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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2014/04/2014-04-25a-tcrmag.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has a reputation as a green state, with high air and water quality standards. But depending on where you live, your environment might be bad for your health. A new map from the state Environmental Protection Agency ranks all 8,000 census tracts in California, evaluating each neighborhood and the people who live there to determine their vulnerability to environmental risks. We talk to L.A. Times reporter Tony Barboza, who's covering the new Cal-EPA tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tony Barboza\u003c/strong>: It's not a huge surprise to a lot of people that some of the most pollution-burdened communities are in places like the San Joaquin Valley, in the urban core of Los Angeles and in the Inland Empire. What jumps out more than the locations generally are just the small neighborhoods. I went to a community this week in reporting this story in the San Gabriel Valley suburb of El Monte. It's just a small neighborhood of houses and apartments where few people there were aware their neighborhood had significant issues with groundwater contamination, cleanup sites, hazardous waste sites. It's not something that people are necessarily aware of that's in their midst. So it really is a tool that gives some perspective to people about what is close to them and perhaps having a health effect. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer\u003c/strong>: And this didn't just measure things like air pollution, water pollution, groundwater contamination. There were other socioeconomic factors like poverty and levels of education. What is the thinking about including those, and how did that affect the results?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barboza\u003c/strong>: I think the state officials who drew this up would probably argue that, by including those, you're not just pinpointing areas that are most exposed to pollution, but the communities that are least equipped to cope with the effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe frameborder=\"0\" height=\"520\" src=\"http://latimes-graphics-media.s3.amazonaws.com/charts/pollution-map.html\" width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shafer\u003c/strong>: Well, in fact, in many cases, things like freeways, railway yards, power stations, are put in low-income neighborhoods because those folks have less political clout. This isn't going to change that, right? It maybe puts a finer point on it, and underscores it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barboza\u003c/strong>: Well, I think what's interesting about this is that it really is the state government developing a tool that is very much oriented toward what you would call environmental justice. But what's different with this is that actually, it's being done by a government agency, it does kind of put some pressure on those regulators to perhaps target those most polluted areas, those most impacted areas, for cleanup, for enforcement of environmental laws, for other investments. One thing that this is likely to be used for is investments from the state's cap-and-trade program to cut greenhouse gases. The governor has actually proposed in his upcoming budget to spend several hundred million dollars of those proceeds in disadvantaged communities, as required under the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shafer\u003c/strong>: And it also, in a way, could put pressure on legislators who represent these districts where people are at most risk, to do something about it, to stand up for their constituents. Doesn't it? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barboza\u003c/strong>: I think so. This tool, it has supporters among state and local elected officials who have been saying for a long time that some of their communities, particularly low-income, Latino communities, that they get short-shrift when it comes to resources and attention. I think what's important in understanding this is that when you look at this mapping effort, it really is a reflection of a new focus of how people are looking at the environment and how to solve environmental problems. With the example of air pollution, that's something that's gotten a lot better. But the places that have the worst air pollution are actually much more localized. There are these neighborhoods, small communities, little pockets of California where people have been left behind of that progress. This tool is making that all the more apparent and could perhaps put pressure on government officials to take targeted action to solve that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/04/23/map-air-pollution-california/?__utma=34673459.114565775.1410536035.1410536035.1410536035.1&__utmb=34673459.30.10.1410536036&__utmc=34673459&__utmx=-&__utmz=34673459.1410536036.1.1.utmcsr=%28direct%29%7Cutmccn=%28direct%29%7Cutmcmd=%28none%29&__utmv=-&__utmk=185188907\" target=\"_blank\">New Interactive Map: How Polluted Is Census Tract Where You Live or Work?\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2014/04/2014-04-25a-tcrmag.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California has a reputation as a green state, with high air and water quality standards. But depending on where you live, your environment might be bad for your health. A new map from the state Environmental Protection Agency ranks all 8,000 census tracts in California, evaluating each neighborhood and the people who live there to determine their vulnerability to environmental risks. We talk to L.A. Times reporter Tony Barboza, who's covering the new Cal-EPA tool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tony Barboza\u003c/strong>: It's not a huge surprise to a lot of people that some of the most pollution-burdened communities are in places like the San Joaquin Valley, in the urban core of Los Angeles and in the Inland Empire. What jumps out more than the locations generally are just the small neighborhoods. I went to a community this week in reporting this story in the San Gabriel Valley suburb of El Monte. It's just a small neighborhood of houses and apartments where few people there were aware their neighborhood had significant issues with groundwater contamination, cleanup sites, hazardous waste sites. It's not something that people are necessarily aware of that's in their midst. So it really is a tool that gives some perspective to people about what is close to them and perhaps having a health effect. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Scott Shafer\u003c/strong>: And this didn't just measure things like air pollution, water pollution, groundwater contamination. There were other socioeconomic factors like poverty and levels of education. What is the thinking about including those, and how did that affect the results?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barboza\u003c/strong>: I think the state officials who drew this up would probably argue that, by including those, you're not just pinpointing areas that are most exposed to pollution, but the communities that are least equipped to cope with the effects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe frameborder=\"0\" height=\"520\" src=\"http://latimes-graphics-media.s3.amazonaws.com/charts/pollution-map.html\" width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shafer\u003c/strong>: Well, in fact, in many cases, things like freeways, railway yards, power stations, are put in low-income neighborhoods because those folks have less political clout. This isn't going to change that, right? It maybe puts a finer point on it, and underscores it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barboza\u003c/strong>: Well, I think what's interesting about this is that it really is the state government developing a tool that is very much oriented toward what you would call environmental justice. But what's different with this is that actually, it's being done by a government agency, it does kind of put some pressure on those regulators to perhaps target those most polluted areas, those most impacted areas, for cleanup, for enforcement of environmental laws, for other investments. One thing that this is likely to be used for is investments from the state's cap-and-trade program to cut greenhouse gases. The governor has actually proposed in his upcoming budget to spend several hundred million dollars of those proceeds in disadvantaged communities, as required under the law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shafer\u003c/strong>: And it also, in a way, could put pressure on legislators who represent these districts where people are at most risk, to do something about it, to stand up for their constituents. Doesn't it? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Barboza\u003c/strong>: I think so. This tool, it has supporters among state and local elected officials who have been saying for a long time that some of their communities, particularly low-income, Latino communities, that they get short-shrift when it comes to resources and attention. I think what's important in understanding this is that when you look at this mapping effort, it really is a reflection of a new focus of how people are looking at the environment and how to solve environmental problems. With the example of air pollution, that's something that's gotten a lot better. But the places that have the worst air pollution are actually much more localized. There are these neighborhoods, small communities, little pockets of California where people have been left behind of that progress. This tool is making that all the more apparent and could perhaps put pressure on government officials to take targeted action to solve that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/04/23/map-air-pollution-california/?__utma=34673459.114565775.1410536035.1410536035.1410536035.1&__utmb=34673459.30.10.1410536036&__utmc=34673459&__utmx=-&__utmz=34673459.1410536036.1.1.utmcsr=%28direct%29%7Cutmccn=%28direct%29%7Cutmcmd=%28none%29&__utmv=-&__utmk=185188907\" target=\"_blank\">New Interactive Map: How Polluted Is Census Tract Where You Live or Work?\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2014/04/2014-04-25b-tcrmag.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta looks and feels different than any other part of the state. There are over 1,000 miles of waterways, and nearly 60 islands. Even though a lot of these islands are connected by bridges, a lot of the people in the Delta are pretty isolated. There’s a person in the eastern part of the Delta who’s a lifeline -- the only mailman in California who delivers by boat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every week, every day, except Sunday, Rick Stelzriede pulls out from a marina on King Island near Stockton. He takes his 21-foot aluminum boat about 60 miles, visiting marinas and designated docks. At most stops, he just slows his boat as it approaches a pier with a mail box, picks up and drops off mail, then flips up the red metal flag. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Everybody out here that I deliver mail to, most all of them have something to do with the river, whether they’re farming, whether they live out here on boats. They may be caretaking an island,” Stelzriede says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://youtu.be/nPLXLLugYvk\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others run marinas or sport-fishing businesses or restaurants. They might work in the region’s abundant natural gas fields. In the summer, there’s an influx of people harvesting crops or working in packing sheds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My mail will change because migrant workers will come up,” Stelzriede says. “I’ll get mail from Mexico or wherever they’re from. I’ve got a guy on Mandeville Island from Peru. He’s a sheepherder out there, and he routinely receives CDs of family photos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Living in the Delta – where there are 57 islands and over 1,000 miles of waterways – just requires people to do things differently than in most of the Bay Area. That’s really clear as we approach a stop where more than 30 people get their mail, even though there’s no mailbox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a small bridge, and Stelzriede points out an attached safety cage where bridge tender Ramon Gonzalez is doing maintenance work. He spots Stelzriede, and they call out to each other in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10141038\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 305px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/MailBridgeRope.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/MailBridgeRope-305x450.jpg\" alt=\"Rick Stelzreide exchanges outgoing and incoming mail with bridge tender Ramon Gonzalez -- via a bucket and rope. (Tony George/KQED)\" width=\"305\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10141038\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rick Stelzreide exchanges outgoing and incoming mail with bridge tender Ramon Gonzalez -- via a bucket and rope. (Tony George/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez climbs out of the cage and up the side of the bridge to fetch a bucket. Stelzriede labors to keep his boat in one place while reaching for the bucket Gonzalez lowers, filled with outgoing mail. The whole exchange takes just a few minutes, with the two men in synch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water’s choppy as we head out to a large body of water called Frank’s Tract. We see Mt. Diablo to the left and Antioch to the right, but just barely. The water’s rough enough that Stelzriede turns on his windshield wipers in order to see clearly. This time of year, Stelzriede navigates through soupy fog and around dangerous obstacles in the water, and he’s got to keep an eye out for what appear to be as many as 12 super-sized bales of hay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explains that they’re actually duck blinds, spaces that hunters pull their boats into for easy access to the Delta’s waterfowl. In the summer Stelzriede keeps an eye out for boaters racing or pulling water skiers. In the spring he gets his most unusual packages: He’s delivered plants, pheasants, even swans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he drops off mail at the home of an 82-year-old friend who lives on an island the size of a suburban house lot, I tell him the Delta reminds me of parts of the California desert, where some people go to drop out of society, to get lost. Stelzriede agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely,” he says. “When I came back out here in ’96, that’s why I came out, just to get lost. I had divorced, and went through that change, just had to get away from it all.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I ask why this is a good place for such a transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10141039\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 323px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/RickAtHelm.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/RickAtHelm-323x225.jpg\" alt=\"Mail carrier Rick Stelzreide at the helm of his boat. (Tony George/KQED)\" width=\"323\" height=\"225\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10141039\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mail carrier Rick Stelzreide at the helm of his boat. (Tony George/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“For me it was all about cleaning up,” he says. “I had been on prescription pain medication for years and years, and for me, I lost my family, house, shut my business down, lost everything.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He moved to the Delta and realized life can be simple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The beavers get along with the otters, the otters get along with the muskrats, birds get along, everyone seems to co-exist really well,” he says. “Why can’t it be that way everywhere? So I just took it upon myself to fix me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, he started helping out an elderly friend who had the mail route, then took it over full time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, I’m out here forever now,” Stelzriede says as we head back into the marina at King Island. “I’ll never leave this place. To me, this is about as close to God as you can get.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/04/24/life-of-the-california-delta-farmers-fishermen-and-a-mailman/\" target=\"_blank\">Faces of the Delta\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201404041630/c\" target=\"_blank\">Farmers in The Delta: Deep Connections to Rich Agricultural History\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201404111630/f\" target=\"_blank\">Delta Livelihoods Take Hit as Recreation Declines\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201404181630/e\" target=\"_blank\">Levee Upkeep a Crucial Job in the Delta\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others run marinas or sport-fishing businesses or restaurants. They might work in the region’s abundant natural gas fields. In the summer, there’s an influx of people harvesting crops or working in packing sheds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My mail will change because migrant workers will come up,” Stelzriede says. “I’ll get mail from Mexico or wherever they’re from. I’ve got a guy on Mandeville Island from Peru. He’s a sheepherder out there, and he routinely receives CDs of family photos.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Living in the Delta – where there are 57 islands and over 1,000 miles of waterways – just requires people to do things differently than in most of the Bay Area. That’s really clear as we approach a stop where more than 30 people get their mail, even though there’s no mailbox.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a small bridge, and Stelzriede points out an attached safety cage where bridge tender Ramon Gonzalez is doing maintenance work. He spots Stelzriede, and they call out to each other in Spanish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10141038\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 305px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/MailBridgeRope.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/MailBridgeRope-305x450.jpg\" alt=\"Rick Stelzreide exchanges outgoing and incoming mail with bridge tender Ramon Gonzalez -- via a bucket and rope. (Tony George/KQED)\" width=\"305\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10141038\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Rick Stelzreide exchanges outgoing and incoming mail with bridge tender Ramon Gonzalez -- via a bucket and rope. (Tony George/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Gonzalez climbs out of the cage and up the side of the bridge to fetch a bucket. Stelzriede labors to keep his boat in one place while reaching for the bucket Gonzalez lowers, filled with outgoing mail. The whole exchange takes just a few minutes, with the two men in synch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The water’s choppy as we head out to a large body of water called Frank’s Tract. We see Mt. Diablo to the left and Antioch to the right, but just barely. The water’s rough enough that Stelzriede turns on his windshield wipers in order to see clearly. This time of year, Stelzriede navigates through soupy fog and around dangerous obstacles in the water, and he’s got to keep an eye out for what appear to be as many as 12 super-sized bales of hay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He explains that they’re actually duck blinds, spaces that hunters pull their boats into for easy access to the Delta’s waterfowl. In the summer Stelzriede keeps an eye out for boaters racing or pulling water skiers. In the spring he gets his most unusual packages: He’s delivered plants, pheasants, even swans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When he drops off mail at the home of an 82-year-old friend who lives on an island the size of a suburban house lot, I tell him the Delta reminds me of parts of the California desert, where some people go to drop out of society, to get lost. Stelzriede agrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Absolutely,” he says. “When I came back out here in ’96, that’s why I came out, just to get lost. I had divorced, and went through that change, just had to get away from it all.