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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/11/20141110science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Daniel Potter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23543\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/1-Giant-Garter-Snake.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23543\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/1-Giant-Garter-Snake.jpg\" alt=\"The giant garter snake is listed as a threatened species at the state and federal levels. It depends on water both to find meals and avoid becoming one. (Eric C. Hansen/CA Department of Fish and Wildlife)\" width=\"2240\" height=\"1680\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The giant garter snake is listed as a threatened species at the state and federal levels. It depends on water both to find meals and avoid becoming one. (Eric C. Hansen/CA Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Californians look to the sky, fingers crossed for a wet winter, three brutally dry years are harming millions of animals that depend on rivers, streams and wetlands for survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They range from salmon and snakes, to birds that migrate from as far away as the Arctic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For untold millions of migrating ducks and geese, California wetlands serve as a crucial rest stop along a kind of freeway known as the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/the-great-migration/\">Pacific Flyway\u003c/a>. Dave Shuford, senior biologist for \u003ca href=\"http://www.pointblue.org/\">Point Blue Conservation Science\u003c/a>, says irrigated farmlands are also crucial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve lost 90 percent of all the wetlands in California,” Shuford says, “and these birds used to depend on that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In places like the Sacramento Valley, rice farmers would normally \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/during-drought-pop-up-wetlands-give-birds-a-break/\">flood their fields\u003c/a> after the harvest to break down leftover stalks. But this year, both farmers and birds have been forced to deal with less.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We expect we’ll see fewer salmon out in the ocean in a few years.’\u003ccite>— John McManus, Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“They’re going to be concentrated in much smaller spaces, more likely to have disease transmission,” Shuford says, “and there’s also just less food resources for them for them to overwinter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, an outbreak of \u003ca href=\"http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/10/1/the-battle-in-californiatosavewaterfowlfromendingupasdeadducks.html\">botulism\u003c/a> that officials say was exacerbated by drought has \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2014/08/botulism_kills_thousands_of_du.html\">killed thousands of ducks\u003c/a>, mostly mallards, near the Oregon border. A meager winter could also leave many birds frail as they head into next year’s breeding season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the rivers and streams that lace the flyway, the drought could leave a dent in populations of salmon, according to John McManus, who heads the \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/\">Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/a>. That’s a coalition of fishermen, restaurants, businesses and tribes that rely on salmon for sustenance. McManus says more than 10,000 jobs in the state depend on salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He paints a dire picture: salmon eggs need cold water, ideally 56 degrees or less. But the lower flows coming down the streams this year have been heated by the sun to near-fatal temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of the eggs that are laid in river gravels this year are not expected to survive,” McManus says. “We expect we’ll see fewer salmon out in the ocean in a few years, when these fish would be adults.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23545\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 260px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/2-Dave-Shuford-e1415403844985.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-23545\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/2-Dave-Shuford-e1415403844985.jpg\" alt=\"Dave Shuford, senior biologist at Point Blue Conservation Science, surveys migratory bird habitats along the Sacramento River. He says he sees a lot fewer birds because the drought has shrunk their habitat and food supply and made them more vulnerable to disease. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"260\" height=\"347\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dave Shuford, senior biologist at Point Blue Conservation Science, surveys migratory bird habitats along the Sacramento River. He says he sees a lot fewer birds because the drought has shrunk their habitat and food supply and made them more vulnerable to disease. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trickling streams have also been unusually clear and slow-moving this year. McManus says that’s a deadly combination for baby salmon trying to dodge predators en route to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have high flows that are moving them rapidly,” he says. “We have very slow flows that are clear as a bell and make these salmon targets of predatory fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental scientist Eric Kleinfelter, of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/\">California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a>, saw a die-off of other fish in a small pond at the Cosumnes River Preserve, south of Sacramento. Hiking through tall, bristly grass near the edge of a marsh, Kleinfelter says as water levels dropped, the pond “obviously had issues with low dissolved oxygen,” essentially suffocating the carp there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was pretty dramatic. I remember looking over at that dead tree in the distance there,” he says, pointing. “There were at least 25 vultures sitting in that tree, waiting for their morning meal of carp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The preserve is also home to the giant garter snake, which is listed as a threatened species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At five feet long, it’s no anaconda, but it’s plenty big as garter snakes go. And it needs water — to find fish and frogs to eat, to hide from predators like coyotes and bobcats, and to help thermoregulate its cold-blooded body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re definitely dependent on water, which is what made this project so urgent,” Kleinfelter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late summer, to help protect the rare snake, state wildlife crews actually piped in water from a nearby well. Other animals also appreciated the $72,000 delivery service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were birds that were using the water there,” Kleinfelter says. “You could see animal tracks coming up to the ditch and drinking out of the ditch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/daily/droughtwildlifeslider.html\" width=\"670\" height=\"300\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Before and after shots of the snake marsh at Cosumnes River Preserve, south of Sacramento, where water was pumped in from a nearby well to help protect the giant garter snake. (Eric Kleinfelter/CA Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stresses of the drought also extend to Point Reyes, where ranchers say \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2014/08/botulism_kills_thousands_of_du.html\">tule elk\u003c/a> are \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Reintroduced-tule-elk-compete-with-cattle-on-5816969.php\">competing with their cattle\u003c/a> for the same rye grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in some places, you can actually hear the drought. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildsanctuary.com/\">Bioacoustician Bernie Krause\u003c/a> records animals in nature. For years, he’s taken audio snapshots at Sugarloaf Ridge State Park in Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until recently, Krause’s recordings featured dense layers of birdsong: white-crowned sparrows, juncos, towhees and woodpeckers, all with the steady hiss of a nearby creek underneath. But in his \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/10/16/listen-as-a-california-forest-grows-quiet-over-time/\">recording from this year\u003c/a>, the creek is absent, an uneasy silence punctuated by a few lonely chirps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2014, not only did the stream drop off,” Krause says, “but the bird density and diversity is way, way down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a stark decline, but the number and variety of birds were already dwindling, so Krause is reluctant to pin that solely on the dry weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are still gathering data in the effort to assess the impact of the drought on wildlife — so far.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Daniel Potter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23543\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/1-Giant-Garter-Snake.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23543\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/1-Giant-Garter-Snake.jpg\" alt=\"The giant garter snake is listed as a threatened species at the state and federal levels. It depends on water both to find meals and avoid becoming one. (Eric C. Hansen/CA Department of Fish and Wildlife)\" width=\"2240\" height=\"1680\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The giant garter snake is listed as a threatened species at the state and federal levels. It depends on water both to find meals and avoid becoming one. (Eric C. Hansen/CA Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Californians look to the sky, fingers crossed for a wet winter, three brutally dry years are harming millions of animals that depend on rivers, streams and wetlands for survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They range from salmon and snakes, to birds that migrate from as far away as the Arctic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For untold millions of migrating ducks and geese, California wetlands serve as a crucial rest stop along a kind of freeway known as the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/the-great-migration/\">Pacific Flyway\u003c/a>. Dave Shuford, senior biologist for \u003ca href=\"http://www.pointblue.org/\">Point Blue Conservation Science\u003c/a>, says irrigated farmlands are also crucial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve lost 90 percent of all the wetlands in California,” Shuford says, “and these birds used to depend on that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In places like the Sacramento Valley, rice farmers would normally \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/during-drought-pop-up-wetlands-give-birds-a-break/\">flood their fields\u003c/a> after the harvest to break down leftover stalks. But this year, both farmers and birds have been forced to deal with less.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We expect we’ll see fewer salmon out in the ocean in a few years.’\u003ccite>— John McManus, Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“They’re going to be concentrated in much smaller spaces, more likely to have disease transmission,” Shuford says, “and there’s also just less food resources for them for them to overwinter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, an outbreak of \u003ca href=\"http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/10/1/the-battle-in-californiatosavewaterfowlfromendingupasdeadducks.html\">botulism\u003c/a> that officials say was exacerbated by drought has \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2014/08/botulism_kills_thousands_of_du.html\">killed thousands of ducks\u003c/a>, mostly mallards, near the Oregon border. A meager winter could also leave many birds frail as they head into next year’s breeding season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the rivers and streams that lace the flyway, the drought could leave a dent in populations of salmon, according to John McManus, who heads the \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/\">Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/a>. That’s a coalition of fishermen, restaurants, businesses and tribes that rely on salmon for sustenance. McManus says more than 10,000 jobs in the state depend on salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He paints a dire picture: salmon eggs need cold water, ideally 56 degrees or less. But the lower flows coming down the streams this year have been heated by the sun to near-fatal temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of the eggs that are laid in river gravels this year are not expected to survive,” McManus says. “We expect we’ll see fewer salmon out in the ocean in a few years, when these fish would be adults.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23545\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 260px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/2-Dave-Shuford-e1415403844985.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-23545\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/2-Dave-Shuford-e1415403844985.jpg\" alt=\"Dave Shuford, senior biologist at Point Blue Conservation Science, surveys migratory bird habitats along the Sacramento River. He says he sees a lot fewer birds because the drought has shrunk their habitat and food supply and made them more vulnerable to disease. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"260\" height=\"347\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dave Shuford, senior biologist at Point Blue Conservation Science, surveys migratory bird habitats along the Sacramento River. He says he sees a lot fewer birds because the drought has shrunk their habitat and food supply and made them more vulnerable to disease. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trickling streams have also been unusually clear and slow-moving this year. McManus says that’s a deadly combination for baby salmon trying to dodge predators en route to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have high flows that are moving them rapidly,” he says. “We have very slow flows that are clear as a bell and make these salmon targets of predatory fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental scientist Eric Kleinfelter, of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/\">California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a>, saw a die-off of other fish in a small pond at the Cosumnes River Preserve, south of Sacramento. Hiking through tall, bristly grass near the edge of a marsh, Kleinfelter says as water levels dropped, the pond “obviously had issues with low dissolved oxygen,” essentially suffocating the carp there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was pretty dramatic. I remember looking over at that dead tree in the distance there,” he says, pointing. “There were at least 25 vultures sitting in that tree, waiting for their morning meal of carp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The preserve is also home to the giant garter snake, which is listed as a threatened species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At five feet long, it’s no anaconda, but it’s plenty big as garter snakes go. And it needs water — to find fish and frogs to eat, to hide from predators like coyotes and bobcats, and to help thermoregulate its cold-blooded body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re definitely dependent on water, which is what made this project so urgent,” Kleinfelter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late summer, to help protect the rare snake, state wildlife crews actually piped in water from a nearby well. Other animals also appreciated the $72,000 delivery service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were birds that were using the water there,” Kleinfelter says. “You could see animal tracks coming up to the ditch and drinking out of the ditch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/daily/droughtwildlifeslider.html\" width=\"670\" height=\"300\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Before and after shots of the snake marsh at Cosumnes River Preserve, south of Sacramento, where water was pumped in from a nearby well to help protect the giant garter snake. (Eric Kleinfelter/CA Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stresses of the drought also extend to Point Reyes, where ranchers say \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2014/08/botulism_kills_thousands_of_du.html\">tule elk\u003c/a> are \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Reintroduced-tule-elk-compete-with-cattle-on-5816969.php\">competing with their cattle\u003c/a> for the same rye grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in some places, you can actually hear the drought. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildsanctuary.com/\">Bioacoustician Bernie Krause\u003c/a> records animals in nature. For years, he’s taken audio snapshots at Sugarloaf Ridge State Park in Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until recently, Krause’s recordings featured dense layers of birdsong: white-crowned sparrows, juncos, towhees and woodpeckers, all with the steady hiss of a nearby creek underneath. But in his \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/10/16/listen-as-a-california-forest-grows-quiet-over-time/\">recording from this year\u003c/a>, the creek is absent, an uneasy silence punctuated by a few lonely chirps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2014, not only did the stream drop off,” Krause says, “but the bird density and diversity is way, way down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a stark decline, but the number and variety of birds were already dwindling, so Krause is reluctant to pin that solely on the dry weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are still gathering data in the effort to assess the impact of the drought on wildlife — so far.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Drought Photos: See Lake Oroville Fall Near Historic Low Over 20 Months",
