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"content": "\u003cp>A controversial effort by California Sen. Dianne Feinstein to broker drought-driven water legislation is dead, for now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein said in a statement Thursday that, although efforts to negotiate a compromise with House Republicans have made progress, \"we will be unable to present an agreed-upon proposal before Congress adjourns this year.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/2014/11/20/4245563_feinstein-pushes-california-water.html\" target=\"_blank\">an interview with the Fresno Bee\u003c/a>, Feinstein said the effort would start again in January.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You’ve got to work with people to get something done,” she said. “I’m going to put together a first-day bill for the next Congress, and it can go through the regular order.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The veteran Democrat's negotiations had centered on working out differences with \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/03/brown-blasts-gop-drought-bill-as-divisive\" target=\"_blank\">HR3964\u003c/a>, passed by the House in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation was put forward by San Joaquin Valley Republican Reps. David Valladao and Devin Nunes and other members of California's GOP delegation. The bill aims to secure more water for agriculture by suspending provisions of various federal and state water and endangered species laws and allowing more pumping from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Many of the provisions existed in earlier versions of the legislation, sponsored by Nunes, that predated the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Northern California Democrats and their environmental allies have fought the bill. Seven members of the delegation \u003ca href=\"http://mikethompson.house.gov/newsroom/press-releases/northern-california-reps-statement-on-senator-feinstein-pulling-deeply\" target=\"_blank\">issued a statement Thursday\u003c/a> applauding Feinstein \"for stepping away from this deeply flawed legislation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement -- from Reps. Jared Huffman, Mike Thompson, Ami Bera, Jerry McNerney, George Miller, John Garamendi and Doris Matsui -- repeated criticism that Feinstein had conducted clandestine talks that excluded input from the public, environmental and fishing-industry advocates and members of her own party:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>As Members of Congress who represent districts that would be directly affected by this legislation, we have been raising serious objections to both the secretive process and the harmful content of this legislation. We will continue to demand next year that any water legislation responding to California’s severe drought be balanced and take into consideration the array of stakeholders in California.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>John McManus, executive director of the Golden Gate Salmon Association, expressed similar sentiments:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Any federal legislation that seeks to shift the balance of water distribution has to consider the interests of salmon and fishing communities since they've been hurt the worst by past water allocation decisions. This legislative effort didn't do that. The next time legislators consider California water issues, the interests and views of salmon fishermen need to be included.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein pushed back against suggestions that she had been secretive or working on behalf of corporate agricultural interests that have supported her in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Claims that this has been some kind of secret process are false. In order to come up with a bill that is ready for public comment, back-and-forth negotiations and consultations are often necessary, including extensive technical assistance from federal and state agencies. That process is ongoing. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>... It’s my hope that groups critical of this effort will strive to be productive rather than destructive. It’s clear that we need to get more water to our cities, businesses, farmers, households, fish and the Delta. And it’s equally important that we continue to protect wildlife and the environment. Only together will we stand a chance of agreeing on a bill that can help accomplish all of these goals.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The legislation was put forward by San Joaquin Valley Republican Reps. David Valladao and Devin Nunes and other members of California's GOP delegation. The bill aims to secure more water for agriculture by suspending provisions of various federal and state water and endangered species laws and allowing more pumping from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. Many of the provisions existed in earlier versions of the legislation, sponsored by Nunes, that predated the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most Northern California Democrats and their environmental allies have fought the bill. Seven members of the delegation \u003ca href=\"http://mikethompson.house.gov/newsroom/press-releases/northern-california-reps-statement-on-senator-feinstein-pulling-deeply\" target=\"_blank\">issued a statement Thursday\u003c/a> applauding Feinstein \"for stepping away from this deeply flawed legislation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The statement -- from Reps. Jared Huffman, Mike Thompson, Ami Bera, Jerry McNerney, George Miller, John Garamendi and Doris Matsui -- repeated criticism that Feinstein had conducted clandestine talks that excluded input from the public, environmental and fishing-industry advocates and members of her own party:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>As Members of Congress who represent districts that would be directly affected by this legislation, we have been raising serious objections to both the secretive process and the harmful content of this legislation. We will continue to demand next year that any water legislation responding to California’s severe drought be balanced and take into consideration the array of stakeholders in California.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>John McManus, executive director of the Golden Gate Salmon Association, expressed similar sentiments:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Any federal legislation that seeks to shift the balance of water distribution has to consider the interests of salmon and fishing communities since they've been hurt the worst by past water allocation decisions. This legislative effort didn't do that. The next time legislators consider California water issues, the interests and views of salmon fishermen need to be included.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Feinstein pushed back against suggestions that she had been secretive or working on behalf of corporate agricultural interests that have supported her in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Claims that this has been some kind of secret process are false. In order to come up with a bill that is ready for public comment, back-and-forth negotiations and consultations are often necessary, including extensive technical assistance from federal and state agencies. That process is ongoing. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>... It’s my hope that groups critical of this effort will strive to be productive rather than destructive. It’s clear that we need to get more water to our cities, businesses, farmers, households, fish and the Delta. And it’s equally important that we continue to protect wildlife and the environment. Only together will we stand a chance of agreeing on a bill that can help accomplish all of these goals.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Water Board Weighs Phasing Out Diablo Canyon's Cooling System",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/en/safety/systemworks/dcpp/index.page\">Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant\u003c/a>, located near San Luis Obispo on California's Central Coast, pulls in 2½ billion gallons of seawater every day, and then lets it out, 20 degrees warmer, back into the ocean. The system is known to cause marine damage, harming billions of fish larvae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCUQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swrcb.ca.gov%2Fpublications_forms%2Fpublications%2Ffactsheets%2Fdocs%2Foncethroughcooling.pdf&ei=YAFtVK31F866ogTUvYKwAw&usg=AFQjCNH8ziOmSv_3hKrAOL59bW03eYYieA&sig2=BHaEDC6JkeBIQinjm2pPzw\">California’s water board \u003c/a>required all coastal power plants in the state to phase out this type of system, called once-through-cooling, bringing the state in line with part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act\">federal Clean Water Act.\u003c/a> The \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\">State Water Resources Board\u003c/a> held a hearing Tuesday afternoon to discuss whether PG&E should have to comply with that policy at Diablo Canyon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/177692698\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two nuclear power plants in operation on the California coast when the policy was adopted were given until 2015 to show how or if they could comply. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/songs/decommissioning-plans.html\">San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station\u003c/a> has since ceased to operate. PG&E is arguing that the cost to phase out once-through-cooling at Diablo Canyon is too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And due to the fact that Diablo Canyon is a significant contributor of clean energy to the state and is helping the state reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change, it’s important that alternative compliance measures are considered,\" said Blair Jones, a spokesman for PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing centered around a study by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bechtel.com/\">Bechtel Corp\u003c/a>., commissioned by PG&E, to show compliance options. It included possibilities from mesh screens to the tall cooling towers that many people think would be the best solution. Part of the rub lies in the cost. Bechtel says it could be somewhere between $6.5 billion and $11.5 billion to build the towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental advocates argued for the cooling towers, citing other studies with much lower costs, in the $1.5 billion to $4.5 billion range. Damon Moglen is with \u003ca href=\"http://www.foe.org/projects/climate-and-energy/nuclear-reactors\">Friends of the Earth\u003c/a>, an environmental group that opposes nuclear power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question that we face here with Diablo Canyon is, does PG&E deserve to be excluded from two of the key environmental protection policies that the state of California has set up? And the answer is no! If they say they can generate energy safely and cleanly, then they need to comply with the law,” said Moglen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some members of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/ocean/cwa316/rcnfpp/\">review committee\u003c/a>, including the California Public Utilities Commission and the California Energy Commission, say there is no basis for exempting Diablo Canyon from phasing out once-through cooling. They recommend making compliance a minimum condition for relicensing the plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water board staff say they received 7,000 public written comments calling for full compliance. They hope to make recommendations regarding the nuclear power plant early next year.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pge.com/en/safety/systemworks/dcpp/index.page\">Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant\u003c/a>, located near San Luis Obispo on California's Central Coast, pulls in 2½ billion gallons of seawater every day, and then lets it out, 20 degrees warmer, back into the ocean. The system is known to cause marine damage, harming billions of fish larvae.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2010, \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=web&cd=2&ved=0CCUQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.swrcb.ca.gov%2Fpublications_forms%2Fpublications%2Ffactsheets%2Fdocs%2Foncethroughcooling.pdf&ei=YAFtVK31F866ogTUvYKwAw&usg=AFQjCNH8ziOmSv_3hKrAOL59bW03eYYieA&sig2=BHaEDC6JkeBIQinjm2pPzw\">California’s water board \u003c/a>required all coastal power plants in the state to phase out this type of system, called once-through-cooling, bringing the state in line with part of the \u003ca href=\"http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/summary-clean-water-act\">federal Clean Water Act.\u003c/a> The \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/\">State Water Resources Board\u003c/a> held a hearing Tuesday afternoon to discuss whether PG&E should have to comply with that policy at Diablo Canyon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/177692698&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/177692698'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two nuclear power plants in operation on the California coast when the policy was adopted were given until 2015 to show how or if they could comply. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nrc.gov/info-finder/reactor/songs/decommissioning-plans.html\">San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station\u003c/a> has since ceased to operate. PG&E is arguing that the cost to phase out once-through-cooling at Diablo Canyon is too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And due to the fact that Diablo Canyon is a significant contributor of clean energy to the state and is helping the state reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat climate change, it’s important that alternative compliance measures are considered,\" said Blair Jones, a spokesman for PG&E.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing centered around a study by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.bechtel.com/\">Bechtel Corp\u003c/a>., commissioned by PG&E, to show compliance options. It included possibilities from mesh screens to the tall cooling towers that many people think would be the best solution. Part of the rub lies in the cost. Bechtel says it could be somewhere between $6.5 billion and $11.5 billion to build the towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental advocates argued for the cooling towers, citing other studies with much lower costs, in the $1.5 billion to $4.5 billion range. Damon Moglen is with \u003ca href=\"http://www.foe.org/projects/climate-and-energy/nuclear-reactors\">Friends of the Earth\u003c/a>, an environmental group that opposes nuclear power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The question that we face here with Diablo Canyon is, does PG&E deserve to be excluded from two of the key environmental protection policies that the state of California has set up? And the answer is no! If they say they can generate energy safely and cleanly, then they need to comply with the law,” said Moglen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some members of a \u003ca href=\"http://www.swrcb.ca.gov/water_issues/programs/ocean/cwa316/rcnfpp/\">review committee\u003c/a>, including the California Public Utilities Commission and the California Energy Commission, say there is no basis for exempting Diablo Canyon from phasing out once-through cooling. They recommend making compliance a minimum condition for relicensing the plant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Water board staff say they received 7,000 public written comments calling for full compliance. They hope to make recommendations regarding the nuclear power plant early next year.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Oakland City Council OKs Zoo's Takeover of Park Land",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 10:55 a.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong> The Oakland City Council voted 6-2 to approve a proposal that will allow the Oakland Zoo to go ahead with an expansion into the city's Knowland Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council heard 2½ hours of public comment before voting 6-2 to grant the zoo a 53-acre conservation easement connected to creation of its $61 million California Trail project. Audience members erupted as the vote was taken, with zoo supporters cheering and project opponents shouting \"Shame on you!\" and \"This isn't over!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Final approval of the easement is scheduled for Dec. 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's video of the hearing and vote, followed by our original post on the issue:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe scrolling=\"no\" style=\"border:0\" width=\"480\" height=\"460\" id=\"GranicusFlashPlayerFrame\" src=\"http://oakland.granicus.com/MediaPlayer.php?clip_id=1655&view_id=2&embed=1&player_width=480&player_height=360&entrytime=13287&stoptime=25100&auto_start=0\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post (Tuesday, Nov. 19): \u003c/strong>The Oakland City Council is expected to vote Tuesday evening on \u003ca href=\"https://oakland.legistar.com/MeetingDetail.aspx?ID=356956&GUID=16DE5C62-6AD4-48F0-B611-BCC0FC7B36E4&Options=info%7C&Search=\" target=\"_blank\">a key piece of an Oakland Zoo expansion plan\u003c/a> that would close off public access to a large swath of the city's Knowland Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The zoo's proposed \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiatrail.org/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">California Trail \u003c/a> expansion includes a three-story, 34,000-square-foot building that will house an interpretive center, classroom, offices, restaurant and gift shop. The facility will also include outdoor exhibits for native wildlife, a campground and an aerial gondola to carry visitors from zoo parking lots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the council is voting on Tuesday is \u003ca href=\"https://oakland.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=1988714&GUID=B85244D3-3A11-4591-9652-861D746C53AB&Options=&Search=\" target=\"_blank\">a 53-acre conservation easement\u003c/a> that would allow construction in an area that's part of the habitat of the threatened \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/espp/factsheets/alameda-whipsnake.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Alameda whipsnake\u003c/a>, while protecting another part of the snake's habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're thinking you've heard about this zoo expansion plan before. you're right: Some version of it has been kicking around since 1996. The City Council approved this iteration of the plan in 2011, although voters voted against giving parcel tax revenue to the zoo the following year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City planning staff has recommended approval of the easement, noting that it implements the council's prior decisions and \"maintains the appropriate balance between protection of sensitive natural resources and public use of park land.