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"disqusTitle": "President Trump Fires FBI Director James Comey",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 9:22 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president has fired FBI Director James Comey, who was overseeing an investigation into Russian meddling in the 2016 elections and possible ties to the Trump campaign and top aides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House pointed to Comey's handling of the probe into Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton's private email server while secretary of state as the reason for his dismissal. But Democrats were quick to call the move \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/09/527677009/nothing-less-than-nixonian-democrats-react-to-comey-firing\">\"Nixonian,\"\u003c/a> claiming that the decision by President Trump was part of an effort to impede the Justice Department's Russia investigation which, in the view of many leading Capitol Hill Democrats, could now only be managed by a special prosecutor going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"k818C8K6OQZHsKqpY3gDbg9mJLadMcgE\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today, President Donald J. Trump informed FBI Director James Comey that he has been terminated and removed from office. President Trump acted based on the clear recommendations of both Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein and Attorney General Jeff Sessions,\" White House press secretary Sean Spicer said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The FBI is one of our Nation's most cherished and respected institutions and today will mark a new beginning for our crown jewel of law enforcement,\" the president said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ComeyLetter]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Russia probe looms over surprise dismissal\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The abrupt decision by the White House brings to an end a tumultuous tenure for the career prosecutor who found himself at the center of controversy about the 2016 election, taking heat from both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also raised questions about the ongoing Russia probe, with Democrats saying the firing was an effort by the White House to derail the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"VaybQVaWkmjLDjl8fmG8g8Mq88CxuJ4E\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The first question the administration has to answer is, 'Why now?'\" said Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y. \"If the administration had objections to the way Director Comey handled the Clinton investigation, they had those objections the minute the president got into office. But they didn't fire him then. Why did it happen today?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If Deputy Attorney General Rosenstein does not appoint an independent special prosecutor, every American will rightly suspect that the decision to fire Director Comey was part of a cover-up,\" Schumer continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>FBI Director became a flashpoint in 2016 election\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Comey first made waves in July 2016 when he announced that the FBI was \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/05/484785586/fbi-recommends-no-charges-for-hillary-clinton-in-email-server-case\">not recommending any charges\u003c/a> against Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton over her handling of her controversial private server while she was secretary of state during the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though there would be no prosecution, Comey's press conference in and of itself was damning, as he declared that Clinton and her staff had been \"extremely careless\" in handling classified data — fodder that Trump and Republicans would use throughout the campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"QV3UFD190E7qSw6JLODT7BMkn9Ph2pvz\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rosenstein, Trump's deputy attorney general, said in his memorandum to Attorney General Jeff Sessions that those actions were in part what motivated his dismissal:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"The Director was wrong to usurp the Attorney General's authority on July 5, 2016, and announce his conclusion that the case should be closed without prosecution. It is not the function of the Director to make such an announcement. At most, the Director should have said the FBI had completed its investigation and presented its findings to federal prosecutors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>On Twitter last week, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/859601184285491201\">claimed\u003c/a> that Comey \"was the best thing that ever happened to Hillary Clinton in that he gave her a free pass for many bad deeds!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey again found himself at the center of a political firestorm when less than two weeks before Election Day last year he notified Congress he was re-opening the investigation into Clinton's emails. Clinton \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/02/526586505/clinton-blames-2016-loss-on-comey-letter-russian-interference-and-herself\">said last week\u003c/a> she believed that controversial decision contributed to her loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the campaign, Trump \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/national-security/332641-flashback-trump-praised-comey-in-october\">said\u003c/a> that Comey's decision to re-open the Clinton investigation \"took a lot of guts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It makes me mildly nauseous to think that we might have had some impact on the election,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/03/526720922/fbi-director-comey-testifies-before-senate-judiciary-committee\">Comey testified\u003c/a> before the Senate Judiciary Committee last week in defending his decision. \"But honestly, it wouldn't change the decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"pLfvsQawVlc7vbLyKQB7YtWQGxsQaRXL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During that same testimony, Comey said that Clinton aide Huma Abedin had forwarded \"hundreds and thousands\" of Clinton's emails, \"some of which contained classified information\" to her then-husband, former Rep. Anthony Weiner, to print out. The discovery of those emails while Weiner was being investigated for possible lewd contact with a minor online is what triggered the re-opening of the Clinton investigation just before Election Day. However, after \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/comeys-testimony-on-huma-abedin-forwarding-emails-was-inaccurate\">ProPublica\u003c/a> reported Comey's testimony had been inaccurate, and that there had only been a \"small number\" of emails forwarded, Comey had to clarify those comments in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2017-05-09%20FBI%20to%20CEG%20-%20Comey%20Testimony%20Supplement.pdf\">letter\u003c/a> to the Senate Judiciary Committee released Tuesday nearly the same time news of his firing began to break in the media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/20/520765159/watch-live-house-hearing-on-russian-attempts-to-interfere-in-u-s-election\">confirmed\u003c/a> earlier this year that the FBI was investigating possible coordination between the Trump campaign and Russian attempts to influence the U.S. presidential election. The president has repeatedly downplayed any investigation, dismissing it as a \"total hoax.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his letter to Comey relieving him of his duties effective immediately, Trump alluded to the ongoing Russia investigation but also stressed that he had not personally been implicated:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"While I greatly appreciate you informing me. on three separate occasions. that I am not under investigation, I nevertheless concur with the judgment of the Department of Justice that you are not able to effectively lead the Bureau.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But the ongoing Russia investigation badly complicates Trump's decision to fire Comey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions, who recommended Comey's dismissal, had already \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/02/518198749/attorney-general-sessions-to-recuse-himself-from-any-trump-campaign-investigatio\">recused himself\u003c/a> from any investigation into Russian meddling in the 2016 election, leaving any inquiry to be led by Rosenstein. The decision by Sessions, who was a top Trump surrogate, came in March after he first testified he had no contact with Russian officials during the campaign but then later clarified that he did twice meet with Russian Ambassador to the U.S. Sergey Kislyak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given that the Attorney General supposedly recused himself from the Russia investigation, he should not have played any role in removing the lead investigator from his duties,\" Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., a senior Judiciary Committee member, said in a statement. \"Deputy Attorney General Rosenstein now has no choice but to appoint a Special Counsel. His integrity, and the integrity of the entire Justice Department, are at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Republicans raise concerns over firing \u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It wasn't just Democrats who were questioning the rapid turn of events. Senate Intelligence Committee Chairman Richard Burr said in a statement that he was \"troubled by the timing and reasoning of Director Comey's termination.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Director Comey has been more forthcoming with information than any FBI Director I can recall in my tenure on the congressional intelligence committees,\" the North Carolina Republican said. \"His dismissal, I believe, is a loss for the Bureau and the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Kqi3HsmW5cOzCoWr1VYxyQUhM9X8g40b\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Justin Amash, R-Mich., who's been critical of Trump in the past, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/justinamash/status/862089192603607041\">tweeted\u003c/a> that he and his staff were \"reviewing legislation to establish an independent commission on Russia,\" calling Trump's comments in his letter to Comey underscoring that he himself wasn't under investigation \"bizarre.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey was just four years into a ten-year term after being nominated by President Obama in 2013. His pick drew bipartisan praise and he was \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/senate/314179-senate-votes-93-1-to-confirm-obamas-nominee-to-lead-the-fbi\">confirmed\u003c/a> by the Senate overwhelmingly by a vote of 93-1. A former Republican, Comey served as the deputy attorney general for nearly two years under President George W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey has repeatedly reiterated he planned to remain at the FBI, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/08/519235979/youre-stuck-with-me-fbi-director-says-citing-no-plans-to-leave-job\">saying in March\u003c/a>, \"You're stuck with me for about 6 1/2 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump does have the authority to fire the FBI director, even without a reason, as \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsweek.com/can-president-fire-fbi-director-trump-comey-594716\">Newsweek\u003c/a> noted just last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a president has only taken such action once before. In 1993 President Bill Clinton \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/20/us/defiant-fbi-chief-removed-from-job-by-the-president.html\">dismissed\u003c/a> FBI Director William Sessions amid ethics concerns after Sessions refused to resign. But that was after the culmination of a long investigation that found that Sessions had abused his office. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=President+Trump+Fires+FBI+Director+James+Comey&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Updated at 9:22 p.m. ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The president has fired FBI Director James Comey, who was overseeing an investigation into Russian meddling in the 2016 elections and possible ties to the Trump campaign and top aides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The White House pointed to Comey's handling of the probe into Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton's private email server while secretary of state as the reason for his dismissal. But Democrats were quick to call the move \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/09/527677009/nothing-less-than-nixonian-democrats-react-to-comey-firing\">\"Nixonian,\"\u003c/a> claiming that the decision by President Trump was part of an effort to impede the Justice Department's Russia investigation which, in the view of many leading Capitol Hill Democrats, could now only be managed by a special prosecutor going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Today, President Donald J. Trump informed FBI Director James Comey that he has been terminated and removed from office. President Trump acted based on the clear recommendations of both Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein and Attorney General Jeff Sessions,\" White House press secretary Sean Spicer said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The FBI is one of our Nation's most cherished and respected institutions and today will mark a new beginning for our crown jewel of law enforcement,\" the president said in the statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ComeyLetter]\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Russia probe looms over surprise dismissal\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The abrupt decision by the White House brings to an end a tumultuous tenure for the career prosecutor who found himself at the center of controversy about the 2016 election, taking heat from both sides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it also raised questions about the ongoing Russia probe, with Democrats saying the firing was an effort by the White House to derail the investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The first question the administration has to answer is, 'Why now?'\" said Senate Democratic Leader Chuck Schumer, D-N.Y. \"If the administration had objections to the way Director Comey handled the Clinton investigation, they had those objections the minute the president got into office. But they didn't fire him then. Why did it happen today?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If Deputy Attorney General Rosenstein does not appoint an independent special prosecutor, every American will rightly suspect that the decision to fire Director Comey was part of a cover-up,\" Schumer continued.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>FBI Director became a flashpoint in 2016 election\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Comey first made waves in July 2016 when he announced that the FBI was \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/07/05/484785586/fbi-recommends-no-charges-for-hillary-clinton-in-email-server-case\">not recommending any charges\u003c/a> against Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton over her handling of her controversial private server while she was secretary of state during the Obama administration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though there would be no prosecution, Comey's press conference in and of itself was damning, as he declared that Clinton and her staff had been \"extremely careless\" in handling classified data — fodder that Trump and Republicans would use throughout the campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Rosenstein, Trump's deputy attorney general, said in his memorandum to Attorney General Jeff Sessions that those actions were in part what motivated his dismissal:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"The Director was wrong to usurp the Attorney General's authority on July 5, 2016, and announce his conclusion that the case should be closed without prosecution. It is not the function of the Director to make such an announcement. At most, the Director should have said the FBI had completed its investigation and presented its findings to federal prosecutors.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>On Twitter last week, Trump \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/859601184285491201\">claimed\u003c/a> that Comey \"was the best thing that ever happened to Hillary Clinton in that he gave her a free pass for many bad deeds!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey again found himself at the center of a political firestorm when less than two weeks before Election Day last year he notified Congress he was re-opening the investigation into Clinton's emails. Clinton \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/02/526586505/clinton-blames-2016-loss-on-comey-letter-russian-interference-and-herself\">said last week\u003c/a> she believed that controversial decision contributed to her loss.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the campaign, Trump \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/national-security/332641-flashback-trump-praised-comey-in-october\">said\u003c/a> that Comey's decision to re-open the Clinton investigation \"took a lot of guts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It makes me mildly nauseous to think that we might have had some impact on the election,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/05/03/526720922/fbi-director-comey-testifies-before-senate-judiciary-committee\">Comey testified\u003c/a> before the Senate Judiciary Committee last week in defending his decision. \"But honestly, it wouldn't change the decision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During that same testimony, Comey said that Clinton aide Huma Abedin had forwarded \"hundreds and thousands\" of Clinton's emails, \"some of which contained classified information\" to her then-husband, former Rep. Anthony Weiner, to print out. The discovery of those emails while Weiner was being investigated for possible lewd contact with a minor online is what triggered the re-opening of the Clinton investigation just before Election Day. However, after \u003ca href=\"https://www.propublica.org/article/comeys-testimony-on-huma-abedin-forwarding-emails-was-inaccurate\">ProPublica\u003c/a> reported Comey's testimony had been inaccurate, and that there had only been a \"small number\" of emails forwarded, Comey had to clarify those comments in a \u003ca href=\"https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2017-05-09%20FBI%20to%20CEG%20-%20Comey%20Testimony%20Supplement.pdf\">letter\u003c/a> to the Senate Judiciary Committee released Tuesday nearly the same time news of his firing began to break in the media.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/03/20/520765159/watch-live-house-hearing-on-russian-attempts-to-interfere-in-u-s-election\">confirmed\u003c/a> earlier this year that the FBI was investigating possible coordination between the Trump campaign and Russian attempts to influence the U.S. presidential election. The president has repeatedly downplayed any investigation, dismissing it as a \"total hoax.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In his letter to Comey relieving him of his duties effective immediately, Trump alluded to the ongoing Russia investigation but also stressed that he had not personally been implicated:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"While I greatly appreciate you informing me. on three separate occasions. that I am not under investigation, I nevertheless concur with the judgment of the Department of Justice that you are not able to effectively lead the Bureau.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>But the ongoing Russia investigation badly complicates Trump's decision to fire Comey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sessions, who recommended Comey's dismissal, had already \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/02/518198749/attorney-general-sessions-to-recuse-himself-from-any-trump-campaign-investigatio\">recused himself\u003c/a> from any investigation into Russian meddling in the 2016 election, leaving any inquiry to be led by Rosenstein. The decision by Sessions, who was a top Trump surrogate, came in March after he first testified he had no contact with Russian officials during the campaign but then later clarified that he did twice meet with Russian Ambassador to the U.S. Sergey Kislyak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Given that the Attorney General supposedly recused himself from the Russia investigation, he should not have played any role in removing the lead investigator from his duties,\" Sen. Patrick Leahy, D-Vt., a senior Judiciary Committee member, said in a statement. \"Deputy Attorney General Rosenstein now has no choice but to appoint a Special Counsel. His integrity, and the integrity of the entire Justice Department, are at stake.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Republicans raise concerns over firing \u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>It wasn't just Democrats who were questioning the rapid turn of events. Senate Intelligence Committee Chairman Richard Burr said in a statement that he was \"troubled by the timing and reasoning of Director Comey's termination.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Director Comey has been more forthcoming with information than any FBI Director I can recall in my tenure on the congressional intelligence committees,\" the North Carolina Republican said. \"His dismissal, I believe, is a loss for the Bureau and the nation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Justin Amash, R-Mich., who's been critical of Trump in the past, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/justinamash/status/862089192603607041\">tweeted\u003c/a> that he and his staff were \"reviewing legislation to establish an independent commission on Russia,\" calling Trump's comments in his letter to Comey underscoring that he himself wasn't under investigation \"bizarre.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey was just four years into a ten-year term after being nominated by President Obama in 2013. His pick drew bipartisan praise and he was \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/blogs/floor-action/senate/314179-senate-votes-93-1-to-confirm-obamas-nominee-to-lead-the-fbi\">confirmed\u003c/a> by the Senate overwhelmingly by a vote of 93-1. A former Republican, Comey served as the deputy attorney general for nearly two years under President George W. Bush.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Comey has repeatedly reiterated he planned to remain at the FBI, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/08/519235979/youre-stuck-with-me-fbi-director-says-citing-no-plans-to-leave-job\">saying in March\u003c/a>, \"You're stuck with me for about 6 1/2 years.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump does have the authority to fire the FBI director, even without a reason, as \u003ca href=\"http://www.newsweek.com/can-president-fire-fbi-director-trump-comey-594716\">Newsweek\u003c/a> noted just last week.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But a president has only taken such action once before. In 1993 President Bill Clinton \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1993/07/20/us/defiant-fbi-chief-removed-from-job-by-the-president.html\">dismissed\u003c/a> FBI Director William Sessions amid ethics concerns after Sessions refused to resign. But that was after the culmination of a long investigation that found that Sessions had abused his office. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=President+Trump+Fires+FBI+Director+James+Comey&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California may end a decades-old ban on members of the Communist Party working in its government, after the state Assembly approved a bill that would delete references to the party from its employment requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s sponsor, Assemblyman Rob Bonta, D-Oakland, said that California’s laws should focus on individuals’ actions and evidence rather than political affiliations and what he termed “empty labels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking on the floor of the Assembly, Bonta called the legislation a “cleanup bill that removes archaic and outdated references to the Communist Party in our state laws, specifically those stating that a public employee may be dismissed from employment if he or she advocates or is knowingly a member of the Communist Party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill passed in a 41-30 vote, after a debate that touched on the Cold War, the U.S. history of fighting communism — and the potential for future conflicts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Bonta called the measure “an appropriate step forward” for the state, three of his Republican colleagues in the California Assembly rose to speak against the bill, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 22\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bill is blatantly offensive to all Californians,” said Assemblyman Travis Allen, R-Huntington Beach, who said his constituents include people who fled Vietnam’s Communist regime. “Communism stands for everything that the United States stands against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen concluded, “To allow subversives and avowed Communists to now work for the state of California is a direct insult to the people of California who pay for that government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Randy Voepel, R-Santee, also opposed the bill, noting America’s history of going to war to combat communism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are 1.9 million veterans in California,” Voepel said. “Many of us fought the communists. They are still a threat. We have North Korea, that wants to do us in. We have China, who is a great, great threat to the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After those objections were raised, Bonta told his colleagues that the legislation includes a provision that allows the dismissal of any state employee “if that public employee advocates or is knowingly a member” of an organization that works toward “the overthrow of the government of the United States or any state by force or violence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Northern California chairman for the Communist Party USA, Juan Lopez, has pushed to roll back similar bans in recent years — including one that forbids teachers from being in his party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Communist Party isn’t a registered political party in California, Lopez \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailybulletin.com/article/zz/20130113/NEWS/130118554\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the Daily Bulletin\u003c/a> in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "The bill's sponsor says the legislation is \"an appropriate step forward.