional forms or fill out any application to get the payment.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How will you get the payment?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>People who are eligible for the payment will get it either via a direct deposit to their bank account or by mailed debit card, according to the tax board. Generally, people who filed their 2020 tax return online and received their state tax refund via direct deposit will get a direct deposit. Most other people who are eligible will get debit cards in the mail. The envelope will be clearly marked with the phrase “Middle Class Tax Refund.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>When will you get the payment?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The first round of payments will go to people who received one of the two Golden State stimulus payments from 2021 and are eligible for a direct deposit. The first round of payments are expected to go out between October 7 and October 25.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rest of the direct deposits are expected to go out between October 28 and November 14. The tax board expects 90% of direct deposits to be sent out in October, according to its website.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debit cards for people who got one of the Golden State stimulus payments are expected to be mailed out between October 25 and December 10. All of the remaining debit cards are expected to be mailed by January 15.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why can’t they all be sent out at once?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>“There are constraints on the number of direct deposits and mailed debit cards that can be issued weekly,” Franchise Tax Board spokesperson Andrew LePage told CalMatters. “Logistically it takes time to deliver approximately 18 million payments to Californians effectively and accurately, protecting both taxpayers and California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How much will you get?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Franchise Tax Board has information, as well as a customer help line, which can be reached by dialing (800) 542-9332. The help line has assistance in English, Spanish, Mandarin, Hindi, Vietnamese, Korean and Punjabi. The board says other languages may be supported by request. You can also access the FTB’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.ftb.ca.gov/about-ftb/newsroom/middle-class-tax-refund/middle-class-tax-refund-estimator.html\">Middle Class Tax Refund Estimator\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "some-key-questions-about-prop-30-answered",
"title": "Some Key Questions About Prop. 30 Answered",
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"headTitle": "Some Key Questions About Prop. 30 Answered | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>Californians are just weeks away from voting on Proposition 30 in November. The plan to raise the income tax on Californians who make more than $2 million by 1.75% each year to pay for electric-vehicle incentives and wildfire prevention has split Democrats from Gov. Gavin Newsom, their standard-bearer in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State analysts estimate that the new tax on the state’s wealthiest would raise between $3.5 billion and $5 billion annually, growing over time until it expires in 2043.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposition requires that the state spend 80% of that revenue on EV rebates, to help people, businesses and government pay for electric trucks, cars and buses, and to pay for the installation of charging stations in public and in homes and apartment buildings. The remainder would be spent on hiring and training firefighters, and other wildfire mitigation measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why is the EV-loving Newsom opposing this measure?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Newsom has vocally and publicly opposed the proposition, “warning” Californians not to be “fooled” by the campaign in support. He called it a “Trojan horse” and a “cynical scheme.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His opposition surprised a lot of his fellow Democrats. Investing in electric vehicles is a top priority of his administration. He ordered the state to phase out the sale of new gasoline-powered cars by 2035 and said he wants to “\u003ca href=\"https://wamu.org/story/20/09/24/california-governor-on-his-order-to-ban-sale-of-new-gasoline-vehicles-by-2035/\">accelerate investment, accelerate innovation, research, development, accelerate manufacturing\u003c/a>” in that industry.[aside postID=news_11926998 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/RS32599_ElectricCars_AW_03-qut-1020x680.jpg']So why is he opposing? He has said that the plan is unnecessary, pointing to the fact that the state invested billions of dollars this year on clean car rebates, electric vehicle chargers and other transportation projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In opposing Proposition 30, Newsom villainized Lyft, saying the ride-hailing company “devised” the measure to “funnel state income tax to benefit their company.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft certainly has skin in this game — and has dumped, at this writing, more than\u003ca href=\"https://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1443818&session=2021&view=received\"> $45 million into the Yes on 30 campaign\u003c/a>. Last year, California required that nearly all trips on ride-hailing platforms be in electric vehicles by the end of this decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 30 doesn’t mention the company’s name, nor would it funnel money directly to it. But it would make electric vehicles cheaper for its drivers (and all Californians) and pay to install public charging stations that these cars would use.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Did Lyft devise the measure to direct state tax money its way?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Newsom has claimed that Proposition 30 was “devised by a single corporation” (read: Lyft).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the measure was actually designed by a coalition of environmental and other advocacy groups, including the Natural Resources Defense Council, SPUR and other groups. (Environmental attorneys told The Sacramento Bee that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/article266237371.html\">Lyft was involved in drafting the measure\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are receipts here. Back in 2020, Denny Zane, former mayor of Santa Monica and head of Move LA, a transit advocacy group based around Los Angeles, hosted a series of events about air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one event, he asked state climate leaders, including Mary Nichols, Newsom’s former top air regulator, this question: \u003ca href=\"https://www.movela.org/climate_change_the_zoom_series\">If you had $30 billion to spend fighting climate change, what would you do?\u003c/a> Many responded by saying they would invest in electric vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zane has a long history of pushing Californians to raise taxes to pay for clean transportation. He persuaded Los Angeles voters to pass a sales tax hike to pay for public transit with \u003ca href=\"https://www.metro.net/about/measure-r/\">Measure R\u003c/a> in 2008 and again with \u003ca href=\"https://www.metro.net/about/measure-m/\">Measure M\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We went to the ballot and it worked,” Zane told KQED in an interview. “LA now has about $120 billion over the next 40 years coming to invest in transportation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He thought Newsom would be a partner on a statewide version.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We finally had somebody who was going to help back the signature drive,” he said. “Suddenly, it’s like a scheme. That’s just wrong. It’s just a mistake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft President John Zimmer has also pushed back on Newsom’s assertion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about the health of our neighbors and communities,” he said. “That’s why we agreed to get involved when environmental leaders approached us with their plan to reduce California emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How would it affect the state’s finances?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s opposition has him siding with conservatives and anti-tax groups like the California Chamber of Commerce and the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They point out that the state already has the highest income tax rate in the country. But they also argue that it could disrupt the state’s notoriously complicated finances, in a couple of ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember, the measure would raise the income tax only on the state’s wealthiest, many of whom rely on the stock market and other investments for their income. Their taxes can fluctuate widely, and one strong recession could crater the program; that’s one reason the LA Times editorial board issued an \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2022-09-20/endorsement-no-on-proposition-30\">endorsement for No on Prop. 30\u003c/a>. “It doesn’t make sense to pin another priority on such a volatile funding stream,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, California’s constitution limits how much the state can spend, and it has reached that limit in recent years. Here, the measure could have another unintended consequence, as it requires California to spend more money, up to $3 billion each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003cbr>\nCalifornia’s Legislative Analyst’s Office found that the proposition could “require the state to reduce an equal amount of spending from other programs to ‘make room’ for the new required spending on ZEV [zero-emission vehicle] programs and wildfire activities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Would the measure help the state reduce its greenhouse gas emissions?