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"disqusTitle": "California's Lost Wetlands Get Help From Sacramento Valley Rice Farms",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Gold Rush, the Central Valley in California was like a bathtub. Rivers full of water from the mountains meandered through the valley, spreading the water far and wide across a vast expanse of natural wetlands. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This created rich feeding grounds for migrating species: salmon going to and from the ocean, or birds flying through from Alaska or Argentina. But with the development of farms, dams, houses and roads over the course of the 20th Century, California lost more than 90 percent of its natural wetlands -- and that, in turn, threatened the wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the northern part of the Central Valley -- the Sacramento Valley -- looks like a quilt of perfectly-level rice fields. It’s a vastly productive area that has made the state second only to the Mississippi Delta in rice production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That dramatic change in the landscape may sound grim, but in California’s rice country, some strange bedfellows are working together to address the historic loss of wildlife habitat, in a way that makes rice farming part of the solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just outside the tiny town of Richvale this past winter, fourth-generation farmer Josh Sheppard maneuvered his ATV over the leveesfarm, his dog Tonka in tow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Sheppard talked about the Calrose sushi rice he grows, he became almost poetic. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an amazing thing to witness. You can see the plants growing under the water on nice warm night,” he said. Driving up the next morning, “It’s satisfying to see rice seed come through the water and totally change the landscape of the field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He showed me rice fields flooded with a few inches of water but it felt more like we were on a bird-watching tour. Sheppard pointed out egrets and herons, Sandhill Cranes, curlews, ibis and countless ducks and geese filling whole sections of rice fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of these are migratory birds, but here they had found a welcome rest stop on a working farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660388\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-800x542.jpg\" alt='Josh Sheppard removes wooden boards, releasing water from a rice field as part of a \"variable draw down,\" releasing water from a quarter of his fields at a time, creating a variety of habitat for different migrating birds.' width=\"800\" height=\"542\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11660388\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-800x542.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-1020x691.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-1180x800.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-960x651.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-240x163.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-375x254.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-520x352.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Josh Sheppard removes wooden boards, releasing water from a rice field as part of a \"variable draw down,\" releasing water from a quarter of his fields at a time, creating a variety of habitat for different migrating birds. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They use these rice fields as their surrogate wetlands that used to naturally exist 100 years ago,” Sheppard explained. “Most of those natural wetlands have been developed over, but these rice fields are a perfect substitute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I met Sheppard in early February, he was purposely adjusting the water levels in his fields — all for the birds. As his dog splashed around in the water, Sheppard kneeled on a levee at a concrete gate, tugging at a few boards of lumber which hold back all the water in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/ca/programs/farmbill/rcpp/?cid=nrcseprd996406\">Government\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://birdreturns.org/\">non-profit\u003c/a> groups pay Sheppard and other farmers to add water to some fields or release it bit by bit over a month. That gives migrating birds a few more weeks of feeding time by turning the Sacramento Valley into a checkerboard of simulated wetlands and mudflats. Some birds prefer fields with a few inches of water on them, while others like looking for bugs in shallow puddles. These different habitats attract various types of birds that need to fuel up before their long journeys north to nest.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'You only conserve what you know. We all have to come together for that as Californians, whether we agree on all of that or not. Habitat and conservation are crucial.'\u003ccite>Regina Stafford, California Waterfowl Association\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I’m no birder, but I spotted a curlew with a long, curved beak, and Sheppard pointed out a piper: “That shorter-legged guy, see them dipping into the shallow water there, looking for bugs? Eating breakfast is what they’re doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be much more efficient, and less risky for his whole farming season, to release all of this water at once, and early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said, “To hold water a little longer, that was a concept a little bit foreign to us at the beginning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheppard described a meeting he attended in 2008. A bunch of bird conservationists and rice farmers gathered in a room with a whiteboard to share ideas. The bird experts offered ideas about what certain bird species needed to thrive, and talked about what farmers could do after harvest to make the Sacramento Valley hospitable for migrating birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we really realized the benefit of it, it became kind of like ‘Oh heck yeah, we're going to do that,’” Sheppard said. Especially with conservation groups offering to offset some of the costs of labor and water, he said, “Why would we not?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660365\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-800x381.jpg\" alt=\"Snow Geese in fly over a rice field in the Pleasant Grove area of Sutter County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"381\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11660365\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-800x381.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-160x76.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-1020x486.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-1180x562.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-960x457.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-240x114.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-375x179.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-520x248.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese.jpg 1260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snow Geese in fly over a rice field in the Pleasant Grove area of Sutter County. \u003ccite>(Jim Morris/California Rice Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A recent study of just one of these programs, The Nature Conservancy’s \u003ca href=\"http://birdreturns.org/\">BirdReturns\u003c/a>, showed that the actively-managed rice fields were attracting two to three times as many birds as before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, creating good bird habitat also helps create good publicity for the rice industry. Rice is among California’s top-ten most water-intensive crops. The homepage of the \u003ca href=\"http://calrice.org/\">California Rice Commission\u003c/a> is dominated by a dramatic video of snow geese landing on a rice field. And the Commission’s logo features a rice plant topped by a wading bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sheppard himself admitted, “There was a time even when the rice industry, we weren’t the poster child of all the environmental stuff that we have adopted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s talking about the old practice of burning rice fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Putting Out the Fires\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As kid, Jessica Lundberg — a third-generation member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.lundberg.com/\">Lundberg Family Farms\u003c/a> -- heard people complain that rice farmers mucked up the air by burning fields, a cheap and effective way to get rid of the straw left over after the rice harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was terrible,” she remembered. “All of the fields would go up and maybe a two- or three-week period in the valley [everything] was just socked in with smoke, and you couldn't really even see the foothills.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660391\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-800x650.jpg\" alt=\"Jessica Lundberg of Lundberg Family Farms.\" width=\"800\" height=\"650\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11660391\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-800x650.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-160x130.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-1020x829.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-1180x959.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-960x780.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-240x195.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-375x305.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-520x423.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica Lundberg of Lundberg Family Farms. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her family’s business stopped burning in the 1960s. Her grandparents, originally from Scandinavia, then the Midwest, lived through the Dust Bowl before settling here, and saw how farmers needed to steward the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that's your mentality, if you're going into it thinking, ‘I have to take care of all of this,’ then you start looking for solutions, you start asking questions,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They passed that belief system on to their sons who took over the business. Lundberg says her dad always kept an Audubon book in his truck, and taught her to learn the seasons of wildlife, as well as farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1990s, the state significantly restricted burning in rice country, so farmers started flooding fields, instead, to decompose that rice straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lundberg said, “The water in the fields, it’s a great habitat for insects.” Those in turn attract the birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed out that the area sits right on the Pacific Flyway for migrating birds. So once the burning stopped, the birds began landing and feeding again. “It took several years, but it doesn't take birds long to tell their friends that there's some good stuff going on over here,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions of migrating birds visit the Sacramento Valley, but it’s still working farmland, which means there are birds and farm machines wanting to be on the same fields at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Saving Eggs From Machines\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Early last summer, I met up with Regina Stafford and her team from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calwaterfowl.org/\">California Waterfowl Association\u003c/a> in a rice field that was about to get tilled. They had two big ATVs, a rope, and tin cans filled with gravel. It’s called a “drag rope” and they tied it between the two ATVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660382\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-800x491.jpg\" alt=\"In early June 2017, the Egg Salvage team from the California Waterfowl Association "drags" a rice field before it's tilled. They attach tin cans filled with gravel to rope tied between two ATVs, and then drive slowly down the field, hoping to flush ducks nesting in the field.\" width=\"800\" height=\"491\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11660382\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-800x491.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-160x98.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-1020x626.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-1180x725.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-960x590.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-240x147.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-375x230.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-520x319.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In early June 2017, the Egg Salvage team from the California Waterfowl Association \"drags\" a rice field before it's tilled. They attach tin cans filled with gravel to rope tied between two ATVs, and then drive slowly down the field, hoping to flush ducks nesting in the field. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The rope spins on swivels as we go. It’s nothing high-tech for sure!” Stafford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ducks love to nest in dry rice fields before planting season. But when workers bring out the big machinery, they could easily miss the nests and crush them, eggs and all. To avoid that, Stafford and her Egg Salvage team drove the ATVs slowly, in parallel, down the bumpy field, using the gravel-filled cans as simple noisemakers to flush the ducks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suddenly, one of her colleagues called out, “Bird! Bird! Bird!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stafford explained, “We just had a hen flush from the nest so we’re going to stop and check it out.” Team members placed the eggs in cartons and added some down for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the salvaged eggs this team collects are sent to a nearby hatchery, where they mature into ducks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, Regina Stafford was on a private ranch, leading an educational program and teaching kids how to put identifying bands on the young ducklings’ legs, and how to release them into the habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She warned a group of kids, each hanging onto a duck, “Remember, they can’t fly, so we can’t do any duck chucking.” The kids squatted at the edge of the water, and on the count of three released the ducks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660385\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-800x556.jpg\" alt=\"Young people prepare to release ducks raised from salvaged eggs onto habitat at a private hunting club.\" width=\"800\" height=\"556\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11660385\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-800x556.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-1020x709.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-1180x820.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-960x667.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-240x167.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-375x261.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-520x361.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Young people prepare to release ducks raised from salvaged eggs onto habitat at a private hunting club. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stafford’s organization, California Waterfowl, saved nearly 4,000 eggs last year -- but it’s a hunters’ organization, and it’s a private hunting club that houses the hatchery and habitat. So I asked: Are they just saving eggs to make more ducks for hunting? She replied that, habitat like this, paid for by hunters, helps support all the birds that migrate through this area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You only conserve what you know,” she explained. \"We all have to come together for that as Californians, whether we agree on all of that or not. Habitat and conservation are crucial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Side-Benefit For Salmon?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So, if hunters, farmers and conservationists can come together for birds who find surrogate wetlands in these fields, could other wildlife also benefit from sharing space with rice? The answer is yes, according to Jacob Katz, a scientist with the organization\u003ca href=\"http://caltrout.org/\"> California Trout\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Two million salmon once came through the Golden Gate into the rivers of the Central Valley. What we think we’re looking at here is the key to that kind of abundance again,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met Katz at a large rice farm full of swans, dowitchers and Sand Hill Cranes. To demonstrate his theory, Katz took me to three different bodies of water. First, the Sacramento River, where Katz’s colleague Jacob Montgomery donned waders and tossed a plankton net into the river to take samples, which he then deposited in a plastic bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you’re looking for is movement,” Katz said, peering into the bag. “What we'd like to see in a fertile water sample is bugs, which we simplify to fish food. What we see here is drifting sand, a little bit of plant parts, but very few bugs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660397\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-800x529.jpg\" alt=\"Scientist Jacob Katz compares water samples from a flooded rice field, a canal and a river. The rice field sample contains tens of thousands of bugs, great food for fish.\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11660397\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-1180x780.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-960x635.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-520x344.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientist Jacob Katz compares water samples from a flooded rice field, a canal and a river. The rice field sample contains tens of thousands of bugs, great food for fish. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a nearby canal, the results were similar. “Some floating debris, but not a lot of life, not a lot of wiggling invertebrates,” Katz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Montgomery gathered water from a flooded rice field. When Katz held up the plastic bag, he smiled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s teeming, it’s writhing,” he said. “The truth is there’s probably hundreds of thousands of individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least tens of thousands, anyway. They’ll find the exact number later at their UC Davis laboratory. If a young salmon lives in the rice fields, Katz said, “It’s going to get big, fat, robust. It’s going to pack a big lunch to trip down to the ocean, and have a much better chance of returning as an adult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katz and his team found that by letting salmon feed in flooded rice fields they grew seven times faster than fish in the nearby river channel.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11066097/a-flying-fish-that-transformed-the-sierra-for-better-and-for-worse\">A Flying Fish That Transformed the Sierra -- for Better and for Worse\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11066097/a-flying-fish-that-transformed-the-sierra-for-better-and-for-worse\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS21016_IMG_0695-qut-1920x1440.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“First we'd like to see gates in our levees and our bypasses that would allow water and fish to flow out of the river and onto managed floodplains that provide them with food access with incredible habitat,” Katz said. “We upgrade our cell phones every six months, it seems like 100 years is long enough to wait for levees 2.0.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for some agricultural landscapes, getting fish access to rice fields and back to the rivers would be really difficult. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since this water from flooded rice fields is so thick with great fish food, Katz would like to see hundreds of thousands of acres drained strategically back into rivers, where endangered fish populations feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think most people think that endangered species are inevitable and what our work is showing us is that that’s not the case. We’re trying to say— we’re not going back, we’re never going to be able to recreate tens or hundreds of thousands of acres of waving tule and wetland. But if we understand how that system works, if we understand the mechanisms that created that kind of abundance...” then, he said, we can learn how to create landscapes for the benefit of fish, birds, and agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece is part of the series \u003ca href=\"https://californiafoodways.com/\">California Foodways\u003c/a>. It was produced in collaboration with the \u003ca href=\"https://thefern.org/\">Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a non-profit, investigative news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"http://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/the-california-report-magazine/id1314750545?mt=2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Listen to this and more in-depth storytelling by subscribing to The California Report Magazine podcast.\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before the Gold Rush, the Central Valley in California was like a bathtub. Rivers full of water from the mountains meandered through the valley, spreading the water far and wide across a vast expanse of natural wetlands. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This created rich feeding grounds for migrating species: salmon going to and from the ocean, or birds flying through from Alaska or Argentina. But with the development of farms, dams, houses and roads over the course of the 20th Century, California lost more than 90 percent of its natural wetlands -- and that, in turn, threatened the wildlife.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the northern part of the Central Valley -- the Sacramento Valley -- looks like a quilt of perfectly-level rice fields. It’s a vastly productive area that has made the state second only to the Mississippi Delta in rice production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That dramatic change in the landscape may sound grim, but in California’s rice country, some strange bedfellows are working together to address the historic loss of wildlife habitat, in a way that makes rice farming part of the solution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just outside the tiny town of Richvale this past winter, fourth-generation farmer Josh Sheppard maneuvered his ATV over the leveesfarm, his dog Tonka in tow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When Sheppard talked about the Calrose sushi rice he grows, he became almost poetic. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s an amazing thing to witness. You can see the plants growing under the water on nice warm night,” he said. Driving up the next morning, “It’s satisfying to see rice seed come through the water and totally change the landscape of the field.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He showed me rice fields flooded with a few inches of water but it felt more like we were on a bird-watching tour. Sheppard pointed out egrets and herons, Sandhill Cranes, curlews, ibis and countless ducks and geese filling whole sections of rice fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A lot of these are migratory birds, but here they had found a welcome rest stop on a working farm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660388\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-800x542.jpg\" alt='Josh Sheppard removes wooden boards, releasing water from a rice field as part of a \"variable draw down,\" releasing water from a quarter of his fields at a time, creating a variety of habitat for different migrating birds.' width=\"800\" height=\"542\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11660388\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-800x542.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-160x108.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-1020x691.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-1180x800.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-960x651.