"title": "Drought Photos: See Lake Oroville Fall Near Historic Low Over 20 Months",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>At the beginning of this year, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/16/california-drought-update-governor-jerry-brown-declaring-drought-emergency\" target=\"_blank\">declared a drought emergency\u003c/a> throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, during the \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/09/30/californias-water-year-ends-as-third-driest-on-record/\" target=\"_blank\">third-driest water year\u003c/a> on record, towns have started to \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/08/20/drought-stricken-california-town-struggles-to-keep-the-water-flowing/\" target=\"_blank\">run out of water\u003c/a>, agencies have \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/08/12/water-restrictions-meaning-of-mandatory-depends-on-where-you-live/\" target=\"_blank\">enacted mandatory conservation\u003c/a> and \"\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/07/11/drought-drives-hungry-bears-to-lake-tahoe/\" target=\"_blank\">drought bears\u003c/a>\" have even wandered into urban neighborhoods in search of food.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?ORO&d=13-Nov-2014+17:28&span=32days\" target=\"_blank\">Follow Lake Oroville reservoir level day by day\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>During this time, Lake Oroville, east of Chico in Butte County, has become a sort of drought poster child. It's the second-largest California reservoir after Lake Shasta, and the main reservoir for the State Water Project. Currently, the lake is \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?ORO&d=13-Nov-2014+17:28&span=32days\" target=\"_blank\">only 5 feet higher\u003c/a> than the record low recorded on Sept. 7, 1977 of 645 feet above sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED staff have visited the reservoir several times during the last 20 months. About 16 months ago, Lake Oroville was almost at 90 percent of capacity and the Department of Water Resources was freely releasing supplies. This year, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/04/09/during-long-dry-summer-of-drought-nobody-wins/\" target=\"_blank\">managers cut deliveries\u003c/a> to virtually nothing, conserving as much of the reservoir supplies as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the three photos below, taken in March 2013 and April and November of this year, you can see just how low the lake's water level has dwindled to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 27, 2013\u003c/strong>: Water surface elevation 860 feet above sea level; reservoir at 83 percent of capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348505\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10348505 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013.jpg\" alt=\"orovillemarch2013\" width=\"1440\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013-400x236.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013-800x473.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April 5, 2014\u003c/strong>: Water surface elevation 759 feet above sea level; reservoir at 50 percent of capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348504\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10348504\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014.jpg\" alt=\"(Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"1440\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014-800x533.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 8, 2014\u003c/strong>: Water surface elevation 652 feet above sea level; resevoir at 26 percent of capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348506\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10348506\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014.jpg\" alt=\"(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\" width=\"1440\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014-800x533.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348507\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10348507\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling-800x522.jpg\" alt=\"(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\" width=\"800\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling-800x522.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling-400x261.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently the water levels are so low that people need to rappel down to their boats at Bidwell Marina. You can see the end of the normal dock above the parked cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lake will continue to drop until it rains. \u003ca href=\"http://www.chicoer.com/ci_26725954/lake-oroville-inches-closer-record-low?source=rss_viewed\" target=\"_blank\">Officials worry\u003c/a> that if water levels fall to 604 feet they may be unable to produce power from the lake.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Lake Oroville is only 5 feet away from its historic low in 1977.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At the beginning of this year, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/16/california-drought-update-governor-jerry-brown-declaring-drought-emergency\" target=\"_blank\">declared a drought emergency\u003c/a> throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, during the \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/09/30/californias-water-year-ends-as-third-driest-on-record/\" target=\"_blank\">third-driest water year\u003c/a> on record, towns have started to \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/08/20/drought-stricken-california-town-struggles-to-keep-the-water-flowing/\" target=\"_blank\">run out of water\u003c/a>, agencies have \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/08/12/water-restrictions-meaning-of-mandatory-depends-on-where-you-live/\" target=\"_blank\">enacted mandatory conservation\u003c/a> and \"\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/07/11/drought-drives-hungry-bears-to-lake-tahoe/\" target=\"_blank\">drought bears\u003c/a>\" have even wandered into urban neighborhoods in search of food.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?ORO&d=13-Nov-2014+17:28&span=32days\" target=\"_blank\">Follow Lake Oroville reservoir level day by day\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>During this time, Lake Oroville, east of Chico in Butte County, has become a sort of drought poster child. It's the second-largest California reservoir after Lake Shasta, and the main reservoir for the State Water Project. Currently, the lake is \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?ORO&d=13-Nov-2014+17:28&span=32days\" target=\"_blank\">only 5 feet higher\u003c/a> than the record low recorded on Sept. 7, 1977 of 645 feet above sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED staff have visited the reservoir several times during the last 20 months. About 16 months ago, Lake Oroville was almost at 90 percent of capacity and the Department of Water Resources was freely releasing supplies. This year, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/04/09/during-long-dry-summer-of-drought-nobody-wins/\" target=\"_blank\">managers cut deliveries\u003c/a> to virtually nothing, conserving as much of the reservoir supplies as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the three photos below, taken in March 2013 and April and November of this year, you can see just how low the lake's water level has dwindled to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 27, 2013\u003c/strong>: Water surface elevation 860 feet above sea level; reservoir at 83 percent of capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348505\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10348505 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013.jpg\" alt=\"orovillemarch2013\" width=\"1440\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013-400x236.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013-800x473.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April 5, 2014\u003c/strong>: Water surface elevation 759 feet above sea level; reservoir at 50 percent of capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348504\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10348504\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014.jpg\" alt=\"(Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"1440\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014-800x533.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 8, 2014\u003c/strong>: Water surface elevation 652 feet above sea level; resevoir at 26 percent of capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348506\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10348506\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014.jpg\" alt=\"(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\" width=\"1440\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014-800x533.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348507\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10348507\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling-800x522.jpg\" alt=\"(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\" width=\"800\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling-800x522.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling-400x261.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently the water levels are so low that people need to rappel down to their boats at Bidwell Marina. You can see the end of the normal dock above the parked cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lake will continue to drop until it rains. \u003ca href=\"http://www.chicoer.com/ci_26725954/lake-oroville-inches-closer-record-low?source=rss_viewed\" target=\"_blank\">Officials worry\u003c/a> that if water levels fall to 604 feet they may be unable to produce power from the lake.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Fifteen students stand facing an imaginary line bisecting the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone in your family has diabetes, cross the line,” said Sidra Bonner, the UCSF medical student leading the session on community health. Twelve of the 15 students cross the line. “If you have been affected by gun violence, cross the line.” Every student shuffles across.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The game is called \"cross the line.\" The students playing have all returned to school here at Civicorps, an Oakland-based non-profit that helps high-risk young adults get a high school diploma and job training. The school is right next to the Port of Oakland. Outside, trains whistle and trucks rumble down the freeway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://vimeo.com/109636449\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonner and other medical students leading the class talk about how rates of disease vary by neighborhood. In parts of east and west Oakland, life expectancy is a full 10 years less than it is in the more affluent hills neighborhoods, according to the Alameda County Public Health Department. Rates of heart disease, diabetes, and asthma all shake out in a similar way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students nod along, unsurprised. “Every day you see somebody sick, or in need. It's normal to see that,’” said Hassinnie Bennett, one of the Civicorps students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one wants to just sit there and hear how violent and oppressed their community is, ” said Bonner. “How do you say, ‘This is the epidemiology,’ but also say, ‘You guys should feel empowered to do something about this?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical students then distributed cameras, and instructed the students to take pictures of whatever affects health in their neighborhoods -- the good and the bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours later, the students came back with photos of trash, abandoned buildings, and liquor stores -- often the only place around to buy food. But the students also took photos of parks, public transit, swimming pools, and murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It gives you a third eye,” said Bennett. “It opens up your eyes to things you wouldn’t normally notice -- more stuff that has light and beauty to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Civicorps students began seeing their neighborhoods in a new light, the medical students were gathering insight into the lives of their future patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonner and co-facilitator Faby Molina are already studying medicine in a program that trains doctors to work in medically-underserved communities. Working with the Civicorps students added something they can’t get in class -- “being able to really spend time and hear what their day-to-day lives are is so important as a future provider,” said Bonner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical students said the experience will make them more empathetic doctors, with a better understanding of their patients' lives and communities. \"Unless you have that basic understanding,\" Bonner says, \"you’re not going to be as effective in empowering your patients to take ownership of their health.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonner and other medical students leading the class talk about how rates of disease vary by neighborhood. In parts of east and west Oakland, life expectancy is a full 10 years less than it is in the more affluent hills neighborhoods, according to the Alameda County Public Health Department. Rates of heart disease, diabetes, and asthma all shake out in a similar way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students nod along, unsurprised. “Every day you see somebody sick, or in need. It's normal to see that,’” said Hassinnie Bennett, one of the Civicorps students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one wants to just sit there and hear how violent and oppressed their community is, ” said Bonner. “How do you say, ‘This is the epidemiology,’ but also say, ‘You guys should feel empowered to do something about this?