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"content": "\u003cp>A woman protesting the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline who was wounded earlier this week might lose her arm as a result of the injury, her family says. Sophia Wilansky’s injury is the most gruesome to date of the months-long standoff at Standing Rock, N.D. [contextly_sidebar id=”XAgkg28oYedqvyTdjhliHTXeOv2zGFje”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The doctor just said she may need as many as 20 surgeries over very many months to have any hope of saving her arm and her hand,” Wilansky’s father, Wayne Wilansky, told a group of reporters outside a Minneapolis hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police and protesters — who call themselves water protectors — have very different explanations for how Sophia Wilansky was injured early Monday morning. Protesters say she was struck by a police weapon; police suggest she might have been involved in an explosion caused by protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both sides agree that the overnight protest got tense, but that’s where any agreement ends,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/23/503108890/protester-could-lose-her-arm-after-being-injured-in-n-d-pipeline-protests\">reports Amy Sisk\u003c/a>, a journalist with the public media collaboration Inside Energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/503120449/503121979\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sisk, who has been reporting on the protest for NPR for months, says the clash on Sunday night saw 400 protesters and police facing off over a bridge that had been closed by authorities, blocking access to the pipeline construction site:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“As protesters took to the bridge, police deployed tear gas and sponge bullets. They also sprayed water on demonstrators while the temperature was below freezing, sparking concerns about hypothermia. Protest leaders report numerous injuries requiring hospitalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Linda Black Elk is a medic at the protesters’ camp. ‘It seems like with every action with every conflict that takes place they escalate their violent tactics by using some new type of weaponry,’ [she says].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rob Keller with the Morton County Sheriff’s Department says protesters refused to obey police orders, and some pelted officers with rocks. He defends police crowd control methods:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>” ‘Had they not been utilized, that line would probably have been overrun and we’d have a worse situation than we have now.’ “\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Protesters say police threw a concussion grenade that hit 21-year-old Wilansky and caused her injury. Wilansky’s father \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/7fe0b7af0704467eac22b76244ac1982/Pipeline-protester-seriously-injured;-conflicting-accounts\">told The Associated Press\u003c/a> that there were multiple witnesses — “and my daughter, who was completely conscious, said they threw a grenade right at her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police say they did not use any equipment that could have caused Wilansky’s injury. A statement from the sheriff’s office said propane tanks were recovered at the site and suggested demonstrators might have been intentionally puncturing them to rig them to explode, the AP reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one was arrested for making explosives, a sheriff’s spokeswoman \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-dakota-access-pipeline-protests-20161121-story.html\">told the L.A. Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protests at Standing Rock are “likely to continue,” Sisk reports, with protesters vowing to stay until the construction of the pipeline is stopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Two-Way \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/21/502865857/police-protesters-clash-near-dakota-access-pipeline-route\">has reported\u003c/a>, the $3.8 billion pipeline would cross the Missouri River just upstream from the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation. The tribe is opposed because it says the pipeline would interrupt sacred lands and could contaminate drinking water if it ruptures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers said last week that it \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/14/502069069/army-wants-further-study-of-dakota-access-pipeline-route\">needs more time\u003c/a> to evaluate whether the pipeline should be built on its planned route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Jeff Brady \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/21/502918072/for-many-dakota-access-pipeline-protesters-the-fight-is-personal\">reported earlier this week\u003c/a>, the protest has attracted activists from around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/503120449/503121897\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the long-term protesters are Native Americans. Others cycle through, some staying for weeks and others just a few days,” Brady reported. He says people are joining the cause for ideological, spiritual and personal reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One demonstrator, Cameron Lisondra of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, said it meant a lot to be able to connect with other Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lisondra says he doubts this large a gathering of indigenous people from around the world will happen again in his lifetime,” Brady says. “He predicts whatever the outcome, this protest and the thousands who’ve played a role will be talked about for generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A woman protesting the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline who was wounded earlier this week might lose her arm as a result of the injury, her family says. Sophia Wilansky’s injury is the most gruesome to date of the months-long standoff at Standing Rock, N.D. \u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The doctor just said she may need as many as 20 surgeries over very many months to have any hope of saving her arm and her hand,” Wilansky’s father, Wayne Wilansky, told a group of reporters outside a Minneapolis hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police and protesters — who call themselves water protectors — have very different explanations for how Sophia Wilansky was injured early Monday morning. Protesters say she was struck by a police weapon; police suggest she might have been involved in an explosion caused by protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Both sides agree that the overnight protest got tense, but that’s where any agreement ends,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/23/503108890/protester-could-lose-her-arm-after-being-injured-in-n-d-pipeline-protests\">reports Amy Sisk\u003c/a>, a journalist with the public media collaboration Inside Energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/503120449/503121979\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sisk, who has been reporting on the protest for NPR for months, says the clash on Sunday night saw 400 protesters and police facing off over a bridge that had been closed by authorities, blocking access to the pipeline construction site:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“As protesters took to the bridge, police deployed tear gas and sponge bullets. They also sprayed water on demonstrators while the temperature was below freezing, sparking concerns about hypothermia. Protest leaders report numerous injuries requiring hospitalization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Linda Black Elk is a medic at the protesters’ camp. ‘It seems like with every action with every conflict that takes place they escalate their violent tactics by using some new type of weaponry,’ [she says].”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Rob Keller with the Morton County Sheriff’s Department says protesters refused to obey police orders, and some pelted officers with rocks. He defends police crowd control methods:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>” ‘Had they not been utilized, that line would probably have been overrun and we’d have a worse situation than we have now.’ “\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Protesters say police threw a concussion grenade that hit 21-year-old Wilansky and caused her injury. Wilansky’s father \u003ca href=\"https://apnews.com/7fe0b7af0704467eac22b76244ac1982/Pipeline-protester-seriously-injured;-conflicting-accounts\">told The Associated Press\u003c/a> that there were multiple witnesses — “and my daughter, who was completely conscious, said they threw a grenade right at her.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police say they did not use any equipment that could have caused Wilansky’s injury. A statement from the sheriff’s office said propane tanks were recovered at the site and suggested demonstrators might have been intentionally puncturing them to rig them to explode, the AP reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>No one was arrested for making explosives, a sheriff’s spokeswoman \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-na-dakota-access-pipeline-protests-20161121-story.html\">told the L.A. Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The protests at Standing Rock are “likely to continue,” Sisk reports, with protesters vowing to stay until the construction of the pipeline is stopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the Two-Way \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/21/502865857/police-protesters-clash-near-dakota-access-pipeline-route\">has reported\u003c/a>, the $3.8 billion pipeline would cross the Missouri River just upstream from the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation. The tribe is opposed because it says the pipeline would interrupt sacred lands and could contaminate drinking water if it ruptures.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers said last week that it \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/14/502069069/army-wants-further-study-of-dakota-access-pipeline-route\">needs more time\u003c/a> to evaluate whether the pipeline should be built on its planned route.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR’s Jeff Brady \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/21/502918072/for-many-dakota-access-pipeline-protesters-the-fight-is-personal\">reported earlier this week\u003c/a>, the protest has attracted activists from around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/503120449/503121897\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Most of the long-term protesters are Native Americans. Others cycle through, some staying for weeks and others just a few days,” Brady reported. He says people are joining the cause for ideological, spiritual and personal reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One demonstrator, Cameron Lisondra of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, said it meant a lot to be able to connect with other Native Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Lisondra says he doubts this large a gathering of indigenous people from around the world will happen again in his lifetime,” Brady says. “He predicts whatever the outcome, this protest and the thousands who’ve played a role will be talked about for generations to come.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">www.npr.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The Strange Truth Behind Presidential Turkey Pardons",
"title": "The Strange Truth Behind Presidential Turkey Pardons",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Editor's note: This story was originally posted last year. Some information was updated on Nov. 22, 2016. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The annual presidential turkey pardoning event at the White House is a strange one. This year is President Obama's eighth and last one, but he still seems confused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is a little puzzling that I do this every year,\" Obama said in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know some folks think this tradition is a little silly,\" he said a year later. \"I do not disagree.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president has made the event something of an annual dad joke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Time flies, even if turkeys don't,\" Obama said last year, flanked by his daughters Sasha and Malia. There was a long pause and eventual polite laughter from his daughters and audience. \"You think it's funny, too, don't you?\" the president said to the crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/WhiteHouse/status/801112319229067265/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turkeys always have punny names. Last year's were \"Honest\" and \"Abe.\" The year before that \"Mac\" and \"Cheese.\" This year — \"Tater\" and \"Tot.\" But despite proclamations of how the birds will live out their golden years in splendor, the joke ... might be on the turkeys. They don't live very long after pardoning. (More on that below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's always lots of laughter for a lighthearted moment the day before Thanksgiving, but the truth behind turkey pardons is a strange and sad tale with a long and myth-filled history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So who are these overstuffed fowl? Where did they come from? And how did this whole thing get started anyway? We try to answer those questions, and more:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Where did they find these turkeys?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/PrezTurkey/status/794200052075995137/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year's birds, \"Tater\" and \"Tot,\" come from a farm in Storm Lake, Iowa, run by Chris and Nicole Domino. The family has been growing turkeys for nine years and raises about 185,000 a year, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kansascity.com/news/nation-world/national/article114983303.html\">Kansas City Star\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/WhiteHouse/status/801117443318026240?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both birds will be spared, but just one will stand for the official pardoning. That bird is \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2016/11/22/president-obama-final-turkey-pardon\">chosen in a White House contest\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/PrezTurkey/status/795314877648801793/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These birds were separated from the flock and raised in a white building with red trim and Americana bunting. The turkeys will only be about 4½ months old when they get to the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The birds, selected from about 20, even went through podium practice to test their temperament.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Do they always get the turkeys from the same place?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10771979\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/gettyimages-496023924_wide-bad7d3aee7611c359d04776598d0ce3cc2301828.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10771979\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/gettyimages-496023924_wide-bad7d3aee7611c359d04776598d0ce3cc2301828-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Men dressed as Secret Service agents stand guard next to Tom One and Tom Two, this year's turkey and alternate. Both are from an industrial turkey farm in Modesto.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/gettyimages-496023924_wide-bad7d3aee7611c359d04776598d0ce3cc2301828-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/gettyimages-496023924_wide-bad7d3aee7611c359d04776598d0ce3cc2301828-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/gettyimages-496023924_wide-bad7d3aee7611c359d04776598d0ce3cc2301828-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/gettyimages-496023924_wide-bad7d3aee7611c359d04776598d0ce3cc2301828-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/gettyimages-496023924_wide-bad7d3aee7611c359d04776598d0ce3cc2301828-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/gettyimages-496023924_wide-bad7d3aee7611c359d04776598d0ce3cc2301828-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Men dressed as Secret Service agents stand guard next to Tom One and Tom Two, this year's turkey and alternate. Both are from an industrial turkey farm in Modesto. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>No. This is an event run by the National Turkey Federation. Yes, even turkeys have lobbyists. (They have offices four blocks from the White House.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is so involved in the event that it even pays for the turkeys to take a presidential-style motorcade from the farm to the airport flanked by fake Secret Service agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men in dark suits with earpieces are all part of the show, as are faux presidential decals depicting a turkey wearing a pilgrim hat at the center of the \"Seal of the National Turkey of the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. When and why did this begin?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This whole thing got started in 1947 when Harry Truman was president. And that has actually been a source of confusion. Bill Clinton in his 1997 pardoning ceremony proclaimed that Truman was the first to pardon a turkey. But that's not true. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.trumanlibrary.org/trivia/turkey.htm\">Truman Library issued a statement in 2003\u003c/a> saying:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The Library's staff has found no documents, speeches, newspaper clippings, photographs, or other contemporary records in our holdings which refer to Truman pardoning a turkey that he received as a gift in 1947, or at any other time during his Presidency. ... Truman sometimes indicated to reporters that the turkeys he received were destined for the family dinner table.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>So, Truman was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eatturkey.com/why-turkey/history\">first to \u003cem>receive\u003c/em>\u003c/a> a ceremonial turkey from the National Turkey Federation (and the Poultry and Egg National Board), but he ate it (as did Eisenhower). And that was the intention of the gift — to raise the profile of the bird and maintain its institutionalization as a Thanksgiving and Christmas staple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tradition of giving turkeys to the president goes much further back, though, than industry groups' involvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 1873 to 1913, a turkey dealer from Rhode Island named Horace Vose, known as the \"Poultry King,\" became the unofficial turkey provider to the White House for Thanksgiving and Christmas, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.whitehousehistory.org/pardoning-the-thanksgiving-turkey\">White House Historical Society\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1913, Vose got some competition from a former Kentucky congressman, who claimed his bird tasted better, because it was fed a diet of red peppers. After Vose died in 1913, it was something of a free-for-all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. OK, so if it wasn't Truman, then who was the first to pardon a turkey?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It depends on your definition of \"pardon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"http://www.whitehousehistory.org/questions/which-president-started-the-tradition-of-pardoning-the-thanksgiving-turkey\">1865 dispatch\u003c/a> from White House reporter Noah Brooks is the oldest-known account of a presidential turkey clemency. It was about \u003cstrong>Abraham Lincoln\u003c/strong> sparing a bird two years earlier. It was a Christmas turkey that his son Tad had taken a liking to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>John F. Kennedy\u003c/strong> appears to have been the first to pardon a \u003cem>Thanksgiving\u003c/em> turkey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'll just let this one grow,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>L.A. Times\u003c/em> headlined that 1963 event as a \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/news/other/presidential-turkey-pardons-not-long-history-you-might-think-f2D11663410\">presidential pardon\u003c/a>,\" but a sign hung around the turkey's neck that read, \"Good eating, Mr. President.\" The intention, at least from the giver, was clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Richard Nixon\u003c/strong> also chose not to eat one particular bird and sent it to a petting zoo instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ronald Reagan\u003c/strong> in 1987 was technically the first president to use the word \"pardon\" about a turkey, but it was really just a way to deflect questions about the Iran-Contra scandal and whether he would pardon key players involved — Oliver North and John Poindexter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bird, \"Charlie,\" was already headed for a petting zoo, but after Sam Donaldson of ABC News pressed Reagan on whether he'd pardon North and Poindexter, Reagan \u003ca href=\"http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/112387d.htm\">responded\u003c/a>, \"If they'd given me a different answer on Charlie and his future, I would have pardoned him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president who formalized the event was\u003cstrong> George H.W. Bush\u003c/strong>, giving birth to the modern-day tradition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. What happens to the turkey afterward?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where the story turns very sad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year's turkeys will be sent to Virginia Tech, where, the White House says, \"they will be cared for by veterinarians and students of Virginia Tech's Animal and Poultry Sciences Department at 'Gobbler's Rest' in Blacksburg, Virginia.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turkeys got to meet the Hokie mascot, where the Turkey Federation joked in a tweet that \"these new buds will be hanging out together at their new home after\" the pardon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/PrezTurkey/status/801097027803287552/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But probably not for long ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average lifespan of a turkey in the wild is only \u003ca href=\"http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/wild-turkey/\">three to four years\u003c/a>, but these birds, because they are bred to be eaten, have lived on average far less than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many industrially grown turkeys are fattened up with a \u003ca href=\"http://minnesotaturkey.com/turkeys/fun-facts/\">protein-rich diet of corn and soybeans\u003c/a>. They can't fly, because they are too big; their bone structures can't hold up all that weight for very long; and their organs fail if they're kept alive too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every pardoned turkey is dead except three, who are only at this point \u003cem>presumed\u003c/em> alive ... 2014's \"Cheese\" and 2015's \"Honest\" and \"Abe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Cheese,\" the second half of 2014's duo (\"Mac\" died in July 2015, just eight months after pardoning) was reportedly still alive, as of November of last year. Morven Park in Virginia, where the birds were sent, touted \"presidentially pardoned\" turkeys (plural) to visit, perhaps including 2015's \"Honest\" and \"Abe,\" though these haven't been confirmed by NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outlier in all this was \"Courage,\" the first bird pardoned by Obama in 2009. In 2015, Courage had been reported dead by other outlets, but Disneyland, where the bird was sent, contacted NPR to let us know the fowl was still kicking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We reached out this year about \"Courage's\" status. And, sadly, Disneyland confirmed that \"Courage\" has died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Courage passed earlier this year,\" Suzi Brown, a Disneyland spokeswoman, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Living six-plus years might be some kind of record set by Courage. Disneyland has a theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because he was under our care and fed a balanced diet,\" Brown told NPR, \"he slimmed down quite a bit and lived quite a healthy life here at the resort.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unfortunate reality for these turkeys has been a sore point for animal rights activists, like People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, better known as PETA, which listed its complaints, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.peta.org/features/white-house-turkey-pardon/\">noting the fates\u003c/a> of the recent \"pardoned\" birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others, including writers at the Washington Post and Vox, have called the pardon \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2013/11/26/the-turkey-pardon-is-americas-dumbest-tradition/\">America's dumbest\u003c/a>\" and \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2014/11/24/7276353/white-house-turkey-pardon\">most absurd holiday tradition\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turkey federation, of course, pushes back on the notion that the event is an arcane one that has seen it's time come and go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Think of the meaning of Thanksgiving,\" Keith Williams, vice president for communications and marketing at the turkey federation, argued to NPR in 2015. \"It's always been about the presentation of the National Thanksgiving Turkey — symbolic of the blessings of agriculture we have in this country. It becomes a time for the president to recall with the nation our blessings and celebrate the beginning of the holiday season.