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-240x163.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-375x254.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Sheppard-520x352.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Josh Sheppard removes wooden boards, releasing water from a rice field as part of a \"variable draw down,\" releasing water from a quarter of his fields at a time, creating a variety of habitat for different migrating birds. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“They use these rice fields as their surrogate wetlands that used to naturally exist 100 years ago,” Sheppard explained. “Most of those natural wetlands have been developed over, but these rice fields are a perfect substitute.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I met Sheppard in early February, he was purposely adjusting the water levels in his fields — all for the birds. As his dog splashed around in the water, Sheppard kneeled on a levee at a concrete gate, tugging at a few boards of lumber which hold back all the water in the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/detail/ca/programs/farmbill/rcpp/?cid=nrcseprd996406\">Government\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://birdreturns.org/\">non-profit\u003c/a> groups pay Sheppard and other farmers to add water to some fields or release it bit by bit over a month. That gives migrating birds a few more weeks of feeding time by turning the Sacramento Valley into a checkerboard of simulated wetlands and mudflats. Some birds prefer fields with a few inches of water on them, while others like looking for bugs in shallow puddles. These different habitats attract various types of birds that need to fuel up before their long journeys north to nest.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'You only conserve what you know. We all have to come together for that as Californians, whether we agree on all of that or not. Habitat and conservation are crucial.'\u003ccite>Regina Stafford, California Waterfowl Association\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>I’m no birder, but I spotted a curlew with a long, curved beak, and Sheppard pointed out a piper: “That shorter-legged guy, see them dipping into the shallow water there, looking for bugs? Eating breakfast is what they’re doing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It would be much more efficient, and less risky for his whole farming season, to release all of this water at once, and early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said, “To hold water a little longer, that was a concept a little bit foreign to us at the beginning.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sheppard described a meeting he attended in 2008. A bunch of bird conservationists and rice farmers gathered in a room with a whiteboard to share ideas. The bird experts offered ideas about what certain bird species needed to thrive, and talked about what farmers could do after harvest to make the Sacramento Valley hospitable for migrating birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When we really realized the benefit of it, it became kind of like ‘Oh heck yeah, we're going to do that,’” Sheppard said. Especially with conservation groups offering to offset some of the costs of labor and water, he said, “Why would we not?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660365\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-800x381.jpg\" alt=\"Snow Geese in fly over a rice field in the Pleasant Grove area of Sutter County.\" width=\"800\" height=\"381\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11660365\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-800x381.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-160x76.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-1020x486.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-1180x562.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-960x457.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-240x114.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-375x179.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese-520x248.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/SnowGeese.jpg 1260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Snow Geese in fly over a rice field in the Pleasant Grove area of Sutter County. \u003ccite>(Jim Morris/California Rice Commission)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>A recent study of just one of these programs, The Nature Conservancy’s \u003ca href=\"http://birdreturns.org/\">BirdReturns\u003c/a>, showed that the actively-managed rice fields were attracting two to three times as many birds as before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, creating good bird habitat also helps create good publicity for the rice industry. Rice is among California’s top-ten most water-intensive crops. The homepage of the \u003ca href=\"http://calrice.org/\">California Rice Commission\u003c/a> is dominated by a dramatic video of snow geese landing on a rice field. And the Commission’s logo features a rice plant topped by a wading bird.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Sheppard himself admitted, “There was a time even when the rice industry, we weren’t the poster child of all the environmental stuff that we have adopted.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s talking about the old practice of burning rice fields.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Putting Out the Fires\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>As kid, Jessica Lundberg — a third-generation member of \u003ca href=\"http://www.lundberg.com/\">Lundberg Family Farms\u003c/a> -- heard people complain that rice farmers mucked up the air by burning fields, a cheap and effective way to get rid of the straw left over after the rice harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was terrible,” she remembered. “All of the fields would go up and maybe a two- or three-week period in the valley [everything] was just socked in with smoke, and you couldn't really even see the foothills.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660391\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-800x650.jpg\" alt=\"Jessica Lundberg of Lundberg Family Farms.\" width=\"800\" height=\"650\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11660391\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-800x650.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-160x130.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-1020x829.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-1180x959.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-960x780.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-240x195.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-375x305.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/Lundberg-520x423.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jessica Lundberg of Lundberg Family Farms. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Her family’s business stopped burning in the 1960s. Her grandparents, originally from Scandinavia, then the Midwest, lived through the Dust Bowl before settling here, and saw how farmers needed to steward the land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“If that's your mentality, if you're going into it thinking, ‘I have to take care of all of this,’ then you start looking for solutions, you start asking questions,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They passed that belief system on to their sons who took over the business. Lundberg says her dad always kept an Audubon book in his truck, and taught her to learn the seasons of wildlife, as well as farming.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1990s, the state significantly restricted burning in rice country, so farmers started flooding fields, instead, to decompose that rice straw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lundberg said, “The water in the fields, it’s a great habitat for insects.” Those in turn attract the birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She pointed out that the area sits right on the Pacific Flyway for migrating birds. So once the burning stopped, the birds began landing and feeding again. “It took several years, but it doesn't take birds long to tell their friends that there's some good stuff going on over here,” she said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Millions of migrating birds visit the Sacramento Valley, but it’s still working farmland, which means there are birds and farm machines wanting to be on the same fields at the same time.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Saving Eggs From Machines\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Early last summer, I met up with Regina Stafford and her team from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.calwaterfowl.org/\">California Waterfowl Association\u003c/a> in a rice field that was about to get tilled. They had two big ATVs, a rope, and tin cans filled with gravel. It’s called a “drag rope” and they tied it between the two ATVs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660382\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-800x491.jpg\" alt=\"In early June 2017, the Egg Salvage team from the California Waterfowl Association "drags" a rice field before it's tilled. They attach tin cans filled with gravel to rope tied between two ATVs, and then drive slowly down the field, hoping to flush ducks nesting in the field.\" width=\"800\" height=\"491\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11660382\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-800x491.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-160x98.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-1020x626.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-1180x725.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-960x590.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-240x147.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-375x230.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/DragFieldEggs-520x319.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In early June 2017, the Egg Salvage team from the California Waterfowl Association \"drags\" a rice field before it's tilled. They attach tin cans filled with gravel to rope tied between two ATVs, and then drive slowly down the field, hoping to flush ducks nesting in the field. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“The rope spins on swivels as we go. It’s nothing high-tech for sure!” Stafford said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ducks love to nest in dry rice fields before planting season. But when workers bring out the big machinery, they could easily miss the nests and crush them, eggs and all. To avoid that, Stafford and her Egg Salvage team drove the ATVs slowly, in parallel, down the bumpy field, using the gravel-filled cans as simple noisemakers to flush the ducks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suddenly, one of her colleagues called out, “Bird! Bird! Bird!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stafford explained, “We just had a hen flush from the nest so we’re going to stop and check it out.” Team members placed the eggs in cartons and added some down for protection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All the salvaged eggs this team collects are sent to a nearby hatchery, where they mature into ducks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few weeks later, Regina Stafford was on a private ranch, leading an educational program and teaching kids how to put identifying bands on the young ducklings’ legs, and how to release them into the habitat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She warned a group of kids, each hanging onto a duck, “Remember, they can’t fly, so we can’t do any duck chucking.” The kids squatted at the edge of the water, and on the count of three released the ducks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660385\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-800x556.jpg\" alt=\"Young people prepare to release ducks raised from salvaged eggs onto habitat at a private hunting club.\" width=\"800\" height=\"556\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11660385\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-800x556.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-160x111.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-1020x709.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-1180x820.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-960x667.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-240x167.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-375x261.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsWithDucks-520x361.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Young people prepare to release ducks raised from salvaged eggs onto habitat at a private hunting club. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Stafford’s organization, California Waterfowl, saved nearly 4,000 eggs last year -- but it’s a hunters’ organization, and it’s a private hunting club that houses the hatchery and habitat. So I asked: Are they just saving eggs to make more ducks for hunting? She replied that, habitat like this, paid for by hunters, helps support all the birds that migrate through this area.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You only conserve what you know,” she explained. \"We all have to come together for that as Californians, whether we agree on all of that or not. Habitat and conservation are crucial.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A Side-Benefit For Salmon?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>So, if hunters, farmers and conservationists can come together for birds who find surrogate wetlands in these fields, could other wildlife also benefit from sharing space with rice? The answer is yes, according to Jacob Katz, a scientist with the organization\u003ca href=\"http://caltrout.org/\"> California Trout\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Two million salmon once came through the Golden Gate into the rivers of the Central Valley. What we think we’re looking at here is the key to that kind of abundance again,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I met Katz at a large rice farm full of swans, dowitchers and Sand Hill Cranes. To demonstrate his theory, Katz took me to three different bodies of water. First, the Sacramento River, where Katz’s colleague Jacob Montgomery donned waders and tossed a plankton net into the river to take samples, which he then deposited in a plastic bag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What you’re looking for is movement,” Katz said, peering into the bag. “What we'd like to see in a fertile water sample is bugs, which we simplify to fish food. What we see here is drifting sand, a little bit of plant parts, but very few bugs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660397\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-800x529.jpg\" alt=\"Scientist Jacob Katz compares water samples from a flooded rice field, a canal and a river. The rice field sample contains tens of thousands of bugs, great food for fish.\" width=\"800\" height=\"529\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11660397\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-800x529.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-160x106.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-1020x674.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-1180x780.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-960x635.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-240x159.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-375x248.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/FishWater-520x344.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientist Jacob Katz compares water samples from a flooded rice field, a canal and a river. The rice field sample contains tens of thousands of bugs, great food for fish. \u003ccite>(Lisa Morehouse/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a nearby canal, the results were similar. “Some floating debris, but not a lot of life, not a lot of wiggling invertebrates,” Katz said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, Montgomery gathered water from a flooded rice field. When Katz held up the plastic bag, he smiled.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s teeming, it’s writhing,” he said. “The truth is there’s probably hundreds of thousands of individuals.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least tens of thousands, anyway. They’ll find the exact number later at their UC Davis laboratory. If a young salmon lives in the rice fields, Katz said, “It’s going to get big, fat, robust. It’s going to pack a big lunch to trip down to the ocean, and have a much better chance of returning as an adult.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Katz and his team found that by letting salmon feed in flooded rice fields they grew seven times faster than fish in the nearby river channel.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11066097/a-flying-fish-that-transformed-the-sierra-for-better-and-for-worse\">A Flying Fish That Transformed the Sierra -- for Better and for Worse\u003c/a>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cfigure>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11066097/a-flying-fish-that-transformed-the-sierra-for-better-and-for-worse\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/08/RS21016_IMG_0695-qut-1920x1440.jpg\" alt=\"\">\u003c/a>\u003c/figure>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“First we'd like to see gates in our levees and our bypasses that would allow water and fish to flow out of the river and onto managed floodplains that provide them with food access with incredible habitat,” Katz said. “We upgrade our cell phones every six months, it seems like 100 years is long enough to wait for levees 2.0.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But for some agricultural landscapes, getting fish access to rice fields and back to the rivers would be really difficult. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since this water from flooded rice fields is so thick with great fish food, Katz would like to see hundreds of thousands of acres drained strategically back into rivers, where endangered fish populations feed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think most people think that endangered species are inevitable and what our work is showing us is that that’s not the case. We’re trying to say— we’re not going back, we’re never going to be able to recreate tens or hundreds of thousands of acres of waving tule and wetland. But if we understand how that system works, if we understand the mechanisms that created that kind of abundance...” then, he said, we can learn how to create landscapes for the benefit of fish, birds, and agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This piece is part of the series \u003ca href=\"https://californiafoodways.com/\">California Foodways\u003c/a>. It was produced in collaboration with the \u003ca href=\"https://thefern.org/\">Food & Environment Reporting Network\u003c/a>, a non-profit, investigative news organization.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Walls and Bridges: Understanding 2018",
"title": "Walls and Bridges: Understanding 2018",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>For many, 2017 was a year of shocks. We saw some of the deadliest mass shootings in U.S. history. We witnessed a president with little political experience take office and operate far outside the traditional norms of American leadership. We saw the voices of thousands of women take down some of the most powerful men in media and politics. We saw the country become increasingly divided — politically, economically and socially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we look forward through 2018, KQED will present a six-part series of live conversations across the Bay Area exploring some of the most polarizing topics of our time: politics, race, gender, immigration, extremism and more. We’ll ask the questions that divide us and look for the answers that unite us. Audience members will have an opportunity to talk about solutions to our growing polarity as they meet and mix during a post-conversation reception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tuesday, April 10, 7 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-extremism-tickets-43994960110\">Extremism\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Chinese Culture Center of San Francisco, San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAuthor Ijeoma Oluo (\"So You Want To Talk About Race\"), UC Berkeley Center for Right-Wing Studies professor Lawrence Rosenthal, and the Anti-Defamation League's director of Technology and Society, Brittan Heller, explore polarized politics, emboldened white nationalists, and how we can move forward in a time of intense division.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11673002/walls-and-bridges-extremism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Listen here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thursday, April 12, 7 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-gender-equality-tickets-44117183684\">Gender Equality\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Mountain View Center for the Performing Arts, Mountain View\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Panelists discuss what comes next after #MeToo, before audience members tackle some of the most biting questions surrounding the issue in an interactive conversation with each other.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11680054/walls-and-bridges-gender-equality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Listen here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wednesday, April 25, 12:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-majority-minority-tickets-44118670130\">\u003cstrong>Majority Minority\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>Ohlone College, Fremont\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Audience members will get to join a panel of experts as they discuss the social and political implications of shifting demographics at the national, state and local levels, and explore what happens when the minority becomes the majority.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11688635/walls-and-bridges-demographics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listen here\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wednesday, May 9, 7 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-immigration-tickets-44118050276\">\u003cstrong>Immigration\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>Oakland Museum of California, Oakland\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Sanctuary cites, families divided and ICE creeping into some of the most vulnerable communities. How long can communities stay in the shadows? What are the consequences, and how are these communities creating their own narrative?\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11692720/walls-and-bridges-immigration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Listen here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thursday, May 17, 7 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-zipcode-and-health-tickets-44117678163\">ZIP Code and Health\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Bayview Opera House, San Francisco\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>A ZIP code can reveal a lot, including geographic inequality and the likelihood of upward mobility in different locations. In this event, audience members will join a panel of experts and activists as they explore one of the most pressing social and economic questions of our time: Does your ZIP code determine your fate?\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11698864/walls-and-bridges-zip-codes-and-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Listen here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Monday June 4, 7 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-policy-racism-tickets-44118524695\">Policy & Racism\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>The Commonwealth Club, San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nDo Bay Area policies reinforce racism? Panelists and audience members will discuss whether local policies are discriminatory in one of the more progressive regions in the country.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11712872/walls-and-bridges-policy-and-racism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Listen here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As we look forward through 2018, KQED will present a six-part series of live conversations across the Bay Area exploring some of the most polarizing topics of our time: politics, race, gender, immigration, extremism and more.