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"content": "\u003cp>DOHA, Qatar — One thing you hear over and over here at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1134840606/fifa-world-cup-2022\">Qatar World Cup\u003c/a> is how football brings the world together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That motto is being put to perhaps its toughest test at Al Thumama stadium on Tuesday, where \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/31/690363402/how-the-cia-overthrew-irans-democracy-in-four-days\">historic foes\u003c/a> the United States and Iran play a crucial group stage match.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How crucial? Both national teams covet a spot in the knockout round, where the initial 32 World Cup teams is halved to 16. Iran has never made it that far. The U.S. has, but considers advancement to \u003cem>this\u003c/em> knockout stage a must, as a way to validate the last four years spent building a men's program after the disappointment of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/11/557128715/revenge-shock-and-rage-after-u-s-mens-team-whiffs-on-world-cup\">failing to qualify\u003c/a> for the last World Cup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. has to beat Iran to advance. Four years come down to one match.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We said this team is going to be judged on what we do at the World Cup,\" American coach Gregg Berhalter said in Doha on Monday, \"so that's fine. We'll deal with it. We're focused on winning tomorrow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As is Iran — who can still advance with a tie, though the team is expected to hold nothing back in pursuit of a win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their cocoons of team practices and meetings and meals, the focus is simple. But every time both teams have ventured outside, the match focus has been challenged by an escalating number of issues far from the tournament's pristine green football pitches.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It started with a silent anthem\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At first, the issues involved Iran alone, as the country's recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/24/1139147033/countries-worldwide-consider-how-to-help-protesters-in-iran\">turmoil\u003c/a> played out symbolically at this World Cup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started before Iran's first match, against England, as the Iranian players \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/21/1138259076/iran-world-cup-anthem-protest\">stayed silent\u003c/a> during their national anthem. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/28/football/iran-soccer-family-threats-intl-spt/index.html\">New reports\u003c/a> say that afterward, the team was called to a meeting with Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps and told players' families would be jailed or tortured if the players refused to sing going forward, or joined in any other political protest against the Iranian government. Against Wales, the players sang. But at that match, Iran's domestic troubles began to play out in a more contentious way, among Iranian fans. The players' on-field euphoria after beating Wales 2-nil shared the spotlight with \u003ca href=\"https://www.espn.com/soccer/ir-iran/story/4813286/iran-supporters-confront-protesters-before-wc-game-vs-wales\">ugly confrontations\u003c/a> between fans supporting the protest movement back home, and fans supporting the Iranian government that's been \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/14/world/middleeast/iran-protests-children.html\">cracking down\u003c/a> on protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the flashpoints during those confrontations was over flags. Some of the protest movement supporters waved, or tried to wave, pre-revolution flags of Iran. Government supporters, with help from Qatari security, confiscated those flags, reportedly ripping some away, and waved flags of the current national Islamic Republic of Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The controversy over flags became even more pointed when the U.S. entered the fray.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Be the Change ignites a firestorm\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the lead-up to this World Cup, the U.S. Soccer Federation talked frequently about a mission statement it created in the aftermath of the police killing of George Floyd — a statement, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ussoccer.com/be-the-change\">Be the Change\u003c/a>, that promoted an awareness and dedication to speak out on social injustices in the U.S. and around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past weekend, U.S. Soccer spoke out. And ignited a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/27/1139304827/usa-change-iran-flag-to-remove-islamic-republic-emblem-before-world-cup-clash\">political firestorm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea was to post on social media images of Iran's flag scrubbed of its Islamic emblem and language saying \"God is great.\" It was the U.S. federation's way to show \"support for the women in Iran fighting for basic human rights.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action drew support, but also anger and calls for the U.S. team, which had no prior knowledge of the federation's plan, to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2022/11/27/2812899/iran-to-file-complaint-to-fifa-ethics-committee-against-us-soccer-team\">kicked out\u003c/a> of the World Cup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The depictions of the doctored flags were removed from social media and the normal Iranian flag was restored. The federation said the removal wasn't because of pressure, but rather because \"we wanted to show our support for the women in Iran with our graphic for 24 hours.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They may have wanted the show of support to be short-lived, but with tensions already high, the controversy followed both teams to Monday's pre-match press conferences.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Trying to steer toward soccer\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters on Monday, Berhalter willingly answered questions about football and Tuesday's match, and dutifully answered questions about the flag flap — often from openly hostile members of the Iranian media contingent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he apologized on behalf of the players and team, Berhalter said several times that he and the team had no advance warning or involvement in the federation's plan to doctor the Iranian flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had no idea about what U.S. Soccer put out,\" Berhalter said, adding, \"of course our thoughts are with the Iranian people, the whole country, the whole team, everyone. But our focus is on this match.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, questions came, going beyond flags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the more contentious moments came when an Iranian journalist scolded U.S. team captain Tyler Adams for incorrectly saying \"eye-ran\" rather than \"ih-rahn.\" The 23-year old, who's Black, apologized for the mispronunciation and then thoughtfully answered a question about whether he was \"OK to be representing [the U.S.], which has so much discrimination against Black people?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's discrimination everywhere you go,\" said Adams, whose mother is white and who grew up in a white family. \"So I had a little bit of different cultures and I was very easily able to assimilate in different cultures. You know not everyone has that ease and the ability to do that. And obviously it takes longer to understand. And through education, I think it's super important. Like, you just educated me now in the pronunciation of your country. So, yeah, it's a process. I think as long as you see progress, that's the most important thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Forget the mental games\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even soccer questions had a political tint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Iranian team press conference, a British reporter asked coach Carlos Queiroz whether he'd use the flag controversy to motivate his players.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If after 42 years in this game as a coach,\" Queiroz said, \"I still believe that I could win games with those mental games, I think I did not learn nothing about the game.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than mental games, Adams expects Queiroz to repeat the aggressive, physical style of game Iran played in its last match — an impressive 2-0 win over Wales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You could tell from the mentality of the group. They were attacking, counterattacking, doing everything they needed to do,\" Adams said. \"Every single moment of the game looked like it could be their moment to score a goal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both teams, Adams said, are treating this like a knockout game, where only the winner moves on. In fact, Iran can tie and still advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as U.S. tactics, Berhalter praised his team's defense, especially in holding England scoreless \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/25/1139220807/usmnt-england-world-cup-tie-qatar\">in a 0-0 draw on Friday\u003c/a>. Berhalter has heard the criticism that his team needs to find a way to score — the U.S. only has one goal in the tournament — but he said the answer isn't in changing personnel among his offensive minded forwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think they've done a decent job for us,\" Berhalter said. \"It's up to the rest of the group to give them quality [passes] that they can finish off some of these opportunities. We've been defending really well and that keeps you in games. And then we know in \u003cem>this\u003c/em> game we're going to need to score a goal, that's going to have to happen. So we stay calm, we have a plan, and we will go out and try to execute that plan.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calm. Hard to imagine anything about Tuesday's super charged match being calm. The players will try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about those watching?\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What%27s+at+stake+as+the+U.S.+faces+Iran+at+the+World+Cup&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>DOHA, Qatar — One thing you hear over and over here at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1134840606/fifa-world-cup-2022\">Qatar World Cup\u003c/a> is how football brings the world together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That motto is being put to perhaps its toughest test at Al Thumama stadium on Tuesday, where \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/01/31/690363402/how-the-cia-overthrew-irans-democracy-in-four-days\">historic foes\u003c/a> the United States and Iran play a crucial group stage match.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>How crucial? Both national teams covet a spot in the knockout round, where the initial 32 World Cup teams is halved to 16. Iran has never made it that far. The U.S. has, but considers advancement to \u003cem>this\u003c/em> knockout stage a must, as a way to validate the last four years spent building a men's program after the disappointment of \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/10/11/557128715/revenge-shock-and-rage-after-u-s-mens-team-whiffs-on-world-cup\">failing to qualify\u003c/a> for the last World Cup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. has to beat Iran to advance. Four years come down to one match.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We said this team is going to be judged on what we do at the World Cup,\" American coach Gregg Berhalter said in Doha on Monday, \"so that's fine. We'll deal with it. We're focused on winning tomorrow.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As is Iran — who can still advance with a tie, though the team is expected to hold nothing back in pursuit of a win.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In their cocoons of team practices and meetings and meals, the focus is simple. But every time both teams have ventured outside, the match focus has been challenged by an escalating number of issues far from the tournament's pristine green football pitches.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>It started with a silent anthem\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>At first, the issues involved Iran alone, as the country's recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/24/1139147033/countries-worldwide-consider-how-to-help-protesters-in-iran\">turmoil\u003c/a> played out symbolically at this World Cup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It started before Iran's first match, against England, as the Iranian players \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/21/1138259076/iran-world-cup-anthem-protest\">stayed silent\u003c/a> during their national anthem. \u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/28/football/iran-soccer-family-threats-intl-spt/index.html\">New reports\u003c/a> say that afterward, the team was called to a meeting with Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps and told players' families would be jailed or tortured if the players refused to sing going forward, or joined in any other political protest against the Iranian government. Against Wales, the players sang. But at that match, Iran's domestic troubles began to play out in a more contentious way, among Iranian fans. The players' on-field euphoria after beating Wales 2-nil shared the spotlight with \u003ca href=\"https://www.espn.com/soccer/ir-iran/story/4813286/iran-supporters-confront-protesters-before-wc-game-vs-wales\">ugly confrontations\u003c/a> between fans supporting the protest movement back home, and fans supporting the Iranian government that's been \u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/14/world/middleeast/iran-protests-children.html\">cracking down\u003c/a> on protesters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the flashpoints during those confrontations was over flags. Some of the protest movement supporters waved, or tried to wave, pre-revolution flags of Iran. Government supporters, with help from Qatari security, confiscated those flags, reportedly ripping some away, and waved flags of the current national Islamic Republic of Iran.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The controversy over flags became even more pointed when the U.S. entered the fray.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Be the Change ignites a firestorm\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>In the lead-up to this World Cup, the U.S. Soccer Federation talked frequently about a mission statement it created in the aftermath of the police killing of George Floyd — a statement, \u003ca href=\"https://www.ussoccer.com/be-the-change\">Be the Change\u003c/a>, that promoted an awareness and dedication to speak out on social injustices in the U.S. and around the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This past weekend, U.S. Soccer spoke out. And ignited a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/27/1139304827/usa-change-iran-flag-to-remove-islamic-republic-emblem-before-world-cup-clash\">political firestorm\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea was to post on social media images of Iran's flag scrubbed of its Islamic emblem and language saying \"God is great.\" It was the U.S. federation's way to show \"support for the women in Iran fighting for basic human rights.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The action drew support, but also anger and calls for the U.S. team, which had no prior knowledge of the federation's plan, to be \u003ca href=\"https://www.tasnimnews.com/en/news/2022/11/27/2812899/iran-to-file-complaint-to-fifa-ethics-committee-against-us-soccer-team\">kicked out\u003c/a> of the World Cup.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The depictions of the doctored flags were removed from social media and the normal Iranian flag was restored. The federation said the removal wasn't because of pressure, but rather because \"we wanted to show our support for the women in Iran with our graphic for 24 hours.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They may have wanted the show of support to be short-lived, but with tensions already high, the controversy followed both teams to Monday's pre-match press conferences.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Trying to steer toward soccer\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Speaking to reporters on Monday, Berhalter willingly answered questions about football and Tuesday's match, and dutifully answered questions about the flag flap — often from openly hostile members of the Iranian media contingent.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though he apologized on behalf of the players and team, Berhalter said several times that he and the team had no advance warning or involvement in the federation's plan to doctor the Iranian flag.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had no idea about what U.S. Soccer put out,\" Berhalter said, adding, \"of course our thoughts are with the Iranian people, the whole country, the whole team, everyone. But our focus is on this match.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, questions came, going beyond flags.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the more contentious moments came when an Iranian journalist scolded U.S. team captain Tyler Adams for incorrectly saying \"eye-ran\" rather than \"ih-rahn.\" The 23-year old, who's Black, apologized for the mispronunciation and then thoughtfully answered a question about whether he was \"OK to be representing [the U.S.], which has so much discrimination against Black people?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's discrimination everywhere you go,\" said Adams, whose mother is white and who grew up in a white family. \"So I had a little bit of different cultures and I was very easily able to assimilate in different cultures. You know not everyone has that ease and the ability to do that. And obviously it takes longer to understand. And through education, I think it's super important. Like, you just educated me now in the pronunciation of your country. So, yeah, it's a process. I think as long as you see progress, that's the most important thing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Forget the mental games\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Even soccer questions had a political tint.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the Iranian team press conference, a British reporter asked coach Carlos Queiroz whether he'd use the flag controversy to motivate his players.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If after 42 years in this game as a coach,\" Queiroz said, \"I still believe that I could win games with those mental games, I think I did not learn nothing about the game.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rather than mental games, Adams expects Queiroz to repeat the aggressive, physical style of game Iran played in its last match — an impressive 2-0 win over Wales.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You could tell from the mentality of the group. They were attacking, counterattacking, doing everything they needed to do,\" Adams said. \"Every single moment of the game looked like it could be their moment to score a goal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both teams, Adams said, are treating this like a knockout game, where only the winner moves on. In fact, Iran can tie and still advance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As far as U.S. tactics, Berhalter praised his team's defense, especially in holding England scoreless \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/25/1139220807/usmnt-england-world-cup-tie-qatar\">in a 0-0 draw on Friday\u003c/a>. Berhalter has heard the criticism that his team needs to find a way to score — the U.S. only has one goal in the tournament — but he said the answer isn't in changing personnel among his offensive minded forwards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think they've done a decent job for us,\" Berhalter said. \"It's up to the rest of the group to give them quality [passes] that they can finish off some of these opportunities. We've been defending really well and that keeps you in games. And then we know in \u003cem>this\u003c/em> game we're going to need to score a goal, that's going to have to happen. So we stay calm, we have a plan, and we will go out and try to execute that plan.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Calm. Hard to imagine anything about Tuesday's super charged match being calm. The players will try.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about those watching?\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=What%27s+at+stake+as+the+U.S.+faces+Iran+at+the+World+Cup&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Elizabeth Holmes’ \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/18/1137606060/elizabeth-holmes-sentenced-11-years-prison\">11-year prison \u003c/a>sentence would not have been possible without the zeal the moneyed class has for Silicon Valley startups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When U.S. District Judge Edward Davila ordered prison time for the former CEO last week, one thing was pivotal: How much money\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>investors had lost because of her crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because federal sentencing guidelines, what judges use to determine appropriate punishments for people convicted of crimes, give more weight to the amount of money lost than anything else in fraud cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Theranos, like so many buzzy startups, was flush with investment cash. It raised some $945 million from the likes of media mogul Rupert Murdoch, Oracle founder Larry Ellison and former Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Holmes was sentenced for just a fraction of the nearly $1 billion of investment Theranos had raised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davila identified ten investors who were defrauded and came up with this number: $121 million, which the judge said was how much investors lost when offset by the amount Theranos stock would have been worth without Holmes’ deceit.[aside postID=science_1980842 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/35/2022/11/gettyimages-1442569803-607aa10932c5f5ac98fb17b7decccf1f9d953c9b-1020x765.jpg']To put it another way, Holmes received more than a decade in prison over just about 10% of what Theranos raised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The numbers in Silicon Valley are so out of whack with reality that these guideline sentences become enormous,” said Jeff Cohen, a former federal prosecutor who now teaches at Boston College Law School. “If she were running a widget factory by the same conduct, she would have received much less.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While other Silicon Valley executives have been accused of wrongdoing, Holmes is the first CEO of a major tech firm to be criminally prosecuted and sentenced to prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means she is the first in the industry to learn that raising hundreds of millions of dollars will not just send a startup’s valuation soaring, but if convicted of fraud in federal court, it could make serious prison time all but inevitable — potentially a warning to other imploded tech firms \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/15/1136641651/ftx-bankruptcy-sam-bankman-fried-ftt-crypto-cryptocurrency-binance\">now under scrutiny\u003c/a>, like Sam Bankman-Fried’s cryptocurrency exchange FTX.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal sentencing guidelines consider the amount of money drained the most significant factor in punishing fraudsters because it allows authorities to target organized drug rings and large-scale institutional fraud, according to former federal prosecutor Bill Portanova.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For Silicon Valley, if at the end of the day, the music stops and there’s not enough chairs for everyone, the guidelines point to serious punishment,” said Portanova, who is now a defense lawyer in Sacramento, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes’ punishment does come amid signs of a tech sector becoming less frothy. Both Big Tech companies and startups are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/14/1136659617/tech-layoffs-amazon-meta-twitter\">laying off\u003c/a> staff, new $1 billion companies are\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/10/26/end-of-tech-unicorn-start-ups/\"> becoming harder to spot\u003c/a> and venture capital firms are \u003ca href=\"https://news.crunchbase.com/business/sequoia-warning-founders/\">warning\u003c/a> of a tough road ahead. Has the tech bubble burst, or is it about to burst? That determination, experts say, is easier made in hindsight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tech bubbles don’t pop in the way a bubble pops from chewing gum,” said David Kirsch, management professor at the University of Maryland who wrote a book about bubbles and crashes. “Investment bubbles tend to deflate slowly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A long prison sentence for ‘a gross lie’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Holmes made patients, pharmacies and savvy investors believe Theranos could revolutionize the way blood tests detect diseases when it could do no such thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why did she do it? It’s a question even Davila mused over from the bench before announcing her punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was it that caused Ms. Holmes, regrettably, to make those decisions that she did?” Davila said. “Was there a loss of moral compass here?” he said. “Was it hubris? What caused that? Was it intoxication with the fame that comes with being a young entrepreneur?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever drove her, as soon a jury convicted Holmes, she faced serious prison time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sentencing guidelines, after a multitude of factors are considered, spits out an offense level. Holmes’ level was 33 — 24 points of that was from the amount of money she defrauded.[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"Steven Davidoff Solomon, UC Berkeley School of Law\"]‘In Silicon Valley, there has historically been a ‘don’t follow the rules’ mentality, because that’s how you get ahead. Holmes may be the first, but I suspect there are going to be more.’[/pullquote]And Davila, it could be argued, could have imposed an even tougher punishment. Based on her offense level, Holmes’ sentencing range was between 11 and 14 years behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(For context: The U.S. Probation Office recommended 9 years; Prosecutors asked the judge that Holmes be imprisoned for 15 years. The maximum sentence under law was 20 years. Holmes’ legal team requested that she serve her sentence at home and avoid incarceration.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Portanova said Holmes’ punishment involved gobs of money, but her actions — repeatedly professing her technology could do what it was incapable of doing — was egregious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She wasn’t just an ambitious salesperson who got out over her skis,” he said. “She did substantial time because it was a gross lie and she had ample opportunities to stop and she didn’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will ‘fake it till you make it’ in Silicon Valley ever change?