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. Why do presidents pardon turkeys? Don't they eat turkey at Thanksgiving?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That irony may account for Obama's puzzlement. He also joked in 2014 that he was saving those turkeys from a \"terrible and delicious fate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are full of contradictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's clearly been difficult for politicians to say on camera that they would eat the bird presented to them, especially as America has grown away from an agricultural society and grown up with Disney movies heavy on the personification of animals. Americans are far more removed from the actual process of how their food makes its way to their table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your grandmother (1940s) would have killed her own and prepared it,\" Keith Williams of the turkey foundation noted. \"Since the 1950s, it became more convenient for families to have the dressed turkeys (all ready to cook), which they bought from the butcher or their grocery store. Few people actually hunt and dress their own food — we thankfully have the farmers who grow and deliver food to us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Side fact: The turkey federation actually provides dressed turkeys to presidents, too. Obama has donated his.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turkey federation seems \u003cem>potentially\u003c/em> open to a return to the days when presidents ate the turkeys presented to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The pardoning was a recent custom begun with President George H.W. Bush,\" Williams noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some traditions are hard to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's something to think about after you walk through the grocery store, pick out that turkey — and sit down at the Thanksgiving dinner table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Correction: Nov. 23, 2016\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAs we say in the editor's note above, this post was originally published in November 2015. At first, we mistakenly reported that \"Courage\" had died. It turned out he hadn't, so we corrected the post to say he was still alive. Now, a year later, we've learned that \"Courage\" died earlier this year. This post now reflects his passing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Presidents have been pardoning turkeys for decades. But why? They used to eat them, actually. The history of the tradition is an odd and sad tale with lots of myths.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Editor's note: This story was originally posted last year. Some information was updated on Nov. 22, 2016. \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The annual presidential turkey pardoning event at the White House is a strange one. This year is President Obama's eighth and last one, but he still seems confused.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It is a little puzzling that I do this every year,\" Obama said in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I know some folks think this tradition is a little silly,\" he said a year later. \"I do not disagree.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president has made the event something of an annual dad joke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Time flies, even if turkeys don't,\" Obama said last year, flanked by his daughters Sasha and Malia. There was a long pause and eventual polite laughter from his daughters and audience. \"You think it's funny, too, don't you?\" the president said to the crowd.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turkeys always have punny names. Last year's were \"Honest\" and \"Abe.\" The year before that \"Mac\" and \"Cheese.\" This year — \"Tater\" and \"Tot.\" But despite proclamations of how the birds will live out their golden years in splendor, the joke ... might be on the turkeys. They don't live very long after pardoning. (More on that below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's always lots of laughter for a lighthearted moment the day before Thanksgiving, but the truth behind turkey pardons is a strange and sad tale with a long and myth-filled history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So who are these overstuffed fowl? Where did they come from? And how did this whole thing get started anyway? We try to answer those questions, and more:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>1. Where did they find these turkeys?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year's birds, \"Tater\" and \"Tot,\" come from a farm in Storm Lake, Iowa, run by Chris and Nicole Domino. The family has been growing turkeys for nine years and raises about 185,000 a year, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.kansascity.com/news/nation-world/national/article114983303.html\">Kansas City Star\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Both birds will be spared, but just one will stand for the official pardoning. That bird is \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2016/11/22/president-obama-final-turkey-pardon\">chosen in a White House contest\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These birds were separated from the flock and raised in a white building with red trim and Americana bunting. The turkeys will only be about 4½ months old when they get to the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The birds, selected from about 20, even went through podium practice to test their temperament.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>2. Do they always get the turkeys from the same place?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10771979\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/gettyimages-496023924_wide-bad7d3aee7611c359d04776598d0ce3cc2301828.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10771979\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/gettyimages-496023924_wide-bad7d3aee7611c359d04776598d0ce3cc2301828-800x450.jpg\" alt=\"Men dressed as Secret Service agents stand guard next to Tom One and Tom Two, this year's turkey and alternate. Both are from an industrial turkey farm in Modesto.\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/gettyimages-496023924_wide-bad7d3aee7611c359d04776598d0ce3cc2301828-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/gettyimages-496023924_wide-bad7d3aee7611c359d04776598d0ce3cc2301828-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/gettyimages-496023924_wide-bad7d3aee7611c359d04776598d0ce3cc2301828-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/gettyimages-496023924_wide-bad7d3aee7611c359d04776598d0ce3cc2301828-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/gettyimages-496023924_wide-bad7d3aee7611c359d04776598d0ce3cc2301828-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/gettyimages-496023924_wide-bad7d3aee7611c359d04776598d0ce3cc2301828-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Men dressed as Secret Service agents stand guard next to Tom One and Tom Two, this year's turkey and alternate. Both are from an industrial turkey farm in Modesto. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>No. This is an event run by the National Turkey Federation. Yes, even turkeys have lobbyists. (They have offices four blocks from the White House.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group is so involved in the event that it even pays for the turkeys to take a presidential-style motorcade from the farm to the airport flanked by fake Secret Service agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The men in dark suits with earpieces are all part of the show, as are faux presidential decals depicting a turkey wearing a pilgrim hat at the center of the \"Seal of the National Turkey of the United States.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>3. When and why did this begin?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This whole thing got started in 1947 when Harry Truman was president. And that has actually been a source of confusion. Bill Clinton in his 1997 pardoning ceremony proclaimed that Truman was the first to pardon a turkey. But that's not true. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.trumanlibrary.org/trivia/turkey.htm\">Truman Library issued a statement in 2003\u003c/a> saying:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The Library's staff has found no documents, speeches, newspaper clippings, photographs, or other contemporary records in our holdings which refer to Truman pardoning a turkey that he received as a gift in 1947, or at any other time during his Presidency. ... Truman sometimes indicated to reporters that the turkeys he received were destined for the family dinner table.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>So, Truman was the \u003ca href=\"http://www.eatturkey.com/why-turkey/history\">first to \u003cem>receive\u003c/em>\u003c/a> a ceremonial turkey from the National Turkey Federation (and the Poultry and Egg National Board), but he ate it (as did Eisenhower). And that was the intention of the gift — to raise the profile of the bird and maintain its institutionalization as a Thanksgiving and Christmas staple.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tradition of giving turkeys to the president goes much further back, though, than industry groups' involvement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From 1873 to 1913, a turkey dealer from Rhode Island named Horace Vose, known as the \"Poultry King,\" became the unofficial turkey provider to the White House for Thanksgiving and Christmas, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.whitehousehistory.org/pardoning-the-thanksgiving-turkey\">White House Historical Society\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1913, Vose got some competition from a former Kentucky congressman, who claimed his bird tasted better, because it was fed a diet of red peppers. After Vose died in 1913, it was something of a free-for-all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>4. OK, so if it wasn't Truman, then who was the first to pardon a turkey?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It depends on your definition of \"pardon.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An \u003ca href=\"http://www.whitehousehistory.org/questions/which-president-started-the-tradition-of-pardoning-the-thanksgiving-turkey\">1865 dispatch\u003c/a> from White House reporter Noah Brooks is the oldest-known account of a presidential turkey clemency. It was about \u003cstrong>Abraham Lincoln\u003c/strong> sparing a bird two years earlier. It was a Christmas turkey that his son Tad had taken a liking to.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>John F. Kennedy\u003c/strong> appears to have been the first to pardon a \u003cem>Thanksgiving\u003c/em> turkey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We'll just let this one grow,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The \u003cem>L.A. Times\u003c/em> headlined that 1963 event as a \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.nbcnews.com/news/other/presidential-turkey-pardons-not-long-history-you-might-think-f2D11663410\">presidential pardon\u003c/a>,\" but a sign hung around the turkey's neck that read, \"Good eating, Mr. President.\" The intention, at least from the giver, was clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Richard Nixon\u003c/strong> also chose not to eat one particular bird and sent it to a petting zoo instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ronald Reagan\u003c/strong> in 1987 was technically the first president to use the word \"pardon\" about a turkey, but it was really just a way to deflect questions about the Iran-Contra scandal and whether he would pardon key players involved — Oliver North and John Poindexter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bird, \"Charlie,\" was already headed for a petting zoo, but after Sam Donaldson of ABC News pressed Reagan on whether he'd pardon North and Poindexter, Reagan \u003ca href=\"http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1987/112387d.htm\">responded\u003c/a>, \"If they'd given me a different answer on Charlie and his future, I would have pardoned him.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president who formalized the event was\u003cstrong> George H.W. Bush\u003c/strong>, giving birth to the modern-day tradition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>5. What happens to the turkey afterward?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is where the story turns very sad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year's turkeys will be sent to Virginia Tech, where, the White House says, \"they will be cared for by veterinarians and students of Virginia Tech's Animal and Poultry Sciences Department at 'Gobbler's Rest' in Blacksburg, Virginia.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turkeys got to meet the Hokie mascot, where the Turkey Federation joked in a tweet that \"these new buds will be hanging out together at their new home after\" the pardon.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>/photo/1?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But probably not for long ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The average lifespan of a turkey in the wild is only \u003ca href=\"http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/wild-turkey/\">three to four years\u003c/a>, but these birds, because they are bred to be eaten, have lived on average far less than that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many industrially grown turkeys are fattened up with a \u003ca href=\"http://minnesotaturkey.com/turkeys/fun-facts/\">protein-rich diet of corn and soybeans\u003c/a>. They can't fly, because they are too big; their bone structures can't hold up all that weight for very long; and their organs fail if they're kept alive too long.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every pardoned turkey is dead except three, who are only at this point \u003cem>presumed\u003c/em> alive ... 2014's \"Cheese\" and 2015's \"Honest\" and \"Abe.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Cheese,\" the second half of 2014's duo (\"Mac\" died in July 2015, just eight months after pardoning) was reportedly still alive, as of November of last year. Morven Park in Virginia, where the birds were sent, touted \"presidentially pardoned\" turkeys (plural) to visit, perhaps including 2015's \"Honest\" and \"Abe,\" though these haven't been confirmed by NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The outlier in all this was \"Courage,\" the first bird pardoned by Obama in 2009. In 2015, Courage had been reported dead by other outlets, but Disneyland, where the bird was sent, contacted NPR to let us know the fowl was still kicking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We reached out this year about \"Courage's\" status. And, sadly, Disneyland confirmed that \"Courage\" has died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Courage passed earlier this year,\" Suzi Brown, a Disneyland spokeswoman, told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Living six-plus years might be some kind of record set by Courage. Disneyland has a theory.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Because he was under our care and fed a balanced diet,\" Brown told NPR, \"he slimmed down quite a bit and lived quite a healthy life here at the resort.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unfortunate reality for these turkeys has been a sore point for animal rights activists, like People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, better known as PETA, which listed its complaints, including \u003ca href=\"http://www.peta.org/features/white-house-turkey-pardon/\">noting the fates\u003c/a> of the recent \"pardoned\" birds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Others, including writers at the Washington Post and Vox, have called the pardon \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2013/11/26/the-turkey-pardon-is-americas-dumbest-tradition/\">America's dumbest\u003c/a>\" and \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2014/11/24/7276353/white-house-turkey-pardon\">most absurd holiday tradition\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turkey federation, of course, pushes back on the notion that the event is an arcane one that has seen it's time come and go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Think of the meaning of Thanksgiving,\" Keith Williams, vice president for communications and marketing at the turkey federation, argued to NPR in 2015. \"It's always been about the presentation of the National Thanksgiving Turkey — symbolic of the blessings of agriculture we have in this country. It becomes a time for the president to recall with the nation our blessings and celebrate the beginning of the holiday season.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>6. Why do presidents pardon turkeys? Don't they eat turkey at Thanksgiving?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That irony may account for Obama's puzzlement. He also joked in 2014 that he was saving those turkeys from a \"terrible and delicious fate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People are full of contradictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's clearly been difficult for politicians to say on camera that they would eat the bird presented to them, especially as America has grown away from an agricultural society and grown up with Disney movies heavy on the personification of animals. Americans are far more removed from the actual process of how their food makes its way to their table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Your grandmother (1940s) would have killed her own and prepared it,\" Keith Williams of the turkey foundation noted. \"Since the 1950s, it became more convenient for families to have the dressed turkeys (all ready to cook), which they bought from the butcher or their grocery store. Few people actually hunt and dress their own food — we thankfully have the farmers who grow and deliver food to us.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Side fact: The turkey federation actually provides dressed turkeys to presidents, too. Obama has donated his.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The turkey federation seems \u003cem>potentially\u003c/em> open to a return to the days when presidents ate the turkeys presented to them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The pardoning was a recent custom begun with President George H.W. Bush,\" Williams noted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some traditions are hard to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's something to think about after you walk through the grocery store, pick out that turkey — and sit down at the Thanksgiving dinner table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org\" target=\"_blank\">www.npr.org/\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Correction: Nov. 23, 2016\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nAs we say in the editor's note above, this post was originally published in November 2015. At first, we mistakenly reported that \"Courage\" had died. It turned out he hadn't, so we corrected the post to say he was still alive. Now, a year later, we've learned that \"Courage\" died earlier this year. This post now reflects his passing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two weeks after Election Day, Hillary Clinton leads President-elect Donald Trump \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/133Eb4qQmOxNvtesw2hdVns073R68EZx4SfCnP4IGQf8/edit#gid=19\">by 1.75 million votes\u003c/a>. Despite Clinton's popular vote lead, Trump will move into the White House because he won the Electoral College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton's margin will grow in the coming weeks — mostly because of California, where there are still\u003ca href=\"http://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/statewide-elections/2016-general/unprocessed-ballots-report.pdf\"> more than 2 million unprocessed ballots\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why does it take California so long to count the votes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, for one thing, blame coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Coffee stains look just like an oval mark,\" says Sacramento County Assistant Registrar of Voters Alice Jarboe. \"So we have to remove all those coffee stains.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it seems at least some Californians like to fill out their vote-by-mail ballots over breakfast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it gets worse: jam and jelly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do find those on the ballot,\" Jarboe says. \"Those gum up our vote-counting machines, so we will remake those ballots.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remaking a ballot doesn't happen quickly. Two election workers pair up to copy the votes from the damaged ballot onto an unmarked duplicate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One person will call, the other person will mark,\" Jarboe says. \"And then they'll double-check their work to make sure that the calling and the marking compares.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A nearby election worker calls out \"65 yes, 66 yes, 67 no,\" as she and a colleague compare a ballot's votes on three of California's statewide propositions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After they check their work, a quality control team will check again. And then, the damaged ballot gets a big blue \"VOID\" stamp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other times, Jarboe says, there's a slightly quicker fix involving white-out tape: \"We will take that white-out tape and white over the problem ovals — the voter crossed out the oval, and said 'No, not this one, this one' — we'll cross out the one they didn't want; we'll white that out, and then a star stamp next to it. The star stamp is everybody's indication that we touched that ballot and we corrected it in some way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's likely that \u003ca href=\"http://vote.sos.ca.gov/returns/status/\">14 million people will have voted\u003c/a> in California once all the ballots are processed — and Clinton won the state by a \u003ca href=\"http://vote.sos.ca.gov/returns/president/\">nearly 2-1 ratio\u003c/a>. As voting by mail has surged, so too has the time it takes counties to count ballots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, there are provisional ballots, which take even longer to process, because it's often hard to verify a voter's eligibility. California provisional ballot laws are much more permissive than in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We would prefer that you show up at your own polling place and that you be registered,\" Jarboe says. \"But we're not going to tell you to go away, that you can't vote. We'll go ahead and let you vote a ballot and put it in a provisional envelope, and then we true it up here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These expansions [of voting rights] end up slowing down the vote count process,\" says Paul Mitchell, one of California's top voting data analysts. \"But to trade off 'we're gonna get our votes counted quicker and disenfranchise people on the front end,' I don't think is the right trade-off.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California counties have two more weeks to certify their final ballot counts. Some other large states like Florida and Virginia have already done so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitchell says California's slow work is skewing Americans' perceptions of the election results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The presidential race was a much larger popular vote win for Hillary Clinton than was seen on Election Day or even the couple days after the election,\" he says. \"And that's only going to expand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Mitchell estimates Clinton could end up winning nationally by 2.5 million votes — the largest margin ever for an Electoral College loser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 Capital Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org\" target=\"_blank\">www.capradio.org\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "There are still 2 million ballots left to count in California. Most of those votes will likely go to Hillary Clinton, further running up her lead in the popular vote.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two weeks after Election Day, Hillary Clinton leads President-elect Donald Trump \u003ca href=\"https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/133Eb4qQmOxNvtesw2hdVns073R68EZx4SfCnP4IGQf8/edit#gid=19\">by 1.75 million votes\u003c/a>. Despite Clinton's popular vote lead, Trump will move into the White House because he won the Electoral College.