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical students then distributed cameras, and instructed the students to take pictures of whatever affects health in their neighborhoods -- the good and the bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours later, the students came back with photos of trash, abandoned buildings, and liquor stores -- often the only place around to buy food. But the students also took photos of parks, public transit, swimming pools, and murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It gives you a third eye,” said Bennett. “It opens up your eyes to things you wouldn’t normally notice -- more stuff that has light and beauty to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Civicorps students began seeing their neighborhoods in a new light, the medical students were gathering insight into the lives of their future patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonner and co-facilitator Faby Molina are already studying medicine in a program that trains doctors to work in medically-underserved communities. Working with the Civicorps students added something they can’t get in class -- “being able to really spend time and hear what their day-to-day lives are is so important as a future provider,” said Bonner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical students said the experience will make them more empathetic doctors, with a better understanding of their patients' lives and communities. \"Unless you have that basic understanding,\" Bonner says, \"you’re not going to be as effective in empowering your patients to take ownership of their health.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Marissa Ortega-Welch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Past the tourist traps at Fisherman's Wharf, the real fishermen of San Francisco are at work hoisting stacks of crab pots onto boats that line the pier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commercial Dungeness crab season in California opens Saturday. Fishermen are still in negotiations with wholesalers about a price, but say they hope to settle on that by Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they do, the Bay Area will have fresh crab by the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've seen some of the sport crab that the recreational guys caught,\" says Larry Collins, president of the San Francisco Crab Boat Owners Association. \"It's beautiful crab and we're excited.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This will be the second season for a \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2013/11/13/crab-season-kicks-off-with-new-limits-for-fishermen/\" target=\"_blank\">new regulation\u003c/a> that limits the number of crab pots each boat can have. The regulation was intended to reduce overcrowding in fishing areas, lengthen the season and reduce the amount of gear in the water in which other animals can get caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife says it's too soon to know whether the regulations are achieving their goals. But fishermen are happy with how well the changes worked in the first year, says Zeke Grader, executive director for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcffa.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen's Associations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's basically cut back on what was an arms race in the crab fishery,\" he says, \"everyone needing to have more and more traps just to compete.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grader says he used to see some crabbing boats with 1,000 to 2,000 crab pots taking up prime property in the ocean. Now the most that a boat can have is 500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says fishermen have been able to catch the same amount of crab with fewer pots. They just pull up and rebait their traps more often now. That means less money they have to invest in equipment and less chance of losing their gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon and Washington have had similar trap limits in place for years. Dan Ayres, coastal shellfish manager for Washington's Department of Fish and Wildlife, says the trap limits have had little effect on the amount of crab caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our fishermen have discovered it makes them more efficient because they don’t need to fish with as much gear,\" he says. “We’ve had some of our biggest years since pot limits were imposed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dungeness crab populations cycle through abundant and skimpy years. The population has been high in California for the past few years, leading some biologists to speculate that this year could be lower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, fishermen like Collins remain hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're always hoping for a good season,\" Collins says. \"We're optimistic because we're fishermen.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This will be the second season for a \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2013/11/13/crab-season-kicks-off-with-new-limits-for-fishermen/\" target=\"_blank\">new regulation\u003c/a> that limits the number of crab pots each boat can have. The regulation was intended to reduce overcrowding in fishing areas, lengthen the season and reduce the amount of gear in the water in which other animals can get caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife says it's too soon to know whether the regulations are achieving their goals. But fishermen are happy with how well the changes worked in the first year, says Zeke Grader, executive director for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcffa.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen's Associations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's basically cut back on what was an arms race in the crab fishery,\" he says, \"everyone needing to have more and more traps just to compete.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grader says he used to see some crabbing boats with 1,000 to 2,000 crab pots taking up prime property in the ocean. Now the most that a boat can have is 500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says fishermen have been able to catch the same amount of crab with fewer pots. They just pull up and rebait their traps more often now. That means less money they have to invest in equipment and less chance of losing their gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon and Washington have had similar trap limits in place for years. Dan Ayres, coastal shellfish manager for Washington's Department of Fish and Wildlife, says the trap limits have had little effect on the amount of crab caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our fishermen have discovered it makes them more efficient because they don’t need to fish with as much gear,\" he says. “We’ve had some of our biggest years since pot limits were imposed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dungeness crab populations cycle through abundant and skimpy years. The population has been high in California for the past few years, leading some biologists to speculate that this year could be lower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, fishermen like Collins remain hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're always hoping for a good season,\" Collins says. \"We're optimistic because we're fishermen.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>I’ve been fighting bronchitis, and my cough just won’t seem to go away. My doctor has put me on a nebulizer to help open up my lungs -- in part because breathing outside in the Central Valley over the last week has been tough on everyone’s lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see, and taste, the thick, soupy haze in the air. Check out the video below if you want to see it for yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"http://abc30.com/video/embed/?pid=386998\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main culprit is PM 2.5, tiny particles of soot, chemicals and debris that can burrow deep into the lungs, causing breathing problems, heart attacks and even strokes. Scary stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the particles are so small that several thousand of them could fit on the period at the end of this sentence. The kind of PM 2.5 we’re seeing right now is formed when gasses from tailpipe emissions and other sources react with sunlight and water vapor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hourly readings of PM 2.5 on the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/Programs/RAAN/raan_monitoring_system.htm\">real-time monitoring website\u003c/a> have been hovering in the red (unhealthy) and purple (extremely unhealthy) zones since last week, sometimes reaching levels three times higher than the average daily federal health standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/Home.htm\">San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District \u003c/a>says unusually warm temperatures for November -- and the ongoing drought -- are to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Low overnight temperatures, high afternoon temperatures, so the inversion layer is getting fairly close to the ground overnight. It’s mushing all that pollution down,” says the air district’s Jaime Holt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Extreme stagnation, long dry spells, with very little air movement,” adds Samir Sheikh, deputy air pollution control officer. “Just the perfect conditions for PM 2.5 to form in the atmosphere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air district officials have been asking residents not to burn their fireplaces and commuters to shorten trips and not idle their cars at drive-thrus. But air quality activists says the air district needs to publicly ask schools to cancel athletic events, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/176616034\" params=\"color=ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true\" width=\"100%\" height=\"20\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Schools usually keep their kids in from recess, from PE because of the air quality, but after school, they’re not really following their recommendations anymore,” says Dolores Weller, of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calcleanair.org/\">Central Valley Air Quality Coalition\u003c/a>. “The air district does need to give some stronger recommendations based on protecting kids' health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a critique that air quality activists have been making for a long time: \u003ca href=\"http://audio.californiareport.org/archive/R201111010850/a\">the health message about air quality isn’t getting out there to the public.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At last weekend’s Fresno State football game against San Jose State, the haze was so thick it was hard to see across the stadium. But fans showed up anyway. You can check out a \u003ca href=\"http://abc30.com/weather/smog-greets-fans-at-fresno-states-homecoming-game/386998/\">video of the smoggy stadium here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participation in the real-time air monitoring program is voluntary for schools. The San Joaquin Valley air district says it does warn schools when air pollution spikes, but it doesn’t have the authority to stop school events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do want to keep this relationship open with the schools. What we don’t want them to feel is that we are coming down with a hammer on them in such a way that it makes them not want to participate in the [air-monitoring] program at all,” says the Air District’s Jaime Holt.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>I’ve been fighting bronchitis, and my cough just won’t seem to go away. My doctor has put me on a nebulizer to help open up my lungs -- in part because breathing outside in the Central Valley over the last week has been tough on everyone’s lungs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can see, and taste, the thick, soupy haze in the air. Check out the video below if you want to see it for yourself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"360\" src=\"http://abc30.com/video/embed/?pid=386998\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The main culprit is PM 2.5, tiny particles of soot, chemicals and debris that can burrow deep into the lungs, causing breathing problems, heart attacks and even strokes. Scary stuff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the particles are so small that several thousand of them could fit on the period at the end of this sentence. The kind of PM 2.5 we’re seeing right now is formed when gasses from tailpipe emissions and other sources react with sunlight and water vapor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hourly readings of PM 2.5 on the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/Programs/RAAN/raan_monitoring_system.htm\">real-time monitoring website\u003c/a> have been hovering in the red (unhealthy) and purple (extremely unhealthy) zones since last week, sometimes reaching levels three times higher than the average daily federal health standard.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003ca href=\"http://www.valleyair.org/Home.htm\">San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District \u003c/a>says unusually warm temperatures for November -- and the ongoing drought -- are to blame.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Low overnight temperatures, high afternoon temperatures, so the inversion layer is getting fairly close to the ground overnight. It’s mushing all that pollution down,” says the air district’s Jaime Holt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Extreme stagnation, long dry spells, with very little air movement,” adds Samir Sheikh, deputy air pollution control officer. “Just the perfect conditions for PM 2.5 to form in the atmosphere.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Air district officials have been asking residents not to burn their fireplaces and commuters to shorten trips and not idle their cars at drive-thrus. But air quality activists says the air district needs to publicly ask schools to cancel athletic events, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='20'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/176616034&visual=true&color=ff5500&inverse=false&auto_play=false&show_user=true'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/176616034'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Schools usually keep their kids in from recess, from PE because of the air quality, but after school, they’re not really following their recommendations anymore,” says Dolores Weller, of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calcleanair.org/\">Central Valley Air Quality Coalition\u003c/a>. “The air district does need to give some stronger recommendations based on protecting kids' health.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's a critique that air quality activists have been making for a long time: \u003ca href=\"http://audio.californiareport.org/archive/R201111010850/a\">the health message about air quality isn’t getting out there to the public.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At last weekend’s Fresno State football game against San Jose State, the haze was so thick it was hard to see across the stadium. But fans showed up anyway. You can check out a \u003ca href=\"http://abc30.com/weather/smog-greets-fans-at-fresno-states-homecoming-game/386998/\">video of the smoggy stadium here.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Participation in the real-time air monitoring program is voluntary for schools. The San Joaquin Valley air district says it does warn schools when air pollution spikes, but it doesn’t have the authority to stop school events.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We do want to keep this relationship open with the schools. What we don’t want them to feel is that we are coming down with a hammer on them in such a way that it makes them not want to participate in the [air-monitoring] program at all,” says the Air District’s Jaime Holt.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "News Pix: Acorn Woodpeckers in Bay Area Lowlands and Election Shake-ups",