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I ask why this is a good place for such a transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10141039\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 323px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/RickAtHelm.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/RickAtHelm-323x225.jpg\" alt=\"Mail carrier Rick Stelzreide at the helm of his boat. (Tony George/KQED)\" width=\"323\" height=\"225\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10141039\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mail carrier Rick Stelzreide at the helm of his boat. (Tony George/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“For me it was all about cleaning up,” he says. “I had been on prescription pain medication for years and years, and for me, I lost my family, house, shut my business down, lost everything.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He moved to the Delta and realized life can be simple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The beavers get along with the otters, the otters get along with the muskrats, birds get along, everyone seems to co-exist really well,” he says. “Why can’t it be that way everywhere? So I just took it upon myself to fix me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2006, he started helping out an elderly friend who had the mail route, then took it over full time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Well, I’m out here forever now,” Stelzriede says as we head back into the marina at King Island. “I’ll never leave this place. To me, this is about as close to God as you can get.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/04/24/life-of-the-california-delta-farmers-fishermen-and-a-mailman/\" target=\"_blank\">Faces of the Delta\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201404041630/c\" target=\"_blank\">Farmers in The Delta: Deep Connections to Rich Agricultural History\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201404111630/f\" target=\"_blank\">Delta Livelihoods Take Hit as Recreation Declines\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More\u003c/strong>: \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201404181630/e\" target=\"_blank\">Levee Upkeep a Crucial Job in the Delta\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_133596\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/RS2636_Download090427-050-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-133596\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/RS2636_Download090427-050-lpr-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"Photo by Craig Miller/KQED\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Craig Miller/KQED\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A new map of pollution statewide, put together by the Los Angeles Times, is based on data from the Environmental Protection Agency that allows people to check out census tracts — there are more than 8,000 of them — to see how toxic their home or workplace is. You can navigate by dragging your mouse along or simply by entering an address or ZIP Code in the search box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental impact index allows people to get very specific. They can find out about diesel particulate matter, drinking water toxicity, ozone concentration and toxic releases into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the \u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/ej/pdf/CES20PublicReview04212014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">draft report\u003c/a> upon which the data are based, as well as the L.A. Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/science/la-me-0423-pollution-neighborhoods-20140423,0,1487851.story#axzz2zjeYHNHW\" target=\"_blank\">story\u003c/a>, which notes that the EPA's new approach comes in the wake of heavy criticism for assessing California's environmental hazards only by its 1,800 ZIP Codes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://latimes-graphics-media.s3.amazonaws.com/charts/pollution-map.html\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_133596\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/RS2636_Download090427-050-lpr.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-133596\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/RS2636_Download090427-050-lpr-640x480.jpg\" alt=\"Photo by Craig Miller/KQED\" width=\"640\" height=\"480\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo by Craig Miller/KQED\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A new map of pollution statewide, put together by the Los Angeles Times, is based on data from the Environmental Protection Agency that allows people to check out census tracts — there are more than 8,000 of them — to see how toxic their home or workplace is. You can navigate by dragging your mouse along or simply by entering an address or ZIP Code in the search box.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental impact index allows people to get very specific. They can find out about diesel particulate matter, drinking water toxicity, ozone concentration and toxic releases into the air.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's the \u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/ej/pdf/CES20PublicReview04212014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">draft report\u003c/a> upon which the data are based, as well as the L.A. Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/science/la-me-0423-pollution-neighborhoods-20140423,0,1487851.story#axzz2zjeYHNHW\" target=\"_blank\">story\u003c/a>, which notes that the EPA's new approach comes in the wake of heavy criticism for assessing California's environmental hazards only by its 1,800 ZIP Codes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://latimes-graphics-media.s3.amazonaws.com/charts/pollution-map.html\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"100%\" height=\"520\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "PG&E Pleads Not Guilty to All San Bruno Charges",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_110633\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-110633\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2013/09/RS2161_104423895-scr-e1378841443147.jpg\" alt=\"The explosion of a gas pipeline on Sept. 9, 2010, sparked a fire in San Bruno that destroyed 38 homes. (Justin Sullivan / Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"438\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The explosion of a gas pipeline on Sept. 9, 2010, sparked a fire in San Bruno that destroyed 38 homes. (Justin Sullivan / Getty Images) \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>(AP and KQED) — As survivors of the 2010 San Bruno pipeline explosion looked on, PG&E pleaded not guilty Monday to a dozen felony charges stemming from alleged safety violations related to the disaster that killed 38 people and leveled the city's Crestmoor neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In federal court in San Francisco, Judge Joseph Spero granted prosecutors' request to increase the maximum fine that PG&E could face to more than $6 million if the court decides the company somehow benefited financially or saved money as a result of criminal misconduct.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Bruno city officials hailed the ruling as a positive step and said they believed company officials should be charged as well. No individual PG&E officials or employees have been charged criminally, but prosecutors could file superseding indictments naming individuals if the investigation warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We look forward to PG&E being fined the maximum amount allowed by law to send a message not only to that corporation but to the industry,\" San Bruno City Manager Connie Jackson said. \"Individuals within the corporation certainly had responsibility for making decisions ... that led to the disaster in San Bruno.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Prosecutors allege that PG&E knowingly relied on erroneous and incomplete information when assessing the safety of the pipeline that eventually ruptured and sparked a fireball that destroyed 38 homes, killed eight people and injured dozens of others. Nearly four years later, the neighborhood is still recovering.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E said in a statement it does not believe any employee intentionally violated federal regulations. The company also released an 18-page \u003ca href=\"http://pgeresponds.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/3-29-14-rev-PGE-Background.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Overview of Issues Associated with San Bruno Explosion\u003c/a> outlining steps it has already taken to compensate victims and correct pipeline safety issues. \"San Bruno was a tragic accident that caused a great deal of pain for many people,\" the document begins. \"We’re accountable for that and make no excuses. Most of all, we are deeply sorry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/08/30/live-now-ntsb-san-bruno-hearing/\" target=\"_blank\">National Transportation Safety Board investigation of the explosion\u003c/a> found that the probable cause of the San Bruno catastrophe was:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(1) (I)nadequate quality assurance and quality control in 1956 during its Line 132 relocation project, which allowed the installation of a substandard and poorly welded pipe section with a visible seam weld flaw that, over time grew to a critical size, causing the pipeline to rupture during a pressure increase stemming from poorly planned electrical work at the Milpitas Terminal; and\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(2) (I)nadequate pipeline integrity management program, which failed to detect and repair or remove the defective pipe section.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The NTSB also put partial blame on exemptions for proper testing issued by the California Public Utilities Commission \"which likely would have detected the installation defects. Also contributing to the accident was the CPUC’s failure to detect the inadequacies of PG&E’s pipeline integrity management program.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NTSB Chairman Deborah Hersman said in her opening statement at the hearing that PG&E \"exploited weaknesses in a lax system of oversight.\" She also said government agencies had \"placed a blind trust in operators to the detriment of public safety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was not a question of if this pipeline would burst,\" Hersman said. \"It was a question of when.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/08/30/live-now-ntsb-san-bruno-hearing/\" target=\"_blank\">Read more about the NTSB's findings here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Subsequent to the explosion, the San Francisco Chronicle drilled down into the details of PG&E's alleged negligence in adequately inspecting and maintaining its pipeline network. This \u003ca href=\"http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid823619053?bctid=1134718001001\" target=\"_blank\">video\u003c/a> features the paper's reporter, Jaxon Van Derbeken, explaining the history of the faulty San Bruno pipeline, which includes PG&E artificially spiking pressure on the San Bruno line in order to game the system of inspections in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They interpreted the law in such a way that they felt if they didn't artificially raise the pressure every five years, that they risked having to run the line at a lower pressure....So they ... spiked the pressure,\" Van Derbeken said. \"They felt it was a kind of use it or lose it scenario. If they didn't run the pressure at full tilt, they would lose the right to run it. And if they did run it at full pressure, they would have to do these inspections for welds that they didn't want to do. So ironically, they were taxing the welds during these spikes, and then not inspecting for whatever problems they might have caused when they taxed the welds during the spikes. They believed it was perfectly safe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is rare but not unprecedented for a pipeline company to face charges tied to criminal safety laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal prosecutors previously investigated Olympic Pipe Line Co. in Washington state after an explosion in 1999 killed three people. That blast was caused by a ruptured line that spilled more than 225,000 gallons of gasoline into creeks running through a public park in Bellingham, Wash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That federal investigation ultimately resulted in prison or probation terms for three company officials and a settlement requiring $112 million in penalties and safety improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While no individual PG&E officials or employees have been charged criminally, prosecutors could file so-called superseding indictments naming individuals if the investigation warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>April 1 audio: PG&E indicted on criminal charges\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/142783050&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PG&E said in a statement it does not believe any employee intentionally violated federal regulations. The company also released an 18-page \u003ca href=\"http://pgeresponds.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/3-29-14-rev-PGE-Background.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Overview of Issues Associated with San Bruno Explosion\u003c/a> outlining steps it has already taken to compensate victims and correct pipeline safety issues. \"San Bruno was a tragic accident that caused a great deal of pain for many people,\" the document begins. \"We’re accountable for that and make no excuses. Most of all, we are deeply sorry.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2011, a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/08/30/live-now-ntsb-san-bruno-hearing/\" target=\"_blank\">National Transportation Safety Board investigation of the explosion\u003c/a> found that the probable cause of the San Bruno catastrophe was:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>(1) (I)nadequate quality assurance and quality control in 1956 during its Line 132 relocation project, which allowed the installation of a substandard and poorly welded pipe section with a visible seam weld flaw that, over time grew to a critical size, causing the pipeline to rupture during a pressure increase stemming from poorly planned electrical work at the Milpitas Terminal; and\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(2) (I)nadequate pipeline integrity management program, which failed to detect and repair or remove the defective pipe section.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The NTSB also put partial blame on exemptions for proper testing issued by the California Public Utilities Commission \"which likely would have detected the installation defects. Also contributing to the accident was the CPUC’s failure to detect the inadequacies of PG&E’s pipeline integrity management program.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NTSB Chairman Deborah Hersman said in her opening statement at the hearing that PG&E \"exploited weaknesses in a lax system of oversight.\" She also said government agencies had \"placed a blind trust in operators to the detriment of public safety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was not a question of if this pipeline would burst,\" Hersman said. \"It was a question of when.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2011/08/30/live-now-ntsb-san-bruno-hearing/\" target=\"_blank\">Read more about the NTSB's findings here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Subsequent to the explosion, the San Francisco Chronicle drilled down into the details of PG&E's alleged negligence in adequately inspecting and maintaining its pipeline network. This \u003ca href=\"http://link.brightcove.com/services/player/bcpid823619053?bctid=1134718001001\" target=\"_blank\">video\u003c/a> features the paper's reporter, Jaxon Van Derbeken, explaining the history of the faulty San Bruno pipeline, which includes PG&E artificially spiking pressure on the San Bruno line in order to game the system of inspections in place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They interpreted the law in such a way that they felt if they didn't artificially raise the pressure every five years, that they risked having to run the line at a lower pressure....So they ... spiked the pressure,\" Van Derbeken said. \"They felt it was a kind of use it or lose it scenario. If they didn't run the pressure at full tilt, they would lose the right to run it. And if they did run it at full pressure, they would have to do these inspections for welds that they didn't want to do. So ironically, they were taxing the welds during these spikes, and then not inspecting for whatever problems they might have caused when they taxed the welds during the spikes. They believed it was perfectly safe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is rare but not unprecedented for a pipeline company to face charges tied to criminal safety laws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal prosecutors previously investigated Olympic Pipe Line Co. in Washington state after an explosion in 1999 killed three people. That blast was caused by a ruptured line that spilled more than 225,000 gallons of gasoline into creeks running through a public park in Bellingham, Wash.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That federal investigation ultimately resulted in prison or probation terms for three company officials and a settlement requiring $112 million in penalties and safety improvements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While no individual PG&E officials or employees have been charged criminally, prosecutors could file so-called superseding indictments naming individuals if the investigation warrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>April 1 audio: PG&E indicted on criminal charges\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/142783050&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_artwork=true\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Levee Upkeep a Crucial Job in the Delta",