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The zoo argues that the plan has been reviewed exhaustively by federal, state, regional and local agencies, \"all of which concluded that the project strikes the right balance in Knowland Park between conservation and recreation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"http://www.saveknowland.org/\" target=\"_blank\">coalition of environmental groups and neighbors\u003c/a>, including the Sierra Club and the California Native Plant Society, opposes the plan. The Save Knowland Park Coalition \u003ca href=\"http://www.saveknowland.org/2014/10/18/new-poll-shows-voter-opposition-to-oakland-zoo-expansion-plan/\" target=\"_blank\">points to a poll it commissioned\u003c/a> that shows 75 percent of respondents want the zoo to limit or eliminate expansion into undeveloped parkland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruth Malone, of the Friends of Knowland Park, says the zoo has chosen the wrong site for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really is about the location, and it's always been about the location,\" Malone says. \"I think nobody objects to a responsible expansion plan, something closer to the existing zoo, something that doesn't destroy habitat. To bulldoze wildlife habitat for an exhibit about conservation is just crazy, it makes no sense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the most biologically rich part of the park where they've insisted they have to build their three-story, 34,000-square-foot visitors' center, with a restaurant, reached by an aerial gondola because it's so far from the existing zoo,\" says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city's staff report on the easement says the zoo studied other locations for the new exhibit, but all had serious problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday will be the first reading of the ordinance, and the City Council's final vote on the easement is scheduled for Dec. 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on this story, check out Sam Levin's \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/zoo-gone-wild/Content?oid=4059113&showFullText=true\" target=\"_blank\">deep dive in the East Bay Express from September\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201210220930\" target=\"_blank\">KQED's Forum from 2012\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 10:55 a.m. Wednesday:\u003c/strong> The Oakland City Council voted 6-2 to approve a proposal that will allow the Oakland Zoo to go ahead with an expansion into the city's Knowland Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The council heard 2½ hours of public comment before voting 6-2 to grant the zoo a 53-acre conservation easement connected to creation of its $61 million California Trail project. Audience members erupted as the vote was taken, with zoo supporters cheering and project opponents shouting \"Shame on you!\" and \"This isn't over!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Final approval of the easement is scheduled for Dec. 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's video of the hearing and vote, followed by our original post on the issue:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe scrolling=\"no\" style=\"border:0\" width=\"480\" height=\"460\" id=\"GranicusFlashPlayerFrame\" src=\"http://oakland.granicus.com/MediaPlayer.php?clip_id=1655&view_id=2&embed=1&player_width=480&player_height=360&entrytime=13287&stoptime=25100&auto_start=0\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post (Tuesday, Nov. 19): \u003c/strong>The Oakland City Council is expected to vote Tuesday evening on \u003ca href=\"https://oakland.legistar.com/MeetingDetail.aspx?ID=356956&GUID=16DE5C62-6AD4-48F0-B611-BCC0FC7B36E4&Options=info%7C&Search=\" target=\"_blank\">a key piece of an Oakland Zoo expansion plan\u003c/a> that would close off public access to a large swath of the city's Knowland Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The zoo's proposed \u003ca href=\"http://www.californiatrail.org/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">California Trail \u003c/a> expansion includes a three-story, 34,000-square-foot building that will house an interpretive center, classroom, offices, restaurant and gift shop. The facility will also include outdoor exhibits for native wildlife, a campground and an aerial gondola to carry visitors from zoo parking lots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What the council is voting on Tuesday is \u003ca href=\"https://oakland.legistar.com/LegislationDetail.aspx?ID=1988714&GUID=B85244D3-3A11-4591-9652-861D746C53AB&Options=&Search=\" target=\"_blank\">a 53-acre conservation easement\u003c/a> that would allow construction in an area that's part of the habitat of the threatened \u003ca href=\"http://www.epa.gov/espp/factsheets/alameda-whipsnake.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">Alameda whipsnake\u003c/a>, while protecting another part of the snake's habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you're thinking you've heard about this zoo expansion plan before. you're right: Some version of it has been kicking around since 1996. The City Council approved this iteration of the plan in 2011, although voters voted against giving parcel tax revenue to the zoo the following year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>City planning staff has recommended approval of the easement, noting that it implements the council's prior decisions and \"maintains the appropriate balance between protection of sensitive natural resources and public use of park land.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The zoo argues that the plan has been reviewed exhaustively by federal, state, regional and local agencies, \"all of which concluded that the project strikes the right balance in Knowland Park between conservation and recreation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a \u003ca href=\"http://www.saveknowland.org/\" target=\"_blank\">coalition of environmental groups and neighbors\u003c/a>, including the Sierra Club and the California Native Plant Society, opposes the plan. The Save Knowland Park Coalition \u003ca href=\"http://www.saveknowland.org/2014/10/18/new-poll-shows-voter-opposition-to-oakland-zoo-expansion-plan/\" target=\"_blank\">points to a poll it commissioned\u003c/a> that shows 75 percent of respondents want the zoo to limit or eliminate expansion into undeveloped parkland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ruth Malone, of the Friends of Knowland Park, says the zoo has chosen the wrong site for the project.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It really is about the location, and it's always been about the location,\" Malone says. \"I think nobody objects to a responsible expansion plan, something closer to the existing zoo, something that doesn't destroy habitat. To bulldoze wildlife habitat for an exhibit about conservation is just crazy, it makes no sense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the most biologically rich part of the park where they've insisted they have to build their three-story, 34,000-square-foot visitors' center, with a restaurant, reached by an aerial gondola because it's so far from the existing zoo,\" says Malone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The city's staff report on the easement says the zoo studied other locations for the new exhibit, but all had serious problems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday will be the first reading of the ordinance, and the City Council's final vote on the easement is scheduled for Dec. 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For more on this story, check out Sam Levin's \u003ca href=\"http://www.eastbayexpress.com/oakland/zoo-gone-wild/Content?oid=4059113&showFullText=true\" target=\"_blank\">deep dive in the East Bay Express from September\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.kqed.org/a/forum/R201210220930\" target=\"_blank\">KQED's Forum from 2012\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "This Week's Rain Unlikely to Dent Drought",
"headTitle": "This Week’s Rain Unlikely to Dent Drought | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24028\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/IMG_5282.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24028\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/IMG_5282.jpg\" alt=\"Rain falls in Vallejo in October. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"1080\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An October downpour in Vallejo. Despite such cloudbursts, early storms like this one failed to deliver much rain to most of the Bay Area. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rain storms expected to blow through the Bay Area this week will likely have little impact on the statewide drought, now entering its fourth year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service is \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/total_forecast/getprod.php?prod=XXXAFDMTR&wfo=MTR\">forecasting\u003c/a> only about a half-inch of precipitation to fall in most locations from three separate storm systems beginning mid-week and concluding sometime on Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three storms look to be on the weak side, said NWS forecaster Roger Gaas, with the possible exception of the last storm arriving on Friday — if it swings far enough south to douse the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we can’t complain when we get three wet systems in a row, particularly within a few days,” says Gass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the region’s water scarcity can be traced to a persistent \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/1967\">high pressure ridge\u003c/a> that diverts Pacific storms to the north. Gass says the ridge has begun to shift eastward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has allowed the storm systems to actually have an entrance into central California and bring us rainfall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But experts are cautioning against too much optimism following just a little rain that, taking the long view, will have such scant impact on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_26932356/california-drought-not-likely-end-this-winter-experts\">state’s water shortage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thursday it’ll rain, and people will say, ‘Oh, I’m very excited,’ and Saturday it’ll rain, and ‘Oh, drought’s over.’ Not even close,” says Jeffrey Mount, a senior fellow with Public Policy Institute of California focused on water policy and management. “This has been three consecutive years of extreme dryness, and that extreme dryness translates to much lower groundwater levels, and very dry soils. It’s going to take a lot of rain to break this drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much? Current estimates from the state Department of Water Resources say the state needs about 1.5 times the rainfall of an average year to break the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, even an average year would revive \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/parched-california-wildlife-suffers-in-drought/\">wetlands that support migrating wildlife\u003c/a>, boost river flows that are currently stressing aquatic life and begin to refill aquifers and reservoirs depleted over the dry years, Mount says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Mount sees it, the difference between a wet and a dry year in California is a razor’s edge, or about a week’s worth of storms scattered over the first two months of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s usually in that period between Christmas and mid-February — five to seven of those days — that decide whether we have a wet year or not,” Mount says. “And if we don’t get five to seven days worth of heavy rain, we have a dry year. We cut it that fine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the time period that the West Coast storms can be carried by \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/atmospheric-river-may-help-put-a-dent-in-california-drought-17039\">atmospheric rivers\u003c/a>, which tend to dump a lot of moisture. But those storms, the kind that can turn a drought year into an above-average one for precipitation, don’t always come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t get any, or just get a few weak ones, we tend to be dry,” Mount explained in an email. “Indeed, 1997 and 1986 were major flood years that would have been labeled below average to dry if those prolonged atmospheric rivers (lasting days) had not occurred.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s much too early to tell whether the 2014-15 water year will be the fourth in a historic drought or the wet year that begins to turn things around. Long-term forecasts, which aren’t considered reliable, have begun to indicate more precipitation this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s at least a ray of hope,” says Mount, “and when it comes to rainfall, hope is our strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_24028\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/IMG_5282.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-24028\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/IMG_5282.jpg\" alt=\"Rain falls in Vallejo in October. (Craig Miller/KQED)\" width=\"640\" height=\"1080\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">An October downpour in Vallejo. Despite such cloudbursts, early storms like this one failed to deliver much rain to most of the Bay Area. (Craig Miller/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Rain storms expected to blow through the Bay Area this week will likely have little impact on the statewide drought, now entering its fourth year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The National Weather Service is \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrh.noaa.gov/total_forecast/getprod.php?prod=XXXAFDMTR&wfo=MTR\">forecasting\u003c/a> only about a half-inch of precipitation to fall in most locations from three separate storm systems beginning mid-week and concluding sometime on Saturday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three storms look to be on the weak side, said NWS forecaster Roger Gaas, with the possible exception of the last storm arriving on Friday — if it swings far enough south to douse the Bay Area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But we can’t complain when we get three wet systems in a row, particularly within a few days,” says Gass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the region’s water scarcity can be traced to a persistent \u003ca href=\"http://www.weatherwest.com/archives/1967\">high pressure ridge\u003c/a> that diverts Pacific storms to the north. Gass says the ridge has begun to shift eastward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This has allowed the storm systems to actually have an entrance into central California and bring us rainfall.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But experts are cautioning against too much optimism following just a little rain that, taking the long view, will have such scant impact on the \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_26932356/california-drought-not-likely-end-this-winter-experts\">state’s water shortage\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Thursday it’ll rain, and people will say, ‘Oh, I’m very excited,’ and Saturday it’ll rain, and ‘Oh, drought’s over.’ Not even close,” says Jeffrey Mount, a senior fellow with Public Policy Institute of California focused on water policy and management. “This has been three consecutive years of extreme dryness, and that extreme dryness translates to much lower groundwater levels, and very dry soils. It’s going to take a lot of rain to break this drought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How much? Current estimates from the state Department of Water Resources say the state needs about 1.5 times the rainfall of an average year to break the drought.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, even an average year would revive \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/audio/parched-california-wildlife-suffers-in-drought/\">wetlands that support migrating wildlife\u003c/a>, boost river flows that are currently stressing aquatic life and begin to refill aquifers and reservoirs depleted over the dry years, Mount says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Mount sees it, the difference between a wet and a dry year in California is a razor’s edge, or about a week’s worth of storms scattered over the first two months of the year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s usually in that period between Christmas and mid-February — five to seven of those days — that decide whether we have a wet year or not,” Mount says. “And if we don’t get five to seven days worth of heavy rain, we have a dry year. We cut it that fine.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the time period that the West Coast storms can be carried by \u003ca href=\"http://www.climatecentral.org/news/atmospheric-river-may-help-put-a-dent-in-california-drought-17039\">atmospheric rivers\u003c/a>, which tend to dump a lot of moisture. But those storms, the kind that can turn a drought year into an above-average one for precipitation, don’t always come.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If we don’t get any, or just get a few weak ones, we tend to be dry,” Mount explained in an email. “Indeed, 1997 and 1986 were major flood years that would have been labeled below average to dry if those prolonged atmospheric rivers (lasting days) had not occurred.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So it’s much too early to tell whether the 2014-15 water year will be the fourth in a historic drought or the wet year that begins to turn things around. Long-term forecasts, which aren’t considered reliable, have begun to indicate more precipitation this winter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That’s at least a ray of hope,” says Mount, “and when it comes to rainfall, hope is our strategy.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Scientists Suspect a Virus is Causing Sea Star Die-Off",
"headTitle": "Scientists Suspect a Virus is Causing Sea Star Die-Off | KQED",