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Yes on 30 campaign has trotted out prominent Democrats like Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf, who supports the measure, at a series of campaign events around the state. They note that California’s top source of greenhouse gas emissions is transportation and argue that climate change and air pollution are killing Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prop. 30 is an innovative measure that all Californians must support, as if their lives depend on it,” Schaaf said at a campaign kickoff event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the main impact of the measure, if it were to pass, would not be to increase the number of electric vehicles on the road — although, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/environment/newsletter/2022-10-13/how-proposition-30-could-help-california-tackle-climate-change-boiling-point\">as Sammy Roth wrote in The LA Times, the measure “could definitely speed things up.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, the state’s powerful Air Resources Board passed California’s new EV mandate, which bans the sale of gasoline-powered cars and trucks in the state after 2035.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s new mandate requires a significant increase in the number of electric cars sold in California, no matter what happens with Proposition 30 in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the measure passes, it would shift who pays for the vehicles, moving some cost onto higher-income taxpayers and away from consumers or carmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was made possible as part of The California Newsroom, a collaboration of California’s public radio stations, NPR and CalMatters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The plan to raise the income tax on Californians who make more than $2 million by 1.75% each year to pay for electric-vehicle incentives and wildfire prevention has split Democrats and Gov. Gavin Newsom.",
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"title": "Some Key Questions About Prop. 30 Answered | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Californians are just weeks away from voting on Proposition 30 in November. The plan to raise the income tax on Californians who make more than $2 million by 1.75% each year to pay for electric-vehicle incentives and wildfire prevention has split Democrats from Gov. Gavin Newsom, their standard-bearer in Sacramento.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State analysts estimate that the new tax on the state’s wealthiest would raise between $3.5 billion and $5 billion annually, growing over time until it expires in 2043.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposition requires that the state spend 80% of that revenue on EV rebates, to help people, businesses and government pay for electric trucks, cars and buses, and to pay for the installation of charging stations in public and in homes and apartment buildings. The remainder would be spent on hiring and training firefighters, and other wildfire mitigation measures.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Why is the EV-loving Newsom opposing this measure?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Newsom has vocally and publicly opposed the proposition, “warning” Californians not to be “fooled” by the campaign in support. He called it a “Trojan horse” and a “cynical scheme.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His opposition surprised a lot of his fellow Democrats. Investing in electric vehicles is a top priority of his administration. He ordered the state to phase out the sale of new gasoline-powered cars by 2035 and said he wants to “\u003ca href=\"https://wamu.org/story/20/09/24/california-governor-on-his-order-to-ban-sale-of-new-gasoline-vehicles-by-2035/\">accelerate investment, accelerate innovation, research, development, accelerate manufacturing\u003c/a>” in that industry.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>So why is he opposing? He has said that the plan is unnecessary, pointing to the fact that the state invested billions of dollars this year on clean car rebates, electric vehicle chargers and other transportation projects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In opposing Proposition 30, Newsom villainized Lyft, saying the ride-hailing company “devised” the measure to “funnel state income tax to benefit their company.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft certainly has skin in this game — and has dumped, at this writing, more than\u003ca href=\"https://cal-access.sos.ca.gov/Campaign/Committees/Detail.aspx?id=1443818&session=2021&view=received\"> $45 million into the Yes on 30 campaign\u003c/a>. Last year, California required that nearly all trips on ride-hailing platforms be in electric vehicles by the end of this decade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proposition 30 doesn’t mention the company’s name, nor would it funnel money directly to it. But it would make electric vehicles cheaper for its drivers (and all Californians) and pay to install public charging stations that these cars would use.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Did Lyft devise the measure to direct state tax money its way?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Newsom has claimed that Proposition 30 was “devised by a single corporation” (read: Lyft).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the measure was actually designed by a coalition of environmental and other advocacy groups, including the Natural Resources Defense Council, SPUR and other groups. (Environmental attorneys told The Sacramento Bee that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/article266237371.html\">Lyft was involved in drafting the measure\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are receipts here. Back in 2020, Denny Zane, former mayor of Santa Monica and head of Move LA, a transit advocacy group based around Los Angeles, hosted a series of events about air pollution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At one event, he asked state climate leaders, including Mary Nichols, Newsom’s former top air regulator, this question: \u003ca href=\"https://www.movela.org/climate_change_the_zoom_series\">If you had $30 billion to spend fighting climate change, what would you do?\u003c/a> Many responded by saying they would invest in electric vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zane has a long history of pushing Californians to raise taxes to pay for clean transportation. He persuaded Los Angeles voters to pass a sales tax hike to pay for public transit with \u003ca href=\"https://www.metro.net/about/measure-r/\">Measure R\u003c/a> in 2008 and again with \u003ca href=\"https://www.metro.net/about/measure-m/\">Measure M\u003c/a> in 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We went to the ballot and it worked,” Zane told KQED in an interview. “LA now has about $120 billion over the next 40 years coming to invest in transportation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He thought Newsom would be a partner on a statewide version.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We finally had somebody who was going to help back the signature drive,” he said. “Suddenly, it’s like a scheme. That’s just wrong. It’s just a mistake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft President John Zimmer has also pushed back on Newsom’s assertion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is about the health of our neighbors and communities,” he said. “That’s why we agreed to get involved when environmental leaders approached us with their plan to reduce California emissions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How would it affect the state’s finances?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Newsom’s opposition has him siding with conservatives and anti-tax groups like the California Chamber of Commerce and the Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They point out that the state already has the highest income tax rate in the country. But they also argue that it could disrupt the state’s notoriously complicated finances, in a couple of ways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remember, the measure would raise the income tax only on the state’s wealthiest, many of whom rely on the stock market and other investments for their income. Their taxes can fluctuate widely, and one strong recession could crater the program; that’s one reason the LA Times editorial board issued an \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/opinion/story/2022-09-20/endorsement-no-on-proposition-30\">endorsement for No on Prop. 30\u003c/a>. “It doesn’t make sense to pin another priority on such a volatile funding stream,” they wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Also, California’s constitution limits how much the state can spend, and it has reached that limit in recent years. Here, the measure could have another unintended consequence, as it requires California to spend more money, up to $3 billion each year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cbr>\nCalifornia’s Legislative Analyst’s Office found that the proposition could “require the state to reduce an equal amount of spending from other programs to ‘make room’ for the new required spending on ZEV [zero-emission vehicle] programs and wildfire activities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Would the measure help the state reduce its greenhouse gas emissions?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The Yes on 30 campaign has trotted out prominent Democrats like Oakland Mayor Libby Schaaf, who supports the measure, at a series of campaign events around the state. They note that California’s top source of greenhouse gas emissions is transportation and argue that climate change and air pollution are killing Californians.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Prop. 30 is an innovative measure that all Californians must support, as if their lives depend on it,” Schaaf said at a campaign kickoff event.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the main impact of the measure, if it were to pass, would not be to increase the number of electric vehicles on the road — although, \u003ca href=\"https://www.latimes.com/environment/newsletter/2022-10-13/how-proposition-30-could-help-california-tackle-climate-change-boiling-point\">as Sammy Roth wrote in The LA Times, the measure “could definitely speed things up.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, the state’s powerful Air Resources Board passed California’s new EV mandate, which bans the sale of gasoline-powered cars and trucks in the state after 2035.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state’s new mandate requires a significant increase in the number of electric cars sold in California, no matter what happens with Proposition 30 in November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the measure passes, it would shift who pays for the vehicles, moving some cost onto higher-income taxpayers and away from consumers or carmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was made possible as part of The California Newsroom, a collaboration of California’s public radio stations, NPR and CalMatters.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "sf-supervisors-challenge-mayor-breed-and-the-navy-to-bolster-protections-at-bayview-hunters-point",
