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"content": "\u003cp>Berkeley High parent Robin Claire Barnes says when it comes to talking about race in Berkeley, there’s one thing that is problematic: the myth of colorblindness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this desire for everyone to say that they are colorblind. You can’t look at a black child and white child and say, ‘I’m colorblind, so to me they’re equal,’ and then walk away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/246244679″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=’166′ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A white child might have a good friend who is black, or of other races and ethnicities, “but they don’t really understand how the world treats their friend because they grew up in Berkeley,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tackling Segregation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1968, the Berkeley Unified School District was one of the first school districts in the country to voluntarily desegregate. It was 14 years after \u003cem>Brown v. Board of Education\u003c/em>, the Supreme Court ruling that decreed segregation illegal in public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyschools.net/about-the-district/about/\">Berkeley Unified School District \u003c/a>takes pride in the diversity of Berkeley schools. However, school administrators, teachers, students and parents all acknowledge that the Berkeley High campus is segregated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Berkeley parent, who wanted to remain anonymous, says that when she attended the high school in the mid-’70s, the school was divided along racial lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a white teenager at Berkeley High, I really wanted to be friends with the black kids. I wanted to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claire Barnes, who is also a Berkeley High alum, remembers a racial climate that was a little bit different when she attended Berkeley High in the late ’70s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some kids hung out in one area, some kids hung out in another area. There were certain spots that were turfs, but people intermingled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claire Barnes, who sometimes volunteers at the school, says she doesn’t see that as much in the halls these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not seeing different races intermingling at the junior or senior level. That’s usually when it happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, the race issue \u003ca href=\"//ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/15/berkeley-high-students-get-real-about-race-on-campus%E2%80%9D\">came to a head\u003c/a> after racist threats were found on a library computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Wake-Up Call\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we learned was that, in some ways, we’re not any better than anyone else,” says Mark Coplan, spokesman for the Berkeley Unified School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve always thought and would like to believe that our community is different, but the fact is institutional racism and individual racism surfaces and has to be addressed,” Coplan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 9, 2015, the school dedicated an entire day to talking about racism and racial bias in all classes. But even by the next day, students like Sean Hoffman wanted more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffman, who spoke to KQED after an orchestra concert, says his teachers didn’t keep the conversation about racism and racial bias going on the day after Dec. 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was disappointed, I feel like it was something we should continue talking about and continue pressing as an issue,” says Hoffman, who is a sophomore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over two months later, students say these issues still aren’t being fully addressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10862349\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 263px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10862349\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/RS18395_IMG_4766-sfi-400x300.jpg\" alt='L to R: Paige Jones, Jordan Corbino and Zamaria Odom are seniors at Berkeley High. \"Its our job to come back and make a difference in the community,\" says Odom.' width=\"263\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/RS18395_IMG_4766-sfi-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/RS18395_IMG_4766-sfi.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 263px) 100vw, 263px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">L to R: Paige Jones, Jordan Corbino and Zamaria Odom are seniors at Berkeley High. ‘It’s our job to come back and make a difference in the community,’ says Odom. \u003ccite>(Adizah Eghan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We kind of stayed on it for a couple of days. We talked about it and then we watched movies about it. But it was blown out of proportion because a couple weeks later we [went] on to the next thing,” says Jordan Corbino one day recently after school. Corbino, who is a senior, sits next to his friend Zamaria Odom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the teachers did a pretty good job of focusing on the issue but after a week or so, the issue was dead, and it didn’t really get handled again. It didn’t really get talked about. It just went back to normal,” Odom says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends Sebastien Briddoneau and Elijah Liedeker also really want these conversations to continue in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People seemed to have already forgotten about it. Not everyone, but a lot of people, the majority of the Berkeley High population,” Liedeker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Aren’t These Conversations About Race Happening?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley High parent and PTA member Christine Staples says teachers are under a huge amount of pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Teachers don’t feel equipped to facilitate those kind of conversations. Those are big, far-reaching, long conversations,” she says. “They need help. They need training. I mean, should some random English teacher just start trying to facilitate this conversation?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the teachers who spoke to KQED agreed, but they didn’t want to go on the record for fear of being critical of the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is support for teachers who might not feel like they have the background, or they have the information themselves. It’s a touchy situation,” says a Berkeley High teacher who would like to remain anonymous. “I’m not sure it’s a class that’s taught. It’s a life experience, so it’s a little fake sometimes to try and teach something without experiencing it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are teachers at Berkeley High who are incredibly equipped to talk about race. But that number is small, Coplan says. The district’s goal is to get all teachers on a similar level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are individuals who have their own beliefs, their own feelings, and in some cases it’s as simple as they are uncomfortable with the subject because they don’t understand it,” Coplan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teacher and professional development coordinator Tamara Friedman says the high school wants to expand on a training session it did last fall on “culturally responsive teaching,” which embeds instruction around racism and anti-racism throughout a teacher’s content and curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Black Student Union Still Working on Its List of Demands\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Black Student Union (BSU) is continuing to push its \u003ca href=\"//afrikanblackcoalition.org/2015/12/21/after-threats-of-a-lynching-berkeley-highs-black-student-union-releases-demands/%E2%80%9D\">list of demands \u003c/a> before the Berkeley school board and Berkeley High administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a school board meeting on Jan. 13, BSU co-president Alecia Harger told the board that things have to move more quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The BSU wants to get these demands done soon, “so that the people who are freshman now don’t have to go through their entire four years as black students unsupported and feeling unloved and unwanted at Berkeley High,” Harger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Superintendent Donald Evans says this is a serious priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I faced what those kids were talking about when I was in high school and when I was in college. This is personal for me,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans and Pasarow are working together to implement \u003ca href=\"//www.berkeleyschools.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/V6FinalBUSDSupsResponse.pdf?5759fb&5759fb%E2%80%9D\">immediate to long-term \u003c/a>steps to address the demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel a lot of healthy pressure as a leader of this school to have this not be a one-off response. We need to have a sustained response,” Pasarow says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zamaria Odom says he’s not expecting much before he graduates this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honestly, I don’t think anything is going to change, even when we leave and the next class leaves, because people don’t like to be put out there to make a difference,” Odom says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, Odom believes change will also take former students like him coming back to school to hold the administration accountable.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Berkeley High parent Robin Claire Barnes says when it comes to talking about race in Berkeley, there’s one thing that is problematic: the myth of colorblindness.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s this desire for everyone to say that they are colorblind. You can’t look at a black child and white child and say, ‘I’m colorblind, so to me they’re equal,’ and then walk away.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='’166′'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/246244679″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/246244679″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A white child might have a good friend who is black, or of other races and ethnicities, “but they don’t really understand how the world treats their friend because they grew up in Berkeley,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tackling Segregation\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1968, the Berkeley Unified School District was one of the first school districts in the country to voluntarily desegregate. It was 14 years after \u003cem>Brown v. Board of Education\u003c/em>, the Supreme Court ruling that decreed segregation illegal in public schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, the \u003ca href=\"http://www.berkeleyschools.net/about-the-district/about/\">Berkeley Unified School District \u003c/a>takes pride in the diversity of Berkeley schools. However, school administrators, teachers, students and parents all acknowledge that the Berkeley High campus is segregated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Berkeley parent, who wanted to remain anonymous, says that when she attended the high school in the mid-’70s, the school was divided along racial lines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“As a white teenager at Berkeley High, I really wanted to be friends with the black kids. I wanted to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claire Barnes, who is also a Berkeley High alum, remembers a racial climate that was a little bit different when she attended Berkeley High in the late ’70s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some kids hung out in one area, some kids hung out in another area. There were certain spots that were turfs, but people intermingled.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Claire Barnes, who sometimes volunteers at the school, says she doesn’t see that as much in the halls these days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m not seeing different races intermingling at the junior or senior level. That’s usually when it happens.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November, the race issue \u003ca href=\"//ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/15/berkeley-high-students-get-real-about-race-on-campus%E2%80%9D\">came to a head\u003c/a> after racist threats were found on a library computer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Wake-Up Call\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we learned was that, in some ways, we’re not any better than anyone else,” says Mark Coplan, spokesman for the Berkeley Unified School District.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve always thought and would like to believe that our community is different, but the fact is institutional racism and individual racism surfaces and has to be addressed,” Coplan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Dec. 9, 2015, the school dedicated an entire day to talking about racism and racial bias in all classes. But even by the next day, students like Sean Hoffman wanted more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hoffman, who spoke to KQED after an orchestra concert, says his teachers didn’t keep the conversation about racism and racial bias going on the day after Dec. 9.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I was disappointed, I feel like it was something we should continue talking about and continue pressing as an issue,” says Hoffman, who is a sophomore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over two months later, students say these issues still aren’t being fully addressed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10862349\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 263px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10862349\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/RS18395_IMG_4766-sfi-400x300.jpg\" alt='L to R: Paige Jones, Jordan Corbino and Zamaria Odom are seniors at Berkeley High. \"Its our job to come back and make a difference in the community,\" says Odom.' width=\"263\" height=\"197\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/RS18395_IMG_4766-sfi-400x300.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/RS18395_IMG_4766-sfi.jpg 480w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 263px) 100vw, 263px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">L to R: Paige Jones, Jordan Corbino and Zamaria Odom are seniors at Berkeley High. ‘It’s our job to come back and make a difference in the community,’ says Odom. \u003ccite>(Adizah Eghan/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We kind of stayed on it for a couple of days. We talked about it and then we watched movies about it. But it was blown out of proportion because a couple weeks later we [went] on to the next thing,” says Jordan Corbino one day recently after school. Corbino, who is a senior, sits next to his friend Zamaria Odom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think the teachers did a pretty good job of focusing on the issue but after a week or so, the issue was dead, and it didn’t really get handled again. It didn’t really get talked about. It just went back to normal,” Odom says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Friends Sebastien Briddoneau and Elijah Liedeker also really want these conversations to continue in class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People seemed to have already forgotten about it. Not everyone, but a lot of people, the majority of the Berkeley High population,” Liedeker says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Why Aren’t These Conversations About Race Happening?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Berkeley High parent and PTA member Christine Staples says teachers are under a huge amount of pressure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Teachers don’t feel equipped to facilitate those kind of conversations. Those are big, far-reaching, long conversations,” she says. “They need help. They need training. I mean, should some random English teacher just start trying to facilitate this conversation?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some of the teachers who spoke to KQED agreed, but they didn’t want to go on the record for fear of being critical of the administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There is support for teachers who might not feel like they have the background, or they have the information themselves. It’s a touchy situation,” says a Berkeley High teacher who would like to remain anonymous. “I’m not sure it’s a class that’s taught. It’s a life experience, so it’s a little fake sometimes to try and teach something without experiencing it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are teachers at Berkeley High who are incredibly equipped to talk about race. But that number is small, Coplan says. The district’s goal is to get all teachers on a similar level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are individuals who have their own beliefs, their own feelings, and in some cases it’s as simple as they are uncomfortable with the subject because they don’t understand it,” Coplan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Teacher and professional development coordinator Tamara Friedman says the high school wants to expand on a training session it did last fall on “culturally responsive teaching,” which embeds instruction around racism and anti-racism throughout a teacher’s content and curriculum.