\" But one opponent said it was an insult to \"to allow subversives and avowed Communists\" to work for the state.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California may end a decades-old ban on members of the Communist Party working in its government, after the state Assembly approved a bill that would delete references to the party from its employment requirements.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill’s sponsor, Assemblyman Rob Bonta, D-Oakland, said that California’s laws should focus on individuals’ actions and evidence rather than political affiliations and what he termed “empty labels.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking on the floor of the Assembly, Bonta called the legislation a “cleanup bill that removes archaic and outdated references to the Communist Party in our state laws, specifically those stating that a public employee may be dismissed from employment if he or she advocates or is knowingly a member of the Communist Party.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill passed in a 41-30 vote, after a debate that touched on the Cold War, the U.S. history of fighting communism — and the potential for future conflicts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While Bonta called the measure “an appropriate step forward” for the state, three of his Republican colleagues in the California Assembly rose to speak against the bill, \u003ca href=\"http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billVotesClient.xhtml?bill_id=201720180AB22\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">AB 22\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This bill is blatantly offensive to all Californians,” said Assemblyman Travis Allen, R-Huntington Beach, who said his constituents include people who fled Vietnam’s Communist regime. “Communism stands for everything that the United States stands against.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Allen concluded, “To allow subversives and avowed Communists to now work for the state of California is a direct insult to the people of California who pay for that government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Assemblyman Randy Voepel, R-Santee, also opposed the bill, noting America’s history of going to war to combat communism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“There are 1.9 million veterans in California,” Voepel said. “Many of us fought the communists. They are still a threat. We have North Korea, that wants to do us in. We have China, who is a great, great threat to the United States.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After those objections were raised, Bonta told his colleagues that the legislation includes a provision that allows the dismissal of any state employee “if that public employee advocates or is knowingly a member” of an organization that works toward “the overthrow of the government of the United States or any state by force or violence.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Northern California chairman for the Communist Party USA, Juan Lopez, has pushed to roll back similar bans in recent years — including one that forbids teachers from being in his party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Communist Party isn’t a registered political party in California, Lopez \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailybulletin.com/article/zz/20130113/NEWS/130118554\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">told the Daily Bulletin\u003c/a> in 2013.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:25 p.m., Thursday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe House voted Thursday to narrowly approve a Republican-drafted measure that would eliminate many of the provisions of the Affordable Care Act — the first step toward keeping one of President Trump’s campaign pledges and a victory for GOP lawmakers who have long railed against Obamacare, as the ACA is commonly known. The vote was 217-213.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure moves to the Senate, where its fate is far from certain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After passing the measure, House Republicans jumped on buses for a quick trip to an unusual victory lap event in the White House Rose Garden — given that the measure has a long way before it actually becomes law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”tLBOmNSoftUFhfMXsUMurzLjMnS7I88a”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump promised that premiums and deductibles would be coming down under the GOP plan and said that he feels “confident” the measure will make it through the Senate. “It’s going to be an unbelievable victory when we get it through the Senate,” he added. Trump also praised House Speaker Paul Ryan as “a genius” for engineering Thursday’s legislative win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking after Trump in the Rose Garden, Ryan asserted the GOP bill was “the beginning of the end of Obamacare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy told lawmakers “finally after years of waiting, we have the chance to do something good today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats accused Republicans of ramming the bill through without fully understanding its provisions or its implications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11440299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-800x800.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-960x960.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-240x240.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-375x375.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-520x520.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-150x150.png 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP.png 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Republican representatives from California \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/04/how-your-california-rep-voted-on-gop-health-care-bill/\" target=\"_blank\">voted for the bill\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill included last-minute amendments designed to draw votes from the most conservative House Republicans in the House Freedom Caucus, as well as from their more moderate counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes were necessary after the original bill \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/24/521395060/ryan-trump-meet-as-more-republicans-defect-from-health-care-bill\">was pulled\u003c/a> from the floor in March when it became apparent it would not pass. And last week, GOP leaders considered bringing it back, but then \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/04/28/526050474/congress-passes-spending-bill-to-avoid-shutdown-again-punts-on-health-care\">decided not to risk another vote\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”qEVVPcKYRU6s9yEbCbNdQE46SAXieUvA”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican members had their arms twisted by Trump in phone calls, and attended a last-minute pep rally Thursday morning, in which GOP House leaders reportedly told them it was \u003ca href=\"http://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/2017/05/04/gop-revives-struggling-health-care-bill-and-plans-house-vote.html\">“time to live or die by this day.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure, known as the American Health Care Act, was called “a monstrosity” by House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, who said centrist Republicans who voted for the bill will have “walked the plank from moderate to radical,” adding “you will glow in the dark,” after voting for the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11440300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-800x800.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-960x960.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-240x240.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-375x375.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-520x520.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-150x150.png 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill.png 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nRepublicans appear to have finally gotten their health care bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After seven years of repeal-and-replace rhetoric against the Affordable Care Act, two presidential campaigns waged for and against it and a recent high-profile failure, GOP House leaders say they have the votes for their bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trouble is this bill is likely never to become law — at least in its current iteration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s why: While the bill is expected to pass the House (narrowly) Thursday afternoon, it still has to go to the Senate. It’s being done with a wink and a promise that the Senate will overhaul substantial portions of the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This thing is going to the United States Senate. It’s going to change in my view in the United States Senate in some way,” Rep. Tom Cole of Oklahoma, a deputy whip in the House, told \u003cem>NPR’s Morning Edition\u003c/em>. (He’s one of the people in charge of making sure Republicans have the votes.) “Then we have to have a conference to work out the differences. \u003cem>If\u003c/em> we can do that, then it has to still pass the House and the Senate again before it ever gets to the president. So at some point, you just have to move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/526833507/526833508\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure, the Senate is controlled by Republicans, too, but they have an even slimmer majority there with equally fractious divisions. If they lose three votes, the bill goes down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Tom Cotton of Arkansas has been doing a delicate dance on Medicaid expansion. His state took federal money to expand Medicaid, but he’s called it a “welfare program” and said “\u003ca href=\"http://www.mediaite.com/online/gop-senator-republican-healthcare-plan-is-not-going-to-work-to-bring-down-premiums/\">able-bodied adults\u003c/a>” shouldn’t be on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an angry town hall, he changed his tune, saying the House bill was “\u003ca href=\"https://www.arktimes.com/ArkansasBlog/archives/2017/04/18/tom-cottons-obamacare-repeal-dance\">moving too fast; I didn’t think it got it right\u003c/a>.” He also has indicated he’s against it in its current form because, “I simply think that it’s not going to work to bring down premiums for working Arkansans or working Americans around the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other senators, like Sens. Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, Susan Collins of Maine, Bob Corker of Tennessee, Rob Portman of Ohio and Bill Cassidy of Louisiana, are in favor of repeal, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.corker.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2017/1/senators-introduce-amendment-to-improve-process-for-repealing-and-replacing-health-care-law-in-timely-fashion\">want something “stable” \u003c/a>to replace it. They have indicated that affordability, coverage and rural access (like what the bill means for rural hospitals) are key.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell is going to allow amendments. That means the bill will change. And if even a comma is inserted, it has to pass the House — again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that is inevitably going to bring back this whole game of whack-a-mole in the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exhausted yet?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wait, there’s more. Because Democrats aren’t going to sign onto something that guts the coverage mandates of the Affordable Care Act, Republicans can’t get 60 votes to advance the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”VajiqRclxG7Eyq4VufiI3TOZ6hfrnGMq”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in order to pass it, they’re going to have to use the process known as \u003cstrong>reconciliation\u003c/strong>. That allows legislation to pass with just a majority (plus one). But there’s a catch — it has to be tied to the budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Get ready to hear a whole lot more about the \u003cstrong>“Byrd Rule.”\u003c/strong> What’s that? The Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget \u003ca href=\"http://www.crfb.org/blogs/byrd-rule-and-its-effect-health-reform-short-guide\">explains it this way\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Although reconciliation bills are granted many privileges that are not available to most other legislation (see Reconciliation 101), they remain bound by several conditions. Some of these restrictions championed by former Senator Robert Byrd (D-WV) and established in Section 313 of the Budget Act are jointly referred to as the ‘Byrd Rule.’ The Byrd Rule disallows “extraneous matter” from being included in a reconciliation bill, extraneous matter being defined in three major categories of restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First, reconciliation legislation must only involve budget-related changes and cannot include policies that have no fiscal impact, that have ‘merely incidental’ fiscal impacts, or that increase the deficit if the committee did not follow its reconciliation instructions (including proposals outside of a committee’s proper jurisdiction—more on this below). Second, reconciliation bills cannot change Social Security spending or dedicated revenue, which are considered ‘off-budget.’ And finally, provisions in a reconciliation bill cannot increase the deficit in any fiscal year after the window of the reconciliation bill (usually ten years in the future) unless the costs outside the budget window are offset by other savings in the bill.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The umpire of what qualifies under the Byrd Rule is the \u003cstrong>Senate parliamentarian\u003c/strong>. Her name is Elizabeth MacDonough. \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2015/01/senate-parliamentarian-elizabeth-macdonough-obamacare-114274\">Politico\u003c/a> wrote of her in 2015:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“[S]he may very well be the most powerful person in Washington in determining how far Republicans can go in trying to repeal Obamacare. As the Senate parliamentarian, MacDonough will make the decisions on which pieces of the law qualify to be repealed using a complicated budget procedure called reconciliation. Her decisions would allow Senate Republicans to vote to kill major provisions of the health care law under a simple 51-vote majority without giving Democrats a chance to filibuster.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>MacDonough was appointed in 2012, and even though she’s liked on Capitol Hill by both sides, past parliamentarians (\u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2012/02/new-parliamentarian-knows-her-way-around-072526\">known colloquially on the Hill as “parls”\u003c/a>) have come under fire because the majority party didn’t like how they ruled. \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2015/01/senate-parliamentarian-elizabeth-macdonough-obamacare-114274\">More from Politico\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Republicans protested decisions by then-parliamentarian Alan Frumin in the 2010 health care reform fight, when Democrats used the budget fast-track tool to pass a small part of the Affordable Care Act. In 2001, Republicans fired Robert Dove as parliamentarian after he ruled against them on how many reconciliation bills could be used. That was actually his second stint in the job: Democrats had fired Dove when they took the majority in 1987.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Reconciliation — and what fits and doesn’t fit into it — isn’t the GOP’s only complication. Their biggest one is the policy itself. It has a lot of shortcomings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan \u003cstrong>Congressional Budget Office\u003c/strong> said of the last iteration of the House bill that it would save money but would leave some 24 million without insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the GOP bill would be less generous in terms of benefits and cover fewer. And the only reason it would save money is because the repeal bill would \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/03/trump-obamacare-promises-236021\">cut $880 billion from Medicaid\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would break Trump’s promises of “insurance for everybody” and “no cuts to Social Security, Medicare & Medicaid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CBO won’t get out an analysis of the bill before Republicans are planning to vote. Politically, that gives them a chance to wipe their brows and not have to defend something that could be difficult to defend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s morally questionable, though, to vote on something without knowing its cost or consequences. And what happens when the CBO score does come out — and they’ve already voted for it without the opportunity to make changes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there’s the issue of the popular \u003cstrong>pre-existing conditions\u003c/strong> provision in Obamacare — that requires insurance companies to cover people with pre-existing conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump claimed as late as this week that this bill would guarantee people with pre-existing conditions would continue to be covered. But Republicans’ attempts at doing that are very different from how Obamacare achieves it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GOP plan would essentially allow states to take sicker people out of the broader pool of people buying coverage and put them into a “high-risk pool.” That, in theory, would bring down the cost of insurance for healthier people, but drive up the cost for the sick. Depending upon how much costs increase, that could shut some or many of the people who definitely need health care out of the insurance market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High-risk pools \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/02/03/513311344/republicans-consider-restoring-high-risk-pools-in-obamacare-replacement\">haven’t shown great results\u003c/a> where they have been currently implemented. Part of the problem has been funding. That’s why Trump picked up two more votes with a proposal for $8 billion more for those pools, but experts say that’s not even likely enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”eunRwEXPkmqidH6LoEqaj64hk4ZeBZMv”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government already has very high-profile high-risk pools, Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare, health care for the elderly, is popular but expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big point of Obamacare was to not go down that potentially problematic funding lane. Healthier people might pay a little more, but if you got sick, it wouldn’t bankrupt you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why the rush to get this through if it has all these holes and it may not be what eventually becomes law anyway? Politics. The House finally has a chance to tell its base it did something, it passed \u003cem>something\u003c/em> to repeal and replace Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House goes on recess next week, and Republicans want to get this done and hand Trump a win before then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a huge relief for House Speaker Paul Ryan, who was feeling the heat of not being able to govern House Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a huge relief for Trump, who has been made to look ineffectual with no legislative wins to speak of in his first 100 days and little other major accomplishments in that time — despite Republicans being in charge of the White House, the House and Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But remember, the GOP plan that failed previously had just a \u003ca href=\"https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2443\">17 percent approval rating\u003c/a>. And, policywise, it hasn’t changed all that much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Obama ran into a similar problem — health care is very difficult to message about but very easy to poke holes in. And Democrats lost control of the House in 2010 because of health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the Affordable Care Act, Obama’s signature legislative achievement, has had a resurgence in public opinion. Gallup found approval of the ACA at 55 percent this month, the first time it’s ever reached a majority in the poll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/858659215451271168\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Trump says the GOP bill can’t be compared to the ACA “because Obamacare is dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First of all, that’s not true. The last CBO analysis of the ACA said it’s not in a death spiral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, anything that comes after Obamacare has to be compared to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s that you say, health care \u003cem>and\u003c/em> legislating are complicated? Yes, they are, and there’s still a long way to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=GOP+Expected+To+Pass+Its+Health+Care+Bill+At+Long+Last%2C+But+Still+A+Long+Way+To+Go&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 1:25 p.m., Thursday:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nThe House voted Thursday to narrowly approve a Republican-drafted measure that would eliminate many of the provisions of the Affordable Care Act — the first step toward keeping one of President Trump’s campaign pledges and a victory for GOP lawmakers who have long railed against Obamacare, as the ACA is commonly known. The vote was 217-213.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure moves to the Senate, where its fate is far from certain.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After passing the measure, House Republicans jumped on buses for a quick trip to an unusual victory lap event in the White House Rose Garden — given that the measure has a long way before it actually becomes law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump promised that premiums and deductibles would be coming down under the GOP plan and said that he feels “confident” the measure will make it through the Senate. “It’s going to be an unbelievable victory when we get it through the Senate,” he added. Trump also praised House Speaker Paul Ryan as “a genius” for engineering Thursday’s legislative win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Speaking after Trump in the Rose Garden, Ryan asserted the GOP bill was “the beginning of the end of Obamacare.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy told lawmakers “finally after years of waiting, we have the chance to do something good today.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats accused Republicans of ramming the bill through without fully understanding its provisions or its implications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11440299\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-800x800.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-960x960.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-240x240.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-375x375.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-520x520.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP-150x150.png 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/McCarthy_ModifiedGOP.png 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>All Republican representatives from California \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/05/04/how-your-california-rep-voted-on-gop-health-care-bill/\" target=\"_blank\">voted for the bill\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bill included last-minute amendments designed to draw votes from the most conservative House Republicans in the House Freedom Caucus, as well as from their more moderate counterparts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The changes were necessary after the original bill \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/03/24/521395060/ryan-trump-meet-as-more-republicans-defect-from-health-care-bill\">was pulled\u003c/a> from the floor in March when it became apparent it would not pass. And last week, GOP leaders considered bringing it back, but then \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/04/28/526050474/congress-passes-spending-bill-to-avoid-shutdown-again-punts-on-health-care\">decided not to risk another vote\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican members had their arms twisted by Trump in phone calls, and attended a last-minute pep rally Thursday morning, in which GOP House leaders reportedly told them it was \u003ca href=\"http://www.foxbusiness.com/markets/2017/05/04/gop-revives-struggling-health-care-bill-and-plans-house-vote.html\">“time to live or die by this day.”\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The measure, known as the American Health Care Act, was called “a monstrosity” by House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi, who said centrist Republicans who voted for the bill will have “walked the plank from moderate to radical,” adding “you will glow in the dark,” after voting for the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-11440300\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-800x800.