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"content": "\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of people drive for Uber in the U.S. The ride-hailing company has had high-profile fights in courts and city halls over the status of these drivers: Are they employees or contractors? Can they unionize?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A fight that’s gotten far less attention — one that may affect drivers far more — is the competition between Uber and its main rival, Lyft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Competition for drivers is so great that, about a year ago, Uber sent covert operatives into Lyft cars — to recruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Isabella Dure-Biondi was one of these covert operatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t really care Lyft versus Uber,” she says. “But I had the chance to make money and I was getting free Lyft rides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Dramatic Tactic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2014, a woman who worked for Uber told Dure-Biondi she could make cash quick. They met at the Arbor Cafe in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She had a laptop, and then she had me sign some” papers, Dure-Biondi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”lwSLyXplsbAPuxxKXjlqucbjqxcDpNIi”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of 2014, Uber had hired hundreds of people across the country for this very grass-roots job. For its part, Lyft says it offers bonuses to current drivers who sign up new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dure-Biondi got Uber training on the spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We took a couple of rides together, and she kind of showed me how to” get Lyft drivers to switch to Uber, Dure-Biondi adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recruiter, who independently verified these details with NPR, gave Dure-Biondi an iPhone. For two months, Dure-Biondi would order Lyft cars, hop in and start chatting up the driver: How are you doing? How’s your day?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, where are you from? Asking nice-people questions. Just being nice,” Dure-Biondi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, she’d casually slip in: “Why’d you decide to drive for Lyft? Oh, yeah, that’s really interesting. Well, would you ever consider driving for Uber? Why did you decide Lyft over Uber?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point in the conversation, Dure-Biondi would reveal that she’s an Uber ambassador, and if the driver signs up right now, they’ll each make hundreds of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, only one guy agreed. Dure-Biondi says the big bonus wasn’t enough: “A lot of people chose Lyft because of the morals of it versus Uber. It was more of a friendly company.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drivers Compare the Services\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Christopherson drives for both Lyft and Uber. “Yeah, I think that there is a difference in the relationship between passengers and drivers in the two platforms,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR spoke with two dozen people who decided to work for both companies. And consistently, these drivers say: In Lyft there are fewer expectations. It’s more touchy-feely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passengers are supposed to hop in the front seat and be friendly because, as the motto goes, the driver is “your friend with a car.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have very few problems with Lyft passengers,” Christopherson says. “They’re generally very nice. Or if they’re not nice, they’re quiet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber started as a luxury brand. Its motto is “everyone’s private driver.” So, Christopherson says, for people like him — people who drive super-part time, who have other jobs — it’s not a great feeling when passengers expect a chauffeur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t really kind of care about what you think of them. And so it’s a little more fraught,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/463473462/463503908\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driver Jennifer Rose agrees there’s a difference, but doesn’t think it’s a bad thing. On days when she’s high on life, has great news about her kids, she can really enjoy a chatty Lyft passenger. Other times, she likes the quiet. “I can appreciate the person who wants to talk the whole trip or the person who just wants to sit there and take a ride,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Financially, there are differences too. NPR examined drivers’ payment statements. Lyft takes 20 percent of fares. Uber takes 20 to 25 percent on the standard service, and 28 percent on the SUV service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most drivers say these percentages are fairly comparable. It’s another line item that stands out: “The one thing that Lyft does and Uber doesn’t is tipping! Did you notice that looking at the [statements]?” Christopherson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft says its drivers earned about $58 million last year — on top of fares — through tips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lyft: Mission Is Different \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft Chief Marketing Officer Kira Wampler says the company is more focused on driver well-being than Uber is because Lyft has a different mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While both companies want to improve transportation, Lyft explicitly has an environmental goal: having fewer cars on the road and filling empty seats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t fill every seat in every car unless the people in each car treat each other well,” Wampler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber declined an interview to discuss driver benefits. But in an email, Faryl Ury, a company spokeswoman, says it’s misleading to just say that Uber takes a bigger cut from drivers. Driver earnings depend a lot on how many rides they get, and in most markets Uber has more passengers calling. On tipping, Ury says, research shows tips are not really based on quality of service, so drivers could be rewarded or dinged unfairly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryder Pearce, co-founder of \u003ca href=\"https://www.sherpashare.com/\">Sherpashare\u003c/a>, a site that tracks wages and expenses for on-demand drivers, says competition is an “enormous benefit” for workers. When Uber or Lyft announces a new perk, the other follows, thereby pushing up the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, both companies recently announced short-term car rentals for drivers who don’t have their own wheels or insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Uber and Lyft both recognize that if they don’t keep rates competitive, and add more driver perks — and both have very large teams working on this — they will lose out on drivers,” Pearce says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sherpashare data indicate many drivers work for more than one service. Pearce says they don’t have a strong incentive to be loyal because the differences between companies are not that stark. Drivers’ bottom-line concern: “They just want to log in and have passengers to pick up,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If one company won and got all the business, he says, drivers would lose out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+The+Battle+Between+Lyft+And+Uber%2C+The+Focus+Is+On+Drivers&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Transcript :\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ARI SHAPIRO, HOST:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And