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In their court filing to the judge ahead of the sentencing hearing, prosecutors argued that prison time for Holmes was necessary to “deter future startup fraud schemes” and to “rebuild the trust investors must have when funding innovation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But will Holmes’ incarceration have that effect?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some say the Theranos case could be the start of federal prosecutors policing Silicon Valley more aggressively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Silicon Valley, there has historically been a ‘don’t follow the rules’ mentality, because that’s how you get ahead,” said Steven Davidoff Solomon of the U.C. Berkeley School of Law. “Holmes may be the first, but I suspect there are going to be more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet hyping up a product and exaggerating are not crimes, but what is a crime is knowingly deceiving investors. Sometimes the dividing line is not so clear, experts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen at Boston College of Law said the boundary between embellishment and criminal fraud does indeed remain fuzzy to most in the tech world, so chances are slim that Holmes’ sentence will reverberate in a way that would drastically alter the culture of the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘Fake it till you make it’ culture in Silicon Valley involves a certain amount of puffery, and here the jury has spoken that there was more than that: there was fraud,” Cohen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I do think that it’s a really hard line to discern,” he added. “And I’m not hopeful that Silicon Valley will get the message.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirsch, who studies tech entrepreneurs, was similarly skeptical about a major shakeup in the venture capital-backed tech startup world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The venture community is vulnerable to a shiny new story. They have been. They always will be,” he said. “We’re kidding ourselves if we think the recipe is going to change because Elizabeth Holmes goes to prison.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Elizabeth Holmes’ \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/18/1137606060/elizabeth-holmes-sentenced-11-years-prison\">11-year prison \u003c/a>sentence would not have been possible without the zeal the moneyed class has for Silicon Valley startups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When U.S. District Judge Edward Davila ordered prison time for the former CEO last week, one thing was pivotal: How much money\u003cstrong> \u003c/strong>investors had lost because of her crimes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s because federal sentencing guidelines, what judges use to determine appropriate punishments for people convicted of crimes, give more weight to the amount of money lost than anything else in fraud cases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Theranos, like so many buzzy startups, was flush with investment cash. It raised some $945 million from the likes of media mogul Rupert Murdoch, Oracle founder Larry Ellison and former Secretary of Education Betsy DeVos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet Holmes was sentenced for just a fraction of the nearly $1 billion of investment Theranos had raised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Davila identified ten investors who were defrauded and came up with this number: $121 million, which the judge said was how much investors lost when offset by the amount Theranos stock would have been worth without Holmes’ deceit.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>To put it another way, Holmes received more than a decade in prison over just about 10% of what Theranos raised.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The numbers in Silicon Valley are so out of whack with reality that these guideline sentences become enormous,” said Jeff Cohen, a former federal prosecutor who now teaches at Boston College Law School. “If she were running a widget factory by the same conduct, she would have received much less.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While other Silicon Valley executives have been accused of wrongdoing, Holmes is the first CEO of a major tech firm to be criminally prosecuted and sentenced to prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That means she is the first in the industry to learn that raising hundreds of millions of dollars will not just send a startup’s valuation soaring, but if convicted of fraud in federal court, it could make serious prison time all but inevitable — potentially a warning to other imploded tech firms \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/15/1136641651/ftx-bankruptcy-sam-bankman-fried-ftt-crypto-cryptocurrency-binance\">now under scrutiny\u003c/a>, like Sam Bankman-Fried’s cryptocurrency exchange FTX.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Federal sentencing guidelines consider the amount of money drained the most significant factor in punishing fraudsters because it allows authorities to target organized drug rings and large-scale institutional fraud, according to former federal prosecutor Bill Portanova.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For Silicon Valley, if at the end of the day, the music stops and there’s not enough chairs for everyone, the guidelines point to serious punishment,” said Portanova, who is now a defense lawyer in Sacramento, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Holmes’ punishment does come amid signs of a tech sector becoming less frothy. Both Big Tech companies and startups are \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/14/1136659617/tech-layoffs-amazon-meta-twitter\">laying off\u003c/a> staff, new $1 billion companies are\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/10/26/end-of-tech-unicorn-start-ups/\"> becoming harder to spot\u003c/a> and venture capital firms are \u003ca href=\"https://news.crunchbase.com/business/sequoia-warning-founders/\">warning\u003c/a> of a tough road ahead. Has the tech bubble burst, or is it about to burst? That determination, experts say, is easier made in hindsight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Tech bubbles don’t pop in the way a bubble pops from chewing gum,” said David Kirsch, management professor at the University of Maryland who wrote a book about bubbles and crashes. “Investment bubbles tend to deflate slowly.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A long prison sentence for ‘a gross lie’\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Holmes made patients, pharmacies and savvy investors believe Theranos could revolutionize the way blood tests detect diseases when it could do no such thing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why did she do it? It’s a question even Davila mused over from the bench before announcing her punishment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What was it that caused Ms. Holmes, regrettably, to make those decisions that she did?” Davila said. “Was there a loss of moral compass here?” he said. “Was it hubris? What caused that? Was it intoxication with the fame that comes with being a young entrepreneur?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever drove her, as soon a jury convicted Holmes, she faced serious prison time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The sentencing guidelines, after a multitude of factors are considered, spits out an offense level. Holmes’ level was 33 — 24 points of that was from the amount of money she defrauded.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>And Davila, it could be argued, could have imposed an even tougher punishment. Based on her offense level, Holmes’ sentencing range was between 11 and 14 years behind bars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(For context: The U.S. Probation Office recommended 9 years; Prosecutors asked the judge that Holmes be imprisoned for 15 years. The maximum sentence under law was 20 years. Holmes’ legal team requested that she serve her sentence at home and avoid incarceration.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Portanova said Holmes’ punishment involved gobs of money, but her actions — repeatedly professing her technology could do what it was incapable of doing — was egregious.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She wasn’t just an ambitious salesperson who got out over her skis,” he said. “She did substantial time because it was a gross lie and she had ample opportunities to stop and she didn’t.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Will ‘fake it till you make it’ in Silicon Valley ever change?\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In their court filing to the judge ahead of the sentencing hearing, prosecutors argued that prison time for Holmes was necessary to “deter future startup fraud schemes” and to “rebuild the trust investors must have when funding innovation.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But will Holmes’ incarceration have that effect?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some say the Theranos case could be the start of federal prosecutors policing Silicon Valley more aggressively.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In Silicon Valley, there has historically been a ‘don’t follow the rules’ mentality, because that’s how you get ahead,” said Steven Davidoff Solomon of the U.C. Berkeley School of Law. “Holmes may be the first, but I suspect there are going to be more.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet hyping up a product and exaggerating are not crimes, but what is a crime is knowingly deceiving investors. Sometimes the dividing line is not so clear, experts said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cohen at Boston College of Law said the boundary between embellishment and criminal fraud does indeed remain fuzzy to most in the tech world, so chances are slim that Holmes’ sentence will reverberate in a way that would drastically alter the culture of the industry.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“‘Fake it till you make it’ culture in Silicon Valley involves a certain amount of puffery, and here the jury has spoken that there was more than that: there was fraud,” Cohen said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“But I do think that it’s a really hard line to discern,” he added. “And I’m not hopeful that Silicon Valley will get the message.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirsch, who studies tech entrepreneurs, was similarly skeptical about a major shakeup in the venture capital-backed tech startup world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The venture community is vulnerable to a shiny new story. They have been. They always will be,” he said. “We’re kidding ourselves if we think the recipe is going to change because Elizabeth Holmes goes to prison.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Biden administration is extending its student loan repayment pause — which was set to expire at the end of the year — into 2023 while its \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/28/1132107116/biden-student-loans-debt-forgiveness-faq\">promise of federal relief\u003c/a> remains hung up in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Payments will resume 60 days after the debt cancellation program is implemented, 60 days after the lawsuits are resolved or 60 days after June 30, if litigation fails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borrowers have been off the hook for federal student loan payments more or less since the COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2020. The repayment pause has been extended multiple times since, and Biden’s previous extension to Dec. 31 was supposed to be the last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s extension, the White House said, will alleviate uncertainty for borrowers as the administration asks the Supreme Court to review lower-court orders blocking Biden’s student debt relief program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m confident that our student debt relief plan is legal. But it’s on hold because Republican officials want to block it,” Biden tweeted. “That’s why [Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona] is extending the payment pause to no later than [60 days after] June 30, 2023, giving the Supreme Court time to hear the case in its current term.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden announced his plan to relieve up to $10,000 in federal student loan for low-to-middle-income borrowers — up to $20,000 for qualifying Pell Grant recipients — in August, but was quickly met with Republican opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And earlier this month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/10/1135940851/student-debt-relief-biden-blocked-texas-district-court\">a federal judge in Texas deemed Biden’s program unlawful\u003c/a>, though the Department of Justice has appealed the decision. Additionally, in a separate lawsuit, a federal appeals court issued an injunction to Biden’s relief on behalf of six states, which argued financial institutions would be harmed if borrowers didn’t have to pay their outstanding balances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/18/politics/student-debt-relief-supreme-court/index.html\">The Biden administration asked the Supreme Court to look into the matter\u003c/a> in hopes of pushing the program through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/08/24/fact-sheet-president-biden-announces-student-loan-relief-for-borrowers-who-need-it-most/\">statement \u003c/a>Tuesday, Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona called Republican efforts to block the relief “callous” and “just plain wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want borrowers to know that the Biden-Harris administration has their backs and we’re as committed as ever to fighting to deliver essential student debt relief to tens of millions of Americans,” Cardona said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=With+student+loan+relief+tied+up+in+court%2C+Biden+extends+repayment+pause+into+2023&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Biden administration is extending its student loan repayment pause — which was set to expire at the end of the year — into 2023 while its \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/28/1132107116/biden-student-loans-debt-forgiveness-faq\">promise of federal relief\u003c/a> remains hung up in court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Payments will resume 60 days after the debt cancellation program is implemented, 60 days after the lawsuits are resolved or 60 days after June 30, if litigation fails.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Borrowers have been off the hook for federal student loan payments more or less since the COVID-19 pandemic began in early 2020. The repayment pause has been extended multiple times since, and Biden’s previous extension to Dec. 31 was supposed to be the last.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tuesday’s extension, the White House said, will alleviate uncertainty for borrowers as the administration asks the Supreme Court to review lower-court orders blocking Biden’s student debt relief program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I’m confident that our student debt relief plan is legal. But it’s on hold because Republican officials want to block it,” Biden tweeted. “That’s why [Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona] is extending the payment pause to no later than [60 days after] June 30, 2023, giving the Supreme Court time to hear the case in its current term.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden announced his plan to relieve up to $10,000 in federal student loan for low-to-middle-income borrowers — up to $20,000 for qualifying Pell Grant recipients — in August, but was quickly met with Republican opposition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And earlier this month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/10/1135940851/student-debt-relief-biden-blocked-texas-district-court\">a federal judge in Texas deemed Biden’s program unlawful\u003c/a>, though the Department of Justice has appealed the decision. Additionally, in a separate lawsuit, a federal appeals court issued an injunction to Biden’s relief on behalf of six states, which argued financial institutions would be harmed if borrowers didn’t have to pay their outstanding balances.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnn.com/2022/11/18/politics/student-debt-relief-supreme-court/index.html\">The Biden administration asked the Supreme Court to look into the matter\u003c/a> in hopes of pushing the program through.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/08/24/fact-sheet-president-biden-announces-student-loan-relief-for-borrowers-who-need-it-most/\">statement \u003c/a>Tuesday, Secretary of Education Miguel Cardona called Republican efforts to block the relief “callous” and “just plain wrong.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I want borrowers to know that the Biden-Harris administration has their backs and we’re as committed as ever to fighting to deliver essential student debt relief to tens of millions of Americans,” Cardona said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=With+student+loan+relief+tied+up+in+court%2C+Biden+extends+repayment+pause+into+2023&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Billionaire Elon Musk has owned Twitter for less than a month. But one thing is clear: It will never be the same social network that the world has come to know over nearly two decades.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Desmond Upton Patton, professor of social policy, communications and psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania\"]'Twitter has problems that need to be fixed, but the tool has more hope and potential than negativity.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has made radical decisions, seemingly single-handedly, such as selling blue verification checkmarks and reinstating accounts that had been banned for breaking Twitter's rules against violent or offensive speech, including that of former President Donald Trump. Long-time users and advertisers are fleeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the company survives the present chaos or not, the history of tweeting shows just how important the platform has been since co-founder Jack Dorsey transmitted the very first message on March 21, 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There really is no other place where you can be any common individual with no political power, no monetary power, and yet you can story-tell using text, image and audio, you can link up and engage with people locally and globally around an issue, and then you can download your history and understand how all of this happened,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://www.sp2.upenn.edu/person/desmond-upton-patton/\">Desmond Upton Patton\u003c/a>, a professor of social policy, communications and psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania who studies Twitter. \"That is truly amazing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Social Movements and Political Causes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Twitter has helped to galvanize a wide array of social movements and political causes across the world from the Arab Spring and the present human-rights protests in Iran to #BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seattle-based social media influencer \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/2morrowknight?lang=en\">Sean Gardner\u003c/a> points to this tweet by Twitter co-founder Dorsey as being emblematic of the platform's use as a tool to spread ideas and incite people to action:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Jack Dorsey's tweet is definitely something that sticks out,\" said Gardner. \"I thought that was just a brilliant tweet because that's exactly what Twitter has done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The platform has been very influential abroad, with around \u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/statistics/242606/number-of-active-twitter-users-in-selected-countries/\">80 percent of users\u003c/a> living outside of the U.S. More than a decade ago, Twitter became a powerful tool for sharing information and reflections about the protests going on in Egypt and beyond during the Arab Spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And closer to home, tweeting helped galvanize millions of people in the wake of George Floyd's murder on May 25, 2020, with people sharing their anger and anguish using hashtags like #BlackLivesMatter and #JusticeForGeorge. News platforms used Twitter to report on the unfolding events.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Presidential Megaphone\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Soon after Twitter became a \"thing,\" some elected officials also started to see the platform as a useful way to reach people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Barack Obama was actually the first social media head of state,\" said Gardner of the former President. \"It was because of him that countries got on board, and people started talking with each other online.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was Obama's successor who took tweeting to a whole new level. Gardner said Trump's hold on Twitter changed the face of politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Trump is almost like a quarterback, and what he was doing was throwing the ball over to his wide receivers, which is basically people who were receptive to his particular message or stance,\" Gardner said. \"So it's not really one tweet with Trump. If you look back at it, it's probably thousands.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter removed Trump's account following the Jan. 6, 2021 attack on the U.S. Capitol. But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/tweets-january-6-2021\">string of his tweets\u003c/a> from that date, preserved by U.C. Santa Barbara's \u003ca href=\"https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/\">American Presidency Project\u003c/a>, illustrate the ex-president's use of the platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has not yet jumped back on since Musk reinstated his account on Nov. 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Twitter's Lighter Side\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For the University of Pennsylvania's Patton, Twitter has always been a place to share a joke and a place to start a riot. He points to Black Twitter as a source of joy and resilience, especially during the holiday season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The holidays can make for a complicated time for dealing with family members,\" said Patton. \"Black Twitter can take a problematic moment and turn it into a fun meme or a fun joke with which everyone can resonate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Patton reacted strongly to Musk's takeover of Twitter — a feeling shared by many after the new owner sent out a tweet on Oct. 26 announcing, in esoteric fashion, his presence at the company's San Francisco headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter has problems that need to be fixed, but the tool has more hope and potential than negativity,\" Patton said. \"It just feels like a wasted opportunity for Twitter to really do some good in the world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Twitter+became+one+of+the+world%27s+preferred+platforms+for+sharing+ideas&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has made radical decisions, seemingly single-handedly, such as selling blue verification checkmarks and reinstating accounts that had been banned for breaking Twitter's rules against violent or offensive speech, including that of former President Donald Trump. Long-time users and advertisers are fleeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the company survives the present chaos or not, the history of tweeting shows just how important the platform has been since co-founder Jack Dorsey transmitted the very first message on March 21, 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There really is no other place where you can be any common individual with no political power, no monetary power, and yet you can story-tell using text, image and audio, you can link up and engage with people locally and globally around an issue, and then you can download your history and understand how all of this happened,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://www.sp2.upenn.edu/person/desmond-upton-patton/\">Desmond Upton Patton\u003c/a>, a professor of social policy, communications and psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania who studies Twitter. \"That is truly amazing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Social Movements and Political Causes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Twitter has helped to galvanize a wide array of social movements and political causes across the world from the Arab Spring and the present human-rights protests in Iran to #BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seattle-based social media influencer \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/2morrowknight?lang=en\">Sean Gardner\u003c/a> points to this tweet by Twitter co-founder Dorsey as being emblematic of the platform's use as a tool to spread ideas and incite people to action:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Jack Dorsey's tweet is definitely something that sticks out,\" said Gardner. \"I thought that was just a brilliant tweet because that's exactly what Twitter has done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The platform has been very influential abroad, with around \u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/statistics/242606/number-of-active-twitter-users-in-selected-countries/\">80 percent of users\u003c/a> living outside of the U.S. More than a decade ago, Twitter became a powerful tool for sharing information and reflections about the protests going on in Egypt and beyond during the Arab Spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And closer to home, tweeting helped galvanize millions of people in the wake of George Floyd's murder on May 25, 2020, with people sharing their anger and anguish using hashtags like #BlackLivesMatter and #JusticeForGeorge. News platforms used Twitter to report on the unfolding events.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Presidential Megaphone\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Soon after Twitter became a \"thing,\" some elected officials also started to see the platform as a useful way to reach people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Barack Obama was actually the first social media head of state,\" said Gardner of the former President. \"It was because of him that countries got on board, and people started talking with each other online.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was Obama's successor who took tweeting to a whole new level. Gardner said Trump's hold on Twitter changed the face of politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Trump is almost like a quarterback, and what he was doing was throwing the ball over to his wide receivers, which is basically people who were receptive to his particular message or stance,\" Gardner said. \"So it's not really one tweet with Trump. If you look back at it, it's probably thousands.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter removed Trump's account following the Jan. 6, 2021 attack on the U.S. Capitol. But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/tweets-january-6-2021\">string of his tweets\u003c/a> from that date, preserved by U.C. Santa Barbara's \u003ca href=\"https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/\">American Presidency Project\u003c/a>, illustrate the ex-president's use of the platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has not yet jumped back on since Musk reinstated his account on Nov. 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Twitter's Lighter Side\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For the University of Pennsylvania's Patton, Twitter has always been a place to share a joke and a place to start a riot. He points to Black Twitter as a source of joy and resilience, especially during the holiday season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The holidays can make for a complicated time for dealing with family members,\" said Patton. \"Black Twitter can take a problematic moment and turn it into a fun meme or a fun joke with which everyone can resonate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Patton reacted strongly to Musk's takeover of Twitter — a feeling shared by many after the new owner sent out a tweet on Oct. 26 announcing, in esoteric fashion, his presence at the company's San Francisco headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter has problems that need to be fixed, but the tool has more hope and potential than negativity,\" Patton said. \"It just feels like a wasted opportunity for Twitter to really do some good in the world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Twitter+became+one+of+the+world%27s+preferred+platforms+for+sharing+ideas&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What We Know So Far About the Shooting at a Colorado Springs LGBTQ Club",
