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"content": "\u003cp>Billionaire Elon Musk has owned Twitter for less than a month. But one thing is clear: It will never be the same social network that the world has come to know over nearly two decades.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Desmond Upton Patton, professor of social policy, communications and psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania\"]'Twitter has problems that need to be fixed, but the tool has more hope and potential than negativity.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has made radical decisions, seemingly single-handedly, such as selling blue verification checkmarks and reinstating accounts that had been banned for breaking Twitter's rules against violent or offensive speech, including that of former President Donald Trump. Long-time users and advertisers are fleeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the company survives the present chaos or not, the history of tweeting shows just how important the platform has been since co-founder Jack Dorsey transmitted the very first message on March 21, 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There really is no other place where you can be any common individual with no political power, no monetary power, and yet you can story-tell using text, image and audio, you can link up and engage with people locally and globally around an issue, and then you can download your history and understand how all of this happened,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://www.sp2.upenn.edu/person/desmond-upton-patton/\">Desmond Upton Patton\u003c/a>, a professor of social policy, communications and psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania who studies Twitter. \"That is truly amazing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Social Movements and Political Causes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Twitter has helped to galvanize a wide array of social movements and political causes across the world from the Arab Spring and the present human-rights protests in Iran to #BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seattle-based social media influencer \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/2morrowknight?lang=en\">Sean Gardner\u003c/a> points to this tweet by Twitter co-founder Dorsey as being emblematic of the platform's use as a tool to spread ideas and incite people to action:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Jack Dorsey's tweet is definitely something that sticks out,\" said Gardner. \"I thought that was just a brilliant tweet because that's exactly what Twitter has done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The platform has been very influential abroad, with around \u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/statistics/242606/number-of-active-twitter-users-in-selected-countries/\">80 percent of users\u003c/a> living outside of the U.S. More than a decade ago, Twitter became a powerful tool for sharing information and reflections about the protests going on in Egypt and beyond during the Arab Spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And closer to home, tweeting helped galvanize millions of people in the wake of George Floyd's murder on May 25, 2020, with people sharing their anger and anguish using hashtags like #BlackLivesMatter and #JusticeForGeorge. News platforms used Twitter to report on the unfolding events.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Presidential Megaphone\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Soon after Twitter became a \"thing,\" some elected officials also started to see the platform as a useful way to reach people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Barack Obama was actually the first social media head of state,\" said Gardner of the former President. \"It was because of him that countries got on board, and people started talking with each other online.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was Obama's successor who took tweeting to a whole new level. Gardner said Trump's hold on Twitter changed the face of politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Trump is almost like a quarterback, and what he was doing was throwing the ball over to his wide receivers, which is basically people who were receptive to his particular message or stance,\" Gardner said. \"So it's not really one tweet with Trump. If you look back at it, it's probably thousands.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter removed Trump's account following the Jan. 6, 2021 attack on the U.S. Capitol. But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/tweets-january-6-2021\">string of his tweets\u003c/a> from that date, preserved by U.C. Santa Barbara's \u003ca href=\"https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/\">American Presidency Project\u003c/a>, illustrate the ex-president's use of the platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has not yet jumped back on since Musk reinstated his account on Nov. 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Twitter's Lighter Side\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For the University of Pennsylvania's Patton, Twitter has always been a place to share a joke and a place to start a riot. He points to Black Twitter as a source of joy and resilience, especially during the holiday season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The holidays can make for a complicated time for dealing with family members,\" said Patton. \"Black Twitter can take a problematic moment and turn it into a fun meme or a fun joke with which everyone can resonate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Patton reacted strongly to Musk's takeover of Twitter — a feeling shared by many after the new owner sent out a tweet on Oct. 26 announcing, in esoteric fashion, his presence at the company's San Francisco headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter has problems that need to be fixed, but the tool has more hope and potential than negativity,\" Patton said. \"It just feels like a wasted opportunity for Twitter to really do some good in the world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. 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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has made radical decisions, seemingly single-handedly, such as selling blue verification checkmarks and reinstating accounts that had been banned for breaking Twitter's rules against violent or offensive speech, including that of former President Donald Trump. Long-time users and advertisers are fleeing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether the company survives the present chaos or not, the history of tweeting shows just how important the platform has been since co-founder Jack Dorsey transmitted the very first message on March 21, 2006.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There really is no other place where you can be any common individual with no political power, no monetary power, and yet you can story-tell using text, image and audio, you can link up and engage with people locally and globally around an issue, and then you can download your history and understand how all of this happened,\" said \u003ca href=\"https://www.sp2.upenn.edu/person/desmond-upton-patton/\">Desmond Upton Patton\u003c/a>, a professor of social policy, communications and psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania who studies Twitter. \"That is truly amazing.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Social Movements and Political Causes\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Over the years, Twitter has helped to galvanize a wide array of social movements and political causes across the world from the Arab Spring and the present human-rights protests in Iran to #BlackLivesMatter and #MeToo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seattle-based social media influencer \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/2morrowknight?lang=en\">Sean Gardner\u003c/a> points to this tweet by Twitter co-founder Dorsey as being emblematic of the platform's use as a tool to spread ideas and incite people to action:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Jack Dorsey's tweet is definitely something that sticks out,\" said Gardner. \"I thought that was just a brilliant tweet because that's exactly what Twitter has done.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The platform has been very influential abroad, with around \u003ca href=\"https://www.statista.com/statistics/242606/number-of-active-twitter-users-in-selected-countries/\">80 percent of users\u003c/a> living outside of the U.S. More than a decade ago, Twitter became a powerful tool for sharing information and reflections about the protests going on in Egypt and beyond during the Arab Spring.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And closer to home, tweeting helped galvanize millions of people in the wake of George Floyd's murder on May 25, 2020, with people sharing their anger and anguish using hashtags like #BlackLivesMatter and #JusticeForGeorge. News platforms used Twitter to report on the unfolding events.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Presidential Megaphone\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Soon after Twitter became a \"thing,\" some elected officials also started to see the platform as a useful way to reach people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Barack Obama was actually the first social media head of state,\" said Gardner of the former President. \"It was because of him that countries got on board, and people started talking with each other online.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But it was Obama's successor who took tweeting to a whole new level. Gardner said Trump's hold on Twitter changed the face of politics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Trump is almost like a quarterback, and what he was doing was throwing the ball over to his wide receivers, which is basically people who were receptive to his particular message or stance,\" Gardner said. \"So it's not really one tweet with Trump. If you look back at it, it's probably thousands.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twitter removed Trump's account following the Jan. 6, 2021 attack on the U.S. Capitol. But a \u003ca href=\"https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/tweets-january-6-2021\">string of his tweets\u003c/a> from that date, preserved by U.C. Santa Barbara's \u003ca href=\"https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/\">American Presidency Project\u003c/a>, illustrate the ex-president's use of the platform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trump has not yet jumped back on since Musk reinstated his account on Nov. 19.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>Twitter's Lighter Side\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>For the University of Pennsylvania's Patton, Twitter has always been a place to share a joke and a place to start a riot. He points to Black Twitter as a source of joy and resilience, especially during the holiday season.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The holidays can make for a complicated time for dealing with family members,\" said Patton. \"Black Twitter can take a problematic moment and turn it into a fun meme or a fun joke with which everyone can resonate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Patton reacted strongly to Musk's takeover of Twitter — a feeling shared by many after the new owner sent out a tweet on Oct. 26 announcing, in esoteric fashion, his presence at the company's San Francisco headquarters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Twitter has problems that need to be fixed, but the tool has more hope and potential than negativity,\" Patton said. \"It just feels like a wasted opportunity for Twitter to really do some good in the world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Twitter+became+one+of+the+world%27s+preferred+platforms+for+sharing+ideas&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "What We Know So Far About the Shooting at a Colorado Springs LGBTQ Club",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated November 21, 2022 at 5:28 PM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Police continue to investigate after a gunman killed five people and injured 18 others at an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/20/1138045219/colorado-springs-shooting-lgbtq-club-q-5-dead\">LGBTQ nightclub \u003c/a>late Saturday in Colorado Springs, Colo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seventeen people were injured because of a gunshot wound, while another victim sustained other injuries, police said Monday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one other person and likely many others were victims with no visible injuries, police said. Police earlier said 25 people were injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials also identified Anderson Lee Aldrich, 22, as the suspect. He was taken into custody shortly after arriving on site at Club Q and is being treated at a local hospital as of Monday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court records for the case have now been sealed. The El Paso County district attorney's director of communications Howard Black told NPR on Monday afternoon that no formal charges have been filed. He said the investigation is still active, and charges will be filed in due time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attack comes six years after the deadliest attack on the LGBTQ community in modern U.S. history, when a gunman killed 49 people and wounded 53 others at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/06/16/482322488/orlando-shooting-what-happened-update\">Pulse nightclub\u003c/a> in Orlando, Fla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what we know about the Colorado Springs shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Two patrons subdued the gunman\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Colorado Springs Police Chief Adrian Vasquez said the gunman began shooting as soon as he entered the nightclub. At least two people \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/20/1138045219/colorado-springs-shooting-lgbtq-club-q-5-dead\">helped subdue\u003c/a> the gunman, which the chief described as heroic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We owe them a great debt of thanks,\" he said at a news conference Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado Springs Mayor John Suthers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/20/1138127564/the-colorado-springs-mayor-reflects-on-the-club-q-shooting\">told NPR\u003c/a> that one of the patrons \"took the handgun from the [shooter] and hit him with the handgun to disable him.\"[pullquote align=\"right\" size=\"medium\" citation=\"President Joe Biden\"]'There is no place for violence, hatred, and bigotry in America. Yet, tragically, as last night's attack in Colorado Springs reminds us, too many LGBTQI+ people in the United States — and around the world — continue to face unconscionable attacks.'[/pullquote]Club Q wrote on \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ClubQOnline/posts/pfbid07LSCxRLmdaV4ogdSs3SCyeh4fsVDwLe3vip3qjxKX4JozzdggibpuKag7Je6fBnul\">Facebook\u003c/a> that the patrons' \"quick reactions\" helped end the attack, which it called a hate attack, and prevented more people from being killed or injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police said the first call came in at 11:57 p.m. local time after which the first officer arrived three minutes later. The suspect was taken into custody at 12:02 a.m. MT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado Springs Police Chief Adrian Vasquez said the shooter carried an \"AR style platform\" long gun along with multiple magazines with ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That speaks to the preparation that he took for before entering that club,\" Vasquez told NPR's Rachel Martin on \u003cem>Morning Edition.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Club Q has been a safe haven for Colorado Springs' LGBTQ community\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Club Q, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/clubqcoloradosprings/?hl=en\">opened\u003c/a> in 2002, serves the Colorado Springs area with drag shows, karaoke, and dance parties for those 18 years and older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Vasquez and Colorado Gov. Jared Polis called the club a \"safe haven\" for LGBTQ residents of Colorado Springs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Club Q has been a safe haven for the LGBTQ community in an area where it hasn't always been easy,\" Polis, who became the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/15/1037675898/colorados-polis-weds-marking-the-1st-same-sex-marriage-of-a-sitting-governor\">first openly gay governor\u003c/a> in the U.S. in 2018, said at a \u003ca href=\"https://krdo.com/news/2022/11/20/community-comes-together-after-colorado-springs-gay-nightclub-mass-shooting/\">church service \u003c/a>Sunday. \"It's a place where we can gather, dance, and share the joy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado Springs Police Lt. Pamela Castro said the department was shocked at the attack, as the nightclub had not been a problem spot for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Club Q announced it will be closed until further notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The shooting came on the eve of Transgender Day of Remembrance\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The gunman targeted the club the night before Transgender Day of Remembrance, which occurs annually on Nov. 20 to honor victims of anti-trans violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day of remembrance had its start in 1999, when LGBTQ rights advocate Gwendolyn Ann Smith helped \u003ca href=\"https://www.glaad.org/tdor\">organize\u003c/a> a vigil for transgender women\u003ca href=\"https://www.wbur.org/news/2020/07/15/two-decades-after-her-death-rita-hesters-family-reflects-on-her-spirit\"> Rita Hester\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://mediakron.bc.edu/lgbtqboston/map/the-murder-of-chanelle-pickett/the-murder-of-chanelle-pickett\">Chanelle Pickett\u003c/a> of Massachusetts. Both were women of color.\u003cbr>\n[aside postID=news_11932882 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/Before-Rally-1020x680.jpeg']\"No one I spoke with then knew who Chanelle Pickett was, even though the trial of her murderer, William Palmer, had ended only months before Hester's death,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffpost.com/entry/transgender-day-of-remembrance-why-we-remember_b_2166234\">Ann Smith wrote in 2012\u003c/a>. \"It seemed clear to me then that we were forgetting our past, and were — to paraphrase George Santayana — doomed to repeat it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the investigation is in its early stages, Vasquez said it's not lost on him that the shooting took place in a LGBTQ nightclub and on the eve of Transgender Day of Remembrance. He added that those details will be taken seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there's a lot of work to be done before we can come to that determination,\" he said on whether the shooting was a hate crime. \"But certainly it feels that way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Biden and lawmakers respond, condemning anti-LGBTQ hate crimes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Democratic Colorado Sen. Michael Bennet expressed his devastation upon hearing news of the shooting in his state and called for more protection and support of the LGBTQ community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As we seek justice for this unimaginable act, we must do more to protect the LGBTQ community and stand firm against discrimination and hate in every form,\" he wrote on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932924\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11932924\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877.jpg\" alt=\"Flowers at a memorial with a young woman placing a candle.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People hold a vigil at a makeshift memorial near the Club Q nightclub on November 20, 2022 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. \u003ccite>(Scott Olson/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>President Biden said in a statement: \"There is no place for violence, hatred, and bigotry in America. Yet, tragically, as last night's attack in Colorado Springs reminds us, too many LGBTQI+ people in the United States — and around the world — continue to face unconscionable attacks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden called for Congress to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/live-updates/colorado-springs-club-q-shooting#president-biden-issues-another-statement-this-one-calling-for-passage-of-the-equality-act\">pass the Equality Act\u003c/a>, which would ban discrimination against people based on sexual orientation and gender identity. The bill stalled in the Senate after passing the House \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/24/969591569/house-to-vote-on-equality-act-heres-what-the-law-would-do\">in February 2021\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/25/1107626030/biden-signs-gun-safety-law\">signed\u003c/a> the first major gun safety law passed by Congress in nearly 30 years, a month after the mass shooting at an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1101183663/uvalde-elementary-school-shooting\">elementary school in Uvalde, Texas\u003c/a> that killed 19 children and two adults. The legislation expanded background checks on people between the ages of 18 and 21 seeking to buy a gun and expanded an existing law that prevents people convicted of domestic abuse from owning a gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said more must be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to enact an assault weapons ban to get weapons of war off America's streets,\" Biden said in a White House press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Juliana Kim contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "The mass shooting that killed 5 and injured at least 25 at an LGBTQ club in Colorado Springs, Colo., on the eve of Transgender Day of Remembrance is being treated as a potential hate crime.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated November 21, 2022 at 5:28 PM ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Police continue to investigate after a gunman killed five people and injured 18 others at an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/20/1138045219/colorado-springs-shooting-lgbtq-club-q-5-dead\">LGBTQ nightclub \u003c/a>late Saturday in Colorado Springs, Colo.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seventeen people were injured because of a gunshot wound, while another victim sustained other injuries, police said Monday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At least one other person and likely many others were victims with no visible injuries, police said. Police earlier said 25 people were injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials also identified Anderson Lee Aldrich, 22, as the suspect. He was taken into custody shortly after arriving on site at Club Q and is being treated at a local hospital as of Monday afternoon.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Court records for the case have now been sealed. The El Paso County district attorney's director of communications Howard Black told NPR on Monday afternoon that no formal charges have been filed. He said the investigation is still active, and charges will be filed in due time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The attack comes six years after the deadliest attack on the LGBTQ community in modern U.S. history, when a gunman killed 49 people and wounded 53 others at the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2016/06/16/482322488/orlando-shooting-what-happened-update\">Pulse nightclub\u003c/a> in Orlando, Fla.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here's what we know about the Colorado Springs shooting.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Two patrons subdued the gunman\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Colorado Springs Police Chief Adrian Vasquez said the gunman began shooting as soon as he entered the nightclub. At least two people \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/20/1138045219/colorado-springs-shooting-lgbtq-club-q-5-dead\">helped subdue\u003c/a> the gunman, which the chief described as heroic.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We owe them a great debt of thanks,\" he said at a news conference Sunday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado Springs Mayor John Suthers \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/20/1138127564/the-colorado-springs-mayor-reflects-on-the-club-q-shooting\">told NPR\u003c/a> that one of the patrons \"took the handgun from the [shooter] and hit him with the handgun to disable him.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Club Q wrote on \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/ClubQOnline/posts/pfbid07LSCxRLmdaV4ogdSs3SCyeh4fsVDwLe3vip3qjxKX4JozzdggibpuKag7Je6fBnul\">Facebook\u003c/a> that the patrons' \"quick reactions\" helped end the attack, which it called a hate attack, and prevented more people from being killed or injured.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police said the first call came in at 11:57 p.m. local time after which the first officer arrived three minutes later. The suspect was taken into custody at 12:02 a.m. MT.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado Springs Police Chief Adrian Vasquez said the shooter carried an \"AR style platform\" long gun along with multiple magazines with ammunition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That speaks to the preparation that he took for before entering that club,\" Vasquez told NPR's Rachel Martin on \u003cem>Morning Edition.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Club Q has been a safe haven for Colorado Springs' LGBTQ community\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Club Q, which \u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/clubqcoloradosprings/?hl=en\">opened\u003c/a> in 2002, serves the Colorado Springs area with drag shows, karaoke, and dance parties for those 18 years and older.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Both Vasquez and Colorado Gov. Jared Polis called the club a \"safe haven\" for LGBTQ residents of Colorado Springs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Club Q has been a safe haven for the LGBTQ community in an area where it hasn't always been easy,\" Polis, who became the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/09/15/1037675898/colorados-polis-weds-marking-the-1st-same-sex-marriage-of-a-sitting-governor\">first openly gay governor\u003c/a> in the U.S. in 2018, said at a \u003ca href=\"https://krdo.com/news/2022/11/20/community-comes-together-after-colorado-springs-gay-nightclub-mass-shooting/\">church service \u003c/a>Sunday. \"It's a place where we can gather, dance, and share the joy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Colorado Springs Police Lt. Pamela Castro said the department was shocked at the attack, as the nightclub had not been a problem spot for the city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Club Q announced it will be closed until further notice.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The shooting came on the eve of Transgender Day of Remembrance\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The gunman targeted the club the night before Transgender Day of Remembrance, which occurs annually on Nov. 20 to honor victims of anti-trans violence.