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Black Student Union Still Working on Its List of Demands\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Black Student Union (BSU) is continuing to push its \u003ca href=\"//afrikanblackcoalition.org/2015/12/21/after-threats-of-a-lynching-berkeley-highs-black-student-union-releases-demands/%E2%80%9D\">list of demands \u003c/a> before the Berkeley school board and Berkeley High administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a school board meeting on Jan. 13, BSU co-president Alecia Harger told the board that things have to move more quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The BSU wants to get these demands done soon, “so that the people who are freshman now don’t have to go through their entire four years as black students unsupported and feeling unloved and unwanted at Berkeley High,” Harger says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Superintendent Donald Evans says this is a serious priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I faced what those kids were talking about when I was in high school and when I was in college. This is personal for me,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Evans and Pasarow are working together to implement \u003ca href=\"//www.berkeleyschools.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/V6FinalBUSDSupsResponse.pdf?5759fb&5759fb%E2%80%9D\">immediate to long-term \u003c/a>steps to address the demands.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I feel a lot of healthy pressure as a leader of this school to have this not be a one-off response. We need to have a sustained response,” Pasarow says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Zamaria Odom says he’s not expecting much before he graduates this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Honestly, I don’t think anything is going to change, even when we leave and the next class leaves, because people don’t like to be put out there to make a difference,” Odom says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>UC Berkeley is running a $150 million deficit this year and must undertake a top-to-bottom review of expenses if it hopes to sustain its national standing as a premier public institution, Chancellor Nicholas Dirks warned Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The university faces difficult decisions as it works to preserve its long-term financial footing, Dirks said. Consolidating academic departments, evaluating spending on athletics, shedding staff and admitting fewer doctoral students are some of the changes that will be considered, he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are fighting to maintain our excellence against those who might equate 'public' with mediocrity,\" Dirks wrote in a letter to the campus. \"What we are engaged in here is a fundamental defense of the concept of the public university, a concept that we must reinvent in order to preserve.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inadequate state funding and other factors had created \"a substantial and growing structural deficit\" at UC Berkeley, Dirks said. To address it, the chancellor said he was initiating a restructuring process aimed at cutting costs, increasing revenue and preserving the strongest programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dirks' letter warned that \"even as some of the investments we make will be greeted enthusiastically, we also know that some of the changes we will undergo will be painful.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A budget review prepared by Berkeley administrators blames the deficit on reduced state funding for instruction and construction, increased pension costs and five years without in-state tuition increases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a series of increases during the recession, tuition and fees for undergraduate students from California has remained $12,291 since the 2011-12 academic year. It is not expected to rise until 2017-18 under a deal UC President Janet Napolitano struck with Gov. Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response to a public outcry, Napolitano, who is a former U.S. secretary of Homeland Security and Arizona governor, also capped the percentage of higher-paying students from outside the state that Berkeley and UCLA could enroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dirks' letter did not include many details on how the scope of Berkeley's academic and extracurricular offerings might change. On the academic side, the chancellor said some programs would be beefed up, while others would be given a narrower focus or rearranged to \"ensure sufficient scale.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The campus will get input on the planning from faculty, staff, students and alumni, the chancellor said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with looking at how the university spends money, the review Dirks has ordered also will appraise opportunities for the campus to bring in more revenue through licensing, donor-supported athletic scholarships and online courses, his letter said.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>SAN FRANCISCO — The union that represents California State University faculty said Monday it is preparing for a five-day strike at the system's 23 campuses, by far the largest walkout since professors and instructors won collective bargaining rights in the early 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Faculty Association's board of directors voted Friday night to schedule a strike for April 13-15 and April 18-19, unless Cal State administrators before then increase the size of the pay raises the union's 26,000 members will receive this school year, CFA president Jennifer Eagan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/246237826\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The strike holds the potential to bring the campuses to a virtual standstill. The association represents counselors, librarians and coaches, as well as faculty members who would cancel classes and skip scheduled office hours to walk picket lines, Eagan said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The strike would be a historic strike,\" Eagan said. \"If it happens, it will impact the CSU for a very long time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"IgIJ4IlWVqOMy5ss7jd2BSGOwYJZwy7v\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allied labor organizations that represent custodians, bus drivers and other support staff have agreed not to cross the lines if a work stoppage is called, she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CSU chancellor's office did not have immediate comment on the union's plans. The administration previously has said the raises the union is seeking would cost $69 million that already has been pledged to increasing enrollment, hiring more faculty and initiatives to improve graduation rates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Union members are currently in the second year of a three-year contract that included across-the-board pay raises of 1.6 percent and 3 percent raises for some coaches and part-time instructors for the 2014-15 school year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under that contract, salaries for subsequent years have to be renegotiated and the two sides have been unable to reach an agreement since talks resumed in May. The faculty association is seeking a 5 percent salary increase for 2015-16. The university is offering raises of 2 percent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The labor dispute is currently in the hands of an independent fact-finding panel that is scheduled to release its findings next month. If a resolution still can't be reached, the faculty would be authorized to strike.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CSU campuses enroll about 460,000 students, making it the nation's largest public university system. Although the faculty union held a one-day work stoppage at two campuses in 2011, the system has not been subject to a full faculty strike since systemwide collective bargaining began in the early 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>Stanford announced today that it has selected Marc Tessier-Lavigne as the new university president. Tessier-Lavigne, who is currently the president of Rockefeller University in New York City, will start Sept. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school began its search process to replace outgoing president John Hennessy in September, after Hennessy announced during the summer that he would be stepping down at the end of the 2015-16 year. Hennessy has served as head of the university for 16 years. The 19-person search committee started its search in the fall with \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanforddaily.com/2015/10/30/students-attend-presidential-search-committee-town-hall/\" target=\"_blank\">a series of community town hall meetings\u003c/a> before eventually unanimously selecting Tessier-Lavigne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is a Canadian neuroscientist, who grew up in Europe while his father served in the Canadian armed forces with NATO. Before taking over as president of Rockefeller University in 2011, Tessier-Lavigne was a senior vice president at Genentech, where he worked in drug research. His research focuses on the causes of and treatment for degenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. In 2015, he co-founded biotech company Denali Therapeutics, based in South San Francisco. \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/features/2016/president-named/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the full Stanford press release for more on his history\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From his extensive experience as a faculty member and accomplished scientist, to leading 1,400 scientists at Genentech, to his most recent transformational accomplishments at Rockefeller University, his skills are both broad and deep,\" said Kathryn Moler in the press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moler is a professor of physics, chair of the \u003ca href=\"https://facultysenate.stanford.edu/\">Faculty Senate\u003c/a> and a member of the Presidential Search Committee. \"All of us on the committee were impressed at how thoughtfully he addressed the many issues and opportunities for Stanford that were raised in our extensive conversations,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tessier-Lavigne previously taught at UCSF and at Stanford in the 1990s and early 2000s, and returning to the West Coast will be a homecoming of sorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I look forward to rejoining the Stanford family next summer,\" he said in the statement. \"In coming months, I plan to listen and learn from faculty, students, staff, trustees and alumni, to understand more fully the many opportunities and challenges facing the university, and to hear their aspirations for this great institution.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Stanford announced today that it has selected Marc Tessier-Lavigne as the new university president. Tessier-Lavigne, who is currently the president of Rockefeller University in New York City, will start Sept. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school began its search process to replace outgoing president John Hennessy in September, after Hennessy announced during the summer that he would be stepping down at the end of the 2015-16 year. Hennessy has served as head of the university for 16 years. The 19-person search committee started its search in the fall with \u003ca href=\"http://www.stanforddaily.com/2015/10/30/students-attend-presidential-search-committee-town-hall/\" target=\"_blank\">a series of community town hall meetings\u003c/a> before eventually unanimously selecting Tessier-Lavigne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He is a Canadian neuroscientist, who grew up in Europe while his father served in the Canadian armed forces with NATO. Before taking over as president of Rockefeller University in 2011, Tessier-Lavigne was a senior vice president at Genentech, where he worked in drug research. His research focuses on the causes of and treatment for degenerative illnesses such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. In 2015, he co-founded biotech company Denali Therapeutics, based in South San Francisco. \u003ca href=\"http://news.stanford.edu/features/2016/president-named/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the full Stanford press release for more on his history\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"From his extensive experience as a faculty member and accomplished scientist, to leading 1,400 scientists at Genentech, to his most recent transformational accomplishments at Rockefeller University, his skills are both broad and deep,\" said Kathryn Moler in the press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Moler is a professor of physics, chair of the \u003ca href=\"https://facultysenate.stanford.edu/\">Faculty Senate\u003c/a> and a member of the Presidential Search Committee. \"All of us on the committee were impressed at how thoughtfully he addressed the many issues and opportunities for Stanford that were raised in our extensive conversations,\" she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tessier-Lavigne previously taught at UCSF and at Stanford in the 1990s and early 2000s, and returning to the West Coast will be a homecoming of sorts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I look forward to rejoining the Stanford family next summer,\" he said in the statement. \"In coming months, I plan to listen and learn from faculty, students, staff, trustees and alumni, to understand more fully the many opportunities and challenges facing the university, and to hear their aspirations for this great institution.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>In the small city of Clovis northeast of Fresno, high school students are protesting their district’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/27/will-boys-in-clovis-unified-be-allowed-to-grow-hair-past-their-earlobes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decision not to update\u003c/a> its controversial, decades-old dress code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The code \u003ca href=\"http://cusd.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Administrative-Regulation-2105.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">forbids boys\u003c/a> from wearing earrings or keeping their hair below their earlobes. A proposed update would have set the same standards around hair and jewelry for both boys and girls, and would have removed language saying skirts and dresses are for girls. Last Wednesday, Clovis Unified trustees voted 4-3 against updating the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous students at Buchanan High responded to that decision by defying gender norms with their outfits, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/education/article57827983.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Fresno Bee reports\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Buchanan High School senior Patrick Smart wore a dress for the first time last week. His classmate, Emma Sledd, wore a collared men’s shirt to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason we switched gender norms for the day was to make the statement that what we wear does not define us as students,” Sledd said. “Our district’s dress code should not favor or discriminate any gender. We believe everyone should be able to express themselves equally. A boy with long hair is no less of a hard worker than a girl with long hair.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Sledd, a senior, was joined by a few of her female classmates in wearing stereotypically boyish attire, and tweeted: “If we can dress like them, they can dress like us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//storify.com/kqednews/clovis-students-protest-dress-code/embed?border=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"750\" frameborder=\"no\" allowtransparency=\"true\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changes to the Clovis Unified dress code were proposed not long after Buchanan High student William Pleasant’s claims last summer that he’d been prevented from enrolling for his senior year because his hair extended past his earlobes and shirt collar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pleasant \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/opinion/letters-to-the-editor/article31136987.