"title": "SF Supervisors Challenge Mayor Breed and the Navy to Bolster Protections at Bayview-Hunters Point",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 5 p.m. Thursday, October 6: \u003c/strong>A government oversight committee with San Francisco’s Board of Supervisors recommended Thursday that the city strengthen protections against climate change-fueled flooding in the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several members of the board said they will pursue an independent task force over the next 18 months to examine how rising groundwater could mix with contaminants and expose the community of more than 35,000 people to toxic water and fumes. They also say an independent study conducted by outside researchers is needed to understand the issue fully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not just about Bayview-Hunters Point,” Supervisor Connie Chan said. “It is to help us think about and question the future of San Francisco in terms of our waterfront areas and how we protect our residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recommendations will now be taken up for consideration by the full board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency officials sent a memo to the nonprofit group Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility, or PEER, that said \u003ca href=\"https://peer.org/epa-says-hunters-point-will-never-be-fully-cleaned/\">the agency plans to allow much of the toxic contamination to remain forever underground \u003c/a>with potential land use restrictions and caps over toxics. But community groups and residents say they want all the contamination removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo seemed to contradict what Angeles Herrera, assistant director for Region 9 of the EPA, told the supervisors in late September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bottom line is that EPA will not commit to the full cleanup of Hunters Point,” said Jeff Ruch, PEER’s director, in a statement. “As things stand now, the plan at Hunters Point is to pave over contamination rather than remove it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need a full cleanup of the shipyard and all those contaminants, toxins and radioactive elements removed,” said Bayview resident Blair Sandler, “so that kids and pets can play and that food can be grown in people’s yards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents asked the board to add language to require a full cleanup into its recommendations. They declined, but at the end of Thursday’s hearing Supervisor Dean Preston told community members the discussion is far from over and that the board will consider other issues related to the shipyard in the near term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post, 2:24 p.m. October 1: \u003c/strong>Several members of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, including its president, Shamann Walton, are challenging Mayor London Breed in an effort to bolster protections against climate change-fueled flooding for residents of Bayview-Hunters Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Walton, who is pursuing an independent commission to make sure that happens, also urged U.S. Environmental Protection Agency officials Thursday, during an oversight committee hearing at City Hall, to compel the Navy to update the climate science it uses to inform the toxic cleanup at the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, an 866-acre federal Superfund site the EPA has \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">designated as highly contaminated with hazardous waste. Radioactive contamination remains buried in the soil along the edge of Bayview-Hunters Point, on the city’s southeast shoreline, among the most polluted areas of the entire San Francisco Bay.[aside label='Related Coverage' tag='superfund']\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In June, the San Francisco civil grand jury found the city, the Navy and the regulators overseeing the site had\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/2022%20CGJ%20Report_Buried%20Problems%20and%20a%20Buried%20Process%20-%20The%20Hunters%20Point%20Naval%20Shipyard%20in%20a%20Time%20of%20Climate%20Change.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> not adequately accounted for how rising groundwater could mix with toxics and expose residents to contamination\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. With the pace and scale of climate change, Bay Area climate scientists are increasingly worried the worst-case scenarios will become a reality, which could mean inundation of toxic sites from both above and below.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The report seemed to confirm what Bayview-Hunters Point residents have long been saying: that the city is not acting fast enough on the issue.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">San Francisco’s supervisors said they agree with most of the jury’s findings and have expressed frustration with the city’s lack of action on the issue. Walton would like to secure resources for an independent commission and a fast-tracked, third-party study of how groundwater rise could impact the Superfund site and the community. He would also like the city and all federal agencies involved to increase oversight of the cleanup to protect the health of residents.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Groundwater and sea level rise has not been afforded the level of review and research necessary to protect residents of the shipyard, and understanding the additional science is important to keeping people safe,” Walton said during Thursday’s hearing. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tom Paulino, the mayor’s liaison to the Board of Supervisors,\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> reiterated the mayor’s objections to the report \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">when pressed at Thursday’s hearing\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Breed has said she mostly disagrees with its findings and argues that the city is working with regulators, the Navy and other experts on a response to the climate threat that is “robust and appropriate.” A five-year Navy review of the Superfund site beginning in March 2023 could include updated climate science. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Paulino said “additional elements of oversight” aren’t needed and would be “duplicative” of the existing structures in place. He noted the mayor’s team is willing to work collaboratively with the Board on the issue.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11927447\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11927447\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS50006_047_SanFrancisco_JuneteenthKickoffRally_06172021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A man in a suit with a blue tie speaks at a rally in front of a microphone.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS50006_047_SanFrancisco_JuneteenthKickoffRally_06172021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS50006_047_SanFrancisco_JuneteenthKickoffRally_06172021-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS50006_047_SanFrancisco_JuneteenthKickoffRally_06172021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS50006_047_SanFrancisco_JuneteenthKickoffRally_06172021-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS50006_047_SanFrancisco_JuneteenthKickoffRally_06172021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Board of Supervisors President Shamann Walton and his fellow supervisors are challenging Mayor Breed and the Navy over Bayview-Hunters Point. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The jury recommended the city pay for an independent study, using multiple sea-level-rise scenarios, to determine how groundwater rise could affect toxic contamination in the soil at the Superfund site. Its report also recommended convening a permanent oversight committee to examine and question decisions about the cleanup, and communicate requests from residents and the city to the Navy and regulators. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sara Miles, a member of the jury, said she’s happy the Board of Supervisors is taking the report seriously.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There’s no way to erase or make good all the harm that has been done,” she said, noting\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979614/for-these-black-bayview-hunters-point-residents-reparations-include-safeguarding-against-rising-toxic-contamination\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that local doctors have found contamination in resident’s bodies.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “We’re getting somewhere. President Walton wants to take some responsibility. I think that’s good.”\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bayview community members have also pressed city leaders to take action. Arieann Harrison, an organizer with the Marie Harrison Community Foundation, said that the board is taking a step in the right direction to protect residents, but that more work is needed. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It’s time to take it to big wigs,” she said. “We need our Nancy Pelosi’s to come and speak to the issue too. We need them to stop skipping past our community like we are invisible.”\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Hunters Point Biomonitoring Foundation tested the urine of Harrison and other residents in the past three years and found high levels of contaminants such as uranium, although those tests were not independently confirmed by the health officials. “If I tested positive for that stuff, I’m pretty sure that a lot of other residents will test positive as well,” she said.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Shamann Walton, president, SF Board of Supervisors\"]‘Groundwater and sea level rise has not been afforded the level of review and research necessary to protect residents of the shipyard, and understanding the additional science is important to keeping people safe.’