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"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2014/04/2014-04-18e-tcrmag.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last few weeks, we’ve been getting to know some of the people of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. We’ve met farmers, fishing guides and marina owners. All those industries rely on levees that form rims around the dozens of islands in the Delta, holding back the water that can be 20 feet higher than the farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major failures could impact the quality of the Delta’s water, which is diverted to much of the state. So I headed to the levees to meet the people who know them best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Scriven is driving a big truck on the levees of an island called Terminous. He’s in charge of maintaining the levees here, and that means he’s looking for … squirrels. He spots something out his window, stops the truck, and shows me freshly dug holes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now here’s something that we’re always watching for, is all this squirrel activity that you see here,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a danger sign to Scriven. Squirrels, he says, can burrow into or underneath a levee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they go all the way through, we’ll have water come through the levee,” he explains. “They’re hard workers!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scriven says animals are a main cause of levee failure. On another part of the levee, up on a road, he points out track marks left by a beaver or otter. If beavers make dens in the levees, he tells me, water can seep through, weakening the structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water in the Delta rises high above the farmland, and levees hold it back. Scriven says, “If that starts really getting high water, and there’s a lot of pressure, you can have a failure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Scriven or one of his employees checks these levees every day, at least once. If they see a wet spot growing, they dig into the core of the levee to intercept it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have material, like Gunnite, that we mix with dirt and it becomes very hard,” Scriven says. “We dig below where water is seeping through and build it up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10141076\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 256px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/LeveeMaintainance.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/LeveeMaintainance-256x225.jpg\" alt=\"A crane barge takes a load off a rock barge as part of a levee maintenance operation in the Delta. (Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\" width=\"256\" height=\"225\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10141076\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crane barge takes a load off a rock barge as part of a levee maintenance operation in the Delta. (Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scriven was elected to a governing board on Terminous. Almost every island has one. Besides inspecting and improving the levees, his job includes maintaining pumps and canals. The work is covered in part by money collected from a tax that landowners impose on themselves. Scriven says the government provides funding, too, as long as they can prove they’re improving the levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The levee has to be this high and this wide,” he says. “It can have this on the levee, it can’t have that on the levee. If you don’t attempt to reach those standards, you won’t receive funding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highways, railroads and energy, and petroleum lines depend on strong levees. Major failures could impact the quality of the Delta’s water, which is diverted to much of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scriven says what he and his neighbors get most concerned about is when there’s both high water and high wind. He knows what havoc that combination can wreak from when he was farming Holland Tract in the western part of the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I personally lost Holland Tract in 1980 due to overtopping,” he says. “The day it flooded, I can still remember, it was a very clear sunny day in February, but the wind was blowing 40-45 mph out of the north.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wind blew over a large body of water next to Holland Tract, causing larger-than-normal waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My partner and I were standing right next to section that broke, sandbagging with workers, to keep it from washing, and we lost,” he says. “The whole 2,500-foot section of levee just rolled over and water poured in.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scriven and his partner reclaimed Holland Tract, draining the island and fixing the levees with government help. He says there have been a few close calls, but never a breach on Terminous. Raising the levees and inspecting and maintaining them with vigilance has a lot to do with that, but Scriven takes nothing for granted:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You gotta be lucky,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I head off the island and travel about 15 miles to the town of Rio Vista. I’ve got an appointment there with Janet Bennett, whose family has a long history in the Delta. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bennett welcomes me into a lovely 100-year-old house at the top of a residential street. It’s very homey, except for the half-dozen tools called clamshell buckets displayed around the yard. They’re huge. Some are taller than I am. For decades, levees were made from tools like these attached to dredgers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10141078\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 317px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/LeveeMural.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/LeveeMural-317x225.jpg\" alt=\"Inside the Dutra Museum of Dredging, a mural fills one wall, depicting the Delta's history and its physical transformation. (Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\" width=\"317\" height=\"225\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10141078\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inside the Dutra Museum of Dredging, a mural fills one wall, depicting the Delta's history and its physical transformation. (Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This building is the Dutra Museum of Dredging. Bennett explains that her late mother and stepfather, Ed Dutra, turned this residence into a museum in 1980.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bennett flips through displays of photos and engineering designs of dredgers, hand-drawn on linen. She shows off paintings and scale models of dredgers. There’s a mural that depicts the Delta’s history and physical transformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to remember that during the Gold Rush, the population ramped up exponentially with both people and animals, and they all had to be fed,” she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when a process called reclamation began. The state sold what it defined as swampland to farmers, who drained it and built levees to create prime farmland. A mostly Chinese labor force built the first levees by hand. Eventually companies used dredgers and clamshell buckets to move sand and mud from the waterways and build up levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bennett says, “Buckets got larger, booms got larger, and this helped in reclamation work here in the Delta.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dredging played a huge role in building the levees, but today maintenance and repair work looks different. I see that firsthand, about 40 minutes away on Rindge Tract. Three barges sit side by side in the water; the one closest to the levee has a crane attached and the other two are loaded with rock. Project engineer Ryan Abood is overseeing levee maintenance work, and explains the process to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first step is to get the quarry stone on the barge,” he says. That happens at a rock quarry in San Rafael. “Then it’s towed up by tug to this location, which is about a 12-hour, one-way trip for our tugs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abood says they take two flat deck barges at a time, with each barge carrying about 2,000 tons of rock, which is called riprap. Then the crane barge scoops the rock off the barges, swings it over and places it on the levee to help prevent erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abood is 37 years old. He was born and raised in the Delta, in the town of Isleton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re living on an island so you’re surrounded by levees,” he says. “To get to the river you’ve got to be up on the levees. Growing up, we would ride our bikes around an island all day long, drink the river. If you’re going to go fishing, you’re fishing off the levee. We were always out on the boat, water-skiing, enjoying the Delta.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that in his 20s he got into a pretty bad accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I took my ‘66 Mustang off a levee and rolled it between Rio Vista and Isleton,” he says. “There are a few friends that lost their lives on the levee system, going into the river or head-ons. It’s part of life out here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levees weren’t just part of the landscape, though. Abood grew up helping fill sandbags during a flood and watching people do maintenance work on the levees for a living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was around all the time,” he says. “I always thought it would be cool for me to work in the Delta, work on the rivers, so here I am,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of people like him, the levees are still here, too, part of the interdependent relationship between the water and the people who make the Delta what it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201404041630/c\" target=\"_blank\">Farmers in The Delta: Deep Connections to Rich Agricultural History\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201404041630/c\" target=\"_blank\">Delta Livelihoods Take Hit as Recreation Declines\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcrmag/2014/04/2014-04-18e-tcrmag.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the last few weeks, we’ve been getting to know some of the people of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. We’ve met farmers, fishing guides and marina owners. All those industries rely on levees that form rims around the dozens of islands in the Delta, holding back the water that can be 20 feet higher than the farmland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Major failures could impact the quality of the Delta’s water, which is diverted to much of the state. So I headed to the levees to meet the people who know them best.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Scriven is driving a big truck on the levees of an island called Terminous. He’s in charge of maintaining the levees here, and that means he’s looking for … squirrels. He spots something out his window, stops the truck, and shows me freshly dug holes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Now here’s something that we’re always watching for, is all this squirrel activity that you see here,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a danger sign to Scriven. Squirrels, he says, can burrow into or underneath a levee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If they go all the way through, we’ll have water come through the levee,” he explains. “They’re hard workers!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scriven says animals are a main cause of levee failure. On another part of the levee, up on a road, he points out track marks left by a beaver or otter. If beavers make dens in the levees, he tells me, water can seep through, weakening the structure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water in the Delta rises high above the farmland, and levees hold it back. Scriven says, “If that starts really getting high water, and there’s a lot of pressure, you can have a failure.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s why Scriven or one of his employees checks these levees every day, at least once. If they see a wet spot growing, they dig into the core of the levee to intercept it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have material, like Gunnite, that we mix with dirt and it becomes very hard,” Scriven says. “We dig below where water is seeping through and build it up.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10141076\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 256px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/LeveeMaintainance.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/LeveeMaintainance-256x225.jpg\" alt=\"A crane barge takes a load off a rock barge as part of a levee maintenance operation in the Delta. (Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\" width=\"256\" height=\"225\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10141076\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A crane barge takes a load off a rock barge as part of a levee maintenance operation in the Delta. (Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Scriven was elected to a governing board on Terminous. Almost every island has one. Besides inspecting and improving the levees, his job includes maintaining pumps and canals. The work is covered in part by money collected from a tax that landowners impose on themselves. Scriven says the government provides funding, too, as long as they can prove they’re improving the levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The levee has to be this high and this wide,” he says. “It can have this on the levee, it can’t have that on the levee. If you don’t attempt to reach those standards, you won’t receive funding.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Highways, railroads and energy, and petroleum lines depend on strong levees. Major failures could impact the quality of the Delta’s water, which is diverted to much of the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scriven says what he and his neighbors get most concerned about is when there’s both high water and high wind. He knows what havoc that combination can wreak from when he was farming Holland Tract in the western part of the Delta.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I personally lost Holland Tract in 1980 due to overtopping,” he says. “The day it flooded, I can still remember, it was a very clear sunny day in February, but the wind was blowing 40-45 mph out of the north.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The wind blew over a large body of water next to Holland Tract, causing larger-than-normal waves.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My partner and I were standing right next to section that broke, sandbagging with workers, to keep it from washing, and we lost,” he says. “The whole 2,500-foot section of levee just rolled over and water poured in.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scriven and his partner reclaimed Holland Tract, draining the island and fixing the levees with government help. He says there have been a few close calls, but never a breach on Terminous. Raising the levees and inspecting and maintaining them with vigilance has a lot to do with that, but Scriven takes nothing for granted:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You gotta be lucky,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I head off the island and travel about 15 miles to the town of Rio Vista. I’ve got an appointment there with Janet Bennett, whose family has a long history in the Delta. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bennett welcomes me into a lovely 100-year-old house at the top of a residential street. It’s very homey, except for the half-dozen tools called clamshell buckets displayed around the yard. They’re huge. Some are taller than I am. For decades, levees were made from tools like these attached to dredgers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10141078\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 317px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/LeveeMural.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/LeveeMural-317x225.jpg\" alt=\"Inside the Dutra Museum of Dredging, a mural fills one wall, depicting the Delta's history and its physical transformation. (Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\" width=\"317\" height=\"225\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10141078\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Inside the Dutra Museum of Dredging, a mural fills one wall, depicting the Delta's history and its physical transformation. (Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This building is the Dutra Museum of Dredging. Bennett explains that her late mother and stepfather, Ed Dutra, turned this residence into a museum in 1980.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bennett flips through displays of photos and engineering designs of dredgers, hand-drawn on linen. She shows off paintings and scale models of dredgers. There’s a mural that depicts the Delta’s history and physical transformation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have to remember that during the Gold Rush, the population ramped up exponentially with both people and animals, and they all had to be fed,” she explains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s when a process called reclamation began. The state sold what it defined as swampland to farmers, who drained it and built levees to create prime farmland. A mostly Chinese labor force built the first levees by hand. Eventually companies used dredgers and clamshell buckets to move sand and mud from the waterways and build up levees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bennett says, “Buckets got larger, booms got larger, and this helped in reclamation work here in the Delta.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dredging played a huge role in building the levees, but today maintenance and repair work looks different. I see that firsthand, about 40 minutes away on Rindge Tract. Three barges sit side by side in the water; the one closest to the levee has a crane attached and the other two are loaded with rock. Project engineer Ryan Abood is overseeing levee maintenance work, and explains the process to me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The first step is to get the quarry stone on the barge,” he says. That happens at a rock quarry in San Rafael. “Then it’s towed up by tug to this location, which is about a 12-hour, one-way trip for our tugs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abood says they take two flat deck barges at a time, with each barge carrying about 2,000 tons of rock, which is called riprap. Then the crane barge scoops the rock off the barges, swings it over and places it on the levee to help prevent erosion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abood is 37 years old. He was born and raised in the Delta, in the town of Isleton.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’re living on an island so you’re surrounded by levees,” he says. “To get to the river you’ve got to be up on the levees. Growing up, we would ride our bikes around an island all day long, drink the river. If you’re going to go fishing, you’re fishing off the levee. We were always out on the boat, water-skiing, enjoying the Delta.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says that in his 20s he got into a pretty bad accident.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I took my ‘66 Mustang off a levee and rolled it between Rio Vista and Isleton,” he says. “There are a few friends that lost their lives on the levee system, going into the river or head-ons. It’s part of life out here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Levees weren’t just part of the landscape, though. Abood grew up helping fill sandbags during a flood and watching people do maintenance work on the levees for a living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was around all the time,” he says. “I always thought it would be cool for me to work in the Delta, work on the rivers, so here I am,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of people like him, the levees are still here, too, part of the interdependent relationship between the water and the people who make the Delta what it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201404041630/c\" target=\"_blank\">Farmers in The Delta: Deep Connections to Rich Agricultural History\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>More:\u003c/strong> \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201404041630/c\" target=\"_blank\">Delta Livelihoods Take Hit as Recreation Declines\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Drakes Bay Oyster Co. Takes Its Case to U.S. Supreme Court",