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-800x800.png 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-160x160.png 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-960x960.png 960w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-240x240.png 240w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-375x375.png 375w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-520x520.png 520w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-32x32.png 32w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-50x50.png 50w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-64x64.png 64w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-96x96.png 96w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-128x128.png 128w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill-150x150.png 150w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/05/Pelosi_ModifiedBill.png 1000w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original Post:\u003c/strong>\u003cbr>\nRepublicans appear to have finally gotten their health care bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After seven years of repeal-and-replace rhetoric against the Affordable Care Act, two presidential campaigns waged for and against it and a recent high-profile failure, GOP House leaders say they have the votes for their bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The trouble is this bill is likely never to become law — at least in its current iteration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here’s why: While the bill is expected to pass the House (narrowly) Thursday afternoon, it still has to go to the Senate. It’s being done with a wink and a promise that the Senate will overhaul substantial portions of the bill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This thing is going to the United States Senate. It’s going to change in my view in the United States Senate in some way,” Rep. Tom Cole of Oklahoma, a deputy whip in the House, told \u003cem>NPR’s Morning Edition\u003c/em>. (He’s one of the people in charge of making sure Republicans have the votes.) “Then we have to have a conference to work out the differences. \u003cem>If\u003c/em> we can do that, then it has to still pass the House and the Senate again before it ever gets to the president. So at some point, you just have to move.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/526833507/526833508\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sure, the Senate is controlled by Republicans, too, but they have an even slimmer majority there with equally fractious divisions. If they lose three votes, the bill goes down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Tom Cotton of Arkansas has been doing a delicate dance on Medicaid expansion. His state took federal money to expand Medicaid, but he’s called it a “welfare program” and said “\u003ca href=\"http://www.mediaite.com/online/gop-senator-republican-healthcare-plan-is-not-going-to-work-to-bring-down-premiums/\">able-bodied adults\u003c/a>” shouldn’t be on it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After an angry town hall, he changed his tune, saying the House bill was “\u003ca href=\"https://www.arktimes.com/ArkansasBlog/archives/2017/04/18/tom-cottons-obamacare-repeal-dance\">moving too fast; I didn’t think it got it right\u003c/a>.” He also has indicated he’s against it in its current form because, “I simply think that it’s not going to work to bring down premiums for working Arkansans or working Americans around the country.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other senators, like Sens. Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, Susan Collins of Maine, Bob Corker of Tennessee, Rob Portman of Ohio and Bill Cassidy of Louisiana, are in favor of repeal, but \u003ca href=\"https://www.corker.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/2017/1/senators-introduce-amendment-to-improve-process-for-repealing-and-replacing-health-care-law-in-timely-fashion\">want something “stable” \u003c/a>to replace it. They have indicated that affordability, coverage and rural access (like what the bill means for rural hospitals) are key.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell is going to allow amendments. That means the bill will change. And if even a comma is inserted, it has to pass the House — again.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that is inevitably going to bring back this whole game of whack-a-mole in the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Exhausted yet?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wait, there’s more. Because Democrats aren’t going to sign onto something that guts the coverage mandates of the Affordable Care Act, Republicans can’t get 60 votes to advance the legislation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So in order to pass it, they’re going to have to use the process known as \u003cstrong>reconciliation\u003c/strong>. That allows legislation to pass with just a majority (plus one). But there’s a catch — it has to be tied to the budget.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Get ready to hear a whole lot more about the \u003cstrong>“Byrd Rule.”\u003c/strong> What’s that? The Committee for a Responsible Federal Budget \u003ca href=\"http://www.crfb.org/blogs/byrd-rule-and-its-effect-health-reform-short-guide\">explains it this way\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Although reconciliation bills are granted many privileges that are not available to most other legislation (see Reconciliation 101), they remain bound by several conditions. Some of these restrictions championed by former Senator Robert Byrd (D-WV) and established in Section 313 of the Budget Act are jointly referred to as the ‘Byrd Rule.’ The Byrd Rule disallows “extraneous matter” from being included in a reconciliation bill, extraneous matter being defined in three major categories of restrictions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“First, reconciliation legislation must only involve budget-related changes and cannot include policies that have no fiscal impact, that have ‘merely incidental’ fiscal impacts, or that increase the deficit if the committee did not follow its reconciliation instructions (including proposals outside of a committee’s proper jurisdiction—more on this below). Second, reconciliation bills cannot change Social Security spending or dedicated revenue, which are considered ‘off-budget.’ And finally, provisions in a reconciliation bill cannot increase the deficit in any fiscal year after the window of the reconciliation bill (usually ten years in the future) unless the costs outside the budget window are offset by other savings in the bill.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The umpire of what qualifies under the Byrd Rule is the \u003cstrong>Senate parliamentarian\u003c/strong>. Her name is Elizabeth MacDonough. \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2015/01/senate-parliamentarian-elizabeth-macdonough-obamacare-114274\">Politico\u003c/a> wrote of her in 2015:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“[S]he may very well be the most powerful person in Washington in determining how far Republicans can go in trying to repeal Obamacare. As the Senate parliamentarian, MacDonough will make the decisions on which pieces of the law qualify to be repealed using a complicated budget procedure called reconciliation. Her decisions would allow Senate Republicans to vote to kill major provisions of the health care law under a simple 51-vote majority without giving Democrats a chance to filibuster.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>MacDonough was appointed in 2012, and even though she’s liked on Capitol Hill by both sides, past parliamentarians (\u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2012/02/new-parliamentarian-knows-her-way-around-072526\">known colloquially on the Hill as “parls”\u003c/a>) have come under fire because the majority party didn’t like how they ruled. \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2015/01/senate-parliamentarian-elizabeth-macdonough-obamacare-114274\">More from Politico\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Republicans protested decisions by then-parliamentarian Alan Frumin in the 2010 health care reform fight, when Democrats used the budget fast-track tool to pass a small part of the Affordable Care Act. In 2001, Republicans fired Robert Dove as parliamentarian after he ruled against them on how many reconciliation bills could be used. That was actually his second stint in the job: Democrats had fired Dove when they took the majority in 1987.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Reconciliation — and what fits and doesn’t fit into it — isn’t the GOP’s only complication. Their biggest one is the policy itself. It has a lot of shortcomings.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The nonpartisan \u003cstrong>Congressional Budget Office\u003c/strong> said of the last iteration of the House bill that it would save money but would leave some 24 million without insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the GOP bill would be less generous in terms of benefits and cover fewer. And the only reason it would save money is because the repeal bill would \u003ca href=\"http://www.politico.com/story/2017/03/trump-obamacare-promises-236021\">cut $880 billion from Medicaid\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would break Trump’s promises of “insurance for everybody” and “no cuts to Social Security, Medicare & Medicaid.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CBO won’t get out an analysis of the bill before Republicans are planning to vote. Politically, that gives them a chance to wipe their brows and not have to defend something that could be difficult to defend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s morally questionable, though, to vote on something without knowing its cost or consequences. And what happens when the CBO score does come out — and they’ve already voted for it without the opportunity to make changes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there’s the issue of the popular \u003cstrong>pre-existing conditions\u003c/strong> provision in Obamacare — that requires insurance companies to cover people with pre-existing conditions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump claimed as late as this week that this bill would guarantee people with pre-existing conditions would continue to be covered. But Republicans’ attempts at doing that are very different from how Obamacare achieves it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The GOP plan would essentially allow states to take sicker people out of the broader pool of people buying coverage and put them into a “high-risk pool.” That, in theory, would bring down the cost of insurance for healthier people, but drive up the cost for the sick. Depending upon how much costs increase, that could shut some or many of the people who definitely need health care out of the insurance market.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>High-risk pools \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2017/02/03/513311344/republicans-consider-restoring-high-risk-pools-in-obamacare-replacement\">haven’t shown great results\u003c/a> where they have been currently implemented. Part of the problem has been funding. That’s why Trump picked up two more votes with a proposal for $8 billion more for those pools, but experts say that’s not even likely enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. government already has very high-profile high-risk pools, Medicare and Medicaid. Medicare, health care for the elderly, is popular but expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big point of Obamacare was to not go down that potentially problematic funding lane. Healthier people might pay a little more, but if you got sick, it wouldn’t bankrupt you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So why the rush to get this through if it has all these holes and it may not be what eventually becomes law anyway? Politics. The House finally has a chance to tell its base it did something, it passed \u003cem>something\u003c/em> to repeal and replace Obamacare.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The House goes on recess next week, and Republicans want to get this done and hand Trump a win before then.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a huge relief for House Speaker Paul Ryan, who was feeling the heat of not being able to govern House Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a huge relief for Trump, who has been made to look ineffectual with no legislative wins to speak of in his first 100 days and little other major accomplishments in that time — despite Republicans being in charge of the White House, the House and Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But remember, the GOP plan that failed previously had just a \u003ca href=\"https://poll.qu.edu/national/release-detail?ReleaseID=2443\">17 percent approval rating\u003c/a>. And, policywise, it hasn’t changed all that much.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Obama ran into a similar problem — health care is very difficult to message about but very easy to poke holes in. And Democrats lost control of the House in 2010 because of health care.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the Affordable Care Act, Obama’s signature legislative achievement, has had a resurgence in public opinion. Gallup found approval of the ACA at 55 percent this month, the first time it’s ever reached a majority in the poll.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>President Trump says the GOP bill can’t be compared to the ACA “because Obamacare is dead.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First of all, that’s not true. The last CBO analysis of the ACA said it’s not in a death spiral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, anything that comes after Obamacare has to be compared to it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What’s that you say, health care \u003cem>and\u003c/em> legislating are complicated? Yes, they are, and there’s still a long way to go.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=GOP+Expected+To+Pass+Its+Health+Care+Bill+At+Long+Last%2C+But+Still+A+Long+Way+To+Go&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "As Los Angeles Burned, the Border Patrol Swooped In",
"title": "As Los Angeles Burned, the Border Patrol Swooped In",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Looking back at the 1992 Los Angeles riots, people often remember tensions between African-Americans, white law enforcement officers and Korean small-business owners. That story gets even more complicated when you step into Pico-Union — a neighborhood that was, and still is, predominantly Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the Rodney King verdict, riots broke out around the city. The first day, they erupted in South Central; by the second, they had spread north to Pico-Union. And while people all over the city had to deal with looting, fires and general chaos, many residents of Pico Union had to deal with an additional fear — the threat of deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"Lfts020aCRBQQPItCHFHG6sHK0BAyGmz\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Hernandez was the neighborhood's city councilman in 1992. He said that in the 25 years since the riots, Pico-Union hasn't changed that much. The area is still more than 80 percent Latino, with lots of immigrant families from Mexico and Central America. And, in 1992, a majority of Pico-Union constituents were living below the poverty line in crowded conditions. Hernandez said he knew long before the riots started that Pico-Union was just as combustible as South Central L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had twice the density here of Manhattan,\" Hernandez said. \"And our fire station here, Fire Station 11, was the busiest fire station in the nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the midst of the burning and looting, Hernandez said the few law enforcement officers who made it to Pico-Union were not protecting and serving. He partially blamed it on the fact that in the early 1990s, \"Latino\" was often synonymous with \"illegal\" in California. In a 1992 interview, he told NPR that his request for reinforcement during the unrest didn't get him the results he wanted. \"The response to me when I said I needed the National Guard to protect the people of the area and I needed to protect the businesses and protect the homes, they gave me the Border Patrol. It was totally an insult,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11430116\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11430116\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/pico-union-img_2240_custom-bd719b7fd8a74479207699263dadd75c74b67218-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Former City Councilman Mike Hernandez visits the Pico-Union neighborhood of Los Angeles 25 years after the riots.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former City Councilman Mike Hernandez visits the Pico-Union neighborhood of Los Angeles 25 years after the riots. \u003ccite>(Shereen Marisol Meraji/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hernandez doesn't deny that people in Pico-Union were among the looters, but he said he saw people taking basics, like food and diapers. The vast majority of his constituents were scared out of their minds and hiding in their homes. The rioting and chaos, he said, triggered past trauma for many of the Central American immigrants who had fled civil war. And the presence of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, which included the Border Patrol back then, seemed to be fueling that fear — with good reason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"WOK5TDFsZXVkbT3fxGLptGo4tOk1Qi3o\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Documents gathered during the Webster Commission, the FBI's months-long investigation into the Los Angeles Police Department's response to the riots, included \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1992-05-20/local/me-325_1_police-commission\">declarations\u003c/a> from Pico-Union residents. Many of them were arrested by the LAPD for illegally residing in the U.S. and turned over to the INS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the L.A. riots, Madeline Janis ran a Pico-Union based non-profit called \u003ca href=\"http://www.carecen-la.org/press\">CARECEN\u003c/a> (Central American Resource Center), which is still in the neighborhood and provides multiple services to immigrants. In the aftermath of the unrest, Janis, an attorney, helped a couple of dozen people facing deportation — people like Martha Campos, a Salvadoran woman arrested by the LAPD at 3 in the afternoon on April 30, 1992, while drinking a fruit juice in front of a convenience store. At the time, Campos was 18 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An officer demanded to know my name, if I had any immigration papers and what country I was from,\" Campos said in her declaration, taken after two weeks in immigration detention at Terminal Island in San Pedro. She added that the LAPD questioned her about her immigration status. \"I responded that I had no papers and I told him what country I was from...I was then taken to a police station with many other people. Immigration arrived in several vans and took me and many other people away.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campos said that in detention she slept on narrow concrete benches, was fed dry meat and old bread, and not allowed to bathe. She was seven months pregnant. Campos said that she was afraid that the treatment she endured while in INS custody could cause serious harm to her or her baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"BNY2Cxfg8jEPv685CcquZWSfVrB1kPU8\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Madeline Janis said she's almost positive she was able to get Campos a hearing in immigration court, even though the 18-year old signed a voluntary departure document the day of her arrest. (NPR tried to find Campos and other detainees who gave declarations, but was unable to locate anyone 25 years after the incident.) Janis said the entire ordeal was so upsetting that it was hard for her to recall the events after our initial interview request. \"This was so awful, I think I blocked it out of my memory. I think it's because people suffered so much that I really ... just blocked it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11430127\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11430127\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/gettyimages-539923592-edit_custom-c2c02f9731fbecf0095d6fbc402bf336261ed529-s800-c85-800x521.jpg\" alt=\"The Pathfinder bookstore on Pico Blvd. burns in the Pico-Union area of Los Angeles during the riots in 1992.\" width=\"800\" height=\"521\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/gettyimages-539923592-edit_custom-c2c02f9731fbecf0095d6fbc402bf336261ed529-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/gettyimages-539923592-edit_custom-c2c02f9731fbecf0095d6fbc402bf336261ed529-s800-c85-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/gettyimages-539923592-edit_custom-c2c02f9731fbecf0095d6fbc402bf336261ed529-s800-c85-240x156.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/gettyimages-539923592-edit_custom-c2c02f9731fbecf0095d6fbc402bf336261ed529-s800-c85-375x244.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/gettyimages-539923592-edit_custom-c2c02f9731fbecf0095d6fbc402bf336261ed529-s800-c85-520x339.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Pathfinder bookstore on Pico Boulevard burns in the Pico-Union area of Los Angeles during the riots in 1992. \u003ccite>(Ted Soqui/Corbis via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What happened to Martha Campos shouldn't have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a rule called Special Order 40, which has been around since the late '70s, the Los Angeles Police Department wasn't, and still isn't, allowed to \"initiate police action with the objective of discovering the alien status of a person.\" They can involve immigration enforcement only when an unauthorized person has been arrested for serious misdemeanors or a felony. Among the Webster Commission documents archived in 40 cardboard boxes at the USC library, there were Immigration and Naturalization Service documents that show 86 percent of more than 1,200 undocumented \"riot aliens\" they received from the L.A. County Jail, the LAPD and other law enforcement were deported. Those documents cover only May 1 to May 4, 1992 (the unrest began on April 29th); and they do not specify what crimes those detained and deported were charged with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Moschorak was the district director of the INS in Los Angeles during the unrest. He remembers the riots differently than people like Hernandez and Janis. Moschorak, who has been retired for 23 years, said the riots were an all-hands-on-deck situation, and he sent in agents to help as requested, sometimes to just interpret for LAPD officers. As for Special Order 40, he told me he wasn't aware of it then, and doesn't agree with the policy now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that's ridiculous,\" Moschorak said. \"You know, many people don't realize that illegal entry into the United States is a misdemeanor in and of itself, a violation of 8USC1325 and re-entry is a felony. How long are we going to accept that in our society?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11430117\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11430117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/gettyimages-643900306_custom-1426e7db8bf989029bc727dfeb6621bedab99b9e-800x559.jpg\" alt=\"Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti speaks during a town hall on the Affordable Care Act in Los Angeles on Feb. 22. Garcetti said he's trying to quell fears stoked in the city's immigrant communities by President Trump's calls for more cooperation between local law enforcement and federal immigration authorities.\" width=\"800\" height=\"559\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti speaks during a town hall on the Affordable Care Act in Los Angeles on Feb. 22. Garcetti said he's trying to quell fears stoked in the city's immigrant communities by President Trump's calls for more cooperation between local law enforcement and federal immigration authorities. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not everyone shares Moschorak's contempt for the order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie Beck, the current LAPD chief, said he has accepted that there are a couple of hundred thousand immigrants living in Los Angeles who don't have legal status. \"And I got to be their police chief, too,\" Beck said. \"I'm not just a police chief to property owners. I'm not just a police chief to business owners. We're in charge of everybody's safety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Beck has been at the LAPD as long as Special Order 40 has been around, and said he can't recall a time it wasn't followed, even after learning about the Webster Commission documents that show otherwise. Regardless, Beck said it has long been crucial that the LAPD isn't thought of as immigration enforcement, because it erodes trust and immigrants stop reporting crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just last month, L.A. Mayor Eric Garcetti expanded Special Order 40 to include firefighters, port and airport police. At the event where Garcetti signed the executive directive, Beck told the audience that crime reporting has dropped significantly in Latino communities this year over fear that interacting with local law enforcement may lead to deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/525188083/525188084\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant rights activists in 1992, and a new generation of activists today, don't think the order goes far enough to protect L.A.'s immigrants — no matter how it's implemented. Many in California's immigrant rights movement are calling for zero cooperation between local law enforcement and federal immigration enforcement. (And a bill under consideration in the state Legislature may decide that issue statewide.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcetti said he's trying to quell fears stoked in L.A.'s immigrant communities by President Trump's calls for more cooperation between local law enforcement and federal immigration authorities. \"So to make our city safer, we're focused on keeping those bridges from being burned down right now,\" Garcetti said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 25 years ago, when Los Angeles was burning, Special Order 40 appears to have been an afterthought amid the chaos. Garcetti said that this new generation of police officers understand the need for Special Order 40 from both moral and practical terms. Garcetti said that it's one thing to have a policy on the books, \"but it's another thing to make sure that it's enforced, and enforced by \u003cem>everybody\u003c/em>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor added that we continue to learn lessons from the L.A. riots 25 years later. \"We're not perfect, but in this imperfect paradise that we call Los Angeles, I think we're better and more resilient because of what we went through in 1992.