"title": "News Pix: Acorn Woodpeckers in Bay Area Lowlands and Election Shake-ups",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/fracking1440.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10347671\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/fracking1440.jpg\" alt=\"fracking1440\" width=\"1440\" height=\"810\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/fracking1440.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/fracking1440-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/fracking1440-800x450.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first major ballot test of how California voters would react to \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/11/05/new-california-county-fracking-bans-likely-to-face-challenges/\" target=\"_blank\">hydraulic fracturing\u003c/a>, two counties in California approved fracking bans on Tuesday. Opponents of fracking are hoping the movement will spread to other counties. But a measure to bar the controversial oil production technique in Santa Barbara County — where the oil industry is well-established — fell short. And in San Benito and Mendocino Counties, where the bans passed, they are likely to face court challenges. (Gabriela Quiros/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/honda.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10347745\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/honda.jpg\" alt=\"honda\" width=\"1440\" height=\"810\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/honda.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/honda-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/honda-800x450.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Honda thanks his campaign staff for their work on the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/11/04/down-to-the-wire-for-mike-honda-ro-khanna/\" target=\"_blank\">closest of his eight congressional races\u003c/a>. The campaign organized a watch party Tuesday night at Zahir's Bistro in Milpitas. (Jay Lee/\u003ca href=\"http://peninsulapress.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Peninsula Press\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/PeninsulaPress_Election_Mey.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10347672\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/PeninsulaPress_Election_Mey.jpg\" alt=\"PeninsulaPress_Election_Mey\" width=\"1440\" height=\"810\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/PeninsulaPress_Election_Mey.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/PeninsulaPress_Election_Mey-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/PeninsulaPress_Election_Mey-800x450.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The polls at the University Lutheran Church in Palo Alto saw a rush in the last half-hour before they closed at 8 p.m. Signs lined the hallway and lawn leading up to the\u003cbr>\nvoting station. (Austin Meyer/\u003ca href=\"http://peninsulapress.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Peninsula Press\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/woodpecker.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10347674\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/woodpecker.jpg\" alt=\"woodpecker\" width=\"1440\" height=\"810\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/woodpecker.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/woodpecker-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/woodpecker-800x450.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in the Bay Area, Acorn Woodpecker colonies are fairly common in the East Bay hills and the western slopes of Mount Diablo, particularly where there are concentrations of valley oaks, but are practically unheard of west of the Hayward Fault. This year there have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/11/03/why-acorn-woodpeckers-are-appearing-in-berkeley/\" target=\"_blank\">several sightings in the lowlands\u003c/a>, most likely due to acorn crop failure. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/larry_dena/with/15323430179\" target=\"_blank\">Larry and Dena Hollowood\u003c/a>/Berkeleyside)\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/fracking1440.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10347671\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/fracking1440.jpg\" alt=\"fracking1440\" width=\"1440\" height=\"810\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/fracking1440.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/fracking1440-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/fracking1440-800x450.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the first major ballot test of how California voters would react to \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/11/05/new-california-county-fracking-bans-likely-to-face-challenges/\" target=\"_blank\">hydraulic fracturing\u003c/a>, two counties in California approved fracking bans on Tuesday. Opponents of fracking are hoping the movement will spread to other counties. But a measure to bar the controversial oil production technique in Santa Barbara County — where the oil industry is well-established — fell short. And in San Benito and Mendocino Counties, where the bans passed, they are likely to face court challenges. (Gabriela Quiros/KQED)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/honda.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10347745\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/honda.jpg\" alt=\"honda\" width=\"1440\" height=\"810\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/honda.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/honda-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/honda-800x450.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Honda thanks his campaign staff for their work on the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/11/04/down-to-the-wire-for-mike-honda-ro-khanna/\" target=\"_blank\">closest of his eight congressional races\u003c/a>. The campaign organized a watch party Tuesday night at Zahir's Bistro in Milpitas. (Jay Lee/\u003ca href=\"http://peninsulapress.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Peninsula Press\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/PeninsulaPress_Election_Mey.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10347672\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/PeninsulaPress_Election_Mey.jpg\" alt=\"PeninsulaPress_Election_Mey\" width=\"1440\" height=\"810\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/PeninsulaPress_Election_Mey.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/PeninsulaPress_Election_Mey-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/PeninsulaPress_Election_Mey-800x450.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The polls at the University Lutheran Church in Palo Alto saw a rush in the last half-hour before they closed at 8 p.m. Signs lined the hallway and lawn leading up to the\u003cbr>\nvoting station. (Austin Meyer/\u003ca href=\"http://peninsulapress.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Peninsula Press\u003c/a>)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/woodpecker.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-10347674\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/woodpecker.jpg\" alt=\"woodpecker\" width=\"1440\" height=\"810\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/woodpecker.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/woodpecker-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/woodpecker-800x450.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in the Bay Area, Acorn Woodpecker colonies are fairly common in the East Bay hills and the western slopes of Mount Diablo, particularly where there are concentrations of valley oaks, but are practically unheard of west of the Hayward Fault. This year there have been \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/11/03/why-acorn-woodpeckers-are-appearing-in-berkeley/\" target=\"_blank\">several sightings in the lowlands\u003c/a>, most likely due to acorn crop failure. (\u003ca href=\"https://www.flickr.com/photos/larry_dena/with/15323430179\" target=\"_blank\">Larry and Dena Hollowood\u003c/a>/Berkeleyside)\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Life Aboard a 'Polar Roller': America's Last Heavy Icebreaker",
"headTitle": "Life Aboard a ‘Polar Roller’: America’s Last Heavy Icebreaker | KQED",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>Captain Matt Walker took command of the Coast Guard cutter Polar Star, the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/aging-u-s-icebreaker-fleet-may-imperil-polar-science/\">only remaining active icebreaker\u003c/a> in the U.S. fleet that’s capable of clearing a channel for ships that supply McMurdo Station, a major hub for Antarctic research. This is Walker’s second deployment on this icebreaker, which was commissioned in 1976 with a planned 30-year working life. I spoke with him aboard the ship as it was undergoing\u003cem> three months of extensive work in a Mare Island dry dock.\u003c/em>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23101\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/CaptWalker_bridge.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23101\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/CaptWalker_bridge.jpg\" alt=\"Captain Matt Walker on the bridge of the USCGC Polar Star, the only active heavy-duty icebreaker in the U.S. fleet (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Capt. Matt Walker on the bridge of the USCGC Polar Star, the only active heavy-duty icebreaker in the U.S. fleet (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>So tell me about the Antarctica part. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Polar Star’s primary mission is to provide a channel for the logistics ships to resupply \u003ca title=\"NSF - McMurdo\" href=\"http://www.nsf.gov/geo/plr/support/mcmurdo.jsp\">McMurdo Station\u003c/a>, which really is a hub for all of the science stations in Antarctica. They take a fuel tanker down there and also a container ship. And McMurdo is kind of the port you might say – the logistics port – for all of Antarctica. It supplies the South Pole. But they do a tremendous amount of science support out of McMurdo and that’s really what we do – is support science through our own means. We also have the capability to conduct science on-board. However, now that we’re the only heavy icebreaker that can go to Antarctica for the U.S. the science is curtailed tremendously because we’re too busy breaking in the channel to get the logistics ships into McMurdo.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We might just be rescuing mankind by supporting the science that’s being conducted in Antarctica…you never know.’\u003ccite>— Capt. Matt Walker, USCG\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But as you can imagine, Antarctica is a pretty fascinating place with ice that’s a million years old. They have opportunity to collect data from a million years ago. I tell the crew, when I took command, the Coast Guard does a lot of exciting missions — law enforcement, search and rescue — and there very good domestic opportunities for them and they have an impact domestically. But what we do on Polar Star, we might just be rescuing mankind by supporting the science that’s being conducted in Antarctica that might just save the human race — you never know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>It’s a long way and a hard way in. Give me a sense of what it’s like to be on board. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, to get to the ice we have to cross the Southern Ocean which is probably the most severe ocean on [sic] the world because there’s no land mass to stop [high winds] and it has a series of low-pressure systems, so you get routinely knocked around pretty good. Ten years ago when I came down there we took green water, which is heavy water, up over the bridge and knocked out three bridge windows. The bridge windows are approximately 60 feet above the water line so you can imagine how big the seas were. Once we get down across the Southern Ocean, and we enter into the ice ring, then that’s pretty light going. And it’s not until we reach the fast ice, which means the ice is connected to shore, and then we have to turn that ice into ice cubes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we’re fairly large. When people ask, “How big is the Polar Star?” We tell them, “399 feet long,” and then they think of that Navy destroyer that’s 520 feet long. But in reality we’re twice as large as a Navy destroyer by weight. We’re close to 14,000 tons [fully loaded] and that enables us when we break ice to ride up on top of the ice and crush it. And that’s how we break ice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s a very violent experience. If you can imagine the earthquake we had recently and experiencing that on every minute for a few hours as we crush through the ice, it’s pretty violent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[edge_animation id=”7″ left=”auto”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>It sounds like it feels like an earthquake.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is, exactly. And you can’t watch television. You can’t read or anything, once the ship impacts the ice. Then we back down and then it’s all smooth again. And then we ram back in and it gets very violent again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>…except our earthquakes last twenty seconds.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correct. The break-in might take a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s nobody more dependable than us to get there and make sure that we can get through the channel and get those supply ships in there. Because if they don’t get that fuel ship and container ship, they really will have to shut down the science mission in Antarctica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23471\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/CGCPolarStar_gray_sm.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23471\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/CGCPolarStar_gray_sm.jpg\" alt=\"The Polar Star in sea ice off Antarctica. (U.S. Coast Guard)\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1136\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Polar Star in sea ice off Antarctica. (Courtesy of U.S. Coast Guard)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>You talked about the mission possibly saving mankind. What did you mean by that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antarctica really is a giant laboratory for science in the world. And it really is — I’ll say — sterile, as far as man’s influence on it, meaning we haven’t corrupted and contaminated that data that’s available down there for them to collect. I’m not a scientist but I know that they bore down into the ice one, two miles, collect data that’s close to a million years old and we haven’t yet contaminated that, with the treaty that preserves that. So by us going down there, I like to think that we are allowing those scientists to conduct that work and that research that just might save the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>And you’ve got sea lanes opening up where there weren’t sea lanes before in the North Polar Seas.\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correct, yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”jH4VZZJRkUCCvdnGL4A5Zl5XikHxAmg2″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Here again, I would assume, we need a couple of icebreakers for that\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, we do have the Healy up north which is a medium icebreaker. She is inadequate to go to Antarctica but she’s adequate for the north because in the Arctic, the ice is only 6 years old at the oldest because it flows in a circular pattern and exits between Greenland and Iceland and through those channels out there so we don’t need as heavy [of an] icebreaker but we do need the ability to put U.S. presence up there. From a Coast Guard standpoint, we’re looking at it from maritime preservation, security, and for search and rescue. If somebody — God forbid — needs rescuing up there, who’s going to go rescue them if we don’t have icebreakers that can do that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think the Healy’s done a couple of search and rescue missions up there and just recently. And they also had to break into Nome to save Nome, Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we do need icebreakers. But people, you know, the United States — other than Alaska and maybe the Great Lakes — they don’t see it. But we do have a presence there and we do have a responsibility to our maritime community to provide a safe and secure transit through the north and also up there we need to be able to fly the flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Why is it, do you think, that you can’t get the funding to give us the ships that we need in these parts of the world?