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For many, 2017 was a year of shocks. We saw some of the deadliest mass shootings in U.S. history. We witnessed a president with little political experience take office and operate far outside the traditional norms of American leadership. We saw the voices of thousands of women take down some of the most powerful men in media and politics. We saw the country become increasingly divided — politically, economically and socially.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As we look forward through 2018, KQED will present a six-part series of live conversations across the Bay Area exploring some of the most polarizing topics of our time: politics, race, gender, immigration, extremism and more. We’ll ask the questions that divide us and look for the answers that unite us. Audience members will have an opportunity to talk about solutions to our growing polarity as they meet and mix during a post-conversation reception.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Tuesday, April 10, 7 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-extremism-tickets-43994960110\">Extremism\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>Chinese Culture Center of San Francisco, San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAuthor Ijeoma Oluo (\"So You Want To Talk About Race\"), UC Berkeley Center for Right-Wing Studies professor Lawrence Rosenthal, and the Anti-Defamation League's director of Technology and Society, Brittan Heller, explore polarized politics, emboldened white nationalists, and how we can move forward in a time of intense division.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11673002/walls-and-bridges-extremism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Listen here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thursday, April 12, 7 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-gender-equality-tickets-44117183684\">Gender Equality\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Mountain View Center for the Performing Arts, Mountain View\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Panelists discuss what comes next after #MeToo, before audience members tackle some of the most biting questions surrounding the issue in an interactive conversation with each other.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11680054/walls-and-bridges-gender-equality\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Listen here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wednesday, April 25, 12:30 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-majority-minority-tickets-44118670130\">\u003cstrong>Majority Minority\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>Ohlone College, Fremont\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Audience members will get to join a panel of experts as they discuss the social and political implications of shifting demographics at the national, state and local levels, and explore what happens when the minority becomes the majority.\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11688635/walls-and-bridges-demographics\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Listen here\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Wednesday, May 9, 7 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-immigration-tickets-44118050276\">\u003cstrong>Immigration\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>Oakland Museum of California, Oakland\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>Sanctuary cites, families divided and ICE creeping into some of the most vulnerable communities. How long can communities stay in the shadows? What are the consequences, and how are these communities creating their own narrative?\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11692720/walls-and-bridges-immigration\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Listen here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Thursday, May 17, 7 p.m.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/em>\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-zipcode-and-health-tickets-44117678163\">ZIP Code and Health\u003cbr>\n\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cstrong>Bayview Opera House, San Francisco\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>A ZIP code can reveal a lot, including geographic inequality and the likelihood of upward mobility in different locations. In this event, audience members will join a panel of experts and activists as they explore one of the most pressing social and economic questions of our time: Does your ZIP code determine your fate?\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11698864/walls-and-bridges-zip-codes-and-health\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Listen here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Monday June 4, 7 p.m.\u003c/em>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.eventbrite.com/e/walls-and-bridges-policy-racism-tickets-44118524695\">Policy & Racism\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\n\u003cstrong>The Commonwealth Club, San Francisco\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nDo Bay Area policies reinforce racism? Panelists and audience members will discuss whether local policies are discriminatory in one of the more progressive regions in the country.\u003cbr>\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11712872/walls-and-bridges-policy-and-racism\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u003cstrong>Listen here\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "how-california-car-culture-killed-the-promise-of-a-20-minute-commute",
"title": "How California Car Culture Killed the Promise of a 20-Minute Commute",
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"headTitle": "How California Car Culture Killed the Promise of a 20-Minute Commute | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>As an innovator and early adopter of freeways, California became the symbolic capital of car culture. But the ease of movement conferred by the massive postwar freeway building boom was short-lived, turning the dream of car travel into a nightmare of congestion and long commutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of how Californians went from getting around to getting stuck behind the wheel is deeply entwined with the history of the urban freeway, an enterprise that advanced earlier and on a larger scale here than anywhere else in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half a century ago, there was reason for optimism about cars. Los Angeles native Michael Alexander remembers the days when the old saying about getting anywhere in Los Angeles in 20 minutes actually held true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I trusted it at least in the first decade of driving that I did,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1964, Alexander was a newly minted teenage driver, many freeways had just been built and he got a job as a clown in the L.A. City Traveling Circus, performing at city parks from the San Fernando Valley to the port cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660158\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11660158\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck.jpg\" alt=\"Children follow a truck as it drives into position at Granada Hills Playground to set up the 1964 Combined Traveling Circus and Kiddie Carnival. Photo dated: July 4, 1964.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"760\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck-800x594.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck-1020x757.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck-960x713.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck-240x178.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck-375x278.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck-520x386.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children follow a truck as it drives into position at Granada Hills Playground to set up the 1964 Combined Traveling Circus and Kiddie Carnival. Photo dated: July 4, 1964. \u003ccite>(HERALD-EXAMINER COLLECTION / LOS ANGELES PUBLIC LIBRARY)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We were truly able to ride the speed limit at any time of the day,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, that 20-minute rule is absurd. His wife, Vicki Kirsch, budgets five to six times that long to drive from their home northeast of downtown to her job teaching music at UCLA about 15 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traffic data analytics firm \u003ca href=\"http://inrix.com/scorecard/?\">Inrix\u003c/a> ranked L.A. traffic not just the worst in the country, but the worst in the world in 2017, saying drivers spent more than 100 hours a year delayed by congestion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not much better in the San Francisco Bay Area, ranked fifth most congested worldwide, where drivers were stuck in traffic almost 80 hours, according to Inrix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The limited-access highways in urban areas were conceived in the 1920s as a way to provide speedier thoroughfares for cars while excluding streetcars, pedestrians and intersections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That history can be traced less than a mile from Alexander and Kirsch’s home on a drive they take nearly every day down the Arroyo Seco Parkway, one of the earliest freeways in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660160\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 953px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11660160\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ArroyoSeco.jpg\" alt=\"Arroyo Seco Parkway soon after opening, 1940.\" width=\"953\" height=\"724\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ArroyoSeco.jpg 953w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ArroyoSeco-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ArroyoSeco-800x608.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ArroyoSeco-240x182.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ArroyoSeco-375x285.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ArroyoSeco-520x395.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 953px) 100vw, 953px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arroyo Seco Parkway soon after opening, 1940. \u003ccite>(AUTOMOBILE CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ARCHIVES)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Its opening in 1940 was a seminal moment, said Matthew Roth, historian for the Automobile Club of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you build a piece of freeway, you have determined future actions,” he said. “Once those lines are laid down in concrete, subsequent construction is going to have to connect with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the decades that followed, California did connect them — financing and designing a massive network of freeways that spans more than 50,000 miles across the state, a system that would become a model for the rest of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California was the right place, but it was also the right time,” said Brian Taylor, an urban planning professor who directs UCLA’s Institute of Transportation Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660163\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1004px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11660163\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/OneWaySigns.jpg\" alt=\"One-way signs that were placed on exit ramps after opening because people did not understand the concept of on-ramps and off-ramps, 1942.\" width=\"1004\" height=\"718\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/OneWaySigns.jpg 1004w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/OneWaySigns-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/OneWaySigns-800x572.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/OneWaySigns-960x687.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/OneWaySigns-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/OneWaySigns-375x268.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/OneWaySigns-520x372.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1004px) 100vw, 1004px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One-way signs that were placed on exit ramps after opening because people did not understand the concept of on-ramps and off-ramps, 1942. \u003ccite>(AUTOMOBILE CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ARCHIVES)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The rise of the automobile was happening everywhere, but California was uniquely poised to embrace it, said Taylor, because it coincided with the state’s period of maximum growth. In the two decades after World War II, there was booming industry, plenty of land to develop and the population doubled. Car ownership was growing even faster than the population, with car registrations \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/wcm/connect/bc1434a6-66a8-476c-b500-7e159ee9baaf/S7-1.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CONVERT_TO=url&CACHEID=bc1434a6-66a8-476c-b500-7e159ee9baaf\">increasing by 10 percent\u003c/a> a year between 1946 and 1958, according to the state Department of Motor Vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1947, the state began raising the gas tax to fund the freeways with the landmark Collier-Burns Act, setting up a gas tax highway trust fund which would be copied at the federal level a decade later. Previously, most roads had been funded on an ad hoc basis through bonds, tolls or local property taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Division of Highways, the precursor to Caltrans, built about a hundred miles of new freeway a year between the mid-’50s and mid-’60s, including sections of Highway 101 in Northern and Southern California, and much of Interstate 5, along with interstates 405 and 280.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor said these roadways were designed for high speed and high capacity by an agency that had previously been responsible only for rural highways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were off to the races building these big super highways that had really been designed to move people at 70 mph between cities rather than 15 mph within cities” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What started as a hodge-podge of more modest facilities like Arroyo Seco Parkway, initiated and built at the local level and designed to fit the crowded urban environment, turned into a state-orchestrated effort that transformed urban landscapes with high-capacity speedways cutting through the heart of cities and out to their fringes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660166\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1012px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11660166\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GradingtheRoadbed.jpg\" alt=\"Grading the roadbed of the Harbor Freeway, 1958.\" width=\"1012\" height=\"715\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GradingtheRoadbed.jpg 1012w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GradingtheRoadbed-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GradingtheRoadbed-800x565.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GradingtheRoadbed-960x678.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GradingtheRoadbed-240x170.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GradingtheRoadbed-375x265.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GradingtheRoadbed-520x367.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1012px) 100vw, 1012px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grading the roadbed of the Harbor Freeway, 1958. \u003ccite>(AUTOMOBILE CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ARCHIVES)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yet only about half the freeways that were planned for the state were ever built. By the 1970s cities were revolting against displacement and smog. Taylor’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.accessmagazine.org/fall-1993/why-california-stopped-building-freeways/\">research\u003c/a> shows that state spending on freeways continued to increase, even as the number of miles constructed plummeted because of cost inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost as quickly as it began, the era of freeway building came to an end. But Taylor said its legacy can still be felt, and has only compounded as California cities have grown and densified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These facilities supported development very far from the city center and created an expectation that it was somehow normal and reasonable to travel very far,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success of the freeways helped drive commerce, development and population growth across the state. The state’s population nearly tripled in the last half of the 20th century and the once-sparsley populated suburbs began merging with the big city centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Taylor said it’s a mistake to view the resulting vehicle traffic as a sign of failure or dysfunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congestion is a problem that arises from all of the activity we have in cities,” he said. “Cities exist because they push lots of activities together in a place. But when you push things together, things get crowded and slowed down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congestion, not free movement, is the natural state of thriving cities. So what Michael Alexander experienced in 1964 — the dream of driving across a city in 20 minutes — was an anomaly, a blip brought on by a sudden burst of new capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s likely the dream of a 20-minute car commute will live on only in the memories of folks like Alexander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I love the advantages the car culture gave me,” he said. “But I’m the beneficiary of something that might not have been best for society in the long run.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11660142\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"219\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-800x219.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-160x44.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1020x280.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-1180x324.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-960x263.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-240x66.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-375x103.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner-520x143.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/CADreamBanner.jpg 1867w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "California went big on freeways during the postwar years, but the days of easy driving and the lifestyle it enabled didn't last long.",
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"title": "How California Car Culture Killed the Promise of a 20-Minute Commute | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>As an innovator and early adopter of freeways, California became the symbolic capital of car culture. But the ease of movement conferred by the massive postwar freeway building boom was short-lived, turning the dream of car travel into a nightmare of congestion and long commutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The story of how Californians went from getting around to getting stuck behind the wheel is deeply entwined with the history of the urban freeway, an enterprise that advanced earlier and on a larger scale here than anywhere else in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Half a century ago, there was reason for optimism about cars. Los Angeles native Michael Alexander remembers the days when the old saying about getting anywhere in Los Angeles in 20 minutes actually held true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I trusted it at least in the first decade of driving that I did,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1964, Alexander was a newly minted teenage driver, many freeways had just been built and he got a job as a clown in the L.A. City Traveling Circus, performing at city parks from the San Fernando Valley to the port cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660158\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11660158\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck.jpg\" alt=\"Children follow a truck as it drives into position at Granada Hills Playground to set up the 1964 Combined Traveling Circus and Kiddie Carnival. Photo dated: July 4, 1964.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"760\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck.jpg 1024w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck-160x119.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck-800x594.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck-1020x757.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck-960x713.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck-240x178.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck-375x278.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/KidsFollowTruck-520x386.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Children follow a truck as it drives into position at Granada Hills Playground to set up the 1964 Combined Traveling Circus and Kiddie Carnival. Photo dated: July 4, 1964. \u003ccite>(HERALD-EXAMINER COLLECTION / LOS ANGELES PUBLIC LIBRARY)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“We were truly able to ride the speed limit at any time of the day,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today, that 20-minute rule is absurd. His wife, Vicki Kirsch, budgets five to six times that long to drive from their home northeast of downtown to her job teaching music at UCLA about 15 miles away.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Traffic data analytics firm \u003ca href=\"http://inrix.com/scorecard/?\">Inrix\u003c/a> ranked L.A. traffic not just the worst in the country, but the worst in the world in 2017, saying drivers spent more than 100 hours a year delayed by congestion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was not much better in the San Francisco Bay Area, ranked fifth most congested worldwide, where drivers were stuck in traffic almost 80 hours, according to Inrix.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The limited-access highways in urban areas were conceived in the 1920s as a way to provide speedier thoroughfares for cars while excluding streetcars, pedestrians and intersections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That history can be traced less than a mile from Alexander and Kirsch’s home on a drive they take nearly every day down the Arroyo Seco Parkway, one of the earliest freeways in the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660160\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 953px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11660160\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ArroyoSeco.jpg\" alt=\"Arroyo Seco Parkway soon after opening, 1940.\" width=\"953\" height=\"724\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ArroyoSeco.jpg 953w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ArroyoSeco-160x122.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ArroyoSeco-800x608.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ArroyoSeco-240x182.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ArroyoSeco-375x285.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/ArroyoSeco-520x395.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 953px) 100vw, 953px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Arroyo Seco Parkway soon after opening, 1940. \u003ccite>(AUTOMOBILE CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ARCHIVES)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Its opening in 1940 was a seminal moment, said Matthew Roth, historian for the Automobile Club of Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once you build a piece of freeway, you have determined future actions,” he said. “Once those lines are laid down in concrete, subsequent construction is going to have to connect with them.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the decades that followed, California did connect them — financing and designing a massive network of freeways that spans more than 50,000 miles across the state, a system that would become a model for the rest of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California was the right place, but it was also the right time,” said Brian Taylor, an urban planning professor who directs UCLA’s Institute of Transportation Studies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660163\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1004px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11660163\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/OneWaySigns.jpg\" alt=\"One-way signs that were placed on exit ramps after opening because people did not understand the concept of on-ramps and off-ramps, 1942.