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote a letter to the Fresno Bee\u003c/a> about the dress code. His family got in touch with the ACLU, which argued to Clovis Unified officials that the dress code violates state laws against gender discrimination because it has different standards for boys and girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”bka813SQQ8sHcNCGQHEkVwkRIH5iIpLD”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/blog/stuck-gender-rut-clovis-school-refuses-bring-dress-code-line-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog post\u003c/a> responding to the district’s decision to leave the dress code in place, ACLU staff attorney Abre’ Conner writes that Clovis Unified has “defied reason and the law” in refusing to update the dress code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has also tangled with the ACLU because it \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/26/127740/aclu-forced-clovis-school-district-fix-sex-education\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">taught abstinence-only sex education\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/02/native-american-student-sues-for-right-to-wear-eagle-feather-to-graduation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">denied a Native American student’s request\u003c/a> to wear an eagle feather in his graduation cap.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In the small city of Clovis northeast of Fresno, high school students are protesting their district’s \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/27/will-boys-in-clovis-unified-be-allowed-to-grow-hair-past-their-earlobes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">decision not to update\u003c/a> its controversial, decades-old dress code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The code \u003ca href=\"http://cusd.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Administrative-Regulation-2105.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">forbids boys\u003c/a> from wearing earrings or keeping their hair below their earlobes. A proposed update would have set the same standards around hair and jewelry for both boys and girls, and would have removed language saying skirts and dresses are for girls. Last Wednesday, Clovis Unified trustees voted 4-3 against updating the policy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Numerous students at Buchanan High responded to that decision by defying gender norms with their outfits, \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/education/article57827983.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the Fresno Bee reports\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Buchanan High School senior Patrick Smart wore a dress for the first time last week. His classmate, Emma Sledd, wore a collared men’s shirt to school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The reason we switched gender norms for the day was to make the statement that what we wear does not define us as students,” Sledd said. “Our district’s dress code should not favor or discriminate any gender. We believe everyone should be able to express themselves equally. A boy with long hair is no less of a hard worker than a girl with long hair.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Sledd, a senior, was joined by a few of her female classmates in wearing stereotypically boyish attire, and tweeted: “If we can dress like them, they can dress like us.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"//storify.com/kqednews/clovis-students-protest-dress-code/embed?border=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"750\" frameborder=\"no\" allowtransparency=\"true\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Changes to the Clovis Unified dress code were proposed not long after Buchanan High student William Pleasant’s claims last summer that he’d been prevented from enrolling for his senior year because his hair extended past his earlobes and shirt collar.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pleasant \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/opinion/letters-to-the-editor/article31136987.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">wrote a letter to the Fresno Bee\u003c/a> about the dress code. His family got in touch with the ACLU, which argued to Clovis Unified officials that the dress code violates state laws against gender discrimination because it has different standards for boys and girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/blog/stuck-gender-rut-clovis-school-refuses-bring-dress-code-line-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog post\u003c/a> responding to the district’s decision to leave the dress code in place, ACLU staff attorney Abre’ Conner writes that Clovis Unified has “defied reason and the law” in refusing to update the dress code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The district has also tangled with the ACLU because it \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/26/127740/aclu-forced-clovis-school-district-fix-sex-education\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">taught abstinence-only sex education\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/02/native-american-student-sues-for-right-to-wear-eagle-feather-to-graduation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">denied a Native American student’s request\u003c/a> to wear an eagle feather in his graduation cap.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Schools Enjoy Funding Boost, But Long-Term Costs and Recession Worries Loom",
"title": "Schools Enjoy Funding Boost, But Long-Term Costs and Recession Worries Loom",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Vallejo High School teacher Lewis Brown starts his morning government class with a question of the day that takes advantage of newly assigned iPads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today is the one-year anniversary of the French magazine terrorist assassination,” Brown says. “What was the name of the magazine?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seniors type on their tablets. In seconds, 17-year-old SioFilisi Anitoni answers from the back row, “Mr. Brown, Charlie Hebdo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vallejo City Unified School District is using increased state funds to assign iPads to each of its roughly 1,000 high school students. The district, in a working-class community in Solano County, is also hoping to improve classroom learning by raising teacher salaries and spending more than $2.5 million on new computer and science labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848965\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10848965\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/LewisBrown-800x575.jpg\" alt=\"Vallejo High School teacher Lewis Brown.\" width=\"800\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/LewisBrown-800x575.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/LewisBrown-400x287.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/LewisBrown-768x552.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/LewisBrown-1440x1034.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/LewisBrown.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/LewisBrown-1180x848.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/LewisBrown-960x690.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vallejo High School teacher Lewis Brown. \u003ccite>(Robert Durell/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Up and down California, public schools are enjoying a rapid rise in state funding. With the state’s economic gains and a temporary tax increase approved by voters in 2012, Gov. Jerry Brown’s proposed \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/\">$71.6 billion education budget\u003c/a> for the next fiscal year is up more than 50 percent since 2011. Spending per student has increased more than $3,800 to a projected $14,550 this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools that handed out tens of thousands of pink slips in the depths of the recession are now scrambling to find qualified teachers, a problem driven in part by low recruitment and high turnover. Teachers are receiving raises and schools are offering signing bonuses. Counselors, librarians and other support staff are being added, along with new textbooks and technology equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848914\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10848914 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph-800x655.jpg\" alt=\"Gov. Brown’s proposed $71.6 billion education budget for the next fiscal year is up more than 50 percent since 2011. \" width=\"800\" height=\"655\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph-800x655.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph-400x328.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph-768x629.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph-1440x1180.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph-1180x967.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph-960x787.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Brown’s proposed $71.6 billion education budget for the next fiscal year is up more than 50 percent since 2011. \u003ccite>(CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The welcome lift has made up much of the hardship that schools suffered in the recession. But California still ranked 41st in the nation for per-pupil spending in 2013, the most recent year available. And looking ahead, educators see financial challenges that are significant enough that they hope to qualify a ballot measure this year to extend some temporary taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters approved temporary income and sales taxes under Proposition 30 in 2012 to generate about $8 billion per year for schools. They will phase out by the end of 2018. At the same time, a recent agreement to pay down more than $67 billion in unfunded debt for teacher pensions is expected to consume about 38 percent of the projected growth in the school budget through 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848970\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10848970\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ipadDesk-800x966.jpg\" alt=\"Kevin Navarro, a senior at Vallejo High School, uses an iPad in class.\" width=\"800\" height=\"966\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ipadDesk-800x966.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ipadDesk-400x483.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ipadDesk-768x928.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ipadDesk-1440x1739.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ipadDesk.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ipadDesk-1180x1425.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ipadDesk-960x1160.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kevin Navarro, a senior at Vallejo High School, uses an iPad in class. \u003ccite>( Robert Durell/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s if the economy stays healthy. If there is a recession, as Brown has warned, budget forecasters say schools could be forced once again to lay off teachers and cut costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are enjoying a couple of brief years of impressive recovery in school funding after many years of deep cuts, but these year-over-year gains are not sustainable over time,” said Jack O’Connell, former state superintendent for public instruction and now a partner at Capitol Advisors Group LLC, at government consulting and lobbying firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the potential cutoff of Prop. 30 tax revenues and huge growing costs of the retirement debt, schools will see most of their annual increases evaporate,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pension agreement reached by Brown and state lawmakers in 2014 is intended to eliminate the debt in 30 years. It raises pension contributions for teachers and for the state, but only slightly. Most of the obligation was given to school districts, where contributions will more than double from 8.25 percent of their payroll in 2013 to 19.1 percent in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848920\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10848920 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending-800x580.jpg\" alt=\"If there is a recession, as Gov. Brown has warned, budget forecasters say schools could be forced once again to lay off teachers and cut costs, especially if Prop. 30 taxes aren't extended in 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"580\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending-800x580.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending-400x290.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending-768x557.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending-1440x1045.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending-1180x856.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending-960x697.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">If there is a recession, as Gov. Brown has warned, budget forecasters say schools could be forced once again to lay off teachers and cut costs, especially if Prop. 30 taxes aren't extended in 2019. \u003ccite>(CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In other words, school districts will pay \u003ca href=\"http://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3305#Education\">$3.1 billion\u003c/a> more to the pension system in the 2019-20 fiscal year than they do today, while the minimum school budget guaranteed by Proposition 98 is projected to be about $8.3 billion higher in that same year, according to projections by the Legislative Analyst’s Office, the Legislature’s nonpartisan budget analyst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California slips back into recession, the legislative analyst warned that the pension obligations could grow faster than school budgets, likely forcing districts to cut elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some also worry that California’s pension plan relies on robust returns. It assumes an annual 7.5 percent investment return in a system that has earned 7.8 percent over 20 years. If the pension system only yields 7 percent, the plan could fall \u003ca href=\"http://www.calstrs.com/report/sustaining-retirement-security-future-generations-funding-california-state-teachers\">20 percent short of the goal\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.calstrs.com/report/sustaining-retirement-security-future-generations-funding-california-state-teachers\">to eliminate the debt by 2046\u003c/a>, according to the California State Teachers’ Retirement System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/21/Jerry-Brown-Delivers-State-of-State\" target=\"_blank\">2016 State of the State address\u003c/a>, Brown said “it is our moral obligation” to chip away at $220 billion in outstanding debt for teacher pensions as well as retiree health care and pension benefits for all state workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each year, the budget must allocate billions to slowly chip away at these obligations,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concern about funding comes as California is implementing a set of new policies to improve academic outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lagging performance of low-income, Latino and African-American students is stark. In the state’s most recent batch of standardized tests, less than one in four low-income or Latino children and less than one in five African-American children scored high enough to be considered proficient in math. About half of white students and more than two-thirds of Asian students measured as proficient on the same test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Brown, California has dramatically changed how it allocates money by giving every school a base grant, with additional funds for each student who is low income, an English learner or a foster child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan -- known as the \u003ca href=\"http://edsource.org/publications/local-control-funding-formula-guide\">Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF)\u003c/a> -- gives considerable discretion to districts about how they spend the money. They are also not required to report their spending choices to the state, raising concern among some lawmakers about whether the money will benefit the intended students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848988\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10848988 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GirlsHeadphones-800x495.jpg\" alt=\"Emily Colon, a first grader at Bixby Elementary School in Long Beach, navigates computer coding. LCFF funds are being used to create and support a robotics/computer coding program for students as young as Kindergarten.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GirlsHeadphones-800x495.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GirlsHeadphones-400x247.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GirlsHeadphones-768x475.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GirlsHeadphones-1440x890.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GirlsHeadphones.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GirlsHeadphones-1180x730.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GirlsHeadphones-960x594.