\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ice is pretty but it doesn’t spend a lot of time on television and it doesn’t capture the American audience’s interest. We have a lot of things going on in the country, there’s a lot of fiscal restraint, there’s a lot of troubles in the world that are more on the forefront of the plate, of the burner than the Arctic and the Antarctic. Unfortunately those little hot spots come and go throughout history, but the Arctic and the Antarctic don’t. They’re always there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>What did you say the sticker price would be on a new state-of-the-art heavy breaker?\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From what I have heard: a billion dollars. Now I could easily say, “Hey, the Air Force could not build one of their new fighter jets and we could have two or three of them!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>But you wouldn’t say that.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, I wouldn’t, absolutely! But you know, it’s all in perspective. The Coast Guard is a very small service. Arguably, we’re smaller than the New York City Police Department. Our budget probably wouldn’t buy the toilet paper for the Department of Defense, which is unfortunate and obviously I’m biased and would like to have more money for our humane mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>This is hazardous duty.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it is. Unfortunately, in the late 90s we had a young sailor that was standing on the port side of the bridge and we took a 35 degree roll. He slipped, fell and went sliding across the deck to the starboard side and was killed when he hit that stanchion there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong> A ship that is built optimized for breaking ice can’t be the best in heavy seas.\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, it is not, no. Yes, she does roll. [Which is why, Walker says, they refer to icebreakers as “polar rollers.”] I’ve often slept on the deck because it’s hard to stay in my rack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>So you keep a supply of Dramamine topped up?\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, this is proven. I’ve read this: One earplug in one ear — you can tell this to all your listeners — is more effective than all those other drugs. I read a study by one of the universities in the U.K., tested all these seasick medications and inadvertently discovered that the most effective one was one earplug in one ear. It doesn’t matter which ear. Just one ear plug. I’ve seen it work. It worked on my wife. My wife — if she looks at water she gets seasick — went out a friend’s yacht and she didn’t get seasick at all. And on our way down here I was telling the crew members and several of them that are prone to seasickness tried it and it was effective. That’s from somebody with 20 years of sea service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Marissa Ortega-Welch looked into the “earplug” strategy and found some \u003ca title=\"JTM - post\" href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1708-8305.1995.tb00649.x/pdf\">references to it\u003c/a>. Contrary to Walker’s method, some sources specify which ear (left ear if you’re right-handed and vice versa). While there appears to be no established scientific rationale for it, many say it works. We’ll be conducting “field tests” of our own.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>Captain Matt Walker took command of the Coast Guard cutter Polar Star, the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/aging-u-s-icebreaker-fleet-may-imperil-polar-science/\">only remaining active icebreaker\u003c/a> in the U.S. fleet that’s capable of clearing a channel for ships that supply McMurdo Station, a major hub for Antarctic research. This is Walker’s second deployment on this icebreaker, which was commissioned in 1976 with a planned 30-year working life. I spoke with him aboard the ship as it was undergoing\u003cem> three months of extensive work in a Mare Island dry dock.\u003c/em>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23101\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/CaptWalker_bridge.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23101\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/CaptWalker_bridge.jpg\" alt=\"Captain Matt Walker on the bridge of the USCGC Polar Star, the only active heavy-duty icebreaker in the U.S. fleet (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"960\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Capt. Matt Walker on the bridge of the USCGC Polar Star, the only active heavy-duty icebreaker in the U.S. fleet (Adam Grossberg/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>So tell me about the Antarctica part. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Polar Star’s primary mission is to provide a channel for the logistics ships to resupply \u003ca title=\"NSF - McMurdo\" href=\"http://www.nsf.gov/geo/plr/support/mcmurdo.jsp\">McMurdo Station\u003c/a>, which really is a hub for all of the science stations in Antarctica. They take a fuel tanker down there and also a container ship. And McMurdo is kind of the port you might say – the logistics port – for all of Antarctica. It supplies the South Pole. But they do a tremendous amount of science support out of McMurdo and that’s really what we do – is support science through our own means. We also have the capability to conduct science on-board. However, now that we’re the only heavy icebreaker that can go to Antarctica for the U.S. the science is curtailed tremendously because we’re too busy breaking in the channel to get the logistics ships into McMurdo.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We might just be rescuing mankind by supporting the science that’s being conducted in Antarctica…you never know.’\u003ccite>— Capt. Matt Walker, USCG\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But as you can imagine, Antarctica is a pretty fascinating place with ice that’s a million years old. They have opportunity to collect data from a million years ago. I tell the crew, when I took command, the Coast Guard does a lot of exciting missions — law enforcement, search and rescue — and there very good domestic opportunities for them and they have an impact domestically. But what we do on Polar Star, we might just be rescuing mankind by supporting the science that’s being conducted in Antarctica that might just save the human race — you never know.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>It’s a long way and a hard way in. Give me a sense of what it’s like to be on board. \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, to get to the ice we have to cross the Southern Ocean which is probably the most severe ocean on [sic] the world because there’s no land mass to stop [high winds] and it has a series of low-pressure systems, so you get routinely knocked around pretty good. Ten years ago when I came down there we took green water, which is heavy water, up over the bridge and knocked out three bridge windows. The bridge windows are approximately 60 feet above the water line so you can imagine how big the seas were. Once we get down across the Southern Ocean, and we enter into the ice ring, then that’s pretty light going. And it’s not until we reach the fast ice, which means the ice is connected to shore, and then we have to turn that ice into ice cubes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we’re fairly large. When people ask, “How big is the Polar Star?” We tell them, “399 feet long,” and then they think of that Navy destroyer that’s 520 feet long. But in reality we’re twice as large as a Navy destroyer by weight. We’re close to 14,000 tons [fully loaded] and that enables us when we break ice to ride up on top of the ice and crush it. And that’s how we break ice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s a very violent experience. If you can imagine the earthquake we had recently and experiencing that on every minute for a few hours as we crush through the ice, it’s pretty violent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[edge_animation id=”7″ left=”auto”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>It sounds like it feels like an earthquake.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is, exactly. And you can’t watch television. You can’t read or anything, once the ship impacts the ice. Then we back down and then it’s all smooth again. And then we ram back in and it gets very violent again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>\u003cem>…except our earthquakes last twenty seconds.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correct. The break-in might take a week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s nobody more dependable than us to get there and make sure that we can get through the channel and get those supply ships in there. Because if they don’t get that fuel ship and container ship, they really will have to shut down the science mission in Antarctica.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23471\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1500px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/CGCPolarStar_gray_sm.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23471\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/CGCPolarStar_gray_sm.jpg\" alt=\"The Polar Star in sea ice off Antarctica. (U.S. Coast Guard)\" width=\"1500\" height=\"1136\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Polar Star in sea ice off Antarctica. (Courtesy of U.S. Coast Guard)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>You talked about the mission possibly saving mankind. What did you mean by that?\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Antarctica really is a giant laboratory for science in the world. And it really is — I’ll say — sterile, as far as man’s influence on it, meaning we haven’t corrupted and contaminated that data that’s available down there for them to collect. I’m not a scientist but I know that they bore down into the ice one, two miles, collect data that’s close to a million years old and we haven’t yet contaminated that, with the treaty that preserves that. So by us going down there, I like to think that we are allowing those scientists to conduct that work and that research that just might save the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>And you’ve got sea lanes opening up where there weren’t sea lanes before in the North Polar Seas.\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Correct, yes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Here again, I would assume, we need a couple of icebreakers for that\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, we do have the Healy up north which is a medium icebreaker. She is inadequate to go to Antarctica but she’s adequate for the north because in the Arctic, the ice is only 6 years old at the oldest because it flows in a circular pattern and exits between Greenland and Iceland and through those channels out there so we don’t need as heavy [of an] icebreaker but we do need the ability to put U.S. presence up there. From a Coast Guard standpoint, we’re looking at it from maritime preservation, security, and for search and rescue. If somebody — God forbid — needs rescuing up there, who’s going to go rescue them if we don’t have icebreakers that can do that?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I think the Healy’s done a couple of search and rescue missions up there and just recently. And they also had to break into Nome to save Nome, Alaska.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So we do need icebreakers. But people, you know, the United States — other than Alaska and maybe the Great Lakes — they don’t see it. But we do have a presence there and we do have a responsibility to our maritime community to provide a safe and secure transit through the north and also up there we need to be able to fly the flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Why is it, do you think, that you can’t get the funding to give us the ships that we need in these parts of the world?\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ice is pretty but it doesn’t spend a lot of time on television and it doesn’t capture the American audience’s interest. We have a lot of things going on in the country, there’s a lot of fiscal restraint, there’s a lot of troubles in the world that are more on the forefront of the plate, of the burner than the Arctic and the Antarctic. Unfortunately those little hot spots come and go throughout history, but the Arctic and the Antarctic don’t. They’re always there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>What did you say the sticker price would be on a new state-of-the-art heavy breaker?\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From what I have heard: a billion dollars. Now I could easily say, “Hey, the Air Force could not build one of their new fighter jets and we could have two or three of them!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>But you wouldn’t say that.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, I wouldn’t, absolutely! But you know, it’s all in perspective. The Coast Guard is a very small service. Arguably, we’re smaller than the New York City Police Department. Our budget probably wouldn’t buy the toilet paper for the Department of Defense, which is unfortunate and obviously I’m biased and would like to have more money for our humane mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>This is hazardous duty.\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it is. Unfortunately, in the late 90s we had a young sailor that was standing on the port side of the bridge and we took a 35 degree roll. He slipped, fell and went sliding across the deck to the starboard side and was killed when he hit that stanchion there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong> A ship that is built optimized for breaking ice can’t be the best in heavy seas.\u003c/strong> \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No, it is not, no. Yes, she does roll. [Which is why, Walker says, they refer to icebreakers as “polar rollers.”] I’ve often slept on the deck because it’s hard to stay in my rack.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>So you keep a supply of Dramamine topped up?\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, this is proven. I’ve read this: One earplug in one ear — you can tell this to all your listeners — is more effective than all those other drugs. I read a study by one of the universities in the U.K., tested all these seasick medications and inadvertently discovered that the most effective one was one earplug in one ear. It doesn’t matter which ear. Just one ear plug. I’ve seen it work. It worked on my wife. My wife — if she looks at water she gets seasick — went out a friend’s yacht and she didn’t get seasick at all. And on our way down here I was telling the crew members and several of them that are prone to seasickness tried it and it was effective. That’s from somebody with 20 years of sea service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>KQED’s Marissa Ortega-Welch looked into the “earplug” strategy and found some \u003ca title=\"JTM - post\" href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1708-8305.1995.tb00649.x/pdf\">references to it\u003c/a>. Contrary to Walker’s method, some sources specify which ear (left ear if you’re right-handed and vice versa). While there appears to be no established scientific rationale for it, many say it works. We’ll be conducting “field tests” of our own.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Why Are Acorn Woodpeckers Appearing in Berkeley's Lowlands?",