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The day of remembrance had its start in 1999, when LGBTQ rights advocate Gwendolyn Ann Smith helped \u003ca href=\"https://www.glaad.org/tdor\">organize\u003c/a> a vigil for transgender women\u003ca href=\"https://www.wbur.org/news/2020/07/15/two-decades-after-her-death-rita-hesters-family-reflects-on-her-spirit\"> Rita Hester\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://mediakron.bc.edu/lgbtqboston/map/the-murder-of-chanelle-pickett/the-murder-of-chanelle-pickett\">Chanelle Pickett\u003c/a> of Massachusetts. Both were women of color.\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\"No one I spoke with then knew who Chanelle Pickett was, even though the trial of her murderer, William Palmer, had ended only months before Hester's death,\" \u003ca href=\"https://www.huffpost.com/entry/transgender-day-of-remembrance-why-we-remember_b_2166234\">Ann Smith wrote in 2012\u003c/a>. \"It seemed clear to me then that we were forgetting our past, and were — to paraphrase George Santayana — doomed to repeat it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although the investigation is in its early stages, Vasquez said it's not lost on him that the shooting took place in a LGBTQ nightclub and on the eve of Transgender Day of Remembrance. He added that those details will be taken seriously.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I think there's a lot of work to be done before we can come to that determination,\" he said on whether the shooting was a hate crime. \"But certainly it feels that way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Biden and lawmakers respond, condemning anti-LGBTQ hate crimes\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Democratic Colorado Sen. Michael Bennet expressed his devastation upon hearing news of the shooting in his state and called for more protection and support of the LGBTQ community.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As we seek justice for this unimaginable act, we must do more to protect the LGBTQ community and stand firm against discrimination and hate in every form,\" he wrote on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932924\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\" style=\"max-width: 1024px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-11932924\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877.jpg\" alt=\"Flowers at a memorial with a young woman placing a candle.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877.jpg 1024w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877-1020x680.jpg 1020w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/GettyImages-1443151877-160x107.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People hold a vigil at a makeshift memorial near the Club Q nightclub on November 20, 2022 in Colorado Springs, Colorado. \u003ccite>(Scott Olson/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>President Biden said in a statement: \"There is no place for violence, hatred, and bigotry in America. Yet, tragically, as last night's attack in Colorado Springs reminds us, too many LGBTQI+ people in the United States — and around the world — continue to face unconscionable attacks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden called for Congress to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/live-updates/colorado-springs-club-q-shooting#president-biden-issues-another-statement-this-one-calling-for-passage-of-the-equality-act\">pass the Equality Act\u003c/a>, which would ban discrimination against people based on sexual orientation and gender identity. The bill stalled in the Senate after passing the House \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/02/24/969591569/house-to-vote-on-equality-act-heres-what-the-law-would-do\">in February 2021\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In June, Biden \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/25/1107626030/biden-signs-gun-safety-law\">signed\u003c/a> the first major gun safety law passed by Congress in nearly 30 years, a month after the mass shooting at an \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/series/1101183663/uvalde-elementary-school-shooting\">elementary school in Uvalde, Texas\u003c/a> that killed 19 children and two adults. The legislation expanded background checks on people between the ages of 18 and 21 seeking to buy a gun and expanded an existing law that prevents people convicted of domestic abuse from owning a gun.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But he said more must be done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to enact an assault weapons ban to get weapons of war off America's streets,\" Biden said in a White House press release.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Juliana Kim contributed reporting.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"slug": "fda-gives-nod-to-no-kill-meat",
"title": "FDA Gives Safety Nod to 'No Kill' Meat, Bringing It Closer to Sale in the U.S.",
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"headTitle": "FDA Gives Safety Nod to ‘No Kill’ Meat, Bringing It Closer to Sale in the U.S. | KQED",
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"content": "\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration has taken a first step towards allowing the sale of cultivated “no kill” meat in the U.S, giving a safety nod to Upside Foods, a San Francisco based start-up. The company produces meat grown from animal cells, without slaughtering the animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world is experiencing a food revolution and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-spurs-innovation-human-food-animal-cell-culture-technology\">FDA is committed to supporting innovation\u003c/a> in the food supply,” wrote FDA Commissioner Robert Califf and director of the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Susan Mayne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA reviewed more than 100 pages of documentation from \u003ca href=\"https://upsidefoods.com/\">Upside Foods\u003c/a>, and has now completed its pre-market consultation. The agency says it “has no further questions” about the firm’s conclusion that the products are safe to eat. This removes a key regulatory hurdle and could bring Upside Foods one step closer to selling its products in the U.S. The next steps are to work with the U.S. Department of Agriculture on labeling and inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upside Foods was co-founded by \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/team/uma-valeti-m-d/\">Uma Valeti\u003c/a>, a cardiologist who dreamt of producing meat in a different way. Instead of raising livestock on farms and killing them in slaughterhouses, Valeti wanted to find a way to “grow” meat in a production facility, by culturing animal cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concept for what’s now called “cultivated” meat came to Valeti when he was working with heart attack patients at the Mayo Clinic more than 15 years ago, growing human heart cells in a lab. It should be possible to grow meat with similar science, he realized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists could extract cells from an animal via a needle biopsy, place them in tanks, feed them the nutrients they need to proliferate, including fats, sugar, amino acids and vitamins, and end up with meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has taken years of experimentation by a crew of biologists, biochemists and engineers to turn that concept into a product ready to eat. “People said it was science fiction,” Valeti told me as we toured the company’s new 70,000-square-foot facility. If it gets a green light to start selling its meat, Upside’s production facility in Emeryville, Calif., will be able to produce over 50,000 pounds of cultivated meat products per year. “This is real,” Valeti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We suited up for the tour in gowns, goggles and hair nets to maintain food safety protocols and walked past shiny, brewery-style, stainless steel tanks reaching from floor to ceiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932331\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"A lobby of an office with long tables\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-2048x1362.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The lobby at Upside Foods is a dining area where one can see meat being produced through windows in a wall. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But these tanks — called cultivators in this industry — “brew” meat, not beer. We saw the cell bank where the animal cell samples are stored, the pipes that pump nutrients into the tanks, and finally the raw meat as it emerged from the production facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process had a futuristic vibe but by the end of the tour, it felt somehow ordinary to me — like a kind of hydroponic gardening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The facility’s glass walls look out into a busy upscale neighborhood, filled with restaurants, apartments and offices. Valeti says the glass walls are intentional — to signal transparency. “To create a paradigm change, people should be able to walk through and see and believe it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upside Foods could have lots of competition once cultivated meats enter the market. More than \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2021-Cultivated-Meat-State-of-the-Industry-Report-1.pdf\">80 companies (PDF)\u003c/a> are staking a future in the space. For instance, \u003ca href=\"https://www.goodmeat.co/\">Good Meat\u003c/a>, part of Eat Just, Inc., will serve its cultivated chicken at the COP-27 climate conference this week, after debuting its product \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-10/eat-just-to-open-asia-s-largest-cultivated-meat-facility-in-2023\">in Singapore\u003c/a>. Also, \u003ca href=\"https://scififoods.com/\">Sci-Fi Foods\u003c/a>, founded by self-proclaimed “burger-obsessed food lovers” aims to blend cultivated beef with a plant-based recipe to produce a hybrid burger that, they say, will be better for the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932332\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932332\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"tanks in a factory\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The cultivation room at Upside Foods. \u003ccite>(David Kay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The acceleration in investment comes as more consumers connect the dots between what they eat and the environment. An estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-021-00225-9\">one third of all human-induced greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a> come from food production and scientists warn it’s nearly impossible to meet climate goals \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/08/08/748416223/to-slow-global-warming-u-n-warns-agriculture-must-change\">without changing agriculture\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say beef has an especially \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/insights/6-pressing-questions-about-beef-and-climate-change-answered\">large environmental impact\u003c/a> because it requires a lot of land to graze animals and is a leading source of methane emissions. By comparison, it takes \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/insights/2018-will-see-high-meat-consumption-us-american-diet-shifting\">much less land\u003c/a> and grain to raise chickens. However, concentrated poultry operations are linked to \u003ca href=\"https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2020/05/01/report-finds-poultry-farming-sends-more-pollution-to-chesapeake-bay-than-previously-thought/\">water pollution\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, concentrated \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/npdes/animal-feeding-operations-afos\">animal feeding operations\u003c/a> are a risk factor for the emergence of diseases that spread between animals and people, as a U.N. report from 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-07/UNEP-Preventing-the-next-pandemic.pdf\">Preventing the Next Pandemic (PDF)\u003c/a>, warned.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A move from medicine to meat\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Valeti’s leap from cardiology to food innovation was inspired by a belief that there was a better way to bring meat to the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recalls working in a campus dining hall in medical school. He was sent to a slaughterhouse where he saw hundreds of chickens hanging on a production line. “They were literally moving past at blazing speed, they’d be upside down with blood everywhere,” Valeti recalls. “That was an image that just stayed in my head.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He became a vegetarian, but he knew many people are resolute carnivores. Despite calls from climate change scientists to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/01/27/688765872/this-diet-is-better-for-the-planet-but-is-it-better-for-you-too\">eat less meat\u003c/a>, the globe is demanding more of it. Americans now eat \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/statistics/per-capita-consumption-of-poultry-and-livestock-1965-to-estimated-2012-in-pounds/\">more than 220 pounds of meat per person, per year\u003c/a>, compared to 193 pounds a year in the early 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his aha moment in the cardiology lab, Valeti became convinced he could develop a viable technique for cultivating meat from animal cells. “Once I got that idea into my head it was nearly impossible to get out,” Valeti recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932333\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932333\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"two men in an office smile over a plate of grilled chicken\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Upside Foods CEO Uma Valeti (right) prepares to sample a recently cooked chicken breast. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He began raising money and started Upside (formerly called \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2020/01/22/798515259/ready-for-meat-grown-from-animal-cells-a-startup-plans-a-pilot-plant\">Memphis Meats\u003c/a>) in 2015. At the time his two children were young, and his wife, also a doctor, was supportive of the decision despite the risks involved in a start-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s won over plenty of investors along the way, including Bill Gates and venture capitalist John Doerr, and the company is now \u003ca href=\"https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/upside-foods/company_financials\">valued\u003c/a> at more than a billion dollars. Some of the largest companies involved in traditional meat production, including Tyson and Cargill, have also invested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the idea of meat grown in tanks elicits an “ick” response from many people, the emerging industry sees market potential. According to consumer research, 88% of Gen Z consumers in the U.S. say they’d be somewhat \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2021-Cultivated-Meat-State-of-the-Industry-Report-1.pdf\">open to trying cultivated meat (PDF)\u003c/a>, compared with about 72% of baby boomers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel super bullish on the prospects for plant-based meat as well as cultivated meat,” says \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/team/bruce-friedrich/\">Bruce Friedrich\u003c/a> of the Good Food Institute which tracks \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2021-Cultivated-Meat-State-of-the-Industry-Report-1.pdf\">investment trends (PDF)\u003c/a> and lobbies for alternative proteins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate-conscious consumers would be likely early adopters, Friedrich says, but for the market to really take off, the products need to taste great and be cost-competitive, he says. “Until they get there, they’re going to stay niche,” Friedrich predicts. “Price and taste are why people make their food decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I asked Valeti about price parity with conventional meat he said the goal is to be price-competitive. “It will take time to build,” Valeti acknowledged. As for taste, he says his team is ready to wow consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932334\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932334\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-800x978.jpg\" alt=\"fake chicken breast is prepared\" width=\"800\" height=\"978\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-800x978.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-1020x1247.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-160x196.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-1256x1536.jpg 1256w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-1675x2048.jpg 1675w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-1920x2347.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chicken breast is prepared at Upside Foods. Upside Foods is one of the biggest companies in the cultivated meats space, having raised upwards of $1 billion to continue research and development. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A visit to the test kitchen\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>During our visit, we stopped in the company’s state-of-the-art test kitchen for a taste of Upside Foods’ chicken. I was asked to sign a waiver before tasting it, because it’s not yet legal to sell cell-cultured meat in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was served a piece of their chicken, pan-fried in a white-wine butter sauce. My first reaction: “It’s delicious.” (Isn’t everything in wine-butter sauce?) And the texture was chewy, closely replicating the texture of chicken breast (minus bones, and tough bits or gristle.) “It tastes like chicken,” I said, to which Valeti quickly replied, “It\u003cem> is\u003c/em> chicken!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took Valeti and his team years to develop the technology behind these tasty bites. A key challenge was creating the feed for the cells. Cells need a mix of proteins, carbohydrates and fats (just as animals do) but, designing the exact formulation was part alchemy, and a lot of trial and error.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feed needed to maximize growth, but also produce a good taste, texture and nutritional value. He quickly realized no single scientist had the skills to figure this out alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A muscle biologist can focus on growth, but he brought in nutritional biochemists and engineers to tackle the competing challenges linked to taste and growth. “We had to develop a multidisciplinary team of scientists,” Valeti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture are working together on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2019/03/07/usda-and-fda-announce-formal-agreement-regulate-cell-cultured-food\">regulatory framework\u003c/a> “to help move these innovative products along into the U.S. market, as long as we’re making sure that everything can be done safely and with appropriate labeling,” Susan Mayne, Director of the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition at the FDA told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upside Food’s pre-market consultation was the first to be completed, and the FDA says it will review each company’s submission separately. “We encourage firms to have these conversations with us often and early in their product development phase,” an FDA spokesperson wrote in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2022/09/12/executive-order-on-advancing-biotechnology-and-biomanufacturing-innovation-for-a-sustainable-safe-and-secure-american-bioeconomy/\">executive order\u003c/a> from the Biden administration, which calls for advancing innovative solutions in climate change and food security, including “cultivating alternative food sources,” was viewed by many in the nascent cultivated food industry as a sign of increased momentum toward approval. The USDA is currently developing \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2021/09/02/usda-seeks-comments-labeling-meat-and-poultry-products-derived\">labeling requirements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932335\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932335\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"chicken breast prepared on a grill with tongs\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-2048x1362.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of Upside Foods’ many competitors, Good Meat, will serve its cultivated chicken at the COP-27 climate conference this week, after debuting its product in Singapore. Good Meat is one of the bigger companies in the cultivated meats space. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Debates over health and environmental impact\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are debates about whether cultivated meat is healthy — or potentially healthier than conventional meat. “It’s a very nuanced question without a very simple answer,” explains \u003ca href=\"https://ph.ucla.edu/faculty/hunnes\">Dana Hunnes\u003c/a>, a registered dietitian at UCLA Medical Center. Opinions tend to reflect the range of views about meat in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hunnes says cultivated meat may not appeal to vegans or vegetarians. She points to the healthfulness of plant-based diets, which is the diet she follows, and says some people don’t want to eat meat, no matter how it’s produced. Also, the cultivated meat industry has relied on fetal bovine serum from cows as a growth medium for the cells, though Upside Foods has developed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/upside-foods-acf-cell-media/\">animal component-free alternative\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most Americans are meat-eaters, and dieticians say meat is a good source of protein and important micronutrients including B vitamins. Part of the intrigue of cultivated meat is that it can be altered for improved nutrition. For instance, if cells were fed omega-3 fatty acids during the growing process, then, in theory, these heart-healthy fats could be absorbed into the meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is possible to create a so-called healthier version of the meat,” Hunnes says, though much of this has not yet been explored since the industry is so new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932337\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932337\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"scientists in a lab\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-2048x1362.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists at Good Meat work on cell cultures which will be used for the company’s cultivated meats. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From a public health perspective, a potential advantage of cultivated meat is the fact that without live animals to catch and spread disease, no antibiotics are needed in production facilities and there’s decreased likelihood of foodborne illness from intestinal pathogens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, salmonella, a bacteria that lives in animal intestines and is shed through their feces, would not be present in a cultivated meat production facility. “From a food safety standpoint, it probably has a one up” on the traditional meat industry, Hunnes says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because this is a new industry, there are potential unknowns. Some scientists say it’s possible that \u003ca href=\"https://ojs.qiu.edu.my/journal/index.php/qijmhs/article/view/48\">unforeseen biological mechanisms \u003c/a>could occur as the meat grows, such as cells multiplying in unpredictable ways. There’s a continued need for research as the industry heads toward commercialization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932338\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-71_custom-54a2bbfc86d23316472489ee7440320ed2d61e54.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11932338\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-71_custom-54a2bbfc86d23316472489ee7440320ed2d61e54.jpg\" alt=\"a portrait of a man in a lab coat and glasses\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-71_custom-54a2bbfc86d23316472489ee7440320ed2d61e54.jpg 200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-71_custom-54a2bbfc86d23316472489ee7440320ed2d61e54-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Upside Foods CEO Uma Valeti. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first cultivated meat products were produced from cells biopsied directly from live animals. But this process isn’t efficient. Over the last few years, start-ups have worked to identify “immortalized” cell lines, that “can be grown almost indefinitely without having to go back to the animal,” explains David Kaplan, professor of biomedical engineering of Tufts University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His lab received a \u003ca href=\"https://now.tufts.edu/2021/10/15/tufts-receives-10-million-grant-help-develop-cultivated-meat\">$10 million grant \u003c/a>from the USDA to help develop the cultured meat industry. “We need more and more,” immortalized cell lines, Kaplan says, as the industry looks to expand to different types of meat, poultry and fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another unknown is the exact climate impact of cultivated meat. Researchers at the University of Oxford modeled the \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00005/full\">potential climate change impact of cattle compared to cultivated meat\u003c/a>. One advantage of cultivated meat is that it will not produce methane emissions, which is a potent greenhouse gas produced by cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the cultivated meat industry will contribute to CO2 emissions, given that its production facilities will use electricity. The researchers conclude that the relative impact will be determined by whether — or how quickly — the energy used to power the cultivated meat production facilities comes from clean-energy, or decarbonized energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Culinary future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Valeti, the potential benefits of cultivated meat are too important not to try to overcome the obstacles. He sees a future with a better alternative to the current system of producing meat, and he’s determined to create it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valeti says, ultimately, as a doctor he might have been able to help a few thousand patients during his career. But, by taking the leap to cultivated meat, with its potential promise to overhaul meat production, he believes he can have a larger impact. “This could literally affect billions of human lives and save potentially trillions of animal lives,” Valeti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While awaiting regulatory approval, he’s moving forward to bring the product to people’s plates. He has signed a partnership with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ateliercrenn.com/\">Dominique Crenn,\u003c/a> the co-owner and chef of the three-Michelin-starred restaurant Atelier Crenn in San Francisco, who has agreed to provide culinary consulting and recipe development and — once the new product is approved for market — to serve Upside’s cultivated chicken at her restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=From+science+fiction+to+reality%2C+%27no+kill%27+meat+may+be+coming+soon&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Food and Drug Administration has taken a first step towards allowing the sale of cultivated “no kill” meat in the U.S, giving a safety nod to Upside Foods, a San Francisco based start-up. The company produces meat grown from animal cells, without slaughtering the animal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The world is experiencing a food revolution and the \u003ca href=\"https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-spurs-innovation-human-food-animal-cell-culture-technology\">FDA is committed to supporting innovation\u003c/a> in the food supply,” wrote FDA Commissioner Robert Califf and director of the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Susan Mayne.