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emily Colon, a first-grader at Bixby Elementary School in Long Beach, navigates computer coding. LCFF funds are being used to create and support a robotics/computer coding program for students as young as kindergarten. \u003ccite>(Nancy Pastor/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“How it will play out is the biggest question,” said Assemblywoman Shirley Weber (D-San Diego), a former school board member and chair of the Assembly Budget Committee. “Clearly, some money will go into staff development, but it is our hope that it’ll make its way into the classroom and make a difference for our children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lion’s share of increased funding has gone to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ed-data.org/state/CA%20thru%202013-14\">teacher and staff salaries and benefits\u003c/a>, which includes new hires and increased pay and benefits for existing staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally \u003ca href=\"http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d14/tables/dt14_211.60.asp?current=yes\">California ranks among the highest in teacher salaries\u003c/a>, and the California Department of Education reports that the average salary for teachers and some credentialed staff has grown 10.6 percent, from $66,995 in 2008 to $74,090 in 2014. In terms of keeping up with inflation, however, those salaries are just below their purchasing power in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questions have been raised about how much of the school budget should be allowed for raises. Weber voiced concern last year after state Superintendent of Public Instruction Tom Torlakson declared that money intended for low-income students, English learners and foster children could be used for across-the-board teacher raises. His decision “makes no connection to more equitable (academic) outcomes and use of those funds for salaries,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2015/jun/16/weber-torlakson-local-control-funding-formula/\">Weber wrote\u003c/a> in an editorial on behalf of the Legislative Black Caucus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School officials, including those from disadvantaged communities, say better pay is necessary in order to hire and retain qualified teachers in a state with a high cost of living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the recession, when Vallejo City Unified School District Superintendent Ramona Bishop said the district laid off and furloughed staff, starting credentialed teacher salaries were under $40,000. They are now at $46,475. The top of the scale has gone from $71,855 to $79,756.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bishop says she’s proud to be able to offer $2,000 signing bonuses for math and science teachers and to log three consecutive years of pay increases for teachers in a district where nearly 20 percent of students are English learners and more than 71 percent qualify for free or reduced-priced meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848993\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10848993\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/VallejoStudents-800x583.jpg\" alt=\"Students take a nutrition break at Vallejo High School on January 7, 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"583\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/VallejoStudents-800x583.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/VallejoStudents-400x291.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/VallejoStudents-768x560.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/VallejoStudents-1440x1049.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/VallejoStudents.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/VallejoStudents-1180x860.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/VallejoStudents-960x700.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students take a nutrition break at Vallejo High School on January 7, 2016. \u003ccite>(Robert Durell/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara Unified School District, a more affluent community that has received limited state increases, chose to use all of its additional funding to provide its 891 teachers a raise. Andrew Lucia, the assistant superintendent for human resources, said after going without salary increases for seven years, the school board approved a 3 percent salary increase in 2013, followed by an 8 percent boost in 2014. There were bonus checks and insurance benefits as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the recent budget increases, however, some school districts say they are still facing difficult financial choices. And in some districts, concern about a possible recession and other financial challenges ahead caused educators to use at least some of their recent increases on one-time expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown is warning that a downturn is inevitable. To drive home his point, he displayed a chart at his budget press conference in January projecting a $43 billion deficit if the state committed to new spending before a recession. If the state enters a recession, the Legislative Analyst’s Office projects school funding will fall by \u003ca href=\"http://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3305\">$4.6 billion in 2017 and not recover to current levels until 2019\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re being very conservative,” says Long Beach Unified School District Assistant Superintendent Jill Baker. “A lot of it is coming in with one-time funds so we’re thinking about things we couldn’t do before, but not for ongoing expenses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, she said the district is using increased funds to add a training center. The district is also spending $6 million to convert 14 year-round schools back to a traditional schedule to offset the district’s declining enrollment, the primary way schools get funding. The district has lost more than 15,000 students in the past decade. It’s now down to 77,400.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Class sizes haven’t been reduced dramatically. During the recession, Long Beach raised class sizes in kindergarten through third grade to 30-to-1 from 20-to-1. Baker says the ratio is down only to about 26-to-1. Instead, the district invested in updating curriculum, like a computer coding program for students as young as kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Sacramento suburb, Folsom Cordova Unified School District Superintendent Deborah Bettencourt said the district added licensed family therapists to help middle and high school students struggling with bullying or to cope with chaos at home. Bettencourt says she has no plans to resume daily classroom cleaning by janitors because it’s not as high a priority as improving technology or providing academic support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848996\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10848996 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CodingKid-800x486.jpg\" alt=\"Dylan Williams, a first grader at Bixby Elementary in Long Beach, navigates computer coding with mindstorm lego robotics in his school computer lab.\" width=\"800\" height=\"486\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CodingKid-800x486.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CodingKid-400x243.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CodingKid-768x467.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CodingKid-1440x875.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CodingKid.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CodingKid-1180x717.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CodingKid-960x584.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dylan Williams, a first-grader at Bixby Elementary in Long Beach, navigates computer coding with Lego Mindstorms robotics in his school computer lab. \u003ccite>(Nancy Pastor/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Unified School District, home to more than 10 percent of the state’s 6.2 million kindergarten through high school students, continues to face structural imbalances despite increased state funding. According to a November \u003ca href=\"http://laschoolreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/LAUSD_IFRP_FINAL_REPORT-110215.pdf\">independent financial report\u003c/a>, the mammoth district is facing declining student enrollment and a long-term deficit that could force the system into bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If voters don’t approve an extension of the temporary taxes on this year’s ballot, John Walsh, the district’s chief financial officer, said Los Angeles will see “a significant hit to the bottom line, no doubt about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Teachers Association, the California Federation of Teachers and the California State PTA -- as well as other public employee unions, hospitals and doctors -- are pushing an \u003ca href=\"https://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0065%20%28Temporary%20Taxes%29.pdf?\">initiative\u003c/a> to stop the scheduled expiration of temporary taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The groups will need to turn in at least 585,000 valid signatures by June 30 to qualify a version of the measure for the November ballot. The proposed measure would extend higher income taxes on individuals earning more than $250,000 a year through 2030. It would let a quarter-cent sales tax in Proposition 30 expire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The (economic) crisis going on in China and ripple effect worldwide suggest there is a degree of volatility in the economy we have to consider,” said Joshua Pechthalt, president of the California Federation of Teachers. “What we’re asking is people at the top end of the economic spectrum pay a little bit more. There hasn’t been an exodus of people living in Malibu and Beverly Hills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the tax extension and the economy, the legislative analyst says about $12 billion in annual funding is at stake for schools by 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the tax extension, Brown’s proposal for a $71.6 billion budget next year will still grow to about $77.5 billion in 2019. In addition to that annual budget, Proposition 98’s complex funding formula is designed to capture an added benefit for schools during an extended strong economy. So if the economy continues as it is, the state would owe another \u003ca href=\"http://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3305\">$6.3 million to schools by 2019\u003c/a> that could be paid over several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2015/150492.pdf\">If voters approve the tax extension\u003c/a>, the budget analyst estimates the school funding would grow between $2.5 billion and $5.5 billion, meaning state school funding would be between $80 billion and $83 billion in 2019. Without a tax extension and with a recession, the budget in 2019 is projected to be about $71 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opposition to the tax extension is still developing. Republicans and anti-tax groups have already voiced concern, saying Proposition 30 was intended to help during a fiscal emergency. Now that schools have enjoyed a recovery, they say, temporary taxes should be allowed to expire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Brown, a Democrat, has signaled he isn’t keen on extending taxes. “We ought to look at what’s the capacity of the state, and what’s the willingness of taxpayers to pay more,” Brown said at his January budget proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ppic.org/content/pubs/survey/S_1215MBS.pdf\">An opinion poll\u003c/a> by the Public Policy Institute of California in December found 54 percent of likely voters favor an extension of the taxes, but just 37 percent said they think it is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A ballot measure to extend taxes could benefit from the higher voter turnout in a presidential year. But it is always tough to pass a tax increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guadalupe Aragon, the mother of a fifth-grader at the underperforming 20\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Street Elementary School in Los Angeles, said she doesn’t think she’d vote for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is not bringing any more money,” she said. “To a person, the more money you have, the more money you’re going to spend. Are you spending it wisely? That’s the question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/\">\u003cem>CALmatters.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a nonprofit journalism venture dedicated to explaining state policies and politics. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Vallejo High School teacher Lewis Brown starts his morning government class with a question of the day that takes advantage of newly assigned iPads.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Today is the one-year anniversary of the French magazine terrorist assassination,” Brown says. “What was the name of the magazine?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seniors type on their tablets. In seconds, 17-year-old SioFilisi Anitoni answers from the back row, “Mr. Brown, Charlie Hebdo.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vallejo City Unified School District is using increased state funds to assign iPads to each of its roughly 1,000 high school students. The district, in a working-class community in Solano County, is also hoping to improve classroom learning by raising teacher salaries and spending more than $2.5 million on new computer and science labs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848965\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10848965\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/LewisBrown-800x575.jpg\" alt=\"Vallejo High School teacher Lewis Brown.\" width=\"800\" height=\"575\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/LewisBrown-800x575.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/LewisBrown-400x287.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/LewisBrown-768x552.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/LewisBrown-1440x1034.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/LewisBrown.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/LewisBrown-1180x848.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/LewisBrown-960x690.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vallejo High School teacher Lewis Brown. \u003ccite>(Robert Durell/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Up and down California, public schools are enjoying a rapid rise in state funding. With the state’s economic gains and a temporary tax increase approved by voters in 2012, Gov. Jerry Brown’s proposed \u003ca href=\"http://www.ebudget.ca.gov/\">$71.6 billion education budget\u003c/a> for the next fiscal year is up more than 50 percent since 2011. Spending per student has increased more than $3,800 to a projected $14,550 this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Schools that handed out tens of thousands of pink slips in the depths of the recession are now scrambling to find qualified teachers, a problem driven in part by low recruitment and high turnover. Teachers are receiving raises and schools are offering signing bonuses. Counselors, librarians and other support staff are being added, along with new textbooks and technology equipment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848914\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10848914 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph-800x655.jpg\" alt=\"Gov. Brown’s proposed $71.6 billion education budget for the next fiscal year is up more than 50 percent since 2011. \" width=\"800\" height=\"655\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph-800x655.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph-400x328.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph-768x629.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph-1440x1180.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph-1180x967.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/SchoolSpendingGraph-960x787.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gov. Brown’s proposed $71.6 billion education budget for the next fiscal year is up more than 50 percent since 2011. \u003ccite>(CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The welcome lift has made up much of the hardship that schools suffered in the recession. But California still ranked 41st in the nation for per-pupil spending in 2013, the most recent year available. And looking ahead, educators see financial challenges that are significant enough that they hope to qualify a ballot measure this year to extend some temporary taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Voters approved temporary income and sales taxes under Proposition 30 in 2012 to generate about $8 billion per year for schools. They will phase out by the end of 2018. At the same time, a recent agreement to pay down more than $67 billion in unfunded debt for teacher pensions is expected to consume about 38 percent of the projected growth in the school budget through 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848970\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10848970\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ipadDesk-800x966.jpg\" alt=\"Kevin Navarro, a senior at Vallejo High School, uses an iPad in class.\" width=\"800\" height=\"966\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ipadDesk-800x966.