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"content": "\u003cp>Drakes Bay Oyster Co. is taking its running battle with the federal government -- and some environmentalists -- to the U.S. Supreme Court. The company said it has filed a petition with the high court asking for a review of an unfavorable ruling by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. That ruling said federal courts lack jurisdiction to review former Interior Secretary Ken Salazar's 2012 decision to not renew Drakes' operating permit at Point Reyes National Seashore in Marin County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_81968\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 437px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-81968 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/12/drakesoysterfarm20121129-640x413.jpg\" alt=\"Strings of mother shells that will contain baby oysters at Drakes Bay Oyster Co., in 2007 photo. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"437\" height=\"281\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Strings of mother shells that will contain baby oysters at Drakes Bay Oyster Co., in 2007 photo. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If this judgment is not overturned, government agencies will have the power to deny a permit to any individual or business for any reason, without judicial review,” said Kevin Lunny, owner of Drakes Bay Oyster Co., in a press release. “Citizens must have recourse in the face of an arbitrary and capricious decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court is the last hope for the company to remain operational. In January, the 9th Circuit declined a request by Drakes Bay to rehear the case. The court allowed the company to remain open while it appealed the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lunny family has run the oyster operation since 2004, when it took over a 40-year lease, issued in 1972 after the federal government bought the land. The company says it produces one-third of all oysters grown in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED's Joshua Johnson talked today to the current leader of the company's legal team, Peter Prow, who said the main question before the court is whether courts have jurisdiction to review agency actions for arbitrariness and capriciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Agencies most of the time do the right thing, but sometimes they make mistakes, sometimes they abuse their power,\" Prow said. \"In this case we think that's exactly what has happened, from the Parks Service and the Department of the Interior, and the 9th Circuit has said we don't even have a chance to have our day in court. And we think that if people can't take agencies to court when agencies misbehave, that's a very troubling precedent for not just the oyster farm but for anyone who deals with the government on any kind of permit or lease or any kind of day-to-day regular application to the government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for the Interior Department said it couldn't comment on pending litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News Fix's Dan Brekke recounted the history of the conflict in a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/14/court-rejects-drakes-bay-oyster-company-request-for-new-hearing\" target=\"_blank\">blog post\u003c/a> in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>At issue in the case is the conflict between Lunny’s decade-old campaign to win an extension to the oyster company’s lease and National Park Service plans to designate Drakes Estero, the operation’s site, as wilderness. \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinmagazine.com/Marin-Magazine/November-2008/The-Oyster-War/\" target=\"_blank\">Lunny has long maintained \u003c/a>that the park service not only could but should extend the 40-year “reservation of use and occupancy” first granted in 1972 when the government bought the property from the operation’s previous owner. The National Park Service, operating under provisions of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/pore/parkmgmt/upload/lawsandpolicies_publiclaw94_544.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">1976 Point Reyes Wilderness Act\u003c/a>, informed Lunny in 2005 of its intention not to extend the lease beyond its expiration date in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Lunny’s chief allies, Sen. Dianne Feinstein, lobbied for an extension of the lease and in 2009 managed to win approval of legislation authorizing the secretary of the Interior to grant a 10-year extension to the Drakes Bay Oyster Co. After a long review process marked by charges that the National Park Service had manipulated data to show the oyster farm was harmful to the environment, \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/news/pressreleases/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&pageid=332286\" target=\"_blank\">Salazar declined to extend the lease\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other reasons, Salazar cited the government’s original agreement to purchase the oyster farm’s property, Park Service policy limiting commercial operations in national parks and wilderness areas, and the requirements of the 1976 Point Reyes law. He also acknowledged the scientific uncertainty over the oyster operation’s environmental and recreational impacts, but said in his view that studies backed the view that letting the lease expire “would result in long-term beneficial impacts to the estero’s natural environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar’s decision required Drakes Bay Oyster Co. to vacate its premises within 120 days, a departure delayed when \u003ca href=\"http://causeofaction.org/assets/uploads/2012/12/115478606-DBOC-Complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lunny filed suit in December 2012\u003c/a> to block the Interior secretary’s action. The lawsuit alleged that Salazar had violated the National Environmental Policy Act, which requires an assessment of agency impacts on the human environment, and the federal Administrative Policy Act, which guides government decision-making policies. Ultimately, a federal judge in San Francisco rejected Lunny’s request for a preliminary injunction to halt the Department of Interior’s action, leading to the 9th Circuit appeal and today’s decision denying a rehearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case has caused a split between environmental groups that support wilderness restoration at Point Reyes and leaders of the sustainable food movement, who praise Drakes Bay as a model operation. Both sides submitted “friend of the court” briefs during the Drakes Bay appeal. A group of local restaurateurs were among those who \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/general/2013/04/03/13-15227_Drakes_Bay_amicus_brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">filed a brief\u003c/a> arguing that closing the operation “would have a broad, negative and immediate impact, on the local economy and the sustainable agriculture and food industry in the San Francisco Bay Area, on the school children of the workers who live in the housing units onsite, and, in the longer term, on food security and the U.S. balance of trade.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The case has become a cause celebrate of sorts for libertarian-leaning organizations, and Drakes has been supported by the conservative Pacific Legal Foundation, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificlegal.org/cases#section=tab2\" target=\"_blank\">frequently sues\u003c/a> government agencies on behalf of businesses and individuals. Earlier on in the case, the issue was taken up by Cause of Action, an anti-government group led by a lawyer with ties to the Charles Koch Foundation. From Kelly O'Mara's \u003ca href=\"http://www.callawyer.com/clstory.cfm?eid=933766&wteid=933766_It%27s_Not_Just_About_the_Oysters\" target=\"_blank\">piece\u003c/a> last month for California Lawyer:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Accepting Cause of Action's help seemed sensible to Lunny at first, since it was free. But he ended the relationship soon after PBS \u003cem>NewsHour\u003c/em> aired a segment in May 2013 that mentioned the group's involvement. Lunny says his frustration was less about bad PR than the fact that Cause of Action had used his name in publicizing unrelated issues and in arguing for a newspaper to reveal unnamed sources who criticized the oyster farm in a story. But the group's involvement cemented Drakes Bay's position in the center of larger national debates over conservation, management of all types of federal land, and the limits of federal authority. It also made clear how important a precedent Lunny's case could set.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update\u003c/strong>: Amy Trainer, Executive Director of the West Marin Environmental Action Committee, which opposes a new lease for Drakes Bay Oyster Co., writes in an editorial for the East Bay Express that the company's petition to the Supreme Court is \"full of false statements of fact and exaggerations,\" calling it a \"desperate move full of desperate arguments.\" You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/SevenDays/archives/2014/04/14/opinion-dont-be-fooled-by-drakes-bay-oyster-companys-supreme-court-petition\" target=\"_blank\">read her opinion of this latest legal maneuver in the case here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Drakes Bay Oyster Co. is taking its running battle with the federal government -- and some environmentalists -- to the U.S. Supreme Court. The company said it has filed a petition with the high court asking for a review of an unfavorable ruling by the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals. That ruling said federal courts lack jurisdiction to review former Interior Secretary Ken Salazar's 2012 decision to not renew Drakes' operating permit at Point Reyes National Seashore in Marin County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_81968\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 437px\">\u003cimg class=\" wp-image-81968 \" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2012/12/drakesoysterfarm20121129-640x413.jpg\" alt=\"Strings of mother shells that will contain baby oysters at Drakes Bay Oyster Co., in 2007 photo. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"437\" height=\"281\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Strings of mother shells that will contain baby oysters at Drakes Bay Oyster Co., in 2007 photo. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“If this judgment is not overturned, government agencies will have the power to deny a permit to any individual or business for any reason, without judicial review,” said Kevin Lunny, owner of Drakes Bay Oyster Co., in a press release. “Citizens must have recourse in the face of an arbitrary and capricious decision.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court is the last hope for the company to remain operational. In January, the 9th Circuit declined a request by Drakes Bay to rehear the case. The court allowed the company to remain open while it appealed the decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Lunny family has run the oyster operation since 2004, when it took over a 40-year lease, issued in 1972 after the federal government bought the land. The company says it produces one-third of all oysters grown in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED's Joshua Johnson talked today to the current leader of the company's legal team, Peter Prow, who said the main question before the court is whether courts have jurisdiction to review agency actions for arbitrariness and capriciousness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Agencies most of the time do the right thing, but sometimes they make mistakes, sometimes they abuse their power,\" Prow said. \"In this case we think that's exactly what has happened, from the Parks Service and the Department of the Interior, and the 9th Circuit has said we don't even have a chance to have our day in court. And we think that if people can't take agencies to court when agencies misbehave, that's a very troubling precedent for not just the oyster farm but for anyone who deals with the government on any kind of permit or lease or any kind of day-to-day regular application to the government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for the Interior Department said it couldn't comment on pending litigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News Fix's Dan Brekke recounted the history of the conflict in a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/14/court-rejects-drakes-bay-oyster-company-request-for-new-hearing\" target=\"_blank\">blog post\u003c/a> in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>At issue in the case is the conflict between Lunny’s decade-old campaign to win an extension to the oyster company’s lease and National Park Service plans to designate Drakes Estero, the operation’s site, as wilderness. \u003ca href=\"http://www.marinmagazine.com/Marin-Magazine/November-2008/The-Oyster-War/\" target=\"_blank\">Lunny has long maintained \u003c/a>that the park service not only could but should extend the 40-year “reservation of use and occupancy” first granted in 1972 when the government bought the property from the operation’s previous owner. The National Park Service, operating under provisions of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/pore/parkmgmt/upload/lawsandpolicies_publiclaw94_544.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">1976 Point Reyes Wilderness Act\u003c/a>, informed Lunny in 2005 of its intention not to extend the lease beyond its expiration date in 2012.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of Lunny’s chief allies, Sen. Dianne Feinstein, lobbied for an extension of the lease and in 2009 managed to win approval of legislation authorizing the secretary of the Interior to grant a 10-year extension to the Drakes Bay Oyster Co. After a long review process marked by charges that the National Park Service had manipulated data to show the oyster farm was harmful to the environment, \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/news/pressreleases/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&pageid=332286\" target=\"_blank\">Salazar declined to extend the lease\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among other reasons, Salazar cited the government’s original agreement to purchase the oyster farm’s property, Park Service policy limiting commercial operations in national parks and wilderness areas, and the requirements of the 1976 Point Reyes law. He also acknowledged the scientific uncertainty over the oyster operation’s environmental and recreational impacts, but said in his view that studies backed the view that letting the lease expire “would result in long-term beneficial impacts to the estero’s natural environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salazar’s decision required Drakes Bay Oyster Co. to vacate its premises within 120 days, a departure delayed when \u003ca href=\"http://causeofaction.org/assets/uploads/2012/12/115478606-DBOC-Complaint.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Lunny filed suit in December 2012\u003c/a> to block the Interior secretary’s action. The lawsuit alleged that Salazar had violated the National Environmental Policy Act, which requires an assessment of agency impacts on the human environment, and the federal Administrative Policy Act, which guides government decision-making policies. Ultimately, a federal judge in San Francisco rejected Lunny’s request for a preliminary injunction to halt the Department of Interior’s action, leading to the 9th Circuit appeal and today’s decision denying a rehearing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The case has caused a split between environmental groups that support wilderness restoration at Point Reyes and leaders of the sustainable food movement, who praise Drakes Bay as a model operation. Both sides submitted “friend of the court” briefs during the Drakes Bay appeal. A group of local restaurateurs were among those who \u003ca href=\"http://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/general/2013/04/03/13-15227_Drakes_Bay_amicus_brief.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">filed a brief\u003c/a> arguing that closing the operation “would have a broad, negative and immediate impact, on the local economy and the sustainable agriculture and food industry in the San Francisco Bay Area, on the school children of the workers who live in the housing units onsite, and, in the longer term, on food security and the U.S. balance of trade.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The case has become a cause celebrate of sorts for libertarian-leaning organizations, and Drakes has been supported by the conservative Pacific Legal Foundation, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificlegal.org/cases#section=tab2\" target=\"_blank\">frequently sues\u003c/a> government agencies on behalf of businesses and individuals. Earlier on in the case, the issue was taken up by Cause of Action, an anti-government group led by a lawyer with ties to the Charles Koch Foundation. From Kelly O'Mara's \u003ca href=\"http://www.callawyer.com/clstory.cfm?eid=933766&wteid=933766_It%27s_Not_Just_About_the_Oysters\" target=\"_blank\">piece\u003c/a> last month for California Lawyer:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Accepting Cause of Action's help seemed sensible to Lunny at first, since it was free. But he ended the relationship soon after PBS \u003cem>NewsHour\u003c/em> aired a segment in May 2013 that mentioned the group's involvement. Lunny says his frustration was less about bad PR than the fact that Cause of Action had used his name in publicizing unrelated issues and in arguing for a newspaper to reveal unnamed sources who criticized the oyster farm in a story. But the group's involvement cemented Drakes Bay's position in the center of larger national debates over conservation, management of all types of federal land, and the limits of federal authority. It also made clear how important a precedent Lunny's case could set.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update\u003c/strong>: Amy Trainer, Executive Director of the West Marin Environmental Action Committee, which opposes a new lease for Drakes Bay Oyster Co., writes in an editorial for the East Bay Express that the company's petition to the Supreme Court is \"full of false statements of fact and exaggerations,\" calling it a \"desperate move full of desperate arguments.\" You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/SevenDays/archives/2014/04/14/opinion-dont-be-fooled-by-drakes-bay-oyster-companys-supreme-court-petition\" target=\"_blank\">read her opinion of this latest legal maneuver in the case here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "California Wildfire Study: Spend on Prevention to Save on Disasters",