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA reviewed more than 100 pages of documentation from \u003ca href=\"https://upsidefoods.com/\">Upside Foods\u003c/a>, and has now completed its pre-market consultation. The agency says it “has no further questions” about the firm’s conclusion that the products are safe to eat. This removes a key regulatory hurdle and could bring Upside Foods one step closer to selling its products in the U.S. The next steps are to work with the U.S. Department of Agriculture on labeling and inspection.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upside Foods was co-founded by \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/team/uma-valeti-m-d/\">Uma Valeti\u003c/a>, a cardiologist who dreamt of producing meat in a different way. Instead of raising livestock on farms and killing them in slaughterhouses, Valeti wanted to find a way to “grow” meat in a production facility, by culturing animal cells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The concept for what’s now called “cultivated” meat came to Valeti when he was working with heart attack patients at the Mayo Clinic more than 15 years ago, growing human heart cells in a lab. It should be possible to grow meat with similar science, he realized.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists could extract cells from an animal via a needle biopsy, place them in tanks, feed them the nutrients they need to proliferate, including fats, sugar, amino acids and vitamins, and end up with meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It has taken years of experimentation by a crew of biologists, biochemists and engineers to turn that concept into a product ready to eat. “People said it was science fiction,” Valeti told me as we toured the company’s new 70,000-square-foot facility. If it gets a green light to start selling its meat, Upside’s production facility in Emeryville, Calif., will be able to produce over 50,000 pounds of cultivated meat products per year. “This is real,” Valeti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We suited up for the tour in gowns, goggles and hair nets to maintain food safety protocols and walked past shiny, brewery-style, stainless steel tanks reaching from floor to ceiling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932331\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932331\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"A lobby of an office with long tables\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-2048x1362.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-10_custom-b9363fef708e8ecf48bf1dad490718569f63cccf-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The lobby at Upside Foods is a dining area where one can see meat being produced through windows in a wall. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>But these tanks — called cultivators in this industry — “brew” meat, not beer. We saw the cell bank where the animal cell samples are stored, the pipes that pump nutrients into the tanks, and finally the raw meat as it emerged from the production facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The process had a futuristic vibe but by the end of the tour, it felt somehow ordinary to me — like a kind of hydroponic gardening.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The facility’s glass walls look out into a busy upscale neighborhood, filled with restaurants, apartments and offices. Valeti says the glass walls are intentional — to signal transparency. “To create a paradigm change, people should be able to walk through and see and believe it,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upside Foods could have lots of competition once cultivated meats enter the market. More than \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2021-Cultivated-Meat-State-of-the-Industry-Report-1.pdf\">80 companies (PDF)\u003c/a> are staking a future in the space. For instance, \u003ca href=\"https://www.goodmeat.co/\">Good Meat\u003c/a>, part of Eat Just, Inc., will serve its cultivated chicken at the COP-27 climate conference this week, after debuting its product \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-06-10/eat-just-to-open-asia-s-largest-cultivated-meat-facility-in-2023\">in Singapore\u003c/a>. Also, \u003ca href=\"https://scififoods.com/\">Sci-Fi Foods\u003c/a>, founded by self-proclaimed “burger-obsessed food lovers” aims to blend cultivated beef with a plant-based recipe to produce a hybrid burger that, they say, will be better for the planet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932332\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932332\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"tanks in a factory\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254-1920x1279.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/cultivation-room-upside-foods-2-_custom-aa793d289739ebdb2fba45aa3391dbc6734c0254.jpg 2000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The cultivation room at Upside Foods. \u003ccite>(David Kay)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The acceleration in investment comes as more consumers connect the dots between what they eat and the environment. An estimated \u003ca href=\"https://www.nature.com/articles/s43016-021-00225-9\">one third of all human-induced greenhouse gas emissions\u003c/a> come from food production and scientists warn it’s nearly impossible to meet climate goals \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/08/08/748416223/to-slow-global-warming-u-n-warns-agriculture-must-change\">without changing agriculture\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scientists say beef has an especially \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/insights/6-pressing-questions-about-beef-and-climate-change-answered\">large environmental impact\u003c/a> because it requires a lot of land to graze animals and is a leading source of methane emissions. By comparison, it takes \u003ca href=\"https://www.wri.org/insights/2018-will-see-high-meat-consumption-us-american-diet-shifting\">much less land\u003c/a> and grain to raise chickens. However, concentrated poultry operations are linked to \u003ca href=\"https://stateimpact.npr.org/pennsylvania/2020/05/01/report-finds-poultry-farming-sends-more-pollution-to-chesapeake-bay-than-previously-thought/\">water pollution\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Furthermore, concentrated \u003ca href=\"https://www.epa.gov/npdes/animal-feeding-operations-afos\">animal feeding operations\u003c/a> are a risk factor for the emergence of diseases that spread between animals and people, as a U.N. report from 2020, \u003ca href=\"https://unsdg.un.org/sites/default/files/2020-07/UNEP-Preventing-the-next-pandemic.pdf\">Preventing the Next Pandemic (PDF)\u003c/a>, warned.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A move from medicine to meat\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Valeti’s leap from cardiology to food innovation was inspired by a belief that there was a better way to bring meat to the table.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He recalls working in a campus dining hall in medical school. He was sent to a slaughterhouse where he saw hundreds of chickens hanging on a production line. “They were literally moving past at blazing speed, they’d be upside down with blood everywhere,” Valeti recalls. “That was an image that just stayed in my head.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He became a vegetarian, but he knew many people are resolute carnivores. Despite calls from climate change scientists to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2019/01/27/688765872/this-diet-is-better-for-the-planet-but-is-it-better-for-you-too\">eat less meat\u003c/a>, the globe is demanding more of it. Americans now eat \u003ca href=\"https://www.nationalchickencouncil.org/about-the-industry/statistics/per-capita-consumption-of-poultry-and-livestock-1965-to-estimated-2012-in-pounds/\">more than 220 pounds of meat per person, per year\u003c/a>, compared to 193 pounds a year in the early 1980s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After his aha moment in the cardiology lab, Valeti became convinced he could develop a viable technique for cultivating meat from animal cells. “Once I got that idea into my head it was nearly impossible to get out,” Valeti recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932333\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932333\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"two men in an office smile over a plate of grilled chicken\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-800x533.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-160x107.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-2048x1364.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-8_custom-8d426c3eab1dcbb8d0b1947f62bacb0dc7999c48-1920x1278.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Upside Foods CEO Uma Valeti (right) prepares to sample a recently cooked chicken breast. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>He began raising money and started Upside (formerly called \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2020/01/22/798515259/ready-for-meat-grown-from-animal-cells-a-startup-plans-a-pilot-plant\">Memphis Meats\u003c/a>) in 2015. At the time his two children were young, and his wife, also a doctor, was supportive of the decision despite the risks involved in a start-up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He’s won over plenty of investors along the way, including Bill Gates and venture capitalist John Doerr, and the company is now \u003ca href=\"https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/upside-foods/company_financials\">valued\u003c/a> at more than a billion dollars. Some of the largest companies involved in traditional meat production, including Tyson and Cargill, have also invested.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the idea of meat grown in tanks elicits an “ick” response from many people, the emerging industry sees market potential. According to consumer research, 88% of Gen Z consumers in the U.S. say they’d be somewhat \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2021-Cultivated-Meat-State-of-the-Industry-Report-1.pdf\">open to trying cultivated meat (PDF)\u003c/a>, compared with about 72% of baby boomers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We feel super bullish on the prospects for plant-based meat as well as cultivated meat,” says \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/team/bruce-friedrich/\">Bruce Friedrich\u003c/a> of the Good Food Institute which tracks \u003ca href=\"https://gfi.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/2021-Cultivated-Meat-State-of-the-Industry-Report-1.pdf\">investment trends (PDF)\u003c/a> and lobbies for alternative proteins.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Climate-conscious consumers would be likely early adopters, Friedrich says, but for the market to really take off, the products need to taste great and be cost-competitive, he says. “Until they get there, they’re going to stay niche,” Friedrich predicts. “Price and taste are why people make their food decisions.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When I asked Valeti about price parity with conventional meat he said the goal is to be price-competitive. “It will take time to build,” Valeti acknowledged. As for taste, he says his team is ready to wow consumers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932334\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932334\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-800x978.jpg\" alt=\"fake chicken breast is prepared\" width=\"800\" height=\"978\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-800x978.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-1020x1247.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-160x196.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-1256x1536.jpg 1256w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-1675x2048.jpg 1675w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/trip_meat_4_custom-231578ab77af30396881277aa0d6bc316c65c3c8-1920x2347.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Chicken breast is prepared at Upside Foods. Upside Foods is one of the biggest companies in the cultivated meats space, having raised upwards of $1 billion to continue research and development. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>A visit to the test kitchen\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>During our visit, we stopped in the company’s state-of-the-art test kitchen for a taste of Upside Foods’ chicken. I was asked to sign a waiver before tasting it, because it’s not yet legal to sell cell-cultured meat in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was served a piece of their chicken, pan-fried in a white-wine butter sauce. My first reaction: “It’s delicious.” (Isn’t everything in wine-butter sauce?) And the texture was chewy, closely replicating the texture of chicken breast (minus bones, and tough bits or gristle.) “It tastes like chicken,” I said, to which Valeti quickly replied, “It\u003cem> is\u003c/em> chicken!”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It took Valeti and his team years to develop the technology behind these tasty bites. A key challenge was creating the feed for the cells. Cells need a mix of proteins, carbohydrates and fats (just as animals do) but, designing the exact formulation was part alchemy, and a lot of trial and error.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The feed needed to maximize growth, but also produce a good taste, texture and nutritional value. He quickly realized no single scientist had the skills to figure this out alone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A muscle biologist can focus on growth, but he brought in nutritional biochemists and engineers to tackle the competing challenges linked to taste and growth. “We had to develop a multidisciplinary team of scientists,” Valeti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The FDA and the U.S. Department of Agriculture are working together on a \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2019/03/07/usda-and-fda-announce-formal-agreement-regulate-cell-cultured-food\">regulatory framework\u003c/a> “to help move these innovative products along into the U.S. market, as long as we’re making sure that everything can be done safely and with appropriate labeling,” Susan Mayne, Director of the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition at the FDA told NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Upside Food’s pre-market consultation was the first to be completed, and the FDA says it will review each company’s submission separately. “We encourage firms to have these conversations with us often and early in their product development phase,” an FDA spokesperson wrote in an email.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A recent \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2022/09/12/executive-order-on-advancing-biotechnology-and-biomanufacturing-innovation-for-a-sustainable-safe-and-secure-american-bioeconomy/\">executive order\u003c/a> from the Biden administration, which calls for advancing innovative solutions in climate change and food security, including “cultivating alternative food sources,” was viewed by many in the nascent cultivated food industry as a sign of increased momentum toward approval. The USDA is currently developing \u003ca href=\"https://www.usda.gov/media/press-releases/2021/09/02/usda-seeks-comments-labeling-meat-and-poultry-products-derived\">labeling requirements\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932335\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932335\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"chicken breast prepared on a grill with tongs\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-2048x1362.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-11_custom-43543ba672fed685d53a8e98946ca9b5421e0c87-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">One of Upside Foods’ many competitors, Good Meat, will serve its cultivated chicken at the COP-27 climate conference this week, after debuting its product in Singapore. Good Meat is one of the bigger companies in the cultivated meats space. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003ch2>Debates over health and environmental impact\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>There are debates about whether cultivated meat is healthy — or potentially healthier than conventional meat. “It’s a very nuanced question without a very simple answer,” explains \u003ca href=\"https://ph.ucla.edu/faculty/hunnes\">Dana Hunnes\u003c/a>, a registered dietitian at UCLA Medical Center. Opinions tend to reflect the range of views about meat in general.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hunnes says cultivated meat may not appeal to vegans or vegetarians. She points to the healthfulness of plant-based diets, which is the diet she follows, and says some people don’t want to eat meat, no matter how it’s produced. Also, the cultivated meat industry has relied on fetal bovine serum from cows as a growth medium for the cells, though Upside Foods has developed an \u003ca href=\"https://www.greenqueen.com.hk/upside-foods-acf-cell-media/\">animal component-free alternative\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But most Americans are meat-eaters, and dieticians say meat is a good source of protein and important micronutrients including B vitamins. Part of the intrigue of cultivated meat is that it can be altered for improved nutrition. For instance, if cells were fed omega-3 fatty acids during the growing process, then, in theory, these heart-healthy fats could be absorbed into the meat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is possible to create a so-called healthier version of the meat,” Hunnes says, though much of this has not yet been explored since the industry is so new.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932337\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932337\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-800x532.jpg\" alt=\"scientists in a lab\" width=\"800\" height=\"532\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-800x532.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-1020x679.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-160x106.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-1536x1022.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-2048x1362.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-5_custom-9f241d331200a3e8e91c0e4c0a3f889603b48b58-1920x1277.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scientists at Good Meat work on cell cultures which will be used for the company’s cultivated meats. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>From a public health perspective, a potential advantage of cultivated meat is the fact that without live animals to catch and spread disease, no antibiotics are needed in production facilities and there’s decreased likelihood of foodborne illness from intestinal pathogens.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, salmonella, a bacteria that lives in animal intestines and is shed through their feces, would not be present in a cultivated meat production facility. “From a food safety standpoint, it probably has a one up” on the traditional meat industry, Hunnes says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Because this is a new industry, there are potential unknowns. Some scientists say it’s possible that \u003ca href=\"https://ojs.qiu.edu.my/journal/index.php/qijmhs/article/view/48\">unforeseen biological mechanisms \u003c/a>could occur as the meat grows, such as cells multiplying in unpredictable ways. There’s a continued need for research as the industry heads toward commercialization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932338\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 200px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-71_custom-54a2bbfc86d23316472489ee7440320ed2d61e54.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-11932338\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-71_custom-54a2bbfc86d23316472489ee7440320ed2d61e54.jpg\" alt=\"a portrait of a man in a lab coat and glasses\" width=\"200\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-71_custom-54a2bbfc86d23316472489ee7440320ed2d61e54.jpg 200w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/homemt_edited-71_custom-54a2bbfc86d23316472489ee7440320ed2d61e54-160x240.jpg 160w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Upside Foods CEO Uma Valeti. \u003ccite>(Brian L. Frank for NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The first cultivated meat products were produced from cells biopsied directly from live animals. But this process isn’t efficient. Over the last few years, start-ups have worked to identify “immortalized” cell lines, that “can be grown almost indefinitely without having to go back to the animal,” explains David Kaplan, professor of biomedical engineering of Tufts University.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His lab received a \u003ca href=\"https://now.tufts.edu/2021/10/15/tufts-receives-10-million-grant-help-develop-cultivated-meat\">$10 million grant \u003c/a>from the USDA to help develop the cultured meat industry. “We need more and more,” immortalized cell lines, Kaplan says, as the industry looks to expand to different types of meat, poultry and fish.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another unknown is the exact climate impact of cultivated meat. Researchers at the University of Oxford modeled the \u003ca href=\"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fsufs.2019.00005/full\">potential climate change impact of cattle compared to cultivated meat\u003c/a>. One advantage of cultivated meat is that it will not produce methane emissions, which is a potent greenhouse gas produced by cattle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the cultivated meat industry will contribute to CO2 emissions, given that its production facilities will use electricity. The researchers conclude that the relative impact will be determined by whether — or how quickly — the energy used to power the cultivated meat production facilities comes from clean-energy, or decarbonized energy.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Culinary future\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Valeti, the potential benefits of cultivated meat are too important not to try to overcome the obstacles. He sees a future with a better alternative to the current system of producing meat, and he’s determined to create it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Valeti says, ultimately, as a doctor he might have been able to help a few thousand patients during his career. But, by taking the leap to cultivated meat, with its potential promise to overhaul meat production, he believes he can have a larger impact. “This could literally affect billions of human lives and save potentially trillions of animal lives,” Valeti says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While awaiting regulatory approval, he’s moving forward to bring the product to people’s plates. He has signed a partnership with \u003ca href=\"https://www.ateliercrenn.com/\">Dominique Crenn,\u003c/a> the co-owner and chef of the three-Michelin-starred restaurant Atelier Crenn in San Francisco, who has agreed to provide culinary consulting and recipe development and — once the new product is approved for market — to serve Upside’s cultivated chicken at her restaurant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=From+science+fiction+to+reality%2C+%27no+kill%27+meat+may+be+coming+soon&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>New owner Elon Musk has told remaining Twitter employees they will need to decide by Thursday afternoon whether to stay at the company or quit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to staff entitled \"A Fork in the Road,\" Musk said Twitter would \"need to be extremely hardcore\" to succeed. Those who choose to stay should expect long, intense hours of work. Those who leave will receive three months' severance pay, he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the ultimatum, first reported by \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/16/musk-twitter-email-ultimatum-termination/\">\u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Musk wrote that he values engineers over designers, project managers and other staff in what he envisions will be \"a software and servers company.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The combative message is the latest sign of escalating tensions inside Twitter, a company that has been beset by chaos and confusion since the billionaire's $44 billion takeover in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk immediately fired top executives. Since then, he's laid off about half of the staff, or roughly 3,700 employees, and fired others after they publicly criticized him. People who held key roles in divisions including content moderation, cybersecurity and legal compliance have resigned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has claimed his shakeup is part of an effort to make Twitter more profitable, something that has long been a struggle for the platform. He also says the company needs to move away from advertising and derive most of its revenue from other sources, like Twitter Blue, the now-paused service that was revamped under Musk and had a tumultuous premiere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One issue hanging over the company: its financial outlook now that it is newly saddled with debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk borrowed $13 billion to buy Twitter in a purchase widely seen as overpriced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ad sales, which make up nearly all of its revenue, have dropped as advertisers take a wait-and-see approach to both the broader economy and Musk's leadership of Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Twitter is estimated to have a $1 billion debt service payment on the debt Musk secured to complete his takeover, and the company's ability to make that payment has been in question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has even floated the possibility of possible bankruptcy, which would allow Twitter to restructure its debt, but remains unclear how serious Musk was about that threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Bobby Allyn contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>New owner Elon Musk has told remaining Twitter employees they will need to decide by Thursday afternoon whether to stay at the company or quit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an email to staff entitled \"A Fork in the Road,\" Musk said Twitter would \"need to be extremely hardcore\" to succeed. Those who choose to stay should expect long, intense hours of work. Those who leave will receive three months' severance pay, he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the ultimatum, first reported by \u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/16/musk-twitter-email-ultimatum-termination/\">\u003cem>The Washington Post\u003c/em>\u003c/a>, Musk wrote that he values engineers over designers, project managers and other staff in what he envisions will be \"a software and servers company.