[/pullquote]In recent decades the Navy has partially cleaned up the Superfund site and is preparing it for eventual development into a sweeping new neighborhood with mixed-use construction of businesses, research institutions and thousands of homes.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The board invited Navy officials but they declined saying in a letter that they disagree with the jury’s report and have accounted for both sea level rise and groundwater rise at the site. The Navy is “methodical in its cleanup approach, which is based on the best available data, science and engineering,” the letter said. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The letter stated that the next five-year review will “include an evaluation of the potential effects of sea level rise and associated groundwater elevation changes on the remedies currently in place.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“While we appreciate the written responses, it is unfortunate that the regulatory bodies, as well as the Navy, cannot be here to present the data in person,” Supervisor Connie Chan said at the early September hearing.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At Thursday’s hearing, Angeles Herrera, assistant director for Region 9 of the EPA, said the agency will “set the expectation for the Navy” that it must examine the most up-to-date climate science of how rising water could move toxics around the site and into the community. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Residents have long complained about the Navy’s lack of transparency on the cleanup. At Thursday’s hearing, Walton pressed Herrera on how far the EPA will go to push the Navy if it does not cooperate. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“If we have to go to the Pentagon, we’ll go to the Pentagon to bring up these issues, and to make sure that what is done at the site is protective of human health and the environment,” Herrera said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Walton said he is pushing for a 100% clean-up of the site before the land is allowed to be redeveloped into housing or businesses. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In mid-September, at Chan’s behest, San Francisco’s deputy city attorney determined that the board has the power to subpoena the Navy officials, but advised against it, given the lengthy and time-consuming process. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The board’s recommendations will be discussed at the Oct.\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sfbos.org/sites/default/files/gao100622_agenda.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 6 Government Audit and Oversight Committee meeting\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "Members of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, including its president, Shamann Walton, are challenging Mayor London Breed in an effort to bolster protections against climate change-fueled flooding for residents of Bayview-Hunters Point.",
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"title": "SF Supervisors Challenge Mayor Breed and the Navy to Bolster Protections at Bayview-Hunters Point | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 5 p.m. Thursday, October 6: \u003c/strong>A government oversight committee with San Francisco’s Board of Supervisors recommended Thursday that the city strengthen protections against climate change-fueled flooding in the Bayview-Hunters Point neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several members of the board said they will pursue an independent task force over the next 18 months to examine how rising groundwater could mix with contaminants and expose the community of more than 35,000 people to toxic water and fumes. They also say an independent study conducted by outside researchers is needed to understand the issue fully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not just about Bayview-Hunters Point,” Supervisor Connie Chan said. “It is to help us think about and question the future of San Francisco in terms of our waterfront areas and how we protect our residents.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recommendations will now be taken up for consideration by the full board.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency officials sent a memo to the nonprofit group Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility, or PEER, that said \u003ca href=\"https://peer.org/epa-says-hunters-point-will-never-be-fully-cleaned/\">the agency plans to allow much of the toxic contamination to remain forever underground \u003c/a>with potential land use restrictions and caps over toxics. But community groups and residents say they want all the contamination removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The memo seemed to contradict what Angeles Herrera, assistant director for Region 9 of the EPA, told the supervisors in late September.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The bottom line is that EPA will not commit to the full cleanup of Hunters Point,” said Jeff Ruch, PEER’s director, in a statement. “As things stand now, the plan at Hunters Point is to pave over contamination rather than remove it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We need a full cleanup of the shipyard and all those contaminants, toxins and radioactive elements removed,” said Bayview resident Blair Sandler, “so that kids and pets can play and that food can be grown in people’s yards.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents asked the board to add language to require a full cleanup into its recommendations. They declined, but at the end of Thursday’s hearing Supervisor Dean Preston told community members the discussion is far from over and that the board will consider other issues related to the shipyard in the near term.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post, 2:24 p.m. October 1: \u003c/strong>Several members of the San Francisco Board of Supervisors, including its president, Shamann Walton, are challenging Mayor London Breed in an effort to bolster protections against climate change-fueled flooding for residents of Bayview-Hunters Point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Walton, who is pursuing an independent commission to make sure that happens, also urged U.S. Environmental Protection Agency officials Thursday, during an oversight committee hearing at City Hall, to compel the Navy to update the climate science it uses to inform the toxic cleanup at the Hunters Point Naval Shipyard, an 866-acre federal Superfund site the EPA has \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">designated as highly contaminated with hazardous waste. Radioactive contamination remains buried in the soil along the edge of Bayview-Hunters Point, on the city’s southeast shoreline, among the most polluted areas of the entire San Francisco Bay.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In June, the San Francisco civil grand jury found the city, the Navy and the regulators overseeing the site had\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://civilgrandjury.sfgov.org/2021_2022/2022%20CGJ%20Report_Buried%20Problems%20and%20a%20Buried%20Process%20-%20The%20Hunters%20Point%20Naval%20Shipyard%20in%20a%20Time%20of%20Climate%20Change.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> not adequately accounted for how rising groundwater could mix with toxics and expose residents to contamination\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. With the pace and scale of climate change, Bay Area climate scientists are increasingly worried the worst-case scenarios will become a reality, which could mean inundation of toxic sites from both above and below.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The report seemed to confirm what Bayview-Hunters Point residents have long been saying: that the city is not acting fast enough on the issue.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">San Francisco’s supervisors said they agree with most of the jury’s findings and have expressed frustration with the city’s lack of action on the issue. Walton would like to secure resources for an independent commission and a fast-tracked, third-party study of how groundwater rise could impact the Superfund site and the community. He would also like the city and all federal agencies involved to increase oversight of the cleanup to protect the health of residents.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“Groundwater and sea level rise has not been afforded the level of review and research necessary to protect residents of the shipyard, and understanding the additional science is important to keeping people safe,” Walton said during Thursday’s hearing. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tom Paulino, the mayor’s liaison to the Board of Supervisors,\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> reiterated the mayor’s objections to the report \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">when pressed at Thursday’s hearing\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Breed has said she mostly disagrees with its findings and argues that the city is working with regulators, the Navy and other experts on a response to the climate threat that is “robust and appropriate.” A five-year Navy review of the Superfund site beginning in March 2023 could include updated climate science. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Paulino said “additional elements of oversight” aren’t needed and would be “duplicative” of the existing structures in place. He noted the mayor’s team is willing to work collaboratively with the Board on the issue.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11927447\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11927447\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS50006_047_SanFrancisco_JuneteenthKickoffRally_06172021-qut-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"A man in a suit with a blue tie speaks at a rally in front of a microphone.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS50006_047_SanFrancisco_JuneteenthKickoffRally_06172021-qut-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS50006_047_SanFrancisco_JuneteenthKickoffRally_06172021-qut-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS50006_047_SanFrancisco_JuneteenthKickoffRally_06172021-qut-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS50006_047_SanFrancisco_JuneteenthKickoffRally_06172021-qut-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/10/RS50006_047_SanFrancisco_JuneteenthKickoffRally_06172021-qut.