let’s turn now to one of the fiercest business rivalries made possible by the smartphone app revolution. It’s time for All Tech considered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAPIRO: Hundreds of thousands of people now drive for either Uber or Lyft, providing rides at the touch of an app. There have been legal debates over their status. Are the drivers contractors or employees? Can they unionize? Now add this to the driver’s dilemma: When they sign on to drive for one company, drivers become a recruitment target for the other. Here’s NPR’s Aarti Shahani in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AARTI SHAHANI, BYLINE: In the Bay Area, both companies are big, and competition for drivers is so great that about a year back, Uber sent covert operatives into Lyft cars to recruit. Isabella Dure-Biondi was one of these covert operatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ISABELLA DURE-BIONDI: And, like, I don’t really care Lyft versus Uber, like. But I had the chance to make money, and I was getting free Lyft rides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: In November of 2014, a woman who worked for Uber told Dure-Biondi she could make cash quick. They met right here at the Arbor Cafe in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DURE-BIONDI: She had a laptop, and she had me sign some, like, online papers. And I think she had some, like, paper papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: By the end of 2014, Uber had hired hundreds of people across the country for this very gras-roots job. For its part, Lyft says it offers bonuses to current drivers who sign on new ones. Dure-Biondi got Uber training quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DURE-BIONDI: We took a couple of rides together, and she kind of showed me how to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: The recruiter who independently verified these details with NPR gave Dure-Biondi an iPhone. For two months, she would order Lyft cars, hop in and start chatting up the driver. How are you doing? How’s your day?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DURE-BIONDI: Oh, where are you from — asking kind of, like, nice-people questions, just being nice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: And then casually slip in …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DURE-BIONDI: Why did you decide to drive for Lyft? Oh, yeah, that’s really interesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: Nod, nod, nod, and then …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DURE-BIONDI: You’d be, like, well, would you ever consider driving for Uber? Like, why did you decide Lyft over Uber?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: At this point in the conversation, Dure-Biondi would reveal she’s an Uber ambassador, and if the driver signs up right now, they each make hundreds of dollars. Interestingly, only one guy agreed. Dure-Biondi says the big bonus wasn’t enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DURE-BIONDI: A lot of people chose Lyft because of the, like, morals of it versus Uber. You know, it was more of a, like, friendly company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SCOTT CHRISTOPHERSON: That’s the thing. Yeah, I think that there is a difference in the relationship between passengers and drivers in the two platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: Scott Christopherson drives for Lyft and Uber. NPR spoke with two dozen people who decided to work for both. And consistently, these drivers say in Lyft cars, there are fewer expectations. Passengers are supposed to hop in the front seat and be friendly because, as the motto goes, the driver is your friend with a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTOPHERSON: I’ve had very few problems with the Lyft passengers. They’re generally very nice, or if they’re not nice, they’re quiet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: Uber started as a luxury brand. Its motto is, everyone’s private driver. So, Christopherson says, for people like him, people who drive super part-time who have other jobs, it’s not a great feeling when passengers expect a chauffeur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTOPHERSON: They don’t really kind of care about what you think of them, and so it’s a little more fraught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: Financially, there are differences, too. NPR examined drivers’ payment statements. Lyft takes 20 percent of fairs. Uber takes 20 to 25 percent on the standard service and 28 percent on the SUV service. Most drivers say these percentages are fairly comparable. It’s another line item that stands out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTOPHERSON: The one thing that Lyft does and Uber doesn’t is tipping. Did you notice that looking at the things?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: Chief marketing officer Kira Wampler says Lyft is more focused on driver well-being than Uber is because it’s got a different mission. While both companies want to improve transportation, Lyft explicitly has an environmental goal to get fewer cars on the road and fill empty seats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KIRA WAMPLER: You can’t fill every seat in every car unless the people in the car treat each other well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: Uber declined an interview to discuss driver benefits, but in an email, a company spokeswoman says it’s misleading to just say Uber takes a bigger cut from drivers. Driver earnings depend a lot on how many rides they get, and Uber has more passengers calling. On tipping, she says research shows tips are not really based on quality of service, so drivers could be rewarded or dinged unfairly. Ryder Pearce, co-founder of SherpaShare, a site that tracks wages and expenses for on-demand drivers, says competition benefits workers. When Uber or Lyft announces a new perk, the other follows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RYDER PEARCE: Uber and Lyft will both recognize that if they don’t keep rates competitive and add more driver perks — and both have very large teams working on this — they will lose out on drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: Many drivers work for more than one service. Pearce says they don’t have a strong incentive to be loyal because their bottom line is …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PEARCE: They just want to log in and have passengers to pick up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: If one company won, got all the business, he says, drivers would lose out. Aarti Shahani, NPR News, San Francisco. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Hundreds of thousands of people drive for Uber in the U.S. The ride-hailing company has had high-profile fights in courts and city halls over the status of these drivers: Are they employees or contractors? Can they unionize?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A fight that’s gotten far less attention — one that may affect drivers far more — is the competition between Uber and its main rival, Lyft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Competition for drivers is so great that, about a year ago, Uber sent covert operatives into Lyft cars — to recruit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Isabella Dure-Biondi was one of these covert operatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I don’t really care Lyft versus Uber,” she says. “But I had the chance to make money and I was getting free Lyft rides.