\" width=\"1004\" height=\"718\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/OneWaySigns.jpg 1004w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/OneWaySigns-160x114.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/OneWaySigns-800x572.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/OneWaySigns-960x687.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/OneWaySigns-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/OneWaySigns-375x268.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/OneWaySigns-520x372.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1004px) 100vw, 1004px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One-way signs that were placed on exit ramps after opening because people did not understand the concept of on-ramps and off-ramps, 1942. \u003ccite>(AUTOMOBILE CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ARCHIVES)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The rise of the automobile was happening everywhere, but California was uniquely poised to embrace it, said Taylor, because it coincided with the state’s period of maximum growth. In the two decades after World War II, there was booming industry, plenty of land to develop and the population doubled. Car ownership was growing even faster than the population, with car registrations \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/wcm/connect/bc1434a6-66a8-476c-b500-7e159ee9baaf/S7-1.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CONVERT_TO=url&CACHEID=bc1434a6-66a8-476c-b500-7e159ee9baaf\">increasing by 10 percent\u003c/a> a year between 1946 and 1958, according to the state Department of Motor Vehicles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1947, the state began raising the gas tax to fund the freeways with the landmark Collier-Burns Act, setting up a gas tax highway trust fund which would be copied at the federal level a decade later. Previously, most roads had been funded on an ad hoc basis through bonds, tolls or local property taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The State Division of Highways, the precursor to Caltrans, built about a hundred miles of new freeway a year between the mid-’50s and mid-’60s, including sections of Highway 101 in Northern and Southern California, and much of Interstate 5, along with interstates 405 and 280.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taylor said these roadways were designed for high speed and high capacity by an agency that had previously been responsible only for rural highways.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were off to the races building these big super highways that had really been designed to move people at 70 mph between cities rather than 15 mph within cities” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What started as a hodge-podge of more modest facilities like Arroyo Seco Parkway, initiated and built at the local level and designed to fit the crowded urban environment, turned into a state-orchestrated effort that transformed urban landscapes with high-capacity speedways cutting through the heart of cities and out to their fringes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11660166\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1012px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11660166\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GradingtheRoadbed.jpg\" alt=\"Grading the roadbed of the Harbor Freeway, 1958.\" width=\"1012\" height=\"715\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GradingtheRoadbed.jpg 1012w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GradingtheRoadbed-160x113.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GradingtheRoadbed-800x565.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GradingtheRoadbed-960x678.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GradingtheRoadbed-240x170.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GradingtheRoadbed-375x265.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GradingtheRoadbed-520x367.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1012px) 100vw, 1012px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Grading the roadbed of the Harbor Freeway, 1958. \u003ccite>(AUTOMOBILE CLUB OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ARCHIVES)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Yet only about half the freeways that were planned for the state were ever built. By the 1970s cities were revolting against displacement and smog. Taylor’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.accessmagazine.org/fall-1993/why-california-stopped-building-freeways/\">research\u003c/a> shows that state spending on freeways continued to increase, even as the number of miles constructed plummeted because of cost inflation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Almost as quickly as it began, the era of freeway building came to an end. But Taylor said its legacy can still be felt, and has only compounded as California cities have grown and densified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These facilities supported development very far from the city center and created an expectation that it was somehow normal and reasonable to travel very far,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The success of the freeways helped drive commerce, development and population growth across the state. The state’s population nearly tripled in the last half of the 20th century and the once-sparsley populated suburbs began merging with the big city centers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Taylor said it’s a mistake to view the resulting vehicle traffic as a sign of failure or dysfunction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Congestion is a problem that arises from all of the activity we have in cities,” he said. “Cities exist because they push lots of activities together in a place. But when you push things together, things get crowded and slowed down.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congestion, not free movement, is the natural state of thriving cities. So what Michael Alexander experienced in 1964 — the dream of driving across a city in 20 minutes — was an anomaly, a blip brought on by a sudden burst of new capacity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s likely the dream of a 20-minute car commute will live on only in the memories of folks like Alexander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I love the advantages the car culture gave me,” he said. “But I’m the beneficiary of something that might not have been best for society in the long run.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/series/californiadream/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The California Dream series\u003c/a> is a statewide media collaboration of CALmatters, KPBS, KPCC, KQED and Capital Public Radio with support from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting, the James Irvine Foundation and the College Futures Foundation.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg will testify on Capitol Hill on April 11 before the powerful House Energy and Commerce Committee, to answer questions about how the company protects its users' data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple congressional committees have asked Zuckerberg to testify in light of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/tags/467415574/cambridge-analytica\">reporting about Cambridge Analytica\u003c/a>'s use of Facebook data to target American voters in the 2016 election. This is the first confirmation that Zuckerberg will take questions from members of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Wednesday, House lawmakers welcomed the opportunity to hear from Facebook's CEO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This hearing will be an important opportunity to shed light on critical consumer data privacy issues and help all Americans better understand what happens to their personal information online. We appreciate Mr. Zuckerberg's willingness to testify before the committee, and we look forward to him answering our questions on April 11th,\" \u003ca href=\"https://energycommerce.house.gov/news/press-release/ec-announces-facebook-ceo-mark-zuckerberg-will-testify-april-11th/\">said Reps. Greg Walden and Frank Pallone\u003c/a>, the top Republican and Democrat on the panel, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg, the 33-year-old founder of Facebook, has also been invited to testify at hearings by the Senate's judiciary and commerce committees, but they have not released any word about his potential attendance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate Judiciary Committee has also invited the CEOs of Google and Twitter to testify, but it has not confirmed whether they will attend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Facebook%27s+Mark+Zuckerberg+Will+Testify+Before+Congress+On+April+11&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg will testify on Capitol Hill on April 11 before the powerful House Energy and Commerce Committee, to answer questions about how the company protects its users' data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Multiple congressional committees have asked Zuckerberg to testify in light of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/tags/467415574/cambridge-analytica\">reporting about Cambridge Analytica\u003c/a>'s use of Facebook data to target American voters in the 2016 election. This is the first confirmation that Zuckerberg will take questions from members of Congress.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement Wednesday, House lawmakers welcomed the opportunity to hear from Facebook's CEO.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This hearing will be an important opportunity to shed light on critical consumer data privacy issues and help all Americans better understand what happens to their personal information online. We appreciate Mr. Zuckerberg's willingness to testify before the committee, and we look forward to him answering our questions on April 11th,\" \u003ca href=\"https://energycommerce.house.gov/news/press-release/ec-announces-facebook-ceo-mark-zuckerberg-will-testify-april-11th/\">said Reps. Greg Walden and Frank Pallone\u003c/a>, the top Republican and Democrat on the panel, in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg, the 33-year-old founder of Facebook, has also been invited to testify at hearings by the Senate's judiciary and commerce committees, but they have not released any word about his potential attendance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Senate Judiciary Committee has also invited the CEOs of Google and Twitter to testify, but it has not confirmed whether they will attend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Facebook%27s+Mark+Zuckerberg+Will+Testify+Before+Congress+On+April+11&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "theres-still-gold-in-these-california-hills-but-mining-it-again-isnt-simple",
"title": "There’s (Still) Gold in These California Hills, But Mining It Again Isn't Simple",
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"content": "\u003cp>This year marks the 170th anniversary of the discovery of gold at Sutter’s Mill, north of Sacramento. The legacy of the Gold Rush is inescapable in Northern California, particularly in Mariposa County. It’s visible in mining museums, at roadside historical sites and in county buildings on Bullion Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What hasn’t persisted in this region is gold mining itself. But one Canadian company wants to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sam Long works on a few thousand acres in the Mariposa County foothills. He doesn’t have to go far to be reminded of the Gold Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve recovered old wheelbarrows, old shovels and picks, steel lunchboxes, old ore carts,” he says. “There was even a bit of railway track where they used to push through carts of rock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 170 years, Long is here to reignite this historic industry. He’s the exploration manager for Fremont Gold Mining, a small company prospecting for gold on a hillside overlooking Lake McClure. Inside a warehouse, geologists examine rock samples, and outside, another cuts rock with a saw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately the goal is to have a mine and to create good jobs for people throughout the county, throughout the state,” Long says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont Gold’s property lies along the famed Mother Lode Gold Belt, which stretches 120 miles from Mariposa north into El Dorado County. Since the 1840s, it’s been home to hundreds of gold mines that have extracted millions of ounces of the mineral. By some estimates, however, literally tons of gold still lie buried here. Fremont Gold hopes to make those potential resources a reality — but history suggests it’s likely to face an uphill battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11659646\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11659646\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-800x554.jpg\" alt=\"Despite the name, Fremont Gold Mining is an exploration company, completing many years of surveying, sampling and drilling before deciding whether a mine could be economically feasible.\" width=\"800\" height=\"554\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-800x554.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-1020x706.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-1180x817.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-960x665.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-240x166.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-375x260.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-520x360.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Despite the name, Fremont Gold Mining is an exploration company, completing many years of surveying, sampling and drilling before deciding whether a mine could be economically feasible. \u003ccite>(Kerry Klein/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To be clear, Fremont Gold Mining is not actually mining. It’s exploring. Its job is to determine how much gold its property contains, which involves surveying, sampling and drilling. After exploring a quarter of its property, the company estimates it has already defined close to 900,000 ounces of gold — far more than what was already extracted during 100 years of mining on the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If so much gold remains in the hills here, exploration companies must be stampeding back to the Mother Lode, right? Nope. Throughout the five counties containing the gold belt, only one gold mine is active, and only intermittently. Other exploration projects have folded, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Clinkenbeard with the California Geological Survey says that’s because the mineral itself is only one component of an economical operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gold production increases and decreases with the economy and with wars,” he says. “A whole lot of things influence what happened [since the Gold Rush].”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘[In the 19th century] you simply mined, and then when you were done you walked away, and you left the land with significant scars and in some cases … public hazards.’\u003ccite>Pat Perez, California Department of Conservation\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Although the price of gold has dropped from its peak in 2012, after inflation it’s still about 2.5 times higher than its value in the 1840s. But gold operations themselves have become much pricier since then, with more advanced technology and higher labor costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vishal Gupta is CEO of California Gold Mining, the Canadian company that owns Fremont Gold. He says another reason gold mining slowed is because this is California, ground zero for environmentalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I won’t say there was a moratorium on any gold mining since the Second World War,” he says, “but it had become increasingly difficult for gold and other commodity-based companies to do any sort of a business within the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pat Perez, with the California Department of Conservation, says that’s for good reason. In the 19th century, long before the California Environmental Quality Act and the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act, environmental accountability simply wasn’t a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You simply mined, and then when you were done you walked away, and you left the land with significant scars and in some cases environmental challenges and public hazards,” Perez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11659693\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11659693\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Mariposa County resident Les Overstreet is concerned about the socioeconomic and environmental impacts a mine would have, and doesn't want the environmental negligence of the gold rush era.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mariposa County resident Les Overstreet is concerned about the socioeconomic and environmental impacts a mine would have, and doesn’t want the environmental negligence of the Gold Rush era. \u003ccite>(Kerry Klein/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mariposa County officials, who handle local permitting, are well aware of those scars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associate planner Steve Engfer points to many practices he hopes remain in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was “hydraulic mining, where they would mine whole mountainsides and all the silt and everything just washes downstream, river amalgamation processes where there were chemicals involved that weren’t as regulated as we would have today,” he says. And there were many others. Engfer believes with diligence, gold mining can be both environmentally responsible and a driver of economic growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County resident Les Overstreet isn’t convinced either is true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He lives a few miles away from the Fremont Gold site and says he plans to push back against any plans to develop a mine. He worries about how it could strain local infrastructure and water resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s going to happen environmentally to the wild and scenic Merced River, and then also the lake?” he asks. “It’d be very difficult to keep things like surfactants out the lake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont Gold expects to spend another few years drilling and surveying. A mine would be many years further down the road, after more permitting and opportunity for public comment.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"title": "There’s (Still) Gold in These California Hills, But Mining It Again Isn't Simple | KQED",
"description": "A Canadian company estimates there’s far more gold still in a piece of property in Mariposa County than what was extracted during 100 years of mining there.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>This year marks the 170th anniversary of the discovery of gold at Sutter’s Mill, north of Sacramento. The legacy of the Gold Rush is inescapable in Northern California, particularly in Mariposa County. It’s visible in mining museums, at roadside historical sites and in county buildings on Bullion Street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What hasn’t persisted in this region is gold mining itself. But one Canadian company wants to change that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sam Long works on a few thousand acres in the Mariposa County foothills. He doesn’t have to go far to be reminded of the Gold Rush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’ve recovered old wheelbarrows, old shovels and picks, steel lunchboxes, old ore carts,” he says. “There was even a bit of railway track where they used to push through carts of rock.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After 170 years, Long is here to reignite this historic industry. He’s the exploration manager for Fremont Gold Mining, a small company prospecting for gold on a hillside overlooking Lake McClure. Inside a warehouse, geologists examine rock samples, and outside, another cuts rock with a saw.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Ultimately the goal is to have a mine and to create good jobs for people throughout the county, throughout the state,” Long says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont Gold’s property lies along the famed Mother Lode Gold Belt, which stretches 120 miles from Mariposa north into El Dorado County. Since the 1840s, it’s been home to hundreds of gold mines that have extracted millions of ounces of the mineral. By some estimates, however, literally tons of gold still lie buried here. Fremont Gold hopes to make those potential resources a reality — but history suggests it’s likely to face an uphill battle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11659646\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11659646\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-800x554.jpg\" alt=\"Despite the name, Fremont Gold Mining is an exploration company, completing many years of surveying, sampling and drilling before deciding whether a mine could be economically feasible.\" width=\"800\" height=\"554\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-800x554.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-160x111.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-1020x706.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-1180x817.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-960x665.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-240x166.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-375x260.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/GoldMiningKlein-520x360.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Despite the name, Fremont Gold Mining is an exploration company, completing many years of surveying, sampling and drilling before deciding whether a mine could be economically feasible. \u003ccite>(Kerry Klein/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>To be clear, Fremont Gold Mining is not actually mining. It’s exploring. Its job is to determine how much gold its property contains, which involves surveying, sampling and drilling. After exploring a quarter of its property, the company estimates it has already defined close to 900,000 ounces of gold — far more than what was already extracted during 100 years of mining on the property.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If so much gold remains in the hills here, exploration companies must be stampeding back to the Mother Lode, right? Nope. Throughout the five counties containing the gold belt, only one gold mine is active, and only intermittently. Other exploration projects have folded, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>John Clinkenbeard with the California Geological Survey says that’s because the mineral itself is only one component of an economical operation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Gold production increases and decreases with the economy and with wars,” he says. “A whole lot of things influence what happened [since the Gold Rush].”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘[In the 19th century] you simply mined, and then when you were done you walked away, and you left the land with significant scars and in some cases … public hazards.’\u003ccite>Pat Perez, California Department of Conservation\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Although the price of gold has dropped from its peak in 2012, after inflation it’s still about 2.5 times higher than its value in the 1840s. But gold operations themselves have become much pricier since then, with more advanced technology and higher labor costs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vishal Gupta is CEO of California Gold Mining, the Canadian company that owns Fremont Gold. He says another reason gold mining slowed is because this is California, ground zero for environmentalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I won’t say there was a moratorium on any gold mining since the Second World War,” he says, “but it had become increasingly difficult for gold and other commodity-based companies to do any sort of a business within the state.