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The combative message is the latest sign of escalating tensions inside Twitter, a company that has been beset by chaos and confusion since the billionaire's $44 billion takeover in October.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk immediately fired top executives. Since then, he's laid off about half of the staff, or roughly 3,700 employees, and fired others after they publicly criticized him. People who held key roles in divisions including content moderation, cybersecurity and legal compliance have resigned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has claimed his shakeup is part of an effort to make Twitter more profitable, something that has long been a struggle for the platform. He also says the company needs to move away from advertising and derive most of its revenue from other sources, like Twitter Blue, the now-paused service that was revamped under Musk and had a tumultuous premiere.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One issue hanging over the company: its financial outlook now that it is newly saddled with debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk borrowed $13 billion to buy Twitter in a purchase widely seen as overpriced.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ad sales, which make up nearly all of its revenue, have dropped as advertisers take a wait-and-see approach to both the broader economy and Musk's leadership of Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, Twitter is estimated to have a $1 billion debt service payment on the debt Musk secured to complete his takeover, and the company's ability to make that payment has been in question.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk has even floated the possibility of possible bankruptcy, which would allow Twitter to restructure its debt, but remains unclear how serious Musk was about that threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Bobby Allyn contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It wasn’t the red wave many top Republicans predicted, but the GOP eked out enough wins in contested seats to gain control of the House of Representatives, according to The Associated Press. With some races still not called a week after Election Day, Republicans picked up at least 218 seats, and will take over the chamber next year with GOP leaders facing blowback about failing to deliver in what many considered a favorable political environment for their party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potentially single-digit margin ushers in a new era of divided government in Washington. Going into the 2022 midterm elections, Democrats knew historic trends would favor that the party out of power gains seats. House Democrats’ razor-thin five-seat majority, plus a significant number of retirements by veteran members, set up an uphill battle for them to retain power. Yet despite those historical headwinds, Democrats did much better than expected in this year’s midterms and kept control of the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Republican House will likely clash on most issues with a Democratic Senate in 2023, with bitter fights over basic functions like funding the government threatening to paralyze Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GOP candidates hoped to capitalize on voter frustration with the rising costs of groceries and gas, framing the election as a referendum on President Joe Biden and his party’s rule of both the White House and Congress. But voters in exit polls indicated other issues like abortion rights and protecting democracy factored into their decisions at the ballot box. Redistricting in New York and Florida also helped the GOP overcome lackluster results in most of the races rated as toss-ups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time the president and top congressional leaders were from different parties was 2019, when Democrats regained control of the House in the 2018 midterms, two years after former President Donald Trump was elected president. A new House Republican majority will mean President Biden’s legislative agenda is essentially dead, unless he can find bipartisan support for some narrowly crafted proposals. Biden’s focus during the next two years of his presidency will likely be spent defending his signature accomplishments, like a bill lowering prescription drug prices and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/17/1117725655/the-spending-bill-will-cut-emissions-but-marginalized-groups-feel-they-were-sold\">investing\u003c/a> hundreds of billions of dollars to tackle climate change. GOP lawmakers have already said they want to roll back some of Biden’s programs, or defund many of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden White House will also face an onslaught of investigations on a wide range of issues. Top GOP members on the House Oversight and Judiciary committees have already said they \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/04/1134449665/republicans-investigation-fbi-doj-midterms\">plan to probe\u003c/a> the business dealings of Biden’s son, Hunter Biden, the president’s border policies, the origins of the coronavirus, and the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan. But because the margin is so slim there may be pressure from more moderate Republicans to pull back on some of the probes and instead focus on issues that show a GOP chamber can govern.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New speaker of the House, new agenda\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., is poised to take the gavel as speaker in January when the new Congress is sworn in and the full chamber votes on the top position, which is second in line to the presidency, after the vice president. McCarthy is a longtime ally of former President Donald Trump and will manage a GOP conference with many members largely loyal to Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though McCarthy is on track to win an internal vote for the post this week he doesn’t have the 218 votes now that he will need in the public vote on January 3, when the new Congress elects a speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarthy first ran for speaker in 2015 to succeed Speaker John Boehner, who was retiring. But he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/10/08/446889538/mccarthy-drops-out-of-speaker-race-throwing-gop-leadership-into-chaos\">abruptly withdrew\u003c/a> from the race, a sign he recognized he didn’t have the votes. He went on to serve as House Speaker Paul Ryan’s number two at the leadership table, and since then has developed close relationships with many of the conservatives who derailed his initial bid for the top slot. McCarthy is regarded as skilled at developing personal relationships across his conference after years of criss-crossing the country campaigning and raising money for GOP candidates. But he has not developed much of a record as a legislator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarthy and top GOP leaders unveiled\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/22/1124486339/house-gop-unveils-its-legislative-roadmap-if-they-win-back-the-house-in-november\"> their agenda\u003c/a>, called a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.republicanleader.gov/commitment/\">Commitment to America\u003c/a>” in September. It focuses on broad goals in four areas: the economy, security, personal freedom and government accountability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep Jim. Jordan, who is expected to take the gavel as the chair of the House Judiciary Committee sent letters to \u003ca href=\"https://republicans-judiciary.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-02-JDJ-to-Garland-re-responsiveness-politicization.pdf\">Attorney General Merrick Garland (PDF) \u003c/a>and FBI Director \u003ca href=\"https://republicans-judiciary.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-02-JDJ-to-Wray-re-responsiveness.pdf\">Christopher Wray (PDF)\u003c/a> the week before the election outlining lengthy lists of materials the panel was seeking and directing the agency heads to preserve materials ahead of continuing probes in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans also plan to change House rules that currently allow for proxy voting — a practice Democrats put into place during the coronavirus pandemic. They also pledge to remove the magnetometers that were placed at entrances to the House floor following the January 6 attack on the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Questions about future of Democratic leaders, leftover business\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., 82, has not announced whether she will run to lead the House Democratic Caucus. In 2007, Pelosi became the first woman to be speaker, shattering the so-called marble ceiling in Congress. She took the gavel a second time in 2019, after leading her party back to the majority, but indicated that she would abide by a pledge that helped her secure the votes for speaker to term limit her tenure in leadership. Many newer members have expressed support for paving the way for a new, likely younger Democrat to take the helm of the caucus. The current caucus chair, Rep. Hakeem Jeffries, D-N.Y., is expected to run for the post as minority leader if Pelosi decides to retire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But Democrats’ strong performance in the midterms has frozen any movement to replace Pelosi. She says some of her colleagues are urging her to run again for the top leadership post, and says the attack on her husband Paul Pelosi roughly 10 days before the election will impact her decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before Republicans take control of the chamber, Congress is already preparing for a lame duck session that is expected to stretch into the end of the year. Leaders hope to finalize a bipartisan budget deal to fund government agencies through the rest of the fiscal year and avoid a possible government shutdown. Pelosi also indicated that she would like Congress to raise the debt limit to avoid any contentious debate and threat of default early next year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democratic leaders also plan to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/21/1124239193/house-legislation-electoral-count-act-reform\">pass legislation \u003c/a>that would clarify how Congress certifies the results of presidential elections with a revamp of the Electoral Count Act, a law first enacted in 1887. Confusion over provisions of the law was exploited by Trump and his allies on January 6, 2021 and lawmakers say the new law is needed to prevent another attack on the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It wasn’t the red wave many top Republicans predicted, but the GOP eked out enough wins in contested seats to gain control of the House of Representatives, according to The Associated Press. With some races still not called a week after Election Day, Republicans picked up at least 218 seats, and will take over the chamber next year with GOP leaders facing blowback about failing to deliver in what many considered a favorable political environment for their party.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The potentially single-digit margin ushers in a new era of divided government in Washington. Going into the 2022 midterm elections, Democrats knew historic trends would favor that the party out of power gains seats. House Democrats’ razor-thin five-seat majority, plus a significant number of retirements by veteran members, set up an uphill battle for them to retain power. Yet despite those historical headwinds, Democrats did much better than expected in this year’s midterms and kept control of the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A Republican House will likely clash on most issues with a Democratic Senate in 2023, with bitter fights over basic functions like funding the government threatening to paralyze Washington.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>GOP candidates hoped to capitalize on voter frustration with the rising costs of groceries and gas, framing the election as a referendum on President Joe Biden and his party’s rule of both the White House and Congress. But voters in exit polls indicated other issues like abortion rights and protecting democracy factored into their decisions at the ballot box. Redistricting in New York and Florida also helped the GOP overcome lackluster results in most of the races rated as toss-ups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last time the president and top congressional leaders were from different parties was 2019, when Democrats regained control of the House in the 2018 midterms, two years after former President Donald Trump was elected president. A new House Republican majority will mean President Biden’s legislative agenda is essentially dead, unless he can find bipartisan support for some narrowly crafted proposals. Biden’s focus during the next two years of his presidency will likely be spent defending his signature accomplishments, like a bill lowering prescription drug prices and \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/17/1117725655/the-spending-bill-will-cut-emissions-but-marginalized-groups-feel-they-were-sold\">investing\u003c/a> hundreds of billions of dollars to tackle climate change. GOP lawmakers have already said they want to roll back some of Biden’s programs, or defund many of them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden White House will also face an onslaught of investigations on a wide range of issues. Top GOP members on the House Oversight and Judiciary committees have already said they \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/04/1134449665/republicans-investigation-fbi-doj-midterms\">plan to probe\u003c/a> the business dealings of Biden’s son, Hunter Biden, the president’s border policies, the origins of the coronavirus, and the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan. But because the margin is so slim there may be pressure from more moderate Republicans to pull back on some of the probes and instead focus on issues that show a GOP chamber can govern.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>New speaker of the House, new agenda\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>House Minority Leader Kevin McCarthy, R-Calif., is poised to take the gavel as speaker in January when the new Congress is sworn in and the full chamber votes on the top position, which is second in line to the presidency, after the vice president. McCarthy is a longtime ally of former President Donald Trump and will manage a GOP conference with many members largely loyal to Trump.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though McCarthy is on track to win an internal vote for the post this week he doesn’t have the 218 votes now that he will need in the public vote on January 3, when the new Congress elects a speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarthy first ran for speaker in 2015 to succeed Speaker John Boehner, who was retiring. But he \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/10/08/446889538/mccarthy-drops-out-of-speaker-race-throwing-gop-leadership-into-chaos\">abruptly withdrew\u003c/a> from the race, a sign he recognized he didn’t have the votes. He went on to serve as House Speaker Paul Ryan’s number two at the leadership table, and since then has developed close relationships with many of the conservatives who derailed his initial bid for the top slot. McCarthy is regarded as skilled at developing personal relationships across his conference after years of criss-crossing the country campaigning and raising money for GOP candidates. But he has not developed much of a record as a legislator.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarthy and top GOP leaders unveiled\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/22/1124486339/house-gop-unveils-its-legislative-roadmap-if-they-win-back-the-house-in-november\"> their agenda\u003c/a>, called a “\u003ca href=\"https://www.republicanleader.gov/commitment/\">Commitment to America\u003c/a>” in September. It focuses on broad goals in four areas: the economy, security, personal freedom and government accountability.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rep Jim. Jordan, who is expected to take the gavel as the chair of the House Judiciary Committee sent letters to \u003ca href=\"https://republicans-judiciary.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-02-JDJ-to-Garland-re-responsiveness-politicization.pdf\">Attorney General Merrick Garland (PDF) \u003c/a>and FBI Director \u003ca href=\"https://republicans-judiciary.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022-11-02-JDJ-to-Wray-re-responsiveness.pdf\">Christopher Wray (PDF)\u003c/a> the week before the election outlining lengthy lists of materials the panel was seeking and directing the agency heads to preserve materials ahead of continuing probes in 2023.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republicans also plan to change House rules that currently allow for proxy voting — a practice Democrats put into place during the coronavirus pandemic. They also pledge to remove the magnetometers that were placed at entrances to the House floor following the January 6 attack on the Capitol.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Questions about future of Democratic leaders, leftover business\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, D-Calif., 82, has not announced whether she will run to lead the House Democratic Caucus. In 2007, Pelosi became the first woman to be speaker, shattering the so-called marble ceiling in Congress. She took the gavel a second time in 2019, after leading her party back to the majority, but indicated that she would abide by a pledge that helped her secure the votes for speaker to term limit her tenure in leadership. Many newer members have expressed support for paving the way for a new, likely younger Democrat to take the helm of the caucus. The current caucus chair, Rep. 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"content": "\u003cp>For more than two decades, the U.S. tech industry has been a reliable source of booming stocks and cushy, high-paid jobs. In the span of weeks, the sheen has faded and the ax has fallen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 24,000 tech workers across 72 companies have been laid off this month, adding to a total of 120,000 tech jobs lost this year, \u003ca href=\"https://layoffs.fyi/\">according to layoffs.fyi\u003c/a>, which tracks job cuts in the tech industry. It’s safe to say a reckoning is underway, even as each company is grappling with its own challenges. (See: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/12/1136205315/musk-twitter-bankruptcy-how-likely\">Twitter\u003c/a>.)[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11931311,forum_2010101891200,news_11931727\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the companies making public statements have cited at least one of two primary causes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, they hired a lot of employees during the pandemic, when people were extremely online. Now, the internet boom has faded, offline life has picked up, and those new employees seem too expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, broader economic wobbles have made brands more reluctant to spend on digital ads — a source of revenue for many tech companies. High interest rates have put an end to the cheap-money era of venture capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the companies that have announced the biggest job cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Amazon: a reported 10,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The online retail and cloud computing behemoth plans to lay off some 10,000 employees in corporate and technology jobs,\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/14/technology/amazon-layoffs.html\"> \u003cem>The New York Times \u003c/em>was the first to report\u003c/a> on Monday. Amazon did not reply to an NPR request for confirmation of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this fall, Amazon employed more than 1.5 million full- and part-time workers around the world, many in warehouses. The 10,000 expected layoffs would comprise about 3% of Amazon’s corporate employees, according to the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em>, and a significantly smaller share of its overall workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cuts reportedly will focus on Amazon’s devices division, including Alexa, the company’s virtual assistant technology, as well as its retail and human resources divisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/workplace/a-note-about-hiring-from-beth-galetti\">announced a hiring freeze\u003c/a> on corporate jobs. “We’re facing an unusual macro-economic environment, and want to balance our hiring and investments with being thoughtful about this economy,” wrote Beth Galetti, Amazon’s senior vice president of people experience and technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Meta: 11,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Facebook and Instagram’s parent company, Meta, laid off 11,000 people last week — about 13% of its staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Mark Zuckerberg attributed the cuts to overhiring during the pandemic. In a letter to staff\u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2022/11/mark-zuckerberg-layoff-message-to-employees/\"> posted to the corporate website\u003c/a>, he cited a decline in e-commerce, the wider economic downturn, increased competition, and a decline in ad sales–the primary way the company makes money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got this wrong, and I take responsibility for that,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932364\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932364\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"a man in a black turtleneck explains something on a screen\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg made big investments in the “metaverse,” which he showed off during a virtual event last year. Last week, Zuckerberg announced the company was laying off 13% of its staff. \u003ccite>(Eric Risberg/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The layoffs come as the company has invested billions in the so-called metaverse, pitched as a virtual-reality future in which people will work, mingle, exercise and go to concerts. But it’s an unproven bet on the future, and not all everyone is convinced it should be the social media company’s focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg said the workforce cuts would affect the whole organization, with recruiting staff disproportionately affected due to fewer hires anticipated in the coming year. A hiring freeze through the first quarter of 2023 will continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Twitter: about 3,700 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Billionaire Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk bought the social media platform at the end of October and wasted no time slashing its workforce. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/27/1132153277/elon-musk-takes-control-of-twitter-and-immediately-ousts-top-executives\">immediately ousted\u003c/a> the company’s leadership, including its CEO, CFO, and top lawyer. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/04/1134263184/twitter-layoffs-elon-musk\">Mass layoffs were announced\u003c/a> on November 4, with about 50% of the staff cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Regarding Twitter’s reduction in force, unfortunately there is no choice when the company is losing over $4M/day,”\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1588671155766194176\"> Musk tweeted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Co-founder and former CEO Jack Dorsey \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jack/status/1588913276980633600\">tweeted \u003c/a>that he accepted blame for hiring too many workers in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I own the responsibility for why everyone is in this situation: I grew the company size too quickly. I apologize for that,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk’s $44 billion purchase of Twitter — which he tried to get out of for several months — has saddled the company with $13 billion of new debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His short tenure at the top of Twitter has been marked by hasty changes quickly halted, including his plan for a revamped Twitter Blue verification service, which charged $8 a month to get a blue checkmark on one’s account. Accounts impersonating celebrities, major corporations, and Musk himself proliferated immediately, spurring Twitter to halt Twitter Blue signups\u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/timeline-elon-musks-chaotic-twitter-blue-verification-rollout-2022-11\"> twice within a week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key executives who were not fired, including Twitter’s head of content moderation and safety on the platform, and the company’s chief privacy officer and compliance officer,\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/10/twitter-security-resignations/\"> resigned last week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Stripe: about 1,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Payment processing platform Stripe\u003ca href=\"https://stripe.com/newsroom/news/ceo-patrick-collisons-email-to-stripe-employees\"> announced on November 3\u003c/a> that it was cutting 14% of its workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stripe CEO Patrick Collison wrote in an email to employees that the pandemic pushed the world toward e-commerce, spurring the company’s growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CEO said he and his brother and co-founder John Collison had made “two very consequential mistakes”: being too optimistic about the internet economy’s near-term growth, and growing Stripe’s operating costs too quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are facing stubborn inflation, energy shocks, higher interest rates, reduced investment budgets, and sparser startup funding. … [M]any parts of the developed world appear to be headed for recession. We think that 2022 represents the beginning of a different economic climate,” Collison wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Salesforce: hundreds of jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Salesforce, which makes cloud-based business software, laid off some of its employees last week,\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/08/salesforce-cut-hundreds-of-employees-on-monday.html\"> CNBC reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salesforce said in a statement to NPR: “Our sales performance process drives accountability. Unfortunately, that can lead to some leaving the business, and we support them through their transition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A source familiar with the cuts said they affected hundreds of employees in the sales organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Microsoft: fewer than 1,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The software company made cuts across its divisions last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2022/10/18/microsoft-layoffs-latest-tech-firm-cuts\">Axios reported\u003c/a>. Fewer than 1,000 jobs were cut, a source told Axios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A request for confirmation of the layoffs was not immediately returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Zillow, Snap and Robinhood\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Zillow, the online real estate marketplace, laid off 300 of its employees late last month, TechCrunch \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2022/10/26/zillow-layoff-300-employees/\">reported\u003c/a>. The company \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/03/1051941654/zillow-will-stop-buying-and-renovating-homes-and-cut-25-of-its-workforce\">laid off 25% of its workforce \u003c/a>a year ago as it shuttered its instant buying service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snap, the company behind Snapchat, said at the end of August that it was \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.snap.com/en-US/restructuring-and-refocusing-our-business\">cutting its workforce by 20%\u003c/a>. The layoffs affected some 1,200 employees, with the company’s full-time workforce about 6,400 as of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinhood, the brokerage app company, \u003ca href=\"https://blog.robinhood.com/news/2022/8/2/a-message-from-our-ceo-and-co-founder-vlad-tenev\">laid off 23% of its workforce\u003c/a> in August. That amounted to 780 employees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-02/robinhood-cuts-23-of-workforce-in-sweeping-reorganization?leadSource=uverify%20wall\">according to Bloomberg\u003c/a>. The company had already reduced its staff by 9% in April. “This did not go far enough,” wrote Robinhood CEO Vlad Tenev.