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A Dramatic Tactic\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In November 2014, a woman who worked for Uber told Dure-Biondi she could make cash quick. They met at the Arbor Cafe in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“She had a laptop, and then she had me sign some” papers, Dure-Biondi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>By the end of 2014, Uber had hired hundreds of people across the country for this very grass-roots job. For its part, Lyft says it offers bonuses to current drivers who sign up new ones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dure-Biondi got Uber training on the spot.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We took a couple of rides together, and she kind of showed me how to” get Lyft drivers to switch to Uber, Dure-Biondi adds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The recruiter, who independently verified these details with NPR, gave Dure-Biondi an iPhone. For two months, Dure-Biondi would order Lyft cars, hop in and start chatting up the driver: How are you doing? How’s your day?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Oh, where are you from? Asking nice-people questions. Just being nice,” Dure-Biondi says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then, she’d casually slip in: “Why’d you decide to drive for Lyft? Oh, yeah, that’s really interesting. Well, would you ever consider driving for Uber? Why did you decide Lyft over Uber?”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At this point in the conversation, Dure-Biondi would reveal that she’s an Uber ambassador, and if the driver signs up right now, they’ll each make hundreds of dollars.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Interestingly, only one guy agreed. Dure-Biondi says the big bonus wasn’t enough: “A lot of people chose Lyft because of the morals of it versus Uber. It was more of a friendly company.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Drivers Compare the Services\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Scott Christopherson drives for both Lyft and Uber. “Yeah, I think that there is a difference in the relationship between passengers and drivers in the two platforms,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>NPR spoke with two dozen people who decided to work for both companies. And consistently, these drivers say: In Lyft there are fewer expectations. It’s more touchy-feely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Passengers are supposed to hop in the front seat and be friendly because, as the motto goes, the driver is “your friend with a car.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I have very few problems with Lyft passengers,” Christopherson says. “They’re generally very nice. Or if they’re not nice, they’re quiet.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber started as a luxury brand. Its motto is “everyone’s private driver.” So, Christopherson says, for people like him — people who drive super-part time, who have other jobs — it’s not a great feeling when passengers expect a chauffeur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“They don’t really kind of care about what you think of them. And so it’s a little more fraught,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/463473462/463503908\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Driver Jennifer Rose agrees there’s a difference, but doesn’t think it’s a bad thing. On days when she’s high on life, has great news about her kids, she can really enjoy a chatty Lyft passenger. Other times, she likes the quiet. “I can appreciate the person who wants to talk the whole trip or the person who just wants to sit there and take a ride,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Financially, there are differences too. NPR examined drivers’ payment statements. Lyft takes 20 percent of fares. Uber takes 20 to 25 percent on the standard service, and 28 percent on the SUV service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most drivers say these percentages are fairly comparable. It’s another line item that stands out: “The one thing that Lyft does and Uber doesn’t is tipping! Did you notice that looking at the [statements]?” Christopherson says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft says its drivers earned about $58 million last year — on top of fares — through tips.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Lyft: Mission Is Different \u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lyft Chief Marketing Officer Kira Wampler says the company is more focused on driver well-being than Uber is because Lyft has a different mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>While both companies want to improve transportation, Lyft explicitly has an environmental goal: having fewer cars on the road and filling empty seats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“You can’t fill every seat in every car unless the people in each car treat each other well,” Wampler says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Uber declined an interview to discuss driver benefits. But in an email, Faryl Ury, a company spokeswoman, says it’s misleading to just say that Uber takes a bigger cut from drivers. Driver earnings depend a lot on how many rides they get, and in most markets Uber has more passengers calling. On tipping, Ury says, research shows tips are not really based on quality of service, so drivers could be rewarded or dinged unfairly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ryder Pearce, co-founder of \u003ca href=\"https://www.sherpashare.com/\">Sherpashare\u003c/a>, a site that tracks wages and expenses for on-demand drivers, says competition is an “enormous benefit” for workers. When Uber or Lyft announces a new perk, the other follows, thereby pushing up the floor.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For example, both companies recently announced short-term car rentals for drivers who don’t have their own wheels or insurance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Uber and Lyft both recognize that if they don’t keep rates competitive, and add more driver perks — and both have very large teams working on this — they will lose out on drivers,” Pearce says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sherpashare data indicate many drivers work for more than one service. Pearce says they don’t have a strong incentive to be loyal because the differences between companies are not that stark. Drivers’ bottom-line concern: “They just want to log in and have passengers to pick up,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If one company won and got all the business, he says, drivers would lose out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+The+Battle+Between+Lyft+And+Uber%2C+The+Focus+Is+On+Drivers&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Transcript :\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ARI SHAPIRO, HOST:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And let’s turn now to one of the fiercest business rivalries made possible by the smartphone app revolution. It’s time for All Tech considered.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>(SOUNDBITE OF MUSIC)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAPIRO: Hundreds of thousands of people now drive for either Uber or Lyft, providing rides at the touch of an app. There have been legal debates over their status. Are the drivers contractors or employees? Can they unionize? Now add this to the driver’s dilemma: When they sign on to drive for one company, drivers become a recruitment target for the other. Here’s NPR’s Aarti Shahani in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>AARTI SHAHANI, BYLINE: In the Bay Area, both companies are big, and competition for drivers is so great that about a year back, Uber sent covert operatives into Lyft cars to recruit. Isabella Dure-Biondi was one of these covert operatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>ISABELLA DURE-BIONDI: And, like, I don’t really care Lyft versus Uber, like. But I had the chance to make money, and I was getting free Lyft rides.