"headTitle": "California Wildfire Study: Spend on Prevention to Save on Disasters | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16457\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16457\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/6501scr_74e0f2dda29239a.jpg\" alt=\"Flames from the Rim Fire consume trees on August 25, 2013 near Groveland, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Flames from the Rim Fire consume trees on August 25, 2013 near Groveland, California. (Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.sierranevada.ca.gov/our-work/mokelumne-watershed-analysis/macafullreport\">new study\u003c/a> from the U. S. Forest Service and two environmental groups finds that investing in forest management could shrink the size of wildfires and save California hundreds of millions of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a classic case of pay me now, or pay me a lot more later when the big fires occur,” says David Edelson, the Sierra Nevada Project Director at The Nature Conservancy and a primary author on the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We are in a negative feedback loop, and we’ve gotta stop doing that.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Scientists from The Nature Conservancy, the Sierra Nevada Conservancy and the Forest Service concluded that forest management can save two to three times what it costs to fight and clean up after fires, and shrink the size and intensity of fires up to 75 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The report recommends two steps to manage forests: Thin the undergrowth by cutting down smaller trees so they won’t be able to carry the fire up into the canopy; and conduct prescribed burns to clear the underbrush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“By having frequent low-severity fires the underbrush and small trees cleared out, and the risk of these kinds of destructive megafires was much lower,” says Edelson. “Currently, we’re robbing Peter to pay Paul. When there’s a huge fire, we take the money away from the pots that are used to reduce wildfire risk. We are in a negative feedback loop, and we’ve gotta stop doing that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest costs of a wildfire come from damage to homes and buildings, clean-up after the fire and the massive amount of carbon dioxide released during the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdl id=\"attachment_16433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 898px\">\n\u003cdd class=\"wp-caption-dd\">Total Costs and Benefits for Fuel Treatment Scenarios\u003c/dd>\n\u003c/dl>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 888px\">\u003ca style=\"background-color: #f3f3f3;text-align: center\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/firechartbig.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16433\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/firechartbig.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"888\" height=\"385\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This chart, taken from the report, compares the cost of a fuel treatment program with the money saved by preventing large wildfires, over a 30-year period. The “low” and “high” columns reflect the range of savings.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The study drew on 30 years of fire data from the Mokelumne River watershed, an area researchers said is representative of watersheds across the Sierra Nevada. Based on that history, they forecasted the rate and intensity of fires over the next 30 years under two scenarios: with forest management and without it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current drought is drying out soils and leaving trees weakened, conditions that are conducive to megafires, say scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An event such as the Rim Fire would be more likely in these drought condition years because they are more conducive to intense burning,” says Phil Bowden, the Regional Fuels Program Manager for the U. S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">Fire scientists say\u003c/a> a lack of funding combined with a century of fire suppression has left a massive load of undergrowth in the state’s forests. Right now, the U.S. Forest Service takes fire prevention measures on about 150,000 acres of national park land in California each year; its goal is to raise that to 500,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue has long been on the agenda at the national level, as well. On April 10, the Obama administration released the \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/news/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&pageid=526008\">National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy\u003c/a>, which focuses on fire prevention. For a quick breakdown of its recommendations, check out this Grist \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/news/climate-change-just-reshaped-americas-wildfire-strategy/\">article\u003c/a> by John Upton.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The biggest costs of a wildfire come from damage to homes and buildings, clean-up after the fire and the massive amount of carbon dioxide released during the fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdl id=\"attachment_16433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"width: 898px\">\n\u003cdd class=\"wp-caption-dd\">Total Costs and Benefits for Fuel Treatment Scenarios\u003c/dd>\n\u003c/dl>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16433\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 888px\">\u003ca style=\"background-color: #f3f3f3;text-align: center\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/firechartbig.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16433\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/firechartbig.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"888\" height=\"385\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This chart, taken from the report, compares the cost of a fuel treatment program with the money saved by preventing large wildfires, over a 30-year period. The “low” and “high” columns reflect the range of savings.\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The study drew on 30 years of fire data from the Mokelumne River watershed, an area researchers said is representative of watersheds across the Sierra Nevada. Based on that history, they forecasted the rate and intensity of fires over the next 30 years under two scenarios: with forest management and without it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current drought is drying out soils and leaving trees weakened, conditions that are conducive to megafires, say scientists.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“An event such as the Rim Fire would be more likely in these drought condition years because they are more conducive to intense burning,” says Phil Bowden, the Regional Fuels Program Manager for the U. S. Forest Service Pacific Southwest Region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/can-california-burn-its-way-out-of-its-wildfire-problem/\">Fire scientists say\u003c/a> a lack of funding combined with a century of fire suppression has left a massive load of undergrowth in the state’s forests. Right now, the U.S. Forest Service takes fire prevention measures on about 150,000 acres of national park land in California each year; its goal is to raise that to 500,000 acres.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue has long been on the agenda at the national level, as well. On April 10, the Obama administration released the \u003ca href=\"http://www.doi.gov/news/loader.cfm?csModule=security/getfile&pageid=526008\">National Cohesive Wildland Fire Management Strategy\u003c/a>, which focuses on fire prevention. For a quick breakdown of its recommendations, check out this Grist \u003ca href=\"http://grist.org/news/climate-change-just-reshaped-americas-wildfire-strategy/\">article\u003c/a> by John Upton.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/slaughterhouse.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-132327\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/slaughterhouse-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"slaughterhouse\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nBill Niman is fighting to save his company, BN Ranch, which stands to lose nearly $400,000 from a massive beef recall at a Petaluma slaughterhouse. Niman and others have said his meat is safe. The troubled slaughterhouse \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/04/07/rancho-feeding-corp-reopens-under-new-management\" target=\"_blank\">began operations\u003c/a> this week under the aegis of Marin Sun Farms, a San Francisco-based boutique meat producer. (Mina Kim/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ciframe src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/droughtslides/droughtsliders.html\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lake Oroville is the main reservoir for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/\" target=\"_blank\">State Water Project\u003c/a> and the second-largest California reservoir after Lake Shasta. Watch how the water levels rose and fell over the last year to get a sense of California's drought over time. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"//www.youtube.com/embed/tcDGHeWk15s?rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you bike around Alamo Square, stroll through Chinatown, hit tennis balls in Hayes Valley or enjoy a car-less commute, you already know what a new report by \u003ca href=\"http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/measuring-sprawl\" target=\"_blank\">Smart Growth America\u003c/a> confirms: The Bay Area’s density correlates with better health indicators, more economic mobility and fewer transportation costs. (Jeremy Raff/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/skatepark.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-132328\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/skatepark-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"skatepark\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nA group of skaters built a skate park where Ninth Street dead-ends into the I-880 freeway in West Oakland. The area used to be blighted by trash dumping and other dangerous activity. The skaters built the park without the permission of the city and without documentation, such as a formal lease or insurance. Now Oakland says skateboarders must stop using the skate park immediately if the park is to have any chance of gaining legal status in the future. (Andrew Stelzer/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/victims-day.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-132329\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/victims-day-640x449.jpg\" alt=\"victims day\" width=\"640\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nVictims and families from across the state celebrated National Crime Victims' Rights Week with a march in Sacramento on Tuesday, April 8. Gov. Jerry Brown also attended the event, giving a speech in which he avoided \"tough on crime\" rhetoric. New research out of UC Berkeley's Warren Institute suggests that current public safety policy is failing to help California's most frequent crime victims - low-income African-American and Latino youths. Many victims in those demographic groups are repeatedly targeted, but do not access recovery services. (Kathryn Hunts/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you bike around Alamo Square, stroll through Chinatown, hit tennis balls in Hayes Valley or enjoy a car-less commute, you already know what a new report by \u003ca href=\"http://www.smartgrowthamerica.org/measuring-sprawl\" target=\"_blank\">Smart Growth America\u003c/a> confirms: The Bay Area’s density correlates with better health indicators, more economic mobility and fewer transportation costs. (Jeremy Raff/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/skatepark.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-132328\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/skatepark-640x450.jpg\" alt=\"skatepark\" width=\"640\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nA group of skaters built a skate park where Ninth Street dead-ends into the I-880 freeway in West Oakland. The area used to be blighted by trash dumping and other dangerous activity. The skaters built the park without the permission of the city and without documentation, such as a formal lease or insurance. Now Oakland says skateboarders must stop using the skate park immediately if the park is to have any chance of gaining legal status in the future. (Andrew Stelzer/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp> \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/victims-day.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-132329\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/victims-day-640x449.jpg\" alt=\"victims day\" width=\"640\" height=\"449\">\u003c/a>\u003cbr>\nVictims and families from across the state celebrated National Crime Victims' Rights Week with a march in Sacramento on Tuesday, April 8. Gov. Jerry Brown also attended the event, giving a speech in which he avoided \"tough on crime\" rhetoric. New research out of UC Berkeley's Warren Institute suggests that current public safety policy is failing to help California's most frequent crime victims - low-income African-American and Latino youths. Many victims in those demographic groups are repeatedly targeted, but do not access recovery services. (Kathryn Hunts/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_132206\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/13674395353_87807eebeb_o-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-132206\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/13674395353_87807eebeb_o-1-640x441.jpg\" alt=\"View across the mini-terraces on what is often a slope beneath the surface of Lake Oroville. The terraces are formed by lapping water as the surface level changes. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"441\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View across the mini-terraces on what is often a slope beneath the surface of Lake Oroville. The terraces are formed by lapping water as the surface level changes. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A little more than a year ago, I went car camping to the very nice Loafer Creek Campground at Lake Oroville State Recreation Area. The lake, the main reservoir for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/\" target=\"_blank\">State Water Project\u003c/a> and the second-largest California reservoir after Lake Shasta, was about 85 percent full at the time. If you were following the vagaries of the state's 2012-13 water season, you might have been a little troubled by the fact the rains had virtually ceased after the turn of the new year. What wasn't apparent during that March 27, 2013, visit to Lake Oroville was that the rains wouldn't return in the fall either, and that the lake would fall to just one-third full by January — low in any season, but especially alarming in that the reservoir levels here and virtually everywhere else across the state continued to decline at a time when they'd usually be filling up with runoff from fall and early-winter storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I drove back up to the lake on Jan. 18, the day the reservoir reached its lowest point during the current water year (which for the state Department of Water Resources runs from Oct. 1 through Sept. 30). The difference in the lake's appearance was dramatic. But when seasonal rains finally returned in early February, the lake began to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way of measuring lake level is the height of the lake surface above sea level. When full, \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/facilities/Oroville/LakeDam.cfm\">Lake Oroville's surface is 900 feet above sea level\u003c/a>. When I visited in March 2013, the surface level was 860 feet; when I went back in January, it stood at \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?ORO&d=01-Feb-2014+12:21&span=32days\">701 feet\u003c/a>. The lake's surface elevation is now at \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=ORO&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">762 feet\u003c/a> and rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"e17b60d3144582b0df8d5288e3acc9d7\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last weekend, I went back up to Oroville to take a look and take a new set of pictures to show the change since January. My impressions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I suppose this is a \"glass half-full/half-empty\" exercise on a grand scale, especially since the lake is at almost exactly 50 percent of its total capacity right now. On the one hand, the lake is up 61 feet from the last time I saw it and has added about 40 percent to its storage -- it's added about 500,000 acre-feet since January, enough water for about 1 million California households. More water is coming, too: Even though the forecast for the next couple of weeks and beyond looks pretty dry, and even though we're nearing the tail end of the rainy season, the snowpack will start to melt and run down the branches of the Feather River that flow into the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/droughtslides/droughtsliders.html\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conventional wisdom is that half of the state's stored water is captured in the Sierra snows that wind up in streams, rivers and reservoirs. One slice of Lake Oroville history shows how dramatic an impact the snowpack can have:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drier-than-normal water years in 2007-08 and 2008-09 reduced the reservoir's long-term storage, and after a dry start to the 2009-10 season, Lake Oroville's levels fell to a shade more than 1 million acre-feet, less than 30 percent of capacity, and lowered the surface to \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?ORO&d=10-Jan-2010+08:57&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">665 feet above sea level by early January 2010\u003c/a>; that's about 20 percent less water and about 36 feet lower than the level we saw this past January. Then storms began arriving, dumping more than 20 inches of rain at the dam over the next four months and building the northern Sierra snowpack. The water content of the snow in the Feather River drainage reached about 130 percent of normal by early April 2010. The reservoir, which had reached its lowest point on Jan. 11, kept rising through June 29, when it reached its high point of about 2.7 million acre-feet and elevation of 843 feet above sea level. That's a rise of 178 feet in less than six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A glass half-empty/half-full exercise on a grand scale.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So that's the glass half-full. It's normal for our reservoirs to rise and fall, often dramatically. An empty-looking reservoir can fill up in a hurry when enough rain and snow arrive. And no, I'm not addressing here the impact of how the reservoirs are operated — how much water is released, when and why. To a certain extent, water managers need to be risk-takers, basing decisions on how much water they send to farms and cities downstream on educated guesses about long-term weather and watershed conditions. A year ago, when Lake Oroville was pushing 90 percent capacity, the Department of Water Resources was willing to freely release supplies. This year, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/04/09/during-long-dry-summer-of-drought-nobody-wins/\" target=\"_blank\">as my KQED Science colleague Lauren Sommer reports\u003c/a>, managers are cutting deliveries to virtually nothing and conserving as much of the reservoir supplies as they can just in case the drought continues into next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that brings us to the empty half of the glass for Lake Oroville: This year, the DWR estimates that the water content in the thin layer of snow in the Feather River watershed is just 13 percent of average for this time of year. Thirteen percent. So, we're not going to see any late season rise in the lake like the one in 2010. More likely, we'll see a scenario more like the one that unfolded in 2007-08, when drier-than-normal years left the lake at close to the same level we see today — 753 feet. The watershed's snowpack was also lower than normal, and though snowpack runoff gave the lake a boost, the reservoir topped out at just 760 feet and 50 percent capacity in late May. That dry rain year was followed by another, and in February 2009 the state declared a drought emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of this is meant to make a single reservoir, even a big one like Lake Oroville, seem more important than it really is. But in a state where it typically doesn't rain six months of the year, all that stored water makes it possible for 38 million people to live side by side with the nation's richest farm economy. And at the moment, Lake Oroville's water storage happens to mirror what's happening with the state's water supply picture as a whole: The Department of Water Resources' daily summary of 44 key reservoirs shows them collectively at 64.4 percent of average for today's date. Lake Oroville is at 65 percent.