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Alina Selyukh contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=It%27s+the+end+of+the+boom+times+in+tech%2C+as+layoffs+keep+mounting&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For more than two decades, the U.S. tech industry has been a reliable source of booming stocks and cushy, high-paid jobs. In the span of weeks, the sheen has faded and the ax has fallen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>More than 24,000 tech workers across 72 companies have been laid off this month, adding to a total of 120,000 tech jobs lost this year, \u003ca href=\"https://layoffs.fyi/\">according to layoffs.fyi\u003c/a>, which tracks job cuts in the tech industry. It’s safe to say a reckoning is underway, even as each company is grappling with its own challenges. (See: \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/12/1136205315/musk-twitter-bankruptcy-how-likely\">Twitter\u003c/a>.)\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Many of the companies making public statements have cited at least one of two primary causes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>First, they hired a lot of employees during the pandemic, when people were extremely online. Now, the internet boom has faded, offline life has picked up, and those new employees seem too expensive.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Second, broader economic wobbles have made brands more reluctant to spend on digital ads — a source of revenue for many tech companies. High interest rates have put an end to the cheap-money era of venture capital.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are some of the companies that have announced the biggest job cuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Amazon: a reported 10,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The online retail and cloud computing behemoth plans to lay off some 10,000 employees in corporate and technology jobs,\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/14/technology/amazon-layoffs.html\"> \u003cem>The New York Times \u003c/em>was the first to report\u003c/a> on Monday. Amazon did not reply to an NPR request for confirmation of the report.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of this fall, Amazon employed more than 1.5 million full- and part-time workers around the world, many in warehouses. The 10,000 expected layoffs would comprise about 3% of Amazon’s corporate employees, according to the \u003cem>Times\u003c/em>, and a significantly smaller share of its overall workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The cuts reportedly will focus on Amazon’s devices division, including Alexa, the company’s virtual assistant technology, as well as its retail and human resources divisions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Earlier this month, the company \u003ca href=\"https://www.aboutamazon.com/news/workplace/a-note-about-hiring-from-beth-galetti\">announced a hiring freeze\u003c/a> on corporate jobs. “We’re facing an unusual macro-economic environment, and want to balance our hiring and investments with being thoughtful about this economy,” wrote Beth Galetti, Amazon’s senior vice president of people experience and technology.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Meta: 11,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Facebook and Instagram’s parent company, Meta, laid off 11,000 people last week — about 13% of its staff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CEO Mark Zuckerberg attributed the cuts to overhiring during the pandemic. In a letter to staff\u003ca href=\"https://about.fb.com/news/2022/11/mark-zuckerberg-layoff-message-to-employees/\"> posted to the corporate website\u003c/a>, he cited a decline in e-commerce, the wider economic downturn, increased competition, and a decline in ad sales–the primary way the company makes money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I got this wrong, and I take responsibility for that,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_11932364\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-scaled.jpg\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-11932364\" src=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"a man in a black turtleneck explains something on a screen\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-800x600.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1020x765.jpg 1020w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-160x120.jpg 160w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-2048x1536.jpg 2048w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/ap21301632297030-daf49027eb5fc1b24525559960a695c71474bb4e-1920x1440.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg made big investments in the “metaverse,” which he showed off during a virtual event last year. Last week, Zuckerberg announced the company was laying off 13% of its staff. \u003ccite>(Eric Risberg/AP)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The layoffs come as the company has invested billions in the so-called metaverse, pitched as a virtual-reality future in which people will work, mingle, exercise and go to concerts. But it’s an unproven bet on the future, and not all everyone is convinced it should be the social media company’s focus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Zuckerberg said the workforce cuts would affect the whole organization, with recruiting staff disproportionately affected due to fewer hires anticipated in the coming year. A hiring freeze through the first quarter of 2023 will continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Twitter: about 3,700 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Billionaire Tesla and SpaceX CEO Elon Musk bought the social media platform at the end of October and wasted no time slashing its workforce. He \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/27/1132153277/elon-musk-takes-control-of-twitter-and-immediately-ousts-top-executives\">immediately ousted\u003c/a> the company’s leadership, including its CEO, CFO, and top lawyer. \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/04/1134263184/twitter-layoffs-elon-musk\">Mass layoffs were announced\u003c/a> on November 4, with about 50% of the staff cut.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Regarding Twitter’s reduction in force, unfortunately there is no choice when the company is losing over $4M/day,”\u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1588671155766194176\"> Musk tweeted\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Co-founder and former CEO Jack Dorsey \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/jack/status/1588913276980633600\">tweeted \u003c/a>that he accepted blame for hiring too many workers in recent years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I own the responsibility for why everyone is in this situation: I grew the company size too quickly. I apologize for that,” he wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Musk’s $44 billion purchase of Twitter — which he tried to get out of for several months — has saddled the company with $13 billion of new debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His short tenure at the top of Twitter has been marked by hasty changes quickly halted, including his plan for a revamped Twitter Blue verification service, which charged $8 a month to get a blue checkmark on one’s account. Accounts impersonating celebrities, major corporations, and Musk himself proliferated immediately, spurring Twitter to halt Twitter Blue signups\u003ca href=\"https://www.businessinsider.com/timeline-elon-musks-chaotic-twitter-blue-verification-rollout-2022-11\"> twice within a week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Key executives who were not fired, including Twitter’s head of content moderation and safety on the platform, and the company’s chief privacy officer and compliance officer,\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/11/10/twitter-security-resignations/\"> resigned last week\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Stripe: about 1,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Payment processing platform Stripe\u003ca href=\"https://stripe.com/newsroom/news/ceo-patrick-collisons-email-to-stripe-employees\"> announced on November 3\u003c/a> that it was cutting 14% of its workforce.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Stripe CEO Patrick Collison wrote in an email to employees that the pandemic pushed the world toward e-commerce, spurring the company’s growth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The CEO said he and his brother and co-founder John Collison had made “two very consequential mistakes”: being too optimistic about the internet economy’s near-term growth, and growing Stripe’s operating costs too quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We are facing stubborn inflation, energy shocks, higher interest rates, reduced investment budgets, and sparser startup funding. … [M]any parts of the developed world appear to be headed for recession. We think that 2022 represents the beginning of a different economic climate,” Collison wrote.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Salesforce: hundreds of jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Salesforce, which makes cloud-based business software, laid off some of its employees last week,\u003ca href=\"https://www.cnbc.com/2022/11/08/salesforce-cut-hundreds-of-employees-on-monday.html\"> CNBC reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Salesforce said in a statement to NPR: “Our sales performance process drives accountability. Unfortunately, that can lead to some leaving the business, and we support them through their transition.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A source familiar with the cuts said they affected hundreds of employees in the sales organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Microsoft: fewer than 1,000 jobs\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The software company made cuts across its divisions last month, \u003ca href=\"https://www.axios.com/2022/10/18/microsoft-layoffs-latest-tech-firm-cuts\">Axios reported\u003c/a>. Fewer than 1,000 jobs were cut, a source told Axios.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A request for confirmation of the layoffs was not immediately returned.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Zillow, Snap and Robinhood\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Zillow, the online real estate marketplace, laid off 300 of its employees late last month, TechCrunch \u003ca href=\"https://techcrunch.com/2022/10/26/zillow-layoff-300-employees/\">reported\u003c/a>. The company \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/03/1051941654/zillow-will-stop-buying-and-renovating-homes-and-cut-25-of-its-workforce\">laid off 25% of its workforce \u003c/a>a year ago as it shuttered its instant buying service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Snap, the company behind Snapchat, said at the end of August that it was \u003ca href=\"https://newsroom.snap.com/en-US/restructuring-and-refocusing-our-business\">cutting its workforce by 20%\u003c/a>. The layoffs affected some 1,200 employees, with the company’s full-time workforce about 6,400 as of June.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Robinhood, the brokerage app company, \u003ca href=\"https://blog.robinhood.com/news/2022/8/2/a-message-from-our-ceo-and-co-founder-vlad-tenev\">laid off 23% of its workforce\u003c/a> in August. That amounted to 780 employees, \u003ca href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-08-02/robinhood-cuts-23-of-workforce-in-sweeping-reorganization?leadSource=uverify%20wall\">according to Bloomberg\u003c/a>. The company had already reduced its staff by 9% in April. “This did not go far enough,” wrote Robinhood CEO Vlad Tenev.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR’s Alina Selyukh contributed to this story.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=It%27s+the+end+of+the+boom+times+in+tech%2C+as+layoffs+keep+mounting&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Control of the House Is Still Up in the Air. Here's Where Things Stand",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated November 14, 2022 at 2:43 AM PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>As votes continue to trickle in, Republicans are still on track for a narrow majority in the House, but it would likely be a much smaller one than they were hoping for — and will make legislating difficult in a GOP House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are still 19 uncalled races, all except two are in the West, with millions of votes left to count in California. California traditionally takes a long time to count mail-in ballots, and this is commonplace for every recent election as it relates to House races. So it could still be days until control of the House is sorted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats also still retain a longshot chance at a majority, but they would need multiple races where Republicans are currently leading to shift their direction. That path got slightly harder overnight, as one race where they were leading has now shifted toward Republicans. (More on that path below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/11/1135921636/house-senate-results-close-margins\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>To see just how close races are, check out our graphic that shows the margins in each of the remaining uncalled House races.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Here’s where things stand, by the numbers (as of Monday, 5:43 a.m. ET):\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>At this point, Republicans lead \u003cstrong>212-204\u003c/strong>. (218 is needed for a majority.) So Republicans need to win 6 of the 19 uncalled races for House control, or 32%.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If current leads hold, Republicans would wind up with a \u003cstrong>222-213\u003c/strong> majority. That would mean Republicans \u003cem>could only lose four \u003c/em>members of their conference to pass legislation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It’s also possible that that number shrinks. Keep an eye on the 13\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> congressional district in California, for example, where the Republican currently holds an 84-vote lead with just 61% of the vote in. (A Democratic pickup there there would give Republicans a \u003cstrong>221-214\u003c/strong> majority.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Current net pickups: R+8.\u003c/strong> They have flipped 15 competitive seats to Democrats’ 7, according to the Associated Press, which makes calls for NPR. (Republicans needed a net gain of 5 pickups to take control this cycle.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Where they’re leading:\u003c/strong> Republicans currently have flipped (15) or are winning (2) in 17 seats. Democrats have flipped (7) or are winning (1) in nine seats — for \u003cstrong>R+9\u003c/strong>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Estimated Republican pick up: 7 to 11 seats.\u003c/strong> That would give Republicans just a 2- to 6-seat majority.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Democrats’ longshot path to a majority\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Democrats would need to see shifts in five races from Republican to Democrat. The most likely suspects to watch:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>CA-13\u003c/strong> (R+84 votes, 61% in)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>AZ-1 \u003c/strong>(R+894 votes, 94% in – this shifted from a Democratic lead to a Republican one overnight)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>CA-41\u003c/strong> (R+4k, 74% in)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>CA-22\u003c/strong> (R+3k, 53% in)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>AZ-6\u003c/strong> (R+2k, 89% in)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Others have slightly larger Republican leads at this point or have more vote in: CA-45, CA-27, NY-22, CO-3. CO-3 is the seat held by Rep. Lauren Boebert. She’s up only 1,110 votes, but 99% of the vote is in, and she had been down, so things look like they’re trending in her direction. But we will continue to monitor closely.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sending messages\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Republicans flipped OR-5 after an Associated Press call Sunday night. That was a seat previously held by Democratic Rep. Kurt Schrader, who was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/26/1101626629/clackamas-count-ballot-issue-schrader-mcleod-skinner-oregon-5th\">ousted in a primary earlier this year by a more progressive challenger\u003c/a>. Schrader, a centrist, had President Biden’s endorsement, and party leaders believed the seven-term congressman had a stronger chance of holding the seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incoming Republican is Lori Chavez-DeRemer, former mayor of the town of Happy Valley, Ore. She \u003ca href=\"https://www.opb.org/article/2022/11/13/republican-chavez-deremer-wins-oregon-5th-congressional-district/\">would be the first Latina to serve in Congress from Oregon\u003c/a>. Another Latina, Democrat Andrea Salinas, is also locked in a tight battle for OR-6.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Isn’t it ironic? \u003c/strong>Democrats picked up a seat in the 3rd congressional district in Washington state, a district that had been held by a Republican, Jamie Herrera Beutler. But she voted for former President Trump’s impeachment and was ousted by the right in the primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s an irony in the fact that she was ousted because she voted to impeach Trump and, now, a Democrat has taken over that seat. It’s indicative of the broader message in this election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Of the three dozen races rated as toss up by the Cook Political Report, Trump endorsed five — and \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/09/us/politics/trump-republicans-midterms.html\">\u003cstrong>all lost\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Note: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cem>Please keep in mind that these numbers are fluid and will change as votes continue to roll in. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/election-results-live-2022\">\u003cem>See the latest results here\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/election-results-live-2022/#/senate\">The Senate: \u003c/a>Democrats 48, Independents 2, Republicans 49, Uncalled 2\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>(The two independents caucus with the Democrats.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With their wins the last two days in Arizona and Nevada, as well as their flip of the Pennsylvania seat, Democrats will retain the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a remarkable accomplishment for Democrats with a president whose approval rating has been below 50% for more than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But base energy over the issue of abortion and a slew of Trump-backed candidates, who failed in purple states, proved to thwart a potential Republican Senate takeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s left\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/08/1129431966/alaska-election-results\">\u003cstrong>Alaska\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>: \u003c/strong>This has been added to the Republican total even though the race is not settled yet, because both leading candidates are Republicans, so this will stay in GOP hands. The question is at this point: which Republican. Incumbent Lisa Murkowski (R) trails Kelly Tshibaka (R) by less than 2 percentage points, or just under 3,000 votes, with 80% in. If neither candidate gets above 50%, this goes to a ranked-choice re-tabulation Nov. 23. Murkowski would likely be favored to win that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/08/1129441809/georgia-election-results\">\u003cstrong>Georgia: \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>Incumbent Raphael Warnock (D) and Republican challenger Herschel Walker (R) \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/09/1134332366/georgia-senate-herschel-walker-raphael-warnock-midterm-elections-results-2022\">are headed to a runoff\u003c/a> because neither surpassed 50% on the ballot. Warnock missed the threshold by just under 23,000 votes. Democrats have the chance to expand their Senate majority with a win there.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happened since Friday\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/08/1129578688/nevada-election-results\">\u003cstrong>Nevada:\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>Democratic incumbent Catherine Cortez Masto took the lead after a batch of votes Saturday night were reported in Clark County. Shortly thereafter, she was declared the winner, clinching Senate control for Democrats. There is still vote to count in Nevada, which we will monitor, including 15,000 provisional votes from Clark County, which could also help Cortez Masto extend her lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/08/1129435556/arizona-election-results\">\u003cstrong>Arizona:\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> Democratic incumbent Mark Kelly’s lead expanded by about 8,000 votes with the Friday night batch of about 80,000 votes out of Maricopa County. The race was called in his favor quickly after that, though vote counting continues there, and there is a closely watched governor’s race, where Democrat Katie Hobbs currently leads Trump-backed Kari Lake, who has made unfounded allegations of fraud in the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Control+of+the+House+is+still+up+in+the+air.+Here%27s+where+things+stand&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cdiv class=\"storyMajorUpdateDate\">\u003cstrong>Updated November 14, 2022 at 2:43 AM PT\u003c/strong>\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>As votes continue to trickle in, Republicans are still on track for a narrow majority in the House, but it would likely be a much smaller one than they were hoping for — and will make legislating difficult in a GOP House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are still 19 uncalled races, all except two are in the West, with millions of votes left to count in California. California traditionally takes a long time to count mail-in ballots, and this is commonplace for every recent election as it relates to House races. So it could still be days until control of the House is sorted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats also still retain a longshot chance at a majority, but they would need multiple races where Republicans are currently leading to shift their direction. That path got slightly harder overnight, as one race where they were leading has now shifted toward Republicans. (More on that path below.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/11/1135921636/house-senate-results-close-margins\">\u003cstrong>\u003cem>To see just how close races are, check out our graphic that shows the margins in each of the remaining uncalled House races.\u003c/em>\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Here’s where things stand, by the numbers (as of Monday, 5:43 a.m. ET):\u003c/h2>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>At this point, Republicans lead \u003cstrong>212-204\u003c/strong>. (218 is needed for a majority.) So Republicans need to win 6 of the 19 uncalled races for House control, or 32%.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>If current leads hold, Republicans would wind up with a \u003cstrong>222-213\u003c/strong> majority. That would mean Republicans \u003cem>could only lose four \u003c/em>members of their conference to pass legislation.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>It’s also possible that that number shrinks. Keep an eye on the 13\u003csup>th\u003c/sup> congressional district in California, for example, where the Republican currently holds an 84-vote lead with just 61% of the vote in. (A Democratic pickup there there would give Republicans a \u003cstrong>221-214\u003c/strong> majority.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Current net pickups: R+8.\u003c/strong> They have flipped 15 competitive seats to Democrats’ 7, according to the Associated Press, which makes calls for NPR. (Republicans needed a net gain of 5 pickups to take control this cycle.)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Where they’re leading:\u003c/strong> Republicans currently have flipped (15) or are winning (2) in 17 seats. Democrats have flipped (7) or are winning (1) in nine seats — for \u003cstrong>R+9\u003c/strong>.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Estimated Republican pick up: 7 to 11 seats.\u003c/strong> That would give Republicans just a 2- to 6-seat majority.\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003ch2>Democrats’ longshot path to a majority\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Democrats would need to see shifts in five races from Republican to Democrat. The most likely suspects to watch:\u003c/p>\n\u003col>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>CA-13\u003c/strong> (R+84 votes, 61% in)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>AZ-1 \u003c/strong>(R+894 votes, 94% in – this shifted from a Democratic lead to a Republican one overnight)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>CA-41\u003c/strong> (R+4k, 74% in)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>CA-22\u003c/strong> (R+3k, 53% in)\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>AZ-6\u003c/strong> (R+2k, 89% in)\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ol>\n\u003cp>Others have slightly larger Republican leads at this point or have more vote in: CA-45, CA-27, NY-22, CO-3. CO-3 is the seat held by Rep. Lauren Boebert. She’s up only 1,110 votes, but 99% of the vote is in, and she had been down, so things look like they’re trending in her direction. But we will continue to monitor closely.