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: In November of 2014, a woman who worked for Uber told Dure-Biondi she could make cash quick. They met right here at the Arbor Cafe in Oakland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DURE-BIONDI: She had a laptop, and she had me sign some, like, online papers. And I think she had some, like, paper papers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: By the end of 2014, Uber had hired hundreds of people across the country for this very gras-roots job. For its part, Lyft says it offers bonuses to current drivers who sign on new ones. Dure-Biondi got Uber training quickly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DURE-BIONDI: We took a couple of rides together, and she kind of showed me how to do it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: The recruiter who independently verified these details with NPR gave Dure-Biondi an iPhone. For two months, she would order Lyft cars, hop in and start chatting up the driver. How are you doing? How’s your day?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DURE-BIONDI: Oh, where are you from — asking kind of, like, nice-people questions, just being nice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: And then casually slip in …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DURE-BIONDI: Why did you decide to drive for Lyft? Oh, yeah, that’s really interesting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: Nod, nod, nod, and then …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DURE-BIONDI: You’d be, like, well, would you ever consider driving for Uber? Like, why did you decide Lyft over Uber?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: At this point in the conversation, Dure-Biondi would reveal she’s an Uber ambassador, and if the driver signs up right now, they each make hundreds of dollars. Interestingly, only one guy agreed. Dure-Biondi says the big bonus wasn’t enough.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>DURE-BIONDI: A lot of people chose Lyft because of the, like, morals of it versus Uber. You know, it was more of a, like, friendly company.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SCOTT CHRISTOPHERSON: That’s the thing. Yeah, I think that there is a difference in the relationship between passengers and drivers in the two platforms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: Scott Christopherson drives for Lyft and Uber. NPR spoke with two dozen people who decided to work for both. And consistently, these drivers say in Lyft cars, there are fewer expectations. Passengers are supposed to hop in the front seat and be friendly because, as the motto goes, the driver is your friend with a car.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTOPHERSON: I’ve had very few problems with the Lyft passengers. They’re generally very nice, or if they’re not nice, they’re quiet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: Uber started as a luxury brand. Its motto is, everyone’s private driver. So, Christopherson says, for people like him, people who drive super part-time who have other jobs, it’s not a great feeling when passengers expect a chauffeur.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTOPHERSON: They don’t really kind of care about what you think of them, and so it’s a little more fraught.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: Financially, there are differences, too. NPR examined drivers’ payment statements. Lyft takes 20 percent of fairs. Uber takes 20 to 25 percent on the standard service and 28 percent on the SUV service. Most drivers say these percentages are fairly comparable. It’s another line item that stands out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>CHRISTOPHERSON: The one thing that Lyft does and Uber doesn’t is tipping. Did you notice that looking at the things?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: Chief marketing officer Kira Wampler says Lyft is more focused on driver well-being than Uber is because it’s got a different mission. While both companies want to improve transportation, Lyft explicitly has an environmental goal to get fewer cars on the road and fill empty seats.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KIRA WAMPLER: You can’t fill every seat in every car unless the people in the car treat each other well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: Uber declined an interview to discuss driver benefits, but in an email, a company spokeswoman says it’s misleading to just say Uber takes a bigger cut from drivers. Driver earnings depend a lot on how many rides they get, and Uber has more passengers calling. On tipping, she says research shows tips are not really based on quality of service, so drivers could be rewarded or dinged unfairly. Ryder Pearce, co-founder of SherpaShare, a site that tracks wages and expenses for on-demand drivers, says competition benefits workers. When Uber or Lyft announces a new perk, the other follows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>RYDER PEARCE: Uber and Lyft will both recognize that if they don’t keep rates competitive and add more driver perks — and both have very large teams working on this — they will lose out on drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SHAHANI: Many drivers work for more than one service. Pearce says they don’t have a strong incentive to be loyal because their bottom line is …\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>PEARCE: They just want to log in and have passengers to pick up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Gas Company Understated Benzene Exposure From Porter Ranch Leak",
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"content": "\u003cp>The company that owns the leaking natural gas well in Los Angeles understated the number of air samples showing higher-than-usual levels of benzene, The Associated Press reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to concerns over the disaster, efforts to stop the leak appear to have destabilized the well, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">the Los Angeles Times reports\u003c/a>, raising the risk of a blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak at Porter Ranch, which recently prompted California to declare \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\">a state of emergency\u003c/a>, has been spewing enormous quantities of the greenhouse gas methane into the air \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/23/porter-ranch-residents-at-wits-end-over-months-old-gas-leak\">for months\u003c/a>. It's expected to take months more to fix. The disaster \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/01/11/462627012/la-councilman-compares-porter-ranch-gas-leak-to-bp-oil-spill-but-on-land\">has been compared to the BP oil spill\u003c/a> for its impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company that owns the leaking well, Southern California Gas Co., \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/14/56207/socal-gas-took-days-to-inform-residents-local-agen/\">has been under fire\u003c/a> for not quickly communicating to nearby residents when the leak (which is invisible to the naked eye) began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10833735\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10833735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1.jpg\" alt=\"Workers on-site at a relief well SoCalGas drilled to try and stop the leak at its Aliso Canyon Storage Facility.\" width=\"768\" height=\"934\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1-400x486.