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pat Perez, with the California Department of Conservation, says that’s for good reason. In the 19th century, long before the California Environmental Quality Act and the Surface Mining and Reclamation Act, environmental accountability simply wasn’t a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You simply mined, and then when you were done you walked away, and you left the land with significant scars and in some cases environmental challenges and public hazards,” Perez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11659693\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11659693\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Mariposa County resident Les Overstreet is concerned about the socioeconomic and environmental impacts a mine would have, and doesn't want the environmental negligence of the gold rush era.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-960x720.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-240x180.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-375x281.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/MariposaGoldOverstreet-520x390.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mariposa County resident Les Overstreet is concerned about the socioeconomic and environmental impacts a mine would have, and doesn’t want the environmental negligence of the Gold Rush era. \u003ccite>(Kerry Klein/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Mariposa County officials, who handle local permitting, are well aware of those scars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Associate planner Steve Engfer points to many practices he hopes remain in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There was “hydraulic mining, where they would mine whole mountainsides and all the silt and everything just washes downstream, river amalgamation processes where there were chemicals involved that weren’t as regulated as we would have today,” he says. And there were many others. Engfer believes with diligence, gold mining can be both environmentally responsible and a driver of economic growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County resident Les Overstreet isn’t convinced either is true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He lives a few miles away from the Fremont Gold site and says he plans to push back against any plans to develop a mine. He worries about how it could strain local infrastructure and water resources.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What’s going to happen environmentally to the wild and scenic Merced River, and then also the lake?” he asks. “It’d be very difficult to keep things like surfactants out the lake.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fremont Gold expects to spend another few years drilling and surveying. A mine would be many years further down the road, after more permitting and opportunity for public comment.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Tesla is under fire again over labor practices after the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) tacked on additional charges to an existing complaint, including claims that Tesla fired an employee over efforts to unionize with the United Auto Workers at its Fremont plant. Tesla and the NLRB will go to trial in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NLRB is an independent government agency that protects workers’ rights to unionize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest allegations have been added to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11615246/federal-labor-board-claims-tesla-intimidated-workers-trying-to-unionize\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">larger complaint\u003c/a> that three workers filed against the automaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, the three workers claimed the company illegally intimidated them when they wore UAW T-shirts. One worker said he was restrained by a security guard when he participated in union activities like passing out flyers and pamphlets with UAW information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the newly amended complaint, one employee last fall sent screen shots of workers’ photographs and job titles to another Tesla employee to post in a private employee Facebook page called “Fremont Tesla Employees for UAW Representation,” where workers can legally post comments regarding wages and working conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, a Tesla employee-relations investigator interrogated the two workers about their activity. One worker was fired on Oct. 18 and then, a day later, the other worker received a disciplinary warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NLRB says Tesla’s actions discourage employees from engaging in legal unionizing efforts and that the two employees were targeted for their UAW affiliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the same time the two workers were investigated, Tesla fired about 700 employees because of bad performance reviews, according to the automaker. But UAW alleges the firings were because workers were trying to unionize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor rights experts aren’t surprised by the latest amendment from the NLRB. Bill Sokol, a labor lawyer and lecturer at San Francisco State University, said, “It’s very possible that there will be more amendments, depending on the NLRB’s investigation of new charges, because we know that 700 workers were terminated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Sanchez, a Tesla factory worker and part of the complaint because he says he was intimidated for handing out union leaflets. He said he’s happy with this amended complaint because it’s a move in the right direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a step forward, you know, to just speak the truth,” Sanchez said. “We aren’t here to have a good job. We’re here to have a great career.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla workers like Sanchez have been actively trying to unionize since the beginning of 2017. They have claimed unsafe working conditions as well as low pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to KQED regarding the latest complaint, a Tesla spokesperson denies the additional charges:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“We have over 37,000 individuals working towards a mission to accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy, and we care about creating a great culture and future for our employees. These allegations from the UAW are nothing new. The only thing that’s changed since the UAW filed these charges is that many of the allegations have been outright dismissed or are not being pursued by the NLRB. There’s no merit to any of them. We will continue to fight for what is right.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Tesla must respond to the newest allegations by April 13, 2018. A trial before an administrative judge is set for June 11, 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electric car company seems to be having a tough time right now. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11658404\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tesla is under investigation\u003c/a> by the National Transportation Safety Board after a man died when he crashed his SUV Model X into a highway barrier on US-101 near Mountain View. Tesla admitted the car was in its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">semiautonomous “Autopilot” mode\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>After this story was published, Tesla said that the company fired the employee listed in the amended NLRB complaint because he had lied about why he shared the photos during the internal investigation. The employee later admitted to lying, Tesla said, so the company terminated him.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Tesla is under fire again over labor practices after the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) tacked on additional charges to an existing complaint, including claims that Tesla fired an employee over efforts to unionize with the United Auto Workers at its Fremont plant. Tesla and the NLRB will go to trial in June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NLRB is an independent government agency that protects workers’ rights to unionize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The latest allegations have been added to a \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11615246/federal-labor-board-claims-tesla-intimidated-workers-trying-to-unionize\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">larger complaint\u003c/a> that three workers filed against the automaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, the three workers claimed the company illegally intimidated them when they wore UAW T-shirts. One worker said he was restrained by a security guard when he participated in union activities like passing out flyers and pamphlets with UAW information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the newly amended complaint, one employee last fall sent screen shots of workers’ photographs and job titles to another Tesla employee to post in a private employee Facebook page called “Fremont Tesla Employees for UAW Representation,” where workers can legally post comments regarding wages and working conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Afterward, a Tesla employee-relations investigator interrogated the two workers about their activity. One worker was fired on Oct. 18 and then, a day later, the other worker received a disciplinary warning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The NLRB says Tesla’s actions discourage employees from engaging in legal unionizing efforts and that the two employees were targeted for their UAW affiliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Around the same time the two workers were investigated, Tesla fired about 700 employees because of bad performance reviews, according to the automaker. But UAW alleges the firings were because workers were trying to unionize.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Labor rights experts aren’t surprised by the latest amendment from the NLRB. Bill Sokol, a labor lawyer and lecturer at San Francisco State University, said, “It’s very possible that there will be more amendments, depending on the NLRB’s investigation of new charges, because we know that 700 workers were terminated.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Sanchez, a Tesla factory worker and part of the complaint because he says he was intimidated for handing out union leaflets. He said he’s happy with this amended complaint because it’s a move in the right direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a step forward, you know, to just speak the truth,” Sanchez said. “We aren’t here to have a good job. We’re here to have a great career.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tesla workers like Sanchez have been actively trying to unionize since the beginning of 2017. They have claimed unsafe working conditions as well as low pay.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement to KQED regarding the latest complaint, a Tesla spokesperson denies the additional charges:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“We have over 37,000 individuals working towards a mission to accelerate the world’s transition to sustainable energy, and we care about creating a great culture and future for our employees. These allegations from the UAW are nothing new. The only thing that’s changed since the UAW filed these charges is that many of the allegations have been outright dismissed or are not being pursued by the NLRB. There’s no merit to any of them. We will continue to fight for what is right.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Tesla must respond to the newest allegations by April 13, 2018. A trial before an administrative judge is set for June 11, 2018.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The electric car company seems to be having a tough time right now. \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11658404\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tesla is under investigation\u003c/a> by the National Transportation Safety Board after a man died when he crashed his SUV Model X into a highway barrier on US-101 near Mountain View. Tesla admitted the car was in its \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11659115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">semiautonomous “Autopilot” mode\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>After this story was published, Tesla said that the company fired the employee listed in the amended NLRB complaint because he had lied about why he shared the photos during the internal investigation. The employee later admitted to lying, Tesla said, so the company terminated him.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Pasadena Has Never Wanted Legal Marijuana Sales. So Why Did It Just Reverse Course?",
"title": "Pasadena Has Never Wanted Legal Marijuana Sales. So Why Did It Just Reverse Course?",
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"content": "\u003cp>California is now in its fourth month of legal recreational marijuana sales. But in many parts of the state, pot shops are still banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pasadena is one of those places. The city has long sought to restrict marijuana sales. But now that it finds itself wrestling with a legalization push within its city limits, the city's answer is to open the door to some legal pot businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 5, Pasadena voters will be asked to weigh in on a city-backed proposal to let a small number of pot stores open up in certain non-residential areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Terry Tornek said by putting the proposal on the state primary ballot, the city is trying to get ahead of a less restrictive initiative advocated by the local cannabis industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When the industry started collecting signatures to put their measure on the ballot in November, in a format that would suit them, they sort of forced our hand,\" Tornek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, the city initiative would technically allow up to six retail shops throughout the city. But the actual number would likely be smaller, due to zoning restrictions leaving much of Pasadena off-limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one shop would be able to operate in each city council district, and shops would have to locate 1,000 feet apart from each other and at least 600 feet away from homes and schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Tornek appeared alongside one of those business owners, Shaun Szameit of Golden State Collective, at a meeting of the Pasadena-based Progressive Discussion Group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They would not have this on the ballot if they were not jumping ahead of mine,\" Szameit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11659400\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11659400\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PasadenaMayor-800x608.jpg\" alt=\"Golden State Collective director Shaun Szameit (L) and Pasadena Mayor Terry Tornek discussed two ballot initiatives aiming to allow marijuana sales in the city, March 16, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"608\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PasadenaMayor-800x608.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PasadenaMayor-160x122.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PasadenaMayor-240x183.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PasadenaMayor-375x285.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PasadenaMayor-520x396.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PasadenaMayor.jpg 873w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Golden State Collective director Shaun Szameit (L) and Pasadena Mayor Terry Tornek discussed two ballot initiatives aiming to allow marijuana sales in the city, March 16, 2018. \u003ccite>(David Wagner/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city currently bans marijuana, but dispensary owners have been operating in Pasadena for years, arguing that state law gives them the right to provide medical marijuana to patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Szameit said the city's proposal would force him to shut down. Existing business owners would not be allowed to apply for one of the handful of city-issued licenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite the possibility of going out of business, Szameit is reluctantly supporting the city's June initiative. He worries a \"no\" vote would give the city reason to continue its ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's unfortunate, because I don't see how I'm an illegal operator,\" Szamiet said. \"However, I do know, based on their ordinance, that I will be disqualified.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Szameit hopes his November ballot measure will still pass, loosening the restrictions set by the city's proposal. He argues it would create more tax revenue for the city -- $7 million annually. Mayor Tornek said those projections are speculative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those closely watching the rollout of legal pot in California and other states say what's happening in Pasadena follows a familiar pattern: Local officials are starting to realize that legal sales are coming to their city one way or another. The only question is how much they can control the growth of the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a balancing act,\" said Vanderbilt Law School professor and marijuana policy expert Robert Mikos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Especially in a place like California, where you have relatively easy access to ballot initiatives, lawmakers need to recognize that if they don't allow something to go through, the people can always go around them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those voters may choose to welcome more businesses than local lawmakers would like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly two-thirds of Pasadena voters supported Proposition 64, which legalized adult use of marijuana throughout the state. Mayor Tornek said he doesn't expect those voters to turn their backs on legalization now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm pretty confident the voters will approve [the city's proposal] in June,\" he said. \"And if the industry brings their proposal in November, I think it will be defeated.\"\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Local officials are starting to realize that legal cannabis sales are coming to their city one way or another. The only question is how much they can control the growth of the industry.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California is now in its fourth month of legal recreational marijuana sales. But in many parts of the state, pot shops are still banned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pasadena is one of those places. The city has long sought to restrict marijuana sales. But now that it finds itself wrestling with a legalization push within its city limits, the city's answer is to open the door to some legal pot businesses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On June 5, Pasadena voters will be asked to weigh in on a city-backed proposal to let a small number of pot stores open up in certain non-residential areas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mayor Terry Tornek said by putting the proposal on the state primary ballot, the city is trying to get ahead of a less restrictive initiative advocated by the local cannabis industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When the industry started collecting signatures to put their measure on the ballot in November, in a format that would suit them, they sort of forced our hand,\" Tornek said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, the city initiative would technically allow up to six retail shops throughout the city. But the actual number would likely be smaller, due to zoning restrictions leaving much of Pasadena off-limits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Only one shop would be able to operate in each city council district, and shops would have to locate 1,000 feet apart from each other and at least 600 feet away from homes and schools.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Friday, Tornek appeared alongside one of those business owners, Shaun Szameit of Golden State Collective, at a meeting of the Pasadena-based Progressive Discussion Group.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They would not have this on the ballot if they were not jumping ahead of mine,\" Szameit said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11659400\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11659400\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PasadenaMayor-800x608.jpg\" alt=\"Golden State Collective director Shaun Szameit (L) and Pasadena Mayor Terry Tornek discussed two ballot initiatives aiming to allow marijuana sales in the city, March 16, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"608\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PasadenaMayor-800x608.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PasadenaMayor-160x122.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PasadenaMayor-240x183.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PasadenaMayor-375x285.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PasadenaMayor-520x396.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/04/PasadenaMayor.jpg 873w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Golden State Collective director Shaun Szameit (L) and Pasadena Mayor Terry Tornek discussed two ballot initiatives aiming to allow marijuana sales in the city, March 16, 2018. \u003ccite>(David Wagner/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The city currently bans marijuana, but dispensary owners have been operating in Pasadena for years, arguing that state law gives them the right to provide medical marijuana to patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Szameit said the city's proposal would force him to shut down. Existing business owners would not be allowed to apply for one of the handful of city-issued licenses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But despite the possibility of going out of business, Szameit is reluctantly supporting the city's June initiative. He worries a \"no\" vote would give the city reason to continue its ban.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's unfortunate, because I don't see how I'm an illegal operator,\" Szamiet said. \"However, I do know, based on their ordinance, that I will be disqualified.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Szameit hopes his November ballot measure will still pass, loosening the restrictions set by the city's proposal. He argues it would create more tax revenue for the city -- $7 million annually. Mayor Tornek said those projections are speculative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those closely watching the rollout of legal pot in California and other states say what's happening in Pasadena follows a familiar pattern: Local officials are starting to realize that legal sales are coming to their city one way or another. The only question is how much they can control the growth of the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a balancing act,\" said Vanderbilt Law School professor and marijuana policy expert Robert Mikos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Especially in a place like California, where you have relatively easy access to ballot initiatives, lawmakers need to recognize that if they don't allow something to go through, the people can always go around them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And those voters may choose to welcome more businesses than local lawmakers would like.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly two-thirds of Pasadena voters supported Proposition 64, which legalized adult use of marijuana throughout the state. Mayor Tornek said he doesn't expect those voters to turn their backs on legalization now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm pretty confident the voters will approve [the city's proposal] in June,\" he said. \"And if the industry brings their proposal in November, I think it will be defeated.\"\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Orange County Faces Bitter Backlash Over Homeless Relocation Plans",