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Parker Yesko of the National Desk and Leah Donnella of Code Switch contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=As+Los+Angeles+Burned%2C+The+Border+Patrol+Swooped+In&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Looking back at the 1992 Los Angeles riots, people often remember tensions between African-Americans, white law enforcement officers and Korean small-business owners. That story gets even more complicated when you step into Pico-Union — a neighborhood that was, and still is, predominantly Latino.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the wake of the Rodney King verdict, riots broke out around the city. The first day, they erupted in South Central; by the second, they had spread north to Pico-Union. And while people all over the city had to deal with looting, fires and general chaos, many residents of Pico Union had to deal with an additional fear — the threat of deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mike Hernandez was the neighborhood's city councilman in 1992. He said that in the 25 years since the riots, Pico-Union hasn't changed that much. The area is still more than 80 percent Latino, with lots of immigrant families from Mexico and Central America. And, in 1992, a majority of Pico-Union constituents were living below the poverty line in crowded conditions. Hernandez said he knew long before the riots started that Pico-Union was just as combustible as South Central L.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had twice the density here of Manhattan,\" Hernandez said. \"And our fire station here, Fire Station 11, was the busiest fire station in the nation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in the midst of the burning and looting, Hernandez said the few law enforcement officers who made it to Pico-Union were not protecting and serving. He partially blamed it on the fact that in the early 1990s, \"Latino\" was often synonymous with \"illegal\" in California. In a 1992 interview, he told NPR that his request for reinforcement during the unrest didn't get him the results he wanted. \"The response to me when I said I needed the National Guard to protect the people of the area and I needed to protect the businesses and protect the homes, they gave me the Border Patrol. It was totally an insult,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11430116\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11430116\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/pico-union-img_2240_custom-bd719b7fd8a74479207699263dadd75c74b67218-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Former City Councilman Mike Hernandez visits the Pico-Union neighborhood of Los Angeles 25 years after the riots.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Former City Councilman Mike Hernandez visits the Pico-Union neighborhood of Los Angeles 25 years after the riots. \u003ccite>(Shereen Marisol Meraji/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Hernandez doesn't deny that people in Pico-Union were among the looters, but he said he saw people taking basics, like food and diapers. The vast majority of his constituents were scared out of their minds and hiding in their homes. The rioting and chaos, he said, triggered past trauma for many of the Central American immigrants who had fled civil war. And the presence of the Immigration and Naturalization Service, which included the Border Patrol back then, seemed to be fueling that fear — with good reason.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Documents gathered during the Webster Commission, the FBI's months-long investigation into the Los Angeles Police Department's response to the riots, included \u003ca href=\"http://articles.latimes.com/1992-05-20/local/me-325_1_police-commission\">declarations\u003c/a> from Pico-Union residents. Many of them were arrested by the LAPD for illegally residing in the U.S. and turned over to the INS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During the L.A. riots, Madeline Janis ran a Pico-Union based non-profit called \u003ca href=\"http://www.carecen-la.org/press\">CARECEN\u003c/a> (Central American Resource Center), which is still in the neighborhood and provides multiple services to immigrants. In the aftermath of the unrest, Janis, an attorney, helped a couple of dozen people facing deportation — people like Martha Campos, a Salvadoran woman arrested by the LAPD at 3 in the afternoon on April 30, 1992, while drinking a fruit juice in front of a convenience store. At the time, Campos was 18 years old.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"An officer demanded to know my name, if I had any immigration papers and what country I was from,\" Campos said in her declaration, taken after two weeks in immigration detention at Terminal Island in San Pedro. She added that the LAPD questioned her about her immigration status. \"I responded that I had no papers and I told him what country I was from...I was then taken to a police station with many other people. Immigration arrived in several vans and took me and many other people away.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Campos said that in detention she slept on narrow concrete benches, was fed dry meat and old bread, and not allowed to bathe. She was seven months pregnant. Campos said that she was afraid that the treatment she endured while in INS custody could cause serious harm to her or her baby.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Madeline Janis said she's almost positive she was able to get Campos a hearing in immigration court, even though the 18-year old signed a voluntary departure document the day of her arrest. (NPR tried to find Campos and other detainees who gave declarations, but was unable to locate anyone 25 years after the incident.) Janis said the entire ordeal was so upsetting that it was hard for her to recall the events after our initial interview request. \"This was so awful, I think I blocked it out of my memory. I think it's because people suffered so much that I really ... just blocked it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11430127\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11430127\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/gettyimages-539923592-edit_custom-c2c02f9731fbecf0095d6fbc402bf336261ed529-s800-c85-800x521.jpg\" alt=\"The Pathfinder bookstore on Pico Blvd. burns in the Pico-Union area of Los Angeles during the riots in 1992.\" width=\"800\" height=\"521\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/gettyimages-539923592-edit_custom-c2c02f9731fbecf0095d6fbc402bf336261ed529-s800-c85.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/gettyimages-539923592-edit_custom-c2c02f9731fbecf0095d6fbc402bf336261ed529-s800-c85-160x104.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/gettyimages-539923592-edit_custom-c2c02f9731fbecf0095d6fbc402bf336261ed529-s800-c85-240x156.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/gettyimages-539923592-edit_custom-c2c02f9731fbecf0095d6fbc402bf336261ed529-s800-c85-375x244.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/gettyimages-539923592-edit_custom-c2c02f9731fbecf0095d6fbc402bf336261ed529-s800-c85-520x339.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Pathfinder bookstore on Pico Boulevard burns in the Pico-Union area of Los Angeles during the riots in 1992. \u003ccite>(Ted Soqui/Corbis via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>What happened to Martha Campos shouldn't have.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to a rule called Special Order 40, which has been around since the late '70s, the Los Angeles Police Department wasn't, and still isn't, allowed to \"initiate police action with the objective of discovering the alien status of a person.\" They can involve immigration enforcement only when an unauthorized person has been arrested for serious misdemeanors or a felony. Among the Webster Commission documents archived in 40 cardboard boxes at the USC library, there were Immigration and Naturalization Service documents that show 86 percent of more than 1,200 undocumented \"riot aliens\" they received from the L.A. County Jail, the LAPD and other law enforcement were deported. Those documents cover only May 1 to May 4, 1992 (the unrest began on April 29th); and they do not specify what crimes those detained and deported were charged with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robert Moschorak was the district director of the INS in Los Angeles during the unrest. He remembers the riots differently than people like Hernandez and Janis. Moschorak, who has been retired for 23 years, said the riots were an all-hands-on-deck situation, and he sent in agents to help as requested, sometimes to just interpret for LAPD officers. As for Special Order 40, he told me he wasn't aware of it then, and doesn't agree with the policy now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think that's ridiculous,\" Moschorak said. \"You know, many people don't realize that illegal entry into the United States is a misdemeanor in and of itself, a violation of 8USC1325 and re-entry is a felony. How long are we going to accept that in our society?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11430117\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11430117\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/gettyimages-643900306_custom-1426e7db8bf989029bc727dfeb6621bedab99b9e-800x559.jpg\" alt=\"Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti speaks during a town hall on the Affordable Care Act in Los Angeles on Feb. 22. Garcetti said he's trying to quell fears stoked in the city's immigrant communities by President Trump's calls for more cooperation between local law enforcement and federal immigration authorities.\" width=\"800\" height=\"559\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti speaks during a town hall on the Affordable Care Act in Los Angeles on Feb. 22. Garcetti said he's trying to quell fears stoked in the city's immigrant communities by President Trump's calls for more cooperation between local law enforcement and federal immigration authorities. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Not everyone shares Moschorak's contempt for the order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Charlie Beck, the current LAPD chief, said he has accepted that there are a couple of hundred thousand immigrants living in Los Angeles who don't have legal status. \"And I got to be their police chief, too,\" Beck said. \"I'm not just a police chief to property owners. I'm not just a police chief to business owners. We're in charge of everybody's safety.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chief Beck has been at the LAPD as long as Special Order 40 has been around, and said he can't recall a time it wasn't followed, even after learning about the Webster Commission documents that show otherwise. Regardless, Beck said it has long been crucial that the LAPD isn't thought of as immigration enforcement, because it erodes trust and immigrants stop reporting crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just last month, L.A. Mayor Eric Garcetti expanded Special Order 40 to include firefighters, port and airport police. At the event where Garcetti signed the executive directive, Beck told the audience that crime reporting has dropped significantly in Latino communities this year over fear that interacting with local law enforcement may lead to deportation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/525188083/525188084\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Immigrant rights activists in 1992, and a new generation of activists today, don't think the order goes far enough to protect L.A.'s immigrants — no matter how it's implemented. Many in California's immigrant rights movement are calling for zero cooperation between local law enforcement and federal immigration enforcement. (And a bill under consideration in the state Legislature may decide that issue statewide.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garcetti said he's trying to quell fears stoked in L.A.'s immigrant communities by President Trump's calls for more cooperation between local law enforcement and federal immigration authorities. \"So to make our city safer, we're focused on keeping those bridges from being burned down right now,\" Garcetti said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But 25 years ago, when Los Angeles was burning, Special Order 40 appears to have been an afterthought amid the chaos. Garcetti said that this new generation of police officers understand the need for Special Order 40 from both moral and practical terms. Garcetti said that it's one thing to have a policy on the books, \"but it's another thing to make sure that it's enforced, and enforced by \u003cem>everybody\u003c/em>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The mayor added that we continue to learn lessons from the L.A. riots 25 years later. \"We're not perfect, but in this imperfect paradise that we call Los Angeles, I think we're better and more resilient because of what we went through in 1992.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Parker Yesko of the National Desk and Leah Donnella of Code Switch contributed to this report.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=As+Los+Angeles+Burned%2C+The+Border+Patrol+Swooped+In&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In Trump's First 100 Days, a Dramatic Reduction in Immigration",
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"content": "\u003cp>Nearly 100 days into his administration, President Trump has drastically reduced the flow of immigration, both legal and illegal, to the U.S. He's been able to accomplish that without any new legislation — and without many of his signature ideas solidly in place, including executive orders that have been put on hold by the courts and a proposed wall on the Mexican border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a matter of months, the Trump administration has made it harder to get into the U.S for all kinds of people. From refugees and visa holders, to asylum seekers and illegal border-crossers arriving at the southern border, the numbers have plummeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this may be just the beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A leaked draft of a progress report shows that the Department of Homeland Security has begun laying the groundwork to do more. The agency has identified more detention beds for immigrants in the country illegally, set aside money to start designing the border wall and sped up the hiring of thousands of federal immigration agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"bKKksVIBhsq4UYtlHwnp5wrxGJnRGpYc\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's an effort now to deter, to terrify,\" says Donald Kerwin, executive director of the Center for Migration Studies, a think tank in New York devoted to protecting the rights of migrants. Kerwin says even Trump's own rhetoric is aimed at deterring immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What they're trying to do are very splashy, draconian enforcement efforts that are really meant to tell people: nobody is safe, and nobody should come that's not documented,\" Kerwin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[RefugeeAdmissions]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That message may be getting through. Apprehensions at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\" target=\"_blank\">southern border fell dramatically\u003c/a> from more than 40,000 per month late last year to 18,754 in February, and just 12,193 in March. The administration is going out of its way to highlight those numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Last month was the lowest month for immigration illegally into our country in 17 years,\" said Attorney General Jeff Sessions at a news conference in El Paso, Texas, last week. \"That is a remarkable thing to accomplish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Away from the border, arrests by immigration agents were up by about a third during the first three months of the year, to 21,362, compared with 16,104 during the same period in 2016, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/documents/2017/apr/detainers_arrests.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">data provided by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003c/a>. The data also show that federal agents are arresting more unauthorized immigrants who don't have criminal records: 5,441 during the first few months of the year, compared with 2,278 last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior official with Immigration and Customs Enforcement tells NPR that the agency has been able to \"open the aperture\" on the types of immigrants it can target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/525584236/525833294\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reactions across the country reflect a divided America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're seeing mothers and fathers torn away from their families, many with no criminal histories at all, or with just minor past convictions,\" says Tom Jawetz, a vice president at the Center for American Progress, a left-leaning think tank in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robin Hvidston sees it differently. She's the director of We the People Rising, an organization in California that advocates tougher enforcement. \"I have not heard a presidential candidate in my lifetime address this topic,\" Hvidston says. \"And I think he does want to take action against more criminal activity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"d9XrXgxS2wMNQ7pXOsa9tcPJvsDGPbfT\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Courts have twice blocked Trump's effort to suspend the U.S. refugee program. In the meantime, the administration has simply stopped accepting as many refugees. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrapsnet.org/admissions-and-arrivals/\" target=\"_blank\">numbers have dropped significantly\u003c/a>: from nearly 10,000 a month last fall to just 2,070 in March, according to the State Department's Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We still have families who are separated, who we want to see rejoined,\" said Rebecca Liberato, a case manager in the Jersey City, N.J., office of Church World Service, a refugee resettlement agency. \"They're scared for their loved ones across seas as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just this week, a federal judge in San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/25/federal-judge-blocks-trump-order-on-sanctuary-city-funding/\" target=\"_blank\">blocked another Trump executive order\u003c/a>, this one punishing so-called sanctuary cities that limit cooperation with federal authorities. But that's not stopping the administration's agenda. In fact, it's signing up other cities to help enforce immigration law. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Trump%27s+First+100+Days%2C+A+Dramatic+Reduction+In+Immigration&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Nearly 100 days into his administration, President Trump has drastically reduced the flow of immigration, both legal and illegal, to the U.S. He's been able to accomplish that without any new legislation — and without many of his signature ideas solidly in place, including executive orders that have been put on hold by the courts and a proposed wall on the Mexican border.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a matter of months, the Trump administration has made it harder to get into the U.S for all kinds of people. From refugees and visa holders, to asylum seekers and illegal border-crossers arriving at the southern border, the numbers have plummeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And this may be just the beginning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A leaked draft of a progress report shows that the Department of Homeland Security has begun laying the groundwork to do more. The agency has identified more detention beds for immigrants in the country illegally, set aside money to start designing the border wall and sped up the hiring of thousands of federal immigration agents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's an effort now to deter, to terrify,\" says Donald Kerwin, executive director of the Center for Migration Studies, a think tank in New York devoted to protecting the rights of migrants. Kerwin says even Trump's own rhetoric is aimed at deterring immigrants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"What they're trying to do are very splashy, draconian enforcement efforts that are really meant to tell people: nobody is safe, and nobody should come that's not documented,\" Kerwin says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[RefugeeAdmissions]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That message may be getting through. Apprehensions at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/sw-border-migration\" target=\"_blank\">southern border fell dramatically\u003c/a> from more than 40,000 per month late last year to 18,754 in February, and just 12,193 in March. The administration is going out of its way to highlight those numbers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Last month was the lowest month for immigration illegally into our country in 17 years,\" said Attorney General Jeff Sessions at a news conference in El Paso, Texas, last week. \"That is a remarkable thing to accomplish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Away from the border, arrests by immigration agents were up by about a third during the first three months of the year, to 21,362, compared with 16,104 during the same period in 2016, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/documents/2017/apr/detainers_arrests.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">data provided by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement\u003c/a>. The data also show that federal agents are arresting more unauthorized immigrants who don't have criminal records: 5,441 during the first few months of the year, compared with 2,278 last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A senior official with Immigration and Customs Enforcement tells NPR that the agency has been able to \"open the aperture\" on the types of immigrants it can target.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/525584236/525833294\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reactions across the country reflect a divided America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're seeing mothers and fathers torn away from their families, many with no criminal histories at all, or with just minor past convictions,\" says Tom Jawetz, a vice president at the Center for American Progress, a left-leaning think tank in Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robin Hvidston sees it differently. She's the director of We the People Rising, an organization in California that advocates tougher enforcement. \"I have not heard a presidential candidate in my lifetime address this topic,\" Hvidston says. \"And I think he does want to take action against more criminal activity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Courts have twice blocked Trump's effort to suspend the U.S. refugee program. In the meantime, the administration has simply stopped accepting as many refugees. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.wrapsnet.org/admissions-and-arrivals/\" target=\"_blank\">numbers have dropped significantly\u003c/a>: from nearly 10,000 a month last fall to just 2,070 in March, according to the State Department's Bureau of Population, Refugees and Migration.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We still have families who are separated, who we want to see rejoined,\" said Rebecca Liberato, a case manager in the Jersey City, N.J., office of Church World Service, a refugee resettlement agency. \"They're scared for their loved ones across seas as well.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just this week, a federal judge in San Francisco \u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/2017/04/25/federal-judge-blocks-trump-order-on-sanctuary-city-funding/\" target=\"_blank\">blocked another Trump executive order\u003c/a>, this one punishing so-called sanctuary cities that limit cooperation with federal authorities. But that's not stopping the administration's agenda. In fact, it's signing up other cities to help enforce immigration law. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Trump%27s+First+100+Days%2C+A+Dramatic+Reduction+In+Immigration&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "New Evidence Puts Ancient Humans in California Far Earlier Than Thought",