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers on-site at a relief well SoCalGas drilled to try and stop the leak at its Aliso Canyon Storage Facility. \u003ccite>(Lance DeLaura/SoCalGas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now the AP says the utility has also been less than transparent about the results of its air tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas \"understated the number of times airborne levels of the cancer-causing chemical benzene have spiked during the crisis,\" the wire service reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twice-daily \u003ca href=\"https://www.alisoupdates.com/acu-aliso-canyon-air-sample-results\">air sample results\u003c/a> have been posted online by the company. Summarizing the results, the company said benzene — which is known to cause \u003ca href=\"http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/benzene/basics/facts.asp\">leukemia and anemia\u003c/a> — was detected at \"extremely low concentrations ... consistent with the levels expected for the area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Coast Air Quality Management District's \u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/air-quality/air-toxic-studies/mates-iv/mates-iv-final-draft-report-4-1-15.pdf?sfvrsn=7\">most recent report on air pollution\u003c/a> notes that average levels of benzene across the L.A. area are less than 0.5 parts per billion. But the company puts \"levels expected for the area\" at up to 2 ppb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AP reports says that:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Apparently relying on that standard, SoCalGas originally said that benzene was found in amounts slightly higher than background levels in just two samples, both on Nov. 10. The suspect readings were 5.6 parts per billion in one gated development about a mile from the well and 3.7 parts per billion in the Porter Ranch Estates neighborhood of 1,100 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"However, a more detailed look at the data by the AP and outside experts showed at least 10 other instances over seven days in November when benzene exceeded 1 part per billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In its update Thursday, SoCalGas said that nearly 1,200 tests had found 14 instances where benzene exceeded 1 part per billion, including one time in December.\"\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A SoCalGas spokeswoman called the omission of those readings from the summaries \"an oversight,\" the AP says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company maintains there's no health risk posed by the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much benzene threatens human health? It depends on whom you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>SoCalGas points to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10043\">OSHA standard\u003c/a> for acceptable workplace exposure, which is 1,000 ppb over an eight-hour period.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic_rels/pdf/BenzeneRELsJune2014.pdf\">California's EPA\u003c/a> has defined stricter levels for benzene: 8 ppb for acute exposure (one hour) and 1 ppb for eight-hour or chronic exposure.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The World Health Organization maintains there is \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/ipcs/features/benzene.pdf\">no safe concentration of benzene.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">reports\u003c/a> that SoCalGas' efforts to cap the well have actually increased the risk of a blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"KSBPwVARzVWbX3cKA8YnSpQtbpEUeYUL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven attempts to plug the leak have made the area less stable, the paper reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The chief deputy director of the [California Department of Conservation], Jason Marshall, and a senior oil and gas field regulator assigned to daily watch at Aliso Canyon, Scott McGurk, told The Times the site and wellhead were made more unstable by the gas company's attempts to stop the leak by pumping a slurry directly into the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The last of those efforts, which stretched over several days beginning Dec. 22, expanded a crater around the wellhead, state and gas company officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The crater is now 25 feet deep, 80 feet long and 30 feet wide, those officials said. The wellhead sits exposed within the cavernous space, held in place with cables attached after it wobbled during the plugging attempt, Marshall and McGurk said. The well pipe and its control valves are exposed and unsupported within that hole, atop a deep field of pressurized gas. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'If the wellhead fails, the thing is just going to be full blast,' said Gene Nelson, a physical sciences professor at Cuesta College. \"It will be a horrible, horrible problem. The leak rates would go way up.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The newspaper also notes that even without a blowout, the leak could catch on fire. It quoted California Department of Conservation spokesman Don Drysdale as saying the possibility is \"a concern.\" You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">read the Times' full report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The company that owns the leaking natural gas well in Los Angeles understated the number of air samples showing higher-than-usual levels of benzene, The Associated Press reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adding to concerns over the disaster, efforts to stop the leak appear to have destabilized the well, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">the Los Angeles Times reports\u003c/a>, raising the risk of a blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak at Porter Ranch, which recently prompted California to declare \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\">a state of emergency\u003c/a>, has been spewing enormous quantities of the greenhouse gas methane into the air \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/23/porter-ranch-residents-at-wits-end-over-months-old-gas-leak\">for months\u003c/a>. It's expected to take months more to fix. The disaster \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/01/11/462627012/la-councilman-compares-porter-ranch-gas-leak-to-bp-oil-spill-but-on-land\">has been compared to the BP oil spill\u003c/a> for its impact.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company that owns the leaking well, Southern California Gas Co., \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/14/56207/socal-gas-took-days-to-inform-residents-local-agen/\">has been under fire\u003c/a> for not quickly communicating to nearby residents when the leak (which is invisible to the naked eye) began.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10833735\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 768px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10833735\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1.jpg\" alt=\"Workers on-site at a relief well SoCalGas drilled to try and stop the leak at its Aliso Canyon Storage Facility.\" width=\"768\" height=\"934\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/ReliefWellWorkers-1-400x486.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Workers on-site at a relief well SoCalGas drilled to try and stop the leak at its Aliso Canyon Storage Facility. \u003ccite>(Lance DeLaura/SoCalGas)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Now the AP says the utility has also been less than transparent about the results of its air tests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas \"understated the number of times airborne levels of the cancer-causing chemical benzene have spiked during the crisis,\" the wire service reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Twice-daily \u003ca href=\"https://www.alisoupdates.com/acu-aliso-canyon-air-sample-results\">air sample results\u003c/a> have been posted online by the company. Summarizing the results, the company said benzene — which is known to cause \u003ca href=\"http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/benzene/basics/facts.asp\">leukemia and anemia\u003c/a> — was detected at \"extremely low concentrations ... consistent with the levels expected for the area.