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">San Francisco Board of Supervisors President Shamann Walton and his fellow supervisors are challenging Mayor Breed and the Navy over Bayview-Hunters Point. \u003ccite>(Beth LaBerge/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The jury recommended the city pay for an independent study, using multiple sea-level-rise scenarios, to determine how groundwater rise could affect toxic contamination in the soil at the Superfund site. Its report also recommended convening a permanent oversight committee to examine and question decisions about the cleanup, and communicate requests from residents and the city to the Navy and regulators. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Sara Miles, a member of the jury, said she’s happy the Board of Supervisors is taking the report seriously.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“There’s no way to erase or make good all the harm that has been done,” she said, noting\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/science/1979614/for-these-black-bayview-hunters-point-residents-reparations-include-safeguarding-against-rising-toxic-contamination\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> that local doctors have found contamination in resident’s bodies.\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> “We’re getting somewhere. President Walton wants to take some responsibility. I think that’s good.”\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Bayview community members have also pressed city leaders to take action. Arieann Harrison, an organizer with the Marie Harrison Community Foundation, said that the board is taking a step in the right direction to protect residents, but that more work is needed. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“It’s time to take it to big wigs,” she said. “We need our Nancy Pelosi’s to come and speak to the issue too. We need them to stop skipping past our community like we are invisible.”\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The Hunters Point Biomonitoring Foundation tested the urine of Harrison and other residents in the past three years and found high levels of contaminants such as uranium, although those tests were not independently confirmed by the health officials. “If I tested positive for that stuff, I’m pretty sure that a lot of other residents will test positive as well,” she said.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>In recent decades the Navy has partially cleaned up the Superfund site and is preparing it for eventual development into a sweeping new neighborhood with mixed-use construction of businesses, research institutions and thousands of homes.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The board invited Navy officials but they declined saying in a letter that they disagree with the jury’s report and have accounted for both sea level rise and groundwater rise at the site. The Navy is “methodical in its cleanup approach, which is based on the best available data, science and engineering,” the letter said. \u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The letter stated that the next five-year review will “include an evaluation of the potential effects of sea level rise and associated groundwater elevation changes on the remedies currently in place.”\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“While we appreciate the written responses, it is unfortunate that the regulatory bodies, as well as the Navy, cannot be here to present the data in person,” Supervisor Connie Chan said at the early September hearing.\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cbr>\n\u003c/span>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">At Thursday’s hearing, Angeles Herrera, assistant director for Region 9 of the EPA, said the agency will “set the expectation for the Navy” that it must examine the most up-to-date climate science of how rising water could move toxics around the site and into the community. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Residents have long complained about the Navy’s lack of transparency on the cleanup. At Thursday’s hearing, Walton pressed Herrera on how far the EPA will go to push the Navy if it does not cooperate. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">“If we have to go to the Pentagon, we’ll go to the Pentagon to bring up these issues, and to make sure that what is done at the site is protective of human health and the environment,” Herrera said. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Walton said he is pushing for a 100% clean-up of the site before the land is allowed to be redeveloped into housing or businesses. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">In mid-September, at Chan’s behest, San Francisco’s deputy city attorney determined that the board has the power to subpoena the Navy officials, but advised against it, given the lengthy and time-consuming process. \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">The board’s recommendations will be discussed at the Oct.\u003c/span>\u003ca href=\"https://sfbos.org/sites/default/files/gao100622_agenda.pdf\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\"> 6 Government Audit and Oversight Committee meeting\u003c/span>\u003c/a>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"headTitle": "CALmatters | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>As California’s 2022 water year ends this week, the parched state is bracing for another dry year — its fourth in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, in California’s recorded history, six previous droughts have lasted four or more years, two of them in the past 35 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite some rain in September, weather watchers \u003ca href=\"https://drought.ca.gov/media/2022/09/Weekly-CA-Drought-Update-09192022-FINAL.pdf\">expect a hot and dry fall\u003c/a>, and warn that this winter \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/long_range/seasonal.php?lead=3\">could bring warm temperatures and below-average precipitation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conditions are shaping up to be a “recipe for drought”: a La Niña climate pattern plus warm temperatures in the western tropical Pacific that could mean that critical rain and snowstorms miss California, according to \u003ca href=\"https://weatherwest.com/about\">Daniel Swain\u003c/a>, a climate scientist with UCLA and The Nature Conservancy.[aside label='Related Articles' tag='water']Swain said California’s fate will depend on how exactly the storm track shifts, and that seasonal forecasts are inherently uncertain. Even so, “I would still put my money on dry, even in the northern third of the state,” he said. “It’s not a guarantee. But if you were to see 50 winters like this one, most of them would be dry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through August, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/cag/statewide/time-series/4/pcp/36/8/1895-2022?base_prd=true&begbaseyear=1895&endbaseyear=2022\">no other three-year period in California history\u003c/a> has been this dry — even during the last historic drought from \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Water-Basics/Drought/Files/Publications-And-Reports/CNRA-Drought-Report-final-March-2021.pdf\">2012 through 2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Or did the last drought end? Which is the bigger question,” said \u003ca href=\"https://snri.ucmerced.edu/content/john-abatzoglou\">John Abatzoglou\u003c/a>, professor of climatology at UC Merced. “We’re basically having droughts that are disrupted by wet periods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has seen lengthy droughts before, including two seven-year droughts that started in the late 1920s and 1940s. A more recent one lasted six years, from 1987 to 1992.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To get these kinds of years, we have to go back to the late 1920s and the 1930s, which were \u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/great-depression-and-world-war-ii-1929-1945/dust-bowl/\">the Dust Bowl years\u003c/a>,” said California state climatologist \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/climate-change/document/climate-change-connections-speaker-biographies\">Michael Anderson\u003c/a>. He tallies far more dry years than wet since the turn of the millennium. “If you look at the 21st century, we really only have a handful of wet years to work with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just the lack of rain and snow. Warmer temperatures, too, are exacerbating California’s droughts. January through August ranked as \u003ca href=\"https://www.noaa.gov/news/us-sweltered-through-third-hottest-summer-on-record\">California’s fifth-warmest year to date\u003c/a>, following 2021’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.noaa.gov/news/summer-2021-neck-and-neck-with-dust-bowl-summer-for-hottest-on-record\">warmest summer on record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing that is unfortunately becoming easier to anticipate are warmer-than-average conditions due to climate change,” Swain of UCLA said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat contributes to a thirstier atmosphere, plants and soils, which increases demand and reduces runoff that flows into reservoirs. “That’s taking what’s already been a really rotten, worst-in-the-instrumental-record precipitation drought, and making it into even a worse drought,” Abatzoglou said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Winter is coming. But will it rain?