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Clinton's margin will grow in the coming weeks — mostly because of California, where there are still\u003ca href=\"http://elections.cdn.sos.ca.gov/statewide-elections/2016-general/unprocessed-ballots-report.pdf\"> more than 2 million unprocessed ballots\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why does it take California so long to count the votes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Well, for one thing, blame coffee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Coffee stains look just like an oval mark,\" says Sacramento County Assistant Registrar of Voters Alice Jarboe. \"So we have to remove all those coffee stains.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yes, it seems at least some Californians like to fill out their vote-by-mail ballots over breakfast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it gets worse: jam and jelly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do find those on the ballot,\" Jarboe says. \"Those gum up our vote-counting machines, so we will remake those ballots.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Remaking a ballot doesn't happen quickly. Two election workers pair up to copy the votes from the damaged ballot onto an unmarked duplicate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"One person will call, the other person will mark,\" Jarboe says. \"And then they'll double-check their work to make sure that the calling and the marking compares.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A nearby election worker calls out \"65 yes, 66 yes, 67 no,\" as she and a colleague compare a ballot's votes on three of California's statewide propositions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After they check their work, a quality control team will check again. And then, the damaged ballot gets a big blue \"VOID\" stamp.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other times, Jarboe says, there's a slightly quicker fix involving white-out tape: \"We will take that white-out tape and white over the problem ovals — the voter crossed out the oval, and said 'No, not this one, this one' — we'll cross out the one they didn't want; we'll white that out, and then a star stamp next to it. The star stamp is everybody's indication that we touched that ballot and we corrected it in some way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's likely that \u003ca href=\"http://vote.sos.ca.gov/returns/status/\">14 million people will have voted\u003c/a> in California once all the ballots are processed — and Clinton won the state by a \u003ca href=\"http://vote.sos.ca.gov/returns/president/\">nearly 2-1 ratio\u003c/a>. As voting by mail has surged, so too has the time it takes counties to count ballots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Plus, there are provisional ballots, which take even longer to process, because it's often hard to verify a voter's eligibility. California provisional ballot laws are much more permissive than in other states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We would prefer that you show up at your own polling place and that you be registered,\" Jarboe says. \"But we're not going to tell you to go away, that you can't vote. We'll go ahead and let you vote a ballot and put it in a provisional envelope, and then we true it up here.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"These expansions [of voting rights] end up slowing down the vote count process,\" says Paul Mitchell, one of California's top voting data analysts. \"But to trade off 'we're gonna get our votes counted quicker and disenfranchise people on the front end,' I don't think is the right trade-off.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California counties have two more weeks to certify their final ballot counts. Some other large states like Florida and Virginia have already done so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mitchell says California's slow work is skewing Americans' perceptions of the election results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The presidential race was a much larger popular vote win for Hillary Clinton than was seen on Election Day or even the couple days after the election,\" he says. \"And that's only going to expand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Mitchell estimates Clinton could end up winning nationally by 2.5 million votes — the largest margin ever for an Electoral College loser.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2016 Capital Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org\" target=\"_blank\">www.capradio.org\u003c/a>\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Loneliness can be a problem for older people, especially when they're in the hospital. Their children may have moved away. Spouses and friends may themselves be too frail to visit. So a California hospital is providing volunteer companions in the geriatric unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the volunteers at the UCLA Medical Center in Santa Monica is 24-year-old Julia Torrano. She hopes to go to medical school. Meanwhile, her twice-weekly volunteer shifts give her a lot of practice working with patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them is Estelle Day. She's 79 years old, a slender woman with a wild mane of hair that is still mostly red. Torrano peppers her with questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Where were you originally from?\" asks Torrano. Day replies that she grew up on Long Island in New York. Torrano also wants to know how Day met her husband, where she learned to play the harp, where her travels have taken her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Day is happy to answer everything. She says she likes people and describes herself as \"windbaggy.\" That's especially true if she's talking about playing music. She is a lifelong musician and retired music teacher. She plays harp and guitar, but her favorite instrument is the pipe organ. \"To be able to rock a building under your hands and your feet is exciting,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was Day's fifth day as a patient in the geriatric unit. She says multiple chronic conditions brought her here, but she didn't want to name them. Visible were a bulky back brace she wears for her osteoporosis, an IV drip and a heart monitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that heart monitor suddenly began beeping, Torrano was out of the room like a shot. She returned seconds later with a nurse who solved the problem with the push of a button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/500222611/502841593\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torrano and the other volunteer companions aren't just candy stripers, bringing snacks and magazines. She knew what to do when the heart monitor started beeping because, like all of the volunteers in this program, she's been trained. As \u003ca href=\"http://www.geronet.ucla.edu/research/researchers/476\">Dr. David Reuben\u003c/a>, chief of geriatrics at the Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA explains: \"Just because you're willing to do something doesn't mean you know how to do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteers learn about medical confidentiality, what to do in an emergency, and how to interact with patients, including patients with dementia. Reuben says they go through a \"vigorous training process and vetting process before we allow them to be with patients.\" There are nearly three dozen volunteers so far. The program started just a few months ago, and the hospital plans to expand it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loneliness is a legitimate medical issue. There are a number of studies linking loneliness and social isolation in old people to poorer health and earlier death, including one published earlier this month in \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2575729\">JAMA Psychiatry\u003c/a> associating loneliness, social isolation and brain changes typical in Alzheimer's. Reuben cautions that those studies weren't done in a hospital setting. Nevertheless, he says, \"you might suspect that being more engaged, more energized ... might promote a speedier recovery.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now the hospital is designing studies to find out if the volunteer companionship improves medical outcomes, or at least improves the patient's experience in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torrano says she'll sometimes spend her entire four-hour shift with a single patient. Like Estelle Day, many are happy to share their life stories. She remembers one man in particular who had been a political prisoner in Iran. He'd run an underground newspaper. \"He was in jail so much,\" she recalls, yet he told her he also misses Iran. \"Even though it was very traumatic, he still wishes he was there,\" Torrano says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estelle Day says she's not especially lonely, but she has been alone much of the time since she was admitted to the geriatric unit. So it helps to have a companion who will not only listen to her life story, but can also troubleshoot the little problems that can make life in a hospital such a challenge. \"Somebody who is sensitive and tuned-in and is very helpful,\" explains Day, the way Torrano was when Day's heart monitor started acting up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And companionship can take many forms. On the day of Torrano's visit, one of Day's most pressing issues was fixing her hair. It had been shoved up in a rubber band since she was admitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So with Day's encouragement, Torrano picks up a comb and gently begins detangling. Whatever it takes to make the patient look good and feel better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hospital+Companions+Can+Ease+Isolation+For+Older+People&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Loneliness can be a problem for older people, especially when they're in the hospital. Their children may have moved away. Spouses and friends may themselves be too frail to visit. So a California hospital is providing volunteer companions in the geriatric unit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the volunteers at the UCLA Medical Center in Santa Monica is 24-year-old Julia Torrano. She hopes to go to medical school. Meanwhile, her twice-weekly volunteer shifts give her a lot of practice working with patients.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of them is Estelle Day. She's 79 years old, a slender woman with a wild mane of hair that is still mostly red. Torrano peppers her with questions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Where were you originally from?\" asks Torrano. Day replies that she grew up on Long Island in New York. Torrano also wants to know how Day met her husband, where she learned to play the harp, where her travels have taken her.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Day is happy to answer everything. She says she likes people and describes herself as \"windbaggy.\" That's especially true if she's talking about playing music. She is a lifelong musician and retired music teacher. She plays harp and guitar, but her favorite instrument is the pipe organ. \"To be able to rock a building under your hands and your feet is exciting,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This was Day's fifth day as a patient in the geriatric unit. She says multiple chronic conditions brought her here, but she didn't want to name them. Visible were a bulky back brace she wears for her osteoporosis, an IV drip and a heart monitor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When that heart monitor suddenly began beeping, Torrano was out of the room like a shot. She returned seconds later with a nurse who solved the problem with the push of a button.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/500222611/502841593\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torrano and the other volunteer companions aren't just candy stripers, bringing snacks and magazines. She knew what to do when the heart monitor started beeping because, like all of the volunteers in this program, she's been trained. As \u003ca href=\"http://www.geronet.ucla.edu/research/researchers/476\">Dr. David Reuben\u003c/a>, chief of geriatrics at the Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA explains: \"Just because you're willing to do something doesn't mean you know how to do it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Volunteers learn about medical confidentiality, what to do in an emergency, and how to interact with patients, including patients with dementia. Reuben says they go through a \"vigorous training process and vetting process before we allow them to be with patients.\" There are nearly three dozen volunteers so far. The program started just a few months ago, and the hospital plans to expand it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Loneliness is a legitimate medical issue. There are a number of studies linking loneliness and social isolation in old people to poorer health and earlier death, including one published earlier this month in \u003ca href=\"http://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2575729\">JAMA Psychiatry\u003c/a> associating loneliness, social isolation and brain changes typical in Alzheimer's. Reuben cautions that those studies weren't done in a hospital setting. Nevertheless, he says, \"you might suspect that being more engaged, more energized ... might promote a speedier recovery.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So now the hospital is designing studies to find out if the volunteer companionship improves medical outcomes, or at least improves the patient's experience in the hospital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Torrano says she'll sometimes spend her entire four-hour shift with a single patient. Like Estelle Day, many are happy to share their life stories. She remembers one man in particular who had been a political prisoner in Iran. He'd run an underground newspaper. \"He was in jail so much,\" she recalls, yet he told her he also misses Iran. \"Even though it was very traumatic, he still wishes he was there,\" Torrano says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Estelle Day says she's not especially lonely, but she has been alone much of the time since she was admitted to the geriatric unit. So it helps to have a companion who will not only listen to her life story, but can also troubleshoot the little problems that can make life in a hospital such a challenge. \"Somebody who is sensitive and tuned-in and is very helpful,\" explains Day, the way Torrano was when Day's heart monitor started acting up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And companionship can take many forms. On the day of Torrano's visit, one of Day's most pressing issues was fixing her hair. It had been shoved up in a rubber band since she was admitted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So with Day's encouragement, Torrano picks up a comb and gently begins detangling. Whatever it takes to make the patient look good and feel better.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hospital+Companions+Can+Ease+Isolation+For+Older+People&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "from-hate-speech-to-fake-news-the-content-crisis-facing-mark-zuckerberg",
"title": "From Hate Speech to Fake News: the Content Crisis Facing Mark Zuckerberg",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor’s Note:\u003c/strong> This story contains images and language that some readers may find disturbing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Zuckerberg — one of the most insightful, adept leaders in the business world — has a problem. It’s a problem he has been slow to acknowledge, even though it has become more apparent by the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several current and former Facebook employees tell NPR there is a lot of internal turmoil about how the platform does and doesn’t censor content that users find offensive. And outside Facebook, the public is regularly confounded by the company’s decisions — around controversial posts and around fake news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Did \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/pope-francis-donald-trump-endorsement/\">Pope Francis really endorse\u003c/a> Donald Trump? Does Hillary Clinton really have a \u003ca href=\"http://eaglerising.com/36880/a-hillary-clinton-administration-may-be-entirely-run-by-a-figurehead/\">body double\u003c/a>?)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind whatever the controversy of the moment happens to be, there’s a deep-seated problem. The problem is this: At age 19, the then-boy genius started a social network that was basically a tech-savvy way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2007/jul/25/media.newmedia\">check out classmates\u003c/a> in school. Then, over the course of 12 years, he made some very strategic decisions that have morphed Facebook into the most powerful distributor on Earth — the new front page of the news for \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/company-info/\">more than 1 billion\u003c/a> people every day. But Zuckerberg didn’t sign up to head a media company — as in, one that has to make editorial judgments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/495827410/502402451\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his team have made a very complex set of contradictory rules — a bias toward restricted speech for regular users, and toward free speech for “news” (real or fake). And the company relies on a sprawling army of subcontractors to enforce the rules. People involved in trying to make it work say they’re in way over their heads. As one employee put it, “We started out of a college dorm. I mean, c’mon, we’re Facebook. We never wanted to deal with this s***.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Subcontractors running the show\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR got the official version of how the company censors and leaves up content this summer when Facebook’s head of policy, Monika Bickert, agreed to a phone interview. We spoke with 10 current and former employees total, on the record and on background, for this investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to remember this sometimes, but Facebook has never claimed to be a free-speech platform. The company is trying to create a safe space where, unlike on Twitter, people can share without being trolled or shamed. Bickert is in charge of setting the content policies. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/communitystandards\">Community Standards\u003c/a>, which are posted online, are the rules for everyday users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explained that when a user reports a piece of content that might be offensive, the company exercises its power to censor with precision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”rW0OoouzHwixJ3pMYhx8Zi9oUCslrao5″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Context is so important. It’s critical when we are looking to determine whether or not something is hate speech, or a credible threat of violence,” she said. “We look at how a specific person shared a specific post or word or photo to Facebook. So we’re looking to see why did this particular share happen on Facebook? Why did this particular post happen?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, three of Bickert’s former colleagues tell a very different story of how Facebook deals with controversial content. They and others declined to be named for fear of job repercussions (at Facebook or at their current employers, also internet companies), but their descriptions are consistent with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a user flags a post on Facebook — whether it’s a picture, video or text post — it goes to a little-known division called the “community operations team.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You have to use judgment, in a system that doesn’t give you the time to make a real judgment.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 2010, the sources say, the team had a couple hundred workers in five countries. Facebook found it needed more hands on deck. After trying crowdsourcing solutions like CrowdFlower, the company turned to the consulting firm Accenture to put together a dedicated team of subcontractors. Sources say the team is now several thousand people, with some of the largest offices in Manila, the Philippines, and Warsaw, Poland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current and former employees of Facebook say that they’ve observed these subcontractors in action; that they are told to go fast — very fast; that they’re evaluated on speed; and that on average, a worker makes a decision about a piece of flagged content once every 10 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s do a back-of-the-envelope calculation. Say a worker is doing an eight-hour shift, at the rate of one post per 10 seconds. That means they’re clearing 2,880 posts a day per person. When NPR ran these numbers by current and former employees, they said that sounds reasonable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook spokesperson says response times vary widely, depending on what is being reported; that the vast majority of flagged content is not removed; and that the numbers are off. Facebook did not provide alternative numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”GHUFwakLngKMdaqXezKhADivYvtrrydc”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the sources — who have firsthand knowledge and spoke separately with NPR — are correct, then this may be the biggest editing — aka censorship — operation in the history of media. All the while, Facebook leaders insist they’re just running a “platform,” free of human judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A person who worked on this area of “content management” for Facebook (as an employee, not a subcontractor) says most of the content you see falls neatly into categories that don’t need deep reflection: “That’s an erect penis. Check.” So it’s not like the workers are analyzing every single one in detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that simple and complex items all go into the same big pile. So, the source says, “you go on autopilot” and don’t realize when “you have to use judgment, in a system that doesn’t give you the time to make a real judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A classic case is something like “Becky looks pregnant.” It could be cyberbullying or a compliment. The subcontractor “pretty much tosses a coin,” the source says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s another huge barrier. Because of privacy laws and technical glitches (such as a post that is truncated to show only part of the conversation), the subcontractors typically don’t get to see the full context — to which Bickert referred so often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Frequent errors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be the cause of frequent errors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR decided to stress-test the system by flagging nearly 200 posts that could be considered hate speech — specifically, attacks against blacks and against whites in the U.S. We found that Facebook subcontractors were not consistent and made numerous mistakes, including in instances where a user calls for violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We say they were mistakes because the company changed its position in dozens of instances, removing some and restoring others — either when we flagged it a second time through the automated system or brought it to the attention of Facebook headquarters in Menlo Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider this post:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178624\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178624\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-800x949.jpg\" alt=\"A comment on this post (indicated by the light gray text) was flagged by NPR. Facebook's subcontractors did not remove the comment, but after being pressed further, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and it should have been removed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"949\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-160x190.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-240x285.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-375x445.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-520x617.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A comment on this post (indicated by the light gray text) was flagged by NPR. Facebook’s subcontractors did not remove the comment, but after being pressed further, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and it should have been removed. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One user shares a video of a police officer kicking someone on the ground, and another says they “need to start organizing and sniping these bitches.” This is a call to shoot cops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s occurring in a very specific context: days after \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/07/485066807/police-stop-ends-in-black-mans-death-aftermath-is-livestreamed-online-video\">Philando Castile\u003c/a> was shot and killed by an officer (the shooting’s aftermath was live-streamed on Facebook); and in a city in Minnesota that’s just a few miles away from where Castile lay bleeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The subcontractors did not remove the post. When NPR emailed Facebook headquarters about it, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and the post should have been removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One source tells NPR that the subcontractor “likely” could not see the full post if just the comment was flagged, could not see the profile of the user or even view the video to which the user was responding — again for privacy or technical reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Different projects within Facebook have to compete fiercely for engineering talent, and have to make the case that their to-do list is worth expensive company resources. Two sources say that over the years, it’s been hard to make that case for fixing the editing system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178627\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178627\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-800x574.jpg\" alt=\"Of posts that NPR flagged, this one, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up erroneously, according to Facebook officials.\" width=\"800\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-800x574.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-375x269.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-520x373.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800.jpg 813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Of posts that NPR flagged, this one, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up erroneously, according to Facebook officials. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NPR shared many posts with the company to get specific feedback on why something stayed up or was taken down. This post, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up. The spokesperson says it should have been removed, but the reviewer’s perspective is not the same as a regular Facebook user; and because the company is protecting privacy, reviewers don’t have access to everything, which \u003cem>can\u003c/em> affect their judgments. Also, the spokesperson says, reviewers don’t have the time a person at Facebook headquarters or at NPR may have to make a decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another spokesperson notes that just because the reviewer has a limited view does not mean Bickert’s description is incorrect — that the two versions of the process are not mutually exclusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A restrictive platform\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR also finds, interestingly, that Facebook can be strict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of it this way. Every media outlet has its own culture and voice. If \u003cem>The New York Times \u003c/em>is urban liberal, Fox News is conservative, and Playboy is racy, you could say Facebook aspires to be nice — a global brand that’s as easy to swallow as Coca-Cola. (In this provocative \u003ca href=\"http://shorensteincenter.org/jeffrey-rosen-future-of-free-speech-in-a-digital-world/\">talk at Harvard’s Shorenstein Center\u003c/a>, law professor and author Jeffrey Rosen says Facebook favors “civility” over “liberty.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bias is evident in these real-life examples:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178629\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178629\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-800x428.jpg\" alt=\"One example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used.\" width=\"800\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-800x428.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-160x86.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-240x128.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-375x201.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-520x278.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-280x150.jpg 280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85.jpg 888w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178632\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178632\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-800x301.jpg\" alt=\"A second example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used.\" width=\"800\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-160x60.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-240x90.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-375x141.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-520x196.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A second example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NPR asked two newsroom veterans to put themselves in the position of a Facebook content arbiter. We don’t have access to Facebook’s internal guidance on hate speech, so they had to rely on their own judgment and familiarity with Facebook as users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynette Clemetson, formerly with NPR and now at the University of Michigan, says of Post 1, “now that’s just dumb.” Post 2, she says, sounds like a “rant.” Chip Mahaney, a former managing editor at a Fox television station, agrees. Both experts venture to guess that the posts are acceptable speech on the platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To their surprise, they’re not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When NPR flagged the posts, Facebook censors decided to take them down. The spokesperson explains to NPR: It’s OK to use racial slurs when being self-referential. A black person can say things like “my niggers.” But no one can use a slur to attack an individual or group. That’s prohibited. A white person cannot use the word “nigger” to mock or attack blacks. Blacks can’t use “crakkker” (in whatever spelling) to offend whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wiggle room in pictures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are so many caveats and exceptions — particularly when it comes to interpreting images and videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider this post:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178634\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-800x413.jpg\" alt=\"This image showing a noose, which was flagged by NPR, was not removed. A Facebook spokesperson explains that if the image included a person, a specific victim of a hate crime, then it would be removed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-800x413.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-160x83.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-960x496.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-240x124.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-375x194.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-520x269.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85.jpg 995w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This image showing a noose, which was flagged by NPR, was not removed. A Facebook spokesperson explains that if the image included a person, a specific victim of a hate crime, then it would be removed. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is a noose, the kind used to hang slaves. Beside it is a sign. While the letters are faded, you can make out the words: “Nigger swing set.” It was shared by a user named “White Lives Matter 2.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news veterans would take it down. Clemetson says it’s not quite a call to violent action, but it’s certainly a reference to past action. “It’s a reference to lynching — and making a joke of lynching.” Mahaney says this is “obviously a pretty difficult picture to look at” and his instinct is, unless there’s a deeper context, “I would say it has no place on here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook left it up, and stands by that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson explains this historical reference doesn’t have a human victim clearly depicted. If the image included a person, a specific subject of a hate crime, then it would be removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson also made a claim that has not panned out: that in some situations, like this one, Facebook requires the user who created the page to add their real name to the “about” section. By removing anonymity, the hope is, people will be more thoughtful about what they post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson says “White Lives Matter 2” was told to identify him or herself promptly. Yet more than a month after NPR flagged the post, it hadn’t happened — yet another way Facebook’s enforcement mechanism is broken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>With news, a double standard emerges\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the user rules weren’t nuanced enough, add to that a new plot line: CEO Zuckerberg decided to forge partnerships with news media to make his social network the most powerful distributor of news on Earth. (Facebook pays NPR and other news organizations to produce live videos for its site.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Facebook has found in the process is that it’s much harder to censor high-profile newsmakers than it is to censor regular users. As one source says, “Whoever screams the loudest gets our attention. We react.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s making newsworthy content a whole other category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider the scandals around “Napalm Girl” and Donald Trump. In the first, Facebook was slammed for not allowing users to share \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/09/493267919/after-facebook-censors-iconic-photo-norwegian-newspaper-pushes-back\">a Pulitzer Prize-winning photo\u003c/a> because it showed child nudity. In the second, Facebook came under criticism for allowing Donald Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-employees-wanted-to-block-donald-trump-report-2016-10\">to call for a ban on Muslims\u003c/a> coming to the U.S. — what is clearly hate speech under their regular rules, according to two former employees and a current one. One source said, “He hadn’t even won the Republican primary yet. What we decided mattered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases, the company caved to public pressure and decided to bend the rules. The source says both decisions were “highly controversial” among employees; and they signal that Facebook leadership is feeling pressure to move toward a free-speech standard for news distribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How to define news is a huge source of controversy — not just with the elections, but with every charged moment. After Trump won, some critics blamed fake news on Facebook for the election’s outcome. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/11/11/501743684/zuckerberg-denies-fake-news-on-facebook-had-impact-on-the-election\">Zuckerberg dismisses that idea\u003c/a>). After Philando Castile was shot by police, his video disappeared from Facebook. The company says it was “a glitch” and restored it. And the concern over its removal is part of an \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/08/05/facebook-video-police/\">ongoing debate\u003c/a> about what police-civilian standoffs should be live-streamed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in Silicon Valley dismiss the criticisms against Facebook as schadenfreude: Just like taxi drivers don’t like Uber, legacy media envies the success of the social platform and enjoys seeing its leadership on the hot seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former employee is not so dismissive and says there is a cultural problem, a stubborn blindness at Facebook and other leading internet companies like Twitter. The source says: “The hardest problems these companies face aren’t technological. They are ethical, and there’s not as much rigor in how it’s done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a values level, some experts point out, Facebook has to decide if its solution is free speech (the more people post, the more the truth rises), or clear restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And technically, there’s no shortage of ideas about how to fix the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former employee says speech is so complex, you can’t expect Facebook to arrive at the same decision each and every time; but you can expect a company that consistently ranks among the 10 most valuable on Earth, by market cap, to put more thought and resources into its censorship machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The source argues Facebook could afford to make content management regional — have decisions come from the same country in which a post occurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speech norms are highly regional. When Facebook first opened its offices in Hyderabad, India, a former employee says, the guidance the reviewers got was to remove sexual content. In a test run, they ended up removing French kissing. Senior management was blown away. The Indian reviewers were doing something Facebook did not expect but which makes perfect sense for local norms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvard business professor Ben Edelman says Facebook could invest engineering resources into categorizing the posts. “It makes no sense at all,” he says, that when a piece of content is flagged, it goes into one long line. The company could have the algorithm track what flagged content is getting the most circulation and move that up in the queue, he suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg finds himself at the helm of a company that started as a tech company — run by algorithms, free of human judgment, the mythology went. And now he’s just so clearly the CEO of a media company — replete with highly complex rules (What is hate speech anyway?); with double standards (If it’s “news” it stays, if it’s a rant it goes); and with an enforcement mechanism that is set up to fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Gabriela Mejias and Justina Vasquez contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Editor’s Note:\u003c/strong> This story contains images and language that some readers may find disturbing.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mark Zuckerberg — one of the most insightful, adept leaders in the business world — has a problem. It’s a problem he has been slow to acknowledge, even though it has become more apparent by the day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Several current and former Facebook employees tell NPR there is a lot of internal turmoil about how the platform does and doesn’t censor content that users find offensive. And outside Facebook, the public is regularly confounded by the company’s decisions — around controversial posts and around fake news.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(Did \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/pope-francis-donald-trump-endorsement/\">Pope Francis really endorse\u003c/a> Donald Trump? Does Hillary Clinton really have a \u003ca href=\"http://eaglerising.com/36880/a-hillary-clinton-administration-may-be-entirely-run-by-a-figurehead/\">body double\u003c/a>?)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Behind whatever the controversy of the moment happens to be, there’s a deep-seated problem. The problem is this: At age 19, the then-boy genius started a social network that was basically a tech-savvy way to \u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2007/jul/25/media.newmedia\">check out classmates\u003c/a> in school. Then, over the course of 12 years, he made some very strategic decisions that have morphed Facebook into the most powerful distributor on Earth — the new front page of the news for \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.fb.com/company-info/\">more than 1 billion\u003c/a> people every day. But Zuckerberg didn’t sign up to head a media company — as in, one that has to make editorial judgments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/495827410/502402451\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and his team have made a very complex set of contradictory rules — a bias toward restricted speech for regular users, and toward free speech for “news” (real or fake). And the company relies on a sprawling army of subcontractors to enforce the rules. People involved in trying to make it work say they’re in way over their heads. As one employee put it, “We started out of a college dorm. I mean, c’mon, we’re Facebook. We never wanted to deal with this s***.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Subcontractors running the show\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR got the official version of how the company censors and leaves up content this summer when Facebook’s head of policy, Monika Bickert, agreed to a phone interview. We spoke with 10 current and former employees total, on the record and on background, for this investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s hard to remember this sometimes, but Facebook has never claimed to be a free-speech platform. The company is trying to create a safe space where, unlike on Twitter, people can share without being trolled or shamed. Bickert is in charge of setting the content policies. The \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/communitystandards\">Community Standards\u003c/a>, which are posted online, are the rules for everyday users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>She explained that when a user reports a piece of content that might be offensive, the company exercises its power to censor with precision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Context is so important. It’s critical when we are looking to determine whether or not something is hate speech, or a credible threat of violence,” she said. “We look at how a specific person shared a specific post or word or photo to Facebook. So we’re looking to see why did this particular share happen on Facebook? Why did this particular post happen?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, three of Bickert’s former colleagues tell a very different story of how Facebook deals with controversial content. They and others declined to be named for fear of job repercussions (at Facebook or at their current employers, also internet companies), but their descriptions are consistent with each other.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When a user flags a post on Facebook — whether it’s a picture, video or text post — it goes to a little-known division called the “community operations team.”\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘You have to use judgment, in a system that doesn’t give you the time to make a real judgment.’\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In 2010, the sources say, the team had a couple hundred workers in five countries. Facebook found it needed more hands on deck. After trying crowdsourcing solutions like CrowdFlower, the company turned to the consulting firm Accenture to put together a dedicated team of subcontractors. Sources say the team is now several thousand people, with some of the largest offices in Manila, the Philippines, and Warsaw, Poland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current and former employees of Facebook say that they’ve observed these subcontractors in action; that they are told to go fast — very fast; that they’re evaluated on speed; and that on average, a worker makes a decision about a piece of flagged content once every 10 seconds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Let’s do a back-of-the-envelope calculation. Say a worker is doing an eight-hour shift, at the rate of one post per 10 seconds. That means they’re clearing 2,880 posts a day per person. When NPR ran these numbers by current and former employees, they said that sounds reasonable.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Facebook spokesperson says response times vary widely, depending on what is being reported; that the vast majority of flagged content is not removed; and that the numbers are off. Facebook did not provide alternative numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the sources — who have firsthand knowledge and spoke separately with NPR — are correct, then this may be the biggest editing — aka censorship — operation in the history of media. All the while, Facebook leaders insist they’re just running a “platform,” free of human judgment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A person who worked on this area of “content management” for Facebook (as an employee, not a subcontractor) says most of the content you see falls neatly into categories that don’t need deep reflection: “That’s an erect penis. Check.” So it’s not like the workers are analyzing every single one in detail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The problem is that simple and complex items all go into the same big pile. So, the source says, “you go on autopilot” and don’t realize when “you have to use judgment, in a system that doesn’t give you the time to make a real judgment.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A classic case is something like “Becky looks pregnant.” It could be cyberbullying or a compliment. The subcontractor “pretty much tosses a coin,” the source says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s another huge barrier. Because of privacy laws and technical glitches (such as a post that is truncated to show only part of the conversation), the subcontractors typically don’t get to see the full context — to which Bickert referred so often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Frequent errors\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That could be the cause of frequent errors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR decided to stress-test the system by flagging nearly 200 posts that could be considered hate speech — specifically, attacks against blacks and against whites in the U.S. We found that Facebook subcontractors were not consistent and made numerous mistakes, including in instances where a user calls for violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We say they were mistakes because the company changed its position in dozens of instances, removing some and restoring others — either when we flagged it a second time through the automated system or brought it to the attention of Facebook headquarters in Menlo Park.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider this post:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178624\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178624\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-800x949.jpg\" alt=\"A comment on this post (indicated by the light gray text) was flagged by NPR. Facebook's subcontractors did not remove the comment, but after being pressed further, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and it should have been removed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"949\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-160x190.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-240x285.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-375x445.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/FBNPR800-520x617.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A comment on this post (indicated by the light gray text) was flagged by NPR. Facebook’s subcontractors did not remove the comment, but after being pressed further, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and it should have been removed. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>One user shares a video of a police officer kicking someone on the ground, and another says they “need to start organizing and sniping these bitches.” This is a call to shoot cops.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s occurring in a very specific context: days after \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/07/485066807/police-stop-ends-in-black-mans-death-aftermath-is-livestreamed-online-video\">Philando Castile\u003c/a> was shot and killed by an officer (the shooting’s aftermath was live-streamed on Facebook); and in a city in Minnesota that’s just a few miles away from where Castile lay bleeding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The subcontractors did not remove the post. When NPR emailed Facebook headquarters about it, a spokesperson said they made a mistake and the post should have been removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One source tells NPR that the subcontractor “likely” could not see the full post if just the comment was flagged, could not see the profile of the user or even view the video to which the user was responding — again for privacy or technical reasons.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Different projects within Facebook have to compete fiercely for engineering talent, and have to make the case that their to-do list is worth expensive company resources. Two sources say that over the years, it’s been hard to make that case for fixing the editing system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178627\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178627\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-800x574.jpg\" alt=\"Of posts that NPR flagged, this one, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up erroneously, according to Facebook officials.\" width=\"800\" height=\"574\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-800x574.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-160x115.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-240x172.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-375x269.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800-520x373.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/WLM800.jpg 813w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Of posts that NPR flagged, this one, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up erroneously, according to Facebook officials. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NPR shared many posts with the company to get specific feedback on why something stayed up or was taken down. This post, with the hashtag #blacklivesdontmatter, was left up. The spokesperson says it should have been removed, but the reviewer’s perspective is not the same as a regular Facebook user; and because the company is protecting privacy, reviewers don’t have access to everything, which \u003cem>can\u003c/em> affect their judgments. Also, the spokesperson says, reviewers don’t have the time a person at Facebook headquarters or at NPR may have to make a decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another spokesperson notes that just because the reviewer has a limited view does not mean Bickert’s description is incorrect — that the two versions of the process are not mutually exclusive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A restrictive platform\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR also finds, interestingly, that Facebook can be strict.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Think of it this way. Every media outlet has its own culture and voice. If \u003cem>The New York Times \u003c/em>is urban liberal, Fox News is conservative, and Playboy is racy, you could say Facebook aspires to be nice — a global brand that’s as easy to swallow as Coca-Cola. (In this provocative \u003ca href=\"http://shorensteincenter.org/jeffrey-rosen-future-of-free-speech-in-a-digital-world/\">talk at Harvard’s Shorenstein Center\u003c/a>, law professor and author Jeffrey Rosen says Facebook favors “civility” over “liberty.”)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bias is evident in these real-life examples:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178629\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178629\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-800x428.jpg\" alt=\"One example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used.\" width=\"800\" height=\"428\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-800x428.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-160x86.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-240x128.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-375x201.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-520x278.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85-280x150.jpg 280w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/smack-cheese-edit_custom-ba74c37ee123fac3f669f0406811bf1976130be4-s1600-c85.jpg 888w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178632\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178632\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-800x301.jpg\" alt=\"A second example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used.\" width=\"800\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-160x60.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-240x90.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-375x141.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/SadisticCap-520x196.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A second example of a Facebook post that was flagged where racial slurs were used. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>NPR asked two newsroom veterans to put themselves in the position of a Facebook content arbiter. We don’t have access to Facebook’s internal guidance on hate speech, so they had to rely on their own judgment and familiarity with Facebook as users.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lynette Clemetson, formerly with NPR and now at the University of Michigan, says of Post 1, “now that’s just dumb.” Post 2, she says, sounds like a “rant.” Chip Mahaney, a former managing editor at a Fox television station, agrees. Both experts venture to guess that the posts are acceptable speech on the platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To their surprise, they’re not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When NPR flagged the posts, Facebook censors decided to take them down. The spokesperson explains to NPR: It’s OK to use racial slurs when being self-referential. A black person can say things like “my niggers.” But no one can use a slur to attack an individual or group. That’s prohibited. A white person cannot use the word “nigger” to mock or attack blacks. Blacks can’t use “crakkker” (in whatever spelling) to offend whites.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Wiggle room in pictures\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are so many caveats and exceptions — particularly when it comes to interpreting images and videos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider this post:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11178634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11178634\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-800x413.jpg\" alt=\"This image showing a noose, which was flagged by NPR, was not removed. A Facebook spokesperson explains that if the image included a person, a specific victim of a hate crime, then it would be removed.\" width=\"800\" height=\"413\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-800x413.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-160x83.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-960x496.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-240x124.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-375x194.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85-520x269.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/swing-set-edit-final_custom-607fe4060240382150d79dfee8f71c7067a2438c-s1600-c85.jpg 995w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This image showing a noose, which was flagged by NPR, was not removed. A Facebook spokesperson explains that if the image included a person, a specific victim of a hate crime, then it would be removed. \u003ccite>(Facebook/Screenshot by NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This is a noose, the kind used to hang slaves. Beside it is a sign. While the letters are faded, you can make out the words: “Nigger swing set.” It was shared by a user named “White Lives Matter 2.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The news veterans would take it down. Clemetson says it’s not quite a call to violent action, but it’s certainly a reference to past action. “It’s a reference to lynching — and making a joke of lynching.” Mahaney says this is “obviously a pretty difficult picture to look at” and his instinct is, unless there’s a deeper context, “I would say it has no place on here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook left it up, and stands by that decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson explains this historical reference doesn’t have a human victim clearly depicted. If the image included a person, a specific subject of a hate crime, then it would be removed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson also made a claim that has not panned out: that in some situations, like this one, Facebook requires the user who created the page to add their real name to the “about” section. By removing anonymity, the hope is, people will be more thoughtful about what they post.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The spokesperson says “White Lives Matter 2” was told to identify him or herself promptly. Yet more than a month after NPR flagged the post, it hadn’t happened — yet another way Facebook’s enforcement mechanism is broken.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>With news, a double standard emerges\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the user rules weren’t nuanced enough, add to that a new plot line: CEO Zuckerberg decided to forge partnerships with news media to make his social network the most powerful distributor of news on Earth. (Facebook pays NPR and other news organizations to produce live videos for its site.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What Facebook has found in the process is that it’s much harder to censor high-profile newsmakers than it is to censor regular users. As one source says, “Whoever screams the loudest gets our attention. We react.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that’s making newsworthy content a whole other category.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Consider the scandals around “Napalm Girl” and Donald Trump. In the first, Facebook was slammed for not allowing users to share \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/09/09/493267919/after-facebook-censors-iconic-photo-norwegian-newspaper-pushes-back\">a Pulitzer Prize-winning photo\u003c/a> because it showed child nudity. In the second, Facebook came under criticism for allowing Donald Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.businessinsider.com/facebook-employees-wanted-to-block-donald-trump-report-2016-10\">to call for a ban on Muslims\u003c/a> coming to the U.S. — what is clearly hate speech under their regular rules, according to two former employees and a current one. One source said, “He hadn’t even won the Republican primary yet. What we decided mattered.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In both cases, the company caved to public pressure and decided to bend the rules. The source says both decisions were “highly controversial” among employees; and they signal that Facebook leadership is feeling pressure to move toward a free-speech standard for news distribution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How to define news is a huge source of controversy — not just with the elections, but with every charged moment. After Trump won, some critics blamed fake news on Facebook for the election’s outcome. (\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/11/11/501743684/zuckerberg-denies-fake-news-on-facebook-had-impact-on-the-election\">Zuckerberg dismisses that idea\u003c/a>). After Philando Castile was shot by police, his video disappeared from Facebook. The company says it was “a glitch” and restored it. And the concern over its removal is part of an \u003ca href=\"http://fortune.com/2016/08/05/facebook-video-police/\">ongoing debate\u003c/a> about what police-civilian standoffs should be live-streamed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>What now?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some in Silicon Valley dismiss the criticisms against Facebook as schadenfreude: Just like taxi drivers don’t like Uber, legacy media envies the success of the social platform and enjoys seeing its leadership on the hot seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former employee is not so dismissive and says there is a cultural problem, a stubborn blindness at Facebook and other leading internet companies like Twitter. The source says: “The hardest problems these companies face aren’t technological. They are ethical, and there’s not as much rigor in how it’s done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a values level, some experts point out, Facebook has to decide if its solution is free speech (the more people post, the more the truth rises), or clear restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And technically, there’s no shortage of ideas about how to fix the process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A former employee says speech is so complex, you can’t expect Facebook to arrive at the same decision each and every time; but you can expect a company that consistently ranks among the 10 most valuable on Earth, by market cap, to put more thought and resources into its censorship machine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The source argues Facebook could afford to make content management regional — have decisions come from the same country in which a post occurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speech norms are highly regional. When Facebook first opened its offices in Hyderabad, India, a former employee says, the guidance the reviewers got was to remove sexual content. In a test run, they ended up removing French kissing. Senior management was blown away. The Indian reviewers were doing something Facebook did not expect but which makes perfect sense for local norms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Harvard business professor Ben Edelman says Facebook could invest engineering resources into categorizing the posts. “It makes no sense at all,” he says, that when a piece of content is flagged, it goes into one long line. The company could have the algorithm track what flagged content is getting the most circulation and move that up in the queue, he suggests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg finds himself at the helm of a company that started as a tech company — run by algorithms, free of human judgment, the mythology went. And now he’s just so clearly the CEO of a media company — replete with highly complex rules (What is hate speech anyway?); with double standards (If it’s “news” it stays, if it’s a rant it goes); and with an enforcement mechanism that is set up to fail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Gabriela Mejias and Justina Vasquez contributed reporting to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"title": "Hundreds of U.S. Businesses Urge Trump to Uphold Paris Climate Deal",
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"content": "\u003cp>Hundreds of businesses such as Starbucks, General Mills and Hewlett Packard are asking President-elect Donald Trump to follow through on U.S. commitments to combat climate change. They argue it’s good for business.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Trump has threatened to scrap the Paris agreement and invest in the “low carbon economy at home and abroad.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The group of more than 360 companies and investors made their plea \u003ca href=\"http://www.lowcarbonusa.org/\">in an open letter\u003c/a> to Trump, President Obama and members of Congress. They called on Trump to “continue U.S. participation in the Paris agreement,” which he has threatened to scrap, and invest in the “low carbon economy at home and abroad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signatories also include DuPont, eBay, Nike, Unilever, Levi Strauss & Co., and Hilton. They issued the letter Wednesday during a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/08/501194848/climate-conference-aims-to-put-paris-agreement-into-action\">major U.N. climate conference\u003c/a> in Marrakech, Morocco, where representatives of nearly 200 countries were gathered to hash out the details of the Paris climate deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As members of the U.S. business and investor community, they emphasized their “deep commitment to addressing climate change” and pledged to their part, “in our operations and beyond,” to meet the goals of the agreement to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Failure to build a low-carbon economy puts American prosperity at risk. But the right action now will create jobs and boost US competitiveness,” the letter states. “Implementing the Paris Agreement will enable and encourage businesses and investors to turn the billions of dollars in existing low-carbon investments into the trillions of dollars the world needs to bring clean energy and prosperity to all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. commitments to the Paris accord are voluntary, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/10/501481492/trump-has-a-chance-to-pull-u-s-out-of-climate-accord\">as NPR’s Christopher Joyce has reported\u003c/a>. He added that experts are concerned that the U.S. could walk away from the deal and gut Obama’s domestic climate change strategy. This could also discourage other countries from working to lower their own emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The new administration has created a huge amount of uncertainty, and that’s bad for business,” MIT management professor \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketplace.org/2016/11/17/sustainability/climate-change\">John Sterman told Marketplace\u003c/a>. “So staying the course on the U.S. commitments to reduce emissions, to follow through on our Paris commitment is essential to lower that uncertainty, give businesses the confidence to develop and implement strategies that are going to build advantage, lower risk, and lower their costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has previously labeled climate change a hoax. In 2012, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/265895292191248385?lang=en\">he tweeted that it was\u003c/a> a concept “created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/265895292191248385\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/16/502175860/from-lobbyists-to-loyalists-see-whos-on-donald-trumps-transition-team\">As NPR has reported\u003c/a>, Trump has appointed Myron Ebell to lead the Environmental Protection Agency transition team. Ebell “directs environmental and energy policy at the Competitive Enterprise Institute and is a leading climate change skeptic. He opposes the Clean Power Plan, which is aimed at reducing carbon emissions, calling it illegal. He heads a group called the ‘Cooler Heads Coalition’ that questions ‘global warming alarmism.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter’s overall message suggests that in the business community, environmental groups might have what would seem to be an unlikely ally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Environmental groups have been left with the daunting prospect that, with a climate skeptic in the White House, they will need to look directly to corporations to assume the mantle of leading the country’s response to climate change,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/17/business/energy-environment/us-companies-to-trump-dont-abandon-global-climate-deal.html?_r=0\">as The New York Times reported\u003c/a>. “But without strict regulatory standards or oversight, companies will be left freer to pick and choose which climate-friendly policies to pursue, and which they will choose to ignore or abandon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hundreds+Of+U.S.+Businesses+Urge+Trump+To+Uphold+Paris+Climate+Deal&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hundreds of businesses such as Starbucks, General Mills and Hewlett Packard are asking President-elect Donald Trump to follow through on U.S. commitments to combat climate change. They argue it’s good for business.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">Trump has threatened to scrap the Paris agreement and invest in the “low carbon economy at home and abroad.”\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>The group of more than 360 companies and investors made their plea \u003ca href=\"http://www.lowcarbonusa.org/\">in an open letter\u003c/a> to Trump, President Obama and members of Congress. They called on Trump to “continue U.S. participation in the Paris agreement,” which he has threatened to scrap, and invest in the “low carbon economy at home and abroad.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The signatories also include DuPont, eBay, Nike, Unilever, Levi Strauss & Co., and Hilton. They issued the letter Wednesday during a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/08/501194848/climate-conference-aims-to-put-paris-agreement-into-action\">major U.N. climate conference\u003c/a> in Marrakech, Morocco, where representatives of nearly 200 countries were gathered to hash out the details of the Paris climate deal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As members of the U.S. business and investor community, they emphasized their “deep commitment to addressing climate change” and pledged to their part, “in our operations and beyond,” to meet the goals of the agreement to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Failure to build a low-carbon economy puts American prosperity at risk. But the right action now will create jobs and boost US competitiveness,” the letter states. “Implementing the Paris Agreement will enable and encourage businesses and investors to turn the billions of dollars in existing low-carbon investments into the trillions of dollars the world needs to bring clean energy and prosperity to all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. commitments to the Paris accord are voluntary, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/10/501481492/trump-has-a-chance-to-pull-u-s-out-of-climate-accord\">as NPR’s Christopher Joyce has reported\u003c/a>. He added that experts are concerned that the U.S. could walk away from the deal and gut Obama’s domestic climate change strategy. This could also discourage other countries from working to lower their own emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The new administration has created a huge amount of uncertainty, and that’s bad for business,” MIT management professor \u003ca href=\"https://www.marketplace.org/2016/11/17/sustainability/climate-change\">John Sterman told Marketplace\u003c/a>. “So staying the course on the U.S. commitments to reduce emissions, to follow through on our Paris commitment is essential to lower that uncertainty, give businesses the confidence to develop and implement strategies that are going to build advantage, lower risk, and lower their costs.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has previously labeled climate change a hoax. In 2012, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realdonaldtrump/status/265895292191248385?lang=en\">he tweeted that it was\u003c/a> a concept “created by and for the Chinese in order to make U.S. manufacturing non-competitive.”\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/16/502175860/from-lobbyists-to-loyalists-see-whos-on-donald-trumps-transition-team\">As NPR has reported\u003c/a>, Trump has appointed Myron Ebell to lead the Environmental Protection Agency transition team. Ebell “directs environmental and energy policy at the Competitive Enterprise Institute and is a leading climate change skeptic. He opposes the Clean Power Plan, which is aimed at reducing carbon emissions, calling it illegal. He heads a group called the ‘Cooler Heads Coalition’ that questions ‘global warming alarmism.’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The letter’s overall message suggests that in the business community, environmental groups might have what would seem to be an unlikely ally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Environmental groups have been left with the daunting prospect that, with a climate skeptic in the White House, they will need to look directly to corporations to assume the mantle of leading the country’s response to climate change,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/17/business/energy-environment/us-companies-to-trump-dont-abandon-global-climate-deal.html?_r=0\">as The New York Times reported\u003c/a>. “But without strict regulatory standards or oversight, companies will be left freer to pick and choose which climate-friendly policies to pursue, and which they will choose to ignore or abandon.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Hundreds+Of+U.S.+Businesses+Urge+Trump+To+Uphold+Paris+Climate+Deal&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Twitter has suspended several accounts linked to the alt-right movement, which has been associated with white nationalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes as Twitter is \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/15/502170396/twitter-adds-new-ways-to-mute-and-report-abusive-posts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rolling out\u003c/a> a series of actions to curb hate speech and abuse on its platform as criticism has mounted of the company’s failure to rein in harassment, racism, sexism and anti-Semitism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suspended accounts include those of Richard Spencer, who is considered one of the movement’s founders, his magazine \u003cem>Radix Journal\u003c/em>, an associated account @_AltRight_ and his Virginia-based think tank called the National Policy Institute, whose website \u003ca href=\"http://www.npiamerica.