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The South Coast Air Quality Management District's \u003ca href=\"http://www.aqmd.gov/docs/default-source/air-quality/air-toxic-studies/mates-iv/mates-iv-final-draft-report-4-1-15.pdf?sfvrsn=7\">most recent report on air pollution\u003c/a> notes that average levels of benzene across the L.A. area are less than 0.5 parts per billion. But the company puts \"levels expected for the area\" at up to 2 ppb.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The AP reports says that:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Apparently relying on that standard, SoCalGas originally said that benzene was found in amounts slightly higher than background levels in just two samples, both on Nov. 10. The suspect readings were 5.6 parts per billion in one gated development about a mile from the well and 3.7 parts per billion in the Porter Ranch Estates neighborhood of 1,100 homes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"However, a more detailed look at the data by the AP and outside experts showed at least 10 other instances over seven days in November when benzene exceeded 1 part per billion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In its update Thursday, SoCalGas said that nearly 1,200 tests had found 14 instances where benzene exceeded 1 part per billion, including one time in December.\"\u003cstrong>\u003cbr>\n\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>A SoCalGas spokeswoman called the omission of those readings from the summaries \"an oversight,\" the AP says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company maintains there's no health risk posed by the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much benzene threatens human health? It depends on whom you ask.\u003c/p>\n\u003cul>\n\u003cli>SoCalGas points to the \u003ca href=\"https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS&p_id=10043\">OSHA standard\u003c/a> for acceptable workplace exposure, which is 1,000 ppb over an eight-hour period.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>\u003ca href=\"http://oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic_rels/pdf/BenzeneRELsJune2014.pdf\">California's EPA\u003c/a> has defined stricter levels for benzene: 8 ppb for acute exposure (one hour) and 1 ppb for eight-hour or chronic exposure.\u003c/li>\n\u003cli>The World Health Organization maintains there is \u003ca href=\"http://www.who.int/ipcs/features/benzene.pdf\">no safe concentration of benzene.\u003c/a>\u003c/li>\n\u003c/ul>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, the Los Angeles Times \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">reports\u003c/a> that SoCalGas' efforts to cap the well have actually increased the risk of a blowout.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Seven attempts to plug the leak have made the area less stable, the paper reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The chief deputy director of the [California Department of Conservation], Jason Marshall, and a senior oil and gas field regulator assigned to daily watch at Aliso Canyon, Scott McGurk, told The Times the site and wellhead were made more unstable by the gas company's attempts to stop the leak by pumping a slurry directly into the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The last of those efforts, which stretched over several days beginning Dec. 22, expanded a crater around the wellhead, state and gas company officials said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The crater is now 25 feet deep, 80 feet long and 30 feet wide, those officials said. The wellhead sits exposed within the cavernous space, held in place with cables attached after it wobbled during the plugging attempt, Marshall and McGurk said. The well pipe and its control valves are exposed and unsupported within that hole, atop a deep field of pressurized gas. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\" 'If the wellhead fails, the thing is just going to be full blast,' said Gene Nelson, a physical sciences professor at Cuesta College. \"It will be a horrible, horrible problem. The leak rates would go way up.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The newspaper also notes that even without a blowout, the leak could catch on fire. It quoted California Department of Conservation spokesman Don Drysdale as saying the possibility is \"a concern.\" You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-aliso-well-hole-20160115-story.html\">read the Times' full report\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "St. Louis Fans’ Ire, and Other Reactions to the Rams’ Move to L.A.",
"title": "St. Louis Fans’ Ire, and Other Reactions to the Rams’ Move to L.A.",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>News that the NFL's owners approved a plan to move the St. Louis Rams back to Los Angeles next season is causing excitement in California — and bitter dismay in St. Louis, where fans and officials alike say they feel betrayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late on Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/12/462848857/nfl-votes-to-move-rams-to-los-angeles-with-option-for-chargers-to-join-them\">the NFL endorsed Rams owner Stan Kroenke's proposal\u003c/a> to build a $1.86 billion stadium in Inglewood, a suburb of Los Angeles. It also gave the San Diego Chargers an option to share the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, St. Louis fans vented their sadness and anger, mixed with appreciation for the franchise that won a Super Bowl in 2000. One very conspicuous message came from Andy Cohen, a St. Louis native who hosts the talk show \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.bravotv.com/watch-what-happens-live/season-13/episode-8/videos/andy-chooses-stan-kroenke-as-jackhole\">Watch What Happens Live\u003c/a>\" on the Bravo network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"V6dAbVoSgI3hKQWH7dSqP8wz31SXxP8n\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't forgive this,\" Cohen said, in a segment in which he noted that St. Louis had recently topped t\u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/ranking-americas-top-sports-cities-in-2015new-york-ok-philadelphia-terrible-1451696231\">he Wall Street Journal's\u003c/a> list of America's top sports cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing Kroenke through the camera, Cohen said, \"As a proud St. Louisan, I want to give you something on behalf of my hometown.\" He proceeded to make a rude gesture with both hands, saying, \"That's for you, buddy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When news of the move emerged during Tuesday night's St. Louis Blues NHL game, fans inside Scottrade Center took up a loud chant to air their disdain for Kroenke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/kingbrian_/status/687139607687729152\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rams' exit is particularly galling for some in St. Louis because officials had offered a deal to build a $1.1 billion riverfront stadium — only to learn last week that Kroenke had sharply criticized the city in his NFL application to move the franchise, calling St. Louis a \"struggling\" place where the population isn't projected to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No NFL club would be interested\" in the city's plan for a new stadium, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/fullscreen/294704700?access_key=key-TDpB4kf7vHtfPavo22Dy&allow_share=true&escape=false&view_mode=scroll\">the application said\u003c/a>, adding later, \"The public contribution is only $355 million.