"title": "Orange County Faces Bitter Backlash Over Homeless Relocation Plans",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Patrick Hogan has never been able to rebound after losing his home during the financial crash 10 years ago. He worked temp agency jobs. But $10-an-hour jobs don't cut it in one of the most expensive corners of the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fortunately, I had friends I could stay with for a few months, but when they sold their home, that was it,\" Hogan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He ended up camping along with hundreds of others in a sprawling tent city in a dried-up riverbed. \"My experience has taught me one thing,\" Hogan says. \"The most discriminated group of people, at least in America, are the poor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hogan could easily be the poster child of the Southern California homelessness crisis. As housing costs skyrocket, and the income inequality gap widens, the problem has spread from more traditional enclaves like Los Angeles into affluent coastal areas in places like Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/597707663/597750754\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orange County is now under federal pressure to address what homeless advocates in court filings have called a humanitarian crisis. A federal judge agreed. The tent city along the Santa Ana River where Hogan once stayed was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11651208/orange-county-starts-clearing-river-encampments-issuing-motel-vouchers-to-homeless\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cleared a month ago\u003c/a>. The county was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11651602/orange-county-struggles-to-find-motels-to-house-riverbed-homeless\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ordered to pay for hotel vouchers\u003c/a> while new permanent shelters are found or built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those vouchers are set to expire this week and it's not clear where people will go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county's proposed plan to relocate homeless people from Santa Ana to temporary shelters on county land in more affluent coastal cities like Irvine and Huntington Beach drew well-organized protests. On Tuesday, chartered buses ferried hundreds of local residents to protest outside the Orange County Board of Supervisors meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They chanted \"No Tent City!\" and waved signs that read \"No Drugs Near Our Schools.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/KirkSiegler/status/978670529962958848\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Not all homeless people are bad but certain ones are,\" said Cheryl Nakano, of Irvine. \"It's just not safe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nakano said this wasn't a \"not in my backyard issue.\" She wants to see the county find a long-term solution to help the homeless: \"Not just dumping them in tent cities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some protesters also said tackling homelessness has never been a top political priority in Orange County, one of the richest and traditionally more politically conservative counties in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're all sorry,\" said Todd Spitzer, Orange County supervisor, at a public hearing Tuesday. \"We know we can do better, we're a smart county, we're an influential county, the nation is watching us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with protesters chanting outside, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11658250/orange-county-bows-to-pressure-abandons-plans-to-house-homeless\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the county voted to rescind its plans\u003c/a> — for now — to build three new emergency shelters. After the 4-0 vote, there was a chorus of boos mixing with loud applause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Housing is not a human right,\" said Arthur Shopper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearing a red \"Make America Great Again\" hat, Shopper spoke during a lengthy and often heated public comment period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Expecting the government to solve every single problem is precisely why we are in the mess we are right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supervisors did commit to fast-tracking spending of more than $50 million in previously unspent dollars to help the poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11658544\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11658544\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/siegler-homeless-encampment-2_wide-44ba3127ebe15352decd833fbc6c3005e9e5234a-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Orange County officials rescinded plans to establish three temporary shelters on county land near the ocean. Two blocks away from the hearing in Santa Ana, a sprawling homeless encampment remains in front of the courthouse.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orange County officials rescinded plans to establish three temporary shelters on county land near the ocean. Two blocks away from the hearing in Santa Ana, a sprawling homeless encampment remains in front of the courthouse. \u003ccite>(Kirk Siegler/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a few blocks from the hearing, a large homeless encampment of worn tents and blue tarps remained intact in front of the Santa Ana courthouse. A policeman in a nearby squad car monitored the camp. Nearby, an official temporary county shelter was open and bustling inside a converted bus terminal. Dozens of people slept on row after row of cots. Some of the shelter's residents had stacked up their backpacks and shopping carts full of their belongings outside the entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temporary shelter was first opened in November 2016, and county health officials say demand has quickly outpaced the space allotted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrick Hogan said he stayed there for a few nights, but it was too crowded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is the most disgraceful thing in a county like Orange County, one of the most affluent counties in the country,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hogan says he has recently been able to line up housing on his own, and he plans to move off the streets soon. It's safe to say many others here won't be as fortunate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+County+Faces+Bitter+Backlash+Over+Homeless+Relocation+Plans&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Patrick Hogan has never been able to rebound after losing his home during the financial crash 10 years ago. He worked temp agency jobs. But $10-an-hour jobs don't cut it in one of the most expensive corners of the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Fortunately, I had friends I could stay with for a few months, but when they sold their home, that was it,\" Hogan says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He ended up camping along with hundreds of others in a sprawling tent city in a dried-up riverbed. \"My experience has taught me one thing,\" Hogan says. \"The most discriminated group of people, at least in America, are the poor.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hogan could easily be the poster child of the Southern California homelessness crisis. As housing costs skyrocket, and the income inequality gap widens, the problem has spread from more traditional enclaves like Los Angeles into affluent coastal areas in places like Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/597707663/597750754\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Orange County is now under federal pressure to address what homeless advocates in court filings have called a humanitarian crisis. A federal judge agreed. The tent city along the Santa Ana River where Hogan once stayed was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11651208/orange-county-starts-clearing-river-encampments-issuing-motel-vouchers-to-homeless\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">cleared a month ago\u003c/a>. The county was \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11651602/orange-county-struggles-to-find-motels-to-house-riverbed-homeless\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">ordered to pay for hotel vouchers\u003c/a> while new permanent shelters are found or built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those vouchers are set to expire this week and it's not clear where people will go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The county's proposed plan to relocate homeless people from Santa Ana to temporary shelters on county land in more affluent coastal cities like Irvine and Huntington Beach drew well-organized protests. On Tuesday, chartered buses ferried hundreds of local residents to protest outside the Orange County Board of Supervisors meeting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They chanted \"No Tent City!\" and waved signs that read \"No Drugs Near Our Schools.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\"Not all homeless people are bad but certain ones are,\" said Cheryl Nakano, of Irvine. \"It's just not safe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nakano said this wasn't a \"not in my backyard issue.\" She wants to see the county find a long-term solution to help the homeless: \"Not just dumping them in tent cities.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some protesters also said tackling homelessness has never been a top political priority in Orange County, one of the richest and traditionally more politically conservative counties in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're all sorry,\" said Todd Spitzer, Orange County supervisor, at a public hearing Tuesday. \"We know we can do better, we're a smart county, we're an influential county, the nation is watching us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But with protesters chanting outside, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11658250/orange-county-bows-to-pressure-abandons-plans-to-house-homeless\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the county voted to rescind its plans\u003c/a> — for now — to build three new emergency shelters. After the 4-0 vote, there was a chorus of boos mixing with loud applause.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Housing is not a human right,\" said Arthur Shopper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wearing a red \"Make America Great Again\" hat, Shopper spoke during a lengthy and often heated public comment period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Expecting the government to solve every single problem is precisely why we are in the mess we are right now.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The supervisors did commit to fast-tracking spending of more than $50 million in previously unspent dollars to help the poor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11658544\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11658544\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/siegler-homeless-encampment-2_wide-44ba3127ebe15352decd833fbc6c3005e9e5234a-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Orange County officials rescinded plans to establish three temporary shelters on county land near the ocean. Two blocks away from the hearing in Santa Ana, a sprawling homeless encampment remains in front of the courthouse.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Orange County officials rescinded plans to establish three temporary shelters on county land near the ocean. Two blocks away from the hearing in Santa Ana, a sprawling homeless encampment remains in front of the courthouse. \u003ccite>(Kirk Siegler/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, a few blocks from the hearing, a large homeless encampment of worn tents and blue tarps remained intact in front of the Santa Ana courthouse. A policeman in a nearby squad car monitored the camp. Nearby, an official temporary county shelter was open and bustling inside a converted bus terminal. Dozens of people slept on row after row of cots. Some of the shelter's residents had stacked up their backpacks and shopping carts full of their belongings outside the entrance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The temporary shelter was first opened in November 2016, and county health officials say demand has quickly outpaced the space allotted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Patrick Hogan said he stayed there for a few nights, but it was too crowded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is the most disgraceful thing in a county like Orange County, one of the most affluent counties in the country,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hogan says he has recently been able to line up housing on his own, and he plans to move off the streets soon. It's safe to say many others here won't be as fortunate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+County+Faces+Bitter+Backlash+Over+Homeless+Relocation+Plans&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Wine, Nuts and Fruit Stand to Lose in a Trump Trade War With China",
"title": "California Wine, Nuts and Fruit Stand to Lose in a Trump Trade War With China",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>On Friday, China’s Commerce Ministry \u003ca href=\"http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/ae/ag/201803/20180302722664.shtml\">announced plans\u003c/a> to impose a 15 percent tariff on U.S. exports of wine, nut products and dried and fresh fruit in retaliation for U.S. tariffs on Chinese steel and aluminum, which the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/03/22/596058282/president-trump-orders-50-billion-tariffs-on-china\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">formally began the process of initiating\u003c/a> last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the California Farm Bureau Federation, China is the third-highest-valued destination for California agricultural products after the European Union and Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One industry that stands to lose the most: California’s wineries and wine grape growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. sold over \u003ca href=\"https://www.wineinstitute.org/resources/pressroom/02142017\">$180 million\u003c/a> in wine products to China and Hong Kong in 2016, with the vast majority coming from California. If California wine becomes more expensive for Chinese consumers, the industry could be edged out of a market it worked for years to cultivate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Growers are very anxious about losing market share in what has been the fastest-growing market for U.S. wine exports,” said John Aguirre, president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cawg.org/\">California Association of Winegrape Growers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once Chinese buyers replace U.S. wine, California wine, with other wine products, it’s very difficult to claw back that market share,” said Aguirre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the U.S. and California out of the ring, other countries would have the opportunity to move in. California’s wineries and wine grape growers would also have to identify new markets in which to sell their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another player that could stand to lose: California nut growers and processors. In 2016 alone, the state exported over \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/PDFs/AgExports2015-2016.pdf\">$1 billion\u003c/a> in pistachios and almonds to China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Matoian, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanpistachios.org/\">American Pistachio Growers\u003c/a>, said it’s too soon to know whether China’s tariffs will hurt California’s nut industry, and that some are waiting to see if the U.S. backtracks in the face of retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There seems to be some suggestion from the administration that they may rescind or greatly reduce the tariffs that are proposed on aluminum and steel if the Chinese government were to have some sort of concessions,” Matoian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the U.S. stock market rose as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/03/27/597222003/talks-ease-concerns-over-potential-trade-war-with-china\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fears of a possible trade war with China eased\u003c/a>. The two countries have begun talks aimed at avoiding tit-for-tat sanctions that could damage both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the Almond Board of California said that it is “monitoring for developments” and hopes “this issue may be resolved swiftly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing is perhaps predictable, as it has been in the past, with the Trump administration,” said Aguirre. “There may still be opportunity perhaps to back away or mitigate some of the worst consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On Friday, China’s Commerce Ministry \u003ca href=\"http://www.mofcom.gov.cn/article/ae/ag/201803/20180302722664.shtml\">announced plans\u003c/a> to impose a 15 percent tariff on U.S. exports of wine, nut products and dried and fresh fruit in retaliation for U.S. tariffs on Chinese steel and aluminum, which the Trump administration \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/03/22/596058282/president-trump-orders-50-billion-tariffs-on-china\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">formally began the process of initiating\u003c/a> last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the California Farm Bureau Federation, China is the third-highest-valued destination for California agricultural products after the European Union and Canada.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One industry that stands to lose the most: California’s wineries and wine grape growers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. sold over \u003ca href=\"https://www.wineinstitute.org/resources/pressroom/02142017\">$180 million\u003c/a> in wine products to China and Hong Kong in 2016, with the vast majority coming from California. If California wine becomes more expensive for Chinese consumers, the industry could be edged out of a market it worked for years to cultivate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Growers are very anxious about losing market share in what has been the fastest-growing market for U.S. wine exports,” said John Aguirre, president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cawg.org/\">California Association of Winegrape Growers\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Once Chinese buyers replace U.S. wine, California wine, with other wine products, it’s very difficult to claw back that market share,” said Aguirre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the U.S. and California out of the ring, other countries would have the opportunity to move in. California’s wineries and wine grape growers would also have to identify new markets in which to sell their products.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another player that could stand to lose: California nut growers and processors. In 2016 alone, the state exported over \u003ca href=\"https://www.cdfa.ca.gov/statistics/PDFs/AgExports2015-2016.pdf\">$1 billion\u003c/a> in pistachios and almonds to China.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Matoian, executive director of \u003ca href=\"http://www.americanpistachios.org/\">American Pistachio Growers\u003c/a>, said it’s too soon to know whether China’s tariffs will hurt California’s nut industry, and that some are waiting to see if the U.S. backtracks in the face of retaliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There seems to be some suggestion from the administration that they may rescind or greatly reduce the tariffs that are proposed on aluminum and steel if the Chinese government were to have some sort of concessions,” Matoian said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, the U.S. stock market rose as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2018/03/27/597222003/talks-ease-concerns-over-potential-trade-war-with-china\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">fears of a possible trade war with China eased\u003c/a>. The two countries have begun talks aimed at avoiding tit-for-tat sanctions that could damage both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a statement, the Almond Board of California said that it is “monitoring for developments” and hopes “this issue may be resolved swiftly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Nothing is perhaps predictable, as it has been in the past, with the Trump administration,” said Aguirre. “There may still be opportunity perhaps to back away or mitigate some of the worst consequences.”\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Orange County Bows to Pressure, Abandons Plans to House Homeless",