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">describes it\u003c/a> as “dedicated to the heritage, identity, and future of people of European descent in the United States, and around the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other suspended accounts include those of prominent alt-right members Pax Dickinson, former CTO of Business Insider, and Ricky Vaughn, who has been suspended in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a YouTube video titled “\u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/event/Night-of-the-Long-Knives\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Knight of Long Knives\u003c/a>,” Spencer says he and others weren’t trolling or harassing anyone on Twitter, but to “give people some updates and maybe comment on a news story here and there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is corporate Stalinism, in a sense that there is a great purge going on and they’re purging people on the basis of their views,” Spencer says \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qiADHzBOqZ0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in the video\u003c/a>, later adding: “Social media did help elect Trump. This is a clear sign that we have power. … We have power and we’re changing the world and they’re not going to put up with it anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked for comment, Twitter pointed NPR to its rules, which “prohibit violent threats, harassment, hateful conduct, and multiple account abuse, and we will take action on accounts violating those policies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter’s policy \u003ca href=\"https://support.twitter.com/articles/20175050\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">defines hateful conduct\u003c/a> pretty broadly as attacks or threats or promotion of violence against people “on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, religious affiliation, age, disability, or disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”2Gi9FLNYtpfwpYln4m6GOzRPjKUt7OO6″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among examples of behavior that Twitter won’t tolerate, the company lists references to mass murder or violence that has primarily targeted or victimized a protected group, actions that incite fear about a protected group and repeated slurs or degrading language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, Twitter is making the biggest expansion yet of the \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/2016/progress-on-addressing-online-abuse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tools available to users\u003c/a> to report or avoid seeing offensive and abusive language. The social platform is allowing people to “mute” not just particular accounts, but also words, phrases or conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Twitter \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/20/486726291/twitter-permanently-suspends-conservative-writer-for-targeted-abuse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">permanently banned\u003c/a> conservative Breitbart writer and prominent alt-right member Milo Yiannopoulos amid a campaign targeted at \u003cem>Ghostbusters\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Saturday Night Live\u003c/em> star Leslie Jones, who \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2016/07/22/486772810/turns-out-fighting-fat-shaming-and-racist-trolls-is-also-a-ghostbuster-s-job\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">temporarily left Twitter\u003c/a> under a barrage of abusive messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Twitter has suspended several accounts linked to the alt-right movement, which has been associated with white nationalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes as Twitter is \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/15/502170396/twitter-adds-new-ways-to-mute-and-report-abusive-posts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">rolling out\u003c/a> a series of actions to curb hate speech and abuse on its platform as criticism has mounted of the company’s failure to rein in harassment, racism, sexism and anti-Semitism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Suspended accounts include those of Richard Spencer, who is considered one of the movement’s founders, his magazine \u003cem>Radix Journal\u003c/em>, an associated account @_AltRight_ and his Virginia-based think tank called the National Policy Institute, whose website \u003ca href=\"http://www.npiamerica.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">describes it\u003c/a> as “dedicated to the heritage, identity, and future of people of European descent in the United States, and around the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other suspended accounts include those of prominent alt-right members Pax Dickinson, former CTO of Business Insider, and Ricky Vaughn, who has been suspended in the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a YouTube video titled “\u003ca href=\"https://www.britannica.com/event/Night-of-the-Long-Knives\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The Knight of Long Knives\u003c/a>,” Spencer says he and others weren’t trolling or harassing anyone on Twitter, but to “give people some updates and maybe comment on a news story here and there.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is corporate Stalinism, in a sense that there is a great purge going on and they’re purging people on the basis of their views,” Spencer says \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qiADHzBOqZ0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">in the video\u003c/a>, later adding: “Social media did help elect Trump. This is a clear sign that we have power. … We have power and we’re changing the world and they’re not going to put up with it anymore.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asked for comment, Twitter pointed NPR to its rules, which “prohibit violent threats, harassment, hateful conduct, and multiple account abuse, and we will take action on accounts violating those policies.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter’s policy \u003ca href=\"https://support.twitter.com/articles/20175050\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">defines hateful conduct\u003c/a> pretty broadly as attacks or threats or promotion of violence against people “on the basis of race, ethnicity, national origin, sexual orientation, gender, gender identity, religious affiliation, age, disability, or disease.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Among examples of behavior that Twitter won’t tolerate, the company lists references to mass murder or violence that has primarily targeted or victimized a protected group, actions that incite fear about a protected group and repeated slurs or degrading language.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This week, Twitter is making the biggest expansion yet of the \u003ca href=\"https://blog.twitter.com/2016/progress-on-addressing-online-abuse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">tools available to users\u003c/a> to report or avoid seeing offensive and abusive language. The social platform is allowing people to “mute” not just particular accounts, but also words, phrases or conversations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this year, Twitter \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/20/486726291/twitter-permanently-suspends-conservative-writer-for-targeted-abuse\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">permanently banned\u003c/a> conservative Breitbart writer and prominent alt-right member Milo Yiannopoulos amid a campaign targeted at \u003cem>Ghostbusters\u003c/em> and \u003cem>Saturday Night Live\u003c/em> star Leslie Jones, who \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2016/07/22/486772810/turns-out-fighting-fat-shaming-and-racist-trolls-is-also-a-ghostbuster-s-job\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">temporarily left Twitter\u003c/a> under a barrage of abusive messages.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Steve Bannon, the newly named chief strategist for the nascent Trump White House, boasts a resume packed with a series of seeming non sequiturs. He had a stint in the U.S. Navy, worked for a stretch at Goldman Sachs, became a Hollywood investor who made a fortune off \u003cem>Seinfeld \u003c/em>reruns, and ran the secretive experimental community Biosphere 2 outside Tucson, Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the line on the resume drawing all the controversy: Bannon’s time as executive chairman of Breitbart, turning the right-wing news site into the platform of the so-called alt-right, \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/08/stephen-bannon-donald-trump-alt-right-breitbart-news\">as he once told Mother Jones magazine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That online community coalesced around the conviction that the Republican Party and establishment conservatives have sold out a vision of America deeply influenced by nationalist thought, some of which is overtly racist. Certain alt-right adherents have unleashed a wave of anti-Semitic, racist and misogynist vitriol online against supporters of Trump’s rival Republicans, Clinton voters, and journalists during this campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/502165973/502166120\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent days, critics from the left and the right have charged that Trump has invited a modern face of racism into the White House. Consider these tweets from John Weaver, the former chief campaign strategist for Ohio Gov. John Kasich during this year’s Republican primaries, and Mark Salter, the longtime adviser and speechwriter for Republican Sen. John McCain’s 2008 presidential bid:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/JWGOP/status/797915707199680512\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/MarkSalter55/status/797924523475488768\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Bernie Sanders, who challenged Hillary Clinton for the Democratic presidential nomination, urged Trump to reconsider Bannon in an interview with NPR for \u003cem>All Things Considered \u003c/em>Monday. “I hope that he understands that in the year 2016, we are not going back to a society rampant with racism and sexism and homophobia and xenophobia,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/14/502021122/bernie-sanders-calls-for-fundamental-reassessment-of-democratic-party\">Sanders told NPR’s Robert Siegel\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bannon’s appointment \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/14/politics/white-nationalists-on-bannon/\">has been cheered\u003c/a> by leaders of the Ku Klux Klan, the American Nazi Party and other white nationalist groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Do6GrRg56RTiVl0ihsfObYmiqFcP1wb4″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Bannon, Breitbart spoke increasingly to that alt-right audience with headlines and stories seemingly designed to offend African-Americans, Latinos, Muslims, women, gays, transgender people and others. The site already had built a following among the more conservative wing of Republicans for its gleeful stunts and the outrageous rhetoric of its founder, the late Andrew Breitbart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bannon pushed the boundaries farther, according to Kurt Bardella, the site’s top public relations consultant for three years until his resignation earlier this year. I asked Bardella what he made of the criticism that the site published racist stories. “I thought [the criticisms] were all completely valid and all true,” he responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘What we need to do is bitch-slap the Republican Party.’\u003ccite>Steve Bannon\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Bardella argued that Bannon sought to incite Breitbart’s more bigoted readers to generate more clicks and shares, more controversy and more pressure on Republicans to take nationalist and anti-immigration stands. Calls for corrections of fact or apologies for their rhetoric led Bannon to urge his writers to hold firm on their outrages, Bardella says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You look to the top for direction, for boundaries,” Bardella says. “And when there aren’t any, it empowers everybody beneath you to double down and do that to the nth degree. And that’s what really happened.” (Bardella is far from a liberal critic; he was previously the spokesman for the Republican-led House Oversight and Government Reform Committee that launched investigations of the Obama administration and Hillary Clinton.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Breitbart headline declared: “Birth Control Makes Women Unattractive And Crazy.” Another called former Arizona Rep. Gabby Giffords, who suffered near-fatal wounds during an assassination attempt in which six others died, “The Gun Control Movement’s Human Shield.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”gYDctLyFG20nmN1cuiIeRBLEq78Rwi2L”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some stories carried the designation “Black Crime” as though criminality were racial. Another headline proclaimed “Hoist It High And Proud: The Confederate Flag Proclaims A Glorious Heritage” less than two weeks after a racist white allegedly killed nine people at a historically black church in Charleston, South Carolina, in hopes of igniting a race war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Carolina’s Republican governor instead removed the Confederate battle flag from state Capitol grounds. Transgender people are referred to with the dated slur “trannies.” William Kristol, editor of the conservative \u003cem>Weekly Standard,\u003c/em> was called a “Renegade Jew” for opposing Trump’s march to the Republican nomination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Breitbart editor in chief Joel Pollak says that Bannon built on Andrew Breitbart’s already extant plans to unify a series of interlocking Breitbart blogs into a single news site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The presidency of Barack Obama served as a rallying cry for the right. But Republican nominee Mitt Romney’s loss in 2012 became a pivot for the site. While Andrew Breitbart reveled in the Tea Party, he tended to urge coalescing around Republican nominees. Pollak says Bannon disdained the party’s conclusions that it needed to reach out more to Latinos and ease its stance on illegal immigration. Fox News pundits had become too cozy with the establishment, Bannon concluded. He became Breitbart’s executive chairman in 2012 after the death of Andrew Breitbart and he moved the site’s headquarters from Southern California to Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bannon’s own rhetoric could be severe as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”RLo1s7078o3rKca7CwM7rP3mTLaBDNIA”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we need to do is bitch-slap the Republican Party, and get those guys heeding, too,” Bannon told the conservative talk show\u003cem> Political Vindication Radio\u003c/em> in 2010. “And if we have to, we’ll take it over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the same program a year later, Bannon \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/andrewkaczynski/trump-campaign-ceo-once-blasted-bunch-of-dykes-from-the-seve?utm_term=.xsg00Og4R#.bqGKKB206\">denigrated liberal feminists\u003c/a> with an anti-lesbian slur and praised instead conservatives such as Michele Bachmann and Sarah Palin. It was a rebuke to the women’s liberation movement, Bannon said, that “the women that would lead this country would be feminists, they would be pro-family, they would have husbands, they would love their children. You know, they wouldn’t be a bunch of dykes that came from the Seven Sisters schools up in New England.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new Breitbart under Bannon took flight from the primary defeat of House Majority Leader Eric Cantor in 2014 by an economist who opposed easing the path to immigration, and the subsequent resignation of House Speaker John Boehner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Pollak, Bannon emphasized original reporting and expanded the site’s staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Breitbart evolved to become the propaganda arm, a de facto superPAC of the Trump campaign.’\u003ccite>Kurt Bardella, former public relations consultant for Breitbart\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Breitbart News is a conservative website. And we are not racist, we’re not anti-Semitic, we’re not anti-gay, we’re not anti-woman,” Pollak tells NPR. “We’re not any of those things.” Pollak is now the site’s senior editor at large and general counsel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview, Pollak sought to counter the accusations of offensive material piecemeal. The “Black Crime” designation was an error, placed on a relatively small number of articles, he said. Pollak noted the “Renegade Jew” headline was written by the incendiary Jewish conservative author David Horowitz, who this week \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/2016-presidential-race/2016/11/14/horowitz-anti-bannon-hysteria-more-evidence-the-left-has-lost-touch-with-the-american-people/\">blasted Bannon’s critics\u003c/a> as “the losers of the left.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Pollak says the site should not be held responsible for the words or slurs or attacks of people citing, sharing or commenting on its articles — no more than NPR or the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> should be blamed for insulting words from their respective audiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”CIK7kyajkeWpwgizXku97ksx4FfkFIrP”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Breitbart columnist Milo Yiannopoulos, a gay right-wing provocateur who has called feminists “a cancer” and explicitly wrote \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2015/11/16/im-a-gay-man-and-mass-muslim-immigration-terrifies-me/\">against Muslim immigration\u003c/a>, has lionized the alt-right while saying he is not a part of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet that misses how energizing Yiannopoulos has proved to young and gay conservatives, Pollak says. “Conservatives are used to having that kind of open debate and we are confronted all the time about our beliefs, but we don’t riot in the streets about it,” Pollak says. “You have to develop a sense of humor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollak says Bannon is inclusive, pointing to his own status as an observant Orthodox Jew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have Saturdays off, Jewish holidays off, and Steve Bannon always wishes me a ‘Shabbat shalom’ on Friday afternoon — just in case you were concerned about that,” Pollak says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The accusation of anti-Semitism is a sensitive one. During a custody battle, Bannon’s former wife accused him of making of a series of anti-Semitic remarks in arguing over their daughters’ schooling. He has denied making those comments. In 1996, before the divorce, police records show Bannon’s then-wife accused him of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/08/26/491440310/reports-new-trump-campaign-ceo-faced-domestic-violence-charge-in-1996\">physically attacking her\u003c/a>. Bannon pleaded not guilty and the case was dismissed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moment had an echo earlier this year when then-Trump campaign manager Corey Lewandowski forcibly grabbed former Breitbart reporter Michelle Fields to prevent her from approaching Trump after a rally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breitbart essentially backed Lewandowski’s denials over its own reporter — despite eyewitness accounts and videotape showing those denials were untrue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fields \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/14/470392998/reporter-and-editor-resign-from-breitbart-site-over-alleged-assault-at-trump-eve\">soon quit the site\u003c/a>, as did Bardella, who called Trump a demagogue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”49vAthUuLdZZaOZEQdWGuxpFairkRfuC”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Breitbart evolved to become the propaganda arm, a de facto superPAC of the Trump campaign,” Bardella told NPR. “And I think that was very evident if you looked at the homepage every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breitbart has been a sharp critic of House Speaker Paul Ryan, a conservative who has been trying to drive the party’s policy positions and who has close ties to Republican National Committee Chairman Reince Priebus. Priebus, the consummate establishment figure who has in the past promoted a more inclusive notion of the Republican Party, has been named Trump’s White House \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/14/501984948/who-is-reince-priebus-trumps-new-chief-of-staff\">chief of staff\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Breitbart writer Ben Shapiro, who quit the site in March, has written he has no reason to believe that Bannon shares the beliefs of racists or anti-Semites. But, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailywire.com/news/10770/3-thoughts-steve-bannon-white-house-chief-ben-shapiro\">Shapiro writes\u003c/a>, Bannon is “happy to pander to those people and make common cause with them in order to transform conservatism into European far-right nationalist populism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bannon is to be Priebus’ equal in the Trump administration. Outsider no more, Breitbart News can now serve as a voice reflecting the Bannon wing of the new Trump coalition. If desired, Breitbart can serve as its enforcer too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Steve Bannon, the newly named chief strategist for the nascent Trump White House, boasts a resume packed with a series of seeming non sequiturs. He had a stint in the U.S. Navy, worked for a stretch at Goldman Sachs, became a Hollywood investor who made a fortune off \u003cem>Seinfeld \u003c/em>reruns, and ran the secretive experimental community Biosphere 2 outside Tucson, Arizona.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there’s the line on the resume drawing all the controversy: Bannon’s time as executive chairman of Breitbart, turning the right-wing news site into the platform of the so-called alt-right, \u003ca href=\"http://www.motherjones.com/politics/2016/08/stephen-bannon-donald-trump-alt-right-breitbart-news\">as he once told Mother Jones magazine\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That online community coalesced around the conviction that the Republican Party and establishment conservatives have sold out a vision of America deeply influenced by nationalist thought, some of which is overtly racist. Certain alt-right adherents have unleashed a wave of anti-Semitic, racist and misogynist vitriol online against supporters of Trump’s rival Republicans, Clinton voters, and journalists during this campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/502165973/502166120\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In recent days, critics from the left and the right have charged that Trump has invited a modern face of racism into the White House. Consider these tweets from John Weaver, the former chief campaign strategist for Ohio Gov. John Kasich during this year’s Republican primaries, and Mark Salter, the longtime adviser and speechwriter for Republican Sen. John McCain’s 2008 presidential bid:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Sen. Bernie Sanders, who challenged Hillary Clinton for the Democratic presidential nomination, urged Trump to reconsider Bannon in an interview with NPR for \u003cem>All Things Considered \u003c/em>Monday. “I hope that he understands that in the year 2016, we are not going back to a society rampant with racism and sexism and homophobia and xenophobia,” \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/14/502021122/bernie-sanders-calls-for-fundamental-reassessment-of-democratic-party\">Sanders told NPR’s Robert Siegel\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bannon’s appointment \u003ca href=\"http://www.cnn.com/2016/11/14/politics/white-nationalists-on-bannon/\">has been cheered\u003c/a> by leaders of the Ku Klux Klan, the American Nazi Party and other white nationalist groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under Bannon, Breitbart spoke increasingly to that alt-right audience with headlines and stories seemingly designed to offend African-Americans, Latinos, Muslims, women, gays, transgender people and others. The site already had built a following among the more conservative wing of Republicans for its gleeful stunts and the outrageous rhetoric of its founder, the late Andrew Breitbart.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bannon pushed the boundaries farther, according to Kurt Bardella, the site’s top public relations consultant for three years until his resignation earlier this year. I asked Bardella what he made of the criticism that the site published racist stories. “I thought [the criticisms] were all completely valid and all true,” he responded.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘What we need to do is bitch-slap the Republican Party.’\u003ccite>Steve Bannon\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Bardella argued that Bannon sought to incite Breitbart’s more bigoted readers to generate more clicks and shares, more controversy and more pressure on Republicans to take nationalist and anti-immigration stands. Calls for corrections of fact or apologies for their rhetoric led Bannon to urge his writers to hold firm on their outrages, Bardella says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You look to the top for direction, for boundaries,” Bardella says. “And when there aren’t any, it empowers everybody beneath you to double down and do that to the nth degree. And that’s what really happened.” (Bardella is far from a liberal critic; he was previously the spokesman for the Republican-led House Oversight and Government Reform Committee that launched investigations of the Obama administration and Hillary Clinton.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One Breitbart headline declared: “Birth Control Makes Women Unattractive And Crazy.” Another called former Arizona Rep. Gabby Giffords, who suffered near-fatal wounds during an assassination attempt in which six others died, “The Gun Control Movement’s Human Shield.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some stories carried the designation “Black Crime” as though criminality were racial. Another headline proclaimed “Hoist It High And Proud: The Confederate Flag Proclaims A Glorious Heritage” less than two weeks after a racist white allegedly killed nine people at a historically black church in Charleston, South Carolina, in hopes of igniting a race war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>South Carolina’s Republican governor instead removed the Confederate battle flag from state Capitol grounds. Transgender people are referred to with the dated slur “trannies.” William Kristol, editor of the conservative \u003cem>Weekly Standard,\u003c/em> was called a “Renegade Jew” for opposing Trump’s march to the Republican nomination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Breitbart editor in chief Joel Pollak says that Bannon built on Andrew Breitbart’s already extant plans to unify a series of interlocking Breitbart blogs into a single news site.