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ipadDesk-400x483.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ipadDesk-768x928.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ipadDesk-1440x1739.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ipadDesk.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ipadDesk-1180x1425.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ipadDesk-960x1160.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Kevin Navarro, a senior at Vallejo High School, uses an iPad in class. \u003ccite>( Robert Durell/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>That’s if the economy stays healthy. If there is a recession, as Brown has warned, budget forecasters say schools could be forced once again to lay off teachers and cut costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are enjoying a couple of brief years of impressive recovery in school funding after many years of deep cuts, but these year-over-year gains are not sustainable over time,” said Jack O’Connell, former state superintendent for public instruction and now a partner at Capitol Advisors Group LLC, at government consulting and lobbying firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If you look at the potential cutoff of Prop. 30 tax revenues and huge growing costs of the retirement debt, schools will see most of their annual increases evaporate,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The pension agreement reached by Brown and state lawmakers in 2014 is intended to eliminate the debt in 30 years. It raises pension contributions for teachers and for the state, but only slightly. Most of the obligation was given to school districts, where contributions will more than double from 8.25 percent of their payroll in 2013 to 19.1 percent in 2020.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848920\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10848920 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending-800x580.jpg\" alt=\"If there is a recession, as Gov. Brown has warned, budget forecasters say schools could be forced once again to lay off teachers and cut costs, especially if Prop. 30 taxes aren't extended in 2019.\" width=\"800\" height=\"580\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending-800x580.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending-400x290.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending-768x557.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending-1440x1045.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending-1180x856.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/EconomySpending-960x697.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">If there is a recession, as Gov. Brown has warned, budget forecasters say schools could be forced once again to lay off teachers and cut costs, especially if Prop. 30 taxes aren't extended in 2019. \u003ccite>(CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In other words, school districts will pay \u003ca href=\"http://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3305#Education\">$3.1 billion\u003c/a> more to the pension system in the 2019-20 fiscal year than they do today, while the minimum school budget guaranteed by Proposition 98 is projected to be about $8.3 billion higher in that same year, according to projections by the Legislative Analyst’s Office, the Legislature’s nonpartisan budget analyst.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If California slips back into recession, the legislative analyst warned that the pension obligations could grow faster than school budgets, likely forcing districts to cut elsewhere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some also worry that California’s pension plan relies on robust returns. It assumes an annual 7.5 percent investment return in a system that has earned 7.8 percent over 20 years. If the pension system only yields 7 percent, the plan could fall \u003ca href=\"http://www.calstrs.com/report/sustaining-retirement-security-future-generations-funding-california-state-teachers\">20 percent short of the goal\u003c/a> \u003ca href=\"http://www.calstrs.com/report/sustaining-retirement-security-future-generations-funding-california-state-teachers\">to eliminate the debt by 2046\u003c/a>, according to the California State Teachers’ Retirement System.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/21/Jerry-Brown-Delivers-State-of-State\" target=\"_blank\">2016 State of the State address\u003c/a>, Brown said “it is our moral obligation” to chip away at $220 billion in outstanding debt for teacher pensions as well as retiree health care and pension benefits for all state workers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Each year, the budget must allocate billions to slowly chip away at these obligations,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concern about funding comes as California is implementing a set of new policies to improve academic outcomes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lagging performance of low-income, Latino and African-American students is stark. In the state’s most recent batch of standardized tests, less than one in four low-income or Latino children and less than one in five African-American children scored high enough to be considered proficient in math. About half of white students and more than two-thirds of Asian students measured as proficient on the same test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Brown, California has dramatically changed how it allocates money by giving every school a base grant, with additional funds for each student who is low income, an English learner or a foster child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan -- known as the \u003ca href=\"http://edsource.org/publications/local-control-funding-formula-guide\">Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF)\u003c/a> -- gives considerable discretion to districts about how they spend the money. They are also not required to report their spending choices to the state, raising concern among some lawmakers about whether the money will benefit the intended students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848988\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10848988 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GirlsHeadphones-800x495.jpg\" alt=\"Emily Colon, a first grader at Bixby Elementary School in Long Beach, navigates computer coding. LCFF funds are being used to create and support a robotics/computer coding program for students as young as Kindergarten.\" width=\"800\" height=\"495\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GirlsHeadphones-800x495.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GirlsHeadphones-400x247.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GirlsHeadphones-768x475.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GirlsHeadphones-1440x890.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GirlsHeadphones.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GirlsHeadphones-1180x730.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/GirlsHeadphones-960x594.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Emily Colon, a first-grader at Bixby Elementary School in Long Beach, navigates computer coding. LCFF funds are being used to create and support a robotics/computer coding program for students as young as kindergarten. \u003ccite>(Nancy Pastor/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“How it will play out is the biggest question,” said Assemblywoman Shirley Weber (D-San Diego), a former school board member and chair of the Assembly Budget Committee. “Clearly, some money will go into staff development, but it is our hope that it’ll make its way into the classroom and make a difference for our children.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lion’s share of increased funding has gone to \u003ca href=\"http://www.ed-data.org/state/CA%20thru%202013-14\">teacher and staff salaries and benefits\u003c/a>, which includes new hires and increased pay and benefits for existing staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nationally \u003ca href=\"http://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d14/tables/dt14_211.60.asp?current=yes\">California ranks among the highest in teacher salaries\u003c/a>, and the California Department of Education reports that the average salary for teachers and some credentialed staff has grown 10.6 percent, from $66,995 in 2008 to $74,090 in 2014. In terms of keeping up with inflation, however, those salaries are just below their purchasing power in 2009.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Questions have been raised about how much of the school budget should be allowed for raises. Weber voiced concern last year after state Superintendent of Public Instruction Tom Torlakson declared that money intended for low-income students, English learners and foster children could be used for across-the-board teacher raises. His decision “makes no connection to more equitable (academic) outcomes and use of those funds for salaries,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/2015/jun/16/weber-torlakson-local-control-funding-formula/\">Weber wrote\u003c/a> in an editorial on behalf of the Legislative Black Caucus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School officials, including those from disadvantaged communities, say better pay is necessary in order to hire and retain qualified teachers in a state with a high cost of living.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the recession, when Vallejo City Unified School District Superintendent Ramona Bishop said the district laid off and furloughed staff, starting credentialed teacher salaries were under $40,000. They are now at $46,475. The top of the scale has gone from $71,855 to $79,756.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bishop says she’s proud to be able to offer $2,000 signing bonuses for math and science teachers and to log three consecutive years of pay increases for teachers in a district where nearly 20 percent of students are English learners and more than 71 percent qualify for free or reduced-priced meals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848993\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10848993\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/VallejoStudents-800x583.jpg\" alt=\"Students take a nutrition break at Vallejo High School on January 7, 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"583\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/VallejoStudents-800x583.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/VallejoStudents-400x291.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/VallejoStudents-768x560.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/VallejoStudents-1440x1049.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/VallejoStudents.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/VallejoStudents-1180x860.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/VallejoStudents-960x700.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Students take a nutrition break at Vallejo High School on January 7, 2016. \u003ccite>(Robert Durell/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Santa Clara Unified School District, a more affluent community that has received limited state increases, chose to use all of its additional funding to provide its 891 teachers a raise. Andrew Lucia, the assistant superintendent for human resources, said after going without salary increases for seven years, the school board approved a 3 percent salary increase in 2013, followed by an 8 percent boost in 2014. There were bonus checks and insurance benefits as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even with the recent budget increases, however, some school districts say they are still facing difficult financial choices. And in some districts, concern about a possible recession and other financial challenges ahead caused educators to use at least some of their recent increases on one-time expenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown is warning that a downturn is inevitable. To drive home his point, he displayed a chart at his budget press conference in January projecting a $43 billion deficit if the state committed to new spending before a recession. If the state enters a recession, the Legislative Analyst’s Office projects school funding will fall by \u003ca href=\"http://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3305\">$4.6 billion in 2017 and not recover to current levels until 2019\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’re being very conservative,” says Long Beach Unified School District Assistant Superintendent Jill Baker. “A lot of it is coming in with one-time funds so we’re thinking about things we couldn’t do before, but not for ongoing expenses.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, she said the district is using increased funds to add a training center. The district is also spending $6 million to convert 14 year-round schools back to a traditional schedule to offset the district’s declining enrollment, the primary way schools get funding. The district has lost more than 15,000 students in the past decade. It’s now down to 77,400.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Class sizes haven’t been reduced dramatically. During the recession, Long Beach raised class sizes in kindergarten through third grade to 30-to-1 from 20-to-1. Baker says the ratio is down only to about 26-to-1. Instead, the district invested in updating curriculum, like a computer coding program for students as young as kindergarten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a Sacramento suburb, Folsom Cordova Unified School District Superintendent Deborah Bettencourt said the district added licensed family therapists to help middle and high school students struggling with bullying or to cope with chaos at home. Bettencourt says she has no plans to resume daily classroom cleaning by janitors because it’s not as high a priority as improving technology or providing academic support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10848996\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10848996 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CodingKid-800x486.jpg\" alt=\"Dylan Williams, a first grader at Bixby Elementary in Long Beach, navigates computer coding with mindstorm lego robotics in his school computer lab.\" width=\"800\" height=\"486\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CodingKid-800x486.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CodingKid-400x243.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CodingKid-768x467.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CodingKid-1440x875.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CodingKid.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CodingKid-1180x717.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/CodingKid-960x584.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dylan Williams, a first-grader at Bixby Elementary in Long Beach, navigates computer coding with Lego Mindstorms robotics in his school computer lab. \u003ccite>(Nancy Pastor/CALmatters)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Unified School District, home to more than 10 percent of the state’s 6.2 million kindergarten through high school students, continues to face structural imbalances despite increased state funding. According to a November \u003ca href=\"http://laschoolreport.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/LAUSD_IFRP_FINAL_REPORT-110215.pdf\">independent financial report\u003c/a>, the mammoth district is facing declining student enrollment and a long-term deficit that could force the system into bankruptcy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If voters don’t approve an extension of the temporary taxes on this year’s ballot, John Walsh, the district’s chief financial officer, said Los Angeles will see “a significant hit to the bottom line, no doubt about it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California Teachers Association, the California Federation of Teachers and the California State PTA -- as well as other public employee unions, hospitals and doctors -- are pushing an \u003ca href=\"https://www.oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0065%20%28Temporary%20Taxes%29.pdf?\">initiative\u003c/a> to stop the scheduled expiration of temporary taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The groups will need to turn in at least 585,000 valid signatures by June 30 to qualify a version of the measure for the November ballot. The proposed measure would extend higher income taxes on individuals earning more than $250,000 a year through 2030. It would let a quarter-cent sales tax in Proposition 30 expire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The (economic) crisis going on in China and ripple effect worldwide suggest there is a degree of volatility in the economy we have to consider,” said Joshua Pechthalt, president of the California Federation of Teachers. “What we’re asking is people at the top end of the economic spectrum pay a little bit more. There hasn’t been an exodus of people living in Malibu and Beverly Hills.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Between the tax extension and the economy, the legislative analyst says about $12 billion in annual funding is at stake for schools by 2019.