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_132206\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/13674395353_87807eebeb_o-1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-132206\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/13674395353_87807eebeb_o-1-640x441.jpg\" alt=\"View across the mini-terraces on what is often a slope beneath the surface of Lake Oroville. The terraces are formed by lapping water as the surface level changes. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"441\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">View across the mini-terraces on what is often a slope beneath the surface of Lake Oroville. The terraces are formed by lapping water as the surface level changes. (Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A little more than a year ago, I went car camping to the very nice Loafer Creek Campground at Lake Oroville State Recreation Area. The lake, the main reservoir for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/\" target=\"_blank\">State Water Project\u003c/a> and the second-largest California reservoir after Lake Shasta, was about 85 percent full at the time. If you were following the vagaries of the state's 2012-13 water season, you might have been a little troubled by the fact the rains had virtually ceased after the turn of the new year. What wasn't apparent during that March 27, 2013, visit to Lake Oroville was that the rains wouldn't return in the fall either, and that the lake would fall to just one-third full by January — low in any season, but especially alarming in that the reservoir levels here and virtually everywhere else across the state continued to decline at a time when they'd usually be filling up with runoff from fall and early-winter storms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I drove back up to the lake on Jan. 18, the day the reservoir reached its lowest point during the current water year (which for the state Department of Water Resources runs from Oct. 1 through Sept. 30). The difference in the lake's appearance was dramatic. But when seasonal rains finally returned in early February, the lake began to rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One way of measuring lake level is the height of the lake surface above sea level. When full, \u003ca href=\"http://www.water.ca.gov/swp/facilities/Oroville/LakeDam.cfm\">Lake Oroville's surface is 900 feet above sea level\u003c/a>. When I visited in March 2013, the surface level was 860 feet; when I went back in January, it stood at \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?ORO&d=01-Feb-2014+12:21&span=32days\">701 feet\u003c/a>. The lake's surface elevation is now at \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?s=ORO&d=&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">762 feet\u003c/a> and rising.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last weekend, I went back up to Oroville to take a look and take a new set of pictures to show the change since January. My impressions:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I suppose this is a \"glass half-full/half-empty\" exercise on a grand scale, especially since the lake is at almost exactly 50 percent of its total capacity right now. On the one hand, the lake is up 61 feet from the last time I saw it and has added about 40 percent to its storage -- it's added about 500,000 acre-feet since January, enough water for about 1 million California households. More water is coming, too: Even though the forecast for the next couple of weeks and beyond looks pretty dry, and even though we're nearing the tail end of the rainy season, the snowpack will start to melt and run down the branches of the Feather River that flow into the lake.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/droughtslides/droughtsliders.html\" scrolling=\"no\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" frameborder=\"0\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The conventional wisdom is that half of the state's stored water is captured in the Sierra snows that wind up in streams, rivers and reservoirs. One slice of Lake Oroville history shows how dramatic an impact the snowpack can have:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Drier-than-normal water years in 2007-08 and 2008-09 reduced the reservoir's long-term storage, and after a dry start to the 2009-10 season, Lake Oroville's levels fell to a shade more than 1 million acre-feet, less than 30 percent of capacity, and lowered the surface to \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?ORO&d=10-Jan-2010+08:57&span=1month\" target=\"_blank\">665 feet above sea level by early January 2010\u003c/a>; that's about 20 percent less water and about 36 feet lower than the level we saw this past January. Then storms began arriving, dumping more than 20 inches of rain at the dam over the next four months and building the northern Sierra snowpack. The water content of the snow in the Feather River drainage reached about 130 percent of normal by early April 2010. The reservoir, which had reached its lowest point on Jan. 11, kept rising through June 29, when it reached its high point of about 2.7 million acre-feet and elevation of 843 feet above sea level. That's a rise of 178 feet in less than six months.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">A glass half-empty/half-full exercise on a grand scale.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>So that's the glass half-full. It's normal for our reservoirs to rise and fall, often dramatically. An empty-looking reservoir can fill up in a hurry when enough rain and snow arrive. And no, I'm not addressing here the impact of how the reservoirs are operated — how much water is released, when and why. To a certain extent, water managers need to be risk-takers, basing decisions on how much water they send to farms and cities downstream on educated guesses about long-term weather and watershed conditions. A year ago, when Lake Oroville was pushing 90 percent capacity, the Department of Water Resources was willing to freely release supplies. This year, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/04/09/during-long-dry-summer-of-drought-nobody-wins/\" target=\"_blank\">as my KQED Science colleague Lauren Sommer reports\u003c/a>, managers are cutting deliveries to virtually nothing and conserving as much of the reservoir supplies as they can just in case the drought continues into next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that brings us to the empty half of the glass for Lake Oroville: This year, the DWR estimates that the water content in the thin layer of snow in the Feather River watershed is just 13 percent of average for this time of year. Thirteen percent. So, we're not going to see any late season rise in the lake like the one in 2010. More likely, we'll see a scenario more like the one that unfolded in 2007-08, when drier-than-normal years left the lake at close to the same level we see today — 753 feet. The watershed's snowpack was also lower than normal, and though snowpack runoff gave the lake a boost, the reservoir topped out at just 760 feet and 50 percent capacity in late May. That dry rain year was followed by another, and in February 2009 the state declared a drought emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of this is meant to make a single reservoir, even a big one like Lake Oroville, seem more important than it really is. But in a state where it typically doesn't rain six months of the year, all that stored water makes it possible for 38 million people to live side by side with the nation's richest farm economy. And at the moment, Lake Oroville's water storage happens to mirror what's happening with the state's water supply picture as a whole: The Department of Water Resources' daily summary of 44 key reservoirs shows them collectively at 64.4 percent of average for today's date. Lake Oroville is at 65 percent.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "During Long, Dry Summer of Drought, Nobody Wins",
"headTitle": "During Long, Dry Summer of Drought, Nobody Wins | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16371\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Healdsburg_4493.jpg\" alt=\"A woman and her dog sit by a shrunken stretch of the Russian River in Healdsburg, Sonoma County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16371\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman and her dog sit by a shrunken stretch of the Russian River in Healdsburg, Sonoma County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With California’s reservoirs and snowpack \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/03/18/into-the-drought-californias-shrinking-reservoirs/\">still far below normal\u003c/a>, state officials \u003ca href=\"http://www.ca.gov/drought/top-story-4.html\">released a plan\u003c/a> on Wednesday that outlines how they’ll manage meager water supplies during the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think anybody has enjoyed the recent storm events more than I have,” said Mark Cowin, who heads the Department of Water Resources. “But it’s pretty clear that our dry and warm weather has returned and I expect that the reality of drought will become much more apparent to us all moving forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a diplomatic way of saying that water managers are walking a tightrope this year, balancing three competing needs: how much water to deliver to people and agriculture, how much to provide for wildlife and how much to save for next year, in case it’s just as dry. Here’s how they propose to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water for People\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts around the state have already been warned to expect \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/21/federal-water-project-announces-deep-drought-cuts/\">no water deliveries\u003c/a> from the two main projects in California, the State Water Project and the federally operated Central Valley Project. While drinking water needs would be met, agricultural water would be cut, leading many farmers to fallow some of their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent storms have lifted conditions out of the worst-cast scenario for which the state was planning. So far, that extra water is earmarked for two purposes. Some is going to water districts that were already owed water from last year, because at the time, they opted to carry the supply over to this year instead of using it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some water is going to holders of “senior” water rights. Under California’s complex system of rights, they’re first in line to have their needs met. That includes rights holders on the Feather River, north of Sacramento, and San Joaquin River exchange contractors in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to how much districts with “junior” rights will get, state officials left the door open on what their final water deliveries would be, saying they’re still analyzing the effects of recent storms on the \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/04/01/sierra-snowpack-better-but-far-from-whats-needed-for-drought/\">Sierra snowpack\u003c/a>, and that a reassessment may come later this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water for Wildlife\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is also suspending some rules designed to protect endangered salmon and fish in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>. The standards specify the amount of freshwater in the ecosystem, as well as the quality and temperature – all factors that help chinook salmon, steelhead and Delta smelt survive and reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This proposal falls far short of being a balanced plan,” says Kate Poole of the Natural Resources Defense Council. “It calls for the Central Valley Project and State Water Project to violate upstream water temperature requirements, waive water quality standards and violate pumping restrictions in the Delta.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”912fb154015396400e782621b5625d64″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what we’re doing is finding maximum flexibility under existing law and trying to balance multiple needs in a third dry year,” said Chuck Bonham of California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toll on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/12/drought-leads-to-tough-tradeoffs-for-california-salmon/\">endangered winter-run chinook salmon\u003c/a> could be substantial. Adult salmon lay their eggs in the Sacramento River during the summer. To survive, the eggs and young salmon rely on cold water, which is released from Shasta Dam. Under the worst-case scenario, water in the river would be too warm for salmon by the end of the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a serious situation for that species,” says Maria Rea of NOAA Fisheries. The plan includes increased monitoring of salmon. Rea says they’re also looking at producing more young hatchery salmon and potentially rescuing salmon in the river and relocating them to new habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife refuges and wetlands, a \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/during-drought-pop-up-wetlands-give-birds-a-break/\">crucial stopover for migratory birds\u003c/a>, will receive 15-to-30 percent of their water supply. “We’re looking at very wet conditions in the Midwest and Canada,” said Bonham. “We anticipate a whole heck of a lot of birds coming to California and they’ll be looking down at some of the driest habitat they’ve seen in decades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water for Next Year\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the state faces a growing chorus of demands for water this year, officials are also planning to bank water, in case 2015 is an equally dry year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we consider any increase in allocations, one of our priorities will be to ensure we have enough water to meet those 2015 needs,” said Cowin. Demand for drinking water from state and federal projects could be even higher next year, as water districts lean heavily on local supplies to meet needs this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan calls for 1 million acre-feet of water to be reserved in Lake Oroville this year. (One acre-foot is about 325,000 gallons, about what two California household use in a year.) Federal reservoirs will hold 1.4-to-1.9 million acre-feet of water to carry over into next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current plan doesn’t factor in a possible El Niño, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25208082/california-drought-rare-good-news-storms-move-and\">some early indications\u003c/a> show could create wet conditions this winter. “Clearly, we’d love an El Niño or any other weather condition that improves the drought situation but we’re not going to bet on that,” says Cowin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials stressed that the plan is a framework for water operations this summer, but could change as demands and priorities shift.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"description": "Water managers are walking a tightrope this year, balancing three competing needs: how much water to deliver to people and agriculture, how much to provide for wildlife and how much to save for next year, in case it’s just as dry.",
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"headline": "During Long, Dry Summer of Drought, Nobody Wins",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_16371\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/04/Healdsburg_4493.jpg\" alt=\"A woman and her dog sit by a shrunken stretch of the Russian River in Healdsburg, Sonoma County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\" class=\"size-full wp-image-16371\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A woman and her dog sit by a shrunken stretch of the Russian River in Healdsburg, Sonoma County. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>With California’s reservoirs and snowpack \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/lowdown/2014/03/18/into-the-drought-californias-shrinking-reservoirs/\">still far below normal\u003c/a>, state officials \u003ca href=\"http://www.ca.gov/drought/top-story-4.html\">released a plan\u003c/a> on Wednesday that outlines how they’ll manage meager water supplies during the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t think anybody has enjoyed the recent storm events more than I have,” said Mark Cowin, who heads the Department of Water Resources. “But it’s pretty clear that our dry and warm weather has returned and I expect that the reality of drought will become much more apparent to us all moving forward.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s a diplomatic way of saying that water managers are walking a tightrope this year, balancing three competing needs: how much water to deliver to people and agriculture, how much to provide for wildlife and how much to save for next year, in case it’s just as dry. Here’s how they propose to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water for People\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water districts around the state have already been warned to expect \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/21/federal-water-project-announces-deep-drought-cuts/\">no water deliveries\u003c/a> from the two main projects in California, the State Water Project and the federally operated Central Valley Project. While drinking water needs would be met, agricultural water would be cut, leading many farmers to fallow some of their land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent storms have lifted conditions out of the worst-cast scenario for which the state was planning. So far, that extra water is earmarked for two purposes. Some is going to water districts that were already owed water from last year, because at the time, they opted to carry the supply over to this year instead of using it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some water is going to holders of “senior” water rights. Under California’s complex system of rights, they’re first in line to have their needs met. That includes rights holders on the Feather River, north of Sacramento, and San Joaquin River exchange contractors in the Central Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As to how much districts with “junior” rights will get, state officials left the door open on what their final water deliveries would be, saying they’re still analyzing the effects of recent storms on the \u003ca title=\"Q-Sci - post\" href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/04/01/sierra-snowpack-better-but-far-from-whats-needed-for-drought/\">Sierra snowpack\u003c/a>, and that a reassessment may come later this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water for Wildlife\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state is also suspending some rules designed to protect endangered salmon and fish in the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/series/ca-delta/\">Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta\u003c/a>. The standards specify the amount of freshwater in the ecosystem, as well as the quality and temperature – all factors that help chinook salmon, steelhead and Delta smelt survive and reproduce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This proposal falls far short of being a balanced plan,” says Kate Poole of the Natural Resources Defense Council. “It calls for the Central Valley Project and State Water Project to violate upstream water temperature requirements, waive water quality standards and violate pumping restrictions in the Delta.