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The presidency of Barack Obama served as a rallying cry for the right. But Republican nominee Mitt Romney’s loss in 2012 became a pivot for the site. While Andrew Breitbart reveled in the Tea Party, he tended to urge coalescing around Republican nominees. Pollak says Bannon disdained the party’s conclusions that it needed to reach out more to Latinos and ease its stance on illegal immigration. Fox News pundits had become too cozy with the establishment, Bannon concluded. He became Breitbart’s executive chairman in 2012 after the death of Andrew Breitbart and he moved the site’s headquarters from Southern California to Washington, D.C.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bannon’s own rhetoric could be severe as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What we need to do is bitch-slap the Republican Party, and get those guys heeding, too,” Bannon told the conservative talk show\u003cem> Political Vindication Radio\u003c/em> in 2010. “And if we have to, we’ll take it over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the same program a year later, Bannon \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/andrewkaczynski/trump-campaign-ceo-once-blasted-bunch-of-dykes-from-the-seve?utm_term=.xsg00Og4R#.bqGKKB206\">denigrated liberal feminists\u003c/a> with an anti-lesbian slur and praised instead conservatives such as Michele Bachmann and Sarah Palin. It was a rebuke to the women’s liberation movement, Bannon said, that “the women that would lead this country would be feminists, they would be pro-family, they would have husbands, they would love their children. You know, they wouldn’t be a bunch of dykes that came from the Seven Sisters schools up in New England.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new Breitbart under Bannon took flight from the primary defeat of House Majority Leader Eric Cantor in 2014 by an economist who opposed easing the path to immigration, and the subsequent resignation of House Speaker John Boehner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Pollak, Bannon emphasized original reporting and expanded the site’s staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">‘Breitbart evolved to become the propaganda arm, a de facto superPAC of the Trump campaign.’\u003ccite>Kurt Bardella, former public relations consultant for Breitbart\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>“Breitbart News is a conservative website. And we are not racist, we’re not anti-Semitic, we’re not anti-gay, we’re not anti-woman,” Pollak tells NPR. “We’re not any of those things.” Pollak is now the site’s senior editor at large and general counsel.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an interview, Pollak sought to counter the accusations of offensive material piecemeal. The “Black Crime” designation was an error, placed on a relatively small number of articles, he said. Pollak noted the “Renegade Jew” headline was written by the incendiary Jewish conservative author David Horowitz, who this week \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/2016-presidential-race/2016/11/14/horowitz-anti-bannon-hysteria-more-evidence-the-left-has-lost-touch-with-the-american-people/\">blasted Bannon’s critics\u003c/a> as “the losers of the left.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Pollak says the site should not be held responsible for the words or slurs or attacks of people citing, sharing or commenting on its articles — no more than NPR or the \u003cem>New York Times\u003c/em> should be blamed for insulting words from their respective audiences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Breitbart columnist Milo Yiannopoulos, a gay right-wing provocateur who has called feminists “a cancer” and explicitly wrote \u003ca href=\"http://www.breitbart.com/national-security/2015/11/16/im-a-gay-man-and-mass-muslim-immigration-terrifies-me/\">against Muslim immigration\u003c/a>, has lionized the alt-right while saying he is not a part of it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet that misses how energizing Yiannopoulos has proved to young and gay conservatives, Pollak says. “Conservatives are used to having that kind of open debate and we are confronted all the time about our beliefs, but we don’t riot in the streets about it,” Pollak says. “You have to develop a sense of humor.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pollak says Bannon is inclusive, pointing to his own status as an observant Orthodox Jew.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have Saturdays off, Jewish holidays off, and Steve Bannon always wishes me a ‘Shabbat shalom’ on Friday afternoon — just in case you were concerned about that,” Pollak says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The accusation of anti-Semitism is a sensitive one. During a custody battle, Bannon’s former wife accused him of making of a series of anti-Semitic remarks in arguing over their daughters’ schooling. He has denied making those comments. In 1996, before the divorce, police records show Bannon’s then-wife accused him of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/08/26/491440310/reports-new-trump-campaign-ceo-faced-domestic-violence-charge-in-1996\">physically attacking her\u003c/a>. Bannon pleaded not guilty and the case was dismissed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The moment had an echo earlier this year when then-Trump campaign manager Corey Lewandowski forcibly grabbed former Breitbart reporter Michelle Fields to prevent her from approaching Trump after a rally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breitbart essentially backed Lewandowski’s denials over its own reporter — despite eyewitness accounts and videotape showing those denials were untrue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fields \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/14/470392998/reporter-and-editor-resign-from-breitbart-site-over-alleged-assault-at-trump-eve\">soon quit the site\u003c/a>, as did Bardella, who called Trump a demagogue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Breitbart evolved to become the propaganda arm, a de facto superPAC of the Trump campaign,” Bardella told NPR. “And I think that was very evident if you looked at the homepage every day.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breitbart has been a sharp critic of House Speaker Paul Ryan, a conservative who has been trying to drive the party’s policy positions and who has close ties to Republican National Committee Chairman Reince Priebus. Priebus, the consummate establishment figure who has in the past promoted a more inclusive notion of the Republican Party, has been named Trump’s White House \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/14/501984948/who-is-reince-priebus-trumps-new-chief-of-staff\">chief of staff\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former Breitbart writer Ben Shapiro, who quit the site in March, has written he has no reason to believe that Bannon shares the beliefs of racists or anti-Semites. But, \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailywire.com/news/10770/3-thoughts-steve-bannon-white-house-chief-ben-shapiro\">Shapiro writes\u003c/a>, Bannon is “happy to pander to those people and make common cause with them in order to transform conservatism into European far-right nationalist populism.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bannon is to be Priebus’ equal in the Trump administration. Outsider no more, Breitbart News can now serve as a voice reflecting the Bannon wing of the new Trump coalition. If desired, Breitbart can serve as its enforcer too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Since Donald Trump’s election victory, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg has come out not once, but twice, to address the issue of fake news, inaccurate or simply false information that appears on the Web in the guise of journalism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg made his remarks at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/11/11/501743684/zuckerberg-denies-fake-news-on-facebook-had-impact-on-the-election\">Techonomy 16 media conference\u003c/a> and then on his own \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/zuck/posts/10103253901916271\">Facebook page\u003c/a>. He said the idea that fake news on his platform influenced the election in any way is “a pretty crazy idea.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a former employee, Antonio Garcia-Martinez, disagrees and says his old boss is being “more than a little disingenuous here.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcia-Martinez, who has written a book about the company called \u003ca href=\"http://www.antoniogarciamartinez.com/chaos-monkeys/?gclid=CjwKEAiAgavBBRCA7ZbggrLSkUcSJACWDexAAz3LRBiMWT7UomtXPPAHFdgLBxYckoAVc9nZ0IJMCRoCH_jw_wcB\">“Chaos Monkeys,”\u003c/a> was hired to help lead Facebook’s efforts to target ads. He says his ad team used to joke: It would be so easy to throw an election, just by showing vote reminders to select counties.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was a joke. But his point is, Facebook has real potential power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There’s an entire political team and a massive office in D.C. that tries to convince political advertisers that Facebook can convince users to vote one way or the other,” Garcia-Martinez says. “Then Zuck gets up and says, ‘Oh, by the way, Facebook content couldn’t possibly influence the election.’ It’s contradictory on the face of it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Facebook makes money by selling ad space inside its news feed. It also makes money as a broker between its advertisers and other online companies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[http_redir]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/502111390/502111395\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Monday, a company spokesperson told NPR that it is not doing business with fake news apps. These outside parties are not allowed to use the ad network (called \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/business/news/audience-network\">Audience Network\u003c/a>), and that has been company policy — which Facebook is now simply clarifying.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the company did not address the reality that if fake news lands in the Facebook news feed, the company makes money from the eyeballs it draws. This is not a theoretical issue. Take a look at these examples of \u003ca href=\"http://www.snopes.com/info/top25uls.asp?utm_source=facebook&utm_medium=social\">viral fake news\u003c/a>, compiled by Snopes.com.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier on Monday, Google, another tech giant, said it’s working on a policy to keep its ads off fake news sites. Garcia-Martinez says it’s “ambitious” of Google to make this promise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Where does it end? Are they just going to limit it to advertising?” he asks. “Are they not going to show search results of things that are obviously false? I mean, even false content itself is free speech, even though it’s false speech.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Neither company has explained how it will identify news as fake. According to BuzzFeed, a group of employees inside Facebook has formed a \u003ca href=\"https://www.buzzfeed.com/sheerafrenkel/renegade-facebook-employees-form-task-force-to-battle-fake-n?utm_term=.xcdoVmP7k\">renegade group\u003c/a> to work on solutions to fake news, despite the CEO’s public denial of the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Gwen Ifill, one of the most prominent political journalists in the country, has died, according to PBS. She was 61.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she took the helm of \u003cem>Washington Week in Review \u003c/em>in 1999, Ifill became the first African-American woman to host a major political TV talk show. Ifill covered seven presidential campaigns and moderated the vice presidential debates in 2004 and 2008. More recently, she moderated a presidential primary debate between Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders. Ifill was also the best-selling author of \u003cem>The Breakthrough: Politics and Race in the Age of Obama\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Ifill was named co-host of the \u003cem>PBS NewsHour.\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/07/business/media/gwen-ifill-and-judy-woodruff-to-co-anchor-newshour.html?_r=0\">In an interview with the New York Times\u003c/a>, she reflected on what her appointment could mean to a new generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I was a little girl watching programs like this — because that’s the kind of nerdy family we were — I would look up and not see anyone who looked like me in any way. No women. No people of color,” she said. “I’m very keen about the fact that a little girl now, watching the news, when they see me and Judy [Woodruff] sitting side by side, it will occur to them that that’s perfectly normal — that it won’t seem like any big breakthrough at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paula Kerger, president and CEO of PBS, said Ifill was “a fundamental reason public media is considered a trusted window on the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Her contributions to thoughtful reporting and civic discourse simply cannot be overstated,” Kerger said. “She often said that her job was to bring light rather than heat to issues of importance to our society. Gwen did this with grace and steadfast commitment to excellence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11174092\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11174092\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"Gerald Seib (L) and Gwen Ifill go over the news before filming ABC's This Week at the Newseum in Washington, D.C., in December 2008.\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-800x518.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-1020x661.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-1180x765.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-960x622.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-240x156.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-375x243.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-520x337.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gerald Seib (L) and Gwen Ifill go over the news before filming ABC’s ‘This Week at the Newseum’ in Washington, D.C., in December 2008. \u003ccite>(Kevin Clark/The Washington Post/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a news conference, President Obama said he appreciated Ifill’s reporting even when she posed tough questions to him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She always kept faith with the fundamental responsibility of her profession, asking tough questions, holding people in power accountable and defending a strong and free press that makes our democracy work,” Obama said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalist Ray Suarez, who began working at \u003cem>NewsHour\u003c/em> on the same day as Ifill in 1999, told \u003cem>Here & Now\u003c/em> that Ifill was a mix of things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was evenhanded yet tenacious,” Suarez said. “She was exteriorly cool, if that’s even a word, but at the same time very emotionally and passionately committed to the work she did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ifill was a preacher’s daughter. She was born in New York City to a Panamanian immigrant dad and a Barbadian mother. She started her journalism career as a print reporter for the \u003cem>Baltimore Evening Sun\u003c/em> and the \u003cem>Boston Herald American\u003c/em>. She went on to become a national political reporter for \u003cem>the Washington Post\u003c/em> and the White House correspondent for \u003cem>the New York Times.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ifill died after a battle with cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Neda Ulaby contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Gwen Ifill, one of the most prominent political journalists in the country, has died, according to PBS. She was 61.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she took the helm of \u003cem>Washington Week in Review \u003c/em>in 1999, Ifill became the first African-American woman to host a major political TV talk show. Ifill covered seven presidential campaigns and moderated the vice presidential debates in 2004 and 2008. More recently, she moderated a presidential primary debate between Hillary Clinton and Bernie Sanders. Ifill was also the best-selling author of \u003cem>The Breakthrough: Politics and Race in the Age of Obama\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 2013, Ifill was named co-host of the \u003cem>PBS NewsHour.\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2013/08/07/business/media/gwen-ifill-and-judy-woodruff-to-co-anchor-newshour.html?_r=0\">In an interview with the New York Times\u003c/a>, she reflected on what her appointment could mean to a new generation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When I was a little girl watching programs like this — because that’s the kind of nerdy family we were — I would look up and not see anyone who looked like me in any way. No women. No people of color,” she said. “I’m very keen about the fact that a little girl now, watching the news, when they see me and Judy [Woodruff] sitting side by side, it will occur to them that that’s perfectly normal — that it won’t seem like any big breakthrough at all.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Paula Kerger, president and CEO of PBS, said Ifill was “a fundamental reason public media is considered a trusted window on the world.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Her contributions to thoughtful reporting and civic discourse simply cannot be overstated,” Kerger said. “She often said that her job was to bring light rather than heat to issues of importance to our society. Gwen did this with grace and steadfast commitment to excellence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11174092\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11174092\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-800x518.jpg\" alt=\"Gerald Seib (L) and Gwen Ifill go over the news before filming ABC's This Week at the Newseum in Washington, D.C., in December 2008.\" width=\"800\" height=\"518\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-800x518.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-160x104.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-1020x661.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-1180x765.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-960x622.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-240x156.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-375x243.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/IfilPreps-520x337.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gerald Seib (L) and Gwen Ifill go over the news before filming ABC’s ‘This Week at the Newseum’ in Washington, D.C., in December 2008. \u003ccite>(Kevin Clark/The Washington Post/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a news conference, President Obama said he appreciated Ifill’s reporting even when she posed tough questions to him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She always kept faith with the fundamental responsibility of her profession, asking tough questions, holding people in power accountable and defending a strong and free press that makes our democracy work,” Obama said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalist Ray Suarez, who began working at \u003cem>NewsHour\u003c/em> on the same day as Ifill in 1999, told \u003cem>Here & Now\u003c/em> that Ifill was a mix of things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She was evenhanded yet tenacious,” Suarez said. “She was exteriorly cool, if that’s even a word, but at the same time very emotionally and passionately committed to the work she did.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ifill was a preacher’s daughter. She was born in New York City to a Panamanian immigrant dad and a Barbadian mother. She started her journalism career as a print reporter for the \u003cem>Baltimore Evening Sun\u003c/em> and the \u003cem>Boston Herald American\u003c/em>. She went on to become a national political reporter for \u003cem>the Washington Post\u003c/em> and the White House correspondent for \u003cem>the New York Times.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ifill died after a battle with cancer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Neda Ulaby contributed to this report. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>He’ll build a border wall and he’ll deport millions of people who are in the U.S. illegally, President-elect Donald Trump says, promising to keep his campaign pledges on immigration in his first prolonged interview since winning the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saying that his administration will deport “probably 2 million” — and possibly 3 million — people who are in the country illegally, Trump told \u003cem>60 Minutes’\u003c/em> Lesley Stahl that he wants to secure the border. Trump also seemed willing to consider the plan some of his fellow Republicans have aired, of securing some parts of the border with a fence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interview with Trump aired on CBS Sunday night; it also includes members of his family. The interview was taped Friday at Trump’s Fifth Avenue residence in New York City. It comes after \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/12/501836108/anti-trump-demonstrations-continue-man-shoots-protester-in-portland\">days of anti-Trump protests\u003c/a> in more than a dozen American cities, where demonstrators have criticized the incoming president’s immigration stance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11173863\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11173863 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-800x430.jpg\" alt=\"Thousands of people attend an anti-Trump protest in Oakland on November 9, 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-800x430.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-160x86.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-1020x548.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-1180x634.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-960x516.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-240x129.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-375x201.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-520x279.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-280x150.jpg 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thousands of people attend an anti-Trump protest in Oakland on Nov. 9, 2016. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On another campaign promise, Trump affirmed his plan to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/60Minutes/status/797873052503736320\">repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act\u003c/a>, also known as Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump also wants to keep some parts of the plan. For instance, he told Stahl that he’ll maintain coverage for people with pre-existing conditions, “because it happens to be one of the strongest assets” of the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also said he wants to keep a portion of the law that covers children living with their parents for an extended period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for how the change from one sphere of coverage to another might work, Trump promised it would be smooth, saying, “We’re going to do it simultaneously. It’ll be just fine. That’s what I do. I do a good job. You know, I mean, I know how to do this stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He continued: “We’re going to repeal it and replace it. And we’re not going to have, like, a two-day period and we’re not going to have a two-year period where there’s nothing. It will be repealed and replaced. I mean, you’ll know. And it’ll be great health care for much less money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/60-minutes-donald-trump-wall-mexican-border-fence-segments/\">Here’s what Trump told\u003c/a> \u003cem>60 Minutes\u003c/em> when he was asked about undocumented immigrants in the U.S.:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“What we are going to do is get the people that are criminal and have criminal records — gang members, drug dealers — we have a lot of these people, probably 2 million, it could be even 3 million. We’re getting them out of our country or we’re going to incarcerate. But we’re getting them out of our country, they’re here illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the border is secured, and after everything gets normalized, we’re going to make a determination on the people that you’re talking about — who are terrific people, they’re terrific people. But we’re going to make a determination … but before we make that determination, Lesley, it’s very important, we’re going to secure our border.