"content": "\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23912\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/diseased-davenport-big.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23912 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/diseased-davenport-big.jpg\" alt=\"diseased-davenport big\" width=\"4000\" height=\"3000\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The wasting disease affecting sea stars causes some, like this ochre star in Santa Cruz, to lose their legs. (Nate Fletcher/ UC Santa Cruz) \u003ccite>(Nate Fletcher/ UC Santa Cruz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-image-23896 size-full\">Scientists have identified the top suspect in the mysterious die-off of millions of sea stars along the west coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions of starfish from Mexico to Alaska have lost their legs and turned to mush, confounding and alarming scientists and beachgoers. In affected areas, the mortality rate has been as high as 70 to 99 percent. The phenomenon is known as “\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/03/07/what-we-know-and-dont-know-about-the-sea-star-die-off/\">sea star wasting disease\u003c/a>” but the cause has remained unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from UC Santa Cruz, Cornell University and other institutions now have strong evidence that links the disease to a densovirus, a type of parvovirus commonly found in invertebrates. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/11/12/1416625111.full.pdf+html\">paper published\u003c/a> in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the scientists report that densovirus is also present in museum specimens of sea stars as far back as the 1940s. That means that while the virus has long been present in sea star populations, something has triggered the recent outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass sea star die-offs have occurred before, says Peter Raimondi, chair of the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at UC Santa Cruz. But they all corresponded with El Niño years that brought warmer waters to the Pacific Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key difference with other outbreaks is that in other ones it was unambiguously associated with warm water,” Raimondi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The sea stars may have responded to the viral outbreak by reproducing even more than usual.’\u003ccite>— Dr. Peter Raimondi, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This latest die-off doesn’t follow the same pattern. Previous outbreaks spread north as warm waters moved up the coast, but the current outbreak has occurred as a series of individual incidents, popping up all over the west coast, first in the north and then further south and then back in the north. Some of the affected areas saw warmer temperatures but some didn’t, Raimondi says. This outbreak has also lasted longer and affected a larger area than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raimondi and his colleagues are still researching what’s driving the current outbreak. They haven’t ruled out warmer water entirely, but they’re investigating a variety of other environmental factors, from pollution to ocean acidification to a decrease in oxygen in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know if it’s an isolated example taking root and spreading, and doesn’t portend anything in future,” Raimondi says, “or if this is a portent of things that will become more common in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Prospects for Recovery\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers aren’t sure whether the sea star population is going to be able to rebound from this die-off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bad news of the study is that, besides sea stars, the virus is found in sediment and in sea urchins, although the urchins don’t show symptoms of the virus. Raimondi says the sediments and urchins are acting as a reservoir for the virus and might infect new generations of sea stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23909\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/p_ochraceus_recruits_sad_2014_0325_mg-BIG.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23909 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/p_ochraceus_recruits_sad_2014_0325_mg-BIG.jpg\" alt=\"p_ochraceus_recruits_sad_2014_0325_mg BIG\" width=\"4000\" height=\"3000\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists are now seeing large numbers of juvenile sea stars in areas that were affected by the virus outbreak. (Maya George/UC Santa Cruz)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beautiful and brightly colored, starfish are a charismatic species and a favorite of beach goers. They’re also voracious predators. Starfish are called a keystone species, meaning they’re at the top of the food chain and have a major effect on the ecosystem. A significant decline in sea star species could have profound ecological consequences, Raimondi says, changing marine ecosystems along the west coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is that researchers are finding huge populations of baby starfish in some of their monitoring areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When animals get stressed they tend to reproduce,” Raimondi says. The sea stars may have responded to the viral outbreak by reproducing even more than usual. The baby sea stars then drift away from their birthplace on ocean currents. “Because babies tend to go somewhere else, they can repopulate other areas, so recovery can be quicker than we thought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raimondi encourages beachgoers, boaters, and divers to visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/data-products/sea-star-wasting/index.html\">seastarwasting.org\u003c/a> to see pictures of diseased and baby sea stars and to submit information about their own sightings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We welcome observation,” Raimondi says. “The public can help immensely in our understanding of what’s causing this and what the recovery prospects are like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You can see scientists at work trying to solve the mystery of sea star wasting disease, in this QUEST TV story, filmed earlier this year.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_GcseyLU1Rs?feature=player_detailpage\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23912\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/diseased-davenport-big.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23912 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/diseased-davenport-big.jpg\" alt=\"diseased-davenport big\" width=\"4000\" height=\"3000\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The wasting disease affecting sea stars causes some, like this ochre star in Santa Cruz, to lose their legs. (Nate Fletcher/ UC Santa Cruz) \u003ccite>(Nate Fletcher/ UC Santa Cruz)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp class=\"wp-image-23896 size-full\">Scientists have identified the top suspect in the mysterious die-off of millions of sea stars along the west coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions of starfish from Mexico to Alaska have lost their legs and turned to mush, confounding and alarming scientists and beachgoers. In affected areas, the mortality rate has been as high as 70 to 99 percent. The phenomenon is known as “\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/2014/03/07/what-we-know-and-dont-know-about-the-sea-star-die-off/\">sea star wasting disease\u003c/a>” but the cause has remained unknown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers from UC Santa Cruz, Cornell University and other institutions now have strong evidence that links the disease to a densovirus, a type of parvovirus commonly found in invertebrates. In a \u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2014/11/12/1416625111.full.pdf+html\">paper published\u003c/a> in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the scientists report that densovirus is also present in museum specimens of sea stars as far back as the 1940s. That means that while the virus has long been present in sea star populations, something has triggered the recent outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mass sea star die-offs have occurred before, says Peter Raimondi, chair of the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at UC Santa Cruz. But they all corresponded with El Niño years that brought warmer waters to the Pacific Coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The key difference with other outbreaks is that in other ones it was unambiguously associated with warm water,” Raimondi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘The sea stars may have responded to the viral outbreak by reproducing even more than usual.’\u003ccite>— Dr. Peter Raimondi, UC Santa Cruz\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>This latest die-off doesn’t follow the same pattern. Previous outbreaks spread north as warm waters moved up the coast, but the current outbreak has occurred as a series of individual incidents, popping up all over the west coast, first in the north and then further south and then back in the north. Some of the affected areas saw warmer temperatures but some didn’t, Raimondi says. This outbreak has also lasted longer and affected a larger area than ever before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raimondi and his colleagues are still researching what’s driving the current outbreak. They haven’t ruled out warmer water entirely, but they’re investigating a variety of other environmental factors, from pollution to ocean acidification to a decrease in oxygen in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t know if it’s an isolated example taking root and spreading, and doesn’t portend anything in future,” Raimondi says, “or if this is a portent of things that will become more common in the future.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Prospects for Recovery\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers aren’t sure whether the sea star population is going to be able to rebound from this die-off.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bad news of the study is that, besides sea stars, the virus is found in sediment and in sea urchins, although the urchins don’t show symptoms of the virus. Raimondi says the sediments and urchins are acting as a reservoir for the virus and might infect new generations of sea stars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23909\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 4000px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/p_ochraceus_recruits_sad_2014_0325_mg-BIG.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23909 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/p_ochraceus_recruits_sad_2014_0325_mg-BIG.jpg\" alt=\"p_ochraceus_recruits_sad_2014_0325_mg BIG\" width=\"4000\" height=\"3000\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists are now seeing large numbers of juvenile sea stars in areas that were affected by the virus outbreak. (Maya George/UC Santa Cruz)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Beautiful and brightly colored, starfish are a charismatic species and a favorite of beach goers. They’re also voracious predators. Starfish are called a keystone species, meaning they’re at the top of the food chain and have a major effect on the ecosystem. A significant decline in sea star species could have profound ecological consequences, Raimondi says, changing marine ecosystems along the west coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The good news is that researchers are finding huge populations of baby starfish in some of their monitoring areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When animals get stressed they tend to reproduce,” Raimondi says. The sea stars may have responded to the viral outbreak by reproducing even more than usual. The baby sea stars then drift away from their birthplace on ocean currents. “Because babies tend to go somewhere else, they can repopulate other areas, so recovery can be quicker than we thought.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Raimondi encourages beachgoers, boaters, and divers to visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.eeb.ucsc.edu/pacificrockyintertidal/data-products/sea-star-wasting/index.html\">seastarwasting.org\u003c/a> to see pictures of diseased and baby sea stars and to submit information about their own sightings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We welcome observation,” Raimondi says. “The public can help immensely in our understanding of what’s causing this and what the recovery prospects are like.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>You can see scientists at work trying to solve the mystery of sea star wasting disease, in this QUEST TV story, filmed earlier this year.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\nhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_GcseyLU1Rs?feature=player_detailpage\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Designing California Cities for a Long-Term Drought",
"headTitle": "Designing California Cities for a Long-Term Drought | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/11/20141118science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23886\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/boat3s-222.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23886 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/boat3s-222.gif\" alt=\"boat3s-222\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KQED Science reporter Amy Standen kayaks near the end of the L.A. River, where it sheds its concrete channel. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Let’s consider the possibility that this drought we’re in could last more than than just a few dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geologic history in California is marked by epic droughts — droughts lasting decades, even centuries. There’s no way of knowing whether we’re at the start of one of those, but scientists say it’s possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, most Californians live in cities designed, to a great extent, on the promise of nearly endless water, imported from wetter parts of the state via massive engineering projects like the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_State_Water_Project\">California State Water Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not hard to imagine a collision looming between how we expect water to behave — piped, channelized, pumped according to our needs — and how it may increasingly behave in coming years — sporadic, unpredictable, sometimes too much, sometimes too little.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When water doesn’t do what we want it to anymore, how does that change the way we live?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Case-Study in Water Hubris\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To begin this story, I wanted to visit a place that could symbolize the near-complete domination of man over nature. And while there are plenty of options for this — \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/\">especially \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salton_Sea\">in \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">California\u003c/a> — the Los Angeles River stood out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, on a cloudless November afternoon, I found myself scrambling down a steep riprap embankment with a two-seater kayak, accompanied by a local artist and river guide named Steve Appleton.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It just became one monolithic trapezoidal channel.’ \u003ccite>–Steve Appleton\u003cbr>\nL.A. Artist and River Guide\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Right away, it was clear how little of the L.A. River looks anything like a river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While efforts are underway to \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/07/140719-los-angeles-river-restoration-kayaking-greenway/\">restore some stretches\u003c/a> of the river to a more natural, riverlike state, many of the L.A. River’s 42-miles look like a concrete bathtub.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes a spot about a half mile upstream of the river’s terminus in Long Beach Harbor where getting wet requires something akin to rock-climbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, the industrial vibe was very much intact. On an overpass just north of us, a sign warned anyone who might be temped to do anything fun or outdoorsy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Danger: No swimming, diving. Waterskiing, jet skiing, sailboarding or other water-contact sports prohibited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, once upon a time, this river was a river. People who lived here fished in it and drank from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Los Angeles River, like all rivers, was unruly. After devastating floods in the 1930s, the Army Corps of Engineers paved it over and channelized it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/1200px-Bull_creek_north_from_victory-1024x732.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23935\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/1200px-Bull_creek_north_from_victory-1024x732.jpg\" alt=\"Bull Creek, an L.A. River tributary, flows in the city's Lake Balboa neighborhood. (<a title="User:Junkyardsparkle" href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Junkyardsparkle">Junkyardsparkle</a>/<a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/">Wikimedia Commons</a>)\" width=\"640\" height=\"458\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bull Creek, an L.A. River tributary, flows in the city’s Lake Balboa neighborhood. (Junkyardsparkle/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the city had begun getting its water from elsewhere. A massive aqueduct pulled in water from the Owens Valley, some 300 miles to the northeast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of all this engineering, two things happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One: Water suddenly seemed endless. “There it is, take it,” city water director and self-taught engineer William Mulholland famously told the residents of Los Angeles when the aqueduct opened in 1913. Today almost 4 million people live in L.A., which is amazing when you consider that this place gets as much water as Casablanca, Morocco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two: The river? You could almost forget it existed. It was buried and channelized, blocked off by chain link fence as the city expanded up to its concrete banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just became one monolithic trapezoidal channel,” says Appleton, laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Within Modern Plumbing, an Ancient Idea\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, we take it for granted that water can be engineered into submission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s an idea that comes from somewhere. And that somewhere is ancient Rome, according to David Sedlak, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at UC Berkeley and author of a new history of water, \u003ca href=\"http://www.water4point0.com/\">Water 4.0\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”9AAr94v6sIFrynk9CAwP4B25eLHWUGEN”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Romans gave us the idea of public baths, public toilets, fountains and the convenience of water coming directly into your neighborhood,” Sedlak says. “They were able to provide close to 100 gallons per person, per day, which is similar to what we use in some of our modern cities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ancient Romans did this in much the same way we do today, by importing water in giant aqueducts from distant places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the Romans, too, water seemed endless. They staged mock naval battles in giant stadiums, floating actual ships in artificial lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pride of ancient Rome, Sedlak says, was its hundreds of public fountains, which ran without stopping and served as focal points for civic life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Romans were the richest kids on the block in the ancient world, and as anyone who’s read Roman history knows, they were not hesitant to show the rest of the world how rich they were,” Sedlak says. “For the people who visited it, it must have been a marvel. They must have taken home with them this idea that the Romans were rich and technologically advanced.