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think what we’re doing is finding maximum flexibility under existing law and trying to balance multiple needs in a third dry year,” said Chuck Bonham of California’s Department of Fish and Wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The toll on \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/02/12/drought-leads-to-tough-tradeoffs-for-california-salmon/\">endangered winter-run chinook salmon\u003c/a> could be substantial. Adult salmon lay their eggs in the Sacramento River during the summer. To survive, the eggs and young salmon rely on cold water, which is released from Shasta Dam. Under the worst-case scenario, water in the river would be too warm for salmon by the end of the summer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a serious situation for that species,” says Maria Rea of NOAA Fisheries. The plan includes increased monitoring of salmon. Rea says they’re also looking at producing more young hatchery salmon and potentially rescuing salmon in the river and relocating them to new habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wildlife refuges and wetlands, a \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/during-drought-pop-up-wetlands-give-birds-a-break/\">crucial stopover for migratory birds\u003c/a>, will receive 15-to-30 percent of their water supply. “We’re looking at very wet conditions in the Midwest and Canada,” said Bonham. “We anticipate a whole heck of a lot of birds coming to California and they’ll be looking down at some of the driest habitat they’ve seen in decades.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Water for Next Year\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the state faces a growing chorus of demands for water this year, officials are also planning to bank water, in case 2015 is an equally dry year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As we consider any increase in allocations, one of our priorities will be to ensure we have enough water to meet those 2015 needs,” said Cowin. Demand for drinking water from state and federal projects could be even higher next year, as water districts lean heavily on local supplies to meet needs this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan calls for 1 million acre-feet of water to be reserved in Lake Oroville this year. (One acre-foot is about 325,000 gallons, about what two California household use in a year.) Federal reservoirs will hold 1.4-to-1.9 million acre-feet of water to carry over into next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The current plan doesn’t factor in a possible El Niño, which \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/science/ci_25208082/california-drought-rare-good-news-storms-move-and\">some early indications\u003c/a> show could create wet conditions this winter. “Clearly, we’d love an El Niño or any other weather condition that improves the drought situation but we’re not going to bet on that,” says Cowin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials stressed that the plan is a framework for water operations this summer, but could change as demands and priorities shift.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "san-joaquin-named-nations-most-endangered-river",
"title": "San Joaquin Named Nation's Most Endangered River",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_132091\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/RS8937_Drought_JoshC-4304-lpr-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-132091\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/RS8937_Drought_JoshC-4304-lpr-1-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"A dry stretch of the San Joaquin River near Los Banos. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dry stretch of the San Joaquin River near Los Banos. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two California waterways — one a major Central Valley river, the other a Peninsula creek, and both the subject of controversy — are featured on \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanrivers.org/endangered-rivers/2014-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an annual list of the most endangered U.S. rivers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American Rivers, a conservation group dedicated to preserving and restoring wild streams across the country, named \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanrivers.org/endangered-rivers/2014-report/san-joaquin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the San Joaquin River the nation’s No. 1 most endangered waterway\u003c/a>. San Francisquito Creek, a stream that runs from the Peninsula hills down through the campus of Stanford University into San Francisco Bay, is \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanrivers.org/endangered-rivers/2014-report/san-francisquito-creek/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">No. 5 on the American Rivers list\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calling the San Joaquin “endangered” is a bit of an understatement. Long stretches of the river have run dry since Friant Dam, northeast of Fresno, was completed in the late 1940s. The river is heavily tapped for the San Joaquin Valley’s farms and growing cities. And it’s the subject of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/03/brown-blasts-gop-drought-bill-as-divisive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an ongoing congressional battle\u003c/a> over a court-approved plan to restore flows to the river \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/audio/california-drought-one-more-setback-for-river-that-runs-dry/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to allow re-establishment of chinook salmon runs\u003c/a> wiped out when the river was dammed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American Rivers points out that the state of the San Joaquin is actually a Bay Area story. That’s because 2.5 million people in San Francisco, the Peninsula and southern Alameda County get water from the Tuolumne River, one of the San Joaquin’s big tributaries. (Through its Hetch Hetchy system, San Francisco also uses the Tuolumne to generate its municipal power supply.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the group’s summary of the threats the river faces:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Years of managing the San Joaquin for agriculture, hydropower, and flood control have taken their toll on the river. Dams, levees, and excessive water diversions have hurt river habitat and opportunities for recreation and community access. Over one hundred miles of the mainstem river have been dry for over fifty years, and water diversions along the tributaries take more than 70 percent of the natural flow. The river’s salmon and steelhead populations are on the brink of extinction. Excessive diversions, groundwater overdraft, and unsustainable water management have also made communities vulnerable to increasingly frequent and severe droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The present drought places additional stress on the river and its communities, but we must not allow the drought to force rash decisions — like cutting environmental protections — that will harm the river, fish and wildlife, and communities for years to come.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In naming San Francisquito Creek one of the most endangered streams in the country, American Rivers is drawing attention to a long-running battle over Stanford University’s Searsville Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, environmental groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201301300850/c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">filed suit over the dam\u003c/a>, which impounds a San Francisquito tributary called Corte Madera Creek, saying it impairs habitat for endangered steelhead trout. Conservation groups, including American Rivers, have banded together in a coalition called \u003ca href=\"http://www.beyondsearsvilledam.org/Beyond_Searsville_Dam/Home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beyond Searsville Dam\u003c/a> to push for removal of the 65-foot-high, 1890s-era structure and restoration of steelhead spawning habitat. They argue that because the reservoir behind the dam is nearly completely silted in, the facility has outlived its usefulness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford, which uses the reservoir for nonpotable uses like landscape watering and fire protection, \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/searsville/faqs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has argued \u003c/a>the facility still plays a key ecological role in the university’s\u003ca href=\"http://jrbp.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve\u003c/a> and that more study is needed before any decision on the dam’s future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reporting on California land policy, planning and conservation is supported by a grant from the S.D. Bechtel Jr. Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_132091\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/RS8937_Drought_JoshC-4304-lpr-1.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-132091\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/RS8937_Drought_JoshC-4304-lpr-1-640x426.jpg\" alt=\"A dry stretch of the San Joaquin River near Los Banos. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"426\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dry stretch of the San Joaquin River near Los Banos. (Josh Cassidy/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Two California waterways — one a major Central Valley river, the other a Peninsula creek, and both the subject of controversy — are featured on \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanrivers.org/endangered-rivers/2014-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an annual list of the most endangered U.S. rivers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American Rivers, a conservation group dedicated to preserving and restoring wild streams across the country, named \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanrivers.org/endangered-rivers/2014-report/san-joaquin/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the San Joaquin River the nation’s No. 1 most endangered waterway\u003c/a>. San Francisquito Creek, a stream that runs from the Peninsula hills down through the campus of Stanford University into San Francisco Bay, is \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanrivers.org/endangered-rivers/2014-report/san-francisquito-creek/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">No. 5 on the American Rivers list\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calling the San Joaquin “endangered” is a bit of an understatement. Long stretches of the river have run dry since Friant Dam, northeast of Fresno, was completed in the late 1940s. The river is heavily tapped for the San Joaquin Valley’s farms and growing cities. And it’s the subject of \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/03/brown-blasts-gop-drought-bill-as-divisive\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an ongoing congressional battle\u003c/a> over a court-approved plan to restore flows to the river \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/audio/california-drought-one-more-setback-for-river-that-runs-dry/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">to allow re-establishment of chinook salmon runs\u003c/a> wiped out when the river was dammed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>American Rivers points out that the state of the San Joaquin is actually a Bay Area story. That’s because 2.5 million people in San Francisco, the Peninsula and southern Alameda County get water from the Tuolumne River, one of the San Joaquin’s big tributaries. (Through its Hetch Hetchy system, San Francisco also uses the Tuolumne to generate its municipal power supply.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s the group’s summary of the threats the river faces:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Years of managing the San Joaquin for agriculture, hydropower, and flood control have taken their toll on the river. Dams, levees, and excessive water diversions have hurt river habitat and opportunities for recreation and community access. Over one hundred miles of the mainstem river have been dry for over fifty years, and water diversions along the tributaries take more than 70 percent of the natural flow. The river’s salmon and steelhead populations are on the brink of extinction. Excessive diversions, groundwater overdraft, and unsustainable water management have also made communities vulnerable to increasingly frequent and severe droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The present drought places additional stress on the river and its communities, but we must not allow the drought to force rash decisions — like cutting environmental protections — that will harm the river, fish and wildlife, and communities for years to come.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In naming San Francisquito Creek one of the most endangered streams in the country, American Rivers is drawing attention to a long-running battle over Stanford University’s Searsville Dam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, environmental groups \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiareport.org/archive/R201301300850/c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">filed suit over the dam\u003c/a>, which impounds a San Francisquito tributary called Corte Madera Creek, saying it impairs habitat for endangered steelhead trout. Conservation groups, including American Rivers, have banded together in a coalition called \u003ca href=\"http://www.beyondsearsvilledam.org/Beyond_Searsville_Dam/Home.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beyond Searsville Dam\u003c/a> to push for removal of the 65-foot-high, 1890s-era structure and restoration of steelhead spawning habitat. They argue that because the reservoir behind the dam is nearly completely silted in, the facility has outlived its usefulness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stanford, which uses the reservoir for nonpotable uses like landscape watering and fire protection, \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/searsville/faqs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">has argued \u003c/a>the facility still plays a key ecological role in the university’s\u003ca href=\"http://jrbp.stanford.edu/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve\u003c/a> and that more study is needed before any decision on the dam’s future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Reporting on California land policy, planning and conservation is supported by a grant from the S.D. Bechtel Jr. Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Use of Greywater Catching On as Drought Continues",
"title": "Use of Greywater Catching On as Drought Continues",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2014/04/2014-04-09b-tcr.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I love doing laundry at my little house. I can walk out my kitchen door a dozen steps to a stacked washer-dryer in a shed around the back. I love the hollow, vibrating sound of the water outside my bedroom window, rushing out at the end of the wash cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That water contains soap, maybe some bacteria, hair or lint, but it’s good enough to water outdoor plants. Laundry water is the most common type of what's known as graywater -- basically any used household water that doesn't flow through toilets and kitchen sinks. In most homes, including mine, it disappears down the drain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who have lived through California drought before remember the old bucket-in-the-shower trick – a way to save lightly used water for your plants. Graywater plumbing systems can do this better. But while California had the first law on the books permitting home water recycling, homeowners have been slow to adopt it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A committed network of do-it-yourselfers has worked more than 15 years to change that. In that time, some of the former roadblocks to recycling water at home have become speed bumps. Smooth out the road to graywater, these conservationists say, and there’s plenty of opportunity to save water fast. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Activists\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://greywateraction.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Greywater Action\u003c/a> founder Laura Allen has been working on recycling water at home since the days when doing so was basically illegal -- which wasn’t that long ago. The California Plumbing Code has technically allowed graywater reuse since 1994. But until a few years ago, a system was cost-prohibitive to install, as much as $7,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10141108\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 321px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/LauraAllen.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/LauraAllen-321x450.jpg\" alt=\"Greywater Action's Laura Allen got her start recycling water at home illegally, in the Bay Area. Her activism helped change state law. (Molly Peterson/KQED)\" width=\"321\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10141108\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Greywater Action's Laura Allen got her start recycling water at home illegally, in the Bay Area. Her activism helped change state law. (Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A change in state law five years back allowed people to put in basic graywater capture systems for a few hundred dollars. These laundry-to-landscape systems now require no inspections or permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s nearly impossible to track how many home water-recycling systems exist in California. But in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.environment.ucla.edu/reportcard/article4870.html\" target=\"_blank\">2009 UCLA Institute of the Environment regional report card\u003c/a>, Yoram Cohen wrote that if just 10 percent of Southern California homes reused their graywater, the savings would equal the output of a desalination plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through lobbying and raising public awareness, Allen said, she and her cohorts have seen progress in Northern California. The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission puts out a handbook for graywater. In Santa Rosa, \u003ca href=\"http://ci.santa-rosa.ca.us/departments/utilities/conserve/Pages/Graywater.