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Sending messages\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Republicans flipped OR-5 after an Associated Press call Sunday night. That was a seat previously held by Democratic Rep. Kurt Schrader, who was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/05/26/1101626629/clackamas-count-ballot-issue-schrader-mcleod-skinner-oregon-5th\">ousted in a primary earlier this year by a more progressive challenger\u003c/a>. Schrader, a centrist, had President Biden’s endorsement, and party leaders believed the seven-term congressman had a stronger chance of holding the seat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The incoming Republican is Lori Chavez-DeRemer, former mayor of the town of Happy Valley, Ore. She \u003ca href=\"https://www.opb.org/article/2022/11/13/republican-chavez-deremer-wins-oregon-5th-congressional-district/\">would be the first Latina to serve in Congress from Oregon\u003c/a>. Another Latina, Democrat Andrea Salinas, is also locked in a tight battle for OR-6.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Isn’t it ironic? \u003c/strong>Democrats picked up a seat in the 3rd congressional district in Washington state, a district that had been held by a Republican, Jamie Herrera Beutler. But she voted for former President Trump’s impeachment and was ousted by the right in the primary.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s an irony in the fact that she was ousted because she voted to impeach Trump and, now, a Democrat has taken over that seat. It’s indicative of the broader message in this election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>\u003cstrong>Of the three dozen races rated as toss up by the Cook Political Report, Trump endorsed five — and \u003c/strong>\u003ca href=\"https://www.nytimes.com/2022/11/09/us/politics/trump-republicans-midterms.html\">\u003cstrong>all lost\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>. \u003c/strong>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>\u003cstrong>Note: \u003c/strong>\u003c/em>\u003cem>Please keep in mind that these numbers are fluid and will change as votes continue to roll in. \u003c/em>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/election-results-live-2022\">\u003cem>See the latest results here\u003c/em>\u003c/a>\u003cem>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch2>\u003ca href=\"https://apps.npr.org/election-results-live-2022/#/senate\">The Senate: \u003c/a>Democrats 48, Independents 2, Republicans 49, Uncalled 2\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>(The two independents caucus with the Democrats.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With their wins the last two days in Arizona and Nevada, as well as their flip of the Pennsylvania seat, Democrats will retain the Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It’s a remarkable accomplishment for Democrats with a president whose approval rating has been below 50% for more than a year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But base energy over the issue of abortion and a slew of Trump-backed candidates, who failed in purple states, proved to thwart a potential Republican Senate takeover.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What’s left\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/08/1129431966/alaska-election-results\">\u003cstrong>Alaska\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>\u003cstrong>: \u003c/strong>This has been added to the Republican total even though the race is not settled yet, because both leading candidates are Republicans, so this will stay in GOP hands. The question is at this point: which Republican. Incumbent Lisa Murkowski (R) trails Kelly Tshibaka (R) by less than 2 percentage points, or just under 3,000 votes, with 80% in. If neither candidate gets above 50%, this goes to a ranked-choice re-tabulation Nov. 23. Murkowski would likely be favored to win that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/08/1129441809/georgia-election-results\">\u003cstrong>Georgia: \u003c/strong>\u003c/a>Incumbent Raphael Warnock (D) and Republican challenger Herschel Walker (R) \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/09/1134332366/georgia-senate-herschel-walker-raphael-warnock-midterm-elections-results-2022\">are headed to a runoff\u003c/a> because neither surpassed 50% on the ballot. Warnock missed the threshold by just under 23,000 votes. Democrats have the chance to expand their Senate majority with a win there.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>What happened since Friday\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/08/1129578688/nevada-election-results\">\u003cstrong>Nevada:\u003c/strong>\u003c/a>Democratic incumbent Catherine Cortez Masto took the lead after a batch of votes Saturday night were reported in Clark County. Shortly thereafter, she was declared the winner, clinching Senate control for Democrats. There is still vote to count in Nevada, which we will monitor, including 15,000 provisional votes from Clark County, which could also help Cortez Masto extend her lead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/08/1129435556/arizona-election-results\">\u003cstrong>Arizona:\u003c/strong>\u003c/a> Democratic incumbent Mark Kelly’s lead expanded by about 8,000 votes with the Friday night batch of about 80,000 votes out of Maricopa County. The race was called in his favor quickly after that, though vote counting continues there, and there is a closely watched governor’s race, where Democrat Katie Hobbs currently leads Trump-backed Kari Lake, who has made unfounded allegations of fraud in the election.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Control+of+the+House+is+still+up+in+the+air.+Here%27s+where+things+stand&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Biden’s plan to erase federal student loan debts for tens of millions of borrowers hit a legal wall Thursday, when a U.S. District Court judge in Texas called it unlawful and vacated the debt relief program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government quickly appealed the decision, which came just weeks before student loan payments are set to resume in January. The program was already on hold while a federal appeals court in St. Louis considers a separate lawsuit by six states challenging it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The judge’s argument for striking down debt relief\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Thursday’s ruling, Judge Mark T. Pittman, who was appointed by former President Donald Trump, wrote that the program was a “complete usurpation” of congressional authority by the executive branch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pittman rejected the Biden administration’s arguments that, in a law known as the HEROES Act, Congress had already given the president the power to erase student loan debts in a time of national emergency and that the COVID-19 pandemic is just such an emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In this country, we are not ruled by an all-powerful executive with a pen and a phone,” Pittman wrote. “Instead, we are ruled by a Constitution that provides for three distinct and independent branches of government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We strongly disagree with the District Court’s ruling on our student debt relief program,” White House spokesperson Karine Jean-Pierre said. “The President and this Administration are determined to help working and middle-class Americans get back on their feet, while our opponents – backed by extreme Republican special interests – sued to block millions of Americans from getting much-needed relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The appeals process could take weeks, leaving borrowers in limbo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Late Thursday, the White House confirmed that it had already appealed the decision. That appeal will go to the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals,\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/law/2021/nov/15/fifth-circuit-court-appeals-most-extreme-us\"> which has a reputation\u003c/a> as the most conservative of all federal appeals courts. From there, another appeal would land this case at the U.S. Supreme Court, which has so far \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11929718/the-supreme-court-wont-block-the-student-loan-debt-relief-program-at-least-for-now\">refused to hear challenges\u003c/a> to Biden’s relief plan. Borrowers likely won’t have a final answer on debt relief for weeks. [aside label=\"Related Stories\" tag=\"student-debt-relief-plan\"] Meanwhile, student loan payments are set to resume in January. Back in September, U.S. Education Secretary Miguel Cardona \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/15/1123108811/biden-student-loans-debt-cancellation-pslf\">told NPR\u003c/a> he hoped to process as many debt relief applications as possible before that payment pause ends on Jan. 1. Thursday’s decision makes it unlikely the department will reach that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/11/03/by-the-numbers-millions-of-americans-student-loan-costs-will-rise-dramatically-under-republican-officials-plans/\">President Biden announced on Nov. 3\u003c/a> that close to 26 million Americans had provided the necessary information to the Education Department to qualify for relief and that the department was already on track to approve cancellation for 16 million borrowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the department cannot cancel those loans without a reversal of fortune in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The lawsuit at the center of this decision\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The case at the center of Thursday’s ruling was brought by the conservative Job Creators Network Foundation on behalf of two federal student loan borrowers who believe they were unfairly excluded from relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One borrower’s federal loans are held by a commercial lender, not the U.S. Department of Education, and don’t qualify for relief. The other borrower does qualify for $10,000 in relief but believes, because he is currently low-income, that he should receive the same level of relief – $20,000 – as borrowers who were low-income at the time they attended college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs argued, among other things, that the Biden administration didn’t follow federal rules and should have allowed borrowers, and the general public, to voice their concerns about eligibility before the program was rolled out, though the administration countered that the HEROES Act specifically allows it to forego this kind of process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This ruling protects the rule of law which requires all Americans to have their voices heard by their federal government…” said Elaine Parker, president of the Job Creators Network Foundation, in a Thursday statement. “We hope that the court’s decision today will lay the groundwork for real solutions to the student loan crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But borrower advocates and some legal experts were quick to find fault with the judge’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My first response was, this is motivated reasoning by a judge who wants to come to this result. The legal analysis is flawed,” says Luke Herrine, an assistant professor of law at the University of Alabama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Persis Yu, managing counsel at the Student Borrower Protection Center, says there’s an important disconnect between the harm the plaintiffs alleged — not receiving the debt cancellation they believe they should have — and the court’s remedy: denying cancellation to all federal student loan borrowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like to think of this lawsuit as, like, the toddler problem. If I can’t have it, you can’t have it either,” says Yu. “And that’s not how the law works. And it’s not how the courts should apply the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>There are other lawsuits to stop Biden’s loan relief plan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pittman’s decision catapults this case to the front of the line of cases opposing debt relief in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late October, a federal appeals court temporarily blocked Biden’s relief plan before it could go into effect, so the court could consider a different suit, filed by six states – Nebraska, Missouri, Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas and South Carolina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states argued that a handful of state-based loan servicers that manage old, privately-held federal loans, would be hurt financially if borrowers were allowed to consolidate these loans and qualify for debt cancellation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That suit had been dismissed by a U.S. district court judge in Missouri before the plaintiffs appealed to the 8th Circuit, which has yet to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How we got here\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the 2020 presidential election, Biden pledged to cancel at least $10,000 per person in college debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden finally announced his loan relief plan in August, promising to cancel up to $10,000 for borrowers who did not receive Pell grants, and $20,000 for those who did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/13/1122613813/student-loan-forgiveness-biden-states\">Twenty-two Republican governors\u003c/a> wrote Biden a letter in September challenging his authority to go forth with the forgiveness plan, and the Congressional Budget Office later estimated the initiative \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/27/1125272287/student-loan-forgiveness-cost-billion\">would cost $400 billion\u003c/a> over the next 30 years.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>President Biden’s plan to erase federal student loan debts for tens of millions of borrowers hit a legal wall Thursday, when a U.S. District Court judge in Texas called it unlawful and vacated the debt relief program.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government quickly appealed the decision, which came just weeks before student loan payments are set to resume in January. The program was already on hold while a federal appeals court in St. Louis considers a separate lawsuit by six states challenging it.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The judge’s argument for striking down debt relief\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In Thursday’s ruling, Judge Mark T. Pittman, who was appointed by former President Donald Trump, wrote that the program was a “complete usurpation” of congressional authority by the executive branch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Pittman rejected the Biden administration’s arguments that, in a law known as the HEROES Act, Congress had already given the president the power to erase student loan debts in a time of national emergency and that the COVID-19 pandemic is just such an emergency.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“In this country, we are not ruled by an all-powerful executive with a pen and a phone,” Pittman wrote. “Instead, we are ruled by a Constitution that provides for three distinct and independent branches of government.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We strongly disagree with the District Court’s ruling on our student debt relief program,” White House spokesperson Karine Jean-Pierre said. “The President and this Administration are determined to help working and middle-class Americans get back on their feet, while our opponents – backed by extreme Republican special interests – sued to block millions of Americans from getting much-needed relief.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The appeals process could take weeks, leaving borrowers in limbo\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Late Thursday, the White House confirmed that it had already appealed the decision. That appeal will go to the 5th Circuit Court of Appeals,\u003ca href=\"https://www.theguardian.com/law/2021/nov/15/fifth-circuit-court-appeals-most-extreme-us\"> which has a reputation\u003c/a> as the most conservative of all federal appeals courts. From there, another appeal would land this case at the U.S. Supreme Court, which has so far \u003ca href=\"https://www.kqed.org/news/11929718/the-supreme-court-wont-block-the-student-loan-debt-relief-program-at-least-for-now\">refused to hear challenges\u003c/a> to Biden’s relief plan. Borrowers likely won’t have a final answer on debt relief for weeks. \u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp> Meanwhile, student loan payments are set to resume in January. Back in September, U.S. Education Secretary Miguel Cardona \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/15/1123108811/biden-student-loans-debt-cancellation-pslf\">told NPR\u003c/a> he hoped to process as many debt relief applications as possible before that payment pause ends on Jan. 1. Thursday’s decision makes it unlikely the department will reach that goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/11/03/by-the-numbers-millions-of-americans-student-loan-costs-will-rise-dramatically-under-republican-officials-plans/\">President Biden announced on Nov. 3\u003c/a> that close to 26 million Americans had provided the necessary information to the Education Department to qualify for relief and that the department was already on track to approve cancellation for 16 million borrowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, the department cannot cancel those loans without a reversal of fortune in the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>The lawsuit at the center of this decision\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>The case at the center of Thursday’s ruling was brought by the conservative Job Creators Network Foundation on behalf of two federal student loan borrowers who believe they were unfairly excluded from relief.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One borrower’s federal loans are held by a commercial lender, not the U.S. Department of Education, and don’t qualify for relief. The other borrower does qualify for $10,000 in relief but believes, because he is currently low-income, that he should receive the same level of relief – $20,000 – as borrowers who were low-income at the time they attended college.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plaintiffs argued, among other things, that the Biden administration didn’t follow federal rules and should have allowed borrowers, and the general public, to voice their concerns about eligibility before the program was rolled out, though the administration countered that the HEROES Act specifically allows it to forego this kind of process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This ruling protects the rule of law which requires all Americans to have their voices heard by their federal government…” said Elaine Parker, president of the Job Creators Network Foundation, in a Thursday statement. “We hope that the court’s decision today will lay the groundwork for real solutions to the student loan crisis.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But borrower advocates and some legal experts were quick to find fault with the judge’s decision.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“My first response was, this is motivated reasoning by a judge who wants to come to this result. The legal analysis is flawed,” says Luke Herrine, an assistant professor of law at the University of Alabama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Persis Yu, managing counsel at the Student Borrower Protection Center, says there’s an important disconnect between the harm the plaintiffs alleged — not receiving the debt cancellation they believe they should have — and the court’s remedy: denying cancellation to all federal student loan borrowers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I like to think of this lawsuit as, like, the toddler problem. If I can’t have it, you can’t have it either,” says Yu. “And that’s not how the law works. And it’s not how the courts should apply the law.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>There are other lawsuits to stop Biden’s loan relief plan\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Pittman’s decision catapults this case to the front of the line of cases opposing debt relief in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In late October, a federal appeals court temporarily blocked Biden’s relief plan before it could go into effect, so the court could consider a different suit, filed by six states – Nebraska, Missouri, Arkansas, Iowa, Kansas and South Carolina.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The states argued that a handful of state-based loan servicers that manage old, privately-held federal loans, would be hurt financially if borrowers were allowed to consolidate these loans and qualify for debt cancellation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That suit had been dismissed by a U.S. district court judge in Missouri before the plaintiffs appealed to the 8th Circuit, which has yet to weigh in.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>How we got here\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>In the 2020 presidential election, Biden pledged to cancel at least $10,000 per person in college debt.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Biden finally announced his loan relief plan in August, promising to cancel up to $10,000 for borrowers who did not receive Pell grants, and $20,000 for those who did.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Abortion rights supporters had a successful run of ballot measures this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In states where voters were asked to weigh in directly on abortion rights, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/10/1135719000/several-state-ballot-measures-resulted-in-victories-for-abortion-rights-supporte\">supported measures\u003c/a> that protect those rights and rejected initiatives that could threaten them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those victories have abortion rights advocates looking at where they can next take the fight directly to voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s take this show on the road. Let’s go to states, and let’s prove that we can win in some challenging environment,” said Anthony Romero, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union. “Let’s put this to the people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Exploring options in red states\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Romero, who spent election night in Michigan celebrating the passage of an amendment to protect abortion rights in the state’s constitution, said his group is looking at several states as potential targets for future ballot campaigns, including Ohio and Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly Hall, executive director of the Fairness Project, which advocates for progressive-leaning ballot measures, said her organization is also exploring options in those states, along with Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas and South Dakota. She said gerrymandering in many states has resulted in lawmakers who support much deeper abortion restrictions than their constituents do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall said the initiative process can serve as a check on overreach by state lawmakers — when there’s a “huge gap between the desires of the electorate and the actions of politicians. And nowhere is that more the case in America right now than on abortion rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A ‘serious problem’ for abortion opponents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Faced with these political losses, anti-abortion rights groups are emphasizing that they were outspent by their opponents in these campaigns, and they say they believe that voters were misled by some of the messaging around these initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marjorie Dannenfelser, president of SBA Pro-Life America, told reporters on Wednesday that she’s concerned more states will try to pass pro-abortion-rights ballot measures like those in California. Dannenfelser argued that it’s often better for abortion laws to be made by elected officials after a robust public debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is the biggest concern that we have in the pro-life movement — that we gain our advantage that we find through candidates debating the issue — where we don’t have that advantage when we’re outspent 10-to-1 in a referendum,” she said. “It is a serious problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s vice president of state affairs, Stephen Billy, said he believes abortion rights supporters want to “use the courts to try to take the issue out of voters’ hands” by challenging anti-abortion laws in state court, and “use ballot initiatives as a way to thwart the legislative process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A gap between legislation and public opinion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Advocates for bans on most abortions — including a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/21/725488345/protests-held-across-the-u-s-in-response-to-states-passing-restrictive-abortion-\">wave of state laws\u003c/a> passed in recent years that prohibit the procedure within the first several weeks — are at odds with public opinion, according to many years of polling. While most Americans support some restrictions on abortion, most support access earlier in pregnancy.[aside postID=news_11931183 hero='https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2022/11/RS55706_043_KQED_AbortionRallySF_05032022-qut.jpg']That’s even \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/01/1120472842/poll-one-year-after-sb-8-texans-express-strong-support-for-abortion-rights\">the case\u003c/a> in some deeply red states like Texas, where since 2021, when a unique state law took effect, residents have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/28/1083536401/texas-abortion-law-6-months\">seeing the impact\u003c/a> of a ban on most abortions after about six weeks of pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romero, with the ACLU, said victories for abortion rights in Kentucky this week — and in Kansas in August — show that many Republican-leaning voters are willing to cross party lines to push back against laws they see as overly restrictive. He accuses Republican elected officials in many states of “pandering to the most extreme portion of their base … that’s holding Republican voters and the broader public hostage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to leapfrog the governors, and you have the leapfrog the legislatures,” Romero said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Ballot measures face their own challenges, risks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many states lack a process for citizen-initiated ballot initiatives, leaving the question of abortion in the hands of their state lawmakers. According to the Fairness Project, such initiatives are possible in 22 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in those states, such efforts could face pushback from abortion opponents. Michigan’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/08/1121858922/michigan-supreme-court-abortion-amendment-voters-ballot\">initiative survived\u003c/a> Republican-led challenges aimed at keeping the measure off the ballot, including objections to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/31/1120365677/michigan-supreme-court-abortion-rights\">formatting and spacing\u003c/a> of the language in the amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall, with the Fairness Project, acknowledges there’s a risk that abortion rights advocates might overplay their hand by putting the issue on the ballot and possibly galvanizing voters who will elect anti-abortion candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she said she believes that well-crafted measures, tailored to the specific concerns of voters in individual states, can gain bipartisan support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These need to be strategic decisions that meet the electorate where it is,” Hall said. “I don’t think though that we should shy away from having these deep, strategic conversations even in the reddest of places — because frankly there are no other options left in many states for how we advocate for people who need reproductive health care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NYU law professor Melissa Murray said she believes there’s a robust appetite among many voters to push back against some of the state restrictions that have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/27/1107750168/the-supreme-courts-abortion-decision-creates-battlegrounds-between-states\">taken effect\u003c/a> in recent months, though the specific message and rationale will vary from state to state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California may have a different logic for this than Kansas, where the prospect of government encroachment might seem like the antithesis of conservatism,” Murray said. “But it’s all cashing out in the same way. Where voters have direct access to the ballot box to register their preferences on abortion, they are registering them in ways that make clear that there is … appetite for greater protections for reproductive rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n",