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To my ears, Sedlak is not just talking about Rome. He’s talking about California, too. California’s massive aqueducts, its vast networks of pumps and dams, allowed cities to bloom in our deserts and provided a foundation for an economy the size of Russia’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water doesn’t play by those rules anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Designing for a New Water Order\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2013 was the driest year in history; 2014 is not far behind. Climate change is expected to exacerbate this scarcity by making flows from the Sierra snowpack unreliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, cities are growing. There’s more competition between cities, farms and ecosystems for precious fresh water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23941\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/RS13030_Elmer_Ave_Before_After_4.jpg-alt_178.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23941\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/RS13030_Elmer_Ave_Before_After_4.jpg-alt_178.jpg\" alt=\"A creek bed runs beside a sidewalk on Elmer Avenue in Los Angeles. (Courtesy of TreePeople)\" width=\"320\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A “bioswale” running alongside a sidewalk on Elmer Avenue in Los Angeles soaks up rainwater and sends it to an underground storage chamber. (Courtesy of TreePeople)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This brings us to a prototype for the future city, which exists on a single block of Elmer Avenue, in a working-class neighborhood of East Los Angeles called Sun Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day I visited, I knew I wanted to meet people who lived on this particular block. But everyone I stopped seemed to have come from somewhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rick Martin, for example, was here power-walking with a friend. Neither lives on Elmer Avenue, but they come here for walks. Martin says it’s the nicest block in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This wasn’t always the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until a few years ago, Elmer Avenue had a problem with floods. Heavy rains turned intersections into lakes, and turned sidewalks – such as they were – into muddy swamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in 2009, the city embarked on a plan to install new technologies on Elmer Avenue that would transform the way the block used water, including the rain that fell here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In many of the yards – though not all – the Kentucky bluegrass has been removed,” observed Hadley Arnold, my tour guide for the day and a co-director of the \u003ca href=\"http://aridlands.org/\">Arid Lands Institute\u003c/a> at Woodbury University in Burbank, which trains architects and designers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of the residents here have replaced their lawns with drought-tolerant landscaping, such as California live oak, rosemary and sage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bigger changes on Elmer Avenue are less obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Making Cities Permeable\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $2.7 million \u003ca href=\"https://lafoundation.org/research/landscape-performance-series/case-studies/case-study/381/\">overhaul\u003c/a> installed “bio-swales” at the foot of the curbs, to absorb rainwater into underground “galleries” that collect and store it. About half the homes added rain-collecting barrels, which provide water for irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, when it rains, rather than sending rain water into the sewer and treating it like garbage (as most streets do), or – in a real downpour – flooding the sidewalk, Elmer Avenue soaks water into the ground and stores it for later use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In an average rain year,” says Arnold, “this block puts enough water for approximately 30 families for a year into the ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, Elmer Avenue is permeable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[edge_animation id=”9″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you think about it, this is the opposite of ancient Rome, the opposite of California’s giant aqueducts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elmer Avenue uses what it gets naturally, rather than relying entirely on imported water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold says it’s a good start, but that more dramatic design changes should follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look at those peaked roofs,” she tells me. “It’s a useless vestige that has no authentic purpose in this place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the homes in this neighborhood have triangular roofs, modeled on homes in colder climates where roofs are designed to shed ice and snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roofs here in Los Angeles’ sunbaked neighborhoods should look different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Roofs that are like a wide mouth open to the sky,” Arnold says. “Roofs that are like a cup or a bowl, or an umbrella turned upside down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And cities should, where possible, be porous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold is part of a \u003ca href=\"http://aridlands.org/discover/events/divining-la\">collaborative effort\u003c/a> to map the parts of the city where underground aquifers could safely absorb rain water, and the parts that might be better suited for above-ground capture. She believes this tool could be useful for developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities, Arnold says, should be designed to \u003ca href=\"http://aridlands.org/project/where-it-lets-reuse-it\">work with\u003c/a> the water that appears there naturally, not throw it away, only to import more from distant places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Futuristic Structures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, “speculative” architects are turning their attention to how buildings might be redesigned to accommodate local water sources and a changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a bright and airy studio in San Francisco’s Dogpatch neighborhood, Nataly Gattegno, a co-founder of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.future-cities-lab.net/\">Future Cities Lab\u003c/a>, introduces me to Hydramax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.future-cities-lab.net/hydramax/\">Hydramax\u003c/a> is a model of a theoretical structure (the word “building” doesn’t quite feel adequate; Gattegno calls it a “port machine”) designed for the San Francisco waterfront.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23877\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/Credit-Future-Cities-Lab-2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23877\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/Credit-Future-Cities-Lab-2.jpg\" alt='A rendering of the \"Hydramax,\" a futuristic building designed to capture water from the air, among other things. (Courtesy of Future Cities Lab) ' width=\"750\" height=\"606\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rendering of the “Hydramax,” a futuristic building designed to capture water from the air, among other things. (Courtesy of Future Cities Lab)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You have a shell,” explains Gattegno, “where all the occupation and habitation occurs. There are places to live in, places to shop. Then the next tier is [for] hydroponics, where food is grown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydramax anticipates a future where sea-level rise causes tides that regularly drench the waterfront. The structure can function submerged or dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covering the top of it are fabric structures, 90 feet long, that wave back and forth. They’re fog-harvesting “feathers” which can extract moisture from fog and channel it into the hydroponic farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s About Accommodating Water, Not Fighting It\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Gattegno whether she thought the Hydramax would ever get built. To me, it seemed unlikely; the structure seemed expensive, almost permanently futuristic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gattegno told me sure, she’d love to see the Hydramax and other far-out projects be built one day. But that’s not really the point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The point she wants to make (just like Hadley Arnold and David Sedlak) is that the old ways of building cities and supplying them with water — ideas we borrowed from the ancient Romans — may no longer make sense in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past we’ve controlled water,” says Gattegno. “We’ve told it what to do, what pipes to move through, what aqueducts to be contained in, and in this case, we’re proposing a completely alternative model, a model where water maybe is slightly controlled — it’s still controlled in a certain way, or at least it has a kind of known set of properties that we can leverage — but at the same time, it’s also left to be part of the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of burying plumbing underneath the street or behind walls, water infrastructure is the Hydramax’s centerpiece.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one example, she says, of how cities might be redesigned not to just survive the current drought, but be transformed by it, perhaps for the better.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Scientists say it’s possible California’s drought may last a lot longer than a few years. No one knows for sure, but we could all simply have to adjust to a drier climate. That could mean changing the way we build cities to make them more porous. The 'Hydramax,' a futuristic design pictured above, rises with the tide and captures water from the air.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23886\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/boat3s-222.gif\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23886 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/boat3s-222.gif\" alt=\"boat3s-222\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KQED Science reporter Amy Standen kayaks near the end of the L.A. River, where it sheds its concrete channel. (Amy Standen/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Let’s consider the possibility that this drought we’re in could last more than than just a few dry years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geologic history in California is marked by epic droughts — droughts lasting decades, even centuries. There’s no way of knowing whether we’re at the start of one of those, but scientists say it’s possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, most Californians live in cities designed, to a great extent, on the promise of nearly endless water, imported from wetter parts of the state via massive engineering projects like the \u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_State_Water_Project\">California State Water Project\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s not hard to imagine a collision looming between how we expect water to behave — piped, channelized, pumped according to our needs — and how it may increasingly behave in coming years — sporadic, unpredictable, sometimes too much, sometimes too little.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When water doesn’t do what we want it to anymore, how does that change the way we live?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Case-Study in Water Hubris\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To begin this story, I wanted to visit a place that could symbolize the near-complete domination of man over nature. And while there are plenty of options for this — \u003ca href=\"http://www.usbr.gov/lc/hooverdam/\">especially \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salton_Sea\">in \u003c/a>\u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/delta-map/\">California\u003c/a> — the Los Angeles River stood out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, on a cloudless November afternoon, I found myself scrambling down a steep riprap embankment with a two-seater kayak, accompanied by a local artist and river guide named Steve Appleton.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘It just became one monolithic trapezoidal channel.’ \u003ccite>–Steve Appleton\u003cbr>\nL.A. Artist and River Guide\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Right away, it was clear how little of the L.A. River looks anything like a river.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While efforts are underway to \u003ca href=\"http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/07/140719-los-angeles-river-restoration-kayaking-greenway/\">restore some stretches\u003c/a> of the river to a more natural, riverlike state, many of the L.A. River’s 42-miles look like a concrete bathtub.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That includes a spot about a half mile upstream of the river’s terminus in Long Beach Harbor where getting wet requires something akin to rock-climbing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here, the industrial vibe was very much intact. On an overpass just north of us, a sign warned anyone who might be temped to do anything fun or outdoorsy:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Danger: No swimming, diving. Waterskiing, jet skiing, sailboarding or other water-contact sports prohibited.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet, once upon a time, this river was a river. People who lived here fished in it and drank from it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the Los Angeles River, like all rivers, was unruly. After devastating floods in the 1930s, the Army Corps of Engineers paved it over and channelized it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23935\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/1200px-Bull_creek_north_from_victory-1024x732.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23935\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/1200px-Bull_creek_north_from_victory-1024x732.jpg\" alt=\"Bull Creek, an L.A. River tributary, flows in the city's Lake Balboa neighborhood. (<a title="User:Junkyardsparkle" href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Junkyardsparkle">Junkyardsparkle</a>/<a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/">Wikimedia Commons</a>)\" width=\"640\" height=\"458\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bull Creek, an L.A. River tributary, flows in the city’s Lake Balboa neighborhood. (Junkyardsparkle/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the city had begun getting its water from elsewhere. A massive aqueduct pulled in water from the Owens Valley, some 300 miles to the northeast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a result of all this engineering, two things happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One: Water suddenly seemed endless. “There it is, take it,” city water director and self-taught engineer William Mulholland famously told the residents of Los Angeles when the aqueduct opened in 1913. Today almost 4 million people live in L.A., which is amazing when you consider that this place gets as much water as Casablanca, Morocco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two: The river? You could almost forget it existed. It was buried and channelized, blocked off by chain link fence as the city expanded up to its concrete banks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It just became one monolithic trapezoidal channel,” says Appleton, laughing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Within Modern Plumbing, an Ancient Idea\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, we take it for granted that water can be engineered into submission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it’s an idea that comes from somewhere. And that somewhere is ancient Rome, according to David Sedlak, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at UC Berkeley and author of a new history of water, \u003ca href=\"http://www.water4point0.com/\">Water 4.0\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Romans gave us the idea of public baths, public toilets, fountains and the convenience of water coming directly into your neighborhood,” Sedlak says. “They were able to provide close to 100 gallons per person, per day, which is similar to what we use in some of our modern cities.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The ancient Romans did this in much the same way we do today, by importing water in giant aqueducts from distant places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To the Romans, too, water seemed endless. They staged mock naval battles in giant stadiums, floating actual ships in artificial lakes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pride of ancient Rome, Sedlak says, was its hundreds of public fountains, which ran without stopping and served as focal points for civic life.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The Romans were the richest kids on the block in the ancient world, and as anyone who’s read Roman history knows, they were not hesitant to show the rest of the world how rich they were,” Sedlak says. “For the people who visited it, it must have been a marvel. They must have taken home with them this idea that the Romans were rich and technologically advanced.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To my ears, Sedlak is not just talking about Rome. He’s talking about California, too. California’s massive aqueducts, its vast networks of pumps and dams, allowed cities to bloom in our deserts and provided a foundation for an economy the size of Russia’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But water doesn’t play by those rules anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Designing for a New Water Order\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>2013 was the driest year in history; 2014 is not far behind. Climate change is expected to exacerbate this scarcity by making flows from the Sierra snowpack unreliable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, cities are growing. There’s more competition between cities, farms and ecosystems for precious fresh water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23941\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 320px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/RS13030_Elmer_Ave_Before_After_4.jpg-alt_178.