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"content": "\u003cp>They are the clowns of the oak savannah — Acorn Woodpeckers — with their harlequin faces, gregarious habits, and off-kilter laughing calls that inspired Woody Woodpecker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in the Bay Area, Acorn Woodpecker colonies are fairly common in the East Bay hills and the western slopes of Mount Diablo, particularly where there are concentrations of valley oaks. South of Livermore, they can be locally abundant in the Diablo range. They are rare in Tilden and Redwood Regional Parks, however, and practically unheard of west of the Hayward Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s up with the recent spate of Acorn Woodpecker sightings in urban San Francisco and the East Bay lowlands?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10346845\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood2-720x599.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood2-720x599.jpg\" alt=\"Acorn Woodpeckers storing acorns. (Larry and Dena Hollowood/Berkeleyside)\" width=\"720\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10346845\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood2-720x599.jpg 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood2-720x599-400x332.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Acorn Woodpeckers storing acorns. (Larry and Dena Hollowood/Berkeleyside)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beginning around Sept. 1, Acorn Woodpecker reports started rolling in from multiple East Bay sites from Oakland to Richmond. In Berkeley, they have been reported near McKinley and Bancroft streets, at the UC Botanical Gardens, in Claremont Canyon, and behind the Seabreeze restaurant near the Berkeley Waterfront. They’ve also been sighted across the Bay in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This irruption – the term for a sudden upsurge in a bird population — is particularly noteworthy because Acorn Woodpeckers are not migratory. What’s driving it? The most likely answer is acorn crop failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True to their name, Acorn Woodpeckers are acorn specialists. They develop communal granaries that may consist of tens of thousands of holes drilled in tree trunks and limbs, each stuffed with an acorn. Only about half their diet actually consists of acorns — the other half is made up of fruit, insects, and other vegetable matter — but the acorn granaries are the staple food source that gets them through lean times. According to \u003ca href=\"http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/194/articles/introduction\" target=\"_blank\">Birds of North America\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>[i]n areas where there are large seasonal fluctuations in insects and other foods, year-round residency is dependent on the birds’ ability to store sufficient acorn mast to provide food throughout the winter. Groups that exhaust their stores often abandon their territories and wander off in search of alternative food.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>This year appears to be one of those years. According to the Oct. 2014 edition of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbb.cornell.edu/wkoenig/CAR_2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">California Acorn Report\u003c/a>, this is a medium-to-poor acorn year. Results are particularly poor for live oaks: it is either the worst or next-to-worst year ever for coast live oaks, canyon live oaks, and interior live oaks. Blue oaks are generally fair to poor and it’s a fairly poor year for tanoaks. The valley oak crop is reasonably good but, overall, acorn production is the worst it has been since 2003, and less than half the crop production of 2012 and 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10346846\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood3-720x583.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood3-720x583.jpg\" alt=\"Acorn Woodpecker carrying an acorn . (Larry and Dena Hollowood/Berkeleyside)\" width=\"720\" height=\"583\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10346846\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood3-720x583.jpg 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood3-720x583-400x323.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Acorn Woodpecker carrying an acorn . (Larry and Dena Hollowood/Berkeleyside)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So what does the future hold for our clown-faced friends? Is crop failure due to drought or just cyclical variation in acorn production? University of California’s \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/sites/oak_range/Oak_Articles_On_Line/Oak_Woodland_Ecology_and_Monitoring/Acorn_Production_by_California_Oaks/\" target=\"_blank\">Oak Woodland Conservation Work Group\u003c/a> sheds some light on the drivers of crop size:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>For valley and blue oaks, the most important single factor is weather in April, the peak month for pollination, with crops being heavier in years when mean April temperatures are warmer. … For coast and canyon live oaks, mean acorn production is positively correlated with rainfall occurring one and (for canyon live oak) two years earlier. … Interestingly, winter rainfall in the same year as acorn production-the factor most commonly thought to determine crop size-does not correlate positively with mean annual crop size of any of the species we studied.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>So it’s quite possible this year’s poor crop is attributable to the rain we didn’t get a couple years ago. In that case, it may be a while before acorn crops return to their 2012-2013 levels. In the meantime, here’s hoping our feathered friends find some good food sources in their new urban digs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10346848\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood4-720x480.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood4-720x480.jpg\" alt=\"An Acorn Woodpecker. (Larry and Dena Hollowood/Berkeleyside)\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10346848\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood4-720x480.jpg 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood4-720x480-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Acorn Woodpecker. (Larry and Dena Hollowood/Berkeleyside)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bruce Mast writes the monthly \u003ca href=\"http://goldengateaudubon.org/birding-resources/observations/\" target=\"_blank\">Observations column \u003c/a>on rare and unusual bird sightings that appears on Golden Gate Audubon Society’s website. You can email him at observe@goldengateaudubon.org. This post originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"http://goldengateaudubon.org/blog/\" target=\"_blank\">Golden Gate Birder\u003c/a>, the Golden Gate Audubon blog.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyside.com/2014/11/03/why-acorn-woodpeckers-are-appearing-in-berkeley/\">Bruce Mast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />Berkeleyside",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>They are the clowns of the oak savannah — Acorn Woodpeckers — with their harlequin faces, gregarious habits, and off-kilter laughing calls that inspired Woody Woodpecker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here in the Bay Area, Acorn Woodpecker colonies are fairly common in the East Bay hills and the western slopes of Mount Diablo, particularly where there are concentrations of valley oaks. South of Livermore, they can be locally abundant in the Diablo range. They are rare in Tilden and Redwood Regional Parks, however, and practically unheard of west of the Hayward Fault.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So what’s up with the recent spate of Acorn Woodpecker sightings in urban San Francisco and the East Bay lowlands?\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10346845\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood2-720x599.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood2-720x599.jpg\" alt=\"Acorn Woodpeckers storing acorns. (Larry and Dena Hollowood/Berkeleyside)\" width=\"720\" height=\"599\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10346845\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood2-720x599.jpg 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood2-720x599-400x332.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Acorn Woodpeckers storing acorns. (Larry and Dena Hollowood/Berkeleyside)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beginning around Sept. 1, Acorn Woodpecker reports started rolling in from multiple East Bay sites from Oakland to Richmond. In Berkeley, they have been reported near McKinley and Bancroft streets, at the UC Botanical Gardens, in Claremont Canyon, and behind the Seabreeze restaurant near the Berkeley Waterfront. They’ve also been sighted across the Bay in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This irruption – the term for a sudden upsurge in a bird population — is particularly noteworthy because Acorn Woodpeckers are not migratory. What’s driving it? The most likely answer is acorn crop failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>True to their name, Acorn Woodpeckers are acorn specialists. They develop communal granaries that may consist of tens of thousands of holes drilled in tree trunks and limbs, each stuffed with an acorn. Only about half their diet actually consists of acorns — the other half is made up of fruit, insects, and other vegetable matter — but the acorn granaries are the staple food source that gets them through lean times. According to \u003ca href=\"http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/bna/species/194/articles/introduction\" target=\"_blank\">Birds of North America\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>[i]n areas where there are large seasonal fluctuations in insects and other foods, year-round residency is dependent on the birds’ ability to store sufficient acorn mast to provide food throughout the winter. Groups that exhaust their stores often abandon their territories and wander off in search of alternative food.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>This year appears to be one of those years. According to the Oct. 2014 edition of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.nbb.cornell.edu/wkoenig/CAR_2014.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">California Acorn Report\u003c/a>, this is a medium-to-poor acorn year. Results are particularly poor for live oaks: it is either the worst or next-to-worst year ever for coast live oaks, canyon live oaks, and interior live oaks. Blue oaks are generally fair to poor and it’s a fairly poor year for tanoaks. The valley oak crop is reasonably good but, overall, acorn production is the worst it has been since 2003, and less than half the crop production of 2012 and 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10346846\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood3-720x583.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood3-720x583.jpg\" alt=\"Acorn Woodpecker carrying an acorn . (Larry and Dena Hollowood/Berkeleyside)\" width=\"720\" height=\"583\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10346846\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood3-720x583.jpg 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood3-720x583-400x323.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Acorn Woodpecker carrying an acorn . (Larry and Dena Hollowood/Berkeleyside)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>So what does the future hold for our clown-faced friends? Is crop failure due to drought or just cyclical variation in acorn production? University of California’s \u003ca href=\"http://ucanr.edu/sites/oak_range/Oak_Articles_On_Line/Oak_Woodland_Ecology_and_Monitoring/Acorn_Production_by_California_Oaks/\" target=\"_blank\">Oak Woodland Conservation Work Group\u003c/a> sheds some light on the drivers of crop size:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>For valley and blue oaks, the most important single factor is weather in April, the peak month for pollination, with crops being heavier in years when mean April temperatures are warmer. … For coast and canyon live oaks, mean acorn production is positively correlated with rainfall occurring one and (for canyon live oak) two years earlier. … Interestingly, winter rainfall in the same year as acorn production-the factor most commonly thought to determine crop size-does not correlate positively with mean annual crop size of any of the species we studied.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>So it’s quite possible this year’s poor crop is attributable to the rain we didn’t get a couple years ago. In that case, it may be a while before acorn crops return to their 2012-2013 levels. In the meantime, here’s hoping our feathered friends find some good food sources in their new urban digs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10346848\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 720px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood4-720x480.jpg\">\u003cimg src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood4-720x480.jpg\" alt=\"An Acorn Woodpecker. (Larry and Dena Hollowood/Berkeleyside)\" width=\"720\" height=\"480\" class=\"size-full wp-image-10346848\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood4-720x480.jpg 720w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/acornwood-larryhollowood4-720x480-400x266.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 720px) 100vw, 720px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An Acorn Woodpecker. (Larry and Dena Hollowood/Berkeleyside)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Bruce Mast writes the monthly \u003ca href=\"http://goldengateaudubon.org/birding-resources/observations/\" target=\"_blank\">Observations column \u003c/a>on rare and unusual bird sightings that appears on Golden Gate Audubon Society’s website. You can email him at observe@goldengateaudubon.org. This post originally appeared in \u003ca href=\"http://goldengateaudubon.org/blog/\" target=\"_blank\">Golden Gate Birder\u003c/a>, the Golden Gate Audubon blog.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>https://vimeo.com/110311107\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Where do \u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/on-californias-coast-farewell-to-the-king-salmon-11992359/?no-ist\" target=\"_blank\">California's chinook salmon\u003c/a> come from? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've all heard the story about the salmon's migration -- how young fish just a few inches long travel from the streams and rivers where they were born out through the Delta, San Francisco Bay and the Golden Gate. And we know how, usually after a few years of voracious feeding out there in the Pacific Ocean, the big strapping salmon -- the \u003ca href=\"https://www.landbigfish.com/staterecords/fishrecords.cfm?ID=99\" target=\"_blank\">largest chinook ever caught in California\u003c/a> was 88 pounds and about four feet long -- return to their natal streams. There, they spawn in cold water and clean gravel. Then they die, but the age-old cycle is renewed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That story is true -- but there's something more to it. Chinook salmon have faced a host of challenges as California has become the most populous state in the nation and developed the country's biggest agricultural industry. Since both cities and farms need water, and plenty of it, virtually all of the great rivers that have been home to salmon have been dammed and developed. Salmon on the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers and their tributaries have long since been blocked from most of their spawning habitat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because of that, hatcheries play an essential part in the chinook salmon's story. That's a chapter that not too many people get to see, but it's on display each fall in hatcheries up and down the Sacramento Valley. One of those facilities, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife's \u003ca href=\"https://www.dfg.ca.gov/fish/Hatcheries/Feather/VisitorInfo.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Feather River Fish Hatchery\u003c/a>, is the destination of tens of thousands of homeward-migrating chinook every fall. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arriving fish are blocked from moving upstream by an artificial waterfall, so, following their instinct to keep heading upriver, they enter a long fish ladder that leads to the hatchery building. There, workers in a kind of disassembly line take over the job -- spawning -- that the fish would normally take care of themselves. Fish are anesthetized with carbon dioxide, then killed and processed. Workers harvest eggs from female salmon, about 2,000 per fish on average, and then fertilize them with milt collected from males. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's federal and state hatcheries produce about 30 million salmon each year -- a process that's crucial to continuing the state's commercial and recreational fishing industry, since only a handful of wild-run salmon survive. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not overstating it to say that if we did not have the hatcheries, there wouldn’t be any salmon in the river. I mean there just wouldn’t,” says Andrew Hughan, a Department of Fish and Wildlife public information officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fish that make it back to the Feather River hatchery and similar facilities have survived against long odds. Typically, about 99 percent of the juvenile salmon die. The young fish are not great swimmers, so many become meals for predators. In California, the trip through the Delta claims many seaward migrants who take wrong turns in the maze of waterways and become \"entrained\" by the big pumps shipping water to the San Joaquin Valley and Southern California. Many fish die at sea; many are caught; many more die during the upstream migration. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But from the 1 percent that do return, much can be learned. Many hatchery salmon, including those spawned at Oroville, carry data chips inserted in their head before they're released in the spring. Chips collected from returning salmon can yield valuable information such as a fish's age and where it traveled during its ocean migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gathering this data, Hughan says, is integral to the preservation of the California chinook salmon. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Where do \u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/on-californias-coast-farewell-to-the-king-salmon-11992359/?no-ist\" target=\"_blank\">California's chinook salmon\u003c/a> come from? \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We've all heard the story about the salmon's migration -- how young fish just a few inches long travel from the streams and rivers where they were born out through the Delta, San Francisco Bay and the Golden Gate. And we know how, usually after a few years of voracious feeding out there in the Pacific Ocean, the big strapping salmon -- the \u003ca href=\"https://www.landbigfish.com/staterecords/fishrecords.cfm?ID=99\" target=\"_blank\">largest chinook ever caught in California\u003c/a> was 88 pounds and about four feet long -- return to their natal streams. There, they spawn in cold water and clean gravel. Then they die, but the age-old cycle is renewed. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That story is true -- but there's something more to it. Chinook salmon have faced a host of challenges as California has become the most populous state in the nation and developed the country's biggest agricultural industry. Since both cities and farms need water, and plenty of it, virtually all of the great rivers that have been home to salmon have been dammed and developed. Salmon on the Sacramento and San Joaquin rivers and their tributaries have long since been blocked from most of their spawning habitat. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And because of that, hatcheries play an essential part in the chinook salmon's story. That's a chapter that not too many people get to see, but it's on display each fall in hatcheries up and down the Sacramento Valley. One of those facilities, the California Department of Fish and Wildlife's \u003ca href=\"https://www.dfg.ca.gov/fish/Hatcheries/Feather/VisitorInfo.asp\" target=\"_blank\">Feather River Fish Hatchery\u003c/a>, is the destination of tens of thousands of homeward-migrating chinook every fall. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The arriving fish are blocked from moving upstream by an artificial waterfall, so, following their instinct to keep heading upriver, they enter a long fish ladder that leads to the hatchery building. There, workers in a kind of disassembly line take over the job -- spawning -- that the fish would normally take care of themselves. Fish are anesthetized with carbon dioxide, then killed and processed. Workers harvest eggs from female salmon, about 2,000 per fish on average, and then fertilize them with milt collected from males. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's federal and state hatcheries produce about 30 million salmon each year -- a process that's crucial to continuing the state's commercial and recreational fishing industry, since only a handful of wild-run salmon survive. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s not overstating it to say that if we did not have the hatcheries, there wouldn’t be any salmon in the river. I mean there just wouldn’t,” says Andrew Hughan, a Department of Fish and Wildlife public information officer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fish that make it back to the Feather River hatchery and similar facilities have survived against long odds. Typically, about 99 percent of the juvenile salmon die. The young fish are not great swimmers, so many become meals for predators. In California, the trip through the Delta claims many seaward migrants who take wrong turns in the maze of waterways and become \"entrained\" by the big pumps shipping water to the San Joaquin Valley and Southern California. Many fish die at sea; many are caught; many more die during the upstream migration. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But from the 1 percent that do return, much can be learned. Many hatchery salmon, including those spawned at Oroville, carry data chips inserted in their head before they're released in the spring. Chips collected from returning salmon can yield valuable information such as a fish's age and where it traveled during its ocean migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gathering this data, Hughan says, is integral to the preservation of the California chinook salmon. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Humboldt County to Vote on Banning GMO Production",
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"headTitle": "California Election Watch 2014 | The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>In the produce aisle of Eureka Natural Foods, every mushroom, zucchini and head of cabbage is organic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Organic, organic, organic,” says Bill Schaser, a retired teacher and loyal customer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says local stores like this, and the local farmers that supply them, want to protect their organic brand. And they want to take advantage of new marketing opportunities that come with being GMO-free. That’s why they’re backing \u003ca href=\"http://ballotpedia.org/Humboldt_County_%22Genetic_Contamination_Prevention_Ordinance%22_GMO_Ban_Initiative,_Measure_P_(November_2014)\" target=\"_blank\">Measure P,\u003c/a> a local measure that would prohibit growing genetically modified crops in Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/175142214\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a growing economy. And we think we should go with it and get behind that movement as much as possible,” says Schaser, spokesman for the Yes on Measure P campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, statewide \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201209271000\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 37\u003c/a> would have required labeling of foods containing genetically modified organisms – but it failed by a slim margin. That measure had wide support in Humboldt County, though, and on Nov. 4 residents will vote on whether to ban the production of GMO crops in their region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A scientific debate over the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-truth-about-genetically-modified-food/\" target=\"_blank\">safety of GMOs\u003c/a> hasn’t really come up here. Disputes have centered on farmers’ rights. Organic farmers are concerned about cross-pollination from neighboring farms that grow genetically modified crops. They want to prevent contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone within 2 miles of me plants a GMO variety of apples, the way the bees fly, it’s beyond my control. It’d get GMO pollen in my apple flowers,” says Clif Clendenen, owner of Clendenen's Cider Works, an organic apple farm in Fortuna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Secondarily, many of my customers don’t want GMOs in their food,” he adds. “So there’s a marketing reason.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10346339\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/yesonp.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10346339\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/yesonp-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"Yes on P posters hang outside stores and homes throughout Humboldt County. (April Dembosky/KQED)\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/yesonp-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/yesonp-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/yesonp.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yes on P posters hang outside stores and homes throughout Humboldt County. (April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bordering counties Mendocino and Trinity are already GMO-free. Supporters of Measure P say adding Humboldt could create an economic corridor that can be used to market products from the region to the Bay Area and other parts of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re looking from an economic perspective, we can compete with the inland valley,” says Schaser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yes on P campaign raised just $40,000, enough to make a radio ad and a bunch of posters. Schaser says they were expecting to get crushed by a No campaign sponsored by GMO seed companies like Monsanto and Syngenta. But those corporations ignored Measure P and instead invested in blocking statewide GMO labeling propositions in Colorado and Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though there’s no official campaign against Measure P, there are still farmers that plan to vote no, even organic farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a tool they’re taking out of our toolbox that we can’t use anymore,” says John Vovoda, a dairy farmer in Ferndale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His farm is organic now -- he ships 6,000 gallons of organic milk every day that shows up on store shelves throughout California. But his operation used to be conventional. He used to grow acres of GMO corn to feed his cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The point is, if my children want to go back to conventional, now they won’t be able to do it,” he says, nodding toward his son, Robert, who lives and works with him on the dairy farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’re a small family farm, you want to spend more of your time with your animals,” says Robert, as a herd of cows grazes in the pasture behind him. “Now we spend more of our time making sure we’re in the office, doing paperwork to make sure we’re in compliance with all the regulations. Measure P is just another regulation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senior Vovoda says, when it comes down to it, it’s just not right telling farmers what they can and can’t plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to stand here and look at my neighbors that are conventional and say, ‘Hey, it’s illegal, and I’m going to turn you in for what you’re doing,' ” Vovoda says.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the produce aisle of Eureka Natural Foods, every mushroom, zucchini and head of cabbage is organic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Organic, organic, organic,” says Bill Schaser, a retired teacher and loyal customer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says local stores like this, and the local farmers that supply them, want to protect their organic brand. And they want to take advantage of new marketing opportunities that come with being GMO-free. That’s why they’re backing \u003ca href=\"http://ballotpedia.org/Humboldt_County_%22Genetic_Contamination_Prevention_Ordinance%22_GMO_Ban_Initiative,_Measure_P_(November_2014)\" target=\"_blank\">Measure P,\u003c/a> a local measure that would prohibit growing genetically modified crops in Humboldt County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/175142214&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/175142214'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is a growing economy. And we think we should go with it and get behind that movement as much as possible,” says Schaser, spokesman for the Yes on Measure P campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two years ago, statewide \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201209271000\" target=\"_blank\">Proposition 37\u003c/a> would have required labeling of foods containing genetically modified organisms – but it failed by a slim margin. That measure had wide support in Humboldt County, though, and on Nov. 4 residents will vote on whether to ban the production of GMO crops in their region.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A scientific debate over the \u003ca href=\"http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-truth-about-genetically-modified-food/\" target=\"_blank\">safety of GMOs\u003c/a> hasn’t really come up here. Disputes have centered on farmers’ rights. Organic farmers are concerned about cross-pollination from neighboring farms that grow genetically modified crops. They want to prevent contamination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone within 2 miles of me plants a GMO variety of apples, the way the bees fly, it’s beyond my control. It’d get GMO pollen in my apple flowers,” says Clif Clendenen, owner of Clendenen's Cider Works, an organic apple farm in Fortuna.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Secondarily, many of my customers don’t want GMOs in their food,” he adds. “So there’s a marketing reason.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10346339\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/yesonp.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10346339\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/yesonp-400x300.jpg\" alt=\"Yes on P posters hang outside stores and homes throughout Humboldt County. (April Dembosky/KQED)\" width=\"400\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/yesonp-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/yesonp-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/yesonp.