"title": "New Evidence Puts Ancient Humans in California Far Earlier Than Thought",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Researchers in Southern California say they've uncovered evidence that humans lived there 130,000 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it's true, it would be the oldest sign of humans in the Americas ever — predating the best evidence up to now by about 115,000 years. And the claim has scientists wondering whether to believe it or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1992, archaeologists working a highway construction site in San Diego County found the partial skeleton of a mastodon, an elephant-like animal now extinct. Mastodon skeletons aren't so unusual, but there was other strange stuff with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The remains were in association with a number of sharply broken rocks and broken bones,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdnhm.org/consulting-services/paleo-services/about-us/staff/\">Tom Deméré\u003c/a>, a paleontologist at the San Diego Natural History Museum. He says the rocks showed clear marks of having been used as hammers and an anvil. And some of the mastodon bones as well as a tooth showed fractures characteristic of being whacked, apparently with those stones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It looked like the work of humans. Yet there were no cut marks on the bones showing that the animal was butchered for meat. Deméré thinks these people were after something else. \"The suggestion is that this site is strictly for breaking bone,\" Deméré says, \"to produce blank material, raw material to make bone tools or to extract marrow.\" Marrow is a rich source of fatty calories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11427986\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/excavation-site-1_enl-fa3d58b167fbe1047c597ffcc3239d174efa35bc-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Don Swanson, a paleontologist with the San Diego Natural History Museum, points at a rock fragment near a large horizontal mastodon tusk fragment.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11427986\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Don Swanson, a paleontologist with the San Diego Natural History Museum, points at a rock fragment near a large horizontal mastodon tusk fragment. \u003ccite>(San Diego Natural History Museum/Nature)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The scientists knew they'd uncovered something rare. But they didn't realize just how rare for years, until they got a reliable date on how old the bones were by using a uranium-thorium dating technology that didn't exist in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bones were 130,000 years old. That's a jaw-dropping date, as other evidence shows that the earliest humans got to the Americas about 15,000 to 20,000 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is an order of magnitude difference. Wow,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.stonybrook.edu/experts/profile.php?name=john-shea\">John Shea\u003c/a>, an archaeologist at New York's Stony Brook University who specializes in studying ancient tool-making. \"If it's correct, then there's an extraordinarily ancient dispersal to the New World that has a very different archaeological signature from anything left behind by recent humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shea says it's different because Stone Age toolmakers usually leave behind stone flakes — sharp pieces broken or \"knapped\" from certain kinds of rock that serve as cutting implements. There were none at the California site. Another odd thing: no signs that the mastodon was butchered for the meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is weird,\" Shea says. \"It's an outlier in terms of what archaeological sites from that time range look like everywhere else on the planet.\" He suggests these bones might have been broken up by natural causes — by a mudflow, perhaps, or by the trampling of animals sometime after the mastodon died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another skeptic is \u003ca href=\"http://www.southampton.ac.uk/archaeology/about/staff/scarab.page\">John McNabb\u003c/a>, an archeologist at the University of Southampton in England. His question: How did those people get to California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty thousand years ago, archaeologists agree, people \u003cem>did\u003c/em> cross over to Alaska from Siberia, perhaps more than once. Sea levels were lower then and there was a land bridge connecting the continents. In an interview with the journal Nature, which \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature22065\">published the California research\u003c/a>, McNabb says that land bridge wasn't there 130,000 years ago. \"The sea lane in between the two continents [was] wider [then],\" he says, \"so that's one problem with this, how do we get humans across?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HyfSsgCrjb0\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McNabb says what's needed to really prove that this is truly an archaeological site are bones from the people who got there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California team counters that they've spent over 20 years examining the evidence. Team member and archaeologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.capr.tdcart.com/\">Steve Holen\u003c/a> is with the Center for American Paleolithic Research. \"I know people will be skeptical with this because it is so surprising,\" he says, \"and I was skeptical when I first looked at the material myself. But it's definitely an archaeological site.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holen says these early people could have come across in boats. As for the broken bones, he says the type of fracture isn't accidental. And the way the hammerstones and bones were distributed in the ground doesn't look natural.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One question the team can't answer is who these people were. A genetic technique that uses mutations in a population's genome as a sort of \"clock\" says the first common ancestor of Native Americans lived about 20,000 years ago. So if there were indeed earlier settlers, it could be they made an arduous migration from Siberia, only to die out without leaving any descendants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=New+Evidence+Suggests+Humans+Arrived+In+The+Americas+Far+Earlier+Than+Thought&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Until now, the earliest signs of humans in the Americas dated back about 15,000 years. But new research puts humans in California 130,000 years ago.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers in Southern California say they've uncovered evidence that humans lived there 130,000 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If it's true, it would be the oldest sign of humans in the Americas ever — predating the best evidence up to now by about 115,000 years. And the claim has scientists wondering whether to believe it or not.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In 1992, archaeologists working a highway construction site in San Diego County found the partial skeleton of a mastodon, an elephant-like animal now extinct. Mastodon skeletons aren't so unusual, but there was other strange stuff with it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The remains were in association with a number of sharply broken rocks and broken bones,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdnhm.org/consulting-services/paleo-services/about-us/staff/\">Tom Deméré\u003c/a>, a paleontologist at the San Diego Natural History Museum. He says the rocks showed clear marks of having been used as hammers and an anvil. And some of the mastodon bones as well as a tooth showed fractures characteristic of being whacked, apparently with those stones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It looked like the work of humans. Yet there were no cut marks on the bones showing that the animal was butchered for meat. Deméré thinks these people were after something else. \"The suggestion is that this site is strictly for breaking bone,\" Deméré says, \"to produce blank material, raw material to make bone tools or to extract marrow.\" Marrow is a rich source of fatty calories.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11427986\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/excavation-site-1_enl-fa3d58b167fbe1047c597ffcc3239d174efa35bc-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Don Swanson, a paleontologist with the San Diego Natural History Museum, points at a rock fragment near a large horizontal mastodon tusk fragment.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11427986\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Don Swanson, a paleontologist with the San Diego Natural History Museum, points at a rock fragment near a large horizontal mastodon tusk fragment. \u003ccite>(San Diego Natural History Museum/Nature)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The scientists knew they'd uncovered something rare. But they didn't realize just how rare for years, until they got a reliable date on how old the bones were by using a uranium-thorium dating technology that didn't exist in the 1990s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bones were 130,000 years old. That's a jaw-dropping date, as other evidence shows that the earliest humans got to the Americas about 15,000 to 20,000 years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is an order of magnitude difference. Wow,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.stonybrook.edu/experts/profile.php?name=john-shea\">John Shea\u003c/a>, an archaeologist at New York's Stony Brook University who specializes in studying ancient tool-making. \"If it's correct, then there's an extraordinarily ancient dispersal to the New World that has a very different archaeological signature from anything left behind by recent humans.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shea says it's different because Stone Age toolmakers usually leave behind stone flakes — sharp pieces broken or \"knapped\" from certain kinds of rock that serve as cutting implements. There were none at the California site. Another odd thing: no signs that the mastodon was butchered for the meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is weird,\" Shea says. \"It's an outlier in terms of what archaeological sites from that time range look like everywhere else on the planet.\" He suggests these bones might have been broken up by natural causes — by a mudflow, perhaps, or by the trampling of animals sometime after the mastodon died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another skeptic is \u003ca href=\"http://www.southampton.ac.uk/archaeology/about/staff/scarab.page\">John McNabb\u003c/a>, an archeologist at the University of Southampton in England. His question: How did those people get to California?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twenty thousand years ago, archaeologists agree, people \u003cem>did\u003c/em> cross over to Alaska from Siberia, perhaps more than once. Sea levels were lower then and there was a land bridge connecting the continents. In an interview with the journal Nature, which \u003ca href=\"http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature22065\">published the California research\u003c/a>, McNabb says that land bridge wasn't there 130,000 years ago. \"The sea lane in between the two continents [was] wider [then],\" he says, \"so that's one problem with this, how do we get humans across?\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/HyfSsgCrjb0'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/HyfSsgCrjb0'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>McNabb says what's needed to really prove that this is truly an archaeological site are bones from the people who got there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The California team counters that they've spent over 20 years examining the evidence. Team member and archaeologist \u003ca href=\"http://www.capr.tdcart.com/\">Steve Holen\u003c/a> is with the Center for American Paleolithic Research. \"I know people will be skeptical with this because it is so surprising,\" he says, \"and I was skeptical when I first looked at the material myself. But it's definitely an archaeological site.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holen says these early people could have come across in boats. As for the broken bones, he says the type of fracture isn't accidental. And the way the hammerstones and bones were distributed in the ground doesn't look natural.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One question the team can't answer is who these people were. A genetic technique that uses mutations in a population's genome as a sort of \"clock\" says the first common ancestor of Native Americans lived about 20,000 years ago. So if there were indeed earlier settlers, it could be they made an arduous migration from Siberia, only to die out without leaving any descendants. \u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=New+Evidence+Suggests+Humans+Arrived+In+The+Americas+Far+Earlier+Than+Thought&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Yosemite Rangers Use GPS to Save Bears From Cars",
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"content": "\u003cp>People love seeing \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/learn/nature/bears.htm\">black bears\u003c/a> when they visit Yosemite National Park. But encounters don't always go well. The park has come up with a new way to keep humans and bears safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno State University student Quiang Chang was walking recently with his friends along the rushing Merced River. It was his fifth time visiting Yosemite National Park, and he hadn't seen a bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if they appear, Chang said, \"I probably would just quietly ... just observe them and take a picture.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/524409047/524936093\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://keepbearswild.org/bear-encounters/\">Keeping a healthy distance\u003c/a> from bears is exactly what park officials want people to do. But training the public to think this way hasn't been easy, says National Park Service spokesman Scott Gediman. Twenty years ago, human-bear encounters in Yosemite were very common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was not atypical to have three or four vehicles broken into every night,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bears would rip open car doors or smash windows \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/30/us/to-bears-in-yosemite-cars-are-like-cookie-jars.html\">in search of food\u003c/a>. But others are craftier. One park visitor even took a video of a bear opening a car door with its paws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418747\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418747\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-4-7cd4d9e51fe5551ebbb2cbe1f8553e25fa59b56f-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy says he hopes the website keeps both people and bears safe.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy says he hopes the website keeps both people and bears safe. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1998, there were 1,600 encounters with bears. Now, there are fewer than 100 every year, says Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy. That's because park rangers have worked to educate the public on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/bears.htm\">storing food properly\u003c/a>, and Leahy says they now use technology to track the bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leahy works in a cabin on the edge of Yosemite Valley. He's tracking bears online in real time using the GPS collars the animals wear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, he says, human interaction with bears often resulted in having to kill the animals. By using these tracking tools, fewer and fewer bears are killed. If a bear gets too close to people, Leahy's team can scare it away, catch it or relocate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracking data from the past few years points to another trend: Bears are being hit by cars, and speeding is now their biggest threat. Leahy says 28 were hit last year, and many of them died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're talking about 10 percent of our bears potentially being hit by vehicles each year,\" he says. \"Just slowing down a little bit will give you that stopping distance required to prevent a collision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418748\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418748\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Black bears are tracked in Yosemite using telemetry and GPS collars.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832.jpg 1998w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black bears are tracked in Yosemite using telemetry and GPS collars. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The key, he says, is education. His team has created an \u003ca href=\"http://keepbearswild.org/bear-tracker/\">interactive map-based website\u003c/a> where the public can track the lives of selected bears and see general areas where they're hit most often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leahy says the bears' locations are delayed on the site so people aren't able to track them in real time. On the site, park visitors can also learn about how to be safe if a bear is around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So what we want to do with this website in a positive way is engage people before they get here: 'Hey, here's the real story about black bears in Yosemite National Park,' \" Leahy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes the site means fewer midnight calls with a dented car and either a dead or wounded bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/people/ezra-david-romero#stream/0\">Ezra David Romero\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a reporter with NPR member station Valley Public Radio. You can follow him\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ezraromero\">@ezraromero\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 Valley Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvpr.org/\">Valley Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Yosemite+Rangers+Use+Technology+To+Save+Bears+From+Cars&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>People love seeing \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/learn/nature/bears.htm\">black bears\u003c/a> when they visit Yosemite National Park. But encounters don't always go well. The park has come up with a new way to keep humans and bears safe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fresno State University student Quiang Chang was walking recently with his friends along the rushing Merced River. It was his fifth time visiting Yosemite National Park, and he hadn't seen a bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if they appear, Chang said, \"I probably would just quietly ... just observe them and take a picture.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/524409047/524936093\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://keepbearswild.org/bear-encounters/\">Keeping a healthy distance\u003c/a> from bears is exactly what park officials want people to do. But training the public to think this way hasn't been easy, says National Park Service spokesman Scott Gediman. Twenty years ago, human-bear encounters in Yosemite were very common.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was not atypical to have three or four vehicles broken into every night,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bears would rip open car doors or smash windows \u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/30/us/to-bears-in-yosemite-cars-are-like-cookie-jars.html\">in search of food\u003c/a>. But others are craftier. One park visitor even took a video of a bear opening a car door with its paws.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418747\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418747\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-4-7cd4d9e51fe5551ebbb2cbe1f8553e25fa59b56f-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy says he hopes the website keeps both people and bears safe.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy says he hopes the website keeps both people and bears safe. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In 1998, there were 1,600 encounters with bears. Now, there are fewer than 100 every year, says Yosemite National Park wildlife biologist Ryan Leahy. That's because park rangers have worked to educate the public on \u003ca href=\"https://www.nps.gov/yose/planyourvisit/bears.htm\">storing food properly\u003c/a>, and Leahy says they now use technology to track the bears.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leahy works in a cabin on the edge of Yosemite Valley. He's tracking bears online in real time using the GPS collars the animals wear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, he says, human interaction with bears often resulted in having to kill the animals. By using these tracking tools, fewer and fewer bears are killed. If a bear gets too close to people, Leahy's team can scare it away, catch it or relocate it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tracking data from the past few years points to another trend: Bears are being hit by cars, and speeding is now their biggest threat. Leahy says 28 were hit last year, and many of them died.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're talking about 10 percent of our bears potentially being hit by vehicles each year,\" he says. \"Just slowing down a little bit will give you that stopping distance required to prevent a collision.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11418748\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11418748\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Black bears are tracked in Yosemite using telemetry and GPS collars.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-160x120.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-960x720.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-240x180.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-375x281.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832-520x390.jpg 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/248424-photo-3-577eedb4615d69db7fa31c13313bd910f0acb832.jpg 1998w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Black bears are tracked in Yosemite using telemetry and GPS collars. \u003ccite>(Ezra David Romero/Valley Public Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The key, he says, is education. His team has created an \u003ca href=\"http://keepbearswild.org/bear-tracker/\">interactive map-based website\u003c/a> where the public can track the lives of selected bears and see general areas where they're hit most often.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Leahy says the bears' locations are delayed on the site so people aren't able to track them in real time. On the site, park visitors can also learn about how to be safe if a bear is around.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So what we want to do with this website in a positive way is engage people before they get here: 'Hey, here's the real story about black bears in Yosemite National Park,' \" Leahy says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He hopes the site means fewer midnight calls with a dented car and either a dead or wounded bear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://kvpr.org/people/ezra-david-romero#stream/0\">Ezra David Romero\u003c/a>\u003cem> is a reporter with NPR member station Valley Public Radio. You can follow him\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/ezraromero\">@ezraromero\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 Valley Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kvpr.org/\">Valley Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Yosemite+Rangers+Use+Technology+To+Save+Bears+From+Cars&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "When Active-Duty Service Members Struggle to Feed Their Families",