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-23941\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/RS13030_Elmer_Ave_Before_After_4.jpg-alt_178.jpg\" alt=\"A creek bed runs beside a sidewalk on Elmer Avenue in Los Angeles. (Courtesy of TreePeople)\" width=\"320\" height=\"427\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A “bioswale” running alongside a sidewalk on Elmer Avenue in Los Angeles soaks up rainwater and sends it to an underground storage chamber. (Courtesy of TreePeople)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This brings us to a prototype for the future city, which exists on a single block of Elmer Avenue, in a working-class neighborhood of East Los Angeles called Sun Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the day I visited, I knew I wanted to meet people who lived on this particular block. But everyone I stopped seemed to have come from somewhere else.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rick Martin, for example, was here power-walking with a friend. Neither lives on Elmer Avenue, but they come here for walks. Martin says it’s the nicest block in the neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This wasn’t always the case.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until a few years ago, Elmer Avenue had a problem with floods. Heavy rains turned intersections into lakes, and turned sidewalks – such as they were – into muddy swamps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in 2009, the city embarked on a plan to install new technologies on Elmer Avenue that would transform the way the block used water, including the rain that fell here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In many of the yards – though not all – the Kentucky bluegrass has been removed,” observed Hadley Arnold, my tour guide for the day and a co-director of the \u003ca href=\"http://aridlands.org/\">Arid Lands Institute\u003c/a> at Woodbury University in Burbank, which trains architects and designers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of the residents here have replaced their lawns with drought-tolerant landscaping, such as California live oak, rosemary and sage.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the bigger changes on Elmer Avenue are less obvious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Making Cities Permeable\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $2.7 million \u003ca href=\"https://lafoundation.org/research/landscape-performance-series/case-studies/case-study/381/\">overhaul\u003c/a> installed “bio-swales” at the foot of the curbs, to absorb rainwater into underground “galleries” that collect and store it. About half the homes added rain-collecting barrels, which provide water for irrigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, when it rains, rather than sending rain water into the sewer and treating it like garbage (as most streets do), or – in a real downpour – flooding the sidewalk, Elmer Avenue soaks water into the ground and stores it for later use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In an average rain year,” says Arnold, “this block puts enough water for approximately 30 families for a year into the ground.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, Elmer Avenue is permeable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[edge_animation id=”9″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you think about it, this is the opposite of ancient Rome, the opposite of California’s giant aqueducts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Elmer Avenue uses what it gets naturally, rather than relying entirely on imported water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold says it’s a good start, but that more dramatic design changes should follow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Look at those peaked roofs,” she tells me. “It’s a useless vestige that has no authentic purpose in this place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of the homes in this neighborhood have triangular roofs, modeled on homes in colder climates where roofs are designed to shed ice and snow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roofs here in Los Angeles’ sunbaked neighborhoods should look different.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Roofs that are like a wide mouth open to the sky,” Arnold says. “Roofs that are like a cup or a bowl, or an umbrella turned upside down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And cities should, where possible, be porous.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arnold is part of a \u003ca href=\"http://aridlands.org/discover/events/divining-la\">collaborative effort\u003c/a> to map the parts of the city where underground aquifers could safely absorb rain water, and the parts that might be better suited for above-ground capture. She believes this tool could be useful for developers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cities, Arnold says, should be designed to \u003ca href=\"http://aridlands.org/project/where-it-lets-reuse-it\">work with\u003c/a> the water that appears there naturally, not throw it away, only to import more from distant places.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Futuristic Structures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In San Francisco, “speculative” architects are turning their attention to how buildings might be redesigned to accommodate local water sources and a changing climate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a bright and airy studio in San Francisco’s Dogpatch neighborhood, Nataly Gattegno, a co-founder of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.future-cities-lab.net/\">Future Cities Lab\u003c/a>, introduces me to Hydramax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.future-cities-lab.net/hydramax/\">Hydramax\u003c/a> is a model of a theoretical structure (the word “building” doesn’t quite feel adequate; Gattegno calls it a “port machine”) designed for the San Francisco waterfront.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23877\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 750px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/Credit-Future-Cities-Lab-2.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23877\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/Credit-Future-Cities-Lab-2.jpg\" alt='A rendering of the \"Hydramax,\" a futuristic building designed to capture water from the air, among other things. (Courtesy of Future Cities Lab) ' width=\"750\" height=\"606\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A rendering of the “Hydramax,” a futuristic building designed to capture water from the air, among other things. (Courtesy of Future Cities Lab)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“You have a shell,” explains Gattegno, “where all the occupation and habitation occurs. There are places to live in, places to shop. Then the next tier is [for] hydroponics, where food is grown.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hydramax anticipates a future where sea-level rise causes tides that regularly drench the waterfront. The structure can function submerged or dry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Covering the top of it are fabric structures, 90 feet long, that wave back and forth. They’re fog-harvesting “feathers” which can extract moisture from fog and channel it into the hydroponic farms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>It’s About Accommodating Water, Not Fighting It\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I asked Gattegno whether she thought the Hydramax would ever get built. To me, it seemed unlikely; the structure seemed expensive, almost permanently futuristic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gattegno told me sure, she’d love to see the Hydramax and other far-out projects be built one day. But that’s not really the point.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The point she wants to make (just like Hadley Arnold and David Sedlak) is that the old ways of building cities and supplying them with water — ideas we borrowed from the ancient Romans — may no longer make sense in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In the past we’ve controlled water,” says Gattegno. “We’ve told it what to do, what pipes to move through, what aqueducts to be contained in, and in this case, we’re proposing a completely alternative model, a model where water maybe is slightly controlled — it’s still controlled in a certain way, or at least it has a kind of known set of properties that we can leverage — but at the same time, it’s also left to be part of the environment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead of burying plumbing underneath the street or behind walls, water infrastructure is the Hydramax’s centerpiece.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s one example, she says, of how cities might be redesigned not to just survive the current drought, but be transformed by it, perhaps for the better.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Central Valley Remembers a Crusader for Rural Health ",
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"content": "\u003cp>Teresa DeAnda was one of the very first people I met when I moved to the Central Valley to cover the region for \u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em> a decade ago. I decided to take a \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatvalley.org/\">Great Valley Center \u003c/a>bus tour of the valley with some incoming professors at the newly established UC Merced, which was just about to open its doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We traveled to rural Tulare County, where DeAnda shared her story about trying to raise seven children near fields where farmers regularly sprayed pesticides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She told us about what she called \u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/post/earlimart-pesticide-warrior-honored-advocacy\">“the big accident,\u003c/a>” in November 1999. More than 170 residents in her town of Earlimart were exposed when a soil fumigant applied to a nearby potato field drifted into people’s homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire department rounded up those who were vomiting or ill at the middle school football field, asked them to strip down and blasted them with firehoses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She described this incident as a “turning point” in her life, after seeing how disrespectfully her neighbors were treated by emergency crews. “My anger became awareness, my tears became action, and I became an advocate,” she would later say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everywhere I go to all the little rural communities, everybody has a story to tell about being drifted on by pesticides,\" she told me in a 2009 interview. \"It’s that they were outside barbequing, or they were having a birthday party. It just happens so commonplace, people don't report it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you think about it, if a pesticide accident happened in Malibu or Beverly Hills, there would be [an outcry], but because it's Tulare County, it's the poor people that are getting affected, the ones that are least able to pay the bills, the ones least able to afford a nebulizer or medication for asthma or other health problems already,\" De Anda told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teresa DeAnda, who died of liver cancer in late October at age 55, told her story to legislators in Sacramento and helped pass \u003ca href=\"80/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=200320040SB391\">SB391, the California Pesticide Drift Exposure Act\u003c/a>. The law helped improve emergency response to pesticide drift. She also helped establish protective buffer zones limiting pesticide use around schools, homes and labor camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348745\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/TDA-Funeral-1-of-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10348745 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/TDA-Funeral-1-of-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Mourners honored DeAnda at a memorial service at Delano High School on Sunday, Nov. 16. Her nephew read a letter from Governor Brown commending her tireless advocacy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/TDA-Funeral-1-of-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/TDA-Funeral-1-of-2-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/TDA-Funeral-1-of-2-1440x960.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mourners honored Teresa DeAnda at a memorial service at Delano High School on Sunday, Nov. 16. Her nephew read a letter from Gov. Jerry Brown commending her tireless advocacy. (Jeremy Raff/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her work was honored by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.womensfoundca.org/\">Women's Foundation of California \u003c/a>with the GroundBreaker-DreamMaker award recognizing the state’s women leaders, as well as the \u003ca href=\"http://rosefdn.org/anthony-grassroots-prize\">Anthony Grassroots Environmental Prize.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she was honored daily by community members who recognized her as a voice for tiny, rural farmworker communities. She was a mother of seven, a grandmother of eight and a tireless advocate for a son with autism. She loved animals and would drive around with water bottles and dog food in the trunk of her car in case she ran into any stray animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She would reach out to families, many of them immigrant farmworkers \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2009/10/16/reporters-notes-catching-the-drift/\">whose children had been sprayed while waiting for the school bus\u003c/a>, or who inhaled toxic quantities of pesticides from adjoining fields while harvesting crops. She would encourage them to report these incidents, rather than stay silent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I interviewed DeAnda several times over the last 10 years, including for a \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2009/10/26/reporters-notes-catching-the-drift-part-2/\">two-part series on pesticide drift \u003c/a>and its impact on children and communities in the San Joaquin Valley. I was struck by her humility, her candor and her courage, as well as her ability to maintain a sense of humor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I remember when I was little, there was that campaign, 'Don’t litter, don’t be a litterbug.' I would love a campaign that would put signs on the freeway billboards saying, 'Be careful with pesticides,' \" DeAnda told me. \"I’ve seen signs on the country roads that say, 'Drive slowly, dust hurts crops.' I would like to see signs that say, 'Be careful with your pesticides. Pesticides hurt people.' \"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Teresa DeAnda was one of the very first people I met when I moved to the Central Valley to cover the region for \u003cem>The California Report\u003c/em> a decade ago. I decided to take a \u003ca href=\"http://www.greatvalley.org/\">Great Valley Center \u003c/a>bus tour of the valley with some incoming professors at the newly established UC Merced, which was just about to open its doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We traveled to rural Tulare County, where DeAnda shared her story about trying to raise seven children near fields where farmers regularly sprayed pesticides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She told us about what she called \u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/post/earlimart-pesticide-warrior-honored-advocacy\">“the big accident,\u003c/a>” in November 1999. More than 170 residents in her town of Earlimart were exposed when a soil fumigant applied to a nearby potato field drifted into people’s homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The fire department rounded up those who were vomiting or ill at the middle school football field, asked them to strip down and blasted them with firehoses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She described this incident as a “turning point” in her life, after seeing how disrespectfully her neighbors were treated by emergency crews. “My anger became awareness, my tears became action, and I became an advocate,” she would later say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Everywhere I go to all the little rural communities, everybody has a story to tell about being drifted on by pesticides,\" she told me in a 2009 interview. \"It’s that they were outside barbequing, or they were having a birthday party. It just happens so commonplace, people don't report it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you think about it, if a pesticide accident happened in Malibu or Beverly Hills, there would be [an outcry], but because it's Tulare County, it's the poor people that are getting affected, the ones that are least able to pay the bills, the ones least able to afford a nebulizer or medication for asthma or other health problems already,\" De Anda told me.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teresa DeAnda, who died of liver cancer in late October at age 55, told her story to legislators in Sacramento and helped pass \u003ca href=\"80/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=200320040SB391\">SB391, the California Pesticide Drift Exposure Act\u003c/a>. The law helped improve emergency response to pesticide drift. She also helped establish protective buffer zones limiting pesticide use around schools, homes and labor camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348745\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/TDA-Funeral-1-of-2.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10348745 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/TDA-Funeral-1-of-2-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Mourners honored DeAnda at a memorial service at Delano High School on Sunday, Nov. 16. Her nephew read a letter from Governor Brown commending her tireless advocacy.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/TDA-Funeral-1-of-2-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/TDA-Funeral-1-of-2-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/TDA-Funeral-1-of-2-1440x960.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mourners honored Teresa DeAnda at a memorial service at Delano High School on Sunday, Nov. 16. Her nephew read a letter from Gov. Jerry Brown commending her tireless advocacy. (Jeremy Raff/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her work was honored by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.womensfoundca.org/\">Women's Foundation of California \u003c/a>with the GroundBreaker-DreamMaker award recognizing the state’s women leaders, as well as the \u003ca href=\"http://rosefdn.org/anthony-grassroots-prize\">Anthony Grassroots Environmental Prize.