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"excerpt": "After measures supporting abortion rights were largely voted through in many states where it was on the ballot, abortion rights advocates are now looking to take the fight directly to voters.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Abortion rights supporters had a successful run of ballot measures this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In states where voters were asked to weigh in directly on abortion rights, they \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/10/1135719000/several-state-ballot-measures-resulted-in-victories-for-abortion-rights-supporte\">supported measures\u003c/a> that protect those rights and rejected initiatives that could threaten them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those victories have abortion rights advocates looking at where they can next take the fight directly to voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Let’s take this show on the road. Let’s go to states, and let’s prove that we can win in some challenging environment,” said Anthony Romero, executive director of the American Civil Liberties Union. “Let’s put this to the people.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Exploring options in red states\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Romero, who spent election night in Michigan celebrating the passage of an amendment to protect abortion rights in the state’s constitution, said his group is looking at several states as potential targets for future ballot campaigns, including Ohio and Florida.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelly Hall, executive director of the Fairness Project, which advocates for progressive-leaning ballot measures, said her organization is also exploring options in those states, along with Missouri, Oklahoma, Arkansas and South Dakota. She said gerrymandering in many states has resulted in lawmakers who support much deeper abortion restrictions than their constituents do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall said the initiative process can serve as a check on overreach by state lawmakers — when there’s a “huge gap between the desires of the electorate and the actions of politicians. And nowhere is that more the case in America right now than on abortion rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A ‘serious problem’ for abortion opponents\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Faced with these political losses, anti-abortion rights groups are emphasizing that they were outspent by their opponents in these campaigns, and they say they believe that voters were misled by some of the messaging around these initiatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Marjorie Dannenfelser, president of SBA Pro-Life America, told reporters on Wednesday that she’s concerned more states will try to pass pro-abortion-rights ballot measures like those in California. Dannenfelser argued that it’s often better for abortion laws to be made by elected officials after a robust public debate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is the biggest concern that we have in the pro-life movement — that we gain our advantage that we find through candidates debating the issue — where we don’t have that advantage when we’re outspent 10-to-1 in a referendum,” she said. “It is a serious problem.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group’s vice president of state affairs, Stephen Billy, said he believes abortion rights supporters want to “use the courts to try to take the issue out of voters’ hands” by challenging anti-abortion laws in state court, and “use ballot initiatives as a way to thwart the legislative process.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>A gap between legislation and public opinion\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Advocates for bans on most abortions — including a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2019/05/21/725488345/protests-held-across-the-u-s-in-response-to-states-passing-restrictive-abortion-\">wave of state laws\u003c/a> passed in recent years that prohibit the procedure within the first several weeks — are at odds with public opinion, according to many years of polling. While most Americans support some restrictions on abortion, most support access earlier in pregnancy.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>That’s even \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/01/1120472842/poll-one-year-after-sb-8-texans-express-strong-support-for-abortion-rights\">the case\u003c/a> in some deeply red states like Texas, where since 2021, when a unique state law took effect, residents have been \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/02/28/1083536401/texas-abortion-law-6-months\">seeing the impact\u003c/a> of a ban on most abortions after about six weeks of pregnancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Romero, with the ACLU, said victories for abortion rights in Kentucky this week — and in Kansas in August — show that many Republican-leaning voters are willing to cross party lines to push back against laws they see as overly restrictive. He accuses Republican elected officials in many states of “pandering to the most extreme portion of their base … that’s holding Republican voters and the broader public hostage.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You have to leapfrog the governors, and you have the leapfrog the legislatures,” Romero said.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Ballot measures face their own challenges, risks\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Many states lack a process for citizen-initiated ballot initiatives, leaving the question of abortion in the hands of their state lawmakers. According to the Fairness Project, such initiatives are possible in 22 states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even in those states, such efforts could face pushback from abortion opponents. Michigan’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/08/1121858922/michigan-supreme-court-abortion-amendment-voters-ballot\">initiative survived\u003c/a> Republican-led challenges aimed at keeping the measure off the ballot, including objections to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/31/1120365677/michigan-supreme-court-abortion-rights\">formatting and spacing\u003c/a> of the language in the amendment.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Hall, with the Fairness Project, acknowledges there’s a risk that abortion rights advocates might overplay their hand by putting the issue on the ballot and possibly galvanizing voters who will elect anti-abortion candidates.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But she said she believes that well-crafted measures, tailored to the specific concerns of voters in individual states, can gain bipartisan support.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“These need to be strategic decisions that meet the electorate where it is,” Hall said. “I don’t think though that we should shy away from having these deep, strategic conversations even in the reddest of places — because frankly there are no other options left in many states for how we advocate for people who need reproductive health care.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NYU law professor Melissa Murray said she believes there’s a robust appetite among many voters to push back against some of the state restrictions that have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/27/1107750168/the-supreme-courts-abortion-decision-creates-battlegrounds-between-states\">taken effect\u003c/a> in recent months, though the specific message and rationale will vary from state to state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“California may have a different logic for this than Kansas, where the prospect of government encroachment might seem like the antithesis of conservatism,” Murray said. “But it’s all cashing out in the same way. Where voters have direct access to the ballot box to register their preferences on abortion, they are registering them in ways that make clear that there is … appetite for greater protections for reproductive rights.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Voters in several states where abortion was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/07/1134535372/abortion-midterm-election-michigan-kentucky-amendment-roe-dobbs\">on the ballot\u003c/a> were generally favorable to abortion rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer’s U.S. Supreme Court decision overturning decades of abortion-rights precedent left the issue of abortion rights \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/23/1118846811/two-months-after-the-dobbs-ruling-new-abortion-bans-are-taking-hold\">to the states\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That raised the stakes for voters in several states — including Vermont, California, Michigan, Montana and Kentucky — with abortion-related questions on the ballot this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[aside label=\"Related Story\" postID=\"news_11931183\"]Vermont became first state in the country to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/29/1108710369/vermont-to-vote-on-whether-to-amend-the-states-constitution-to-protect-abortion\">amend its constitution\u003c/a> to protect “reproductive autonomy,” after a large majority of voters cast ballots in favor of it, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/09/1134832172/vermont-votes-abortion-constitution-midterms-results\">widely expected\u003c/a>. Abortion already was protected under a state law passed in 2019, but the amendment further shores up those rights by adding protections to the state constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As anticipated, California voters also approved a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/10/24/1129112123/abortion-is-on-the-california-ballot-but-does-that-mean-at-any-point-in-pregnanc\">similar measure\u003c/a> protecting the right to abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one of the most-watched ballot measures on the issue, Michigan residents also voted to amend their state’s constitution to protect abortion rights. The initiative appeared on the ballot after surviving a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/08/1121858922/michigan-supreme-court-abortion-amendment-voters-ballot\">Republican-led challenge\u003c/a> on grounds including concerns about the amendment’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/08/1121858922/michigan-supreme-court-abortion-amendment-voters-ballot\">spacing and formatting\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a move that could aid efforts by abortion rights groups to overturn two abortion bans, Kentucky voters rejected a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/31/1131693766/in-kentucky-abortion-rights-activists-hope-for-a-repeat-of-kansas-win\">proposed amendment\u003c/a> to the state constitution that would have explicitly stated it contains no right to an abortion. Such an amendment likely would have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1131693766\">thwarted efforts\u003c/a> to overturn Kentucky’s two abortions bans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those laws took effect in response to this summer’s U.S. Supreme Court decision, cutting off abortion access in the commonwealth. Abortion rights advocates are challenging those laws, and oral \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/abortion-remains-banned-kentucky#:~:text=%E2%80%9CThe%20Supreme%20Court's%20decision%20to,also%20a%20critical%20individual%20freedom.\">arguments are scheduled\u003c/a> before the Kentucky Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/abortion-remains-banned-kentucky\">in about a week\u003c/a>. In a statement, officials with Planned Parenthood’s Kentucky chapter pledged to continue their legal fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Montana, votes were still being counted on what anti-abortion-rights groups describe as a “Born Alive” measure that would require healthcare providers to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/26/1131427646/abortion-ballot-montana-voters-decide-born-alive-act\">treat infants\u003c/a> born alive at any stage of development, including after an attempted abortion. Reproductive rights groups, who opposed the initiative, noted that Montana law already prohibits infanticide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to harness the energy unleashed by this summer’s Supreme Court decision, Democrats and abortion-rights groups invested hundreds of millions of dollars to boost candidates who supported abortion rights. Supporters of abortion rights also out-fundraised their opponents in ballot measure campaigns in states including \u003ca href=\"https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/politics/2022/10/27/kentucky-abortion-bill-fight-amendment-2-crosses-6-million-mark/69590802007/\">Kentucky\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bridgemi.com/michigan-government/proposal-3-abortion-measure-generates-57m-michigan-campaign-donations\">Michigan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Where+abortion+was+on+the+ballot%2C+midterm+voters+largely+signaled+support&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Voters in several states where abortion was \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/07/1134535372/abortion-midterm-election-michigan-kentucky-amendment-roe-dobbs\">on the ballot\u003c/a> were generally favorable to abortion rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This summer’s U.S. Supreme Court decision overturning decades of abortion-rights precedent left the issue of abortion rights \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/08/23/1118846811/two-months-after-the-dobbs-ruling-new-abortion-bans-are-taking-hold\">to the states\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That raised the stakes for voters in several states — including Vermont, California, Michigan, Montana and Kentucky — with abortion-related questions on the ballot this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Vermont became first state in the country to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/06/29/1108710369/vermont-to-vote-on-whether-to-amend-the-states-constitution-to-protect-abortion\">amend its constitution\u003c/a> to protect “reproductive autonomy,” after a large majority of voters cast ballots in favor of it, as \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/11/09/1134832172/vermont-votes-abortion-constitution-midterms-results\">widely expected\u003c/a>. Abortion already was protected under a state law passed in 2019, but the amendment further shores up those rights by adding protections to the state constitution.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As anticipated, California voters also approved a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2022/10/24/1129112123/abortion-is-on-the-california-ballot-but-does-that-mean-at-any-point-in-pregnanc\">similar measure\u003c/a> protecting the right to abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one of the most-watched ballot measures on the issue, Michigan residents also voted to amend their state’s constitution to protect abortion rights. The initiative appeared on the ballot after surviving a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/08/1121858922/michigan-supreme-court-abortion-amendment-voters-ballot\">Republican-led challenge\u003c/a> on grounds including concerns about the amendment’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/09/08/1121858922/michigan-supreme-court-abortion-amendment-voters-ballot\">spacing and formatting\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a move that could aid efforts by abortion rights groups to overturn two abortion bans, Kentucky voters rejected a \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/31/1131693766/in-kentucky-abortion-rights-activists-hope-for-a-repeat-of-kansas-win\">proposed amendment\u003c/a> to the state constitution that would have explicitly stated it contains no right to an abortion. Such an amendment likely would have \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1131693766\">thwarted efforts\u003c/a> to overturn Kentucky’s two abortions bans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those laws took effect in response to this summer’s U.S. Supreme Court decision, cutting off abortion access in the commonwealth. Abortion rights advocates are challenging those laws, and oral \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/abortion-remains-banned-kentucky#:~:text=%E2%80%9CThe%20Supreme%20Court's%20decision%20to,also%20a%20critical%20individual%20freedom.\">arguments are scheduled\u003c/a> before the Kentucky Supreme Court \u003ca href=\"https://www.aclu.org/press-releases/abortion-remains-banned-kentucky\">in about a week\u003c/a>. In a statement, officials with Planned Parenthood’s Kentucky chapter pledged to continue their legal fight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Montana, votes were still being counted on what anti-abortion-rights groups describe as a “Born Alive” measure that would require healthcare providers to \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/26/1131427646/abortion-ballot-montana-voters-decide-born-alive-act\">treat infants\u003c/a> born alive at any stage of development, including after an attempted abortion. Reproductive rights groups, who opposed the initiative, noted that Montana law already prohibits infanticide.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In an effort to harness the energy unleashed by this summer’s Supreme Court decision, Democrats and abortion-rights groups invested hundreds of millions of dollars to boost candidates who supported abortion rights. Supporters of abortion rights also out-fundraised their opponents in ballot measure campaigns in states including \u003ca href=\"https://www.courier-journal.com/story/news/politics/2022/10/27/kentucky-abortion-bill-fight-amendment-2-crosses-6-million-mark/69590802007/\">Kentucky\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"https://www.bridgemi.com/michigan-government/proposal-3-abortion-measure-generates-57m-michigan-campaign-donations\">Michigan\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Where+abortion+was+on+the+ballot%2C+midterm+voters+largely+signaled+support&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"title": "Developing Countries Want Climate Reparations. Here's What It Could Cost",
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"content": "\u003cp>For small islands in the Pacific, a powerful cyclone can be devastating. In 2020, Cyclone Harold hit the island nation of Vanuatu, destroying schools and fields of crops. In one province, \u003ca href=\"https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/un-emergency-funding-released-response-tropical-cyclone-harold\">90% of the population lost their homes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $600 million in damage represents more than 60% of the country’s gross domestic product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is huge sums of our national wealth that is being erased by climate extremes,” says Christopher Bartlett, who works on climate diplomacy for Vanuatu.[pullquote size=\"medium\" align=\"right\" citation=\"Bakoa Kaltongga, climate envoy, Vanuatu\"]‘We small islands and people of the small islands have every right to exist in the world, just as all you major nations of the north.’[/pullquote]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vanuatu is part of a coalition of low-income countries \u003ca href=\"https://thecvf.org/our-voice/news/press-releases/forum-of-vulnerable-nations-calls-for-dedicated-international-funds-for-climate-crisis-loss-damage/\">calling on wealthier nations to pay for climate damages\u003c/a>. Developing countries have produced very little of the pollution driving climate change. Wealthier nations such as the United States have been the biggest emitters of greenhouse gasses. But developing countries are already bearing the brunt of the destructive impacts, like storms, floods and droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the world \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/27/1131687504/heres-how-far-behind-the-world-is-on-reining-in-climate-change\">far off-track from its goal of stopping dangerous levels of warming\u003c/a>, developing countries say that wealthier nations should pay for the inevitable “loss and damage” they’ll experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, richer countries have delayed committing funds, though they’ve agreed to take up the issue at the COP27 climate negotiations now getting underway in Egypt. At last year’s summit, nations agreed to start a dialogue about loss and damage, a process that developing countries say has fallen far short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration has signaled its support for addressing loss and damage. But dollar amounts are still elusive, and it’s not clear how payments might be delivered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talks about money at COP27 are happening as richer countries face their own economic turmoil, including inflation, possible recession and energy upheaval stemming from the Russian war in Ukraine. But without progress on loss and damage, the chances get a lot slimmer that the world can stick together on an already difficult path to cutting emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For some group of developing countries, for them it could be the last straw,” says Preety Bhandari, senior advisor on climate finance at the World Resources Institute. “It really could be the last straw and they might be ready to walk out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>$177 million: Vanuatu’s starting point for climate compensation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Vanuatu, a South Pacific nation made up of 82 small islands, few people are insulated from a changing climate. Agriculture there largely depends on rainfall patterns. Fishing is a vital industry. Many people live close to the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The country’s leaders have made it clear that climate change threatens Vanuatu’s very survival. To advance the conversation at COP27, Vanuatu has \u003ca href=\"https://www.vanuatuicj.com/NDC\">laid out a starting point for its loss and damage needs\u003c/a>, totaling $177 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is happening now is affecting human lives and human rights,” says Bakoa Kaltongga, Vanuatu’s climate envoy. “We small islands and people of the small islands have every right to exist in the world, just as all you major nations of the north.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan doesn’t include disaster relief from cyclones, which are getting stronger and more intense as global temperatures rise. An international system of humanitarian aid generally kicks into gear after a crisis, though it often falls short of supporting a full recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vanuatu’s leaders say it’s the slower-moving climate impacts that are hard to get help with, like rising oceans. On Vanuatu’s coast, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificclimatechangescience.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/15_PCCSP_Vanuatu_8pp.pdf\">water is rising at a faster rate than the global average\u003c/a>. Many coastal communities may need to be relocated, a fraught and challenging process in any part of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of Vanuatu’s proposal would go to creating a loss and damage fund, so residents could receive compensation quickly. Other funding would go to setting up systems to help with relocation efforts and support displaced people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s to ensure that as we relocate populations, that we do that in an advance-planned way so people can move with dignity and not be scrambling at the last minute without the basic services and protections that we deserve,” Bartlett says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Loss and damage also means paying for what can’t be replaced\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While communities can potentially be rebuilt in new places, some of what’s lost can’t be regained. Important cultural sites may disappear under rising water. In Vanuatu, burial grounds are at risk, so some funding would also go to community-led discussions about how best to preserve their connection to ancestors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t tell you how many times when entering the community that you see graves and grave sites half exposed to the rising tides,” Bartlett says. “And it’s devastating because that’s such an important connection to history and ancestry here in the Pacific.