"title": "When Active-Duty Service Members Struggle to Feed Their Families",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Kara Dethlefsen lined up early on a recent morning for the food pantry at the Camp Pendleton Marine Base near San Diego. She and her husband, both active-duty Marines, took turns holding their 4-month-old daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We most like to get the avocados, lemons, some vegetables to cook up,\" says Dethlefsen, 27, who first heard about the pantry from an on-base nurse after giving birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This probably saves us anywhere from $100-300 each time we come,\" she says. That's key for her young family. Her husband is getting ready to transition to civilian life after five years of military service, and they're not sure what financial challenges that could bring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The food pantry is run by Saddleback Church, one of several faith-based groups that operate on base to bring donated food to military families every month. The pantry offers fresh fruit and vegetables, canned food, meat and baby items like diapers. Typically, about 100 families show up, according to Saddleback pastor Steve Mahnke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I always tell my friends, my neighbors, I show them what I got and they seem to be coming,\" says Sarai Vizcarrondo, 41, as she pushed a cart of produce and canned goods to her car. She says the pantry helps meet the needs of her family, which includes two teenage children and her husband, an active-duty Marine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though families cite different reasons for coming, the pantry's popularity points to a real need among service members, says Abby Leibman, president and CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://mazon.org/\">MAZON: A Jewish Response to Hunger\u003c/a>, an advocacy group based in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11416898\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11416898\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-800x600.jpe\" alt=\"A volunteer with the Saddleback Church prepares produce as part of the group's food pantry at Camp Pendleton. The church typically serves about 100 active duty military families as part of its monthly food pantry.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-800x600.jpe 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-160x120.jpe 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-1020x764.jpe 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-1180x884.jpe 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-960x719.jpe 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-240x180.jpe 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-375x281.jpe 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-520x390.jpe 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db.jpe 1289w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A volunteer with the Saddleback Church prepares produce as part of the group's food pantry at Camp Pendleton. The church typically serves about 100 active-duty military families as part of its monthly food pantry. \u003ccite>(Dorian Merina/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"There's nothing that makes you feel more vulnerable or undermines your ability to live your life [more] than not knowing if you're going to be able to feed your family,\" says Leibman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her group tracks food assistance programs, such as pantries, available to military families across the country. She says there are hundreds of pantries on or near most bases or installations that are designed specifically for active-duty military families. She says that's a \"serious indicator\" of need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's about a system that was designed to support them that is failing in that goal,\" says Leibman. \"We have a military that takes care of its own. Well, here's a place where it's failing, so it needs to course correct.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Calls for Better Data, Swifter Response\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In July 2016, the Government Accountability Office \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-16-561\">concluded\u003c/a> that the Department of Defense was not fully collecting or analyzing data on how many service members were in need of food assistance or enrolled in federal programs such as SNAP, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap\">Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program\u003c/a> (also known as food stamps), and WIC, the program for \u003ca href=\"https://www.fns.usda.gov/wic/women-infants-and-children-wic\">Women, Infants and Children\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the GAO found troubling signs that some military families were in need. For example, nearly one in four children at DOD schools are eligible for free meals, a program that's based on income. Also, about 23,000 active-duty service members rely on SNAP benefits, according to the 2013 Census Bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, families spent about $67 million in food stamps at commissaries -- the discount stores on military bases, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which administers SNAP. The largest share was in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11416899\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11416899\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-800x600.jpe\" alt=\"Hundreds of pantries on or near most bases or installations, like this one at Camp Pendleton, are designed specifically for active-duty military families.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-800x600.jpe 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-160x120.jpe 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-1020x765.jpe 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-1180x885.jpe 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-960x720.jpe 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-240x180.jpe 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-375x281.jpe 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-520x390.jpe 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b.jpe 1295w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hundreds of pantries on or near most bases or installations, like this one at Camp Pendleton, are designed specifically for active-duty military families. \u003ccite>(Dorian Merina/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"This suggests that people serving our country may be having difficulty making ends meet,\" stated the GAO report, which called on the Department of Defense to do a better job tracking service members' eligibility and use of food-assistance programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Without more complete survey data, DOD will not understand the prevalence of need among service members to effectively target its support,\" the report concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the Pentagon said it concurred with the GAO recommendations -- but nearly a year later, it still hasn't changed how it tracks the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This particular issue crosses multiple offices within the DOD in terms of policy responsibility,\" says Johnny Michael, a Pentagon spokesman. \"Each of those offices takes their specific policies very seriously. They look at things like the GAO report and try to improve whichever policy they're responsible for in terms of taking care of our service members.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He declined to comment on whether specific offices, such as the Defense Health Agency or the Defense Manpower Data Center, both cited in the GAO report, have made specific changes or had changes underway in response to the report. But he adds, \"They have read it and they are certainly taking those recommendations into consideration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Lower Enlisted Ranks the Most Vulnerable\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When her husband was stationed at San Diego's naval base in 2010, Ashley Butler began a meticulous accounting of their household expenses. She tracked gas costs. She bought items in bulk. She limited trips to see family back in Wichita, Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her husband was an enlisted naval seaman, and with two young daughters under 10, they were finding it hard to make ends meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You stretch as much as you possibly can,\" she says. \"It's stressful because you want to make sure you can feed your family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They qualified for WIC, and Butler, who was 27 at the time, went to the food pantries nearby. But feeding her family was still a challenge -- and she knew other families who were having a hard time, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11416900\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11416900\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-800x600.jpe\" alt=\"Lt. Cmdr. Corey Thornton is the chaplain at the Camp Pendleton Marine Base and helps facilitate the church groups that run the on-base food pantries for military families. "The Marine Corps sees family readiness as integral to the mission itself," he says. "If the family is not OK, then the Marine that's serving in that command is not OK."\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-800x600.jpe 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-160x120.jpe 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-1020x765.jpe 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-1180x885.jpe 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-960x720.jpe 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-240x180.jpe 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-375x281.jpe 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-520x390.jpe 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722.jpe 1295w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lt. Cmdr. Corey Thornton is the chaplain at the Camp Pendleton Marine Base and helps facilitate the church groups that run the on-base food pantries for military families. \"The Marine Corps sees family readiness as integral to the mission itself,\" he says. \"If the family is not OK, then the Marine that's serving in that command is not OK.\" \u003ccite>(Dorian Merina/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The people who are struggling don't want to talk about it, they're embarrassed by it,\" she says, adding that her own relatives shared the misconception that all military members earn a high salary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People need to be made aware that this is happening,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Service members who qualify and receive federal food assistance make up a small percentage of the overall active-duty population -- barely 2 percent of the force, according to the USDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that number tends to draw from a particular slice of the military: lower-ranking enlisted members with children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An enlisted service member, for example, \u003ca href=\"http://militarypay.defense.gov/Portals/3/Documents/ActiveDutyTables/basicpay2016.pdf?ver=2017-02-22-123838-630\">starts out earning\u003c/a> $1,449 per month. In a family with three children, that salary could make them eligible to receive SNAP benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pentagon notes that the pay scale rises as a service member stays on duty. Troops also receive additional benefits, including health and dental care, child care and, at times, a housing allowance. By the time a service member rises to an E-4 rank, he or she earns $2,046 monthly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are indications that food stamp data provide only a partial picture of need. For example, in a recent survey run by military spouses, called \u003ca href=\"https://bluestarfam.org/about/\">Blue Star Families\u003c/a>, 7 percent of active-duty families said they faced food insecurity over the past year. Taken as a percentage of the overall active-duty population, that would be more than 80,000 families nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butler, the Navy spouse from San Diego, moved with her family to Ridgecrest, California, about three hours north of Los Angeles, in 2014. Her husband has since been promoted, which has helped ease the financial pressure. But the move also came with another challenge: The remote area lacks support programs like the food pantries and discount food stores of San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"XZmFOvlnIiGHWyeIc83hGeC1femxxcAV\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We still struggle,\" she says, adding that her husband first joined the military because he was drawn by a sense of duty to serve his country. \"I feel like we're being penalized because he wants to do good, and I shouldn't have to feel that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Closing a Loophole\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the short term, advocates are calling on the government to close a loophole that currently prevents more military families from being eligible for SNAP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the funds that a service member receives for living off-base, known as the Basic Allowance for Housing, are counted toward eligibility for SNAP. When that's added to a family's income, it pushes some into an income bracket too high to receive food aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Susan Davis, a California Democrat, has introduced legislation in Congress that would change that. The bill, titled the \u003ca href=\"https://susandavis.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/congresswoman-susan-davis-introduces-the-military-hunger-prevention-act\">Military Prevention Hunger Act\u003c/a>, has been referred to the military personnel and nutrition subcommittees in the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abby Leibman, of the advocacy group MAZON, says she supports the measure, which her group estimates could double the number of military families who get SNAP. But she says there's a larger issue that society as a whole must grapple with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This part of our community is not being served and that's our responsibility, because they are sacrificing so much for us,\" says Leibman. \"It becomes our obligation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by the \u003ca href=\"http://americanhomefront.wunc.org/\">American Homefront Project \u003c/a>-- a collaboration of North Carolina Public Radio-WUNC, KPCC-Los Angeles, and WUSF-Tampa, with funding from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and the Bob Woodruff Foundation. \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/dorian-merina\">Dorian Merina\u003c/a> is a reporter with KPCC.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 Southern California Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpcc.org/\">Southern California Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+Active-Duty+Service+Members+Struggle+To+Feed+Their+Families&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "About 23,000 military families rely on food stamps. But advocates say that number is only a partial picture of the need.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Kara Dethlefsen lined up early on a recent morning for the food pantry at the Camp Pendleton Marine Base near San Diego. She and her husband, both active-duty Marines, took turns holding their 4-month-old daughter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We most like to get the avocados, lemons, some vegetables to cook up,\" says Dethlefsen, 27, who first heard about the pantry from an on-base nurse after giving birth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This probably saves us anywhere from $100-300 each time we come,\" she says. That's key for her young family. Her husband is getting ready to transition to civilian life after five years of military service, and they're not sure what financial challenges that could bring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The food pantry is run by Saddleback Church, one of several faith-based groups that operate on base to bring donated food to military families every month. The pantry offers fresh fruit and vegetables, canned food, meat and baby items like diapers. Typically, about 100 families show up, according to Saddleback pastor Steve Mahnke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I always tell my friends, my neighbors, I show them what I got and they seem to be coming,\" says Sarai Vizcarrondo, 41, as she pushed a cart of produce and canned goods to her car. She says the pantry helps meet the needs of her family, which includes two teenage children and her husband, an active-duty Marine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though families cite different reasons for coming, the pantry's popularity points to a real need among service members, says Abby Leibman, president and CEO of \u003ca href=\"http://mazon.org/\">MAZON: A Jewish Response to Hunger\u003c/a>, an advocacy group based in Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11416898\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11416898\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-800x600.jpe\" alt=\"A volunteer with the Saddleback Church prepares produce as part of the group's food pantry at Camp Pendleton. The church typically serves about 100 active duty military families as part of its monthly food pantry.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-800x600.jpe 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-160x120.jpe 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-1020x764.jpe 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-1180x884.jpe 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-960x719.jpe 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-240x180.jpe 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-375x281.jpe 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db-520x390.jpe 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_produce-b62b8e26c0ae3ac6a571b6965968f446ac9bf6db.jpe 1289w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A volunteer with the Saddleback Church prepares produce as part of the group's food pantry at Camp Pendleton. The church typically serves about 100 active-duty military families as part of its monthly food pantry. \u003ccite>(Dorian Merina/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"There's nothing that makes you feel more vulnerable or undermines your ability to live your life [more] than not knowing if you're going to be able to feed your family,\" says Leibman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her group tracks food assistance programs, such as pantries, available to military families across the country. She says there are hundreds of pantries on or near most bases or installations that are designed specifically for active-duty military families. She says that's a \"serious indicator\" of need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's about a system that was designed to support them that is failing in that goal,\" says Leibman. \"We have a military that takes care of its own. Well, here's a place where it's failing, so it needs to course correct.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Calls for Better Data, Swifter Response\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In July 2016, the Government Accountability Office \u003ca href=\"http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-16-561\">concluded\u003c/a> that the Department of Defense was not fully collecting or analyzing data on how many service members were in need of food assistance or enrolled in federal programs such as SNAP, the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fns.usda.gov/snap/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap\">Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program\u003c/a> (also known as food stamps), and WIC, the program for \u003ca href=\"https://www.fns.usda.gov/wic/women-infants-and-children-wic\">Women, Infants and Children\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the same time, the GAO found troubling signs that some military families were in need. For example, nearly one in four children at DOD schools are eligible for free meals, a program that's based on income. Also, about 23,000 active-duty service members rely on SNAP benefits, according to the 2013 Census Bureau.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Last year, families spent about $67 million in food stamps at commissaries -- the discount stores on military bases, according to the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which administers SNAP. The largest share was in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11416899\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11416899\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-800x600.jpe\" alt=\"Hundreds of pantries on or near most bases or installations, like this one at Camp Pendleton, are designed specifically for active-duty military families.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-800x600.jpe 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-160x120.jpe 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-1020x765.jpe 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-1180x885.jpe 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-960x720.jpe 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-240x180.jpe 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-375x281.jpe 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b-520x390.jpe 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foostamp_volunteers-4af454d3d13cf908c1933633d436b16a5b4f5e1b.jpe 1295w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hundreds of pantries on or near most bases or installations, like this one at Camp Pendleton, are designed specifically for active-duty military families. \u003ccite>(Dorian Merina/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"This suggests that people serving our country may be having difficulty making ends meet,\" stated the GAO report, which called on the Department of Defense to do a better job tracking service members' eligibility and use of food-assistance programs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Without more complete survey data, DOD will not understand the prevalence of need among service members to effectively target its support,\" the report concluded.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, the Pentagon said it concurred with the GAO recommendations -- but nearly a year later, it still hasn't changed how it tracks the issue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This particular issue crosses multiple offices within the DOD in terms of policy responsibility,\" says Johnny Michael, a Pentagon spokesman. \"Each of those offices takes their specific policies very seriously. They look at things like the GAO report and try to improve whichever policy they're responsible for in terms of taking care of our service members.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He declined to comment on whether specific offices, such as the Defense Health Agency or the Defense Manpower Data Center, both cited in the GAO report, have made specific changes or had changes underway in response to the report. But he adds, \"They have read it and they are certainly taking those recommendations into consideration.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Lower Enlisted Ranks the Most Vulnerable\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>When her husband was stationed at San Diego's naval base in 2010, Ashley Butler began a meticulous accounting of their household expenses. She tracked gas costs. She bought items in bulk. She limited trips to see family back in Wichita, Kansas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Her husband was an enlisted naval seaman, and with two young daughters under 10, they were finding it hard to make ends meet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You stretch as much as you possibly can,\" she says. \"It's stressful because you want to make sure you can feed your family.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They qualified for WIC, and Butler, who was 27 at the time, went to the food pantries nearby. But feeding her family was still a challenge -- and she knew other families who were having a hard time, too.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11416900\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11416900\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-800x600.jpe\" alt=\"Lt. Cmdr. Corey Thornton is the chaplain at the Camp Pendleton Marine Base and helps facilitate the church groups that run the on-base food pantries for military families. "The Marine Corps sees family readiness as integral to the mission itself," he says. "If the family is not OK, then the Marine that's serving in that command is not OK."\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-800x600.jpe 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-160x120.jpe 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-1020x765.jpe 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-1180x885.jpe 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-960x720.jpe 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-240x180.jpe 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-375x281.jpe 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722-520x390.jpe 520w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/foodstamp_chaplain-82a7869ffe5a9cd80b7c2774616b6e67b7884722.jpe 1295w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lt. Cmdr. Corey Thornton is the chaplain at the Camp Pendleton Marine Base and helps facilitate the church groups that run the on-base food pantries for military families. \"The Marine Corps sees family readiness as integral to the mission itself,\" he says. \"If the family is not OK, then the Marine that's serving in that command is not OK.\" \u003ccite>(Dorian Merina/KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"The people who are struggling don't want to talk about it, they're embarrassed by it,\" she says, adding that her own relatives shared the misconception that all military members earn a high salary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"People need to be made aware that this is happening,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Service members who qualify and receive federal food assistance make up a small percentage of the overall active-duty population -- barely 2 percent of the force, according to the USDA.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But that number tends to draw from a particular slice of the military: lower-ranking enlisted members with children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>An enlisted service member, for example, \u003ca href=\"http://militarypay.defense.gov/Portals/3/Documents/ActiveDutyTables/basicpay2016.pdf?ver=2017-02-22-123838-630\">starts out earning\u003c/a> $1,449 per month. In a family with three children, that salary could make them eligible to receive SNAP benefits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Pentagon notes that the pay scale rises as a service member stays on duty. Troops also receive additional benefits, including health and dental care, child care and, at times, a housing allowance. By the time a service member rises to an E-4 rank, he or she earns $2,046 monthly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, there are indications that food stamp data provide only a partial picture of need. For example, in a recent survey run by military spouses, called \u003ca href=\"https://bluestarfam.org/about/\">Blue Star Families\u003c/a>, 7 percent of active-duty families said they faced food insecurity over the past year. Taken as a percentage of the overall active-duty population, that would be more than 80,000 families nationwide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butler, the Navy spouse from San Diego, moved with her family to Ridgecrest, California, about three hours north of Los Angeles, in 2014. Her husband has since been promoted, which has helped ease the financial pressure. But the move also came with another challenge: The remote area lacks support programs like the food pantries and discount food stores of San Diego.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We still struggle,\" she says, adding that her husband first joined the military because he was drawn by a sense of duty to serve his country. \"I feel like we're being penalized because he wants to do good, and I shouldn't have to feel that.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Closing a Loophole\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the short term, advocates are calling on the government to close a loophole that currently prevents more military families from being eligible for SNAP.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Right now, the funds that a service member receives for living off-base, known as the Basic Allowance for Housing, are counted toward eligibility for SNAP. When that's added to a family's income, it pushes some into an income bracket too high to receive food aid.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep. Susan Davis, a California Democrat, has introduced legislation in Congress that would change that. The bill, titled the \u003ca href=\"https://susandavis.house.gov/media-center/press-releases/congresswoman-susan-davis-introduces-the-military-hunger-prevention-act\">Military Prevention Hunger Act\u003c/a>, has been referred to the military personnel and nutrition subcommittees in the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Abby Leibman, of the advocacy group MAZON, says she supports the measure, which her group estimates could double the number of military families who get SNAP. But she says there's a larger issue that society as a whole must grapple with.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This part of our community is not being served and that's our responsibility, because they are sacrificing so much for us,\" says Leibman. \"It becomes our obligation.