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she was honored daily by community members who recognized her as a voice for tiny, rural farmworker communities. She was a mother of seven, a grandmother of eight and a tireless advocate for a son with autism. She loved animals and would drive around with water bottles and dog food in the trunk of her car in case she ran into any stray animals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She would reach out to families, many of them immigrant farmworkers \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2009/10/16/reporters-notes-catching-the-drift/\">whose children had been sprayed while waiting for the school bus\u003c/a>, or who inhaled toxic quantities of pesticides from adjoining fields while harvesting crops. She would encourage them to report these incidents, rather than stay silent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I interviewed DeAnda several times over the last 10 years, including for a \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/2009/10/26/reporters-notes-catching-the-drift-part-2/\">two-part series on pesticide drift \u003c/a>and its impact on children and communities in the San Joaquin Valley. I was struck by her humility, her candor and her courage, as well as her ability to maintain a sense of humor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I remember when I was little, there was that campaign, 'Don’t litter, don’t be a litterbug.' I would love a campaign that would put signs on the freeway billboards saying, 'Be careful with pesticides,' \" DeAnda told me. \"I’ve seen signs on the country roads that say, 'Drive slowly, dust hurts crops.' I would like to see signs that say, 'Be careful with your pesticides. Pesticides hurt people.' \"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It’s the dead of autumn and there’s no sign that the California drought will ease up. When wells run dry the immediate answer is to dig a new one, but they’re expensive. In some parts of the state there’s been an uptick in water theft, but in Central California many homeowners are turning to a legal water solution that’s not dependent on city water lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eugene Keeney hooks his 2,500-gallon water truck up to a fire hydrant outside Fresno, in Clovis. On the south side of Shepherd Avenue -- in the city of Clovis -- the grass is green and still moist, with the water from daily running sprinklers piped in from Clovis’ water system. But the north unincorporated side of Shepherd Avenue is in Fresno County, where residents chose not to connect to the city’s water system some years back. From this side of the road all you see are brown yards and dirt driveways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/176966818\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes Keeney, with his water delivery company \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/nrkservices/\">NRK Services\u003c/a>, delivers drinking water as far as 50 miles away, but today his trip is shorter, across the street. “In this little neighborhood here, I have probably about 10 to 15 customers,” Keeney says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these wells have run dry and some homeowners are on waiting lists for new wells. “Some of the areas that are north of town -- their groundwater wells are inadequate for their needs,” says Lisa Cohen, assistant public utilities director for Clovis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeney says the price to hire a well driller is costly, and even if a new well is drilled there is no guarantee water is in the aquifer. “One customer got one done in six months,” says Keeney. “I got another customer that’s been waiting seven months now, but they got to go like 1,000 feet deep. And if you want to pay extra, they’ll drill your well sooner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeney, who delivers water legally, says the calls for deliveries began two months early this year. Last year Clovis sold 33 million gallons of water to contractors like Keeney. He says the calls increase when farmers with crops near residential areas begin to irrigate. “It’s the straw effect, long straw and short straw,” Keeney says. “You know they’re 1,000 feet deep, homeowners are a couple hundred feet deep, so as soon as you start drawing, the water table drops and you lose your water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is how the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ci.clovis.ca.us/Portals/0/Documents/Engineering/Standards/W-22.pdf\">water delivery truck system \u003c/a>works in Clovis. Keeney checks out a water meter from the city, he tells the clerk what hydrants he’ll draw from, he self-reports the gallons pumped over the phone, pays his bill and brings his meter in every six months for evaluation\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It costs him only $3.50 or so to fill his 2,500-gallon truck. That’s the same rate people who live in Clovis pay. Keeney’s profit is about $147 per truckload.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348644\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/Hammar1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10348644\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/Hammar1-400x362.jpg\" alt=\"Peter Hammar’s private household well was reduced to a dribble this summer when the well nearly dried up. Hammar has grown accustomed to preserving his water by taking short showers, reusing sink water and limiting the watering of his once-green yard. (Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\" width=\"400\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/Hammar1-400x362.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/Hammar1-800x725.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/Hammar1.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peter Hammar’s private household well was reduced to a dribble this summer when the well nearly dried up. Hammar has grown accustomed to preserving his water by taking short showers, reusing sink water and limiting the watering of his once-green yard. (Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Clovis Water Authority says that although this seems like a lot of city water used by truck haulers, it’s really less than 4 percent of the city’s yearly water production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twice a week Keeney delivers water to over 40 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Hammar, who lives on a 2½-acre parcel, is one of Keeney’s customers. He’s had to severely cut his household water consumption since his well was reduced to a dribble earlier this summer.“We noticed that the tank was filling slower and slower and slower,” Hammar says. “Finally, I had the well guy out, Scott Water. Scott’s guy said the well is essentially dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hammar’s yard is sparse. There’s not a weed in sight, just a giant palm and three other trees. He’s turned to living weed eaters to keep his plot tidy and drought-tolerant. “Come on you guys, wake up,” Hammar calls out to his goats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Past the goats and behind a fence, Hammar’s well is pumping at about one cup per minute. “I have a large green 3,000-gallon tank that you see all over the unincorporated parts of this county and it’s quite empty. You can hear how resonant that is,” Hammar says. “The water is about at the last quarter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the higher cost of buying water from Keeney and the uncertainty of building a second well, Hammar and his wife are using water very carefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You take measures; you do the best you can,” Hammar says. “Putting dishpans in every sink so you collect your rinse water, and that becomes your wash water. You take 90-second showers and so on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hammar is not alone in this struggle for water, and Eugene Keeney the water transporter admits to making a profit off this increasingly scarce natural resource. But then again, he says he has to make a living and pay off his truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He operates his company out of Clovis, but demand brings him all over Central California. “I’ve got calls from Sanger, I’ve got calls from Del Rey, I’ve got calls from Easton, Visalia, Oakhurst, Bass Lake,” Keeney says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, unfortunately, that is the fate of many other homeowners in the region, grappling for water when their neighbors have it miles or just feet away.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It’s the dead of autumn and there’s no sign that the California drought will ease up. When wells run dry the immediate answer is to dig a new one, but they’re expensive. In some parts of the state there’s been an uptick in water theft, but in Central California many homeowners are turning to a legal water solution that’s not dependent on city water lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eugene Keeney hooks his 2,500-gallon water truck up to a fire hydrant outside Fresno, in Clovis. On the south side of Shepherd Avenue -- in the city of Clovis -- the grass is green and still moist, with the water from daily running sprinklers piped in from Clovis’ water system. But the north unincorporated side of Shepherd Avenue is in Fresno County, where residents chose not to connect to the city’s water system some years back. From this side of the road all you see are brown yards and dirt driveways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/176966818&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/176966818'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sometimes Keeney, with his water delivery company \u003ca href=\"https://sites.google.com/site/nrkservices/\">NRK Services\u003c/a>, delivers drinking water as far as 50 miles away, but today his trip is shorter, across the street. “In this little neighborhood here, I have probably about 10 to 15 customers,” Keeney says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of these wells have run dry and some homeowners are on waiting lists for new wells. “Some of the areas that are north of town -- their groundwater wells are inadequate for their needs,” says Lisa Cohen, assistant public utilities director for Clovis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeney says the price to hire a well driller is costly, and even if a new well is drilled there is no guarantee water is in the aquifer. “One customer got one done in six months,” says Keeney. “I got another customer that’s been waiting seven months now, but they got to go like 1,000 feet deep. And if you want to pay extra, they’ll drill your well sooner.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keeney, who delivers water legally, says the calls for deliveries began two months early this year. Last year Clovis sold 33 million gallons of water to contractors like Keeney. He says the calls increase when farmers with crops near residential areas begin to irrigate. “It’s the straw effect, long straw and short straw,” Keeney says. “You know they’re 1,000 feet deep, homeowners are a couple hundred feet deep, so as soon as you start drawing, the water table drops and you lose your water.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is how the \u003ca href=\"https://www.ci.clovis.ca.us/Portals/0/Documents/Engineering/Standards/W-22.pdf\">water delivery truck system \u003c/a>works in Clovis. Keeney checks out a water meter from the city, he tells the clerk what hydrants he’ll draw from, he self-reports the gallons pumped over the phone, pays his bill and brings his meter in every six months for evaluation\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It costs him only $3.50 or so to fill his 2,500-gallon truck. That’s the same rate people who live in Clovis pay. Keeney’s profit is about $147 per truckload.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348644\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 400px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/Hammar1.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-thumbnail wp-image-10348644\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/Hammar1-400x362.jpg\" alt=\"Peter Hammar’s private household well was reduced to a dribble this summer when the well nearly dried up. Hammar has grown accustomed to preserving his water by taking short showers, reusing sink water and limiting the watering of his once-green yard. (Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\" width=\"400\" height=\"362\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/Hammar1-400x362.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/Hammar1-800x725.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/Hammar1.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Peter Hammar’s private household well was reduced to a dribble this summer when the well nearly dried up. Hammar has grown accustomed to preserving his water by taking short showers, reusing sink water and limiting the watering of his once-green yard. (Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The Clovis Water Authority says that although this seems like a lot of city water used by truck haulers, it’s really less than 4 percent of the city’s yearly water production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twice a week Keeney delivers water to over 40 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Peter Hammar, who lives on a 2½-acre parcel, is one of Keeney’s customers. He’s had to severely cut his household water consumption since his well was reduced to a dribble earlier this summer.“We noticed that the tank was filling slower and slower and slower,” Hammar says. “Finally, I had the well guy out, Scott Water. Scott’s guy said the well is essentially dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hammar’s yard is sparse. There’s not a weed in sight, just a giant palm and three other trees. He’s turned to living weed eaters to keep his plot tidy and drought-tolerant. “Come on you guys, wake up,” Hammar calls out to his goats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Past the goats and behind a fence, Hammar’s well is pumping at about one cup per minute. “I have a large green 3,000-gallon tank that you see all over the unincorporated parts of this county and it’s quite empty. You can hear how resonant that is,” Hammar says. “The water is about at the last quarter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because of the higher cost of buying water from Keeney and the uncertainty of building a second well, Hammar and his wife are using water very carefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You take measures; you do the best you can,” Hammar says. “Putting dishpans in every sink so you collect your rinse water, and that becomes your wash water. You take 90-second showers and so on.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hammar is not alone in this struggle for water, and Eugene Keeney the water transporter admits to making a profit off this increasingly scarce natural resource. But then again, he says he has to make a living and pay off his truck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He operates his company out of Clovis, but demand brings him all over Central California. “I’ve got calls from Sanger, I’ve got calls from Del Rey, I’ve got calls from Easton, Visalia, Oakhurst, Bass Lake,” Keeney says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, unfortunately, that is the fate of many other homeowners in the region, grappling for water when their neighbors have it miles or just feet away.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Parched: California Wildlife Suffers in Drought",
"headTitle": "Parched: California Wildlife Suffers in Drought | KQED",
"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"audio-wrap\">\n\u003ch2>Listen:\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>http://www.kqed.org/.stream/anon/radio/science/2014/11/20141110science.mp3\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Daniel Potter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23543\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/1-Giant-Garter-Snake.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23543\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/1-Giant-Garter-Snake.jpg\" alt=\"The giant garter snake is listed as a threatened species at the state and federal levels. It depends on water both to find meals and avoid becoming one. (Eric C. Hansen/CA Department of Fish and Wildlife)\" width=\"2240\" height=\"1680\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The giant garter snake is listed as a threatened species at the state and federal levels. It depends on water both to find meals and avoid becoming one. (Eric C. Hansen/CA Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Californians look to the sky, fingers crossed for a wet winter, three brutally dry years are harming millions of animals that depend on rivers, streams and wetlands for survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They range from salmon and snakes, to birds that migrate from as far away as the Arctic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For untold millions of migrating ducks and geese, California wetlands serve as a crucial rest stop along a kind of freeway known as the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/the-great-migration/\">Pacific Flyway\u003c/a>. Dave Shuford, senior biologist for \u003ca href=\"http://www.pointblue.org/\">Point Blue Conservation Science\u003c/a>, says irrigated farmlands are also crucial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve lost 90 percent of all the wetlands in California,” Shuford says, “and these birds used to depend on that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In places like the Sacramento Valley, rice farmers would normally \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/during-drought-pop-up-wetlands-give-birds-a-break/\">flood their fields\u003c/a> after the harvest to break down leftover stalks. But this year, both farmers and birds have been forced to deal with less.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We expect we’ll see fewer salmon out in the ocean in a few years.’\u003ccite>— John McManus, Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“They’re going to be concentrated in much smaller spaces, more likely to have disease transmission,” Shuford says, “and there’s also just less food resources for them for them to overwinter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, an outbreak of \u003ca href=\"http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/10/1/the-battle-in-californiatosavewaterfowlfromendingupasdeadducks.html\">botulism\u003c/a> that officials say was exacerbated by drought has \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2014/08/botulism_kills_thousands_of_du.html\">killed thousands of ducks\u003c/a>, mostly mallards, near the Oregon border. A meager winter could also leave many birds frail as they head into next year’s breeding season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the rivers and streams that lace the flyway, the drought could leave a dent in populations of salmon, according to John McManus, who heads the \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/\">Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/a>. That’s a coalition of fishermen, restaurants, businesses and tribes that rely on salmon for sustenance. McManus says more than 10,000 jobs in the state depend on salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He paints a dire picture: salmon eggs need cold water, ideally 56 degrees or less. But the lower flows coming down the streams this year have been heated by the sun to near-fatal temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of the eggs that are laid in river gravels this year are not expected to survive,” McManus says. “We expect we’ll see fewer salmon out in the ocean in a few years, when these fish would be adults.