"title": "Orange County Bows to Pressure, Abandons Plans to House Homeless",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>At an emotional and jampacked meeting Tuesday, Orange County supervisors voted to reverse course on a homeless housing plan they passed just last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan would have paved the way for \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2018/03/20/81793/homeless-shelters-could-open-in-irvine-huntington/\">potential homeless housing in Irvine, Huntington Beach and Laguna Niguel\u003c/a>, but Supervisors Lisa Bartlett and Michelle Steel announced they no longer supported it, citing public safety and health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three cities had \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2018/03/21/81823/orange-county-cities-threaten-lawsuits-over-planne/\">threatened legal action\u003c/a> over the measure. And in Irvine, where the plan called for an emergency shelter with beds for 200 people on a piece of county land zoned for homeless housing, \u003ca href=\"http://voiceofoc.org/2018/03/hundreds-protest-irvine-homeless-shelter-supervisors-start-addressing-concerns/\">hundreds of residents turned out to protest\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hours of combative comment from politicians, homeless advocates and residents on Tuesday, the board voted 4-0 to rescind last week's action. Chairman Andrew Do was not present.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Objections\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"No one wants to have or host this difficult population,\" Supervisor Shawn Nelson said. \"Who's willing to step up?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing room in Santa Ana was at capacity with more than 200 people, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocregister.com/2018/03/27/hundreds-protest-homeless-sanctuary-city-law-outside-orange-county-board-of-supervisors-meeting/\">with hundreds more protesting outside the event\u003c/a>, including both those opposed to the housing sites and in support of more housing for the homeless in Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/jeffgritchen/status/978738047616339969\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayors of Irvine and Laguna Niguel, two of the cities slated for possible homeless housing under the old plan, spoke forcefully in support of scraping the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This plan needs to be killed now,\" Laguna Niguel Mayor Elaine Gennawey said, citing her concerns about public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irvine Mayor Don Wagner spoke against the site approved in his city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is not a place fit for human habitation,\" he told the board, saying chemical contamination and a lack of infrastructure such as running water make it untenable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congressman Dana Rohrabacher also objected to last week's measure, suggesting the homeless housing would be a magnet drawing drug addicts and alcoholics to Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resistance from Irvine was particularly fierce at the meeting, with several residents expressing opposition to the proposed site.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Unsolved Crisis\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The decision comes after Orange County \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11651208/orange-county-starts-clearing-river-encampments-issuing-motel-vouchers-to-homeless\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evicted hundreds of homeless people living along the Santa Ana riverbed\u003c/a> in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tent city, near Anaheim's ARTIC transit center and Angel Stadium, was a striking reminder of the extent of homelessness in one of America's wealthiest counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11658257\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11658257\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-800x519.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless encampment made of tents and tarps lines the Santa Ana riverbed near Angel Stadium in Anaheim on Jan. 25, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-800x519.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-1020x662.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-1180x766.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-960x623.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-240x156.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-375x243.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-520x337.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless encampment made of tents and tarps lines the Santa Ana riverbed near Angel Stadium in Anaheim on Jan. 25, 2018. \u003ccite>(ROBYN BECK/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of those removed from the riverbed were temporarily placed in motels, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11656586/some-orange-county-homeless-could-get-extended-motel-stays\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">many for longer than the 30 days originally planned for\u003c/a>. The county is under pressure from U.S. District Court Judge David Carter to find beds in shelters, substance abuse programs and rehab facilities to house them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday's vote will not resolve Orange County's homelessness crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sunday, Judge Carter wrote in a court filing that \"this County remains desperately in need of additional emergency shelter resources, and the Court remains concerned about the County’s ability to meet its promise to provide 'appropriate resources' to individuals at the end of their 30-day motel stays.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further complicating the situation, Orange County plans to remove approximately 200 homeless people living in the Santa Ana Civic Center starting April 2. Carter has said he expects the county to find shelter for them, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter has also invited the mayors and city managers of Orange County's 34 cities to discuss long-term solutions to the homeless crisis in Orange County on April 3.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "At an emotional and jampacked meeting Tuesday, Orange County supervisors voted to reverse course on a homeless housing plan they passed just last week.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>At an emotional and jampacked meeting Tuesday, Orange County supervisors voted to reverse course on a homeless housing plan they passed just last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan would have paved the way for \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2018/03/20/81793/homeless-shelters-could-open-in-irvine-huntington/\">potential homeless housing in Irvine, Huntington Beach and Laguna Niguel\u003c/a>, but Supervisors Lisa Bartlett and Michelle Steel announced they no longer supported it, citing public safety and health.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All three cities had \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2018/03/21/81823/orange-county-cities-threaten-lawsuits-over-planne/\">threatened legal action\u003c/a> over the measure. And in Irvine, where the plan called for an emergency shelter with beds for 200 people on a piece of county land zoned for homeless housing, \u003ca href=\"http://voiceofoc.org/2018/03/hundreds-protest-irvine-homeless-shelter-supervisors-start-addressing-concerns/\">hundreds of residents turned out to protest\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After hours of combative comment from politicians, homeless advocates and residents on Tuesday, the board voted 4-0 to rescind last week's action. Chairman Andrew Do was not present.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Objections\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\"No one wants to have or host this difficult population,\" Supervisor Shawn Nelson said. \"Who's willing to step up?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The hearing room in Santa Ana was at capacity with more than 200 people, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ocregister.com/2018/03/27/hundreds-protest-homeless-sanctuary-city-law-outside-orange-county-board-of-supervisors-meeting/\">with hundreds more protesting outside the event\u003c/a>, including both those opposed to the housing sites and in support of more housing for the homeless in Orange County.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The mayors of Irvine and Laguna Niguel, two of the cities slated for possible homeless housing under the old plan, spoke forcefully in support of scraping the measure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This plan needs to be killed now,\" Laguna Niguel Mayor Elaine Gennawey said, citing her concerns about public safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Irvine Mayor Don Wagner spoke against the site approved in his city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is not a place fit for human habitation,\" he told the board, saying chemical contamination and a lack of infrastructure such as running water make it untenable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Congressman Dana Rohrabacher also objected to last week's measure, suggesting the homeless housing would be a magnet drawing drug addicts and alcoholics to Orange County.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Resistance from Irvine was particularly fierce at the meeting, with several residents expressing opposition to the proposed site.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The Unsolved Crisis\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The decision comes after Orange County \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11651208/orange-county-starts-clearing-river-encampments-issuing-motel-vouchers-to-homeless\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">evicted hundreds of homeless people living along the Santa Ana riverbed\u003c/a> in February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tent city, near Anaheim's ARTIC transit center and Angel Stadium, was a striking reminder of the extent of homelessness in one of America's wealthiest counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11658257\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11658257\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-800x519.jpg\" alt=\"A homeless encampment made of tents and tarps lines the Santa Ana riverbed near Angel Stadium in Anaheim on Jan. 25, 2018.\" width=\"800\" height=\"519\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-800x519.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-1020x662.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-1180x766.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-960x623.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-240x156.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-375x243.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/OCHomelessRiverbed-520x337.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A homeless encampment made of tents and tarps lines the Santa Ana riverbed near Angel Stadium in Anaheim on Jan. 25, 2018. \u003ccite>(ROBYN BECK/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hundreds of those removed from the riverbed were temporarily placed in motels, \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11656586/some-orange-county-homeless-could-get-extended-motel-stays\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">many for longer than the 30 days originally planned for\u003c/a>. The county is under pressure from U.S. District Court Judge David Carter to find beds in shelters, substance abuse programs and rehab facilities to house them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday's vote will not resolve Orange County's homelessness crisis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Sunday, Judge Carter wrote in a court filing that \"this County remains desperately in need of additional emergency shelter resources, and the Court remains concerned about the County’s ability to meet its promise to provide 'appropriate resources' to individuals at the end of their 30-day motel stays.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Further complicating the situation, Orange County plans to remove approximately 200 homeless people living in the Santa Ana Civic Center starting April 2. Carter has said he expects the county to find shelter for them, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Carter has also invited the mayors and city managers of Orange County's 34 cities to discuss long-term solutions to the homeless crisis in Orange County on April 3.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Some California Marijuana Businesses Struggle to Play by New Rules",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you type the numbers “420” into a Craigslist search, the site populates with scores of illegal marijuana delivery services. You get similar results by visiting \u003ca href=\"https://weedmaps.com/\">Weedmaps.com\u003c/a>, which is like Yelp for cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.canorml.org/news/what_will_be_legal_and_what_wont_after_Prop_64\">legalization law\u003c/a>, cannabis businesses must display a state license number on any public advertisement. The state of California has approved more than 4,000 marijuana businesses since Jan. 1, when the sale of recreational cannabis became legal. But many more are still operating without a license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state sent cease-and-desist letters to hundreds of businesses in February, telling them to get licensed or possibly face civil and criminal penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weedmaps also received a cease-and-desist letter, but the Irvine-based company refused to stop. It argues that its online marketplace isn’t subject to the same rules as the cannabis businesses that advertise there. The bureau says it went after Weedmaps because it’s the largest online marketplace for cannabis, and might crack down on Craigslist next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11658067\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11658067\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CannabisControlBureau-800x513.jpg\" alt=\"The state Bureau of Cannabis Control is located in Rancho Cordova.\" width=\"800\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CannabisControlBureau.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CannabisControlBureau-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CannabisControlBureau-240x154.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CannabisControlBureau-375x240.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CannabisControlBureau-520x333.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The state Bureau of Cannabis Control is located in Rancho Cordova. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Allen Young)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of business models that don’t quite work under the statute now. So I think it’s working with these businesses to see how we can get people into compliance,” said Lori Ajax, chief of the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcc.ca.gov/\">Bureau of Cannabis Control\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ajax said the state hasn’t determined when it will begin levying fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Macai Polanksy is the president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/pg/CCCAdelivers/posts/\">Cannabis Courier Association,\u003c/a> a small trade group that represents Sacramento marijuana delivery companies. Several members of the group were advertising on Weedmaps — all of them are now working to become licensed. After he received a cease-and-desist letter, Polanksy and his partners shut down their medical marijuana delivery business. Polansky said he feels unfairly targeted because he’s trying to play by the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the people in the industry got into it because they are passionate about the plant and not because they are super savvy business people,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11658264\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11658264\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-800x638.jpg\" alt=\"Lori Ajax leads the state Bureau of Cannabis Control.\" width=\"800\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-800x638.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-1020x814.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-1180x942.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-960x766.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-240x192.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-375x299.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-520x415.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lori Ajax leads the state Bureau of Cannabis Control. \u003ccite>(John Carr/Dept. of Alcoholic Beverage Control)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Polanksy is developing a new business model, one he hopes will pass muster with the state. To get licensed under the new rules, he needs a storefront, security and ventilation systems, all of which cost tens of thousands of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not the only challenge faced by businesses that are trying to become legitimate. Depending on the jurisdiction, the processing time for a local license takes up to nine months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Polanksy is losing money and living off his personal savings. Instead of making threats, he wishes government officials would do more to help people in his position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said if government officials “really were concerned about getting us into compliance, they would give us a path toward that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Traverso, a spokesman for the bureau, said the state has tried to help businesses become permitted by holding workshops across California to raise awareness about the new law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the black market continues to thrive. Business owners like Polanksy are undercut by others who don’t care to follow the rules — and who can still advertise on Weedmaps and Craigslist.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you type the numbers “420” into a Craigslist search, the site populates with scores of illegal marijuana delivery services. You get similar results by visiting \u003ca href=\"https://weedmaps.com/\">Weedmaps.com\u003c/a>, which is like Yelp for cannabis.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under California’s \u003ca href=\"http://www.canorml.org/news/what_will_be_legal_and_what_wont_after_Prop_64\">legalization law\u003c/a>, cannabis businesses must display a state license number on any public advertisement. The state of California has approved more than 4,000 marijuana businesses since Jan. 1, when the sale of recreational cannabis became legal. But many more are still operating without a license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state sent cease-and-desist letters to hundreds of businesses in February, telling them to get licensed or possibly face civil and criminal penalties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Weedmaps also received a cease-and-desist letter, but the Irvine-based company refused to stop. It argues that its online marketplace isn’t subject to the same rules as the cannabis businesses that advertise there. The bureau says it went after Weedmaps because it’s the largest online marketplace for cannabis, and might crack down on Craigslist next.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11658067\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11658067\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CannabisControlBureau-800x513.jpg\" alt=\"The state Bureau of Cannabis Control is located in Rancho Cordova.\" width=\"800\" height=\"513\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CannabisControlBureau.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CannabisControlBureau-160x103.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CannabisControlBureau-240x154.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CannabisControlBureau-375x240.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/CannabisControlBureau-520x333.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The state Bureau of Cannabis Control is located in Rancho Cordova. \u003ccite>(Courtesy Allen Young)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>“There’s a lot of business models that don’t quite work under the statute now. So I think it’s working with these businesses to see how we can get people into compliance,” said Lori Ajax, chief of the state \u003ca href=\"http://www.bcc.ca.gov/\">Bureau of Cannabis Control\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ajax said the state hasn’t determined when it will begin levying fines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Macai Polanksy is the president of the \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/pg/CCCAdelivers/posts/\">Cannabis Courier Association,\u003c/a> a small trade group that represents Sacramento marijuana delivery companies. Several members of the group were advertising on Weedmaps — all of them are now working to become licensed. After he received a cease-and-desist letter, Polanksy and his partners shut down their medical marijuana delivery business. Polansky said he feels unfairly targeted because he’s trying to play by the rules.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the people in the industry got into it because they are passionate about the plant and not because they are super savvy business people,” he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11658264\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11658264\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-800x638.jpg\" alt=\"Lori Ajax leads the state Bureau of Cannabis Control.\" width=\"800\" height=\"638\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-800x638.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-160x128.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-1020x814.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-1180x942.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-960x766.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-240x192.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-375x299.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax-520x415.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/LoriAjax.jpg 1500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lori Ajax leads the state Bureau of Cannabis Control. \u003ccite>(John Carr/Dept. of Alcoholic Beverage Control)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Polanksy is developing a new business model, one he hopes will pass muster with the state. To get licensed under the new rules, he needs a storefront, security and ventilation systems, all of which cost tens of thousands of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s not the only challenge faced by businesses that are trying to become legitimate. Depending on the jurisdiction, the processing time for a local license takes up to nine months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Polanksy is losing money and living off his personal savings. Instead of making threats, he wishes government officials would do more to help people in his position.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He said if government officials “really were concerned about getting us into compliance, they would give us a path toward that.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alex Traverso, a spokesman for the bureau, said the state has tried to help businesses become permitted by holding workshops across California to raise awareness about the new law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the black market continues to thrive. Business owners like Polanksy are undercut by others who don’t care to follow the rules — and who can still advertise on Weedmaps and Craigslist.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>ChapStick, Viagra and dandruff shampoo. These are just three of the thousands of health and personal care items that are exempt from sales tax in many U.S. states. Notably missing from that list: menstrual products. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, nine states have exempted menstrual products from their sales tax, and seven have introduced legislation aimed at doing the same. Three of the seven — Nebraska, Virginia and Arizona — introduced their legislation this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her recently published book, \u003ca href=\"http://arcadepub.com/arcadepub/arcadepub/titles/12593-9781628727975-periods-gone-public\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">“Periods Gone Public”\u003c/a>, Jennifer Weiss-Wolf chronicles what she calls a lack of “period equity.” Managing menstruation “is a critical aspect of the lives and civic participation of more than half the population,” and should be considered when making policy, she writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A large part of her advocacy has focused on fighting against what’s known as the “tampon tax.” It’s just one example of women paying a premium for various products, a phenomenon known as the “pink tax.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there is no specific tax on tampons, in states that don’t tax medical and health supplies, tampons are excluded from those tax-exempt categories. Hence the term “tampon tax.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Weiss-Wolf, the tampon tax was a natural starting place for her advocacy. She began working on the issue of period equity at the beginning of 2015, and the following year she teamed up with Laura Strausfeld, a lawyer looking to combat the tampon tax. Together they formed the aptly named Period Equity, an organization that works on legal cases and legislation across the country meant to combat the tampon tax. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Period Equity’s most recent undertaking was a public service ad starring celebrity Amber Rose, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VLJ5LzYFKNY\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">released on YouTube\u003c/a>. Rose, clad in a provocative black dress, carefully strokes a diamond pendent and opens the charm to reveal a single tampon. “Where else would you keep something 36 states tax as a luxury?” the voice-over asks in an unabashed tone. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VLJ5LzYFKNY\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Minnesota, Illinois, Pennsylvania, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/05/16/477937470/new-york-aims-to-become-the-next-state-to-toss-the-tampon-tax\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">New York\u003c/a>, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Jersey, Connecticut and Florida have all outlawed the tampon tax. Four of the states — New York, Illinois, Connecticut and Florida — have made this change just in the last two years. They are the early adopters of a policy change that seems to get more popular each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one company has taken on this issue head on. Boxed, an online bulk shopping company, introduced its \u003ca href=\"https://www.boxed.com/rethinkpink/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">#RethinkPink\u003c/a> initiative, offering a discount on menstrual products to offset states sales taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the company stands to gain customers from this initiative. If more women choose to shop with Boxed because of the discounts, they end up buying other goods on its website, making up for the initial loss in revenue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11657898\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Tampon-Tax-Map.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Tampon-Tax-Map-800x559.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"559\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11657898\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Tampon-Tax-Map-800x559.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Tampon-Tax-Map-160x112.