"title": "What We Know So Far About the Shooting at a Colorado Springs LGBTQ Club",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated November 21, 2022 at 5:28 PM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Police continue to investigate after a gunman killed five people and injured 18 others at an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/20/1138045219/colorado-springs-shooting-lgbtq-club-q-5-dead\">LGBTQ nightclub \u003c/a>late Saturday in Colorado Springs, Colo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seventeen people were injured because of a gunshot wound, while another victim sustained other injuries, police said Monday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one other person and likely many others were victims with no visible injuries, police said. Police earlier said 25 people were injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials also identified Anderson Lee Aldrich, 22, as the suspect. He was taken into custody shortly after arriving on site at Club Q and is being treated at a local hospital as of Monday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court records for the case have now been sealed. The El Paso County district attorney's director of communications Howard Black told NPR on Monday afternoon that no formal charges have been filed. He said the investigation is still active, and charges will be filed in due time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attack comes six years after the deadliest attack on the LGBTQ community in modern U.S. history, when a gunman killed 49 people and wounded 53 others at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/06/16/482322488/orlando-shooting-what-happened-update\">Pulse nightclub\u003c/a> in Orlando, Fla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what we know about the Colorado Springs shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Two patrons subdued the gunman\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Colorado Springs Police Chief Adrian Vasquez said the gunman began shooting as soon as he entered the nightclub. At least two people \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/20/1138045219/colorado-springs-shooting-lgbtq-club-q-5-dead\">helped subdue\u003c/a> the gunman, which the chief described as heroic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We owe them a great debt of thanks,\" he said at a news conference Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado Springs Mayor John Suthers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/20/1138127564/the-colorado-springs-mayor-reflects-on-the-club-q-shooting\">told NPR\u003c/a> that one of the patrons \"took the handgun from the [shooter] and hit him with the handgun to disable him.\"[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"President Joe Biden\"]'There is no place for violence, hatred, and bigotry in America. Yet, tragically, as last night's attack in Colorado Springs reminds us, too many LGBTQI+ people in the United States — and around the world — continue to face unconscionable attacks.'[/pullquote]Club Q wrote on \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ClubQOnline/posts/pfbid07LSCxRLmdaV4ogdSs3SCyeh4fsVDwLe3vip3qjxKX4JozzdggibpuKag7Je6fBnul\">Facebook\u003c/a> that the patrons' \"quick reactions\" helped end the attack, which it called a hate attack, and prevented more people from being killed or injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police said the first call came in at 11:57 p.m. local time after which the first officer arrived three minutes later. The suspect was taken into custody at 12:02 a.m. MT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado Springs Police Chief Adrian Vasquez said the shooter carried an \"AR style platform\" long gun along with multiple magazines with ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That speaks to the preparation that he took for before entering that club,\" Vasquez told NPR's Rachel Martin on \u003cem>Morning Edition.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Club Q has been a safe haven for Colorado Springs' LGBTQ community\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Club Q, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/clubqcoloradosprings/?hl=en\">opened\u003c/a> in 2002, serves the Colorado Springs area with drag shows, karaoke, and dance parties for those 18 years and older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Vasquez and Colorado Gov. Jared Polis called the club a \"safe haven\" for LGBTQ residents of Colorado Springs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Club Q has been a safe haven for the LGBTQ community in an area where it hasn't always been easy,\" Polis, who became the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/15/1037675898/colorados-polis-weds-marking-the-1st-same-sex-marriage-of-a-sitting-governor\">first openly gay governor\u003c/a> in the U.S. in 2018, said at a \u003ca href=\"https://krdo.com/news/2022/11/20/community-comes-together-after-colorado-springs-gay-nightclub-mass-shooting/\">church service \u003c/a>Sunday. \"It's a place where we can gather, dance, and share the joy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado Springs Police Lt. Pamela Castro said the department was shocked at the attack, as the nightclub had not been a problem spot for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Club Q announced it will be closed until further notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The shooting came on the eve of Transgender Day of Remembrance\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The gunman targeted the club the night before Transgender Day of Remembrance, which occurs annually on Nov. 20 to honor victims of anti-trans violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day of remembrance had its start in 1999, when LGBTQ rights advocate Gwendolyn Ann Smith helped \u003ca href=\"https://www.glaad.org/tdor\">organize\u003c/a> a vigil for transgender women\u003ca href=\"https://www.wbur.org/news/2020/07/15/two-decades-after-her-death-rita-hesters-family-reflects-on-her-spirit\"> Rita Hester\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://mediakron.bc.edu/lgbtqboston/map/the-murder-of-chanelle-pickett/the-murder-of-chanelle-pickett\">Chanelle Pickett\u003c/a> of Massachusetts. Both were women of color.\u003cbr>\n[aside postID=news_11932882 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/Before-Rally-1020x680.jpeg']\"No one I spoke with then knew who Chanelle Pickett was, even though the trial of her murderer, William Palmer, had ended only months before Hester's death,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffpost.com/entry/transgender-day-of-remembrance-why-we-remember_b_2166234\">Ann Smith wrote in 2012\u003c/a>. \"It seemed clear to me then that we were forgetting our past, and were — to paraphrase George Santayana — doomed to repeat it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the investigation is in its early stages, Vasquez said it's not lost on him that the shooting took place in a LGBTQ nightclub and on the eve of Transgender Day of Remembrance. He added that those details will be taken seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there's a lot of work to be done before we can come to that determination,\" he said on whether the shooting was a hate crime. \"But certainly it feels that way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Biden and lawmakers respond, condemning anti-LGBTQ hate crimes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Democratic Colorado Sen. Michael Bennet expressed his devastation upon hearing news of the shooting in his state and called for more protection and support of the LGBTQ community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As we seek justice for this unimaginable act, we must do more to protect the LGBTQ community and stand firm against discrimination and hate in every form,\" he wrote on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932924\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11932924\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877.jpg\" alt=\"Flowers at a memorial with a young woman placing a candle.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People hold a vigil at a makeshift memorial near the Club Q nightclub on November 20, 2022 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. \u003ccite>(Scott Olson/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>President Biden said in a statement: \"There is no place for violence, hatred, and bigotry in America. Yet, tragically, as last night's attack in Colorado Springs reminds us, too many LGBTQI+ people in the United States — and around the world — continue to face unconscionable attacks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden called for Congress to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/live-updates/colorado-springs-club-q-shooting#president-biden-issues-another-statement-this-one-calling-for-passage-of-the-equality-act\">pass the Equality Act\u003c/a>, which would ban discrimination against people based on sexual orientation and gender identity. The bill stalled in the Senate after passing the House \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/24/969591569/house-to-vote-on-equality-act-heres-what-the-law-would-do\">in February 2021\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/25/1107626030/biden-signs-gun-safety-law\">signed\u003c/a> the first major gun safety law passed by Congress in nearly 30 years, a month after the mass shooting at an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1101183663/uvalde-elementary-school-shooting\">elementary school in Uvalde, Texas\u003c/a> that killed 19 children and two adults. The legislation expanded background checks on people between the ages of 18 and 21 seeking to buy a gun and expanded an existing law that prevents people convicted of domestic abuse from owning a gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said more must be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to enact an assault weapons ban to get weapons of war off America's streets,\" Biden said in a White House press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Juliana Kim contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated November 21, 2022 at 5:28 PM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Police continue to investigate after a gunman killed five people and injured 18 others at an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/20/1138045219/colorado-springs-shooting-lgbtq-club-q-5-dead\">LGBTQ nightclub \u003c/a>late Saturday in Colorado Springs, Colo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seventeen people were injured because of a gunshot wound, while another victim sustained other injuries, police said Monday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one other person and likely many others were victims with no visible injuries, police said. Police earlier said 25 people were injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials also identified Anderson Lee Aldrich, 22, as the suspect. He was taken into custody shortly after arriving on site at Club Q and is being treated at a local hospital as of Monday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court records for the case have now been sealed. The El Paso County district attorney's director of communications Howard Black told NPR on Monday afternoon that no formal charges have been filed. He said the investigation is still active, and charges will be filed in due time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attack comes six years after the deadliest attack on the LGBTQ community in modern U.S. history, when a gunman killed 49 people and wounded 53 others at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/06/16/482322488/orlando-shooting-what-happened-update\">Pulse nightclub\u003c/a> in Orlando, Fla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what we know about the Colorado Springs shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Two patrons subdued the gunman\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Colorado Springs Police Chief Adrian Vasquez said the gunman began shooting as soon as he entered the nightclub. At least two people \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/20/1138045219/colorado-springs-shooting-lgbtq-club-q-5-dead\">helped subdue\u003c/a> the gunman, which the chief described as heroic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We owe them a great debt of thanks,\" he said at a news conference Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado Springs Mayor John Suthers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/20/1138127564/the-colorado-springs-mayor-reflects-on-the-club-q-shooting\">told NPR\u003c/a> that one of the patrons \"took the handgun from the [shooter] and hit him with the handgun to disable him.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Club Q wrote on \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ClubQOnline/posts/pfbid07LSCxRLmdaV4ogdSs3SCyeh4fsVDwLe3vip3qjxKX4JozzdggibpuKag7Je6fBnul\">Facebook\u003c/a> that the patrons' \"quick reactions\" helped end the attack, which it called a hate attack, and prevented more people from being killed or injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police said the first call came in at 11:57 p.m. local time after which the first officer arrived three minutes later. The suspect was taken into custody at 12:02 a.m. MT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado Springs Police Chief Adrian Vasquez said the shooter carried an \"AR style platform\" long gun along with multiple magazines with ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That speaks to the preparation that he took for before entering that club,\" Vasquez told NPR's Rachel Martin on \u003cem>Morning Edition.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Club Q has been a safe haven for Colorado Springs' LGBTQ community\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Club Q, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/clubqcoloradosprings/?hl=en\">opened\u003c/a> in 2002, serves the Colorado Springs area with drag shows, karaoke, and dance parties for those 18 years and older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Vasquez and Colorado Gov. Jared Polis called the club a \"safe haven\" for LGBTQ residents of Colorado Springs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Club Q has been a safe haven for the LGBTQ community in an area where it hasn't always been easy,\" Polis, who became the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/15/1037675898/colorados-polis-weds-marking-the-1st-same-sex-marriage-of-a-sitting-governor\">first openly gay governor\u003c/a> in the U.S. in 2018, said at a \u003ca href=\"https://krdo.com/news/2022/11/20/community-comes-together-after-colorado-springs-gay-nightclub-mass-shooting/\">church service \u003c/a>Sunday. \"It's a place where we can gather, dance, and share the joy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado Springs Police Lt. Pamela Castro said the department was shocked at the attack, as the nightclub had not been a problem spot for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Club Q announced it will be closed until further notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The shooting came on the eve of Transgender Day of Remembrance\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The gunman targeted the club the night before Transgender Day of Remembrance, which occurs annually on Nov. 20 to honor victims of anti-trans violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day of remembrance had its start in 1999, when LGBTQ rights advocate Gwendolyn Ann Smith helped \u003ca href=\"https://www.glaad.org/tdor\">organize\u003c/a> a vigil for transgender women\u003ca href=\"https://www.wbur.org/news/2020/07/15/two-decades-after-her-death-rita-hesters-family-reflects-on-her-spirit\"> Rita Hester\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://mediakron.bc.edu/lgbtqboston/map/the-murder-of-chanelle-pickett/the-murder-of-chanelle-pickett\">Chanelle Pickett\u003c/a> of Massachusetts. Both were women of color.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"No one I spoke with then knew who Chanelle Pickett was, even though the trial of her murderer, William Palmer, had ended only months before Hester's death,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffpost.com/entry/transgender-day-of-remembrance-why-we-remember_b_2166234\">Ann Smith wrote in 2012\u003c/a>. \"It seemed clear to me then that we were forgetting our past, and were — to paraphrase George Santayana — doomed to repeat it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the investigation is in its early stages, Vasquez said it's not lost on him that the shooting took place in a LGBTQ nightclub and on the eve of Transgender Day of Remembrance. He added that those details will be taken seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there's a lot of work to be done before we can come to that determination,\" he said on whether the shooting was a hate crime. \"But certainly it feels that way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Biden and lawmakers respond, condemning anti-LGBTQ hate crimes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Democratic Colorado Sen. Michael Bennet expressed his devastation upon hearing news of the shooting in his state and called for more protection and support of the LGBTQ community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As we seek justice for this unimaginable act, we must do more to protect the LGBTQ community and stand firm against discrimination and hate in every form,\" he wrote on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932924\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11932924\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877.jpg\" alt=\"Flowers at a memorial with a young woman placing a candle.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People hold a vigil at a makeshift memorial near the Club Q nightclub on November 20, 2022 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. \u003ccite>(Scott Olson/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>President Biden said in a statement: \"There is no place for violence, hatred, and bigotry in America. Yet, tragically, as last night's attack in Colorado Springs reminds us, too many LGBTQI+ people in the United States — and around the world — continue to face unconscionable attacks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden called for Congress to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/live-updates/colorado-springs-club-q-shooting#president-biden-issues-another-statement-this-one-calling-for-passage-of-the-equality-act\">pass the Equality Act\u003c/a>, which would ban discrimination against people based on sexual orientation and gender identity. The bill stalled in the Senate after passing the House \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/24/969591569/house-to-vote-on-equality-act-heres-what-the-law-would-do\">in February 2021\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/25/1107626030/biden-signs-gun-safety-law\">signed\u003c/a> the first major gun safety law passed by Congress in nearly 30 years, a month after the mass shooting at an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1101183663/uvalde-elementary-school-shooting\">elementary school in Uvalde, Texas\u003c/a> that killed 19 children and two adults. The legislation expanded background checks on people between the ages of 18 and 21 seeking to buy a gun and expanded an existing law that prevents people convicted of domestic abuse from owning a gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said more must be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to enact an assault weapons ban to get weapons of war off America's streets,\" Biden said in a White House press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Juliana Kim contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "fda-gives-nod-to-no-kill-meat",
"title": "FDA Gives Safety Nod to 'No Kill' Meat, Bringing It Closer to Sale in the U.S.",
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"headTitle": "FDA Gives Safety Nod to ‘No Kill’ Meat, Bringing It Closer to Sale in the U.S. | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration has taken a first step towards allowing the sale of cultivated “no kill” meat in the U.S, giving a safety nod to Upside Foods, a San Francisco based start-up. The company produces meat grown from animal cells, without slaughtering the animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world is experiencing a food revolution and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-spurs-innovation-human-food-animal-cell-culture-technology\">FDA is committed to supporting innovation\u003c/a> in the food supply,” wrote FDA Commissioner Robert Califf and director of the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Susan Mayne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA reviewed more than 100 pages of documentation from \u003ca href=\"https://upsidefoods.com/\">Upside Foods\u003c/a>, and has now completed its pre-market consultation. The agency says it “has no further questions” about the firm’s conclusion that the products are safe to eat. This removes a key regulatory hurdle and could bring Upside Foods one step closer to selling its products in the U.S. The next steps are to work with the U.S. Department of Agriculture on labeling and inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upside Foods was co-founded by \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/team/uma-valeti-m-d/\">Uma Valeti\u003c/a>, a cardiologist who dreamt of producing meat in a different way. Instead of raising livestock on farms and killing them in slaughterhouses, Valeti wanted to find a way to “grow” meat in a production facility, by culturing animal cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concept for what’s now called “cultivated” meat came to Valeti when he was working with heart attack patients at the Mayo Clinic more than 15 years ago, growing human heart cells in a lab. It should be possible to grow meat with similar science, he realized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists could extract cells from an animal via a needle biopsy, place them in tanks, feed them the nutrients they need to proliferate, including fats, sugar, amino acids and vitamins, and end up with meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has taken years of experimentation by a crew of biologists, biochemists and engineers to turn that concept into a product ready to eat. “People said it was science fiction,” Valeti told me as we toured the company’s new 70,000-square-foot facility. If it gets a green light to start selling its meat, Upside’s production facility in Emeryville, Calif., will be able to produce over 50,000 pounds of cultivated meat products per year. “This is real,” Valeti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We suited up for the tour in gowns, goggles and hair nets to maintain food safety protocols and walked past shiny, brewery-style, stainless steel tanks reaching from floor to ceiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932331\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"A lobby of an office with long tables\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-2048x1362.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The lobby at Upside Foods is a dining area where one can see meat being produced through windows in a wall. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But these tanks — called cultivators in this industry — “brew” meat, not beer. We saw the cell bank where the animal cell samples are stored, the pipes that pump nutrients into the tanks, and finally the raw meat as it emerged from the production facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process had a futuristic vibe but by the end of the tour, it felt somehow ordinary to me — like a kind of hydroponic gardening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The facility’s glass walls look out into a busy upscale neighborhood, filled with restaurants, apartments and offices. Valeti says the glass walls are intentional — to signal transparency. “To create a paradigm change, people should be able to walk through and see and believe it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upside Foods could have lots of competition once cultivated meats enter the market. More than \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2021-Cultivated-Meat-State-of-the-Industry-Report-1.pdf\">80 companies (PDF)\u003c/a> are staking a future in the space. For instance, \u003ca href=\"https://www.goodmeat.co/\">Good Meat\u003c/a>, part of Eat Just, Inc., will serve its cultivated chicken at the COP-27 climate conference this week, after debuting its product \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-10/eat-just-to-open-asia-s-largest-cultivated-meat-facility-in-2023\">in Singapore\u003c/a>. Also, \u003ca href=\"https://scififoods.com/\">Sci-Fi Foods\u003c/a>, founded by self-proclaimed “burger-obsessed food lovers” aims to blend cultivated beef with a plant-based recipe to produce a hybrid burger that, they say, will be better for the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932332\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932332\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"tanks in a factory\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The cultivation room at Upside Foods. \u003ccite>(David Kay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The acceleration in investment comes as more consumers connect the dots between what they eat and the environment. An estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-021-00225-9\">one third of all human-induced greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a> come from food production and scientists warn it’s nearly impossible to meet climate goals \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/08/08/748416223/to-slow-global-warming-u-n-warns-agriculture-must-change\">without changing agriculture\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say beef has an especially \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/insights/6-pressing-questions-about-beef-and-climate-change-answered\">large environmental impact\u003c/a> because it requires a lot of land to graze animals and is a leading source of methane emissions. By comparison, it takes \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/insights/2018-will-see-high-meat-consumption-us-american-diet-shifting\">much less land\u003c/a> and grain to raise chickens. However, concentrated poultry operations are linked to \u003ca href=\"https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2020/05/01/report-finds-poultry-farming-sends-more-pollution-to-chesapeake-bay-than-previously-thought/\">water pollution\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, concentrated \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/npdes/animal-feeding-operations-afos\">animal feeding operations\u003c/a> are a risk factor for the emergence of diseases that spread between animals and people, as a U.N. report from 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-07/UNEP-Preventing-the-next-pandemic.pdf\">Preventing the Next Pandemic (PDF)\u003c/a>, warned.