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23545\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 260px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/2-Dave-Shuford-e1415403844985.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-23545\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/2-Dave-Shuford-e1415403844985.jpg\" alt=\"Dave Shuford, senior biologist at Point Blue Conservation Science, surveys migratory bird habitats along the Sacramento River. He says he sees a lot fewer birds because the drought has shrunk their habitat and food supply and made them more vulnerable to disease. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"260\" height=\"347\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dave Shuford, senior biologist at Point Blue Conservation Science, surveys migratory bird habitats along the Sacramento River. He says he sees a lot fewer birds because the drought has shrunk their habitat and food supply and made them more vulnerable to disease. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trickling streams have also been unusually clear and slow-moving this year. McManus says that’s a deadly combination for baby salmon trying to dodge predators en route to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have high flows that are moving them rapidly,” he says. “We have very slow flows that are clear as a bell and make these salmon targets of predatory fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental scientist Eric Kleinfelter, of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/\">California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a>, saw a die-off of other fish in a small pond at the Cosumnes River Preserve, south of Sacramento. Hiking through tall, bristly grass near the edge of a marsh, Kleinfelter says as water levels dropped, the pond “obviously had issues with low dissolved oxygen,” essentially suffocating the carp there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was pretty dramatic. I remember looking over at that dead tree in the distance there,” he says, pointing. “There were at least 25 vultures sitting in that tree, waiting for their morning meal of carp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The preserve is also home to the giant garter snake, which is listed as a threatened species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At five feet long, it’s no anaconda, but it’s plenty big as garter snakes go. And it needs water — to find fish and frogs to eat, to hide from predators like coyotes and bobcats, and to help thermoregulate its cold-blooded body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re definitely dependent on water, which is what made this project so urgent,” Kleinfelter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late summer, to help protect the rare snake, state wildlife crews actually piped in water from a nearby well. Other animals also appreciated the $72,000 delivery service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were birds that were using the water there,” Kleinfelter says. “You could see animal tracks coming up to the ditch and drinking out of the ditch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/daily/droughtwildlifeslider.html\" width=\"670\" height=\"300\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Before and after shots of the snake marsh at Cosumnes River Preserve, south of Sacramento, where water was pumped in from a nearby well to help protect the giant garter snake. (Eric Kleinfelter/CA Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stresses of the drought also extend to Point Reyes, where ranchers say \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2014/08/botulism_kills_thousands_of_du.html\">tule elk\u003c/a> are \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Reintroduced-tule-elk-compete-with-cattle-on-5816969.php\">competing with their cattle\u003c/a> for the same rye grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in some places, you can actually hear the drought. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildsanctuary.com/\">Bioacoustician Bernie Krause\u003c/a> records animals in nature. For years, he’s taken audio snapshots at Sugarloaf Ridge State Park in Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until recently, Krause’s recordings featured dense layers of birdsong: white-crowned sparrows, juncos, towhees and woodpeckers, all with the steady hiss of a nearby creek underneath. But in his \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/10/16/listen-as-a-california-forest-grows-quiet-over-time/\">recording from this year\u003c/a>, the creek is absent, an uneasy silence punctuated by a few lonely chirps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2014, not only did the stream drop off,” Krause says, “but the bird density and diversity is way, way down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a stark decline, but the number and variety of birds were already dwindling, so Krause is reluctant to pin that solely on the dry weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are still gathering data in the effort to assess the impact of the drought on wildlife — so far.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Birds, salmon and snakes depend on marshes and rivers for survival and migration, and to propagate the species. But many wildlife species are unable to find the water they need as the drought shrinks rivers and dries up wetlands.",
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"description": "Birds, salmon and snakes depend on marshes and rivers for survival and migration, and to propagate the species. But many wildlife species are unable to find the water they need as the drought shrinks rivers and dries up wetlands.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Daniel Potter\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23543\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 2240px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/1-Giant-Garter-Snake.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-23543\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/1-Giant-Garter-Snake.jpg\" alt=\"The giant garter snake is listed as a threatened species at the state and federal levels. It depends on water both to find meals and avoid becoming one. (Eric C. Hansen/CA Department of Fish and Wildlife)\" width=\"2240\" height=\"1680\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The giant garter snake is listed as a threatened species at the state and federal levels. It depends on water both to find meals and avoid becoming one. (Eric C. Hansen/CA Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As Californians look to the sky, fingers crossed for a wet winter, three brutally dry years are harming millions of animals that depend on rivers, streams and wetlands for survival.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They range from salmon and snakes, to birds that migrate from as far away as the Arctic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For untold millions of migrating ducks and geese, California wetlands serve as a crucial rest stop along a kind of freeway known as the \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/video/the-great-migration/\">Pacific Flyway\u003c/a>. Dave Shuford, senior biologist for \u003ca href=\"http://www.pointblue.org/\">Point Blue Conservation Science\u003c/a>, says irrigated farmlands are also crucial.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve lost 90 percent of all the wetlands in California,” Shuford says, “and these birds used to depend on that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In places like the Sacramento Valley, rice farmers would normally \u003ca href=\"http://science.kqed.org/quest/audio/during-drought-pop-up-wetlands-give-birds-a-break/\">flood their fields\u003c/a> after the harvest to break down leftover stalks. But this year, both farmers and birds have been forced to deal with less.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘We expect we’ll see fewer salmon out in the ocean in a few years.’\u003ccite>— John McManus, Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“They’re going to be concentrated in much smaller spaces, more likely to have disease transmission,” Shuford says, “and there’s also just less food resources for them for them to overwinter.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Already, an outbreak of \u003ca href=\"http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/10/1/the-battle-in-californiatosavewaterfowlfromendingupasdeadducks.html\">botulism\u003c/a> that officials say was exacerbated by drought has \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2014/08/botulism_kills_thousands_of_du.html\">killed thousands of ducks\u003c/a>, mostly mallards, near the Oregon border. A meager winter could also leave many birds frail as they head into next year’s breeding season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in the rivers and streams that lace the flyway, the drought could leave a dent in populations of salmon, according to John McManus, who heads the \u003ca href=\"http://goldengatesalmonassociation.com/\">Golden Gate Salmon Association\u003c/a>. That’s a coalition of fishermen, restaurants, businesses and tribes that rely on salmon for sustenance. McManus says more than 10,000 jobs in the state depend on salmon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He paints a dire picture: salmon eggs need cold water, ideally 56 degrees or less. But the lower flows coming down the streams this year have been heated by the sun to near-fatal temperatures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of the eggs that are laid in river gravels this year are not expected to survive,” McManus says. “We expect we’ll see fewer salmon out in the ocean in a few years, when these fish would be adults.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_23545\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 260px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/2-Dave-Shuford-e1415403844985.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-23545\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/science/wp-content/uploads/sites/35/2014/11/2-Dave-Shuford-e1415403844985.jpg\" alt=\"Dave Shuford, senior biologist at Point Blue Conservation Science, surveys migratory bird habitats along the Sacramento River. He says he sees a lot fewer birds because the drought has shrunk their habitat and food supply and made them more vulnerable to disease. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\" width=\"260\" height=\"347\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dave Shuford, senior biologist at Point Blue Conservation Science, surveys migratory bird habitats along the Sacramento River. He says he sees a lot fewer birds because the drought has shrunk their habitat and food supply and made them more vulnerable to disease. (Daniel Potter/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Trickling streams have also been unusually clear and slow-moving this year. McManus says that’s a deadly combination for baby salmon trying to dodge predators en route to the ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We don’t have high flows that are moving them rapidly,” he says. “We have very slow flows that are clear as a bell and make these salmon targets of predatory fish.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Environmental scientist Eric Kleinfelter, of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/\">California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a>, saw a die-off of other fish in a small pond at the Cosumnes River Preserve, south of Sacramento. Hiking through tall, bristly grass near the edge of a marsh, Kleinfelter says as water levels dropped, the pond “obviously had issues with low dissolved oxygen,” essentially suffocating the carp there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was pretty dramatic. I remember looking over at that dead tree in the distance there,” he says, pointing. “There were at least 25 vultures sitting in that tree, waiting for their morning meal of carp.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The preserve is also home to the giant garter snake, which is listed as a threatened species.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At five feet long, it’s no anaconda, but it’s plenty big as garter snakes go. And it needs water — to find fish and frogs to eat, to hide from predators like coyotes and bobcats, and to help thermoregulate its cold-blooded body.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re definitely dependent on water, which is what made this project so urgent,” Kleinfelter says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late summer, to help protect the rare snake, state wildlife crews actually piped in water from a nearby well. Other animals also appreciated the $72,000 delivery service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There were birds that were using the water there,” Kleinfelter says. “You could see animal tracks coming up to the ditch and drinking out of the ditch.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://projects1.kqed.org/daily/droughtwildlifeslider.html\" width=\"670\" height=\"300\" frameborder=\"no\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Before and after shots of the snake marsh at Cosumnes River Preserve, south of Sacramento, where water was pumped in from a nearby well to help protect the giant garter snake. (Eric Kleinfelter/CA Department of Fish and Wildlife)\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stresses of the drought also extend to Point Reyes, where ranchers say \u003ca href=\"http://www.oregonlive.com/environment/index.ssf/2014/08/botulism_kills_thousands_of_du.html\">tule elk\u003c/a> are \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/science/article/Reintroduced-tule-elk-compete-with-cattle-on-5816969.php\">competing with their cattle\u003c/a> for the same rye grasses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And in some places, you can actually hear the drought. \u003ca href=\"http://www.wildsanctuary.com/\">Bioacoustician Bernie Krause\u003c/a> records animals in nature. For years, he’s taken audio snapshots at Sugarloaf Ridge State Park in Sonoma County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Up until recently, Krause’s recordings featured dense layers of birdsong: white-crowned sparrows, juncos, towhees and woodpeckers, all with the steady hiss of a nearby creek underneath. But in his \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/10/16/listen-as-a-california-forest-grows-quiet-over-time/\">recording from this year\u003c/a>, the creek is absent, an uneasy silence punctuated by a few lonely chirps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In 2014, not only did the stream drop off,” Krause says, “but the bird density and diversity is way, way down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a stark decline, but the number and variety of birds were already dwindling, so Krause is reluctant to pin that solely on the dry weather.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers are still gathering data in the effort to assess the impact of the drought on wildlife — so far.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Drought Photos: See Lake Oroville Fall Near Historic Low Over 20 Months",
"title": "Drought Photos: See Lake Oroville Fall Near Historic Low Over 20 Months",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>At the beginning of this year, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/16/california-drought-update-governor-jerry-brown-declaring-drought-emergency\" target=\"_blank\">declared a drought emergency\u003c/a> throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, during the \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/09/30/californias-water-year-ends-as-third-driest-on-record/\" target=\"_blank\">third-driest water year\u003c/a> on record, towns have started to \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/08/20/drought-stricken-california-town-struggles-to-keep-the-water-flowing/\" target=\"_blank\">run out of water\u003c/a>, agencies have \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/08/12/water-restrictions-meaning-of-mandatory-depends-on-where-you-live/\" target=\"_blank\">enacted mandatory conservation\u003c/a> and \"\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/07/11/drought-drives-hungry-bears-to-lake-tahoe/\" target=\"_blank\">drought bears\u003c/a>\" have even wandered into urban neighborhoods in search of food.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?ORO&d=13-Nov-2014+17:28&span=32days\" target=\"_blank\">Follow Lake Oroville reservoir level day by day\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>During this time, Lake Oroville, east of Chico in Butte County, has become a sort of drought poster child. It's the second-largest California reservoir after Lake Shasta, and the main reservoir for the State Water Project. Currently, the lake is \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?ORO&d=13-Nov-2014+17:28&span=32days\" target=\"_blank\">only 5 feet higher\u003c/a> than the record low recorded on Sept. 7, 1977 of 645 feet above sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED staff have visited the reservoir several times during the last 20 months. About 16 months ago, Lake Oroville was almost at 90 percent of capacity and the Department of Water Resources was freely releasing supplies. This year, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/04/09/during-long-dry-summer-of-drought-nobody-wins/\" target=\"_blank\">managers cut deliveries\u003c/a> to virtually nothing, conserving as much of the reservoir supplies as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the three photos below, taken in March 2013 and April and November of this year, you can see just how low the lake's water level has dwindled to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 27, 2013\u003c/strong>: Water surface elevation 860 feet above sea level; reservoir at 83 percent of capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348505\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10348505 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013.jpg\" alt=\"orovillemarch2013\" width=\"1440\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013-400x236.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013-800x473.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April 5, 2014\u003c/strong>: Water surface elevation 759 feet above sea level; reservoir at 50 percent of capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348504\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10348504\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014.jpg\" alt=\"(Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"1440\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014-800x533.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 8, 2014\u003c/strong>: Water surface elevation 652 feet above sea level; resevoir at 26 percent of capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348506\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10348506\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014.jpg\" alt=\"(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\" width=\"1440\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014-800x533.