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>What the coming water year, which \u003ca href=\"https://water.usgs.gov/nwc/explain_data.html\">begins October 1\u003c/a>, will bring is still up in the air. But La Niña conditions are highly likely to continue through at least the fall, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/september-2022-la-ni%C3%B1a-update-it%E2%80%99s-q-time\">an 80% chance of persisting\u003c/a> through January, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/ensodisc.shtml\">for a third year in a row\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/september-2022-la-ni%C3%B1a-update-it%E2%80%99s-q-time\">“three-peat” La Niña\u003c/a> is rare: It has happened only twice before since record-keeping began. La Niña occurs when ocean temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific are below normal, which can shift the storm track that California depends on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing things that we’ve never seen before is very much on the table,” said John Yarbrough, assistant deputy director of the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/State-Water-Project\">State Water Project\u003c/a>, which funnels water from Northern California to 27 million people and 750,000 acres of farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often La Niña means drier conditions in Southern California, but the effects on Northern California watersheds critical to the state’s water supply can be harder to predict, according to \u003ca href=\"https://cw3e.ucsd.edu/cw3e-welcomes-dr-julie-kalansky/\">Julie Kalansky\u003c/a>, deputy director of the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11927140\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11927140\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/Seasonal-Precipitation-Outlook-800x671.jpg\" alt=\"A map of the United States shows precipitation to be below average across the entire southern United States and almost all of California\" width=\"800\" height=\"671\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/Seasonal-Precipitation-Outlook-800x671.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/Seasonal-Precipitation-Outlook-1020x855.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/Seasonal-Precipitation-Outlook-160x134.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/Seasonal-Precipitation-Outlook.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With below-average precipitation expected through the coming winter, California will see drought conditions for the foreseeable future. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Every year is such a unique story for water, which makes California exciting, but it also makes it hard to predict and say what will happen,” Kalansky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What will ultimately shape the next water year is \u003ca href=\"https://cw3e.ucsd.edu/lack_of_ars_drought/\">the number of storms known as atmospheric rivers\u003c/a> that make landfall, and the amount of precipitation they unleash. The timing, too, will be important, Anderson said: when rain and snow falls can affect how much of California’s precious snowpack rushes into reservoirs or soaks into the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the water management standpoint, we’re being mindful that it very well could be dry,” Yarbrough said. “At the same time, we’ve got to be mindful that it could be very wet and you could have flooding. Both of those still are possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dry spells punctuated by wet years are part of “the California story,” Abatzoglou said. “But obviously the last decade has shifted the balance toward more droughts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What about snow?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Snow, too, is difficult to predict for the year ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely more of a guessing game. You’re just sort of crossing your fingers and hoping,” said \u003ca href=\"https://skicalifornia.org/about-ski-california/\">Michael Reitzell\u003c/a>, president of Ski California, a trade association representing resorts in Nevada and California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past year was a strange one for the ski industry, Reitzell said — marred first by wildfires that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraattahoe.com/blog/general/caldor-fire-update/\">damaged the Sierra-at-Tahoe resort\u003c/a>, then by \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Treacherous-blizzard-blowing-around-like-a-16730724.php\">extreme snowstorms at the end of December\u003c/a> that forced some resorts to close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the holiday period, some resorts lost full days that would have been huge, huge revenue days,” Reitzell said. “That certainly does put a ding in things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2022/April-22/April-2022-Snow-Survey\">snowpack measured at 38% of average statewide\u003c/a>, at a time when it should have been its deepest on April 1. It was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/04/california-sierra-snowpack/\">the worst snowpack in seven years\u003c/a> and the sixth-lowest April measurement in state history. The \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Water-Basics/Drought/Files/Publications-And-Reports/CNRA-Drought-Report-final-March-2021.pdf\">2015 snowpack was the lowest on record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11927143\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 724px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11927143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/GettyImages-1332199024.jpg\" alt=\"Lake with dry river banks around low water level and wooded hills in the background. Paved boat ramp in lower right no longer reaches water. Dirt boat ramp provides temporary access. Houseboats moored near swimming platform who's underwater anchor, which should be vertically below platform, lies exposed horizontally on dry shore.\" width=\"724\" height=\"483\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/GettyImages-1332199024.jpg 724w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/GettyImages-1332199024-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Low water level at Shasta Lake due to the multiyear drought. The lake provides recreation as well as drinking and irrigation water to locations as far as Los Angeles, 500 miles away. \u003ccite>(Nehring/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The measurement came on the heels of \u003ca href=\"https://drought.ca.gov/media/2022/09/Weekly-CA-Drought-Update-09192022-FINAL.pdf\">a record-setting dry spell from January through March\u003c/a>, with warm temperatures spurring an early season melt. This kind of early melt is difficult to recover from, said Andrew Schwartz, lead scientist and station manager at the \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/research-unit/central-sierra-snow-lab\">University of California, Berkeley’s Central Sierra Snow Lab\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our soils get dry and soak up any additional rain or snow that comes in, so that doesn’t make it to our reservoirs. And then we get these mass forest die-offs and subsequent forest fires,” Schwartz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He agreed it’s hard to say what La Niña will mean for the Sierra Nevada this winter. He said “some absolutely massive snow years” have happened during La Niña years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we’ve also had some of the worst years on record happen here. So the La Niña doesn’t look like it’s going to play too much of a role up here, because traditionally it hasn’t,” he said. “With that being said, I’m expecting drier and warmer than average conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A deep water deficit\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California is entering the next year with a water deficit unlikely to recover with an average year of precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater levels in almost two-thirds of wells assessed \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/service/document/hydroreport?_=1663956947040\">have sunk below average\u003c/a>, and by the end of August, reservoir storage had hit 69% of normal for the date. It’s an improvement over last year, when reservoir levels had dropped \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/service/document/hydroreport?_=1663956947040\">to just 60% of average\u003c/a> for the date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But reservoirs are still not where they need to be. “We’re still well below average, still well below where we would like to be,” said Yarbrough, of the State Water Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lake Oroville, \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/reportapp/javareports?name=RES\">at 1.24 million acre feet\u003c/a>, remains below the 1.6 million acre-foot threshold that managers would like to see by the end of the year before considering exports. Last year, deliveries from the State Water Project \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2021/March-21/SWP-Allocation-Update-March-23\">dropped to 5% of requested\u003c/a> supplies in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initial water allocations are expected to be announced December 1, and Yarbrough would not say what they were likely to be. Still, he said, “Do expect it to be on the lower end.”[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Ryan Jacobsen, CEO, Fresno County Farm Bureau\"]'We find ourselves going into this year with such a substantial decline over the course of the previous three years that even an average year most likely is going to mean some not good allocations to farmers down here in the Valley.'[/pullquote]The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, which operates the Central Valley Project, also would not say how much water its recipients, including Central Valley growers, can expect next year. That announcement will come in February, spokesperson Mary Lee Knecht said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ryan Jacobsen, CEO of the Fresno County Farm Bureau, is not expecting the news to be good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We find ourselves going into this year with such a substantial decline over the course of the previous three years that even an average year most likely is going to mean some not good allocations to farmers down here in the Valley,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacobsen said local growers already have cut back on plantings for fall and winter crops. He expects even more fields to be fallowed as farmers decide not to plant annual crops like tomatoes, melons and corn to preserve their scarce water supplies for permanent crops like tree nuts and grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One source of California’s water supply is in even more dire shape than in previous droughts: the Colorado River, which remained a reliable source of water supply even during California’s 2012-2016 drought. This time the river’s massive reservoirs have hit historic lows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Colorado River system is in deep crisis,” said Alex Hall, professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences at UCLA. “That means Southern California is in a more difficult position than in the past.