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Without the tax extension, Brown’s proposal for a $71.6 billion budget next year will still grow to about $77.5 billion in 2019. In addition to that annual budget, Proposition 98’s complex funding formula is designed to capture an added benefit for schools during an extended strong economy. So if the economy continues as it is, the state would owe another \u003ca href=\"http://lao.ca.gov/Publications/Report/3305\">$6.3 million to schools by 2019\u003c/a> that could be paid over several years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.lao.ca.gov/ballot/2015/150492.pdf\">If voters approve the tax extension\u003c/a>, the budget analyst estimates the school funding would grow between $2.5 billion and $5.5 billion, meaning state school funding would be between $80 billion and $83 billion in 2019. Without a tax extension and with a recession, the budget in 2019 is projected to be about $71 billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Opposition to the tax extension is still developing. Republicans and anti-tax groups have already voiced concern, saying Proposition 30 was intended to help during a fiscal emergency. Now that schools have enjoyed a recovery, they say, temporary taxes should be allowed to expire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Brown, a Democrat, has signaled he isn’t keen on extending taxes. “We ought to look at what’s the capacity of the state, and what’s the willingness of taxpayers to pay more,” Brown said at his January budget proposal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ppic.org/content/pubs/survey/S_1215MBS.pdf\">An opinion poll\u003c/a> by the Public Policy Institute of California in December found 54 percent of likely voters favor an extension of the taxes, but just 37 percent said they think it is important.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A ballot measure to extend taxes could benefit from the higher voter turnout in a presidential year. But it is always tough to pass a tax increase.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guadalupe Aragon, the mother of a fifth-grader at the underperforming 20\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> Street Elementary School in Los Angeles, said she doesn’t think she’d vote for it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The problem is not bringing any more money,” she said. “To a person, the more money you have, the more money you’re going to spend. Are you spending it wisely? That’s the question.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://calmatters.org/\">\u003cem>CALmatters.org\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a nonprofit journalism venture dedicated to explaining state policies and politics. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2:00 p.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nClovis Unified trustees have voted 4-3 against recommendations to change the school district’s longstanding dress code. The proposed change would have allowed boys to wear long hair and earrings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/blog/stuck-gender-rut-clovis-school-refuses-bring-dress-code-line-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog post\u003c/a> responding to the vote, ACLU staff attorney Abre’ Conner writes that Clovis Unified has “defied reason and the law” in refusing to update the dress code:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\nClovis Unified School District outdid itself once again. The district had the opportunity to change its painfully outdated dress code, but the district defied reason—and the law—this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 4-3 vote, the school board voted to keep its policies discriminatory on the basis of gender expression. With this vote, the school district continues to deny students an education through its unlawful dress code. Clovis Unified will keep suspending boys for wearing earrings or letting their hair cover their earlobes. This violates California law.\n\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post: \u003c/strong>William Pleasant is a senior at Buchanan High School in Clovis, a small city northeast of Fresno. He says he almost wasn’t allowed to enroll for his senior year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because my hair was out of dress code,” says Pleasant. “They weren’t going to register me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/244122159″ params=”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false” width=”100%” height=”166″ iframe=”true” /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pleasant’s curly hair reaches past his earlobes and his shirt collar. For boys, that’s \u003ca href=\"http://cusd.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Administrative-Regulation-2105.pdf\">against the current Clovis Unified dress code.\u003c/a> He says he got detention and on-campus suspension as his hair was growing out his junior year. Then he was told he couldn’t register for his senior year unless he cut his hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have an image of how men should look, and since I wasn’t following that I was being denied my education because of the way I chose to present myself,” says Pleasant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”onQJd86kq6GEyw9KIA9dAs26CHZstY1b”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pleasant wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/opinion/letters-to-the-editor/article31136987.html\">letter to the Fresno Bee\u003c/a> about the dress code. His family got in touch with the ACLU, which argued to Clovis Unified officials that the dress code violates state laws against gender discrimination because it has different standards for boys and girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ACLU attorneys also \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/blog/longhairdontcare-unless-you-live-clovis\">argued that racism\u003c/a> was at play. Because Pleasant is African-American, they told district officials he shouldn’t be denied a “cultural exemption” in how he wears his hair. Clovis does make exceptions for some religious and cultural groups, like Sikhs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School officials eventually agreed Pleasant could keep his long hair and enroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday night, the district will vote on whether to update the dress code for everyone, to set the same standards around hair and jewelry for both boys and girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the current Clovis dress code, “earrings are not appropriate or acceptable for males as school attire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[scribd id=296866994 key=key-67gvblnHPfZi9igjnTgY mode=scroll]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have had a dress code in Clovis Unified since 1975 in respect to creating and setting a very high standard for students,” says district spokeswoman Kelly Avants. “It has been an integral part of the culture of our district, the culture of high expectations and accountability that we see translate to student success.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Avants says the school board is considering a proposal that would eliminate the hair-length requirement but would still require neat grooming. “We feel that standard can very much be in place, as we see in our schools today without having that gender differentiation between male and female,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dress code is just the latest flashpoint for the conservative school district. Clovis Unified is well known for its high test scores, but it has also tangled with the ACLU because it \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/26/127740/aclu-forced-clovis-school-district-fix-sex-education\">taught abstinence-only sex education\u003c/a>, and denied a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/02/native-american-student-sues-for-right-to-wear-eagle-feather-to-graduation\">Native American student’s request to wear an eagle feather\u003c/a> in his graduation cap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10846842\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10846842\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Titman-800x468.jpg\" alt=\"Christian Titman, a Native American former student at Clovis High School, sued for the right to wear an eagle feather to his graduation last summer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Titman-800x468.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Titman-400x234.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Titman-768x449.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Titman-1440x842.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Titman.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Titman-1180x690.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Titman-960x562.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christian Titman, a Native American former student at Clovis High School, sued for the right to wear an eagle feather to his graduation last summer. \u003ccite>(ACLU Northern California)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We are happy that Clovis Unified School District is looking to bring their dress code up to date with the law,” says Abre’ Conner, staff attorney for the ACLU of Northern California’s Fresno office. “Gender expression is a protected category, and their proposed changes seem to reflect the new standards of the California education code. Without those changes, their dress code will be in direct violation of the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some parents are livid about the proposed changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To allow our boys to have long hair and earrings in the name of gender equality, you know, what else does that open us up to?” says parent Kent Lubratich. He graduated from Clovis Unified in 1983, and has sent his three kids to Clovis schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Any of my employees show up in pajamas, long hair, ungroomed, earrings, that will distract from their duties.’\u003ccite>Clovis parent Kent Lubratich\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Clovis is a way of life,” says Lubratich. “People know a Clovis Unified child. They see it. When you have a kid applying for a job, you can tell what school district they go to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lubratich says the dress code is part of what makes Clovis such an academically successful district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You dress for success, you get educated for success. Me being an employer, any of my employees show up in pajamas, long hair, ungroomed, earrings, that will distract from their duties,” says Lubratich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William Pleasant, the long-haired high school senior we heard from earlier, argues that growing industries like tech don’t mind if their employees have a ponytail or earrings. They’d rather they come to the job with a diploma, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the dress code the board will consider Wednesday would eliminate language around boys’ hair length and gender-specific references to dresses and skirts, it does still include provisions regarding hairstyles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That it’s neatly groomed, that it doesn’t provide a distraction, that it isn’t wildly or unnaturally shaped, that it isn’t allowing kids to be more focused on the purple hair mohawk than what the teachers want to say,” says district spokeswoman Avants.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 2:00 p.m. Thursday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nClovis Unified trustees have voted 4-3 against recommendations to change the school district’s longstanding dress code. The proposed change would have allowed boys to wear long hair and earrings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/blog/stuck-gender-rut-clovis-school-refuses-bring-dress-code-line-law\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">blog post\u003c/a> responding to the vote, ACLU staff attorney Abre’ Conner writes that Clovis Unified has “defied reason and the law” in refusing to update the dress code:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\nClovis Unified School District outdid itself once again. The district had the opportunity to change its painfully outdated dress code, but the district defied reason—and the law—this week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a 4-3 vote, the school board voted to keep its policies discriminatory on the basis of gender expression. With this vote, the school district continues to deny students an education through its unlawful dress code. Clovis Unified will keep suspending boys for wearing earrings or letting their hair cover their earlobes. This violates California law.\n\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post: \u003c/strong>William Pleasant is a senior at Buchanan High School in Clovis, a small city northeast of Fresno. He says he almost wasn’t allowed to enroll for his senior year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Because my hair was out of dress code,” says Pleasant. “They weren’t going to register me.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/244122159″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/244122159″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pleasant’s curly hair reaches past his earlobes and his shirt collar. For boys, that’s \u003ca href=\"http://cusd.wpengine.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/Administrative-Regulation-2105.pdf\">against the current Clovis Unified dress code.\u003c/a> He says he got detention and on-campus suspension as his hair was growing out his junior year. Then he was told he couldn’t register for his senior year unless he cut his hair.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They have an image of how men should look, and since I wasn’t following that I was being denied my education because of the way I chose to present myself,” says Pleasant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pleasant wrote a \u003ca href=\"http://www.fresnobee.com/opinion/letters-to-the-editor/article31136987.html\">letter to the Fresno Bee\u003c/a> about the dress code. His family got in touch with the ACLU, which argued to Clovis Unified officials that the dress code violates state laws against gender discrimination because it has different standards for boys and girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ACLU attorneys also \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclunc.org/blog/longhairdontcare-unless-you-live-clovis\">argued that racism\u003c/a> was at play. Because Pleasant is African-American, they told district officials he shouldn’t be denied a “cultural exemption” in how he wears his hair. Clovis does make exceptions for some religious and cultural groups, like Sikhs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>School officials eventually agreed Pleasant could keep his long hair and enroll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wednesday night, the district will vote on whether to update the dress code for everyone, to set the same standards around hair and jewelry for both boys and girls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the current Clovis dress code, “earrings are not appropriate or acceptable for males as school attire.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003ciframe\n class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\"\n src=\"//www.scribd.com/embeds/296866994/content?start_page=1&view_mode=&access_key=key-67gvblnHPfZi9igjnTgY\"\n title=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/296866994\"\n data-auto-height=\"true\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"scribd_296866994\"\n width=\"100%\" height=\"500\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\n \u003ca class=\"utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__scribdShortcode__scribd_footer\"\n href=\"http://www.scribd.com/doc/296866994\"\n target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">View this document on Scribd\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have had a dress code in Clovis Unified since 1975 in respect to creating and setting a very high standard for students,” says district spokeswoman Kelly Avants. “It has been an integral part of the culture of our district, the culture of high expectations and accountability that we see translate to student success.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Avants says the school board is considering a proposal that would eliminate the hair-length requirement but would still require neat grooming. “We feel that standard can very much be in place, as we see in our schools today without having that gender differentiation between male and female,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The dress code is just the latest flashpoint for the conservative school district. Clovis Unified is well known for its high test scores, but it has also tangled with the ACLU because it \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/26/127740/aclu-forced-clovis-school-district-fix-sex-education\">taught abstinence-only sex education\u003c/a>, and denied a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/06/02/native-american-student-sues-for-right-to-wear-eagle-feather-to-graduation\">Native American student’s request to wear an eagle feather\u003c/a> in his graduation cap.