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those and other observations in the document set off a wave of negative reaction in St. Louis. Local podcast host Kelly Manno launched a plan to send $250 worth of animal excrement to Kroenke — a plan that has now apparently been carried out, after Manno said \u003ca href=\"http://kellymanno.blogspot.com/2016/01/who-wants-to-help-send-stan-kroenke-box.html\">her public financing goal\u003c/a> was surpassed in just six hours. She used a Web service — \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipoopyou.com/\">I Poop You\u003c/a> — to send the package, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.riverfronttimes.com/newsblog/2016/01/13/yes-a-st-louis-radio-host-just-sent-stan-kroenke-a-huge-pile-of-shit\">Riverfront Times\u003c/a> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other fans took a more personal route, dropping off jerseys and other team memorabilia at Rams Park. Local TV \u003ca href=\"http://fox2now.com/2016/01/13/silence-of-the-rams-nfl-approves-vote-to-move-to-los-angeles/\">2 Now reports\u003c/a> that \"fans, or former fans, are purposely driving past the park to throw out unwanted jerseys and team gear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10831757\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-10831757\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/StanK-1440x1652.jpg\" alt=\"St. Louis Rams owner Stan Kroenke.\" width=\"640\" height=\"734\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/StanK-1440x1652.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/StanK-400x459.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/StanK-800x918.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/StanK-768x881.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/StanK.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/StanK-1180x1353.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/StanK-960x1101.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Louis Rams owner Stan Kroenke. \u003ccite>(GLYN KIRK/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Saying that the NFL had ignored the truth about his city as well as fans \"who supported the team through far more downs than ups,\" St. Louis Mayor Francis Slay says, \"St. Louis is great place to live and build a business — with or without NFL football.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collecting other reactions Wednesday, the \u003ca href=\"http://sports.live.stltoday.com/Article/1694945-Rams-fans-react-to-teams-departure\">St. Louis Post-Dispatch\u003c/a> included several tweets from fans who cited kids' disappointment. One photo showed a child opening a Christmas present containing a Rams jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breakups between a pro sports franchise and a host city are rarely amicable. For many in L.A., there were hard feelings when the Rams left after the 1994 season. And in that city today, the mood for many enduring Rams fans is one of jubilation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A posting about the move on \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/latimes\">the Los Angeles Times Facebook page\u003c/a> has drawn enthusiastic responses, with some fans welcoming the return of rivalries such as the 49ers-Rams. But one of the highest-ranked comments read, \"LOS ANGELES RAIDERS... nobody wants the rams only those yellow journalism workers at the LA times.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.laweekly.com/news/nfl-football-returns-to-la-6472979\">LA Weekly\u003c/a> celebrated the decision by exclaiming, \"NFL Football Returns To L.A.!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti welcomed the move by saying, \"With the NFL returning home, Los Angeles cements itself as the epicenter of the sports world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fans in St. Louis will likely take scant solace in the fact that they're not the only losers in this deal. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000621841/article/nfls-return-to-la-business-deal-smiles-on-rams-hurts-others\">NFL.com's Judy Battista writes\u003c/a> that Chargers owner Dean Spanos and Oakland Raiders owner Mark Davis, who presented a rival plan to share a stadium in L.A., were also spurned:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"They, alone on that stage, knew what St. Louis Rams fans were feeling Tuesday night, because they had just endured a day in which the people they thought would have their backs had instead rejected them — dramatically, stunningly, but soundly.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Battista also notes that when the NFL's team owners voted on the proposals, they did so by secret ballot. The final tally was 30-2 in favor of Kroenke's plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current and former Rams players had a range of reactions to the deal. Kurt Warner, quarterback of the Super Bowl-winning team, told \"all the awesome St. Louis Rams fans\" that he'll never forget them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former running back Eric Dickerson, who played for the Los Angeles Rams in the 1980s, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/EricDickerson/status/687088316613693440\">tweeted\u003c/a>, \"Welcome home! #LARams2016.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the headline \"It's over,\" \u003ca href=\"http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/its-over-kroenke-moving-rams-los-angeles\">St. Louis Public Radio\u003c/a> reports, \"The moving trucks lining up at Rams' Park will mark the second time since 1988 that an NFL squad departed from the Gateway City. It's unclear whether the city will get another chance at hosting that professional sport.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=St.+Louis+Fans%27+Ire%2C+And+Other+Reactions+To+The+Rams%27+Move+To+LA&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>News that the NFL's owners approved a plan to move the St. Louis Rams back to Los Angeles next season is causing excitement in California — and bitter dismay in St. Louis, where fans and officials alike say they feel betrayed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Late on Tuesday, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/12/462848857/nfl-votes-to-move-rams-to-los-angeles-with-option-for-chargers-to-join-them\">the NFL endorsed Rams owner Stan Kroenke's proposal\u003c/a> to build a $1.86 billion stadium in Inglewood, a suburb of Los Angeles. It also gave the San Diego Chargers an option to share the facility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In response, St. Louis fans vented their sadness and anger, mixed with appreciation for the franchise that won a Super Bowl in 2000. One very conspicuous message came from Andy Cohen, a St. Louis native who hosts the talk show \"\u003ca href=\"http://www.bravotv.com/watch-what-happens-live/season-13/episode-8/videos/andy-chooses-stan-kroenke-as-jackhole\">Watch What Happens Live\u003c/a>\" on the Bravo network.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I can't forgive this,\" Cohen said, in a segment in which he noted that St. Louis had recently topped t\u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/ranking-americas-top-sports-cities-in-2015new-york-ok-philadelphia-terrible-1451696231\">he Wall Street Journal's\u003c/a> list of America's top sports cities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Addressing Kroenke through the camera, Cohen said, \"As a proud St. Louisan, I want to give you something on behalf of my hometown.\" He proceeded to make a rude gesture with both hands, saying, \"That's for you, buddy.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When news of the move emerged during Tuesday night's St. Louis Blues NHL game, fans inside Scottrade Center took up a loud chant to air their disdain for Kroenke.