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Tampon-Tax-Map-240x168.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Tampon-Tax-Map-375x262.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Tampon-Tax-Map-520x364.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Tampon-Tax-Map.png 858w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: \u003ca href=\"https://taxfoundation.org/tampon-taxes-sales-tax\">Tax Foundation\u003c/a>, NPR research \u003ccite>(Credit: Brittany Mayes and Ema Sagner/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nitasha Mehta is the head of vendor marketing for the company and lobbies around the country, including Nevada and Ohio, where she testified in support of anti-tampon-tax bills. “There is a trend starting to occur,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Ohio, state Rep. Brigid Kelly, a Democrat, recently earned a major win for the legislation in a Republican-dominated statehouse. Her bill, which would exempt feminine hygiene products from the state sales tax, was introduced in February 2017 and given a second hearing last fall. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were so happy,” she says. “This is a very simple practical thing that we can do in order to make necessary medical products more accessible to women in our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly says she received help from lawmakers in other states, including New York and California, that dealt with similar legislation. One main talking point among many of these fights across the country is how much of an impact this change could make for low-income women. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sales tax on these items does not amount to much,” Kelly says. “But when you’re trying to figure out if you can give your kid milk money or if you have enough to get your own lunch then it is impactful in a very significant way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She acknowledges it’s not a comfortable topic for discussion with her male colleagues. Kelly says they’ve been professional, but “it’s definitely not something they are eager to discuss over the lunch table.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some states the bill was circulated but not passed or signed. California Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11086948/gov-brown-vetoes-attempt-to-waive-tampon-tax\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">refused to sign\u003c/a> the measure on the grounds that the state couldn’t afford to lose revenue. In her new book about period equity, Weiss-Wolf estimates the revenue from menstrual products can range from “$1 million in Utah to $20 million in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times they don’t want to pass it because it’s a budget issue … they’re in debt,” Boxed’s Mehta says. But, she says, “ultimately by saving women money on these items hopefully they will spend it on other items and have more disposable income.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Nevada, \u003ca href=\"https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/79th2017/Bill/5489/Overview#\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a version passed\u003c/a> last year is awaiting approval by the state’s voters in a referendum scheduled for this November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar legislation was introduced last year in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/03/06/467377295/citing-gender-bias-state-lawmakers-move-to-eliminate-tampon-tax\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wisconsin\u003c/a>, where it is \u003ca href=\"https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2017/related/proposals/ab683\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">awaiting a hearing.\u003c/a> And so far in 2018, three more states have introduced anti-tampon tax legislation: \u003ca href=\"http://journalstar.com/legislature/nebraska-bill-would-exempt-feminine-hygiene-products-from-tax/article_cbd64a43-c1ac-5820-a210-a94d29f07d10.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nebraska\u003c/a>,\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/social-issues/virginia-lawmakers-push-to-make-menstrual-products-more-affordable-available/2018/01/22/b60346ee-f7b7-11e7-a9e3-ab18ce41436a_story.html?utm_term=.58d7817946e2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"> Virginia\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.12news.com/article/news/local/arizona/tampon-tax-cut-arizona-house-panel-oks-sales-tax-cut-for-diapers-tampons/75-511302086\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Arizona\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The tampon tax is an obvious example of unfair gender discrimination,” says Virginia Delegate Kaye Kory, a Democrat. “It doesn’t make sense.” Kory’s bill to end the tampon tax did not get a hearing in the legislative session that ended this month, but she plans to reintroduce it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The pink tax\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is another seemingly unfair “tax” targeted at women: the pink tax. It’s actually not a tax at all, but a charge tacked onto many women’s products. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2015 study by the New York Department of Consumer Affairs compared \u003ca href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/dca/downloads/pdf/partners/Study-of-Gender-Pricing-in-NYC.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">nearly 800 retail items\u003c/a> from more than 90 brands ranging from children’s toys to deodorant, specifically in search of potential gendered pricing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For any given product, the “women’s” version costs an average of 7 percent more than similar products for men, the study found. Of the 35 product categories tested, only five did not price higher for the women’s version. Personal care products topped the list at an average of 13 percent more for women. Even something as universal as a bike helmet at Target cost $14.99 with sharks on it and $27.99 with unicorns on it, according to the 2015 study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some industry officials push back against these claims. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Retailers see women as their biggest target,” Ted Potrikus, CEO of the Retail Council of New York State, told \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2017/03/27/pink-tax-forces-women-pay-more-than-men/99462846/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">USA Today\u003c/a>. “Research and development, following trends, meeting trends, advertising products on television and in magazines are not cheap.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other advocates say this is a misguided approach to advertising women’s products and may be due to women’s underrepresentation in the advertising field. Although women have been a part of advertising since its conception, The New York Times reported that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/02/business/media/for-women-in-advertising-its-still-a-mad-men-world.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">only 11 percent\u003c/a> of creative directors are women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example of this would be the old advertising strategy “shrink it and pink it.” This phrase refers to the popular marketing strategy of taking a men’s or gender-neutral product, reducing the size of the packaging, and turning the bottle pink to target women, and then charging the same price or more than the comparable product. Although this idea may seem arcane, there is evidence to suggest some manufactures \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-end-of-shrink-it-or-pink-it-a-history-of-advertisers-missing-the-mark-with-women/2016/06/08/3bcb1832-28e9-11e6-ae4a-3cdd5fe74204_story.html?utm_term=.0bb409780cb7\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">are still doing it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this discriminatory pricing also applies to services, advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I find it offensive,” says Rep. Jackie Speier, D-Calif., who has a long history of standing up for women’s economic rights. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1995, Speier, a state representative in California at the time, led the historic successful push in the state to outlaw \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1995-10-14/news/mn-56735_1_gender-based-pricing\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">discriminatory pricing\u003c/a> for haircuts, dry cleaning, car repairs and other services based on gender. Now she aims to do the same at the federal level, with a bill tentatively titled the Pink Tax Repeal Act. This bill, which she plans to introduce in the U.S. House later this year, will aim to restrict discriminatory pricing of services as well as goods. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says many of her colleagues in the House didn’t know such a disparity exists. “People are just astonished,” she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passing the legislation in the current political climate will be difficult, she concedes. But if it passes, she says, the bill would provide wide-reaching authority to combat the pink tax. “It allows the state attorneys general to bring civil actions on behalf of the residents of the state to compel compliance,” in addition to the standard enforcement abilities of the Federal Trade Commission, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big lift to get it to move in this Congress,” she says. “But I think it’s important to roll it out, and it’s important to have a discussion about it.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2018 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>ChapStick, Viagra and dandruff shampoo. These are just three of the thousands of health and personal care items that are exempt from sales tax in many U.S. states. Notably missing from that list: menstrual products. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, nine states have exempted menstrual products from their sales tax, and seven have introduced legislation aimed at doing the same. Three of the seven — Nebraska, Virginia and Arizona — introduced their legislation this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In her recently published book, \u003ca href=\"http://arcadepub.com/arcadepub/arcadepub/titles/12593-9781628727975-periods-gone-public\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">“Periods Gone Public”\u003c/a>, Jennifer Weiss-Wolf chronicles what she calls a lack of “period equity.” Managing menstruation “is a critical aspect of the lives and civic participation of more than half the population,” and should be considered when making policy, she writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A large part of her advocacy has focused on fighting against what’s known as the “tampon tax.” It’s just one example of women paying a premium for various products, a phenomenon known as the “pink tax.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While there is no specific tax on tampons, in states that don’t tax medical and health supplies, tampons are excluded from those tax-exempt categories. Hence the term “tampon tax.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Weiss-Wolf, the tampon tax was a natural starting place for her advocacy. She began working on the issue of period equity at the beginning of 2015, and the following year she teamed up with Laura Strausfeld, a lawyer looking to combat the tampon tax. Together they formed the aptly named Period Equity, an organization that works on legal cases and legislation across the country meant to combat the tampon tax. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Period Equity’s most recent undertaking was a public service ad starring celebrity Amber Rose, which was \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VLJ5LzYFKNY\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">released on YouTube\u003c/a>. Rose, clad in a provocative black dress, carefully strokes a diamond pendent and opens the charm to reveal a single tampon. “Where else would you keep something 36 states tax as a luxury?” the voice-over asks in an unabashed tone. \u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/VLJ5LzYFKNY'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/VLJ5LzYFKNY'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>Minnesota, Illinois, Pennsylvania, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/05/16/477937470/new-york-aims-to-become-the-next-state-to-toss-the-tampon-tax\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">New York\u003c/a>, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Jersey, Connecticut and Florida have all outlawed the tampon tax. Four of the states — New York, Illinois, Connecticut and Florida — have made this change just in the last two years. They are the early adopters of a policy change that seems to get more popular each day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one company has taken on this issue head on. Boxed, an online bulk shopping company, introduced its \u003ca href=\"https://www.boxed.com/rethinkpink/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">#RethinkPink\u003c/a> initiative, offering a discount on menstrual products to offset states sales taxes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course, the company stands to gain customers from this initiative. If more women choose to shop with Boxed because of the discounts, they end up buying other goods on its website, making up for the initial loss in revenue. \u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11657898\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Tampon-Tax-Map.png\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Tampon-Tax-Map-800x559.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"559\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11657898\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Tampon-Tax-Map-800x559.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Tampon-Tax-Map-160x112.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Tampon-Tax-Map-240x168.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Tampon-Tax-Map-375x262.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Tampon-Tax-Map-520x364.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/03/Tampon-Tax-Map.png 858w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: \u003ca href=\"https://taxfoundation.org/tampon-taxes-sales-tax\">Tax Foundation\u003c/a>, NPR research \u003ccite>(Credit: Brittany Mayes and Ema Sagner/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nitasha Mehta is the head of vendor marketing for the company and lobbies around the country, including Nevada and Ohio, where she testified in support of anti-tampon-tax bills. “There is a trend starting to occur,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Ohio, state Rep. Brigid Kelly, a Democrat, recently earned a major win for the legislation in a Republican-dominated statehouse. Her bill, which would exempt feminine hygiene products from the state sales tax, was introduced in February 2017 and given a second hearing last fall. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were so happy,” she says. “This is a very simple practical thing that we can do in order to make necessary medical products more accessible to women in our community.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly says she received help from lawmakers in other states, including New York and California, that dealt with similar legislation. One main talking point among many of these fights across the country is how much of an impact this change could make for low-income women. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The sales tax on these items does not amount to much,” Kelly says. “But when you’re trying to figure out if you can give your kid milk money or if you have enough to get your own lunch then it is impactful in a very significant way.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She acknowledges it’s not a comfortable topic for discussion with her male colleagues. Kelly says they’ve been professional, but “it’s definitely not something they are eager to discuss over the lunch table.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In some states the bill was circulated but not passed or signed. California Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11086948/gov-brown-vetoes-attempt-to-waive-tampon-tax\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">refused to sign\u003c/a> the measure on the grounds that the state couldn’t afford to lose revenue. In her new book about period equity, Weiss-Wolf estimates the revenue from menstrual products can range from “$1 million in Utah to $20 million in California.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“A lot of times they don’t want to pass it because it’s a budget issue … they’re in debt,” Boxed’s Mehta says. But, she says, “ultimately by saving women money on these items hopefully they will spend it on other items and have more disposable income.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Nevada, \u003ca href=\"https://www.leg.state.nv.us/App/NELIS/REL/79th2017/Bill/5489/Overview#\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">a version passed\u003c/a> last year is awaiting approval by the state’s voters in a referendum scheduled for this November.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar legislation was introduced last year in \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/03/06/467377295/citing-gender-bias-state-lawmakers-move-to-eliminate-tampon-tax\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wisconsin\u003c/a>, where it is \u003ca href=\"https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2017/related/proposals/ab683\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">awaiting a hearing.\u003c/a> And so far in 2018, three more states have introduced anti-tampon tax legislation: \u003ca href=\"http://journalstar.com/legislature/nebraska-bill-would-exempt-feminine-hygiene-products-from-tax/article_cbd64a43-c1ac-5820-a210-a94d29f07d10.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Nebraska\u003c/a>,\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/social-issues/virginia-lawmakers-push-to-make-menstrual-products-more-affordable-available/2018/01/22/b60346ee-f7b7-11e7-a9e3-ab18ce41436a_story.html?utm_term=.58d7817946e2\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"> Virginia\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.12news.com/article/news/local/arizona/tampon-tax-cut-arizona-house-panel-oks-sales-tax-cut-for-diapers-tampons/75-511302086\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Arizona\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The tampon tax is an obvious example of unfair gender discrimination,” says Virginia Delegate Kaye Kory, a Democrat. “It doesn’t make sense.” Kory’s bill to end the tampon tax did not get a hearing in the legislative session that ended this month, but she plans to reintroduce it. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>The pink tax\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is another seemingly unfair “tax” targeted at women: the pink tax. It’s actually not a tax at all, but a charge tacked onto many women’s products. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A 2015 study by the New York Department of Consumer Affairs compared \u003ca href=\"https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/dca/downloads/pdf/partners/Study-of-Gender-Pricing-in-NYC.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">nearly 800 retail items\u003c/a> from more than 90 brands ranging from children’s toys to deodorant, specifically in search of potential gendered pricing. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For any given product, the “women’s” version costs an average of 7 percent more than similar products for men, the study found. Of the 35 product categories tested, only five did not price higher for the women’s version. Personal care products topped the list at an average of 13 percent more for women. Even something as universal as a bike helmet at Target cost $14.99 with sharks on it and $27.99 with unicorns on it, according to the 2015 study.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some industry officials push back against these claims. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Retailers see women as their biggest target,” Ted Potrikus, CEO of the Retail Council of New York State, told \u003ca href=\"https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2017/03/27/pink-tax-forces-women-pay-more-than-men/99462846/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">USA Today\u003c/a>. “Research and development, following trends, meeting trends, advertising products on television and in magazines are not cheap.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But other advocates say this is a misguided approach to advertising women’s products and may be due to women’s underrepresentation in the advertising field. Although women have been a part of advertising since its conception, The New York Times reported that \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/02/business/media/for-women-in-advertising-its-still-a-mad-men-world.html\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">only 11 percent\u003c/a> of creative directors are women.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One example of this would be the old advertising strategy “shrink it and pink it.” This phrase refers to the popular marketing strategy of taking a men’s or gender-neutral product, reducing the size of the packaging, and turning the bottle pink to target women, and then charging the same price or more than the comparable product. Although this idea may seem arcane, there is evidence to suggest some manufactures \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/the-end-of-shrink-it-or-pink-it-a-history-of-advertisers-missing-the-mark-with-women/2016/06/08/3bcb1832-28e9-11e6-ae4a-3cdd5fe74204_story.html?utm_term=.0bb409780cb7\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">are still doing it\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this discriminatory pricing also applies to services, advocates say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I find it offensive,” says Rep. Jackie Speier, D-Calif., who has a long history of standing up for women’s economic rights. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1995, Speier, a state representative in California at the time, led the historic successful push in the state to outlaw \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1995-10-14/news/mn-56735_1_gender-based-pricing\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">discriminatory pricing\u003c/a> for haircuts, dry cleaning, car repairs and other services based on gender. Now she aims to do the same at the federal level, with a bill tentatively titled the Pink Tax Repeal Act. This bill, which she plans to introduce in the U.S. House later this year, will aim to restrict discriminatory pricing of services as well as goods. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She says many of her colleagues in the House didn’t know such a disparity exists. “People are just astonished,” she says. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passing the legislation in the current political climate will be difficult, she concedes. But if it passes, she says, the bill would provide wide-reaching authority to combat the pink tax. “It allows the state attorneys general to bring civil actions on behalf of the residents of the state to compel compliance,” in addition to the standard enforcement abilities of the Federal Trade Commission, she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a big lift to get it to move in this Congress,” she says. “But I think it’s important to roll it out, and it’s important to have a discussion about it.” \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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},
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},
"perspectives": {
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"order": 14
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
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"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.possible.fm/",
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"source": "Possible"
},
"link": "/radio/program/possible",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/730YpdUSNlMyPQwNnyjp4k"
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},
"pri-the-world": {
"id": "pri-the-world",
"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
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