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A move from medicine to meat\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Valeti’s leap from cardiology to food innovation was inspired by a belief that there was a better way to bring meat to the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recalls working in a campus dining hall in medical school. He was sent to a slaughterhouse where he saw hundreds of chickens hanging on a production line. “They were literally moving past at blazing speed, they’d be upside down with blood everywhere,” Valeti recalls. “That was an image that just stayed in my head.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He became a vegetarian, but he knew many people are resolute carnivores. Despite calls from climate change scientists to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/01/27/688765872/this-diet-is-better-for-the-planet-but-is-it-better-for-you-too\">eat less meat\u003c/a>, the globe is demanding more of it. Americans now eat \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/statistics/per-capita-consumption-of-poultry-and-livestock-1965-to-estimated-2012-in-pounds/\">more than 220 pounds of meat per person, per year\u003c/a>, compared to 193 pounds a year in the early 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his aha moment in the cardiology lab, Valeti became convinced he could develop a viable technique for cultivating meat from animal cells. “Once I got that idea into my head it was nearly impossible to get out,” Valeti recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932333\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932333\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"two men in an office smile over a plate of grilled chicken\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Upside Foods CEO Uma Valeti (right) prepares to sample a recently cooked chicken breast. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He began raising money and started Upside (formerly called \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2020/01/22/798515259/ready-for-meat-grown-from-animal-cells-a-startup-plans-a-pilot-plant\">Memphis Meats\u003c/a>) in 2015. At the time his two children were young, and his wife, also a doctor, was supportive of the decision despite the risks involved in a start-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s won over plenty of investors along the way, including Bill Gates and venture capitalist John Doerr, and the company is now \u003ca href=\"https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/upside-foods/company_financials\">valued\u003c/a> at more than a billion dollars. Some of the largest companies involved in traditional meat production, including Tyson and Cargill, have also invested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the idea of meat grown in tanks elicits an “ick” response from many people, the emerging industry sees market potential. According to consumer research, 88% of Gen Z consumers in the U.S. say they’d be somewhat \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2021-Cultivated-Meat-State-of-the-Industry-Report-1.pdf\">open to trying cultivated meat (PDF)\u003c/a>, compared with about 72% of baby boomers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel super bullish on the prospects for plant-based meat as well as cultivated meat,” says \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/team/bruce-friedrich/\">Bruce Friedrich\u003c/a> of the Good Food Institute which tracks \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2021-Cultivated-Meat-State-of-the-Industry-Report-1.pdf\">investment trends (PDF)\u003c/a> and lobbies for alternative proteins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate-conscious consumers would be likely early adopters, Friedrich says, but for the market to really take off, the products need to taste great and be cost-competitive, he says. “Until they get there, they’re going to stay niche,” Friedrich predicts. “Price and taste are why people make their food decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I asked Valeti about price parity with conventional meat he said the goal is to be price-competitive. “It will take time to build,” Valeti acknowledged. As for taste, he says his team is ready to wow consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932334\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932334\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-800x978.jpg\" alt=\"fake chicken breast is prepared\" width=\"800\" height=\"978\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-800x978.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-1020x1247.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-160x196.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-1256x1536.jpg 1256w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-1675x2048.jpg 1675w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-1920x2347.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chicken breast is prepared at Upside Foods. Upside Foods is one of the biggest companies in the cultivated meats space, having raised upwards of $1 billion to continue research and development. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A visit to the test kitchen\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>During our visit, we stopped in the company’s state-of-the-art test kitchen for a taste of Upside Foods’ chicken. I was asked to sign a waiver before tasting it, because it’s not yet legal to sell cell-cultured meat in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was served a piece of their chicken, pan-fried in a white-wine butter sauce. My first reaction: “It’s delicious.” (Isn’t everything in wine-butter sauce?) And the texture was chewy, closely replicating the texture of chicken breast (minus bones, and tough bits or gristle.) “It tastes like chicken,” I said, to which Valeti quickly replied, “It\u003cem> is\u003c/em> chicken!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took Valeti and his team years to develop the technology behind these tasty bites. A key challenge was creating the feed for the cells. Cells need a mix of proteins, carbohydrates and fats (just as animals do) but, designing the exact formulation was part alchemy, and a lot of trial and error.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feed needed to maximize growth, but also produce a good taste, texture and nutritional value. He quickly realized no single scientist had the skills to figure this out alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A muscle biologist can focus on growth, but he brought in nutritional biochemists and engineers to tackle the competing challenges linked to taste and growth. “We had to develop a multidisciplinary team of scientists,” Valeti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture are working together on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2019/03/07/usda-and-fda-announce-formal-agreement-regulate-cell-cultured-food\">regulatory framework\u003c/a> “to help move these innovative products along into the U.S. market, as long as we’re making sure that everything can be done safely and with appropriate labeling,” Susan Mayne, Director of the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition at the FDA told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upside Food’s pre-market consultation was the first to be completed, and the FDA says it will review each company’s submission separately. “We encourage firms to have these conversations with us often and early in their product development phase,” an FDA spokesperson wrote in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2022/09/12/executive-order-on-advancing-biotechnology-and-biomanufacturing-innovation-for-a-sustainable-safe-and-secure-american-bioeconomy/\">executive order\u003c/a> from the Biden administration, which calls for advancing innovative solutions in climate change and food security, including “cultivating alternative food sources,” was viewed by many in the nascent cultivated food industry as a sign of increased momentum toward approval. The USDA is currently developing \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2021/09/02/usda-seeks-comments-labeling-meat-and-poultry-products-derived\">labeling requirements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932335\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932335\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"chicken breast prepared on a grill with tongs\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-2048x1362.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of Upside Foods’ many competitors, Good Meat, will serve its cultivated chicken at the COP-27 climate conference this week, after debuting its product in Singapore. Good Meat is one of the bigger companies in the cultivated meats space. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Debates over health and environmental impact\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are debates about whether cultivated meat is healthy — or potentially healthier than conventional meat. “It’s a very nuanced question without a very simple answer,” explains \u003ca href=\"https://ph.ucla.edu/faculty/hunnes\">Dana Hunnes\u003c/a>, a registered dietitian at UCLA Medical Center. Opinions tend to reflect the range of views about meat in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hunnes says cultivated meat may not appeal to vegans or vegetarians. She points to the healthfulness of plant-based diets, which is the diet she follows, and says some people don’t want to eat meat, no matter how it’s produced. Also, the cultivated meat industry has relied on fetal bovine serum from cows as a growth medium for the cells, though Upside Foods has developed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/upside-foods-acf-cell-media/\">animal component-free alternative\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most Americans are meat-eaters, and dieticians say meat is a good source of protein and important micronutrients including B vitamins. Part of the intrigue of cultivated meat is that it can be altered for improved nutrition. For instance, if cells were fed omega-3 fatty acids during the growing process, then, in theory, these heart-healthy fats could be absorbed into the meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is possible to create a so-called healthier version of the meat,” Hunnes says, though much of this has not yet been explored since the industry is so new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932337\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932337\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"scientists in a lab\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-2048x1362.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists at Good Meat work on cell cultures which will be used for the company’s cultivated meats. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From a public health perspective, a potential advantage of cultivated meat is the fact that without live animals to catch and spread disease, no antibiotics are needed in production facilities and there’s decreased likelihood of foodborne illness from intestinal pathogens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, salmonella, a bacteria that lives in animal intestines and is shed through their feces, would not be present in a cultivated meat production facility. “From a food safety standpoint, it probably has a one up” on the traditional meat industry, Hunnes says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because this is a new industry, there are potential unknowns. Some scientists say it’s possible that \u003ca href=\"https://ojs.qiu.edu.my/journal/index.php/qijmhs/article/view/48\">unforeseen biological mechanisms \u003c/a>could occur as the meat grows, such as cells multiplying in unpredictable ways. There’s a continued need for research as the industry heads toward commercialization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932338\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-71_custom-54a2bbfc86d23316472489ee7440320ed2d61e54.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11932338\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-71_custom-54a2bbfc86d23316472489ee7440320ed2d61e54.jpg\" alt=\"a portrait of a man in a lab coat and glasses\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-71_custom-54a2bbfc86d23316472489ee7440320ed2d61e54.jpg 200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-71_custom-54a2bbfc86d23316472489ee7440320ed2d61e54-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Upside Foods CEO Uma Valeti. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first cultivated meat products were produced from cells biopsied directly from live animals. But this process isn’t efficient. Over the last few years, start-ups have worked to identify “immortalized” cell lines, that “can be grown almost indefinitely without having to go back to the animal,” explains David Kaplan, professor of biomedical engineering of Tufts University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His lab received a \u003ca href=\"https://now.tufts.edu/2021/10/15/tufts-receives-10-million-grant-help-develop-cultivated-meat\">$10 million grant \u003c/a>from the USDA to help develop the cultured meat industry. “We need more and more,” immortalized cell lines, Kaplan says, as the industry looks to expand to different types of meat, poultry and fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another unknown is the exact climate impact of cultivated meat. Researchers at the University of Oxford modeled the \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00005/full\">potential climate change impact of cattle compared to cultivated meat\u003c/a>. One advantage of cultivated meat is that it will not produce methane emissions, which is a potent greenhouse gas produced by cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the cultivated meat industry will contribute to CO2 emissions, given that its production facilities will use electricity. The researchers conclude that the relative impact will be determined by whether — or how quickly — the energy used to power the cultivated meat production facilities comes from clean-energy, or decarbonized energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Culinary future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Valeti, the potential benefits of cultivated meat are too important not to try to overcome the obstacles. He sees a future with a better alternative to the current system of producing meat, and he’s determined to create it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valeti says, ultimately, as a doctor he might have been able to help a few thousand patients during his career. But, by taking the leap to cultivated meat, with its potential promise to overhaul meat production, he believes he can have a larger impact. “This could literally affect billions of human lives and save potentially trillions of animal lives,” Valeti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While awaiting regulatory approval, he’s moving forward to bring the product to people’s plates. He has signed a partnership with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ateliercrenn.com/\">Dominique Crenn,\u003c/a> the co-owner and chef of the three-Michelin-starred restaurant Atelier Crenn in San Francisco, who has agreed to provide culinary consulting and recipe development and — once the new product is approved for market — to serve Upside’s cultivated chicken at her restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=From+science+fiction+to+reality%2C+%27no+kill%27+meat+may+be+coming+soon&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration has taken a first step towards allowing the sale of cultivated “no kill” meat in the U.S, giving a safety nod to Upside Foods, a San Francisco based start-up. The company produces meat grown from animal cells, without slaughtering the animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world is experiencing a food revolution and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-spurs-innovation-human-food-animal-cell-culture-technology\">FDA is committed to supporting innovation\u003c/a> in the food supply,” wrote FDA Commissioner Robert Califf and director of the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Susan Mayne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA reviewed more than 100 pages of documentation from \u003ca href=\"https://upsidefoods.com/\">Upside Foods\u003c/a>, and has now completed its pre-market consultation. The agency says it “has no further questions” about the firm’s conclusion that the products are safe to eat. This removes a key regulatory hurdle and could bring Upside Foods one step closer to selling its products in the U.S. The next steps are to work with the U.S. Department of Agriculture on labeling and inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upside Foods was co-founded by \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/team/uma-valeti-m-d/\">Uma Valeti\u003c/a>, a cardiologist who dreamt of producing meat in a different way. Instead of raising livestock on farms and killing them in slaughterhouses, Valeti wanted to find a way to “grow” meat in a production facility, by culturing animal cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concept for what’s now called “cultivated” meat came to Valeti when he was working with heart attack patients at the Mayo Clinic more than 15 years ago, growing human heart cells in a lab. It should be possible to grow meat with similar science, he realized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists could extract cells from an animal via a needle biopsy, place them in tanks, feed them the nutrients they need to proliferate, including fats, sugar, amino acids and vitamins, and end up with meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has taken years of experimentation by a crew of biologists, biochemists and engineers to turn that concept into a product ready to eat. “People said it was science fiction,” Valeti told me as we toured the company’s new 70,000-square-foot facility. If it gets a green light to start selling its meat, Upside’s production facility in Emeryville, Calif., will be able to produce over 50,000 pounds of cultivated meat products per year. “This is real,” Valeti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We suited up for the tour in gowns, goggles and hair nets to maintain food safety protocols and walked past shiny, brewery-style, stainless steel tanks reaching from floor to ceiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932331\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"A lobby of an office with long tables\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-2048x1362.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The lobby at Upside Foods is a dining area where one can see meat being produced through windows in a wall. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But these tanks — called cultivators in this industry — “brew” meat, not beer. We saw the cell bank where the animal cell samples are stored, the pipes that pump nutrients into the tanks, and finally the raw meat as it emerged from the production facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process had a futuristic vibe but by the end of the tour, it felt somehow ordinary to me — like a kind of hydroponic gardening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The facility’s glass walls look out into a busy upscale neighborhood, filled with restaurants, apartments and offices. Valeti says the glass walls are intentional — to signal transparency. “To create a paradigm change, people should be able to walk through and see and believe it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upside Foods could have lots of competition once cultivated meats enter the market. More than \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2021-Cultivated-Meat-State-of-the-Industry-Report-1.pdf\">80 companies (PDF)\u003c/a> are staking a future in the space. For instance, \u003ca href=\"https://www.goodmeat.co/\">Good Meat\u003c/a>, part of Eat Just, Inc., will serve its cultivated chicken at the COP-27 climate conference this week, after debuting its product \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-10/eat-just-to-open-asia-s-largest-cultivated-meat-facility-in-2023\">in Singapore\u003c/a>. Also, \u003ca href=\"https://scififoods.com/\">Sci-Fi Foods\u003c/a>, founded by self-proclaimed “burger-obsessed food lovers” aims to blend cultivated beef with a plant-based recipe to produce a hybrid burger that, they say, will be better for the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932332\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932332\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"tanks in a factory\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The cultivation room at Upside Foods. \u003ccite>(David Kay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The acceleration in investment comes as more consumers connect the dots between what they eat and the environment. An estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-021-00225-9\">one third of all human-induced greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a> come from food production and scientists warn it’s nearly impossible to meet climate goals \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/08/08/748416223/to-slow-global-warming-u-n-warns-agriculture-must-change\">without changing agriculture\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say beef has an especially \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/insights/6-pressing-questions-about-beef-and-climate-change-answered\">large environmental impact\u003c/a> because it requires a lot of land to graze animals and is a leading source of methane emissions. By comparison, it takes \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/insights/2018-will-see-high-meat-consumption-us-american-diet-shifting\">much less land\u003c/a> and grain to raise chickens. However, concentrated poultry operations are linked to \u003ca href=\"https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2020/05/01/report-finds-poultry-farming-sends-more-pollution-to-chesapeake-bay-than-previously-thought/\">water pollution\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, concentrated \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/npdes/animal-feeding-operations-afos\">animal feeding operations\u003c/a> are a risk factor for the emergence of diseases that spread between animals and people, as a U.N. report from 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-07/UNEP-Preventing-the-next-pandemic.pdf\">Preventing the Next Pandemic (PDF)\u003c/a>, warned.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A move from medicine to meat\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Valeti’s leap from cardiology to food innovation was inspired by a belief that there was a better way to bring meat to the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recalls working in a campus dining hall in medical school. He was sent to a slaughterhouse where he saw hundreds of chickens hanging on a production line. “They were literally moving past at blazing speed, they’d be upside down with blood everywhere,” Valeti recalls. “That was an image that just stayed in my head.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He became a vegetarian, but he knew many people are resolute carnivores. Despite calls from climate change scientists to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/01/27/688765872/this-diet-is-better-for-the-planet-but-is-it-better-for-you-too\">eat less meat\u003c/a>, the globe is demanding more of it. Americans now eat \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/statistics/per-capita-consumption-of-poultry-and-livestock-1965-to-estimated-2012-in-pounds/\">more than 220 pounds of meat per person, per year\u003c/a>, compared to 193 pounds a year in the early 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his aha moment in the cardiology lab, Valeti became convinced he could develop a viable technique for cultivating meat from animal cells. “Once I got that idea into my head it was nearly impossible to get out,” Valeti recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932333\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932333\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"two men in an office smile over a plate of grilled chicken\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Upside Foods CEO Uma Valeti (right) prepares to sample a recently cooked chicken breast. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He began raising money and started Upside (formerly called \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2020/01/22/798515259/ready-for-meat-grown-from-animal-cells-a-startup-plans-a-pilot-plant\">Memphis Meats\u003c/a>) in 2015. At the time his two children were young, and his wife, also a doctor, was supportive of the decision despite the risks involved in a start-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s won over plenty of investors along the way, including Bill Gates and venture capitalist John Doerr, and the company is now \u003ca href=\"https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/upside-foods/company_financials\">valued\u003c/a> at more than a billion dollars. Some of the largest companies involved in traditional meat production, including Tyson and Cargill, have also invested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the idea of meat grown in tanks elicits an “ick” response from many people, the emerging industry sees market potential. According to consumer research, 88% of Gen Z consumers in the U.S. say they’d be somewhat \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2021-Cultivated-Meat-State-of-the-Industry-Report-1.pdf\">open to trying cultivated meat (PDF)\u003c/a>, compared with about 72% of baby boomers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel super bullish on the prospects for plant-based meat as well as cultivated meat,” says \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/team/bruce-friedrich/\">Bruce Friedrich\u003c/a> of the Good Food Institute which tracks \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2021-Cultivated-Meat-State-of-the-Industry-Report-1.pdf\">investment trends (PDF)\u003c/a> and lobbies for alternative proteins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate-conscious consumers would be likely early adopters, Friedrich says, but for the market to really take off, the products need to taste great and be cost-competitive, he says. “Until they get there, they’re going to stay niche,” Friedrich predicts. “Price and taste are why people make their food decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I asked Valeti about price parity with conventional meat he said the goal is to be price-competitive. “It will take time to build,” Valeti acknowledged. As for taste, he says his team is ready to wow consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932334\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932334\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-800x978.jpg\" alt=\"fake chicken breast is prepared\" width=\"800\" height=\"978\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-800x978.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-1020x1247.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-160x196.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-1256x1536.jpg 1256w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-1675x2048.jpg 1675w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-1920x2347.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chicken breast is prepared at Upside Foods. Upside Foods is one of the biggest companies in the cultivated meats space, having raised upwards of $1 billion to continue research and development. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A visit to the test kitchen\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>During our visit, we stopped in the company’s state-of-the-art test kitchen for a taste of Upside Foods’ chicken. I was asked to sign a waiver before tasting it, because it’s not yet legal to sell cell-cultured meat in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was served a piece of their chicken, pan-fried in a white-wine butter sauce. My first reaction: “It’s delicious.” (Isn’t everything in wine-butter sauce?) And the texture was chewy, closely replicating the texture of chicken breast (minus bones, and tough bits or gristle.) “It tastes like chicken,” I said, to which Valeti quickly replied, “It\u003cem> is\u003c/em> chicken!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took Valeti and his team years to develop the technology behind these tasty bites. A key challenge was creating the feed for the cells. Cells need a mix of proteins, carbohydrates and fats (just as animals do) but, designing the exact formulation was part alchemy, and a lot of trial and error.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feed needed to maximize growth, but also produce a good taste, texture and nutritional value. He quickly realized no single scientist had the skills to figure this out alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A muscle biologist can focus on growth, but he brought in nutritional biochemists and engineers to tackle the competing challenges linked to taste and growth. “We had to develop a multidisciplinary team of scientists,” Valeti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture are working together on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2019/03/07/usda-and-fda-announce-formal-agreement-regulate-cell-cultured-food\">regulatory framework\u003c/a> “to help move these innovative products along into the U.S. market, as long as we’re making sure that everything can be done safely and with appropriate labeling,” Susan Mayne, Director of the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition at the FDA told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upside Food’s pre-market consultation was the first to be completed, and the FDA says it will review each company’s submission separately. “We encourage firms to have these conversations with us often and early in their product development phase,” an FDA spokesperson wrote in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2022/09/12/executive-order-on-advancing-biotechnology-and-biomanufacturing-innovation-for-a-sustainable-safe-and-secure-american-bioeconomy/\">executive order\u003c/a> from the Biden administration, which calls for advancing innovative solutions in climate change and food security, including “cultivating alternative food sources,” was viewed by many in the nascent cultivated food industry as a sign of increased momentum toward approval. The USDA is currently developing \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2021/09/02/usda-seeks-comments-labeling-meat-and-poultry-products-derived\">labeling requirements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932335\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932335\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"chicken breast prepared on a grill with tongs\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-2048x1362.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of Upside Foods’ many competitors, Good Meat, will serve its cultivated chicken at the COP-27 climate conference this week, after debuting its product in Singapore. Good Meat is one of the bigger companies in the cultivated meats space. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Debates over health and environmental impact\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are debates about whether cultivated meat is healthy — or potentially healthier than conventional meat. “It’s a very nuanced question without a very simple answer,” explains \u003ca href=\"https://ph.ucla.edu/faculty/hunnes\">Dana Hunnes\u003c/a>, a registered dietitian at UCLA Medical Center. Opinions tend to reflect the range of views about meat in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hunnes says cultivated meat may not appeal to vegans or vegetarians. She points to the healthfulness of plant-based diets, which is the diet she follows, and says some people don’t want to eat meat, no matter how it’s produced. Also, the cultivated meat industry has relied on fetal bovine serum from cows as a growth medium for the cells, though Upside Foods has developed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/upside-foods-acf-cell-media/\">animal component-free alternative\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most Americans are meat-eaters, and dieticians say meat is a good source of protein and important micronutrients including B vitamins. Part of the intrigue of cultivated meat is that it can be altered for improved nutrition. For instance, if cells were fed omega-3 fatty acids during the growing process, then, in theory, these heart-healthy fats could be absorbed into the meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is possible to create a so-called healthier version of the meat,” Hunnes says, though much of this has not yet been explored since the industry is so new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932337\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932337\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"scientists in a lab\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-2048x1362.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists at Good Meat work on cell cultures which will be used for the company’s cultivated meats. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From a public health perspective, a potential advantage of cultivated meat is the fact that without live animals to catch and spread disease, no antibiotics are needed in production facilities and there’s decreased likelihood of foodborne illness from intestinal pathogens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, salmonella, a bacteria that lives in animal intestines and is shed through their feces, would not be present in a cultivated meat production facility. “From a food safety standpoint, it probably has a one up” on the traditional meat industry, Hunnes says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because this is a new industry, there are potential unknowns. Some scientists say it’s possible that \u003ca href=\"https://ojs.qiu.edu.my/journal/index.php/qijmhs/article/view/48\">unforeseen biological mechanisms \u003c/a>could occur as the meat grows, such as cells multiplying in unpredictable ways. There’s a continued need for research as the industry heads toward commercialization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932338\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-71_custom-54a2bbfc86d23316472489ee7440320ed2d61e54.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11932338\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-71_custom-54a2bbfc86d23316472489ee7440320ed2d61e54.jpg\" alt=\"a portrait of a man in a lab coat and glasses\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-71_custom-54a2bbfc86d23316472489ee7440320ed2d61e54.jpg 200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-71_custom-54a2bbfc86d23316472489ee7440320ed2d61e54-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Upside Foods CEO Uma Valeti. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first cultivated meat products were produced from cells biopsied directly from live animals. But this process isn’t efficient. Over the last few years, start-ups have worked to identify “immortalized” cell lines, that “can be grown almost indefinitely without having to go back to the animal,” explains David Kaplan, professor of biomedical engineering of Tufts University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His lab received a \u003ca href=\"https://now.tufts.edu/2021/10/15/tufts-receives-10-million-grant-help-develop-cultivated-meat\">$10 million grant \u003c/a>from the USDA to help develop the cultured meat industry. “We need more and more,” immortalized cell lines, Kaplan says, as the industry looks to expand to different types of meat, poultry and fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another unknown is the exact climate impact of cultivated meat. Researchers at the University of Oxford modeled the \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00005/full\">potential climate change impact of cattle compared to cultivated meat\u003c/a>. One advantage of cultivated meat is that it will not produce methane emissions, which is a potent greenhouse gas produced by cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the cultivated meat industry will contribute to CO2 emissions, given that its production facilities will use electricity. The researchers conclude that the relative impact will be determined by whether — or how quickly — the energy used to power the cultivated meat production facilities comes from clean-energy, or decarbonized energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Culinary future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Valeti, the potential benefits of cultivated meat are too important not to try to overcome the obstacles. He sees a future with a better alternative to the current system of producing meat, and he’s determined to create it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valeti says, ultimately, as a doctor he might have been able to help a few thousand patients during his career. But, by taking the leap to cultivated meat, with its potential promise to overhaul meat production, he believes he can have a larger impact. “This could literally affect billions of human lives and save potentially trillions of animal lives,” Valeti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While awaiting regulatory approval, he’s moving forward to bring the product to people’s plates. He has signed a partnership with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ateliercrenn.com/\">Dominique Crenn,\u003c/a> the co-owner and chef of the three-Michelin-starred restaurant Atelier Crenn in San Francisco, who has agreed to provide culinary consulting and recipe development and — once the new product is approved for market — to serve Upside’s cultivated chicken at her restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=From+science+fiction+to+reality%2C+%27no+kill%27+meat+may+be+coming+soon&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>New owner Elon Musk has told remaining Twitter employees they will need to decide by Thursday afternoon whether to stay at the company or quit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to staff entitled \"A Fork in the Road,\" Musk said Twitter would \"need to be extremely hardcore\" to succeed. Those who choose to stay should expect long, intense hours of work. Those who leave will receive three months' severance pay, he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the ultimatum, first reported by \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/16/musk-twitter-email-ultimatum-termination/\">\u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Musk wrote that he values engineers over designers, project managers and other staff in what he envisions will be \"a software and servers company.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The combative message is the latest sign of escalating tensions inside Twitter, a company that has been beset by chaos and confusion since the billionaire's $44 billion takeover in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk immediately fired top executives. Since then, he's laid off about half of the staff, or roughly 3,700 employees, and fired others after they publicly criticized him. People who held key roles in divisions including content moderation, cybersecurity and legal compliance have resigned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has claimed his shakeup is part of an effort to make Twitter more profitable, something that has long been a struggle for the platform. He also says the company needs to move away from advertising and derive most of its revenue from other sources, like Twitter Blue, the now-paused service that was revamped under Musk and had a tumultuous premiere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One issue hanging over the company: its financial outlook now that it is newly saddled with debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk borrowed $13 billion to buy Twitter in a purchase widely seen as overpriced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ad sales, which make up nearly all of its revenue, have dropped as advertisers take a wait-and-see approach to both the broader economy and Musk's leadership of Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Twitter is estimated to have a $1 billion debt service payment on the debt Musk secured to complete his takeover, and the company's ability to make that payment has been in question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has even floated the possibility of possible bankruptcy, which would allow Twitter to restructure its debt, but remains unclear how serious Musk was about that threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Bobby Allyn contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>New owner Elon Musk has told remaining Twitter employees they will need to decide by Thursday afternoon whether to stay at the company or quit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to staff entitled \"A Fork in the Road,\" Musk said Twitter would \"need to be extremely hardcore\" to succeed. Those who choose to stay should expect long, intense hours of work. Those who leave will receive three months' severance pay, he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the ultimatum, first reported by \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/16/musk-twitter-email-ultimatum-termination/\">\u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Musk wrote that he values engineers over designers, project managers and other staff in what he envisions will be \"a software and servers company.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The combative message is the latest sign of escalating tensions inside Twitter, a company that has been beset by chaos and confusion since the billionaire's $44 billion takeover in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk immediately fired top executives. Since then, he's laid off about half of the staff, or roughly 3,700 employees, and fired others after they publicly criticized him. People who held key roles in divisions including content moderation, cybersecurity and legal compliance have resigned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has claimed his shakeup is part of an effort to make Twitter more profitable, something that has long been a struggle for the platform. He also says the company needs to move away from advertising and derive most of its revenue from other sources, like Twitter Blue, the now-paused service that was revamped under Musk and had a tumultuous premiere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One issue hanging over the company: its financial outlook now that it is newly saddled with debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk borrowed $13 billion to buy Twitter in a purchase widely seen as overpriced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ad sales, which make up nearly all of its revenue, have dropped as advertisers take a wait-and-see approach to both the broader economy and Musk's leadership of Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Twitter is estimated to have a $1 billion debt service payment on the debt Musk secured to complete his takeover, and the company's ability to make that payment has been in question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has even floated the possibility of possible bankruptcy, which would allow Twitter to restructure its debt, but remains unclear how serious Musk was about that threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Bobby Allyn contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It wasn’t the red wave many top Republicans predicted, but the GOP eked out enough wins in contested seats to gain control of the House of Representatives, according to The Associated Press. With some races still not called a week after Election Day, Republicans picked up at least 218 seats, and will take over the chamber next year with GOP leaders facing blowback about failing to deliver in what many considered a favorable political environment for their party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potentially single-digit margin ushers in a new era of divided government in Washington. Going into the 2022 midterm elections, Democrats knew historic trends would favor that the party out of power gains seats. House Democrats’ razor-thin five-seat majority, plus a significant number of retirements by veteran members, set up an uphill battle for them to retain power. Yet despite those historical headwinds, Democrats did much better than expected in this year’s midterms and kept control of the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Republican House will likely clash on most issues with a Democratic Senate in 2023, with bitter fights over basic functions like funding the government threatening to paralyze Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GOP candidates hoped to capitalize on voter frustration with the rising costs of groceries and gas, framing the election as a referendum on President Joe Biden and his party’s rule of both the White House and Congress. But voters in exit polls indicated other issues like abortion rights and protecting democracy factored into their decisions at the ballot box. Redistricting in New York and Florida also helped the GOP overcome lackluster results in most of the races rated as toss-ups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time the president and top congressional leaders were from different parties was 2019, when Democrats regained control of the House in the 2018 midterms, two years after former President Donald Trump was elected president. A new House Republican majority will mean President Biden’s legislative agenda is essentially dead, unless he can find bipartisan support for some narrowly crafted proposals. Biden’s focus during the next two years of his presidency will likely be spent defending his signature accomplishments, like a bill lowering prescription drug prices and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/17/1117725655/the-spending-bill-will-cut-emissions-but-marginalized-groups-feel-they-were-sold\">investing\u003c/a> hundreds of billions of dollars to tackle climate change. GOP lawmakers have already said they want to roll back some of Biden’s programs, or defund many of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden White House will also face an onslaught of investigations on a wide range of issues. Top GOP members on the House Oversight and Judiciary committees have already said they \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/04/1134449665/republicans-investigation-fbi-doj-midterms\">plan to probe\u003c/a> the business dealings of Biden’s son, Hunter Biden, the president’s border policies, the origins of the coronavirus, and the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan. But because the margin is so slim there may be pressure from more moderate Republicans to pull back on some of the probes and instead focus on issues that show a GOP chamber can govern.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New speaker of the House, new agenda\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., is poised to take the gavel as speaker in January when the new Congress is sworn in and the full chamber votes on the top position, which is second in line to the presidency, after the vice president. McCarthy is a longtime ally of former President Donald Trump and will manage a GOP conference with many members largely loyal to Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though McCarthy is on track to win an internal vote for the post this week he doesn’t have the 218 votes now that he will need in the public vote on January 3, when the new Congress elects a speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarthy first ran for speaker in 2015 to succeed Speaker John Boehner, who was retiring. But he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/10/08/446889538/mccarthy-drops-out-of-speaker-race-throwing-gop-leadership-into-chaos\">abruptly withdrew\u003c/a> from the race, a sign he recognized he didn’t have the votes. He went on to serve as House Speaker Paul Ryan’s number two at the leadership table, and since then has developed close relationships with many of the conservatives who derailed his initial bid for the top slot. McCarthy is regarded as skilled at developing personal relationships across his conference after years of criss-crossing the country campaigning and raising money for GOP candidates. But he has not developed much of a record as a legislator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarthy and top GOP leaders unveiled\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/22/1124486339/house-gop-unveils-its-legislative-roadmap-if-they-win-back-the-house-in-november\"> their agenda\u003c/a>, called a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.republicanleader.gov/commitment/\">Commitment to America\u003c/a>” in September. It focuses on broad goals in four areas: the economy, security, personal freedom and government accountability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep Jim. Jordan, who is expected to take the gavel as the chair of the House Judiciary Committee sent letters to \u003ca href=\"https://republicans-judiciary.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-02-JDJ-to-Garland-re-responsiveness-politicization.pdf\">Attorney General Merrick Garland (PDF) \u003c/a>and FBI Director \u003ca href=\"https://republicans-judiciary.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-02-JDJ-to-Wray-re-responsiveness.pdf\">Christopher Wray (PDF)\u003c/a> the week before the election outlining lengthy lists of materials the panel was seeking and directing the agency heads to preserve materials ahead of continuing probes in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans also plan to change House rules that currently allow for proxy voting — a practice Democrats put into place during the coronavirus pandemic. They also pledge to remove the magnetometers that were placed at entrances to the House floor following the January 6 attack on the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Questions about future of Democratic leaders, leftover business\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., 82, has not announced whether she will run to lead the House Democratic Caucus. In 2007, Pelosi became the first woman to be speaker, shattering the so-called marble ceiling in Congress. She took the gavel a second time in 2019, after leading her party back to the majority, but indicated that she would abide by a pledge that helped her secure the votes for speaker to term limit her tenure in leadership. Many newer members have expressed support for paving the way for a new, likely younger Democrat to take the helm of the caucus. The current caucus chair, Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, D-N.Y., is expected to run for the post as minority leader if Pelosi decides to retire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Democrats’ strong performance in the midterms has frozen any movement to replace Pelosi. She says some of her colleagues are urging her to run again for the top leadership post, and says the attack on her husband Paul Pelosi roughly 10 days before the election will impact her decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Republicans take control of the chamber, Congress is already preparing for a lame duck session that is expected to stretch into the end of the year. Leaders hope to finalize a bipartisan budget deal to fund government agencies through the rest of the fiscal year and avoid a possible government shutdown. Pelosi also indicated that she would like Congress to raise the debt limit to avoid any contentious debate and threat of default early next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic leaders also plan to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/21/1124239193/house-legislation-electoral-count-act-reform\">pass legislation \u003c/a>that would clarify how Congress certifies the results of presidential elections with a revamp of the Electoral Count Act, a law first enacted in 1887. Confusion over provisions of the law was exploited by Trump and his allies on January 6, 2021 and lawmakers say the new law is needed to prevent another attack on the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It wasn’t the red wave many top Republicans predicted, but the GOP eked out enough wins in contested seats to gain control of the House of Representatives, according to The Associated Press. With some races still not called a week after Election Day, Republicans picked up at least 218 seats, and will take over the chamber next year with GOP leaders facing blowback about failing to deliver in what many considered a favorable political environment for their party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potentially single-digit margin ushers in a new era of divided government in Washington. Going into the 2022 midterm elections, Democrats knew historic trends would favor that the party out of power gains seats. House Democrats’ razor-thin five-seat majority, plus a significant number of retirements by veteran members, set up an uphill battle for them to retain power. Yet despite those historical headwinds, Democrats did much better than expected in this year’s midterms and kept control of the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Republican House will likely clash on most issues with a Democratic Senate in 2023, with bitter fights over basic functions like funding the government threatening to paralyze Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GOP candidates hoped to capitalize on voter frustration with the rising costs of groceries and gas, framing the election as a referendum on President Joe Biden and his party’s rule of both the White House and Congress. But voters in exit polls indicated other issues like abortion rights and protecting democracy factored into their decisions at the ballot box. Redistricting in New York and Florida also helped the GOP overcome lackluster results in most of the races rated as toss-ups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time the president and top congressional leaders were from different parties was 2019, when Democrats regained control of the House in the 2018 midterms, two years after former President Donald Trump was elected president. A new House Republican majority will mean President Biden’s legislative agenda is essentially dead, unless he can find bipartisan support for some narrowly crafted proposals. Biden’s focus during the next two years of his presidency will likely be spent defending his signature accomplishments, like a bill lowering prescription drug prices and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/17/1117725655/the-spending-bill-will-cut-emissions-but-marginalized-groups-feel-they-were-sold\">investing\u003c/a> hundreds of billions of dollars to tackle climate change. GOP lawmakers have already said they want to roll back some of Biden’s programs, or defund many of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden White House will also face an onslaught of investigations on a wide range of issues. Top GOP members on the House Oversight and Judiciary committees have already said they \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/04/1134449665/republicans-investigation-fbi-doj-midterms\">plan to probe\u003c/a> the business dealings of Biden’s son, Hunter Biden, the president’s border policies, the origins of the coronavirus, and the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan. But because the margin is so slim there may be pressure from more moderate Republicans to pull back on some of the probes and instead focus on issues that show a GOP chamber can govern.