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California’s giant water importer, the Metropolitan Water District, issued unprecedented outdoor watering restrictions last spring for the 6 million people in its vast service area that depend on supplies from the parched State Water Project. Over the last three years, the water district has received its lowest total deliveries from Northern California reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the water importer is weighing how potential future cutbacks on the Colorado River could affect the rest of its customers as California, Arizona and Nevada hash out a deal to conserve the river’s water, said Demetri Polyzos, Metropolitan’s manager of resource planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are saying, ‘Hey, we’ve gone through this before. California is used to droughts,’” Polyzos said. “That is true. But we’re seeing these things get a lot worse and worse and more difficult to manage through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is becoming increasingly clear is that the nature of drought in the West is changing from the plural to the singular as it endures for long stretches punctuated by brief spells of wet years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea of drought as a temporary, transient thing is shifting,” Swain said. “We should be thinking more about long-term aridification.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "After its driest stretch on record, California braces for another year with below-average snow and rain.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As California’s 2022 water year ends this week, the parched state is bracing for another dry year — its fourth in a row.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, in California’s recorded history, six previous droughts have lasted four or more years, two of them in the past 35 years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite some rain in September, weather watchers \u003ca href=\"https://drought.ca.gov/media/2022/09/Weekly-CA-Drought-Update-09192022-FINAL.pdf\">expect a hot and dry fall\u003c/a>, and warn that this winter \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/predictions/long_range/seasonal.php?lead=3\">could bring warm temperatures and below-average precipitation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conditions are shaping up to be a “recipe for drought”: a La Niña climate pattern plus warm temperatures in the western tropical Pacific that could mean that critical rain and snowstorms miss California, according to \u003ca href=\"https://weatherwest.com/about\">Daniel Swain\u003c/a>, a climate scientist with UCLA and The Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Swain said California’s fate will depend on how exactly the storm track shifts, and that seasonal forecasts are inherently uncertain. Even so, “I would still put my money on dry, even in the northern third of the state,” he said. “It’s not a guarantee. But if you were to see 50 winters like this one, most of them would be dry.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through August, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/cag/statewide/time-series/4/pcp/36/8/1895-2022?base_prd=true&begbaseyear=1895&endbaseyear=2022\">no other three-year period in California history\u003c/a> has been this dry — even during the last historic drought from \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Water-Basics/Drought/Files/Publications-And-Reports/CNRA-Drought-Report-final-March-2021.pdf\">2012 through 2016\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Or did the last drought end? Which is the bigger question,” said \u003ca href=\"https://snri.ucmerced.edu/content/john-abatzoglou\">John Abatzoglou\u003c/a>, professor of climatology at UC Merced. “We’re basically having droughts that are disrupted by wet periods.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has seen lengthy droughts before, including two seven-year droughts that started in the late 1920s and 1940s. A more recent one lasted six years, from 1987 to 1992.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To get these kinds of years, we have to go back to the late 1920s and the 1930s, which were \u003ca href=\"https://www.loc.gov/classroom-materials/united-states-history-primary-source-timeline/great-depression-and-world-war-ii-1929-1945/dust-bowl/\">the Dust Bowl years\u003c/a>,” said California state climatologist \u003ca href=\"https://oehha.ca.gov/climate-change/document/climate-change-connections-speaker-biographies\">Michael Anderson\u003c/a>. He tallies far more dry years than wet since the turn of the millennium. “If you look at the 21st century, we really only have a handful of wet years to work with.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not just the lack of rain and snow. Warmer temperatures, too, are exacerbating California’s droughts. January through August ranked as \u003ca href=\"https://www.noaa.gov/news/us-sweltered-through-third-hottest-summer-on-record\">California’s fifth-warmest year to date\u003c/a>, following 2021’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.noaa.gov/news/summer-2021-neck-and-neck-with-dust-bowl-summer-for-hottest-on-record\">warmest summer on record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“One thing that is unfortunately becoming easier to anticipate are warmer-than-average conditions due to climate change,” Swain of UCLA said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The heat contributes to a thirstier atmosphere, plants and soils, which increases demand and reduces runoff that flows into reservoirs. “That’s taking what’s already been a really rotten, worst-in-the-instrumental-record precipitation drought, and making it into even a worse drought,” Abatzoglou said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Winter is coming. But will it rain?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>What the coming water year, which \u003ca href=\"https://water.usgs.gov/nwc/explain_data.html\">begins October 1\u003c/a>, will bring is still up in the air. But La Niña conditions are highly likely to continue through at least the fall, with \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/september-2022-la-ni%C3%B1a-update-it%E2%80%99s-q-time\">an 80% chance of persisting\u003c/a> through January, \u003ca href=\"https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/analysis_monitoring/enso_advisory/ensodisc.shtml\">for a third year in a row\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"https://www.climate.gov/news-features/blogs/september-2022-la-ni%C3%B1a-update-it%E2%80%99s-q-time\">“three-peat” La Niña\u003c/a> is rare: It has happened only twice before since record-keeping began. La Niña occurs when ocean temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific are below normal, which can shift the storm track that California depends on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Seeing things that we’ve never seen before is very much on the table,” said John Yarbrough, assistant deputy director of the \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/Programs/State-Water-Project\">State Water Project\u003c/a>, which funnels water from Northern California to 27 million people and 750,000 acres of farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Often La Niña means drier conditions in Southern California, but the effects on Northern California watersheds critical to the state’s water supply can be harder to predict, according to \u003ca href=\"https://cw3e.ucsd.edu/cw3e-welcomes-dr-julie-kalansky/\">Julie Kalansky\u003c/a>, deputy director of the Center for Western Weather and Water Extremes at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11927140\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11927140\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/Seasonal-Precipitation-Outlook-800x671.jpg\" alt=\"A map of the United States shows precipitation to be below average across the entire southern United States and almost all of California\" width=\"800\" height=\"671\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/Seasonal-Precipitation-Outlook-800x671.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/Seasonal-Precipitation-Outlook-1020x855.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/Seasonal-Precipitation-Outlook-160x134.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/Seasonal-Precipitation-Outlook.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">With below-average precipitation expected through the coming winter, California will see drought conditions for the foreseeable future. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“Every year is such a unique story for water, which makes California exciting, but it also makes it hard to predict and say what will happen,” Kalansky said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What will ultimately shape the next water year is \u003ca href=\"https://cw3e.ucsd.edu/lack_of_ars_drought/\">the number of storms known as atmospheric rivers\u003c/a> that make landfall, and the amount of precipitation they unleash. The timing, too, will be important, Anderson said: when rain and snow falls can affect how much of California’s precious snowpack rushes into reservoirs or soaks into the soil.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“From the water management standpoint, we’re being mindful that it very well could be dry,” Yarbrough said. “At the same time, we’ve got to be mindful that it could be very wet and you could have flooding. Both of those still are possible.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dry spells punctuated by wet years are part of “the California story,” Abatzoglou said. “But obviously the last decade has shifted the balance toward more droughts.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What about snow?