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348507\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10348507\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling-800x522.jpg\" alt=\"(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\" width=\"800\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling-800x522.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling-400x261.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently the water levels are so low that people need to rappel down to their boats at Bidwell Marina. You can see the end of the normal dock above the parked cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lake will continue to drop until it rains. \u003ca href=\"http://www.chicoer.com/ci_26725954/lake-oroville-inches-closer-record-low?source=rss_viewed\" target=\"_blank\">Officials worry\u003c/a> that if water levels fall to 604 feet they may be unable to produce power from the lake.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At the beginning of this year, Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/01/16/california-drought-update-governor-jerry-brown-declaring-drought-emergency\" target=\"_blank\">declared a drought emergency\u003c/a> throughout California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since then, during the \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/09/30/californias-water-year-ends-as-third-driest-on-record/\" target=\"_blank\">third-driest water year\u003c/a> on record, towns have started to \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/08/20/drought-stricken-california-town-struggles-to-keep-the-water-flowing/\" target=\"_blank\">run out of water\u003c/a>, agencies have \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/08/12/water-restrictions-meaning-of-mandatory-depends-on-where-you-live/\" target=\"_blank\">enacted mandatory conservation\u003c/a> and \"\u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/07/11/drought-drives-hungry-bears-to-lake-tahoe/\" target=\"_blank\">drought bears\u003c/a>\" have even wandered into urban neighborhoods in search of food.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">\u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?ORO&d=13-Nov-2014+17:28&span=32days\" target=\"_blank\">Follow Lake Oroville reservoir level day by day\u003c/a>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>During this time, Lake Oroville, east of Chico in Butte County, has become a sort of drought poster child. It's the second-largest California reservoir after Lake Shasta, and the main reservoir for the State Water Project. Currently, the lake is \u003ca href=\"http://cdec.water.ca.gov/cgi-progs/queryDaily?ORO&d=13-Nov-2014+17:28&span=32days\" target=\"_blank\">only 5 feet higher\u003c/a> than the record low recorded on Sept. 7, 1977 of 645 feet above sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KQED staff have visited the reservoir several times during the last 20 months. About 16 months ago, Lake Oroville was almost at 90 percent of capacity and the Department of Water Resources was freely releasing supplies. This year, \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2014/04/09/during-long-dry-summer-of-drought-nobody-wins/\" target=\"_blank\">managers cut deliveries\u003c/a> to virtually nothing, conserving as much of the reservoir supplies as possible.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the three photos below, taken in March 2013 and April and November of this year, you can see just how low the lake's water level has dwindled to:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>March 27, 2013\u003c/strong>: Water surface elevation 860 feet above sea level; reservoir at 83 percent of capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348505\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10348505 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013.jpg\" alt=\"orovillemarch2013\" width=\"1440\" height=\"853\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013-400x236.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillemarch2013-800x473.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>April 5, 2014\u003c/strong>: Water surface elevation 759 feet above sea level; reservoir at 50 percent of capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348504\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10348504\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014.jpg\" alt=\"(Dan Brekke/KQED)\" width=\"1440\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovilleapril2014-800x533.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Dan Brekke/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>November 8, 2014\u003c/strong>: Water surface elevation 652 feet above sea level; resevoir at 26 percent of capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348506\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1440px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10348506\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014.jpg\" alt=\"(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\" width=\"1440\" height=\"960\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/orovillenovember2014-800x533.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1440px) 100vw, 1440px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10348507\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10348507\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling-800x522.jpg\" alt=\"(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\" width=\"800\" height=\"522\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling-800x522.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling-400x261.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2014/11/rappeling.jpg 1440w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">(Lisa Pickoff-White/KQED)\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Currently the water levels are so low that people need to rappel down to their boats at Bidwell Marina. You can see the end of the normal dock above the parked cars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lake will continue to drop until it rains. \u003ca href=\"http://www.chicoer.com/ci_26725954/lake-oroville-inches-closer-record-low?source=rss_viewed\" target=\"_blank\">Officials worry\u003c/a> that if water levels fall to 604 feet they may be unable to produce power from the lake.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Through Photos, Oakland Youth Focus On Neighborhood Health (Video)",
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"headTitle": "Vital Signs | State of Health | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Fifteen students stand facing an imaginary line bisecting the room.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If someone in your family has diabetes, cross the line,” said Sidra Bonner, the UCSF medical student leading the session on community health. Twelve of the 15 students cross the line. “If you have been affected by gun violence, cross the line.” Every student shuffles across.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The game is called \"cross the line.\" The students playing have all returned to school here at Civicorps, an Oakland-based non-profit that helps high-risk young adults get a high school diploma and job training. The school is right next to the Port of Oakland. Outside, trains whistle and trucks rumble down the freeway.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://vimeo.com/109636449\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!--more-->\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonner and other medical students leading the class talk about how rates of disease vary by neighborhood. In parts of east and west Oakland, life expectancy is a full 10 years less than it is in the more affluent hills neighborhoods, according to the Alameda County Public Health Department. Rates of heart disease, diabetes, and asthma all shake out in a similar way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students nod along, unsurprised. “Every day you see somebody sick, or in need. It's normal to see that,’” said Hassinnie Bennett, one of the Civicorps students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one wants to just sit there and hear how violent and oppressed their community is, ” said Bonner. “How do you say, ‘This is the epidemiology,’ but also say, ‘You guys should feel empowered to do something about this?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical students then distributed cameras, and instructed the students to take pictures of whatever affects health in their neighborhoods -- the good and the bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours later, the students came back with photos of trash, abandoned buildings, and liquor stores -- often the only place around to buy food. But the students also took photos of parks, public transit, swimming pools, and murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It gives you a third eye,” said Bennett. “It opens up your eyes to things you wouldn’t normally notice -- more stuff that has light and beauty to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Civicorps students began seeing their neighborhoods in a new light, the medical students were gathering insight into the lives of their future patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonner and co-facilitator Faby Molina are already studying medicine in a program that trains doctors to work in medically-underserved communities. Working with the Civicorps students added something they can’t get in class -- “being able to really spend time and hear what their day-to-day lives are is so important as a future provider,” said Bonner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical students said the experience will make them more empathetic doctors, with a better understanding of their patients' lives and communities. \"Unless you have that basic understanding,\" Bonner says, \"you’re not going to be as effective in empowering your patients to take ownership of their health.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonner and other medical students leading the class talk about how rates of disease vary by neighborhood. In parts of east and west Oakland, life expectancy is a full 10 years less than it is in the more affluent hills neighborhoods, according to the Alameda County Public Health Department. Rates of heart disease, diabetes, and asthma all shake out in a similar way.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The students nod along, unsurprised. “Every day you see somebody sick, or in need. It's normal to see that,’” said Hassinnie Bennett, one of the Civicorps students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“No one wants to just sit there and hear how violent and oppressed their community is, ” said Bonner. “How do you say, ‘This is the epidemiology,’ but also say, ‘You guys should feel empowered to do something about this?’”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical students then distributed cameras, and instructed the students to take pictures of whatever affects health in their neighborhoods -- the good and the bad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hours later, the students came back with photos of trash, abandoned buildings, and liquor stores -- often the only place around to buy food. But the students also took photos of parks, public transit, swimming pools, and murals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It gives you a third eye,” said Bennett. “It opens up your eyes to things you wouldn’t normally notice -- more stuff that has light and beauty to it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Civicorps students began seeing their neighborhoods in a new light, the medical students were gathering insight into the lives of their future patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bonner and co-facilitator Faby Molina are already studying medicine in a program that trains doctors to work in medically-underserved communities. Working with the Civicorps students added something they can’t get in class -- “being able to really spend time and hear what their day-to-day lives are is so important as a future provider,” said Bonner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The medical students said the experience will make them more empathetic doctors, with a better understanding of their patients' lives and communities. \"Unless you have that basic understanding,\" Bonner says, \"you’re not going to be as effective in empowering your patients to take ownership of their health.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Commercial Crab Season Set to Get Cracking Saturday",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>By Marissa Ortega-Welch\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Past the tourist traps at Fisherman's Wharf, the real fishermen of San Francisco are at work hoisting stacks of crab pots onto boats that line the pier.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The commercial Dungeness crab season in California opens Saturday. Fishermen are still in negotiations with wholesalers about a price, but say they hope to settle on that by Friday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If they do, the Bay Area will have fresh crab by the weekend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I've seen some of the sport crab that the recreational guys caught,\" says Larry Collins, president of the San Francisco Crab Boat Owners Association. \"It's beautiful crab and we're excited.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This will be the second season for a \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2013/11/13/crab-season-kicks-off-with-new-limits-for-fishermen/\" target=\"_blank\">new regulation\u003c/a> that limits the number of crab pots each boat can have. The regulation was intended to reduce overcrowding in fishing areas, lengthen the season and reduce the amount of gear in the water in which other animals can get caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife says it's too soon to know whether the regulations are achieving their goals. But fishermen are happy with how well the changes worked in the first year, says Zeke Grader, executive director for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcffa.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen's Associations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's basically cut back on what was an arms race in the crab fishery,\" he says, \"everyone needing to have more and more traps just to compete.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grader says he used to see some crabbing boats with 1,000 to 2,000 crab pots taking up prime property in the ocean. Now the most that a boat can have is 500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says fishermen have been able to catch the same amount of crab with fewer pots. They just pull up and rebait their traps more often now. That means less money they have to invest in equipment and less chance of losing their gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon and Washington have had similar trap limits in place for years. Dan Ayres, coastal shellfish manager for Washington's Department of Fish and Wildlife, says the trap limits have had little effect on the amount of crab caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our fishermen have discovered it makes them more efficient because they don’t need to fish with as much gear,\" he says. “We’ve had some of our biggest years since pot limits were imposed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dungeness crab populations cycle through abundant and skimpy years. The population has been high in California for the past few years, leading some biologists to speculate that this year could be lower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, fishermen like Collins remain hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're always hoping for a good season,\" Collins says. \"We're optimistic because we're fishermen.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "But first, fishermen and wholesalers must agree on a price. Fishermen say they hope to do so by Friday.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This will be the second season for a \u003ca href=\"http://blogs.kqed.org/science/2013/11/13/crab-season-kicks-off-with-new-limits-for-fishermen/\" target=\"_blank\">new regulation\u003c/a> that limits the number of crab pots each boat can have. The regulation was intended to reduce overcrowding in fishing areas, lengthen the season and reduce the amount of gear in the water in which other animals can get caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A spokeswoman at the California Department of Fish and Wildlife says it's too soon to know whether the regulations are achieving their goals. But fishermen are happy with how well the changes worked in the first year, says Zeke Grader, executive director for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.pcffa.org/\" target=\"_blank\">Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen's Associations\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's basically cut back on what was an arms race in the crab fishery,\" he says, \"everyone needing to have more and more traps just to compete.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grader says he used to see some crabbing boats with 1,000 to 2,000 crab pots taking up prime property in the ocean. Now the most that a boat can have is 500.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he says fishermen have been able to catch the same amount of crab with fewer pots. They just pull up and rebait their traps more often now. That means less money they have to invest in equipment and less chance of losing their gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oregon and Washington have had similar trap limits in place for years. Dan Ayres, coastal shellfish manager for Washington's Department of Fish and Wildlife, says the trap limits have had little effect on the amount of crab caught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Our fishermen have discovered it makes them more efficient because they don’t need to fish with as much gear,\" he says. “We’ve had some of our biggest years since pot limits were imposed.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dungeness crab populations cycle through abundant and skimpy years. The population has been high in California for the past few years, leading some biologists to speculate that this year could be lower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, fishermen like Collins remain hopeful.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're always hoping for a good season,\" Collins says. \"We're optimistic because we're fishermen.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"masters-of-scale": {
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"onourwatch": {
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"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
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"possible": {
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"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
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