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The country’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/08/1052198840/1-5-degrees-warming-climate-change\">coral reefs are also at risk of collapsing\u003c/a>. Oceans are getting warmer and more acidic, which can cause corals to bleach, turning a ghostly white. After repeated marine heat waves, corals simply can’t bounce back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Losing reefs would be fundamentally destabilizing, both as an ecological change and for the many local fishermen who depend on them for their livelihoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Debate remains over how loss and damage payments would work\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Worldwide, the toll of loss and damage is expected to balloon as the climate gets hotter. \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-72026-5_14\">One study shows\u003c/a> that costs from loss and damage could reach $290 billion to $580 billion in 2030 and rise to more than $1 trillion per year in 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At last year’s climate talks in Glasgow, a bloc of developing nations asked for a fund or “facility” to be set up to disburse loss and damage funds. But as negotiations wore on, they settled on a three-year dialogue, which developing countries say lacks a clear decision-making mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this year’s negotiations in Egypt, the debate is expected to continue over whether a new fund should be set up. Some support using existing humanitarian aid networks. Others have suggested that countries should have international loans forgiven, if it’s linked to their climate vulnerability. Many countries have already taken on more debt after major disasters hit, on top of international loans they have for broader societal development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of these countries are burdened by debt,” says U.S. special climate envoy John Kerry. “They are greatly impacted by what happens with respect to the crisis, the climate. And then they turn around and the west or the north offers them more debt. That isn’t going to work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talks this year could take on new urgency, however, after the unprecedented damage in Pakistan from extreme floods. Millions of people were displaced, with damage totaling more than $30 billion dollars. At least 1500 people were killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The recent floods in Pakistan have clearly shown what loss and damage can look like and what the toll could be,” Bhandari says. “Not only in terms of human lives and economic losses, but also in terms of all the development gains which are being lost in countries which are really trying to leapfrog into the next level of development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Developing+countries+want+climate+reparations.+Here%27s+what+it+could+cost&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For small islands in the Pacific, a powerful cyclone can be devastating. In 2020, Cyclone Harold hit the island nation of Vanuatu, destroying schools and fields of crops. In one province, \u003ca href=\"https://reliefweb.int/report/vanuatu/un-emergency-funding-released-response-tropical-cyclone-harold\">90% of the population lost their homes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The $600 million in damage represents more than 60% of the country’s gross domestic product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is huge sums of our national wealth that is being erased by climate extremes,” says Christopher Bartlett, who works on climate diplomacy for Vanuatu.\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vanuatu is part of a coalition of low-income countries \u003ca href=\"https://thecvf.org/our-voice/news/press-releases/forum-of-vulnerable-nations-calls-for-dedicated-international-funds-for-climate-crisis-loss-damage/\">calling on wealthier nations to pay for climate damages\u003c/a>. Developing countries have produced very little of the pollution driving climate change. Wealthier nations such as the United States have been the biggest emitters of greenhouse gasses. But developing countries are already bearing the brunt of the destructive impacts, like storms, floods and droughts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With the world \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2022/10/27/1131687504/heres-how-far-behind-the-world-is-on-reining-in-climate-change\">far off-track from its goal of stopping dangerous levels of warming\u003c/a>, developing countries say that wealthier nations should pay for the inevitable “loss and damage” they’ll experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far, richer countries have delayed committing funds, though they’ve agreed to take up the issue at the COP27 climate negotiations now getting underway in Egypt. At last year’s summit, nations agreed to start a dialogue about loss and damage, a process that developing countries say has fallen far short.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Biden administration has signaled its support for addressing loss and damage. But dollar amounts are still elusive, and it’s not clear how payments might be delivered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talks about money at COP27 are happening as richer countries face their own economic turmoil, including inflation, possible recession and energy upheaval stemming from the Russian war in Ukraine. But without progress on loss and damage, the chances get a lot slimmer that the world can stick together on an already difficult path to cutting emissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“For some group of developing countries, for them it could be the last straw,” says Preety Bhandari, senior advisor on climate finance at the World Resources Institute. “It really could be the last straw and they might be ready to walk out.”\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>$177 million: Vanuatu’s starting point for climate compensation\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>For Vanuatu, a South Pacific nation made up of 82 small islands, few people are insulated from a changing climate. Agriculture there largely depends on rainfall patterns. Fishing is a vital industry. Many people live close to the coast.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The country’s leaders have made it clear that climate change threatens Vanuatu’s very survival. To advance the conversation at COP27, Vanuatu has \u003ca href=\"https://www.vanuatuicj.com/NDC\">laid out a starting point for its loss and damage needs\u003c/a>, totaling $177 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What is happening now is affecting human lives and human rights,” says Bakoa Kaltongga, Vanuatu’s climate envoy. “We small islands and people of the small islands have every right to exist in the world, just as all you major nations of the north.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The plan doesn’t include disaster relief from cyclones, which are getting stronger and more intense as global temperatures rise. An international system of humanitarian aid generally kicks into gear after a crisis, though it often falls short of supporting a full recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vanuatu’s leaders say it’s the slower-moving climate impacts that are hard to get help with, like rising oceans. On Vanuatu’s coast, \u003ca href=\"https://www.pacificclimatechangescience.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/15_PCCSP_Vanuatu_8pp.pdf\">water is rising at a faster rate than the global average\u003c/a>. Many coastal communities may need to be relocated, a fraught and challenging process in any part of the world.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The bulk of Vanuatu’s proposal would go to creating a loss and damage fund, so residents could receive compensation quickly. Other funding would go to setting up systems to help with relocation efforts and support displaced people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s to ensure that as we relocate populations, that we do that in an advance-planned way so people can move with dignity and not be scrambling at the last minute without the basic services and protections that we deserve,” Bartlett says.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Loss and damage also means paying for what can’t be replaced\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>While communities can potentially be rebuilt in new places, some of what’s lost can’t be regained. Important cultural sites may disappear under rising water. In Vanuatu, burial grounds are at risk, so some funding would also go to community-led discussions about how best to preserve their connection to ancestors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I can’t tell you how many times when entering the community that you see graves and grave sites half exposed to the rising tides,” Bartlett says. “And it’s devastating because that’s such an important connection to history and ancestry here in the Pacific.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The country’s \u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/2021/11/08/1052198840/1-5-degrees-warming-climate-change\">coral reefs are also at risk of collapsing\u003c/a>. Oceans are getting warmer and more acidic, which can cause corals to bleach, turning a ghostly white. After repeated marine heat waves, corals simply can’t bounce back.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Losing reefs would be fundamentally destabilizing, both as an ecological change and for the many local fishermen who depend on them for their livelihoods.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch2>Debate remains over how loss and damage payments would work\u003c/h2>\n\u003cp>Worldwide, the toll of loss and damage is expected to balloon as the climate gets hotter. \u003ca href=\"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-72026-5_14\">One study shows\u003c/a> that costs from loss and damage could reach $290 billion to $580 billion in 2030 and rise to more than $1 trillion per year in 2050.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At last year’s climate talks in Glasgow, a bloc of developing nations asked for a fund or “facility” to be set up to disburse loss and damage funds. But as negotiations wore on, they settled on a three-year dialogue, which developing countries say lacks a clear decision-making mandate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this year’s negotiations in Egypt, the debate is expected to continue over whether a new fund should be set up. Some support using existing humanitarian aid networks. Others have suggested that countries should have international loans forgiven, if it’s linked to their climate vulnerability. Many countries have already taken on more debt after major disasters hit, on top of international loans they have for broader societal development.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Many of these countries are burdened by debt,” says U.S. special climate envoy John Kerry. “They are greatly impacted by what happens with respect to the crisis, the climate. And then they turn around and the west or the north offers them more debt. That isn’t going to work.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Talks this year could take on new urgency, however, after the unprecedented damage in Pakistan from extreme floods. Millions of people were displaced, with damage totaling more than $30 billion dollars. At least 1500 people were killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The recent floods in Pakistan have clearly shown what loss and damage can look like and what the toll could be,” Bhandari says. “Not only in terms of human lives and economic losses, but also in terms of all the development gains which are being lost in countries which are really trying to leapfrog into the next level of development.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Developing+countries+want+climate+reparations.+Here%27s+what+it+could+cost&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Voting in the 2022 midterms has been going on for weeks. The pandemic expanded options in many states, but voters who want to cast their ballot on Election Day still have to go to the polls on a Tuesday, and may have to take time off of work to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats have long led the push for an Election Day holiday, but in the last two years Republicans have put forward at least seven of their own bills as well. An NPR investigation found that sponsors of GOP bills in Arizona and Missouri met or appeared with prominent election deniers, and the influence of election misinformation can be seen in their other proposed election reforms – including limiting mail-in ballots and ending the use of voting machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asides with specific hand-picked posts:\u003cbr>\n[aside label=\"Related Stories\" postID=\"news_11927742\"]Election Day holiday bills from each party show their different visions for the future of American elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats favor reforms like mail-in voting and automatic absentee balloting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the case for Florida State Representative Geraldine Thompson, who said she wants to make voting easier for people who are weighing the demands of work and civic duty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have to go to work,” Thompson said. “And so I think making Election Day a holiday will allow more people to participate in our democracy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thompson sponsored a bill to make Election Day a holiday in her state — the bill contained additional reforms like pre-paid postage on mail-in ballots. In New Mexico, another voting holiday bill went even further, lowering the voting age to 16 in local elections, re-enfranchising people with felony convictions, and making voter registration automatic through the DMV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Mexico State Senator Peter Wirth sponsored that bill, which was killed by a filibuster. He told NPR the bill’s hearing was “contentious,” and that it seemed like word had been sent out that the bill’s provisions to expand voting access were “dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican bills to give voters the day off don’t make it part of a list of reforms to expand voting options. Instead, they often seek to limit voting access to in-person, Election Day ballots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seth Keshel is a prominent election denier who travels the country touting a ten-point plan for voting policy, and he shared one of those points on the right-wing Stew Peters Show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So go ahead and tell the left that we want to turn Election Day into a national holiday and see how they are going to oppose that. But for us we are going to be able to press the measures we need – like restricting mail-in ballots, restricting early voting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These proposed restrictions are based on misinformation lingering from former President Donald Trump’s loss in the 2020 election. Election deniers, including some Republican politicians and their supporters, claim almost any voting expansion — like mail-in voting and drop boxes — is prone to fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keshel’s philosophy shows up in legislation in Arizona, Missouri, and Washington. He and other election deniers have met or appeared with three of the Republicans who have sponsored bills to make Election Day a holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Representative Ann Kelley sponsored a Missouri bill to make Election Day a holiday. She told NPR by email she wanted to have more people available to staff elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some counties,” Kelley wrote, “it is difficult to even find a place to vote, so this would potentially open up school buildings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelley’s bill would have done much more than close schools and give workers the day off. The proposed legislation includes ending electronic voting entirely, a ban on sending unsolicited absentee ballot request forms, and additional provisions for Missouri’s voter ID law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Election Day holiday bills came with similar restrictions. An Arizona bill would have repealed the authorization for voting locations to be used as early voting sites, and limited voting centers to Election Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And proposals linked to a bill in Washington would have added a new photo ID provision and limited early voting to just two weekends, rather than an 18-day voting period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Alvarez is professor of political science at Caltech and he’s been studying the idea of an Election Day holiday and other reforms to make voting more convenient since the aftermath of the 2000 election. His research is focused on voter behavior and which reforms increase turnout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez told NPR the idea for a voting holiday has been around for a while, mostly put forward by Democrats seeking to expand access for voters. But in Republican legislation, he says, the idea is part of a list of reforms that would ultimately narrow voting options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is likely at this point in time being used by those who are opposed to allowing voting for an extended period of time,” Alvarez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also bemoaned the politicization of voting reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that one of the unfortunate realities of America today is that a lot of these really well-intentioned reforms are being talked about in political and highly polarized ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says an Election Day holiday is a good idea, but there are downsides too. He’s spoken with parents who worry having their kids out of school would make it harder, not easier, for them to get to the polls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His philosophy for voting reform is focused on expanding voters’ options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Concentrating on this one day,” Alvarez said, “even if we try to make this one day a day off for many if not most people, is not as good an idea as concentrating on trying to make voting accessible during a broader period of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those options have a real world impact as voters evaluate their schedules in the lead up to Election Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yolande Vincent’s employer gives her time off to vote on Election Day. For her, that’s easier than voting early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do IT for a living, so it’s really hard to predict when I’m going to have a moment to come and vote, so I have to wait until the day of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vincent said for her, a holiday on Election Day wouldn’t make much of a difference, but she says it would be “tremendously” helpful for her kids, who work blue collar jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You say ‘Well, it’s only gonna take you possibly two, maybe three hours tops,'” Vincent said, “But for a lot of people, that’s a big deal to be missing out of your paycheck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Vincent expects her daughter will vote by mail to avoid any last minute problems, while her sons will likely go to the polls after work on Election Day. However it happens, she’s confident they’ll vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It was mandatory when my kids turned 18, let’s go register to have you vote because, there’s people that died for you to have this opportunity and chance, so you’re gonna do it,” Vincent said. “So my grandkids, as soon as they turned 18 they started voting. So it continues.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2022 NPR. To see more, visit https://www.npr.org.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"https://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Should+voting+day+be+a+holiday%3F+Some+election+deniers+say+yes&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Voting in the 2022 midterms has been going on for weeks. The pandemic expanded options in many states, but voters who want to cast their ballot on Election Day still have to go to the polls on a Tuesday, and may have to take time off of work to do so.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats have long led the push for an Election Day holiday, but in the last two years Republicans have put forward at least seven of their own bills as well. An NPR investigation found that sponsors of GOP bills in Arizona and Missouri met or appeared with prominent election deniers, and the influence of election misinformation can be seen in their other proposed election reforms – including limiting mail-in ballots and ending the use of voting machines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Asides with specific hand-picked posts:\u003cbr>\n\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>Election Day holiday bills from each party show their different visions for the future of American elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats favor reforms like mail-in voting and automatic absentee balloting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That’s the case for Florida State Representative Geraldine Thompson, who said she wants to make voting easier for people who are weighing the demands of work and civic duty.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“People have to go to work,” Thompson said. “And so I think making Election Day a holiday will allow more people to participate in our democracy.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thompson sponsored a bill to make Election Day a holiday in her state — the bill contained additional reforms like pre-paid postage on mail-in ballots. In New Mexico, another voting holiday bill went even further, lowering the voting age to 16 in local elections, re-enfranchising people with felony convictions, and making voter registration automatic through the DMV.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>New Mexico State Senator Peter Wirth sponsored that bill, which was killed by a filibuster. He told NPR the bill’s hearing was “contentious,” and that it seemed like word had been sent out that the bill’s provisions to expand voting access were “dangerous.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Republican bills to give voters the day off don’t make it part of a list of reforms to expand voting options. Instead, they often seek to limit voting access to in-person, Election Day ballots.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seth Keshel is a prominent election denier who travels the country touting a ten-point plan for voting policy, and he shared one of those points on the right-wing Stew Peters Show.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“So go ahead and tell the left that we want to turn Election Day into a national holiday and see how they are going to oppose that. But for us we are going to be able to press the measures we need – like restricting mail-in ballots, restricting early voting.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These proposed restrictions are based on misinformation lingering from former President Donald Trump’s loss in the 2020 election. Election deniers, including some Republican politicians and their supporters, claim almost any voting expansion — like mail-in voting and drop boxes — is prone to fraud.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keshel’s philosophy shows up in legislation in Arizona, Missouri, and Washington. He and other election deniers have met or appeared with three of the Republicans who have sponsored bills to make Election Day a holiday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>State Representative Ann Kelley sponsored a Missouri bill to make Election Day a holiday. She told NPR by email she wanted to have more people available to staff elections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Some counties,” Kelley wrote, “it is difficult to even find a place to vote, so this would potentially open up school buildings.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kelley’s bill would have done much more than close schools and give workers the day off. The proposed legislation includes ending electronic voting entirely, a ban on sending unsolicited absentee ballot request forms, and additional provisions for Missouri’s voter ID law.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other Election Day holiday bills came with similar restrictions. An Arizona bill would have repealed the authorization for voting locations to be used as early voting sites, and limited voting centers to Election Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And proposals linked to a bill in Washington would have added a new photo ID provision and limited early voting to just two weekends, rather than an 18-day voting period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Alvarez is professor of political science at Caltech and he’s been studying the idea of an Election Day holiday and other reforms to make voting more convenient since the aftermath of the 2000 election. His research is focused on voter behavior and which reforms increase turnout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Alvarez told NPR the idea for a voting holiday has been around for a while, mostly put forward by Democrats seeking to expand access for voters. But in Republican legislation, he says, the idea is part of a list of reforms that would ultimately narrow voting options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It is likely at this point in time being used by those who are opposed to allowing voting for an extended period of time,” Alvarez said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He also bemoaned the politicization of voting reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I think that one of the unfortunate realities of America today is that a lot of these really well-intentioned reforms are being talked about in political and highly polarized ways.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says an Election Day holiday is a good idea, but there are downsides too. He’s spoken with parents who worry having their kids out of school would make it harder, not easier, for them to get to the polls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His philosophy for voting reform is focused on expanding voters’ options.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Concentrating on this one day,” Alvarez said, “even if we try to make this one day a day off for many if not most people, is not as good an idea as concentrating on trying to make voting accessible during a broader period of time.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those options have a real world impact as voters evaluate their schedules in the lead up to Election Day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yolande Vincent’s employer gives her time off to vote on Election Day. For her, that’s easier than voting early.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I do IT for a living, so it’s really hard to predict when I’m going to have a moment to come and vote, so I have to wait until the day of.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vincent said for her, a holiday on Election Day wouldn’t make much of a difference, but she says it would be “tremendously” helpful for her kids, who work blue collar jobs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You say ‘Well, it’s only gonna take you possibly two, maybe three hours tops,'” Vincent said, “But for a lot of people, that’s a big deal to be missing out of your paycheck.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This year, Vincent expects her daughter will vote by mail to avoid any last minute problems, while her sons will likely go to the polls after work on Election Day. However it happens, she’s confident they’ll vote.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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