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10846842\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-10846842\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Titman-800x468.jpg\" alt=\"Christian Titman, a Native American former student at Clovis High School, sued for the right to wear an eagle feather to his graduation last summer.\" width=\"800\" height=\"468\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Titman-800x468.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Titman-400x234.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Titman-768x449.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Titman-1440x842.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Titman.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Titman-1180x690.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/Titman-960x562.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Christian Titman, a Native American former student at Clovis High School, sued for the right to wear an eagle feather to his graduation last summer. \u003ccite>(ACLU Northern California)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We are happy that Clovis Unified School District is looking to bring their dress code up to date with the law,” says Abre’ Conner, staff attorney for the ACLU of Northern California’s Fresno office. “Gender expression is a protected category, and their proposed changes seem to reflect the new standards of the California education code. Without those changes, their dress code will be in direct violation of the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But some parents are livid about the proposed changes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“To allow our boys to have long hair and earrings in the name of gender equality, you know, what else does that open us up to?” says parent Kent Lubratich. He graduated from Clovis Unified in 1983, and has sent his three kids to Clovis schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">‘Any of my employees show up in pajamas, long hair, ungroomed, earrings, that will distract from their duties.’\u003ccite>Clovis parent Kent Lubratich\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Clovis is a way of life,” says Lubratich. “People know a Clovis Unified child. They see it. When you have a kid applying for a job, you can tell what school district they go to.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lubratich says the dress code is part of what makes Clovis such an academically successful district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You dress for success, you get educated for success. Me being an employer, any of my employees show up in pajamas, long hair, ungroomed, earrings, that will distract from their duties,” says Lubratich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>William Pleasant, the long-haired high school senior we heard from earlier, argues that growing industries like tech don’t mind if their employees have a ponytail or earrings. They’d rather they come to the job with a diploma, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While the dress code the board will consider Wednesday would eliminate language around boys’ hair length and gender-specific references to dresses and skirts, it does still include provisions regarding hairstyles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That it’s neatly groomed, that it doesn’t provide a distraction, that it isn’t wildly or unnaturally shaped, that it isn’t allowing kids to be more focused on the purple hair mohawk than what the teachers want to say,” says district spokeswoman Avants.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Oakland Student Choked by Security Officers Sues School District",
"title": "Oakland Student Choked by Security Officers Sues School District",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 6:15 p.m. Friday:\u003c/strong> A student who was choked and dragged by campus security officers at East Oakland's Fremont High in 2014 is filing a federal civil rights lawsuit against the school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"x_MsoNormal\">The lawsuit (\u003ca href=\"#rodriguezlawsuit\">embedded below)\u003c/a> comes on the two-year anniversary of an altercation between two school security officers and Jonathan Rodriguez, then 15. Video of the incident, captured by school cameras, was not released until a year later by the newly appointed chief of Oakland School Police Department, Jeff Godown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"x_MsoNormal\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/IHnJFTyRZ8g\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"x_MsoNormal\">\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\">The lawsuit names the Oakland Unified School District, the district's Police Department, Fremont High School administrators and the two department security guards involved in the incident, Noil Angelo and Carlton Johnson. Both guards resigned after the video was made public, and their actions were condemned by both Godown and Oakland schools superintendent Antwan Wilson.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"x_MsoNormal\">In the suit, Rodriguez, a Latino special-education student, says he had his civil rights violated and that failure to release the video immediately amounted to a cover-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"x_MsoNormal\">Lawyer Ronald Cruz, with the activist group By Any Means Necessary, represents Rodriguez, who is now 17. Cruz has represented several students who have accused the Oakland School Police Department of excessive force, including another videotaped incident involving Francisco Martinez, a student who uses a wheelchair. The officer in that case, Marchell Mitchell, was convicted of assault. The school district settled a civil suit by Mitchell for an unspecified amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"x_MsoNormal\">Cruz and the family say they are considering seeking criminal charges in the case as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"rodriguezlawsuit\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/296557731/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-feSa4DDxWqhBnknL5Ek1&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7729220222793488\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_36896\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post, March 25, 2015:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parents of a high school student in Oakland are considering suing the school district over a videotaped incident in which their son was manhandled by school security officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jonathan Rodriguez was 15 and a freshman at Fremont High School when the episode took place in January 2014. Security camera footage shows him standing in the doorway of the school's office for about three minutes as people come and go. Then two security officers approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a brief conversation, one shoves Rodriguez from behind and the other puts him in a chokehold. The video then shows the men -- security officers Noil Angelo and Carlton Johnson -- struggling to drag Rodriguez across the office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/197663919&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Oakland Unified School District police summary of the incident deemed it an appropriate use of force. The district made the video public earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodriguez’s mother approached Principal Emiliano Sanchez about the incident just days after it happened, according to family attorney Ronald Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The principal sat down with the video with the mother, and told her that her son was in the wrong,” said Cruz, who says he may file a lawsuit against the district. “She was humiliated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez declined comment for this story. School district spokesman Troy Flint says Superintendent Antwan Wilson has spoken to Sanchez about the incident, but so far has taken no action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two security guards, Noil Angelo and Carlton Johnson, are on paid leave, pending the results of an inquiry being conducted by a private investigator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angelo has worked at Fremont High for many years and, according to several sources, is a well-respected figure on the campus, having served as the school’s baseball coach for several years. Neither he nor Johnson could be reached for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school district has its own police force, overseen by Chief Jeff Godown, a veteran of the Los Angeles Police Department, the SFPD and the UCSF police force, who started in Oakland a little more than three months ago. The force is made up of about 84 school security officers, like those involved in this incident, and about 15 sworn police officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Godown said he pulled the file in the Rodriguez case a few weeks ago, when Cruz requested it. He immediately knew something wasn’t right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s troubling for me,” said Godown. “I didn’t see a reason [for the use of force.] I didn’t see a reason for him to be pushed in the back. I didn’t see a reason for him to be immediately turned around and choked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Godown said multiple officers signed off on the use of force in this incident. Everyone from officers to school administrators will be investigated to see who knew about the video and when, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District spokesman Flint notes the school district police force is also reviewing five years' worth of complaints against school security officers to see if there are systemic flaws in the way officers treat students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Cruz represents two other Oakland students who have accused school security officers of abuse in Oakland. One videotaped incident last May involved Francisco Martinez, 17, a wheelchair-bound student. The officer in that case, Marchell Ernest Mitchell, was charged with felony corporal injury in a case reportedly set for trial next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not about one stray officer. It’s a policy that goes all the way to the administration,” said Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 6:15 p.m. Friday:\u003c/strong> A student who was choked and dragged by campus security officers at East Oakland's Fremont High in 2014 is filing a federal civil rights lawsuit against the school district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"x_MsoNormal\">The lawsuit (\u003ca href=\"#rodriguezlawsuit\">embedded below)\u003c/a> comes on the two-year anniversary of an altercation between two school security officers and Jonathan Rodriguez, then 15. Video of the incident, captured by school cameras, was not released until a year later by the newly appointed chief of Oakland School Police Department, Jeff Godown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"x_MsoNormal\">\n\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"640\" height=\"480\" src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/IHnJFTyRZ8g\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\n\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"x_MsoNormal\">\u003cspan lang=\"EN-GB\">The lawsuit names the Oakland Unified School District, the district's Police Department, Fremont High School administrators and the two department security guards involved in the incident, Noil Angelo and Carlton Johnson. Both guards resigned after the video was made public, and their actions were condemned by both Godown and Oakland schools superintendent Antwan Wilson.\u003c/span>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"x_MsoNormal\">In the suit, Rodriguez, a Latino special-education student, says he had his civil rights violated and that failure to release the video immediately amounted to a cover-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"x_MsoNormal\">Lawyer Ronald Cruz, with the activist group By Any Means Necessary, represents Rodriguez, who is now 17. Cruz has represented several students who have accused the Oakland School Police Department of excessive force, including another videotaped incident involving Francisco Martinez, a student who uses a wheelchair. The officer in that case, Marchell Mitchell, was convicted of assault. The school district settled a civil suit by Mitchell for an unspecified amount.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp class=\"x_MsoNormal\">Cruz and the family say they are considering seeking criminal charges in the case as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca id=\"rodriguezlawsuit\">\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe class=\"scribd_iframe_embed\" src=\"https://www.scribd.com/embeds/296557731/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-feSa4DDxWqhBnknL5Ek1&show_recommendations=true\" data-auto-height=\"false\" data-aspect-ratio=\"0.7729220222793488\" scrolling=\"no\" id=\"doc_36896\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post, March 25, 2015:\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The parents of a high school student in Oakland are considering suing the school district over a videotaped incident in which their son was manhandled by school security officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jonathan Rodriguez was 15 and a freshman at Fremont High School when the episode took place in January 2014. Security camera footage shows him standing in the doorway of the school's office for about three minutes as people come and go. Then two security officers approach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a brief conversation, one shoves Rodriguez from behind and the other puts him in a chokehold. The video then shows the men -- security officers Noil Angelo and Carlton Johnson -- struggling to drag Rodriguez across the office.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" scrolling=\"no\" frameborder=\"no\" src=\"https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/197663919&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An Oakland Unified School District police summary of the incident deemed it an appropriate use of force. The district made the video public earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rodriguez’s mother approached Principal Emiliano Sanchez about the incident just days after it happened, according to family attorney Ronald Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The principal sat down with the video with the mother, and told her that her son was in the wrong,” said Cruz, who says he may file a lawsuit against the district. “She was humiliated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sanchez declined comment for this story. School district spokesman Troy Flint says Superintendent Antwan Wilson has spoken to Sanchez about the incident, but so far has taken no action.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The two security guards, Noil Angelo and Carlton Johnson, are on paid leave, pending the results of an inquiry being conducted by a private investigator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Angelo has worked at Fremont High for many years and, according to several sources, is a well-respected figure on the campus, having served as the school’s baseball coach for several years. Neither he nor Johnson could be reached for comment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school district has its own police force, overseen by Chief Jeff Godown, a veteran of the Los Angeles Police Department, the SFPD and the UCSF police force, who started in Oakland a little more than three months ago. The force is made up of about 84 school security officers, like those involved in this incident, and about 15 sworn police officers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Godown said he pulled the file in the Rodriguez case a few weeks ago, when Cruz requested it. He immediately knew something wasn’t right.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s troubling for me,” said Godown. “I didn’t see a reason [for the use of force.] I didn’t see a reason for him to be pushed in the back. I didn’t see a reason for him to be immediately turned around and choked.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Godown said multiple officers signed off on the use of force in this incident. Everyone from officers to school administrators will be investigated to see who knew about the video and when, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>District spokesman Flint notes the school district police force is also reviewing five years' worth of complaints against school security officers to see if there are systemic flaws in the way officers treat students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Attorney Cruz represents two other Oakland students who have accused school security officers of abuse in Oakland. One videotaped incident last May involved Francisco Martinez, 17, a wheelchair-bound student. The officer in that case, Marchell Ernest Mitchell, was charged with felony corporal injury in a case reportedly set for trial next month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is not about one stray officer. It’s a policy that goes all the way to the administration,” said Cruz.