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">officials offer rebates\u003c/a> and will come to your home to help you plan your own system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now activists have their eyes trained on the thirsty south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When your water comes from really far away, there’s no need in people's mind to be aware. And no one's forcing you to be aware of what’s going on with these water sources,” Allen said. “It takes more education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Video: \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WdV_gbOipQs&feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\">Greywater Action's Laura Allen explains a laundry-to-landscape system\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Homeowners\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of Allen’s workshop requires people to match pieces of plumbing with their proper name – so shopping the aisles of Home Depot can be easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ferrari family from Upland (San Bernardino County) gave it a shot on a recent Saturday at the Los Angeles Eco-Village. They came to learn how to reuse their laundry water. Margie Ferrari in particular was animated as she talked about using the water to help nurture her pine trees. (Graywater can only be used for outdoor trees and plants. For health reasons, it cannot be used for lawns and for root vegetables.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10141112\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 357px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/GraywaterCrew.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/GraywaterCrew.jpg\" alt=\"Laura Allen leads would-be gray water system installers through a demonstration at the Los Angeles Eco-Village. (Molly Peterson/KQED)\" width=\"357\" height=\"381\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10141112\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laura Allen leads would-be gray water system installers through a demonstration at the Los Angeles Eco-Village. (Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m always reducing and reusing and reclaiming and regifting and every word like that,\" she said. \"The idea that we could reuse water that’s just going into our septic tank, that’s very exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ferraris went home with some sketches and plans for a shower-water recycling system. They eventually want to capture all their available graywater, but installing the needed plumbing on bathroom sinks and showers requires a permit. Officials in Upland told her nobody had ever applied for one before. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm going to take this to our local branch and say, ‘People are doing this,’ “she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Builders and Plumbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ferraris' story underscores one of the main impediments to wider adoption of graywater systems: the complexity of state rules that govern them and the ability of local building officials to apply them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Architect and consultant \u003ca href=\"http://leighjerrard.com/greywater01.html\" target=\"_blank\">Leigh Jerrard\u003c/a> said the state code for graywater was written with the help of the traditional plumbing industry. “Graywater violates the essential plumber’s creed, which is that there’s supply and there’s waste and never the twain shall meet,\" he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules are getting easier to follow and cities, including Los Angeles, are helping. In the L.A. Department of Building and Safety, \u003ca href=\"http://www.green-technology.org/green_technology_magazine/players-in-a-field-of-green/a-partnership-for-green-schools-funding/calgreen-a-new-code-comes-to-life/green-opportunity-california-laws-creating-new-markets/calgreen-comes-to-los-angeles-an-interview-with-osama-younan/\" target=\"_blank\">Osama Younan\u003c/a> oversees graywater permits for the Green Building Division. He says he understands that the permit process can seem intimidating, so the city’s trying to help with standardized forms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For example, you want to take your shower water and put it in your garden,” he said. “So you have a standard plan, you fill it out and you do it right over the counter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That still leaves plenty of work for consultants like Leigh Jarrard. He obtains permits and helps homeowners capture all the graywater possible. These days, he says he’s “pretty busy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Health Officials … and the Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the people he’s helped is Mount Washington homeowner Mark Vallianatos, who recently showed me the maintenance he has to do for his sizable graywater system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nasty,” he said as he cleaned the filter sock that traps solids before they hit the irrigation lines. “But you get proof, that something’s coming out of your house and going into the graywater system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His house sits atop a steep hill, and Vallianatos uses his graywater on fruit trees below. On his road to recycled water, Vallianatos met with one of the speed bumps to graywater: health concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials, lawmakers and plumbers harbor a fear that do-it-yourselfers and non-traditional plumbers will inadvertently mix graywater with drinkable water. A health inspector made Vallianatos’ contractor redo part of his installation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10141115\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 266px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/GraywaterBroDog.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/GraywaterBroDog-266x225.jpg\" alt=\"Mark Vallianatos paid a consultant to get the permits for and install a more complex graywater system in his house in the Mount Washington neighborhood of Los Angeles. He believes local authorities should make home recycling of water as easy as possible to do. (Molly Peterson/KQED)\" width=\"266\" height=\"225\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10141115\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Vallianatos paid a consultant to get the permits for and install a more complex graywater system in his house in the Mount Washington neighborhood of Los Angeles. He believes local authorities should make home recycling of water as easy as possible to do. (Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"He had to paint on the side of this weird little plastic tank on my hillside, ‘NOT POTABLE WATER – DO NOT DRINK.’ Which seems sort of ridiculous because no one’s looking, snooping around.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>L.A. County health officials said they’ve approved 30 or 40 of these more complex graywater systems since the state changed the code. But \u003ca href=\"https://publichealth.lacounty.gov/eh/EHDirector.htm\" target=\"_blank\">L.A. County’s director of environmental health\u003c/a>, Angelo Bellomo, acknowledged there’s a sea change in thinking underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our goal in the past has been to protect potable water supply,\" he said. \"But we have to keep in mind there are two public health goals here today, in view of the impending water crisis in the future. We have to be concerned not only about water quality but also about water availability.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vallianatos likes the sound of that. He’s the kind of guy who’s doing everything he can to understand his water supply. He wants state and local agencies to help other people also do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It’s something you can look at, you can touch,\" he said, surveying his hillside. \"It kind of connects you to your surroundings better than if everything is in city pipes. So I like it for that reason, too.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/tcr/2014/04/2014-04-09b-tcr.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I love doing laundry at my little house. I can walk out my kitchen door a dozen steps to a stacked washer-dryer in a shed around the back. I love the hollow, vibrating sound of the water outside my bedroom window, rushing out at the end of the wash cycle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That water contains soap, maybe some bacteria, hair or lint, but it’s good enough to water outdoor plants. Laundry water is the most common type of what's known as graywater -- basically any used household water that doesn't flow through toilets and kitchen sinks. In most homes, including mine, it disappears down the drain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who have lived through California drought before remember the old bucket-in-the-shower trick – a way to save lightly used water for your plants. Graywater plumbing systems can do this better. But while California had the first law on the books permitting home water recycling, homeowners have been slow to adopt it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A committed network of do-it-yourselfers has worked more than 15 years to change that. In that time, some of the former roadblocks to recycling water at home have become speed bumps. Smooth out the road to graywater, these conservationists say, and there’s plenty of opportunity to save water fast. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Activists\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://greywateraction.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Greywater Action\u003c/a> founder Laura Allen has been working on recycling water at home since the days when doing so was basically illegal -- which wasn’t that long ago. The California Plumbing Code has technically allowed graywater reuse since 1994. But until a few years ago, a system was cost-prohibitive to install, as much as $7,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10141108\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 321px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/LauraAllen.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/LauraAllen-321x450.jpg\" alt=\"Greywater Action's Laura Allen got her start recycling water at home illegally, in the Bay Area. Her activism helped change state law. (Molly Peterson/KQED)\" width=\"321\" height=\"450\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10141108\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Greywater Action's Laura Allen got her start recycling water at home illegally, in the Bay Area. Her activism helped change state law. (Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A change in state law five years back allowed people to put in basic graywater capture systems for a few hundred dollars. These laundry-to-landscape systems now require no inspections or permits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s nearly impossible to track how many home water-recycling systems exist in California. But in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.environment.ucla.edu/reportcard/article4870.html\" target=\"_blank\">2009 UCLA Institute of the Environment regional report card\u003c/a>, Yoram Cohen wrote that if just 10 percent of Southern California homes reused their graywater, the savings would equal the output of a desalination plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Through lobbying and raising public awareness, Allen said, she and her cohorts have seen progress in Northern California. The San Francisco Public Utilities Commission puts out a handbook for graywater. In Santa Rosa, \u003ca href=\"http://ci.santa-rosa.ca.us/departments/utilities/conserve/Pages/Graywater.aspx\" target=\"_blank\">officials offer rebates\u003c/a> and will come to your home to help you plan your own system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now activists have their eyes trained on the thirsty south.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When your water comes from really far away, there’s no need in people's mind to be aware. And no one's forcing you to be aware of what’s going on with these water sources,” Allen said. “It takes more education.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Video: \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WdV_gbOipQs&feature=youtu.be\" target=\"_blank\">Greywater Action's Laura Allen explains a laundry-to-landscape system\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Homeowners\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Part of Allen’s workshop requires people to match pieces of plumbing with their proper name – so shopping the aisles of Home Depot can be easier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ferrari family from Upland (San Bernardino County) gave it a shot on a recent Saturday at the Los Angeles Eco-Village. They came to learn how to reuse their laundry water. Margie Ferrari in particular was animated as she talked about using the water to help nurture her pine trees. (Graywater can only be used for outdoor trees and plants. For health reasons, it cannot be used for lawns and for root vegetables.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10141112\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 357px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/GraywaterCrew.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/09/GraywaterCrew.jpg\" alt=\"Laura Allen leads would-be gray water system installers through a demonstration at the Los Angeles Eco-Village. (Molly Peterson/KQED)\" width=\"357\" height=\"381\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10141112\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Laura Allen leads would-be gray water system installers through a demonstration at the Los Angeles Eco-Village. (Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“I’m always reducing and reusing and reclaiming and regifting and every word like that,\" she said. \"The idea that we could reuse water that’s just going into our septic tank, that’s very exciting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ferraris went home with some sketches and plans for a shower-water recycling system. They eventually want to capture all their available graywater, but installing the needed plumbing on bathroom sinks and showers requires a permit. Officials in Upland told her nobody had ever applied for one before. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm going to take this to our local branch and say, ‘People are doing this,’ “she said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Builders and Plumbers\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Ferraris' story underscores one of the main impediments to wider adoption of graywater systems: the complexity of state rules that govern them and the ability of local building officials to apply them. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Architect and consultant \u003ca href=\"http://leighjerrard.com/greywater01.html\" target=\"_blank\">Leigh Jerrard\u003c/a> said the state code for graywater was written with the help of the traditional plumbing industry. “Graywater violates the essential plumber’s creed, which is that there’s supply and there’s waste and never the twain shall meet,\" he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rules are getting easier to follow and cities, including Los Angeles, are helping. In the L.A. Department of Building and Safety, \u003ca href=\"http://www.green-technology.org/green_technology_magazine/players-in-a-field-of-green/a-partnership-for-green-schools-funding/calgreen-a-new-code-comes-to-life/green-opportunity-california-laws-creating-new-markets/calgreen-comes-to-los-angeles-an-interview-with-osama-younan/\" target=\"_blank\">Osama Younan\u003c/a> oversees graywater permits for the Green Building Division. He says he understands that the permit process can seem intimidating, so the city’s trying to help with standardized forms. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For example, you want to take your shower water and put it in your garden,” he said. “So you have a standard plan, you fill it out and you do it right over the counter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That still leaves plenty of work for consultants like Leigh Jarrard. He obtains permits and helps homeowners capture all the graywater possible. These days, he says he’s “pretty busy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The Health Officials … and the Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the people he’s helped is Mount Washington homeowner Mark Vallianatos, who recently showed me the maintenance he has to do for his sizable graywater system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s nasty,” he said as he cleaned the filter sock that traps solids before they hit the irrigation lines. “But you get proof, that something’s coming out of your house and going into the graywater system.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His house sits atop a steep hill, and Vallianatos uses his graywater on fruit trees below. On his road to recycled water, Vallianatos met with one of the speed bumps to graywater: health concerns.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health officials, lawmakers and plumbers harbor a fear that do-it-yourselfers and non-traditional plumbers will inadvertently mix graywater with drinkable water. A health inspector made Vallianatos’ contractor redo part of his installation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10141115\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 266px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/GraywaterBroDog.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/04/GraywaterBroDog-266x225.jpg\" alt=\"Mark Vallianatos paid a consultant to get the permits for and install a more complex graywater system in his house in the Mount Washington neighborhood of Los Angeles. He believes local authorities should make home recycling of water as easy as possible to do. (Molly Peterson/KQED)\" width=\"266\" height=\"225\" class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10141115\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mark Vallianatos paid a consultant to get the permits for and install a more complex graywater system in his house in the Mount Washington neighborhood of Los Angeles. He believes local authorities should make home recycling of water as easy as possible to do. (Molly Peterson/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"He had to paint on the side of this weird little plastic tank on my hillside, ‘NOT POTABLE WATER – DO NOT DRINK.’ Which seems sort of ridiculous because no one’s looking, snooping around.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>L.A. County health officials said they’ve approved 30 or 40 of these more complex graywater systems since the state changed the code. But \u003ca href=\"https://publichealth.lacounty.gov/eh/EHDirector.htm\" target=\"_blank\">L.A. County’s director of environmental health\u003c/a>, Angelo Bellomo, acknowledged there’s a sea change in thinking underway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our goal in the past has been to protect potable water supply,\" he said. \"But we have to keep in mind there are two public health goals here today, in view of the impending water crisis in the future. We have to be concerned not only about water quality but also about water availability.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vallianatos likes the sound of that. He’s the kind of guy who’s doing everything he can to understand his water supply. He wants state and local agencies to help other people also do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"tagline": "The flip side of gentrification, told through one town",
"info": "Gentrification is changing cities across America, forcing people from neighborhoods they have long called home. Call them the displaced. Now those priced out of the Bay Area are looking for a better life in an unlikely place. American Suburb follows this migration to one California town along the Delta, 45 miles from San Francisco. But is this once sleepy suburb ready for them?",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
},
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"hidden-brain": {
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
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"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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