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New speaker of the House, new agenda\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., is poised to take the gavel as speaker in January when the new Congress is sworn in and the full chamber votes on the top position, which is second in line to the presidency, after the vice president. McCarthy is a longtime ally of former President Donald Trump and will manage a GOP conference with many members largely loyal to Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though McCarthy is on track to win an internal vote for the post this week he doesn’t have the 218 votes now that he will need in the public vote on January 3, when the new Congress elects a speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarthy first ran for speaker in 2015 to succeed Speaker John Boehner, who was retiring. But he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/10/08/446889538/mccarthy-drops-out-of-speaker-race-throwing-gop-leadership-into-chaos\">abruptly withdrew\u003c/a> from the race, a sign he recognized he didn’t have the votes. He went on to serve as House Speaker Paul Ryan’s number two at the leadership table, and since then has developed close relationships with many of the conservatives who derailed his initial bid for the top slot. McCarthy is regarded as skilled at developing personal relationships across his conference after years of criss-crossing the country campaigning and raising money for GOP candidates. But he has not developed much of a record as a legislator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarthy and top GOP leaders unveiled\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/22/1124486339/house-gop-unveils-its-legislative-roadmap-if-they-win-back-the-house-in-november\"> their agenda\u003c/a>, called a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.republicanleader.gov/commitment/\">Commitment to America\u003c/a>” in September. It focuses on broad goals in four areas: the economy, security, personal freedom and government accountability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep Jim. Jordan, who is expected to take the gavel as the chair of the House Judiciary Committee sent letters to \u003ca href=\"https://republicans-judiciary.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-02-JDJ-to-Garland-re-responsiveness-politicization.pdf\">Attorney General Merrick Garland (PDF) \u003c/a>and FBI Director \u003ca href=\"https://republicans-judiciary.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-02-JDJ-to-Wray-re-responsiveness.pdf\">Christopher Wray (PDF)\u003c/a> the week before the election outlining lengthy lists of materials the panel was seeking and directing the agency heads to preserve materials ahead of continuing probes in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans also plan to change House rules that currently allow for proxy voting — a practice Democrats put into place during the coronavirus pandemic. They also pledge to remove the magnetometers that were placed at entrances to the House floor following the January 6 attack on the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Questions about future of Democratic leaders, leftover business\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., 82, has not announced whether she will run to lead the House Democratic Caucus. In 2007, Pelosi became the first woman to be speaker, shattering the so-called marble ceiling in Congress. She took the gavel a second time in 2019, after leading her party back to the majority, but indicated that she would abide by a pledge that helped her secure the votes for speaker to term limit her tenure in leadership. Many newer members have expressed support for paving the way for a new, likely younger Democrat to take the helm of the caucus. The current caucus chair, Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, D-N.Y., is expected to run for the post as minority leader if Pelosi decides to retire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Democrats’ strong performance in the midterms has frozen any movement to replace Pelosi. She says some of her colleagues are urging her to run again for the top leadership post, and says the attack on her husband Paul Pelosi roughly 10 days before the election will impact her decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Republicans take control of the chamber, Congress is already preparing for a lame duck session that is expected to stretch into the end of the year. Leaders hope to finalize a bipartisan budget deal to fund government agencies through the rest of the fiscal year and avoid a possible government shutdown. Pelosi also indicated that she would like Congress to raise the debt limit to avoid any contentious debate and threat of default early next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic leaders also plan to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/21/1124239193/house-legislation-electoral-count-act-reform\">pass legislation \u003c/a>that would clarify how Congress certifies the results of presidential elections with a revamp of the Electoral Count Act, a law first enacted in 1887. Confusion over provisions of the law was exploited by Trump and his allies on January 6, 2021 and lawmakers say the new law is needed to prevent another attack on the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For more than two decades, the U.S. tech industry has been a reliable source of booming stocks and cushy, high-paid jobs. In the span of weeks, the sheen has faded and the ax has fallen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 24,000 tech workers across 72 companies have been laid off this month, adding to a total of 120,000 tech jobs lost this year, \u003ca href=\"https://layoffs.fyi/\">according to layoffs.fyi\u003c/a>, which tracks job cuts in the tech industry. It’s safe to say a reckoning is underway, even as each company is grappling with its own challenges. (See: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/12/1136205315/musk-twitter-bankruptcy-how-likely\">Twitter\u003c/a>.)[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11931311,forum_2010101891200,news_11931727\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the companies making public statements have cited at least one of two primary causes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, they hired a lot of employees during the pandemic, when people were extremely online. Now, the internet boom has faded, offline life has picked up, and those new employees seem too expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, broader economic wobbles have made brands more reluctant to spend on digital ads — a source of revenue for many tech companies. High interest rates have put an end to the cheap-money era of venture capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the companies that have announced the biggest job cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Amazon: a reported 10,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The online retail and cloud computing behemoth plans to lay off some 10,000 employees in corporate and technology jobs,\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/14/technology/amazon-layoffs.html\"> \u003cem>The New York Times \u003c/em>was the first to report\u003c/a> on Monday. Amazon did not reply to an NPR request for confirmation of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this fall, Amazon employed more than 1.5 million full- and part-time workers around the world, many in warehouses. The 10,000 expected layoffs would comprise about 3% of Amazon’s corporate employees, according to the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em>, and a significantly smaller share of its overall workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cuts reportedly will focus on Amazon’s devices division, including Alexa, the company’s virtual assistant technology, as well as its retail and human resources divisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/workplace/a-note-about-hiring-from-beth-galetti\">announced a hiring freeze\u003c/a> on corporate jobs. “We’re facing an unusual macro-economic environment, and want to balance our hiring and investments with being thoughtful about this economy,” wrote Beth Galetti, Amazon’s senior vice president of people experience and technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Meta: 11,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Facebook and Instagram’s parent company, Meta, laid off 11,000 people last week — about 13% of its staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Mark Zuckerberg attributed the cuts to overhiring during the pandemic. In a letter to staff\u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2022/11/mark-zuckerberg-layoff-message-to-employees/\"> posted to the corporate website\u003c/a>, he cited a decline in e-commerce, the wider economic downturn, increased competition, and a decline in ad sales–the primary way the company makes money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got this wrong, and I take responsibility for that,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932364\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932364\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"a man in a black turtleneck explains something on a screen\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg made big investments in the “metaverse,” which he showed off during a virtual event last year. Last week, Zuckerberg announced the company was laying off 13% of its staff. \u003ccite>(Eric Risberg/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The layoffs come as the company has invested billions in the so-called metaverse, pitched as a virtual-reality future in which people will work, mingle, exercise and go to concerts. But it’s an unproven bet on the future, and not all everyone is convinced it should be the social media company’s focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg said the workforce cuts would affect the whole organization, with recruiting staff disproportionately affected due to fewer hires anticipated in the coming year. A hiring freeze through the first quarter of 2023 will continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Twitter: about 3,700 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Billionaire Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk bought the social media platform at the end of October and wasted no time slashing its workforce. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/27/1132153277/elon-musk-takes-control-of-twitter-and-immediately-ousts-top-executives\">immediately ousted\u003c/a> the company’s leadership, including its CEO, CFO, and top lawyer. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/04/1134263184/twitter-layoffs-elon-musk\">Mass layoffs were announced\u003c/a> on November 4, with about 50% of the staff cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Regarding Twitter’s reduction in force, unfortunately there is no choice when the company is losing over $4M/day,”\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1588671155766194176\"> Musk tweeted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Co-founder and former CEO Jack Dorsey \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jack/status/1588913276980633600\">tweeted \u003c/a>that he accepted blame for hiring too many workers in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I own the responsibility for why everyone is in this situation: I grew the company size too quickly. I apologize for that,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk’s $44 billion purchase of Twitter — which he tried to get out of for several months — has saddled the company with $13 billion of new debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His short tenure at the top of Twitter has been marked by hasty changes quickly halted, including his plan for a revamped Twitter Blue verification service, which charged $8 a month to get a blue checkmark on one’s account. Accounts impersonating celebrities, major corporations, and Musk himself proliferated immediately, spurring Twitter to halt Twitter Blue signups\u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/timeline-elon-musks-chaotic-twitter-blue-verification-rollout-2022-11\"> twice within a week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key executives who were not fired, including Twitter’s head of content moderation and safety on the platform, and the company’s chief privacy officer and compliance officer,\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/10/twitter-security-resignations/\"> resigned last week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Stripe: about 1,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Payment processing platform Stripe\u003ca href=\"https://stripe.com/newsroom/news/ceo-patrick-collisons-email-to-stripe-employees\"> announced on November 3\u003c/a> that it was cutting 14% of its workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stripe CEO Patrick Collison wrote in an email to employees that the pandemic pushed the world toward e-commerce, spurring the company’s growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CEO said he and his brother and co-founder John Collison had made “two very consequential mistakes”: being too optimistic about the internet economy’s near-term growth, and growing Stripe’s operating costs too quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are facing stubborn inflation, energy shocks, higher interest rates, reduced investment budgets, and sparser startup funding. … [M]any parts of the developed world appear to be headed for recession. We think that 2022 represents the beginning of a different economic climate,” Collison wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Salesforce: hundreds of jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Salesforce, which makes cloud-based business software, laid off some of its employees last week,\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/08/salesforce-cut-hundreds-of-employees-on-monday.html\"> CNBC reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salesforce said in a statement to NPR: “Our sales performance process drives accountability. Unfortunately, that can lead to some leaving the business, and we support them through their transition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A source familiar with the cuts said they affected hundreds of employees in the sales organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Microsoft: fewer than 1,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The software company made cuts across its divisions last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2022/10/18/microsoft-layoffs-latest-tech-firm-cuts\">Axios reported\u003c/a>. Fewer than 1,000 jobs were cut, a source told Axios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A request for confirmation of the layoffs was not immediately returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Zillow, Snap and Robinhood\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Zillow, the online real estate marketplace, laid off 300 of its employees late last month, TechCrunch \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2022/10/26/zillow-layoff-300-employees/\">reported\u003c/a>. The company \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/03/1051941654/zillow-will-stop-buying-and-renovating-homes-and-cut-25-of-its-workforce\">laid off 25% of its workforce \u003c/a>a year ago as it shuttered its instant buying service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snap, the company behind Snapchat, said at the end of August that it was \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.snap.com/en-US/restructuring-and-refocusing-our-business\">cutting its workforce by 20%\u003c/a>. The layoffs affected some 1,200 employees, with the company’s full-time workforce about 6,400 as of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinhood, the brokerage app company, \u003ca href=\"https://blog.robinhood.com/news/2022/8/2/a-message-from-our-ceo-and-co-founder-vlad-tenev\">laid off 23% of its workforce\u003c/a> in August. That amounted to 780 employees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-02/robinhood-cuts-23-of-workforce-in-sweeping-reorganization?leadSource=uverify%20wall\">according to Bloomberg\u003c/a>. The company had already reduced its staff by 9% in April. “This did not go far enough,” wrote Robinhood CEO Vlad Tenev.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Alina Selyukh contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=It%27s+the+end+of+the+boom+times+in+tech%2C+as+layoffs+keep+mounting&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For more than two decades, the U.S. tech industry has been a reliable source of booming stocks and cushy, high-paid jobs. In the span of weeks, the sheen has faded and the ax has fallen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 24,000 tech workers across 72 companies have been laid off this month, adding to a total of 120,000 tech jobs lost this year, \u003ca href=\"https://layoffs.fyi/\">according to layoffs.fyi\u003c/a>, which tracks job cuts in the tech industry. It’s safe to say a reckoning is underway, even as each company is grappling with its own challenges. (See: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/12/1136205315/musk-twitter-bankruptcy-how-likely\">Twitter\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the companies making public statements have cited at least one of two primary causes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, they hired a lot of employees during the pandemic, when people were extremely online. Now, the internet boom has faded, offline life has picked up, and those new employees seem too expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, broader economic wobbles have made brands more reluctant to spend on digital ads — a source of revenue for many tech companies. High interest rates have put an end to the cheap-money era of venture capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the companies that have announced the biggest job cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Amazon: a reported 10,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The online retail and cloud computing behemoth plans to lay off some 10,000 employees in corporate and technology jobs,\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/14/technology/amazon-layoffs.html\"> \u003cem>The New York Times \u003c/em>was the first to report\u003c/a> on Monday. Amazon did not reply to an NPR request for confirmation of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this fall, Amazon employed more than 1.5 million full- and part-time workers around the world, many in warehouses. The 10,000 expected layoffs would comprise about 3% of Amazon’s corporate employees, according to the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em>, and a significantly smaller share of its overall workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cuts reportedly will focus on Amazon’s devices division, including Alexa, the company’s virtual assistant technology, as well as its retail and human resources divisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/workplace/a-note-about-hiring-from-beth-galetti\">announced a hiring freeze\u003c/a> on corporate jobs. “We’re facing an unusual macro-economic environment, and want to balance our hiring and investments with being thoughtful about this economy,” wrote Beth Galetti, Amazon’s senior vice president of people experience and technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Meta: 11,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Facebook and Instagram’s parent company, Meta, laid off 11,000 people last week — about 13% of its staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Mark Zuckerberg attributed the cuts to overhiring during the pandemic. In a letter to staff\u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2022/11/mark-zuckerberg-layoff-message-to-employees/\"> posted to the corporate website\u003c/a>, he cited a decline in e-commerce, the wider economic downturn, increased competition, and a decline in ad sales–the primary way the company makes money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got this wrong, and I take responsibility for that,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932364\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932364\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"a man in a black turtleneck explains something on a screen\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg made big investments in the “metaverse,” which he showed off during a virtual event last year. Last week, Zuckerberg announced the company was laying off 13% of its staff. \u003ccite>(Eric Risberg/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The layoffs come as the company has invested billions in the so-called metaverse, pitched as a virtual-reality future in which people will work, mingle, exercise and go to concerts. But it’s an unproven bet on the future, and not all everyone is convinced it should be the social media company’s focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg said the workforce cuts would affect the whole organization, with recruiting staff disproportionately affected due to fewer hires anticipated in the coming year. A hiring freeze through the first quarter of 2023 will continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Twitter: about 3,700 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Billionaire Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk bought the social media platform at the end of October and wasted no time slashing its workforce. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/27/1132153277/elon-musk-takes-control-of-twitter-and-immediately-ousts-top-executives\">immediately ousted\u003c/a> the company’s leadership, including its CEO, CFO, and top lawyer. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/04/1134263184/twitter-layoffs-elon-musk\">Mass layoffs were announced\u003c/a> on November 4, with about 50% of the staff cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Regarding Twitter’s reduction in force, unfortunately there is no choice when the company is losing over $4M/day,”\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1588671155766194176\"> Musk tweeted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Co-founder and former CEO Jack Dorsey \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jack/status/1588913276980633600\">tweeted \u003c/a>that he accepted blame for hiring too many workers in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I own the responsibility for why everyone is in this situation: I grew the company size too quickly. I apologize for that,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk’s $44 billion purchase of Twitter — which he tried to get out of for several months — has saddled the company with $13 billion of new debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His short tenure at the top of Twitter has been marked by hasty changes quickly halted, including his plan for a revamped Twitter Blue verification service, which charged $8 a month to get a blue checkmark on one’s account. Accounts impersonating celebrities, major corporations, and Musk himself proliferated immediately, spurring Twitter to halt Twitter Blue signups\u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/timeline-elon-musks-chaotic-twitter-blue-verification-rollout-2022-11\"> twice within a week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key executives who were not fired, including Twitter’s head of content moderation and safety on the platform, and the company’s chief privacy officer and compliance officer,\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/10/twitter-security-resignations/\"> resigned last week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Stripe: about 1,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Payment processing platform Stripe\u003ca href=\"https://stripe.com/newsroom/news/ceo-patrick-collisons-email-to-stripe-employees\"> announced on November 3\u003c/a> that it was cutting 14% of its workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stripe CEO Patrick Collison wrote in an email to employees that the pandemic pushed the world toward e-commerce, spurring the company’s growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CEO said he and his brother and co-founder John Collison had made “two very consequential mistakes”: being too optimistic about the internet economy’s near-term growth, and growing Stripe’s operating costs too quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are facing stubborn inflation, energy shocks, higher interest rates, reduced investment budgets, and sparser startup funding. … [M]any parts of the developed world appear to be headed for recession. We think that 2022 represents the beginning of a different economic climate,” Collison wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Salesforce: hundreds of jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Salesforce, which makes cloud-based business software, laid off some of its employees last week,\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/08/salesforce-cut-hundreds-of-employees-on-monday.html\"> CNBC reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salesforce said in a statement to NPR: “Our sales performance process drives accountability. Unfortunately, that can lead to some leaving the business, and we support them through their transition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A source familiar with the cuts said they affected hundreds of employees in the sales organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Microsoft: fewer than 1,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The software company made cuts across its divisions last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2022/10/18/microsoft-layoffs-latest-tech-firm-cuts\">Axios reported\u003c/a>. Fewer than 1,000 jobs were cut, a source told Axios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A request for confirmation of the layoffs was not immediately returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Zillow, Snap and Robinhood\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Zillow, the online real estate marketplace, laid off 300 of its employees late last month, TechCrunch \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2022/10/26/zillow-layoff-300-employees/\">reported\u003c/a>. The company \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/03/1051941654/zillow-will-stop-buying-and-renovating-homes-and-cut-25-of-its-workforce\">laid off 25% of its workforce \u003c/a>a year ago as it shuttered its instant buying service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snap, the company behind Snapchat, said at the end of August that it was \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.snap.com/en-US/restructuring-and-refocusing-our-business\">cutting its workforce by 20%\u003c/a>. The layoffs affected some 1,200 employees, with the company’s full-time workforce about 6,400 as of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinhood, the brokerage app company, \u003ca href=\"https://blog.robinhood.com/news/2022/8/2/a-message-from-our-ceo-and-co-founder-vlad-tenev\">laid off 23% of its workforce\u003c/a> in August. That amounted to 780 employees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-02/robinhood-cuts-23-of-workforce-in-sweeping-reorganization?leadSource=uverify%20wall\">according to Bloomberg\u003c/a>. The company had already reduced its staff by 9% in April. “This did not go far enough,” wrote Robinhood CEO Vlad Tenev.