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yes on P posters hang outside stores and homes throughout Humboldt County. (April Dembosky/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Bordering counties Mendocino and Trinity are already GMO-free. Supporters of Measure P say adding Humboldt could create an economic corridor that can be used to market products from the region to the Bay Area and other parts of California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re looking from an economic perspective, we can compete with the inland valley,” says Schaser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Yes on P campaign raised just $40,000, enough to make a radio ad and a bunch of posters. Schaser says they were expecting to get crushed by a No campaign sponsored by GMO seed companies like Monsanto and Syngenta. But those corporations ignored Measure P and instead invested in blocking statewide GMO labeling propositions in Colorado and Oregon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though there’s no official campaign against Measure P, there are still farmers that plan to vote no, even organic farmers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a tool they’re taking out of our toolbox that we can’t use anymore,” says John Vovoda, a dairy farmer in Ferndale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His farm is organic now -- he ships 6,000 gallons of organic milk every day that shows up on store shelves throughout California. But his operation used to be conventional. He used to grow acres of GMO corn to feed his cows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The point is, if my children want to go back to conventional, now they won’t be able to do it,” he says, nodding toward his son, Robert, who lives and works with him on the dairy farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’re a small family farm, you want to spend more of your time with your animals,” says Robert, as a herd of cows grazes in the pasture behind him. “Now we spend more of our time making sure we’re in the office, doing paperwork to make sure we’re in compliance with all the regulations. Measure P is just another regulation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The senior Vovoda says, when it comes down to it, it’s just not right telling farmers what they can and can’t plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t want to stand here and look at my neighbors that are conventional and say, ‘Hey, it’s illegal, and I’m going to turn you in for what you’re doing,' ” Vovoda says.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23078\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 850px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/826scr_5fa7533564080f8.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23078\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/826scr_5fa7533564080f8.jpg\" alt=\"Activists are concerned that Diablo Canyon can't withstand a major earthquake. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Activists question whether Diablo Canyon can withstand a major earthquake. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An environmental group is pushing for a public review of the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant’s license, amid concerns about the seismic safety of the Central Coast plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental group Friends of the Earth has file a \u003ca href=\"http://libcloud.s3.amazonaws.com/93/f4/7/4937/14-10-28_FoE_Petition_FSAR.pdf\">petition for review\u003c/a> in the U.S. Court of Appeals. It’s the latest move in the group’s longstanding campaign to shut down California’s only remaining nuclear plant, which supplies about nine percent of the state’s electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent discoveries of geologic faults near the San Luis Obispo County facility should trigger a public re-assessment of the plant’s safety, said Friends of the Earth spokesman Damon Moglan. Instead, he said, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and PG&E changed how earthquake risk is assessed in the plant’s license, without public input. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There really has to be a full public review of whether or not this plant is safe,” he said. “And whether or not it’s worth the risk of operating a decrepit 40-year-old plant designed in the 1960s in the most seismically active area of any reactor in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its petition, Friends of the Earth said the Nuclear Regulatory Commission violated federal law and its own internal policies by making the change to Diablo Canyon’s license without public review. The group said the plant should be shut down until a full review is complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new fault was discovered near the plant in 2008. Earlier this year, PG&E completed \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/en/safety/systemworks/dcpp/seismicsafety/report.page\">its own study\u003c/a>, finding that even with that additional nearby fault, the seismic risk to the plant is below what the plant was built to withstand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The facts are: the plant was built with earthquake safety at the forefront,” Blair Jones, a spokesman for PG&E told KQED. “It’s a seismically safe facility. And it’s in full compliance with NRC licensing requirements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former inspector at Diablo Canyon released his own \u003ca href=\"http://libcloud.s3.amazonaws.com/93/5a/8/4821/Diablo_Canyon_Seismic_DPO.pdf/\">analysis\u003c/a>, saying the NRC was not applying its own safety rules to the plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for the NRC says the agency will review the petition.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23078\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 850px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/826scr_5fa7533564080f8.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23078\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/10/826scr_5fa7533564080f8.jpg\" alt=\"Activists are concerned that Diablo Canyon can't withstand a major earthquake. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"850\" height=\"638\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Activists question whether Diablo Canyon can withstand a major earthquake. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>An environmental group is pushing for a public review of the Diablo Canyon nuclear power plant’s license, amid concerns about the seismic safety of the Central Coast plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The environmental group Friends of the Earth has file a \u003ca href=\"http://libcloud.s3.amazonaws.com/93/f4/7/4937/14-10-28_FoE_Petition_FSAR.pdf\">petition for review\u003c/a> in the U.S. Court of Appeals. It’s the latest move in the group’s longstanding campaign to shut down California’s only remaining nuclear plant, which supplies about nine percent of the state’s electricity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Recent discoveries of geologic faults near the San Luis Obispo County facility should trigger a public re-assessment of the plant’s safety, said Friends of the Earth spokesman Damon Moglan. Instead, he said, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and PG&E changed how earthquake risk is assessed in the plant’s license, without public input. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There really has to be a full public review of whether or not this plant is safe,” he said. “And whether or not it’s worth the risk of operating a decrepit 40-year-old plant designed in the 1960s in the most seismically active area of any reactor in the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In its petition, Friends of the Earth said the Nuclear Regulatory Commission violated federal law and its own internal policies by making the change to Diablo Canyon’s license without public review. The group said the plant should be shut down until a full review is complete.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A new fault was discovered near the plant in 2008. Earlier this year, PG&E completed \u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/en/safety/systemworks/dcpp/seismicsafety/report.page\">its own study\u003c/a>, finding that even with that additional nearby fault, the seismic risk to the plant is below what the plant was built to withstand. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The facts are: the plant was built with earthquake safety at the forefront,” Blair Jones, a spokesman for PG&E told KQED. “It’s a seismically safe facility. And it’s in full compliance with NRC licensing requirements.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former inspector at Diablo Canyon released his own \u003ca href=\"http://libcloud.s3.amazonaws.com/93/5a/8/4821/Diablo_Canyon_Seismic_DPO.pdf/\">analysis\u003c/a>, saying the NRC was not applying its own safety rules to the plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman for the NRC says the agency will review the petition.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "As More Crude Oil Rolls In, a Push for Better Track Inspection",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Mina Kim and Molly Samuel\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6942\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/train.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/train.jpg\" alt=\"Union Pacific owns the tracks that would deliver crude oil to the Valero refinery in Benicia. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6942\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Union Pacific owns the tracks that would deliver crude oil to the Valero refinery in Benicia. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shipments of crude oil by rail are \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/08/28/oil-transport-by-train-continues-to-climb/\">expected to increase\u003c/a> in the Bay Area and the rest of the state in the near future. BNSF Railways is already transporting crude oil into Richmond, including the kind of oil that exploded from a derailment and killed 47 people in a Quebec town last year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to concerns about the risks of crude by rail, the state’s other large rail company, Union Pacific, began to boost its rail inspection program by dispatching vehicles with lasers that can find tiny track imperfections, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/transportation/article3076881.htmlhttp://www.sacbee.com/news/local/transportation/article3076881.html\">\u003cem>Sacramento Bee\u003c/em> reports\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\nThe new cars will patrol the main mountain routes into the state, Union Pacific officials said. Northern California sites will include Donner Pass, the Feather River Canyon and grades outside Dunsmuir. The state has designated all those areas high hazards for derailments.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Bee’s Tony Bizjack spoke with Mina Kim about the program, which began last month. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/173089406&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bizjack explained that Union Pacific is particularly worried about California’s mountain passes because they’re considered more high-hazard areas, “often because they’re curving, they’re on slopes, and they have to deal with more extreme weather,” he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”WIhJP6RIWboEN1nBaj7bwKRNUAAOPJ3p”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bizjak rode on one of the track inspection vehicles. He said they’re equipped with ultrasound to look into the rails to find weaknesses and lasers to measure variations in rail height and alignment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last five years, Union Pacific has had about 180 derailments in California, Bizjack said. “Derailments are surprisingly frequent, but generally very minor,” he said. “Most of those derailments, however, the train cars ended up standing up, not falling over.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of all derailments are caused by track problems, said Bizjack. Others are caused by human and equipments errors. “So tracks are important, that’s sort of the front-line of defense — \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/PUC/safety/rail/\">PUC\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.fra.dot.gov/Page/P0001\">FRA\u003c/a> think — in reducing the chance these new crude oil shipments can derail, explode.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Union Pacific is not yet bringing volatile Bakken crude to California. But there are plans in the works for Union Pacific to bring crude oil both to and through the Bay Area, Bizjak explains. A project at the Valero refinery in Benicia would bring two 50-car trains a day through Sacramento and along the I-80 corridor. Another proposal in Santa Maria, by Phillips 66, would bring trains through Sacramento, the East Bay, San Jose and down the coast. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you ask anybody in the Office of Emergency Services here in California, or first responders, fire departments, there is a real level of concern about the safety with more crude oil coming in,” Bizjak said. \u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Mina Kim and Molly Samuel\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_6942\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1280px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/train.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2013/08/train.jpg\" alt=\"Union Pacific owns the tracks that would deliver crude oil to the Valero refinery in Benicia. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" class=\"size-full wp-image-6942\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Union Pacific owns the tracks that would deliver crude oil to the Valero refinery in Benicia. (Deborah Svoboda/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Shipments of crude oil by rail are \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/08/28/oil-transport-by-train-continues-to-climb/\">expected to increase\u003c/a> in the Bay Area and the rest of the state in the near future. BNSF Railways is already transporting crude oil into Richmond, including the kind of oil that exploded from a derailment and killed 47 people in a Quebec town last year. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to concerns about the risks of crude by rail, the state’s other large rail company, Union Pacific, began to boost its rail inspection program by dispatching vehicles with lasers that can find tiny track imperfections, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/local/transportation/article3076881.htmlhttp://www.sacbee.com/news/local/transportation/article3076881.html\">\u003cem>Sacramento Bee\u003c/em> reports\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\nThe new cars will patrol the main mountain routes into the state, Union Pacific officials said. Northern California sites will include Donner Pass, the Feather River Canyon and grades outside Dunsmuir. The state has designated all those areas high hazards for derailments.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The Bee’s Tony Bizjack spoke with Mina Kim about the program, which began last month. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/173089406&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bizjack explained that Union Pacific is particularly worried about California’s mountain passes because they’re considered more high-hazard areas, “often because they’re curving, they’re on slopes, and they have to deal with more extreme weather,” he said. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bizjak rode on one of the track inspection vehicles. He said they’re equipped with ultrasound to look into the rails to find weaknesses and lasers to measure variations in rail height and alignment. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last five years, Union Pacific has had about 180 derailments in California, Bizjack said. “Derailments are surprisingly frequent, but generally very minor,” he said. “Most of those derailments, however, the train cars ended up standing up, not falling over.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of all derailments are caused by track problems, said Bizjack. Others are caused by human and equipments errors. “So tracks are important, that’s sort of the front-line of defense — \u003ca href=\"http://www.cpuc.ca.gov/PUC/safety/rail/\">PUC\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.fra.dot.gov/Page/P0001\">FRA\u003c/a> think — in reducing the chance these new crude oil shipments can derail, explode.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Union Pacific is not yet bringing volatile Bakken crude to California. But there are plans in the works for Union Pacific to bring crude oil both to and through the Bay Area, Bizjak explains. A project at the Valero refinery in Benicia would bring two 50-car trains a day through Sacramento and along the I-80 corridor. Another proposal in Santa Maria, by Phillips 66, would bring trains through Sacramento, the East Bay, San Jose and down the coast. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you ask anybody in the Office of Emergency Services here in California, or first responders, fire departments, there is a real level of concern about the safety with more crude oil coming in,” Bizjak said. \u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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