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For comparison purposes, we’ll note that in President Obama’s first term, his administration carried out a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2012/12/24/167970002/obama-administration-deported-record-1-5-million-people\">record 1.5 million deportations\u003c/a> — including more than 400,000 in fiscal year 2012. The figure declined to 235,413 in fiscal year 2015, and as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/08/31/491965912/5-things-to-know-about-obamas-enforcement-of-immigration-laws\">NPR’s Scott Horsley reported\u003c/a> this summer, the Obama administration has shifted its focus to deporting criminals, people caught near the border, and those who recently came to the country without securing documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Horsley noted in a review of recent U.S. immigration policy, the rate of deportations went up under Obama, just as it had under the previous two presidents. And Trump took notice, back in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What people don’t know is that Obama got tremendous numbers of people out of the country,” Trump told Fox News’ Bill O’Reilly. “Bush, the same thing. Lots of people were brought out of the country with the existing laws. Well, I’m going to do the same thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan for a wall along the U.S. border with Mexico is Trump’s new facet in immigration policy. Here’s his exchange with Stahl, discussing the idea:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Are you really going to build a wall?” Stahl asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes,” Trump says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re talking about a fence in the Republican Congress. Would you accept a fence?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For certain areas I would — but certain areas, a wall is more appropriate. I’m very good at this, it’s called construction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, part wall, part fence?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, it could be some fencing.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In the course of the interview, Trump remained noncommittal on several topics that informed his campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>On whether he will appoint a special prosecutor to investigate Hillary Clinton: “They’re good people; I don’t want to hurt them,” Trump said, telling Stahl he will give a “very good and definitive answer the next time we do \u003cem>60 Minutes\u003c/em> together.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>On whether he will release his tax returns: “At the appropriate time, I will release them. But right now I’m under routine audit. Nobody cares. The only one who cares is, you know, you and a few people that asked that question.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>On the presence of lobbyists on his transition team, despite his pledge to “drain the swamp” of lobbyists and special interests in Washington: “That’s the only people you have down here,” he said, later adding: “I’m saying that they know the system right now, but we’re going to phase that out.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Asked about his personal views on same-sex marriage, Trump said, “It’s irrelevant, because it was already settled. It’s law. It was settled in the Supreme Court. I mean, it’s done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when pressed on the fears felt by African-Americans, American Muslims and other minorities since the election, Trump dismissed the anxieties as products of the media. “I think it’s built up by the press because, frankly, they’ll take every single little incident that they can find in this country, which could’ve been there before. If I weren’t even around doing this, and they’ll make into an event because that’s the way the press is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/13/501935930/threats-and-intimidation-against-minorities-reported-nationwide\">dozens of acts of harassment and intimidation\u003c/a> against minorities that have been reported this week, many of which were allegedly performed in his name, Trump said he’s surprised to hear of them. “I’m so saddened to hear that,” he said. “And I say, stop it. If it — if it helps, I will say this and I will say right to the cameras: Stop it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">NPR.org\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>He’ll build a border wall and he’ll deport millions of people who are in the U.S. illegally, President-elect Donald Trump says, promising to keep his campaign pledges on immigration in his first prolonged interview since winning the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Saying that his administration will deport “probably 2 million” — and possibly 3 million — people who are in the country illegally, Trump told \u003cem>60 Minutes’\u003c/em> Lesley Stahl that he wants to secure the border. Trump also seemed willing to consider the plan some of his fellow Republicans have aired, of securing some parts of the border with a fence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The interview with Trump aired on CBS Sunday night; it also includes members of his family. The interview was taped Friday at Trump’s Fifth Avenue residence in New York City. It comes after \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/11/12/501836108/anti-trump-demonstrations-continue-man-shoots-protester-in-portland\">days of anti-Trump protests\u003c/a> in more than a dozen American cities, where demonstrators have criticized the incoming president’s immigration stance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11173863\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11173863 size-medium\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-800x430.jpg\" alt=\"Thousands of people attend an anti-Trump protest in Oakland on November 9, 2016.\" width=\"800\" height=\"430\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-800x430.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-160x86.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-1020x548.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-1180x634.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-960x516.jpg 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-240x129.jpg 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-375x201.jpg 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-520x279.jpg 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/11/OaklandProtesters-280x150.jpg 280w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Thousands of people attend an anti-Trump protest in Oakland on Nov. 9, 2016. \u003ccite>(Brittany Hosea-Small/KQED)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>On another campaign promise, Trump affirmed his plan to \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/60Minutes/status/797873052503736320\">repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act\u003c/a>, also known as Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Trump also wants to keep some parts of the plan. For instance, he told Stahl that he’ll maintain coverage for people with pre-existing conditions, “because it happens to be one of the strongest assets” of the plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump also said he wants to keep a portion of the law that covers children living with their parents for an extended period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for how the change from one sphere of coverage to another might work, Trump promised it would be smooth, saying, “We’re going to do it simultaneously. It’ll be just fine. That’s what I do. I do a good job. You know, I mean, I know how to do this stuff.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He continued: “We’re going to repeal it and replace it. And we’re not going to have, like, a two-day period and we’re not going to have a two-year period where there’s nothing. It will be repealed and replaced. I mean, you’ll know. And it’ll be great health care for much less money.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cbsnews.com/news/60-minutes-donald-trump-wall-mexican-border-fence-segments/\">Here’s what Trump told\u003c/a> \u003cem>60 Minutes\u003c/em> when he was asked about undocumented immigrants in the U.S.:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“What we are going to do is get the people that are criminal and have criminal records — gang members, drug dealers — we have a lot of these people, probably 2 million, it could be even 3 million. We’re getting them out of our country or we’re going to incarcerate. But we’re getting them out of our country, they’re here illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“After the border is secured, and after everything gets normalized, we’re going to make a determination on the people that you’re talking about — who are terrific people, they’re terrific people. But we’re going to make a determination … but before we make that determination, Lesley, it’s very important, we’re going to secure our border.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>For comparison purposes, we’ll note that in President Obama’s first term, his administration carried out a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2012/12/24/167970002/obama-administration-deported-record-1-5-million-people\">record 1.5 million deportations\u003c/a> — including more than 400,000 in fiscal year 2012. The figure declined to 235,413 in fiscal year 2015, and as \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/08/31/491965912/5-things-to-know-about-obamas-enforcement-of-immigration-laws\">NPR’s Scott Horsley reported\u003c/a> this summer, the Obama administration has shifted its focus to deporting criminals, people caught near the border, and those who recently came to the country without securing documents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As Horsley noted in a review of recent U.S. immigration policy, the rate of deportations went up under Obama, just as it had under the previous two presidents. And Trump took notice, back in August.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What people don’t know is that Obama got tremendous numbers of people out of the country,” Trump told Fox News’ Bill O’Reilly. “Bush, the same thing. Lots of people were brought out of the country with the existing laws. Well, I’m going to do the same thing.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan for a wall along the U.S. border with Mexico is Trump’s new facet in immigration policy. Here’s his exchange with Stahl, discussing the idea:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Are you really going to build a wall?” Stahl asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yes,” Trump says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They’re talking about a fence in the Republican Congress. Would you accept a fence?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For certain areas I would — but certain areas, a wall is more appropriate. I’m very good at this, it’s called construction.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So, part wall, part fence?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Yeah, it could be some fencing.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>In the course of the interview, Trump remained noncommittal on several topics that informed his campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>On whether he will appoint a special prosecutor to investigate Hillary Clinton: “They’re good people; I don’t want to hurt them,” Trump said, telling Stahl he will give a “very good and definitive answer the next time we do \u003cem>60 Minutes\u003c/em> together.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>On whether he will release his tax returns: “At the appropriate time, I will release them. But right now I’m under routine audit. Nobody cares. The only one who cares is, you know, you and a few people that asked that question.”\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>On the presence of lobbyists on his transition team, despite his pledge to “drain the swamp” of lobbyists and special interests in Washington: “That’s the only people you have down here,” he said, later adding: “I’m saying that they know the system right now, but we’re going to phase that out.”\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Asked about his personal views on same-sex marriage, Trump said, “It’s irrelevant, because it was already settled. It’s law. It was settled in the Supreme Court. I mean, it’s done.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when pressed on the fears felt by African-Americans, American Muslims and other minorities since the election, Trump dismissed the anxieties as products of the media. “I think it’s built up by the press because, frankly, they’ll take every single little incident that they can find in this country, which could’ve been there before. If I weren’t even around doing this, and they’ll make into an event because that’s the way the press is.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As for the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/13/501935930/threats-and-intimidation-against-minorities-reported-nationwide\">dozens of acts of harassment and intimidation\u003c/a> against minorities that have been reported this week, many of which were allegedly performed in his name, Trump said he’s surprised to hear of them. “I’m so saddened to hear that,” he said. “And I say, stop it. If it — if it helps, I will say this and I will say right to the cameras: Stop it.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump has promised over and over in recent months that he will repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act, also called Obamacare, when he reaches the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obamacare is a disaster. You know it. We all know it,” Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/10/09/497056227/fact-check-clinton-and-trump-debate-for-the-second-time\">said at a debate\u003c/a> last month. “We have to repeal it and replace it with something absolutely much less expensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Trump will move into the Oval Office in January, the question is whether he’ll be able to completely repeal the 6-year-old law that has had an impact on every aspect of the U.S. health care system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a challenge for a Trump presidency,” says\u003ca href=\"http://explore.georgetown.edu/people/jfh7/\"> Jack Hoadley\u003c/a>, a research professor at Georgetown University’s \u003ca href=\"https://hpi.georgetown.edu/\">Health Policy Institute\u003c/a>. “To get a true repeal and replace through, he needs 60 votes in the Senate.” That’s the minimum number of votes needed to overcome a filibuster in the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Repeal of the law is absolutely going to come up, and the only potential defense against that would be a Democratic filibuster — if Republicans even allow a filibuster,” says \u003ca href=\"http://theincidentaleconomist.com/wordpress/about/about-austin/\">Austin Frakt\u003c/a>, a health economist who runs the blog \u003ca href=\"http://theincidentaleconomist.com/\">The Incidental Economist\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if Trump can’t repeal the Affordable Care Act in its entirety, there’s a lot he can do through rule-making and smaller legislative changes to weaken the law and mold it more to his liking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are probably, practically speaking, talking about leaving the ACA, as is, in place,” Hoadley says. “Then he can change the ACA to have it showcase the kinds of plans he wants to see in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his campaign, Trump proposed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/02/500371785/platform-check-trump-and-clinton-on-health-care\">series of measures\u003c/a> that he said will allow people to buy affordable health insurance policies outside of the Obamacare exchanges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those measures include promoting tax-free health savings accounts that might help individuals save money to pay for health care costs and allowing people to deduct the cost of their premiums on their personal income tax returns. Trump has said he also wants to allow insurers to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122965862\">sell policies across state lines\u003c/a> to boost competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump could alter the Obamacare exchanges to promote high-deductible health plans and health savings accounts to get a result similar to what he’s looking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He could change the details of how the marketplaces work,” Hoadley says. “It’s all worked out through regulation. You could just suspend the regulations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternatively, Trump could embrace the \u003ca href=\"http://abetterway.speaker.gov/?page=health-care\">health care plan\u003c/a> promoted by House Speaker Paul Ryan, which starts with repealing the Affordable Care Act. It includes many of the same principles as Trump’s plan, but has more details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest challenges Trump faces is that about \u003ca href=\"http://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2016/03/03/20-million-people-have-gained-health-insurance-coverage-because-affordable-care-act-new-estimates\">about 20 million\u003c/a> people today have health coverage because of the Affordable Care Act, according to the Department of Health and Human Services. The uninsured rate hit an \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201611.pdf\">all-time low \u003c/a>of 8.9 percent this year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An analysis of Trump’s plan by \u003ca href=\"http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/blog/2016/trump-clinton-presidential-health-care-proposals\">the Commonwealth Fund\u003c/a> estimates it would increase the number of people who lack health insurance by as many as 25 million, and increase the federal budget by as much as $41 billion. That’s because much of Trump’s plan involves giving tax breaks to encourage people to buy insurance while taking away the requirement to buy insurance — a mandate embedded in Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if Trump fails to repeal the law, Frakt says, he could easily destroy it from within by refusing to fund it through the budget process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only thing stopping that is, it’s a big deal to throw millions of people off insurance without offering something in return,” Frakt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump is right that his health savings accounts are a good enough replacement, then he’ll be able to get rid of Obamacare through a vote or through neglect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Can+Kill+Obamacare+With+Or+Without+Help+From+Congress&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President-elect Donald Trump has promised over and over in recent months that he will repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act, also called Obamacare, when he reaches the White House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Obamacare is a disaster. You know it. We all know it,” Trump \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/10/09/497056227/fact-check-clinton-and-trump-debate-for-the-second-time\">said at a debate\u003c/a> last month. “We have to repeal it and replace it with something absolutely much less expensive.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that Trump will move into the Oval Office in January, the question is whether he’ll be able to completely repeal the 6-year-old law that has had an impact on every aspect of the U.S. health care system.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s a challenge for a Trump presidency,” says\u003ca href=\"http://explore.georgetown.edu/people/jfh7/\"> Jack Hoadley\u003c/a>, a research professor at Georgetown University’s \u003ca href=\"https://hpi.georgetown.edu/\">Health Policy Institute\u003c/a>. “To get a true repeal and replace through, he needs 60 votes in the Senate.” That’s the minimum number of votes needed to overcome a filibuster in the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Repeal of the law is absolutely going to come up, and the only potential defense against that would be a Democratic filibuster — if Republicans even allow a filibuster,” says \u003ca href=\"http://theincidentaleconomist.com/wordpress/about/about-austin/\">Austin Frakt\u003c/a>, a health economist who runs the blog \u003ca href=\"http://theincidentaleconomist.com/\">The Incidental Economist\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even if Trump can’t repeal the Affordable Care Act in its entirety, there’s a lot he can do through rule-making and smaller legislative changes to weaken the law and mold it more to his liking.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They are probably, practically speaking, talking about leaving the ACA, as is, in place,” Hoadley says. “Then he can change the ACA to have it showcase the kinds of plans he wants to see in place.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During his campaign, Trump proposed a \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/11/02/500371785/platform-check-trump-and-clinton-on-health-care\">series of measures\u003c/a> that he said will allow people to buy affordable health insurance policies outside of the Obamacare exchanges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those measures include promoting tax-free health savings accounts that might help individuals save money to pay for health care costs and allowing people to deduct the cost of their premiums on their personal income tax returns. Trump has said he also wants to allow insurers to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122965862\">sell policies across state lines\u003c/a> to boost competition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump could alter the Obamacare exchanges to promote high-deductible health plans and health savings accounts to get a result similar to what he’s looking for.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He could change the details of how the marketplaces work,” Hoadley says. “It’s all worked out through regulation. You could just suspend the regulations.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alternatively, Trump could embrace the \u003ca href=\"http://abetterway.speaker.gov/?page=health-care\">health care plan\u003c/a> promoted by House Speaker Paul Ryan, which starts with repealing the Affordable Care Act. It includes many of the same principles as Trump’s plan, but has more details.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the biggest challenges Trump faces is that about \u003ca href=\"http://www.hhs.gov/about/news/2016/03/03/20-million-people-have-gained-health-insurance-coverage-because-affordable-care-act-new-estimates\">about 20 million\u003c/a> people today have health coverage because of the Affordable Care Act, according to the Department of Health and Human Services. The uninsured rate hit an \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/nhis/earlyrelease/insur201611.pdf\">all-time low \u003c/a>of 8.9 percent this year, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An analysis of Trump’s plan by \u003ca href=\"http://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/blog/2016/trump-clinton-presidential-health-care-proposals\">the Commonwealth Fund\u003c/a> estimates it would increase the number of people who lack health insurance by as many as 25 million, and increase the federal budget by as much as $41 billion. That’s because much of Trump’s plan involves giving tax breaks to encourage people to buy insurance while taking away the requirement to buy insurance — a mandate embedded in Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even if Trump fails to repeal the law, Frakt says, he could easily destroy it from within by refusing to fund it through the budget process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The only thing stopping that is, it’s a big deal to throw millions of people off insurance without offering something in return,” Frakt says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If Trump is right that his health savings accounts are a good enough replacement, then he’ll be able to get rid of Obamacare through a vote or through neglect.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Trump+Can+Kill+Obamacare+With+Or+Without+Help+From+Congress&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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}
},
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"id": "californiareportmagazine",
"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
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"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
"id": "closealltabs",
"title": "Close All Tabs",
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"order": 1
},
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubnByLm9yZy9yc3MvcG9kY2FzdC5waHA_aWQ9NTEwMzEy",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
"fresh-air": {
"id": "fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510051/podcast.xml"
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
"subscribe": {
"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510313/podcast.xml"
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
"meta": {
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/2p3Fifq96nw9BPcmFdIq0o?si=39209f7b25774f38",
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"rss": "https://feeds.megaphone.fm/KQINC2275451163"
}
},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/id1492194549",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
}
},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
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}
},
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},
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"isBot": true
}
}