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A \u003ca href=\"http://www.cde.ca.gov/ta/tg/hs/cahseesuspendfaq.asp#q3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">law signed by Gov. Jerry Brown in October\u003c/a> compels California school districts to issue diplomas to former students who met every graduation requirement except passing the California High School Exit Exam.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a check of several districts shows that efforts to inform ex-students that they may now qualify for a diploma — a life-changer for many — have been uneven. Some districts are actively seeking those impacted, while others say they don’t have the resources to look for and contact them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='”100%”' height='”166″'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/243233592″&visual=true&”color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false”'\n title='”https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/243233592″'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About 35,000 students statewide met every graduation requirement except passing the exit exam since 2006, when the test was implemented. Many of those students may have since passed the exit exam after going to adult school, so it’s unclear exactly how many might be eligible now to get their diplomas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Unified officials said they estimate about 8,000 former district students met all graduation requirements except passing the exit exam going back the past nine years. The district is planning to inform those that they can reach.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A new state law in effect this year requires all California public school students to take sex education beginning in seventh grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents who don’t want their kids to learn about issues like body image, contraception and HIV awareness and prevention will have to formally opt out by submitting a document to their school or district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, sex education has been optional. If parents wanted their children to take a sexual health class, they had to sign up for the instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, called the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB329\" target=\"_blank\">California Healthy Youth Act\u003c/a>, attempts to standardize and update sex education in the state, which also now must include gender identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/241634553\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Unified has one of the most comprehensive sex education curriculums in the state, covering everything from sexual orientation to abusive relationships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health educators in the district say seventh grade is the best time to start teaching students about sexual health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Their bodies are developing, and often young people start to develop crushes on other students,\" says Christopher Pepper, a San Francisco Unified health teacher. “They’re dealing with effects of hormones in their body, and understanding all those things can be a little bit challenging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"zrPUji2SswjpD00xT9qeo7Pe90yXZjHU\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is also the first state in the nation where high school students will now learn about affirmative consent, known as \"Yes means Yes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developing a more comprehensive sex education curriculum is expected to be challenging in more conservative areas like Clovis Unified, which was \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/26/127740/aclu-forced-clovis-school-district-fix-sex-education\" target=\"_blank\">found to have violated\u003c/a> the state’s pre-existing law on sex education by providing students with inaccurate and biased information about sexual health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big question is how the state will monitor school districts, and whether there will be an uptick in families opting out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camille Giglio, with the group California Right To Life, says this curriculum goes too far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This comes into a whole new category of being forced to listen for six years to one version of so-called sexual health,\" Giglio said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California State PTA supports the new law, saying students should have medically accurate and unbiased information.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A new state law in effect this year requires all California public school students to take sex education beginning in seventh grade.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents who don’t want their kids to learn about issues like body image, contraception and HIV awareness and prevention will have to formally opt out by submitting a document to their school or district.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For years, sex education has been optional. If parents wanted their children to take a sexual health class, they had to sign up for the instruction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The law, called the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB329\" target=\"_blank\">California Healthy Youth Act\u003c/a>, attempts to standardize and update sex education in the state, which also now must include gender identity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/241634553&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/241634553'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>San Francisco Unified has one of the most comprehensive sex education curriculums in the state, covering everything from sexual orientation to abusive relationships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Health educators in the district say seventh grade is the best time to start teaching students about sexual health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Their bodies are developing, and often young people start to develop crushes on other students,\" says Christopher Pepper, a San Francisco Unified health teacher. “They’re dealing with effects of hormones in their body, and understanding all those things can be a little bit challenging.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California is also the first state in the nation where high school students will now learn about affirmative consent, known as \"Yes means Yes.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Developing a more comprehensive sex education curriculum is expected to be challenging in more conservative areas like Clovis Unified, which was \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/02/26/127740/aclu-forced-clovis-school-district-fix-sex-education\" target=\"_blank\">found to have violated\u003c/a> the state’s pre-existing law on sex education by providing students with inaccurate and biased information about sexual health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The big question is how the state will monitor school districts, and whether there will be an uptick in families opting out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Camille Giglio, with the group California Right To Life, says this curriculum goes too far.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This comes into a whole new category of being forced to listen for six years to one version of so-called sexual health,\" Giglio said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California State PTA supports the new law, saying students should have medically accurate and unbiased information.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's looking like voters will have one chance to extend income taxes on California's wealthiest residents this fall -- and supporters of the ballot measure are hoping their latest version will appease the state's most powerful voter: Gov. Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A compromise proposed ballot measure authored by unions and other groups representing teachers, the health care industry and advocates for kids was \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0115%20%28Temporary%20Tax%20Increase%29_0.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\">updated Monday with new language\u003c/a> aimed at appeasing a skeptical Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the governor \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-brown-initiatives-20160108-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">criticized a provision in the original initiative \u003c/a>that would have exempted any additional state revenue raised by the ballot measure from being earmarked for the state's rainy day fund (Brown has worked hard to grow the state's reserves since taking office five years ago and has generally \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/07/browns-budget-mantra-caution\" target=\"_blank\">pushed a message of fiscal restraint, including in last week's budget proposal\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"4zA8jWfhsWlLxBbcNRDHlXiZA7phvB8q\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those tax measures don't incorporate what people said they wanted \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_26866537/california-propositions-1-and-2-appear-be-sailing\" target=\"_blank\">by an overwhelming supermajority,\u003c/a>” Brown said, calling that omission \"a fatal flaw.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So this week, the measure's backers -- including the powerful California Teachers Association and the California Hospital Association -- removed that exemption and made other tweaks they hope will satisfy critics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The initiative \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article43012443.html\" target=\"_blank\">grew out of competing proposals\u003c/a> authored by the CTA and \u003ca href=\"http://www.sacbee.com/news/politics-government/capitol-alert/article35998542.html\" target=\"_blank\">the health care and children's groups\u003c/a>, respectively. The compromise measure seeks to extend through 2030 an increase in personal income taxes on couples who make more than $500,000 a year. Those increases were originally instated by 2012's Prop. 30, which also raised sales taxes in the state through the end of 2016.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brown championed Prop. 30's temporary tax increases -- the income tax increases were set to expire in 2018 -- as a way to stabilize California's budget at a time of deep cuts. But he promised from the beginning that the increases would be temporary. So even with the tweaks, it's an open question whether the governor will actually support the compromise ballot measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Backers of the tax extensions now have several months to collect the 585,407 signatures needed to place the measure before voters in November. It's likely to be \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2014/11/12-might-california-low-voter-turnout-spark-2016-initiative-frenzy/\" target=\"_blank\">a crowded ballot\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's looking like voters will have one chance to extend income taxes on California's wealthiest residents this fall -- and supporters of the ballot measure are hoping their latest version will appease the state's most powerful voter: Gov. Jerry Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A compromise proposed ballot measure authored by unions and other groups representing teachers, the health care industry and advocates for kids was \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/system/files/initiatives/pdfs/15-0115%20%28Temporary%20Tax%20Increase%29_0.pdf?\" target=\"_blank\">updated Monday with new language\u003c/a> aimed at appeasing a skeptical Brown.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last week, the governor \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-pol-sac-brown-initiatives-20160108-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">criticized a provision in the original initiative \u003c/a>that would have exempted any additional state revenue raised by the ballot measure from being earmarked for the state's rainy day fund (Brown has worked hard to grow the state's reserves since taking office five years ago and has generally \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/07/browns-budget-mantra-caution\" target=\"_blank\">pushed a message of fiscal restraint, including in last week's budget proposal\u003c/a>).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Those tax measures don't incorporate what people said they wanted \u003ca href=\"http://www.mercurynews.com/drought/ci_26866537/california-propositions-1-and-2-appear-be-sailing\" target=\"_blank\">by an overwhelming supermajority,\u003c/a>” Brown said, calling that omission \"a fatal flaw.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Los Angeles Unified School District officials say nearly every division in the district has worked the last three weeks to relocate nearly 2,000 students in the north San Fernando Valley because of the nearby \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">ongoing natural gas leak\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything is supposed to be ready on Tuesday, the relocated students' first day of school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"6yzWSG5pc5CNIJg2QYGum94pqsWwmK0U\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The most difficult piece is that we had hundreds of individuals working day and night for the period of three weeks,” said L.A. Unified area superintendent Vivian Ekchian, “in order to create the most desirable environment possible for the large number of students that would be relocated in a short period of time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school district has moved Porter Ranch students' desks, textbooks and teachers to 65 bungalows at Northridge Middle School and Sunny Brae Avenue Elementary School. The students will be grouped with others from their same classes. The schools are about 7 miles away from the students' original campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekchian said she wants the teaching to be seamless and “for the students to find comfort in that they are in an environment where the conversation isn’t about what they're smelling or which direction the wind is blowing or possibly how they're suffering from a headache, but don't know if it is from the gas odor or if it's something else.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/11/56740/lausd-scrambles-to-relocate-porter-ranch-students/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the full story via KPCC\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Los Angeles Unified School District officials say nearly every division in the district has worked the last three weeks to relocate nearly 2,000 students in the north San Fernando Valley because of the nearby \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">ongoing natural gas leak\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Everything is supposed to be ready on Tuesday, the relocated students' first day of school.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The most difficult piece is that we had hundreds of individuals working day and night for the period of three weeks,” said L.A. Unified area superintendent Vivian Ekchian, “in order to create the most desirable environment possible for the large number of students that would be relocated in a short period of time.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The school district has moved Porter Ranch students' desks, textbooks and teachers to 65 bungalows at Northridge Middle School and Sunny Brae Avenue Elementary School. The students will be grouped with others from their same classes. The schools are about 7 miles away from the students' original campuses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ekchian said she wants the teaching to be seamless and “for the students to find comfort in that they are in an environment where the conversation isn’t about what they're smelling or which direction the wind is blowing or possibly how they're suffering from a headache, but don't know if it is from the gas odor or if it's something else.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/11/56740/lausd-scrambles-to-relocate-porter-ranch-students/\" target=\"_blank\">Read the full story via KPCC\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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"info": "Tech Nation is a weekly public radio program, hosted by Dr. Moira Gunn. Founded in 1993, it has grown from a simple interview show to a multi-faceted production, featuring conversations with noted technology and science leaders, and a weekly science and technology-related commentary.",
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"title": "TED Radio Hour",
"info": "The TED Radio Hour is a journey through fascinating ideas, astonishing inventions, fresh approaches to old problems, and new ways to think and create.",
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