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by the \u003ca href=\"http://americanhomefront.wunc.org/\">American Homefront Project \u003c/a>-- a collaboration of North Carolina Public Radio-WUNC, KPCC-Los Angeles, and WUSF-Tampa, with funding from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and the Bob Woodruff Foundation. \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/about/people/staff/dorian-merina\">Dorian Merina\u003c/a> is a reporter with KPCC.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 Southern California Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpcc.org/\">Southern California Public Radio\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+Active-Duty+Service+Members+Struggle+To+Feed+Their+Families&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's the stuff of nightmares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A woman in Pescadero said she was sleeping with her child and her dog when she awoke around 3 a.m. on Monday to the sound of the 15-pound Portuguese Podengo barking aggressively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she looked up, she saw \"a shadow of an animal\" enter the room through the open French doors, take the dog from the foot of the bed and walk out, according to \u003ca href=\"http://smcsheriff.com/sites/default/files/articles/17-3887%20Mountain%20Lion.pdf\">the San Mateo County Sheriff's Office\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman took a flashlight outside to look for the dog but found only large wet paw prints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After calling 911, deputies came to search the area and said the paw prints resembled those of a mountain lion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are very shaken up about what happened,\" Detective Salvador Zuno was quoted as saying by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-mountain-lion-takes-dog-pescadero-20170417-story.html\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newspaper reports it's still too early to confirm whether the animal was indeed a mountain lion. Wildlife sightings are not uncommon in the area around Pescadero and the Santa Cruz Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"PsCm8vb5Wq0l4u6f09YbPBRziDfbKF5D\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain lions have the greatest range of any living mammal in the Americas, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nwf.org/Wildlife/Wildlife-Library/Mammals/Mountain-Lion.aspx\">National Wildlife Federation\u003c/a>. From mountains to forests, from deserts to wetlands, mountain lions can call it home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Keep-Me-Wild/Lion\">The California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a> says more than half of the state is mountain lion habitat. The animals are generally found where deer — a favorite food — are found. And while it is in their nature to avoid humans, mountain lions will go after pets, livestock and, in rare cases, people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department suggests deer-proofing the landscape around homes and trimming bush to reduce hiding places for mountain lions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Mateo County Sheriff's Office also reminds residents to lock and secure windows and doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's the stuff of nightmares.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A woman in Pescadero said she was sleeping with her child and her dog when she awoke around 3 a.m. on Monday to the sound of the 15-pound Portuguese Podengo barking aggressively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When she looked up, she saw \"a shadow of an animal\" enter the room through the open French doors, take the dog from the foot of the bed and walk out, according to \u003ca href=\"http://smcsheriff.com/sites/default/files/articles/17-3887%20Mountain%20Lion.pdf\">the San Mateo County Sheriff's Office\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The woman took a flashlight outside to look for the dog but found only large wet paw prints.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After calling 911, deputies came to search the area and said the paw prints resembled those of a mountain lion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They are very shaken up about what happened,\" Detective Salvador Zuno was quoted as saying by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-mountain-lion-takes-dog-pescadero-20170417-story.html\">Los Angeles Times\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newspaper reports it's still too early to confirm whether the animal was indeed a mountain lion. Wildlife sightings are not uncommon in the area around Pescadero and the Santa Cruz Mountains.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Mountain lions have the greatest range of any living mammal in the Americas, according to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.nwf.org/Wildlife/Wildlife-Library/Mammals/Mountain-Lion.aspx\">National Wildlife Federation\u003c/a>. From mountains to forests, from deserts to wetlands, mountain lions can call it home.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.wildlife.ca.gov/Keep-Me-Wild/Lion\">The California Department of Fish and Wildlife\u003c/a> says more than half of the state is mountain lion habitat. The animals are generally found where deer — a favorite food — are found. And while it is in their nature to avoid humans, mountain lions will go after pets, livestock and, in rare cases, people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The department suggests deer-proofing the landscape around homes and trimming bush to reduce hiding places for mountain lions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The San Mateo County Sheriff's Office also reminds residents to lock and secure windows and doors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "From Moonscape to Lush: Photographs Capture California Drought's Story",
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"content": "\u003cp>In California, an extremely wet winter put an end to the state's record-breaking drought. Heavy rainfall also produced welcome spring scenes — like replenished reservoirs and fields in bloom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a completely different look,\" says Justin Sullivan, a Getty Images photographer who took before-and-after photos of drought-stricken areas. \"It's just like a velvety green, lush landscape now — compared to just dry, brown, almost like a moonscape before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan's photos show how one of the wettest winters on record is bringing the land back to life. In early 2014, Sullivan documented the drought at its worst. He shot photos from a helicopter above reservoirs like Lake Oroville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a little surprising to see the recessed water in reservoirs that reveals banks that are 50, 60, 100 feet tall,\" he says on NPR's \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>. \"They look like little mini-mountains and then a little river running through them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11415029\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/justin-sulivan-composite-02_custom-420c71c9f3efcd396c6337e12577eb946f2875a9-e1492541174471.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11415029 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/justin-sulivan-composite-02_custom-420c71c9f3efcd396c6337e12577eb946f2875a9-e1492541174471.jpg\" alt=\"The Enterprise Bridge in Oroville, during severe drought in 2014 (left) and this April, during the week that the majority of the state's drought emergency is due to be lifted.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"641\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Enterprise Bridge in Oroville, during severe drought in 2014 (left) and this April, during the week that the majority of the state's drought emergency is due to be lifted. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fast forward to this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, California Gov. Jerry Brown declared an end to the state's drought emergency. Now, many of those desolate landscapes Sullivan captured look completely different. So he went back and tried to re-create the same shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11415030\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/justin-sullivan-composite-01_custom-6563d6bc6deaf1ac10eb3e978ef24d51ea6e63ca-e1492541378673.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11415030 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/justin-sullivan-composite-01_custom-6563d6bc6deaf1ac10eb3e978ef24d51ea6e63ca-e1492541378673.jpg\" alt=\"A dog walker on a dried section of Bernal Heights Park in 2014 in San Francisco (left). When Sullivan returned to the hillside this year, he was able to snap a photo of a woman walking her dog in almost the exact same spot.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"637\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dog walker on a dried section of Bernal Heights Park in 2014 in San Francisco (left). When Sullivan returned to the hillside this year, he was able to snap a photo of a woman walking her dog in almost the exact same spot. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We just wanted to show the contrast,\" he says, adding that it was a tricky assignment. \"Obviously, landscapes change over the course of three years. Trees grow bigger. So it was difficult to just remember in your mind exactly what lens you used and how you approached it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan downloaded the 2014 images onto his iPad and brought it with him when he shot the \"after\" photos. In trying to re-create the exact same frame, Sullivan had some luck on his side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/523969466/524301409\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one side-by-side set of photos, the 2014 version shows a man walking his dog. The man is surrounded by dead grass, with the San Francisco skyline in the background. When Sullivan returned to the (now green, grassy) hillside this year, he was able to snap a photo of a woman walking another dog in almost the exact same spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes they just work out perfectly,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=From+Moonscape+To+Lush%3A+Photographs+Capture+California+Drought%27s+Story&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>In California, an extremely wet winter put an end to the state's record-breaking drought. Heavy rainfall also produced welcome spring scenes — like replenished reservoirs and fields in bloom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a completely different look,\" says Justin Sullivan, a Getty Images photographer who took before-and-after photos of drought-stricken areas. \"It's just like a velvety green, lush landscape now — compared to just dry, brown, almost like a moonscape before.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan's photos show how one of the wettest winters on record is bringing the land back to life. In early 2014, Sullivan documented the drought at its worst. He shot photos from a helicopter above reservoirs like Lake Oroville.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's a little surprising to see the recessed water in reservoirs that reveals banks that are 50, 60, 100 feet tall,\" he says on NPR's \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em>. \"They look like little mini-mountains and then a little river running through them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11415029\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/justin-sulivan-composite-02_custom-420c71c9f3efcd396c6337e12577eb946f2875a9-e1492541174471.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11415029 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/justin-sulivan-composite-02_custom-420c71c9f3efcd396c6337e12577eb946f2875a9-e1492541174471.jpg\" alt=\"The Enterprise Bridge in Oroville, during severe drought in 2014 (left) and this April, during the week that the majority of the state's drought emergency is due to be lifted.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"641\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Enterprise Bridge in Oroville, during severe drought in 2014 (left) and this April, during the week that the majority of the state's drought emergency is due to be lifted. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Fast forward to this spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, California Gov. Jerry Brown declared an end to the state's drought emergency. Now, many of those desolate landscapes Sullivan captured look completely different. So he went back and tried to re-create the same shots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11415030\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 1920px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/justin-sullivan-composite-01_custom-6563d6bc6deaf1ac10eb3e978ef24d51ea6e63ca-e1492541378673.jpg\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-11415030 size-full\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/justin-sullivan-composite-01_custom-6563d6bc6deaf1ac10eb3e978ef24d51ea6e63ca-e1492541378673.jpg\" alt=\"A dog walker on a dried section of Bernal Heights Park in 2014 in San Francisco (left). When Sullivan returned to the hillside this year, he was able to snap a photo of a woman walking her dog in almost the exact same spot.\" width=\"1920\" height=\"637\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A dog walker on a dried section of Bernal Heights Park in 2014 in San Francisco (left). When Sullivan returned to the hillside this year, he was able to snap a photo of a woman walking her dog in almost the exact same spot. \u003ccite>(Justin Sullivan/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"We just wanted to show the contrast,\" he says, adding that it was a tricky assignment. \"Obviously, landscapes change over the course of three years. Trees grow bigger. So it was difficult to just remember in your mind exactly what lens you used and how you approached it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan downloaded the 2014 images onto his iPad and brought it with him when he shot the \"after\" photos. In trying to re-create the exact same frame, Sullivan had some luck on his side.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"https://www.npr.org/player/embed/523969466/524301409\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one side-by-side set of photos, the 2014 version shows a man walking his dog. The man is surrounded by dead grass, with the San Francisco skyline in the background. When Sullivan returned to the (now green, grassy) hillside this year, he was able to snap a photo of a woman walking another dog in almost the exact same spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Sometimes they just work out perfectly,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=From+Moonscape+To+Lush%3A+Photographs+Capture+California+Drought%27s+Story&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "We Asked People What They Know About Taxes. See If You Know The Answers",
"title": "We Asked People What They Know About Taxes. See If You Know The Answers",
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"content": "\u003cp>Back in 2012, Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney's campaign suffered a blow when a tape was leaked of him grousing that 47 percent of Americans don't pay federal income tax. It was one of the biggest gaffes of the presidential campaign, but \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=3671669-NPR-Ipsos-Tax-Poll\">a new poll conducted by Ipsos for NPR\u003c/a> suggests that many Americans forgot it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way Romney characterized those who don't pay federal income taxes is what got him in trouble, but the figure was roughly true. The new poll, however, shows that a majority think that the share of Americans paying no federal income tax is far lower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll gave respondents four options — 39 percent said that only 11 percent of Americans pay zero or negative income tax, and 31 percent said that only 27 percent pay zero or negative income tax. Only 21 percent got it right — right now, around 45 percent pay no federal income tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll, released the day before Americans' taxes are due, delved into what Americans know and what they believe is wrong with the U.S. tax code — and what they know is limited and at times contradictory. But this isn't just about pointing out what Americans know and don't know. Rather, there could be important policy implications for Americans' misperceptions about the tax system. For example, this question dovetails with questions about what people think the lowest-income Americans' tax rate \u003cem>should\u003c/em> be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Americans underestimate the share of Americans who don't pay federal income taxes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given four choices of how many Americans pay zero or negative federal income taxes (11, 27, 45, or 63 percent), fully 70 percent of poll respondents chose the options \u003cem>under \u003c/em>the correct answer, which was 45 percent. Some of these people simply have no taxable income, and others get money back as a result of refundable tax credits like the Earned Income Tax Credit. (Of course, these people might pay other taxes, like payroll taxes, as well as whatever sales and property taxes their states impose.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout noborder\">[TaxCode3]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Two-thirds of Americans believe lower-income people pay too much income tax (with heavy partisan differences — around 8-in-10 Democrats, 6-in-10 independents, and half of Republicans agreed with that statement). In addition, 60 percent of Americans believe taxes should be lowered for people making $49,000 or less (again, with Democrats and independents being somewhat more likely than Republicans to say those taxes should be lowered).\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout noborder\">[TaxCode4]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Taking these two ideas together — that people (mistakenly) think very few of their fellow Americans pay zero federal income tax, and that a majority of Americans think low-income people pay too much in income tax — there are a couple of possible conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is that if more Americans knew how many others do not end up paying federal income taxes, they would say tax rates should stay the same or even be raised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then again, it's possible that Americans nevertheless would think their poorest fellow citizens do need more money, regardless of how the current tax code looks. That might mean they would advocate expanding the EITC or other tax breaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When it comes to taxes paid by the rich, things get complicated.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We posed the following statement to people as a true or false question: \"For the highest earners, the percent of federal income taxes they pay now is significantly higher than it was in 1980.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout noborder\">[TaxCode1]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>In retrospect, there are multiple ways to interpret this question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If \"percent\" is taken as \"rate\" here, the answer is \"false.\" In 1980, the top marginal income tax rate was \u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/statistics/historical-highest-marginal-income-tax-rates\">70 percent\u003c/a>. Today, it's 39.6 percent (something about half of Americans know, per our poll).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if \"percent\" is taken as \"share\" here, the answer is \"true.\" That is, the share of federal income tax revenue that the richest Americans pay \u003ca href=\"https://files.taxfoundation.org/legacy/docs/TF_FF491_Summary%20of%20the%20Latest%20Federal%20Income%20Tax%20Data%2C_2015%20Update.pdf\">has gone up since 1980\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How does that work? As the Tax Policy Center's Roberton Williams explained to NPR, the share of income going to the rich has climbed in a big way over the last few decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how Americans think about this could affect what they think should happen to the top tax rates on the richest. In 1980, the top 10 percent brought in 32 percent of all adjusted gross income, according to the Tax Foundation. \u003ca href=\"https://files.taxfoundation.org/legacy/docs/TF_FF491_Summary%20of%20the%20Latest%20Federal%20Income%20Tax%20Data%2C_2015%20Update.pdf\">In 2013\u003c/a>, it was 46 percent. For example, many Americans also believe taxes should be raised on the richest. The top tax bracket starts at \u003ca href=\"https://taxfoundation.org/2017-tax-brackets/\">$418,400\u003c/a> right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll shows that 70 percent of Americans believe taxes should be raised on people making $250,000 to just under $1 million, and that 75 percent believe they should be raised on people making $1 million or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's already a sizable majority, but depending on whether people knew tax rates on the richest had indeed fallen (or, alternately, that the rich now pay a higher share in taxes), it could change what they think should happen to those marginal rates. (Of course, it's also possible that historical rates wouldn't affect their views at all.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those views differ widely by party; Democrats are much more likely to believe that taxes should be raised on the rich than Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans also appear to have strong views on how people earn their money. We asked people to what degree they agreed with this statement: \"The tax rate on income from work should be lower than the tax rate on income from wealth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout noborder\">[TaxCode2]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Across the board, regardless of party, Americans agreed — 75 percent said they did, including 77 percent of Democrats, 71 percent of Republicans and 84 percent of independents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is another result that might make the richest Americans squirm. The rich tend to earn their income in a different way from most other Americans. Besides paychecks, many make money from \u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/how-are-capital-gains-taxed\">capital gains\u003c/a> — income they get from selling investments like stocks. Most of those capital gains are taxed at a rate far below that top income tax rate. (People at any income level of course can have those kinds of investments, but capital gains are \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2014/11/25/7280309/the-rich-are-getting-richer-but-it-has-nothing-to-do-with-their\">overwhelmingly concentrated\u003c/a> at the top of the income spectrum.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top rate that the highest-income Americans will pay on most capital gains is 20 percent, around half the top marginal rate for ordinary income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Americans overestimate how important income taxes are to government revenue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of the poll's respondents (with very little variance by party) said they believe 75 percent of the federal government's revenue comes from personal income taxes. In reality, it's \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbpp.org/research/policy-basics-where-do-federal-tax-revenues-come-from\">just under half\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout noborder\">[TaxCode5]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Of all the taxes Americans pay, income tax probably requires the most thought. After all, payroll tax comes automatically out of each paycheck. Sales tax is imposed at the cash register. And so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So maybe it makes sense that Americans think all that work they put into filling out their forms ends up doing the lion's share of funding the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What else we learned\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Beyond all this, there were a few more fascinating findings in the poll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Phrasing matters.\u003c/strong> One thing we learned is that using the phrase \"death tax\" instead of \"estate tax\" seems to make people more opposed to that tax — but, interestingly, that effect appears to be by far largest among Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixty-five percent of all people said the \"estate tax\" should be abolished, compared to 76 percent who said the \"death tax\" should be. However, among Democrats that swing was far larger: only half said they wanted to abolish the \"estate tax,\" but 71 percent said the same of the \"death tax.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout noborder\">[TaxCode6]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The estate tax affects \u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/how-many-people-pay-estate-tax\">fewer than 1 in 500\u003c/a> estates. Many opponents of the estate tax — \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/finance/238862-both-parties-fired-up-over-vote-on-estate-tax-repeal\">who have tended to be\u003c/a> Republicans — use \"death tax\" as a euphemism. This shows that to the extent that phrasing helps them, it could be helping them pick people up across the aisle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On tax policy, views aren't always all that partisan. \u003c/strong>Democrats are often seen as the party that wants a more progressive system — Hillary Clinton, for example, ran for president in 2016 with a tax plan that would have \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2016/03/04/hillary_clinton_s_tax_plan_is_really_progressive.html\">ramped up taxes\u003c/a> for the ultra-rich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in our poll, nearly half of Democrats — 45 percent — agreed with the proposition that \"federal income taxes should be cut for all income levels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, Republicans — the party that has spoken of \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/07/16/takers-just-as-likely-to-vote-republican-as-makers-data-show/?utm_term=.68836cf97a6f\">\"makers\" and \"takers\"\u003c/a> — were split roughly evenly on the idea that tax cuts for the wealthy lead to economic growth. (Democrats and independents tended to disagree — that is, to say that tax cuts for the wealthy do \u003cem>not \u003c/em>lead to that growth.) Incidentally, it's not at all clear that this is true; \u003ca href=\"http://www.