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Snow, too, is difficult to predict for the year ahead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s definitely more of a guessing game. You’re just sort of crossing your fingers and hoping,” said \u003ca href=\"https://skicalifornia.org/about-ski-california/\">Michael Reitzell\u003c/a>, president of Ski California, a trade association representing resorts in Nevada and California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past year was a strange one for the ski industry, Reitzell said — marred first by wildfires that \u003ca href=\"https://www.sierraattahoe.com/blog/general/caldor-fire-update/\">damaged the Sierra-at-Tahoe resort\u003c/a>, then by \u003ca href=\"https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Treacherous-blizzard-blowing-around-like-a-16730724.php\">extreme snowstorms at the end of December\u003c/a> that forced some resorts to close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the holiday period, some resorts lost full days that would have been huge, huge revenue days,” Reitzell said. “That certainly does put a ding in things.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year’s \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2022/April-22/April-2022-Snow-Survey\">snowpack measured at 38% of average statewide\u003c/a>, at a time when it should have been its deepest on April 1. It was \u003ca href=\"https://calmatters.org/environment/2022/04/california-sierra-snowpack/\">the worst snowpack in seven years\u003c/a> and the sixth-lowest April measurement in state history. The \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/-/media/DWR-Website/Web-Pages/Water-Basics/Drought/Files/Publications-And-Reports/CNRA-Drought-Report-final-March-2021.pdf\">2015 snowpack was the lowest on record\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11927143\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 724px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11927143\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/GettyImages-1332199024.jpg\" alt=\"Lake with dry river banks around low water level and wooded hills in the background. Paved boat ramp in lower right no longer reaches water. Dirt boat ramp provides temporary access. Houseboats moored near swimming platform who's underwater anchor, which should be vertically below platform, lies exposed horizontally on dry shore.\" width=\"724\" height=\"483\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/GettyImages-1332199024.jpg 724w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/09/GettyImages-1332199024-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 724px) 100vw, 724px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Low water level at Shasta Lake due to the multiyear drought. The lake provides recreation as well as drinking and irrigation water to locations as far as Los Angeles, 500 miles away. \u003ccite>(Nehring/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The measurement came on the heels of \u003ca href=\"https://drought.ca.gov/media/2022/09/Weekly-CA-Drought-Update-09192022-FINAL.pdf\">a record-setting dry spell from January through March\u003c/a>, with warm temperatures spurring an early season melt. This kind of early melt is difficult to recover from, said Andrew Schwartz, lead scientist and station manager at the \u003ca href=\"https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/research-unit/central-sierra-snow-lab\">University of California, Berkeley’s Central Sierra Snow Lab\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Our soils get dry and soak up any additional rain or snow that comes in, so that doesn’t make it to our reservoirs. And then we get these mass forest die-offs and subsequent forest fires,” Schwartz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He agreed it’s hard to say what La Niña will mean for the Sierra Nevada this winter. He said “some absolutely massive snow years” have happened during La Niña years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we’ve also had some of the worst years on record happen here. So the La Niña doesn’t look like it’s going to play too much of a role up here, because traditionally it hasn’t,” he said. “With that being said, I’m expecting drier and warmer than average conditions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A deep water deficit\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>California is entering the next year with a water deficit unlikely to recover with an average year of precipitation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Groundwater levels in almost two-thirds of wells assessed \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/service/document/hydroreport?_=1663956947040\">have sunk below average\u003c/a>, and by the end of August, reservoir storage had hit 69% of normal for the date. It’s an improvement over last year, when reservoir levels had dropped \u003ca href=\"https://cww.water.ca.gov/service/document/hydroreport?_=1663956947040\">to just 60% of average\u003c/a> for the date.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But reservoirs are still not where they need to be. “We’re still well below average, still well below where we would like to be,” said Yarbrough, of the State Water Project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lake Oroville, \u003ca href=\"https://cdec.water.ca.gov/reportapp/javareports?name=RES\">at 1.24 million acre feet\u003c/a>, remains below the 1.6 million acre-foot threshold that managers would like to see by the end of the year before considering exports. Last year, deliveries from the State Water Project \u003ca href=\"https://water.ca.gov/News/News-Releases/2021/March-21/SWP-Allocation-Update-March-23\">dropped to 5% of requested\u003c/a> supplies in March.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Initial water allocations are expected to be announced December 1, and Yarbrough would not say what they were likely to be. Still, he said, “Do expect it to be on the lower end.”\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>The U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, which operates the Central Valley Project, also would not say how much water its recipients, including Central Valley growers, can expect next year. That announcement will come in February, spokesperson Mary Lee Knecht said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Ryan Jacobsen, CEO of the Fresno County Farm Bureau, is not expecting the news to be good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We find ourselves going into this year with such a substantial decline over the course of the previous three years that even an average year most likely is going to mean some not good allocations to farmers down here in the Valley,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jacobsen said local growers already have cut back on plantings for fall and winter crops. He expects even more fields to be fallowed as farmers decide not to plant annual crops like tomatoes, melons and corn to preserve their scarce water supplies for permanent crops like tree nuts and grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One source of California’s water supply is in even more dire shape than in previous droughts: the Colorado River, which remained a reliable source of water supply even during California’s 2012-2016 drought. This time the river’s massive reservoirs have hit historic lows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Colorado River system is in deep crisis,” said Alex Hall, professor of atmospheric and oceanic sciences at UCLA. “That means Southern California is in a more difficult position than in the past.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California’s giant water importer, the Metropolitan Water District, issued unprecedented outdoor watering restrictions last spring for the 6 million people in its vast service area that depend on supplies from the parched State Water Project. Over the last three years, the water district has received its lowest total deliveries from Northern California reservoirs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the water importer is weighing how potential future cutbacks on the Colorado River could affect the rest of its customers as California, Arizona and Nevada hash out a deal to conserve the river’s water, said Demetri Polyzos, Metropolitan’s manager of resource planning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People are saying, ‘Hey, we’ve gone through this before. California is used to droughts,’” Polyzos said. “That is true. But we’re seeing these things get a lot worse and worse and more difficult to manage through.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What is becoming increasingly clear is that the nature of drought in the West is changing from the plural to the singular as it endures for long stretches punctuated by brief spells of wet years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The idea of drought as a temporary, transient thing is shifting,” Swain said. “We should be thinking more about long-term aridification.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>SF Opera Centennial Celebration\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Nearly 100 years ago, the San Francisco Opera was born with a \u003c/span>performance of \"La Bohème\" in the city's Civic Auditorium. To celebrate its 100th birthday, the SFO has planned free activities and new performances designed to honor its past while also welcoming newcomers to the opera. We’ll hear about these plans, and about bringing the passionate love affair of \"Antony and Cleopatra\" to the stage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Guests:\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Elkhanah Pulitzer, \"Antony and Cleopatra\" director\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003cli style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">Matthew Shilvock, San Francisco Opera general director\u003c/span>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Dreamforce, Inflation and the Gig Economy\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">MarketWatch’s Levi Sumagaysay joins us to discuss how farmers and the Federal Reserve are adjusting to continuing inflation. Also, a look at Dreamforce’s return to San Francisco and how Prop. 22 is affecting gig economy workers two years after its passage.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cb>Something Beautiful: SFMOMA Diego Rivera Exhibit\u003cbr>\n\u003c/b>\u003cspan style=\"font-weight: 400\">San Francisco was a beloved city to renowned Mexican artist Diego Rivera. He painted his first murals in the city, and he and Frida Kahlo remarried here. San Francisco's Museum of Modern Art currently has a 150-piece collection of Rivera's work on display, focusing on his vision for the United States. This week’s Something Beautiful is the Diego Rivera exhibit at SFMOMA.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
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}
},
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
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