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Alina Selyukh contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=It%27s+the+end+of+the+boom+times+in+tech%2C+as+layoffs+keep+mounting&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Control of the House Is Still Up in the Air. Here's Where Things Stand",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated November 14, 2022 at 2:43 AM PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>As votes continue to trickle in, Republicans are still on track for a narrow majority in the House, but it would likely be a much smaller one than they were hoping for — and will make legislating difficult in a GOP House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are still 19 uncalled races, all except two are in the West, with millions of votes left to count in California. California traditionally takes a long time to count mail-in ballots, and this is commonplace for every recent election as it relates to House races. So it could still be days until control of the House is sorted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats also still retain a longshot chance at a majority, but they would need multiple races where Republicans are currently leading to shift their direction. That path got slightly harder overnight, as one race where they were leading has now shifted toward Republicans. (More on that path below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/11/1135921636/house-senate-results-close-margins\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>To see just how close races are, check out our graphic that shows the margins in each of the remaining uncalled House races.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Here’s where things stand, by the numbers (as of Monday, 5:43 a.m. ET):\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>At this point, Republicans lead \u003cstrong>212-204\u003c/strong>. (218 is needed for a majority.) So Republicans need to win 6 of the 19 uncalled races for House control, or 32%.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If current leads hold, Republicans would wind up with a \u003cstrong>222-213\u003c/strong> majority. That would mean Republicans \u003cem>could only lose four \u003c/em>members of their conference to pass legislation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It’s also possible that that number shrinks. Keep an eye on the 13\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> congressional district in California, for example, where the Republican currently holds an 84-vote lead with just 61% of the vote in. (A Democratic pickup there there would give Republicans a \u003cstrong>221-214\u003c/strong> majority.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Current net pickups: R+8.\u003c/strong> They have flipped 15 competitive seats to Democrats’ 7, according to the Associated Press, which makes calls for NPR. (Republicans needed a net gain of 5 pickups to take control this cycle.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Where they’re leading:\u003c/strong> Republicans currently have flipped (15) or are winning (2) in 17 seats. Democrats have flipped (7) or are winning (1) in nine seats — for \u003cstrong>R+9\u003c/strong>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Estimated Republican pick up: 7 to 11 seats.\u003c/strong> That would give Republicans just a 2- to 6-seat majority.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Democrats’ longshot path to a majority\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Democrats would need to see shifts in five races from Republican to Democrat. The most likely suspects to watch:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>CA-13\u003c/strong> (R+84 votes, 61% in)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>AZ-1 \u003c/strong>(R+894 votes, 94% in – this shifted from a Democratic lead to a Republican one overnight)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>CA-41\u003c/strong> (R+4k, 74% in)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>CA-22\u003c/strong> (R+3k, 53% in)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>AZ-6\u003c/strong> (R+2k, 89% in)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Others have slightly larger Republican leads at this point or have more vote in: CA-45, CA-27, NY-22, CO-3. CO-3 is the seat held by Rep. Lauren Boebert. She’s up only 1,110 votes, but 99% of the vote is in, and she had been down, so things look like they’re trending in her direction. But we will continue to monitor closely.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sending messages\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Republicans flipped OR-5 after an Associated Press call Sunday night. That was a seat previously held by Democratic Rep. Kurt Schrader, who was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/26/1101626629/clackamas-count-ballot-issue-schrader-mcleod-skinner-oregon-5th\">ousted in a primary earlier this year by a more progressive challenger\u003c/a>. Schrader, a centrist, had President Biden’s endorsement, and party leaders believed the seven-term congressman had a stronger chance of holding the seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incoming Republican is Lori Chavez-DeRemer, former mayor of the town of Happy Valley, Ore. She \u003ca href=\"https://www.opb.org/article/2022/11/13/republican-chavez-deremer-wins-oregon-5th-congressional-district/\">would be the first Latina to serve in Congress from Oregon\u003c/a>. Another Latina, Democrat Andrea Salinas, is also locked in a tight battle for OR-6.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Isn’t it ironic? \u003c/strong>Democrats picked up a seat in the 3rd congressional district in Washington state, a district that had been held by a Republican, Jamie Herrera Beutler. But she voted for former President Trump’s impeachment and was ousted by the right in the primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s an irony in the fact that she was ousted because she voted to impeach Trump and, now, a Democrat has taken over that seat. It’s indicative of the broader message in this election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Of the three dozen races rated as toss up by the Cook Political Report, Trump endorsed five — and \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/09/us/politics/trump-republicans-midterms.html\">\u003cstrong>all lost\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Note: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cem>Please keep in mind that these numbers are fluid and will change as votes continue to roll in. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/election-results-live-2022\">\u003cem>See the latest results here\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/election-results-live-2022/#/senate\">The Senate: \u003c/a>Democrats 48, Independents 2, Republicans 49, Uncalled 2\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>(The two independents caucus with the Democrats.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With their wins the last two days in Arizona and Nevada, as well as their flip of the Pennsylvania seat, Democrats will retain the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a remarkable accomplishment for Democrats with a president whose approval rating has been below 50% for more than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But base energy over the issue of abortion and a slew of Trump-backed candidates, who failed in purple states, proved to thwart a potential Republican Senate takeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s left\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/08/1129431966/alaska-election-results\">\u003cstrong>Alaska\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>: \u003c/strong>This has been added to the Republican total even though the race is not settled yet, because both leading candidates are Republicans, so this will stay in GOP hands. The question is at this point: which Republican. Incumbent Lisa Murkowski (R) trails Kelly Tshibaka (R) by less than 2 percentage points, or just under 3,000 votes, with 80% in. If neither candidate gets above 50%, this goes to a ranked-choice re-tabulation Nov. 23. Murkowski would likely be favored to win that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/08/1129441809/georgia-election-results\">\u003cstrong>Georgia: \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>Incumbent Raphael Warnock (D) and Republican challenger Herschel Walker (R) \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/09/1134332366/georgia-senate-herschel-walker-raphael-warnock-midterm-elections-results-2022\">are headed to a runoff\u003c/a> because neither surpassed 50% on the ballot. Warnock missed the threshold by just under 23,000 votes. Democrats have the chance to expand their Senate majority with a win there.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happened since Friday\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/08/1129578688/nevada-election-results\">\u003cstrong>Nevada:\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>Democratic incumbent Catherine Cortez Masto took the lead after a batch of votes Saturday night were reported in Clark County. Shortly thereafter, she was declared the winner, clinching Senate control for Democrats. There is still vote to count in Nevada, which we will monitor, including 15,000 provisional votes from Clark County, which could also help Cortez Masto extend her lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/08/1129435556/arizona-election-results\">\u003cstrong>Arizona:\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> Democratic incumbent Mark Kelly’s lead expanded by about 8,000 votes with the Friday night batch of about 80,000 votes out of Maricopa County. The race was called in his favor quickly after that, though vote counting continues there, and there is a closely watched governor’s race, where Democrat Katie Hobbs currently leads Trump-backed Kari Lake, who has made unfounded allegations of fraud in the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Control+of+the+House+is+still+up+in+the+air.+Here%27s+where+things+stand&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated November 14, 2022 at 2:43 AM PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>As votes continue to trickle in, Republicans are still on track for a narrow majority in the House, but it would likely be a much smaller one than they were hoping for — and will make legislating difficult in a GOP House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are still 19 uncalled races, all except two are in the West, with millions of votes left to count in California. California traditionally takes a long time to count mail-in ballots, and this is commonplace for every recent election as it relates to House races. So it could still be days until control of the House is sorted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats also still retain a longshot chance at a majority, but they would need multiple races where Republicans are currently leading to shift their direction. That path got slightly harder overnight, as one race where they were leading has now shifted toward Republicans. (More on that path below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/11/1135921636/house-senate-results-close-margins\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>To see just how close races are, check out our graphic that shows the margins in each of the remaining uncalled House races.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Here’s where things stand, by the numbers (as of Monday, 5:43 a.m. ET):\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>At this point, Republicans lead \u003cstrong>212-204\u003c/strong>. (218 is needed for a majority.) So Republicans need to win 6 of the 19 uncalled races for House control, or 32%.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If current leads hold, Republicans would wind up with a \u003cstrong>222-213\u003c/strong> majority. That would mean Republicans \u003cem>could only lose four \u003c/em>members of their conference to pass legislation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It’s also possible that that number shrinks. Keep an eye on the 13\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> congressional district in California, for example, where the Republican currently holds an 84-vote lead with just 61% of the vote in. (A Democratic pickup there there would give Republicans a \u003cstrong>221-214\u003c/strong> majority.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Current net pickups: R+8.\u003c/strong> They have flipped 15 competitive seats to Democrats’ 7, according to the Associated Press, which makes calls for NPR. (Republicans needed a net gain of 5 pickups to take control this cycle.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Where they’re leading:\u003c/strong> Republicans currently have flipped (15) or are winning (2) in 17 seats. Democrats have flipped (7) or are winning (1) in nine seats — for \u003cstrong>R+9\u003c/strong>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Estimated Republican pick up: 7 to 11 seats.\u003c/strong> That would give Republicans just a 2- to 6-seat majority.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Democrats’ longshot path to a majority\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Democrats would need to see shifts in five races from Republican to Democrat. The most likely suspects to watch:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>CA-13\u003c/strong> (R+84 votes, 61% in)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>AZ-1 \u003c/strong>(R+894 votes, 94% in – this shifted from a Democratic lead to a Republican one overnight)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>CA-41\u003c/strong> (R+4k, 74% in)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>CA-22\u003c/strong> (R+3k, 53% in)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>AZ-6\u003c/strong> (R+2k, 89% in)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Others have slightly larger Republican leads at this point or have more vote in: CA-45, CA-27, NY-22, CO-3. CO-3 is the seat held by Rep. Lauren Boebert. She’s up only 1,110 votes, but 99% of the vote is in, and she had been down, so things look like they’re trending in her direction. But we will continue to monitor closely.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sending messages\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Republicans flipped OR-5 after an Associated Press call Sunday night. That was a seat previously held by Democratic Rep. Kurt Schrader, who was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/26/1101626629/clackamas-count-ballot-issue-schrader-mcleod-skinner-oregon-5th\">ousted in a primary earlier this year by a more progressive challenger\u003c/a>. Schrader, a centrist, had President Biden’s endorsement, and party leaders believed the seven-term congressman had a stronger chance of holding the seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incoming Republican is Lori Chavez-DeRemer, former mayor of the town of Happy Valley, Ore. She \u003ca href=\"https://www.opb.org/article/2022/11/13/republican-chavez-deremer-wins-oregon-5th-congressional-district/\">would be the first Latina to serve in Congress from Oregon\u003c/a>. Another Latina, Democrat Andrea Salinas, is also locked in a tight battle for OR-6.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Isn’t it ironic? \u003c/strong>Democrats picked up a seat in the 3rd congressional district in Washington state, a district that had been held by a Republican, Jamie Herrera Beutler. But she voted for former President Trump’s impeachment and was ousted by the right in the primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s an irony in the fact that she was ousted because she voted to impeach Trump and, now, a Democrat has taken over that seat. It’s indicative of the broader message in this election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Of the three dozen races rated as toss up by the Cook Political Report, Trump endorsed five — and \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/09/us/politics/trump-republicans-midterms.html\">\u003cstrong>all lost\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Note: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cem>Please keep in mind that these numbers are fluid and will change as votes continue to roll in. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/election-results-live-2022\">\u003cem>See the latest results here\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/election-results-live-2022/#/senate\">The Senate: \u003c/a>Democrats 48, Independents 2, Republicans 49, Uncalled 2\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>(The two independents caucus with the Democrats.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With their wins the last two days in Arizona and Nevada, as well as their flip of the Pennsylvania seat, Democrats will retain the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a remarkable accomplishment for Democrats with a president whose approval rating has been below 50% for more than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But base energy over the issue of abortion and a slew of Trump-backed candidates, who failed in purple states, proved to thwart a potential Republican Senate takeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s left\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/08/1129431966/alaska-election-results\">\u003cstrong>Alaska\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>: \u003c/strong>This has been added to the Republican total even though the race is not settled yet, because both leading candidates are Republicans, so this will stay in GOP hands. The question is at this point: which Republican. Incumbent Lisa Murkowski (R) trails Kelly Tshibaka (R) by less than 2 percentage points, or just under 3,000 votes, with 80% in. If neither candidate gets above 50%, this goes to a ranked-choice re-tabulation Nov. 23. Murkowski would likely be favored to win that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/08/1129441809/georgia-election-results\">\u003cstrong>Georgia: \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>Incumbent Raphael Warnock (D) and Republican challenger Herschel Walker (R) \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/09/1134332366/georgia-senate-herschel-walker-raphael-warnock-midterm-elections-results-2022\">are headed to a runoff\u003c/a> because neither surpassed 50% on the ballot. Warnock missed the threshold by just under 23,000 votes. Democrats have the chance to expand their Senate majority with a win there.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happened since Friday\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/08/1129578688/nevada-election-results\">\u003cstrong>Nevada:\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>Democratic incumbent Catherine Cortez Masto took the lead after a batch of votes Saturday night were reported in Clark County. Shortly thereafter, she was declared the winner, clinching Senate control for Democrats. There is still vote to count in Nevada, which we will monitor, including 15,000 provisional votes from Clark County, which could also help Cortez Masto extend her lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/08/1129435556/arizona-election-results\">\u003cstrong>Arizona:\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> Democratic incumbent Mark Kelly’s lead expanded by about 8,000 votes with the Friday night batch of about 80,000 votes out of Maricopa County. The race was called in his favor quickly after that, though vote counting continues there, and there is a closely watched governor’s race, where Democrat Katie Hobbs currently leads Trump-backed Kari Lake, who has made unfounded allegations of fraud in the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Control+of+the+House+is+still+up+in+the+air.+Here%27s+where+things+stand&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Biden’s plan to erase federal student loan debts for tens of millions of borrowers hit a legal wall Thursday, when a U.S. District Court judge in Texas called it unlawful and vacated the debt relief program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government quickly appealed the decision, which came just weeks before student loan payments are set to resume in January. The program was already on hold while a federal appeals court in St. Louis considers a separate lawsuit by six states challenging it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The judge’s argument for striking down debt relief\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Thursday’s ruling, Judge Mark T. Pittman, who was appointed by former President Donald Trump, wrote that the program was a “complete usurpation” of congressional authority by the executive branch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pittman rejected the Biden administration’s arguments that, in a law known as the HEROES Act, Congress had already given the president the power to erase student loan debts in a time of national emergency and that the COVID-19 pandemic is just such an emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In this country, we are not ruled by an all-powerful executive with a pen and a phone,” Pittman wrote. “Instead, we are ruled by a Constitution that provides for three distinct and independent branches of government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We strongly disagree with the District Court’s ruling on our student debt relief program,” White House spokesperson Karine Jean-Pierre said. “The President and this Administration are determined to help working and middle-class Americans get back on their feet, while our opponents – backed by extreme Republican special interests – sued to block millions of Americans from getting much-needed relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The appeals process could take weeks, leaving borrowers in limbo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Late Thursday, the White House confirmed that it had already appealed the decision. That appeal will go to the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals,\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/law/2021/nov/15/fifth-circuit-court-appeals-most-extreme-us\"> which has a reputation\u003c/a> as the most conservative of all federal appeals courts. From there, another appeal would land this case at the U.S. Supreme Court, which has so far \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11929718/the-supreme-court-wont-block-the-student-loan-debt-relief-program-at-least-for-now\">refused to hear challenges\u003c/a> to Biden’s relief plan. Borrowers likely won’t have a final answer on debt relief for weeks. [aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"student-debt-relief-plan\"] Meanwhile, student loan payments are set to resume in January. Back in September, U.S. Education Secretary Miguel Cardona \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/15/1123108811/biden-student-loans-debt-cancellation-pslf\">told NPR\u003c/a> he hoped to process as many debt relief applications as possible before that payment pause ends on Jan. 1. Thursday’s decision makes it unlikely the department will reach that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/11/03/by-the-numbers-millions-of-americans-student-loan-costs-will-rise-dramatically-under-republican-officials-plans/\">President Biden announced on Nov. 3\u003c/a> that close to 26 million Americans had provided the necessary information to the Education Department to qualify for relief and that the department was already on track to approve cancellation for 16 million borrowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the department cannot cancel those loans without a reversal of fortune in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The lawsuit at the center of this decision\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The case at the center of Thursday’s ruling was brought by the conservative Job Creators Network Foundation on behalf of two federal student loan borrowers who believe they were unfairly excluded from relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One borrower’s federal loans are held by a commercial lender, not the U.S. Department of Education, and don’t qualify for relief. The other borrower does qualify for $10,000 in relief but believes, because he is currently low-income, that he should receive the same level of relief – $20,000 – as borrowers who were low-income at the time they attended college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs argued, among other things, that the Biden administration didn’t follow federal rules and should have allowed borrowers, and the general public, to voice their concerns about eligibility before the program was rolled out, though the administration countered that the HEROES Act specifically allows it to forego this kind of process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This ruling protects the rule of law which requires all Americans to have their voices heard by their federal government…” said Elaine Parker, president of the Job Creators Network Foundation, in a Thursday statement. “We hope that the court’s decision today will lay the groundwork for real solutions to the student loan crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But borrower advocates and some legal experts were quick to find fault with the judge’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My first response was, this is motivated reasoning by a judge who wants to come to this result. The legal analysis is flawed,” says Luke Herrine, an assistant professor of law at the University of Alabama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Persis Yu, managing counsel at the Student Borrower Protection Center, says there’s an important disconnect between the harm the plaintiffs alleged — not receiving the debt cancellation they believe they should have — and the court’s remedy: denying cancellation to all federal student loan borrowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like to think of this lawsuit as, like, the toddler problem. If I can’t have it, you can’t have it either,” says Yu. “And that’s not how the law works. And it’s not how the courts should apply the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>There are other lawsuits to stop Biden’s loan relief plan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pittman’s decision catapults this case to the front of the line of cases opposing debt relief in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late October, a federal appeals court temporarily blocked Biden’s relief plan before it could go into effect, so the court could consider a different suit, filed by six states – Nebraska, Missouri, Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas and South Carolina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states argued that a handful of state-based loan servicers that manage old, privately-held federal loans, would be hurt financially if borrowers were allowed to consolidate these loans and qualify for debt cancellation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That suit had been dismissed by a U.S. district court judge in Missouri before the plaintiffs appealed to the 8th Circuit, which has yet to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How we got here\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the 2020 presidential election, Biden pledged to cancel at least $10,000 per person in college debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden finally announced his loan relief plan in August, promising to cancel up to $10,000 for borrowers who did not receive Pell grants, and $20,000 for those who did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/13/1122613813/student-loan-forgiveness-biden-states\">Twenty-two Republican governors\u003c/a> wrote Biden a letter in September challenging his authority to go forth with the forgiveness plan, and the Congressional Budget Office later estimated the initiative \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/27/1125272287/student-loan-forgiveness-cost-billion\">would cost $400 billion\u003c/a> over the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Biden’s plan to erase federal student loan debts for tens of millions of borrowers hit a legal wall Thursday, when a U.S. District Court judge in Texas called it unlawful and vacated the debt relief program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government quickly appealed the decision, which came just weeks before student loan payments are set to resume in January. The program was already on hold while a federal appeals court in St. Louis considers a separate lawsuit by six states challenging it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The judge’s argument for striking down debt relief\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Thursday’s ruling, Judge Mark T. Pittman, who was appointed by former President Donald Trump, wrote that the program was a “complete usurpation” of congressional authority by the executive branch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pittman rejected the Biden administration’s arguments that, in a law known as the HEROES Act, Congress had already given the president the power to erase student loan debts in a time of national emergency and that the COVID-19 pandemic is just such an emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In this country, we are not ruled by an all-powerful executive with a pen and a phone,” Pittman wrote. “Instead, we are ruled by a Constitution that provides for three distinct and independent branches of government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We strongly disagree with the District Court’s ruling on our student debt relief program,” White House spokesperson Karine Jean-Pierre said. “The President and this Administration are determined to help working and middle-class Americans get back on their feet, while our opponents – backed by extreme Republican special interests – sued to block millions of Americans from getting much-needed relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The appeals process could take weeks, leaving borrowers in limbo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Late Thursday, the White House confirmed that it had already appealed the decision. That appeal will go to the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals,\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/law/2021/nov/15/fifth-circuit-court-appeals-most-extreme-us\"> which has a reputation\u003c/a> as the most conservative of all federal appeals courts. From there, another appeal would land this case at the U.S. Supreme Court, which has so far \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11929718/the-supreme-court-wont-block-the-student-loan-debt-relief-program-at-least-for-now\">refused to hear challenges\u003c/a> to Biden’s relief plan. Borrowers likely won’t have a final answer on debt relief for weeks. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Meanwhile, student loan payments are set to resume in January. Back in September, U.S. Education Secretary Miguel Cardona \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/15/1123108811/biden-student-loans-debt-cancellation-pslf\">told NPR\u003c/a> he hoped to process as many debt relief applications as possible before that payment pause ends on Jan. 1. Thursday’s decision makes it unlikely the department will reach that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/11/03/by-the-numbers-millions-of-americans-student-loan-costs-will-rise-dramatically-under-republican-officials-plans/\">President Biden announced on Nov. 3\u003c/a> that close to 26 million Americans had provided the necessary information to the Education Department to qualify for relief and that the department was already on track to approve cancellation for 16 million borrowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the department cannot cancel those loans without a reversal of fortune in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The lawsuit at the center of this decision\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The case at the center of Thursday’s ruling was brought by the conservative Job Creators Network Foundation on behalf of two federal student loan borrowers who believe they were unfairly excluded from relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One borrower’s federal loans are held by a commercial lender, not the U.S. Department of Education, and don’t qualify for relief. The other borrower does qualify for $10,000 in relief but believes, because he is currently low-income, that he should receive the same level of relief – $20,000 – as borrowers who were low-income at the time they attended college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs argued, among other things, that the Biden administration didn’t follow federal rules and should have allowed borrowers, and the general public, to voice their concerns about eligibility before the program was rolled out, though the administration countered that the HEROES Act specifically allows it to forego this kind of process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This ruling protects the rule of law which requires all Americans to have their voices heard by their federal government…” said Elaine Parker, president of the Job Creators Network Foundation, in a Thursday statement. “We hope that the court’s decision today will lay the groundwork for real solutions to the student loan crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But borrower advocates and some legal experts were quick to find fault with the judge’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My first response was, this is motivated reasoning by a judge who wants to come to this result. The legal analysis is flawed,” says Luke Herrine, an assistant professor of law at the University of Alabama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Persis Yu, managing counsel at the Student Borrower Protection Center, says there’s an important disconnect between the harm the plaintiffs alleged — not receiving the debt cancellation they believe they should have — and the court’s remedy: denying cancellation to all federal student loan borrowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like to think of this lawsuit as, like, the toddler problem. If I can’t have it, you can’t have it either,” says Yu. “And that’s not how the law works. And it’s not how the courts should apply the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>There are other lawsuits to stop Biden’s loan relief plan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pittman’s decision catapults this case to the front of the line of cases opposing debt relief in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late October, a federal appeals court temporarily blocked Biden’s relief plan before it could go into effect, so the court could consider a different suit, filed by six states – Nebraska, Missouri, Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas and South Carolina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states argued that a handful of state-based loan servicers that manage old, privately-held federal loans, would be hurt financially if borrowers were allowed to consolidate these loans and qualify for debt cancellation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That suit had been dismissed by a U.S. district court judge in Missouri before the plaintiffs appealed to the 8th Circuit, which has yet to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How we got here\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the 2020 presidential election, Biden pledged to cancel at least $10,000 per person in college debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden finally announced his loan relief plan in August, promising to cancel up to $10,000 for borrowers who did not receive Pell grants, and $20,000 for those who did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Abortion rights supporters had a successful run of ballot measures this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In states where voters were asked to weigh in directly on abortion rights, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/10/1135719000/several-state-ballot-measures-resulted-in-victories-for-abortion-rights-supporte\">supported measures\u003c/a> that protect those rights and rejected initiatives that could threaten them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those victories have abortion rights advocates looking at where they can next take the fight directly to voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s take this show on the road. Let’s go to states, and let’s prove that we can win in some challenging environment,” said Anthony Romero, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union. “Let’s put this to the people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Exploring options in red states\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Romero, who spent election night in Michigan celebrating the passage of an amendment to protect abortion rights in the state’s constitution, said his group is looking at several states as potential targets for future ballot campaigns, including Ohio and Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly Hall, executive director of the Fairness Project, which advocates for progressive-leaning ballot measures, said her organization is also exploring options in those states, along with Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas and South Dakota. She said gerrymandering in many states has resulted in lawmakers who support much deeper abortion restrictions than their constituents do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall said the initiative process can serve as a check on overreach by state lawmakers — when there’s a “huge gap between the desires of the electorate and the actions of politicians. And nowhere is that more the case in America right now than on abortion rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A ‘serious problem’ for abortion opponents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Faced with these political losses, anti-abortion rights groups are emphasizing that they were outspent by their opponents in these campaigns, and they say they believe that voters were misled by some of the messaging around these initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marjorie Dannenfelser, president of SBA Pro-Life America, told reporters on Wednesday that she’s concerned more states will try to pass pro-abortion-rights ballot measures like those in California. Dannenfelser argued that it’s often better for abortion laws to be made by elected officials after a robust public debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is the biggest concern that we have in the pro-life movement — that we gain our advantage that we find through candidates debating the issue — where we don’t have that advantage when we’re outspent 10-to-1 in a referendum,” she said. “It is a serious problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s vice president of state affairs, Stephen Billy, said he believes abortion rights supporters want to “use the courts to try to take the issue out of voters’ hands” by challenging anti-abortion laws in state court, and “use ballot initiatives as a way to thwart the legislative process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A gap between legislation and public opinion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Advocates for bans on most abortions — including a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/21/725488345/protests-held-across-the-u-s-in-response-to-states-passing-restrictive-abortion-\">wave of state laws\u003c/a> passed in recent years that prohibit the procedure within the first several weeks — are at odds with public opinion, according to many years of polling. While most Americans support some restrictions on abortion, most support access earlier in pregnancy.[aside postID=news_11931183 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS55706_043_KQED_AbortionRallySF_05032022-qut.jpg']That’s even \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/01/1120472842/poll-one-year-after-sb-8-texans-express-strong-support-for-abortion-rights\">the case\u003c/a> in some deeply red states like Texas, where since 2021, when a unique state law took effect, residents have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/28/1083536401/texas-abortion-law-6-months\">seeing the impact\u003c/a> of a ban on most abortions after about six weeks of pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romero, with the ACLU, said victories for abortion rights in Kentucky this week — and in Kansas in August — show that many Republican-leaning voters are willing to cross party lines to push back against laws they see as overly restrictive. He accuses Republican elected officials in many states of “pandering to the most extreme portion of their base … that’s holding Republican voters and the broader public hostage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to leapfrog the governors, and you have the leapfrog the legislatures,” Romero said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Ballot measures face their own challenges, risks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many states lack a process for citizen-initiated ballot initiatives, leaving the question of abortion in the hands of their state lawmakers. According to the Fairness Project, such initiatives are possible in 22 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in those states, such efforts could face pushback from abortion opponents. Michigan’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/08/1121858922/michigan-supreme-court-abortion-amendment-voters-ballot\">initiative survived\u003c/a> Republican-led challenges aimed at keeping the measure off the ballot, including objections to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/31/1120365677/michigan-supreme-court-abortion-rights\">formatting and spacing\u003c/a> of the language in the amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall, with the Fairness Project, acknowledges there’s a risk that abortion rights advocates might overplay their hand by putting the issue on the ballot and possibly galvanizing voters who will elect anti-abortion candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she said she believes that well-crafted measures, tailored to the specific concerns of voters in individual states, can gain bipartisan support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These need to be strategic decisions that meet the electorate where it is,” Hall said. “I don’t think though that we should shy away from having these deep, strategic conversations even in the reddest of places — because frankly there are no other options left in many states for how we advocate for people who need reproductive health care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NYU law professor Melissa Murray said she believes there’s a robust appetite among many voters to push back against some of the state restrictions that have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/27/1107750168/the-supreme-courts-abortion-decision-creates-battlegrounds-between-states\">taken effect\u003c/a> in recent months, though the specific message and rationale will vary from state to state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California may have a different logic for this than Kansas, where the prospect of government encroachment might seem like the antithesis of conservatism,” Murray said. “But it’s all cashing out in the same way. Where voters have direct access to the ballot box to register their preferences on abortion, they are registering them in ways that make clear that there is … appetite for greater protections for reproductive rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Abortion rights supporters had a successful run of ballot measures this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In states where voters were asked to weigh in directly on abortion rights, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/10/1135719000/several-state-ballot-measures-resulted-in-victories-for-abortion-rights-supporte\">supported measures\u003c/a> that protect those rights and rejected initiatives that could threaten them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those victories have abortion rights advocates looking at where they can next take the fight directly to voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s take this show on the road. Let’s go to states, and let’s prove that we can win in some challenging environment,” said Anthony Romero, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union. “Let’s put this to the people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Exploring options in red states\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Romero, who spent election night in Michigan celebrating the passage of an amendment to protect abortion rights in the state’s constitution, said his group is looking at several states as potential targets for future ballot campaigns, including Ohio and Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly Hall, executive director of the Fairness Project, which advocates for progressive-leaning ballot measures, said her organization is also exploring options in those states, along with Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas and South Dakota. She said gerrymandering in many states has resulted in lawmakers who support much deeper abortion restrictions than their constituents do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall said the initiative process can serve as a check on overreach by state lawmakers — when there’s a “huge gap between the desires of the electorate and the actions of politicians. And nowhere is that more the case in America right now than on abortion rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A ‘serious problem’ for abortion opponents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Faced with these political losses, anti-abortion rights groups are emphasizing that they were outspent by their opponents in these campaigns, and they say they believe that voters were misled by some of the messaging around these initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marjorie Dannenfelser, president of SBA Pro-Life America, told reporters on Wednesday that she’s concerned more states will try to pass pro-abortion-rights ballot measures like those in California. Dannenfelser argued that it’s often better for abortion laws to be made by elected officials after a robust public debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is the biggest concern that we have in the pro-life movement — that we gain our advantage that we find through candidates debating the issue — where we don’t have that advantage when we’re outspent 10-to-1 in a referendum,” she said. “It is a serious problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s vice president of state affairs, Stephen Billy, said he believes abortion rights supporters want to “use the courts to try to take the issue out of voters’ hands” by challenging anti-abortion laws in state court, and “use ballot initiatives as a way to thwart the legislative process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A gap between legislation and public opinion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Advocates for bans on most abortions — including a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/21/725488345/protests-held-across-the-u-s-in-response-to-states-passing-restrictive-abortion-\">wave of state laws\u003c/a> passed in recent years that prohibit the procedure within the first several weeks — are at odds with public opinion, according to many years of polling. While most Americans support some restrictions on abortion, most support access earlier in pregnancy.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That’s even \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/01/1120472842/poll-one-year-after-sb-8-texans-express-strong-support-for-abortion-rights\">the case\u003c/a> in some deeply red states like Texas, where since 2021, when a unique state law took effect, residents have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/28/1083536401/texas-abortion-law-6-months\">seeing the impact\u003c/a> of a ban on most abortions after about six weeks of pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romero, with the ACLU, said victories for abortion rights in Kentucky this week — and in Kansas in August — show that many Republican-leaning voters are willing to cross party lines to push back against laws they see as overly restrictive. He accuses Republican elected officials in many states of “pandering to the most extreme portion of their base … that’s holding Republican voters and the broader public hostage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to leapfrog the governors, and you have the leapfrog the legislatures,” Romero said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Ballot measures face their own challenges, risks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many states lack a process for citizen-initiated ballot initiatives, leaving the question of abortion in the hands of their state lawmakers. According to the Fairness Project, such initiatives are possible in 22 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in those states, such efforts could face pushback from abortion opponents. Michigan’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/08/1121858922/michigan-supreme-court-abortion-amendment-voters-ballot\">initiative survived\u003c/a> Republican-led challenges aimed at keeping the measure off the ballot, including objections to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/31/1120365677/michigan-supreme-court-abortion-rights\">formatting and spacing\u003c/a> of the language in the amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall, with the Fairness Project, acknowledges there’s a risk that abortion rights advocates might overplay their hand by putting the issue on the ballot and possibly galvanizing voters who will elect anti-abortion candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she said she believes that well-crafted measures, tailored to the specific concerns of voters in individual states, can gain bipartisan support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These need to be strategic decisions that meet the electorate where it is,” Hall said. “I don’t think though that we should shy away from having these deep, strategic conversations even in the reddest of places — because frankly there are no other options left in many states for how we advocate for people who need reproductive health care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NYU law professor Melissa Murray said she believes there’s a robust appetite among many voters to push back against some of the state restrictions that have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/27/1107750168/the-supreme-courts-abortion-decision-creates-battlegrounds-between-states\">taken effect\u003c/a> in recent months, though the specific message and rationale will vary from state to state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California may have a different logic for this than Kansas, where the prospect of government encroachment might seem like the antithesis of conservatism,” Murray said. “But it’s all cashing out in the same way. Where voters have direct access to the ballot box to register their preferences on abortion, they are registering them in ways that make clear that there is … appetite for greater protections for reproductive rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "KQED’s new podcast, Bay Curious, gets to the bottom of the mysteries — both profound and peculiar — that give the Bay Area its unique identity. And we’ll do it with your help! You ask the questions. You decide what Bay Curious investigates. And you join us on the journey to find the answers.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Bay-Curious-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/news/series/baycurious",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 3
},
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}
},
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"id": "bbc-world-service",
"title": "BBC World Service",
"info": "The day's top stories from BBC News compiled twice daily in the week, once at weekends.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9pm-10pm, TUE-FRI 1am-2am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/BBC-World-Service-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.bbc.co.uk/sounds/play/live:bbc_world_service",
"meta": {
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"source": "BBC World Service"
},
"link": "/radio/program/bbc-world-service",
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"rss": "https://podcasts.files.bbci.co.uk/p02nq0gn.rss"
}
},
"californiareport": {
"id": "californiareport",
"title": "The California Report",
"tagline": "California, day by day",
"info": "KQED’s statewide radio news program providing daily coverage of issues, trends and public policy decisions.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-California-Report-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareport",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 8
},
"link": "/californiareport",
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}
},
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"title": "The California Report Magazine",
"tagline": "Your state, your stories",
"info": "Every week, The California Report Magazine takes you on a road trip for the ears: to visit the places and meet the people who make California unique. The in-depth storytelling podcast from the California Report.",
"airtime": "FRI 4:30pm-5pm, 6:30pm-7pm, 11pm-11:30pm",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/californiareportmagazine",
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"order": 10
},
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM3NjkwNjk1OTAz",
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},
"city-arts": {
"id": "city-arts",
"title": "City Arts & Lectures",
"info": "A one-hour radio program to hear celebrated writers, artists and thinkers address contemporary ideas and values, often discussing the creative process. Please note: tapes or transcripts are not available",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/05/cityartsandlecture-300x300.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.cityarts.net/",
"airtime": "SUN 1pm-2pm, TUE 10pm, WED 1am",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "City Arts & Lectures"
},
"link": "https://www.cityarts.net",
"subscribe": {
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/City-Arts-and-Lectures-p692/",
"rss": "https://www.cityarts.net/feed/"
}
},
"closealltabs": {
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"info": "Close All Tabs breaks down how digital culture shapes our world through thoughtful insights and irreverent humor.",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/closealltabs",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 1
},
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"id": "code-switch-life-kit",
"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
"site": "radio",
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},
"link": "/radio/program/code-switch-life-kit",
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},
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
"airtime": "THU 10pm, FRI 1am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/commonwealth-club-of-california-podcast/id976334034?mt=2",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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},
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
"link": "/forum",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM5NTU3MzgxNjMz",
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"freakonomics-radio": {
"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/freakonomicsRadio.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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},
"hidden-brain": {
"id": "hidden-brain",
"title": "Hidden Brain",
"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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},
"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510313/how-i-built-this",
"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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},
"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
"link": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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}
},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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"rss": "https://feeds.publicradio.org/public_feeds/marketplace-pm/rss/rss"
}
},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
"subscribe": {
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/464615685/mind-shift-podcast",
"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/podcast/kqed/stories-teachers-share",
"spotify": "https://open.spotify.com/show/0MxSpNYZKNprFLCl7eEtyx"
}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
},
"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
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