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/docs/ydepot/semin/texte1112/STA2012OPT.pdf\">one recent comparison\u003c/a> of tax rates and growth rates across advanced economies found no strong linkage between the two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are only two examples, but they suggest that partisan messaging in Washington on some specific issues doesn't necessarily filter down to Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Americans agree: Taxes are too complicated (but that's no reason to cheat). \u003c/strong>There are a few more areas where Americans tend to agree across party lines: nearly 9 in 10 believe the tax code is too complicated, three-quarters say it's not OK for people to underreport income on their taxes, and 77 percent say their own personal federal income taxes are too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, 72 percent knew that taxes are due on April 18. For those remaining 28 percent, it might be time to file that extension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The poll was conducted online on April 11-12, with a sample of 1,010 adults age 18 or older. For all respondents, the poll has a credibility interval of plus or minus 3.5 percentage points. The credibility interval is plus or minus 5.7 percentage points for Democrats, plus or minus 6.1 percentage points for Republicans, and plus or minus 8.3 percentage points for independents.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Copyright 2017 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Back in 2012, Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney's campaign suffered a blow when a tape was leaked of him grousing that 47 percent of Americans don't pay federal income tax. It was one of the biggest gaffes of the presidential campaign, but \u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/documents/document.html?id=3671669-NPR-Ipsos-Tax-Poll\">a new poll conducted by Ipsos for NPR\u003c/a> suggests that many Americans forgot it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The way Romney characterized those who don't pay federal income taxes is what got him in trouble, but the figure was roughly true. The new poll, however, shows that a majority think that the share of Americans paying no federal income tax is far lower.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll gave respondents four options — 39 percent said that only 11 percent of Americans pay zero or negative income tax, and 31 percent said that only 27 percent pay zero or negative income tax. Only 21 percent got it right — right now, around 45 percent pay no federal income tax.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll, released the day before Americans' taxes are due, delved into what Americans know and what they believe is wrong with the U.S. tax code — and what they know is limited and at times contradictory. But this isn't just about pointing out what Americans know and don't know. Rather, there could be important policy implications for Americans' misperceptions about the tax system. For example, this question dovetails with questions about what people think the lowest-income Americans' tax rate \u003cem>should\u003c/em> be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Americans underestimate the share of Americans who don't pay federal income taxes\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Given four choices of how many Americans pay zero or negative federal income taxes (11, 27, 45, or 63 percent), fully 70 percent of poll respondents chose the options \u003cem>under \u003c/em>the correct answer, which was 45 percent. Some of these people simply have no taxable income, and others get money back as a result of refundable tax credits like the Earned Income Tax Credit. (Of course, these people might pay other taxes, like payroll taxes, as well as whatever sales and property taxes their states impose.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout noborder\">[TaxCode3]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Two-thirds of Americans believe lower-income people pay too much income tax (with heavy partisan differences — around 8-in-10 Democrats, 6-in-10 independents, and half of Republicans agreed with that statement). In addition, 60 percent of Americans believe taxes should be lowered for people making $49,000 or less (again, with Democrats and independents being somewhat more likely than Republicans to say those taxes should be lowered).\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout noborder\">[TaxCode4]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Taking these two ideas together — that people (mistakenly) think very few of their fellow Americans pay zero federal income tax, and that a majority of Americans think low-income people pay too much in income tax — there are a couple of possible conclusions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is that if more Americans knew how many others do not end up paying federal income taxes, they would say tax rates should stay the same or even be raised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then again, it's possible that Americans nevertheless would think their poorest fellow citizens do need more money, regardless of how the current tax code looks. That might mean they would advocate expanding the EITC or other tax breaks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When it comes to taxes paid by the rich, things get complicated.\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We posed the following statement to people as a true or false question: \"For the highest earners, the percent of federal income taxes they pay now is significantly higher than it was in 1980.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout noborder\">[TaxCode1]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>In retrospect, there are multiple ways to interpret this question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If \"percent\" is taken as \"rate\" here, the answer is \"false.\" In 1980, the top marginal income tax rate was \u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/statistics/historical-highest-marginal-income-tax-rates\">70 percent\u003c/a>. Today, it's 39.6 percent (something about half of Americans know, per our poll).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if \"percent\" is taken as \"share\" here, the answer is \"true.\" That is, the share of federal income tax revenue that the richest Americans pay \u003ca href=\"https://files.taxfoundation.org/legacy/docs/TF_FF491_Summary%20of%20the%20Latest%20Federal%20Income%20Tax%20Data%2C_2015%20Update.pdf\">has gone up since 1980\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How does that work? As the Tax Policy Center's Roberton Williams explained to NPR, the share of income going to the rich has climbed in a big way over the last few decades.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how Americans think about this could affect what they think should happen to the top tax rates on the richest. In 1980, the top 10 percent brought in 32 percent of all adjusted gross income, according to the Tax Foundation. \u003ca href=\"https://files.taxfoundation.org/legacy/docs/TF_FF491_Summary%20of%20the%20Latest%20Federal%20Income%20Tax%20Data%2C_2015%20Update.pdf\">In 2013\u003c/a>, it was 46 percent. For example, many Americans also believe taxes should be raised on the richest. The top tax bracket starts at \u003ca href=\"https://taxfoundation.org/2017-tax-brackets/\">$418,400\u003c/a> right now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The poll shows that 70 percent of Americans believe taxes should be raised on people making $250,000 to just under $1 million, and that 75 percent believe they should be raised on people making $1 million or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's already a sizable majority, but depending on whether people knew tax rates on the richest had indeed fallen (or, alternately, that the rich now pay a higher share in taxes), it could change what they think should happen to those marginal rates. (Of course, it's also possible that historical rates wouldn't affect their views at all.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those views differ widely by party; Democrats are much more likely to believe that taxes should be raised on the rich than Republicans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Americans also appear to have strong views on how people earn their money. We asked people to what degree they agreed with this statement: \"The tax rate on income from work should be lower than the tax rate on income from wealth.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout noborder\">[TaxCode2]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Across the board, regardless of party, Americans agreed — 75 percent said they did, including 77 percent of Democrats, 71 percent of Republicans and 84 percent of independents.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This is another result that might make the richest Americans squirm. The rich tend to earn their income in a different way from most other Americans. Besides paychecks, many make money from \u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/how-are-capital-gains-taxed\">capital gains\u003c/a> — income they get from selling investments like stocks. Most of those capital gains are taxed at a rate far below that top income tax rate. (People at any income level of course can have those kinds of investments, but capital gains are \u003ca href=\"http://www.vox.com/2014/11/25/7280309/the-rich-are-getting-richer-but-it-has-nothing-to-do-with-their\">overwhelmingly concentrated\u003c/a> at the top of the income spectrum.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The top rate that the highest-income Americans will pay on most capital gains is 20 percent, around half the top marginal rate for ordinary income.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Americans overestimate how important income taxes are to government revenue\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About half of the poll's respondents (with very little variance by party) said they believe 75 percent of the federal government's revenue comes from personal income taxes. In reality, it's \u003ca href=\"http://www.cbpp.org/research/policy-basics-where-do-federal-tax-revenues-come-from\">just under half\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout noborder\">[TaxCode5]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Of all the taxes Americans pay, income tax probably requires the most thought. After all, payroll tax comes automatically out of each paycheck. Sales tax is imposed at the cash register. And so on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So maybe it makes sense that Americans think all that work they put into filling out their forms ends up doing the lion's share of funding the government.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>\u003cstrong>What else we learned\u003c/strong>\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Beyond all this, there were a few more fascinating findings in the poll.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Phrasing matters.\u003c/strong> One thing we learned is that using the phrase \"death tax\" instead of \"estate tax\" seems to make people more opposed to that tax — but, interestingly, that effect appears to be by far largest among Democrats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sixty-five percent of all people said the \"estate tax\" should be abolished, compared to 76 percent who said the \"death tax\" should be. However, among Democrats that swing was far larger: only half said they wanted to abolish the \"estate tax,\" but 71 percent said the same of the \"death tax.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"callout noborder\">[TaxCode6]\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>The estate tax affects \u003ca href=\"http://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/how-many-people-pay-estate-tax\">fewer than 1 in 500\u003c/a> estates. Many opponents of the estate tax — \u003ca href=\"http://thehill.com/policy/finance/238862-both-parties-fired-up-over-vote-on-estate-tax-repeal\">who have tended to be\u003c/a> Republicans — use \"death tax\" as a euphemism. This shows that to the extent that phrasing helps them, it could be helping them pick people up across the aisle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>On tax policy, views aren't always all that partisan. \u003c/strong>Democrats are often seen as the party that wants a more progressive system — Hillary Clinton, for example, ran for president in 2016 with a tax plan that would have \u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2016/03/04/hillary_clinton_s_tax_plan_is_really_progressive.html\">ramped up taxes\u003c/a> for the ultra-rich.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But in our poll, nearly half of Democrats — 45 percent — agreed with the proposition that \"federal income taxes should be cut for all income levels.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Likewise, Republicans — the party that has spoken of \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2014/07/16/takers-just-as-likely-to-vote-republican-as-makers-data-show/?utm_term=.68836cf97a6f\">\"makers\" and \"takers\"\u003c/a> — were split roughly evenly on the idea that tax cuts for the wealthy lead to economic growth. (Democrats and independents tended to disagree — that is, to say that tax cuts for the wealthy do \u003cem>not \u003c/em>lead to that growth.) Incidentally, it's not at all clear that this is true; \u003ca href=\"http://www.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/docs/ydepot/semin/texte1112/STA2012OPT.pdf\">one recent comparison\u003c/a> of tax rates and growth rates across advanced economies found no strong linkage between the two.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These are only two examples, but they suggest that partisan messaging in Washington on some specific issues doesn't necessarily filter down to Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Americans agree: Taxes are too complicated (but that's no reason to cheat). \u003c/strong>There are a few more areas where Americans tend to agree across party lines: nearly 9 in 10 believe the tax code is too complicated, three-quarters say it's not OK for people to underreport income on their taxes, and 77 percent say their own personal federal income taxes are too high.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition, 72 percent knew that taxes are due on April 18. For those remaining 28 percent, it might be time to file that extension.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>The poll was conducted online on April 11-12, with a sample of 1,010 adults age 18 or older. For all respondents, the poll has a credibility interval of plus or minus 3.5 percentage points. The credibility interval is plus or minus 5.7 percentage points for Democrats, plus or minus 6.1 percentage points for Republicans, and plus or minus 8.3 percentage points for independents.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Researchers Find a New Way to Make Water From Thin Air",
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"content": "\u003cp>Researchers have come up with a new way to extract water from thin air. Literally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the first technology that can turn water vapor in the atmosphere into liquid water that people can drink, but researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and UC Berkeley say their approach uses less power and works in drier environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach makes use of a substance called a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/341/6149/1230444\">MOF\u003c/a>, a metal-organic framework. As the name suggests, these are materials made of metals mixed with organic compounds. Powders made from MOFs are very porous, so researchers have proposed using them to store hydrogen or methane fuels or to capture carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MIT's \u003ca href=\"http://meche.mit.edu/people/faculty/enwang@mit.edu\">Evelyn Wang\u003c/a> and her Berkeley colleague \u003ca href=\"http://yaghi.berkeley.edu/\">Omar Yaghi\u003c/a> decided to try using MOFs to capture water. MOF powders can not only suck up liquid water, they can also absorb water vapor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's plenty of water vapor in the atmosphere. Even in the driest place on the planet there are tons of water molecules floating overhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers built a small prototype water collector that contains a thin layer of MOF powder. The powder absorbs water vapor until it is saturated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once you achieve that maximum amount,\" Wang says, \"you apply some type of heat to the system to release that water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when the water is released, it collects in the bottom of the prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other compounds that can suck water from the air, \u003ca href=\"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/zeolites/\">zeolites\u003c/a> for example, but Wang says it takes a significant amount of energy to get these materials to release the water. Not so with a MOF device. \"The amount of energy required is very low,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the prototype, the heat needed to drive the water out of the MOF comes from ambient sunlight — no external power supply is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11408634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11408634\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Even in Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest place on Earth, there are water molecules floating overhead.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Even in Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest place on Earth, there are water molecules floating overhead. \u003ccite>(MARTIN BERNETTI/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As they report \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/04/12/science.aam8743\">in the journal Science\u003c/a>\u003cem>,\u003c/em> Wang and her colleagues tested the prototype of their MOF-based device on the roof of a building at MIT, and it worked great.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's just a prototype. It used only a fraction of an ounce of the MOF powder. \"So the amount of water that we've shown is also pretty small,\" says Wang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Wang's calculations, a full-size system using about 2 pounds of MOF powder could deliver close to three quarts of water per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she expects scaling up the prototype won't be all that expensive. Although MOFs are a relatively new material, \"there are companies that already make various MOFS at very large bulk scales,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many steps before a mass-produced MOF-based water collector becomes a reality. It hasn't been shown, for example, that the water released by the MOF powder is free of contaminants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's conceivable that someday if you're visiting Death Valley, one of the driest places in the United States, you'll be able to wet your whistle with a device based on Wang and Yaghi's concept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Researchers+Find+A+New+Way+To+Make+Water+From+Thin+Air&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Researchers have come up with a new way to extract water from thin air. Literally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This isn't the first technology that can turn water vapor in the atmosphere into liquid water that people can drink, but researchers from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and UC Berkeley say their approach uses less power and works in drier environments.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new approach makes use of a substance called a \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/341/6149/1230444\">MOF\u003c/a>, a metal-organic framework. As the name suggests, these are materials made of metals mixed with organic compounds. Powders made from MOFs are very porous, so researchers have proposed using them to store hydrogen or methane fuels or to capture carbon dioxide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>MIT's \u003ca href=\"http://meche.mit.edu/people/faculty/enwang@mit.edu\">Evelyn Wang\u003c/a> and her Berkeley colleague \u003ca href=\"http://yaghi.berkeley.edu/\">Omar Yaghi\u003c/a> decided to try using MOFs to capture water. MOF powders can not only suck up liquid water, they can also absorb water vapor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And there's plenty of water vapor in the atmosphere. Even in the driest place on the planet there are tons of water molecules floating overhead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The researchers built a small prototype water collector that contains a thin layer of MOF powder. The powder absorbs water vapor until it is saturated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Once you achieve that maximum amount,\" Wang says, \"you apply some type of heat to the system to release that water.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And when the water is released, it collects in the bottom of the prototype.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are other compounds that can suck water from the air, \u003ca href=\"https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/zeolites/\">zeolites\u003c/a> for example, but Wang says it takes a significant amount of energy to get these materials to release the water. Not so with a MOF device. \"The amount of energy required is very low,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the prototype, the heat needed to drive the water out of the MOF comes from ambient sunlight — no external power supply is needed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11408634\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-11408634\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Even in Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest place on Earth, there are water molecules floating overhead.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-160x107.jpg 160w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-960x639.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-240x160.jpg 240w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-375x250.jpg 375w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2017/04/Atacama-520x346.jpg 520w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Even in Chile's Atacama Desert, the driest place on Earth, there are water molecules floating overhead. \u003ccite>(MARTIN BERNETTI/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>As they report \u003ca href=\"http://science.sciencemag.org/content/early/2017/04/12/science.aam8743\">in the journal Science\u003c/a>\u003cem>,\u003c/em> Wang and her colleagues tested the prototype of their MOF-based device on the roof of a building at MIT, and it worked great.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's just a prototype. It used only a fraction of an ounce of the MOF powder. \"So the amount of water that we've shown is also pretty small,\" says Wang.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Wang's calculations, a full-size system using about 2 pounds of MOF powder could deliver close to three quarts of water per day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And she expects scaling up the prototype won't be all that expensive. Although MOFs are a relatively new material, \"there are companies that already make various MOFS at very large bulk scales,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are many steps before a mass-produced MOF-based water collector becomes a reality. It hasn't been shown, for example, that the water released by the MOF powder is free of contaminants.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it's conceivable that someday if you're visiting Death Valley, one of the driest places in the United States, you'll be able to wet your whistle with a device based on Wang and Yaghi's concept.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Researchers+Find+A+New+Way+To+Make+Water+From+Thin+Air&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"id": "baycurious",
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"tagline": "Exploring the Bay Area, one question at a time",
"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
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},
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},
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"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
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"order": 8
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"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
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"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
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"title": "Forum",
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"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"order": 9
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"meta": {
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"source": "WNYC"
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
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"source": "NPR"
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
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"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"jerrybrown": {
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"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"order": 18
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},
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"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
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"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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