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>The Rams' exit is particularly galling for some in St. Louis because officials had offered a deal to build a $1.1 billion riverfront stadium — only to learn last week that Kroenke had sharply criticized the city in his NFL application to move the franchise, calling St. Louis a \"struggling\" place where the population isn't projected to grow.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"No NFL club would be interested\" in the city's plan for a new stadium, \u003ca href=\"https://www.scribd.com/fullscreen/294704700?access_key=key-TDpB4kf7vHtfPavo22Dy&allow_share=true&escape=false&view_mode=scroll\">the application said\u003c/a>, adding later, \"The public contribution is only $355 million.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those and other observations in the document set off a wave of negative reaction in St. Louis. Local podcast host Kelly Manno launched a plan to send $250 worth of animal excrement to Kroenke — a plan that has now apparently been carried out, after Manno said \u003ca href=\"http://kellymanno.blogspot.com/2016/01/who-wants-to-help-send-stan-kroenke-box.html\">her public financing goal\u003c/a> was surpassed in just six hours. She used a Web service — \u003ca href=\"https://www.ipoopyou.com/\">I Poop You\u003c/a> — to send the package, as the \u003ca href=\"http://www.riverfronttimes.com/newsblog/2016/01/13/yes-a-st-louis-radio-host-just-sent-stan-kroenke-a-huge-pile-of-shit\">Riverfront Times\u003c/a> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Other fans took a more personal route, dropping off jerseys and other team memorabilia at Rams Park. Local TV \u003ca href=\"http://fox2now.com/2016/01/13/silence-of-the-rams-nfl-approves-vote-to-move-to-los-angeles/\">2 Now reports\u003c/a> that \"fans, or former fans, are purposely driving past the park to throw out unwanted jerseys and team gear.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10831757\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-large wp-image-10831757\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/StanK-1440x1652.jpg\" alt=\"St. Louis Rams owner Stan Kroenke.\" width=\"640\" height=\"734\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/StanK-1440x1652.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/StanK-400x459.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/StanK-800x918.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/StanK-768x881.jpg 768w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/StanK.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/StanK-1180x1353.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/StanK-960x1101.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">St. Louis Rams owner Stan Kroenke. \u003ccite>(GLYN KIRK/AFP/Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Saying that the NFL had ignored the truth about his city as well as fans \"who supported the team through far more downs than ups,\" St. Louis Mayor Francis Slay says, \"St. Louis is great place to live and build a business — with or without NFL football.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Collecting other reactions Wednesday, the \u003ca href=\"http://sports.live.stltoday.com/Article/1694945-Rams-fans-react-to-teams-departure\">St. Louis Post-Dispatch\u003c/a> included several tweets from fans who cited kids' disappointment. One photo showed a child opening a Christmas present containing a Rams jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Breakups between a pro sports franchise and a host city are rarely amicable. For many in L.A., there were hard feelings when the Rams left after the 1994 season. And in that city today, the mood for many enduring Rams fans is one of jubilation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A posting about the move on \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/latimes\">the Los Angeles Times Facebook page\u003c/a> has drawn enthusiastic responses, with some fans welcoming the return of rivalries such as the 49ers-Rams. But one of the highest-ranked comments read, \"LOS ANGELES RAIDERS... nobody wants the rams only those yellow journalism workers at the LA times.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.laweekly.com/news/nfl-football-returns-to-la-6472979\">LA Weekly\u003c/a> celebrated the decision by exclaiming, \"NFL Football Returns To L.A.!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti welcomed the move by saying, \"With the NFL returning home, Los Angeles cements itself as the epicenter of the sports world.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fans in St. Louis will likely take scant solace in the fact that they're not the only losers in this deal. \u003ca href=\"http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap3000000621841/article/nfls-return-to-la-business-deal-smiles-on-rams-hurts-others\">NFL.com's Judy Battista writes\u003c/a> that Chargers owner Dean Spanos and Oakland Raiders owner Mark Davis, who presented a rival plan to share a stadium in L.A., were also spurned:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"They, alone on that stage, knew what St. Louis Rams fans were feeling Tuesday night, because they had just endured a day in which the people they thought would have their backs had instead rejected them — dramatically, stunningly, but soundly.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Battista also notes that when the NFL's team owners voted on the proposals, they did so by secret ballot. The final tally was 30-2 in favor of Kroenke's plan.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Current and former Rams players had a range of reactions to the deal. Kurt Warner, quarterback of the Super Bowl-winning team, told \"all the awesome St. Louis Rams fans\" that he'll never forget them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Former running back Eric Dickerson, who played for the Los Angeles Rams in the 1980s, \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/EricDickerson/status/687088316613693440\">tweeted\u003c/a>, \"Welcome home! #LARams2016.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the headline \"It's over,\" \u003ca href=\"http://news.stlpublicradio.org/post/its-over-kroenke-moving-rams-los-angeles\">St. Louis Public Radio\u003c/a> reports, \"The moving trucks lining up at Rams' Park will mark the second time since 1988 that an NFL squad departed from the Gateway City. It's unclear whether the city will get another chance at hosting that professional sport.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=St.+Louis+Fans%27+Ire%2C+And+Other+Reactions+To+The+Rams%27+Move+To+LA&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"slug": "aleutian-quake-zone-could-shoot-big-tsunamis-to-hawaii-california",
"title": "Aleutian Quake Zone Could Deliver Big Tsunamis to Hawaii, California",
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"content": "\u003cp>Two teams of geologists say portions of the seafloor along the Aleutian Islands in southwestern Alaska could produce tsunamis more devastating than anything seen in the past century. They say California and Hawaii are directly in the line of fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tsunamis — the giant waves generated by undersea earthquakes or landslides — have hit U.S. shorelines before. Often they start along the Aleutian island chain that curves in an arc across the North Pacific. Right underneath, there’s a trench where two pieces of the Earth’s crust are colliding. The edge of the Pacific Plate is shoving itself under the edge of the North American Plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Occasionally a segment of the trench along the plate margins gives way with ferocious results — a massive earthquake. These \u003ca href=\"http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/eoc/teachers/t_tectonics/p_subduction.html\">subduction\u003c/a> quakes are the type that produce a tsunami, as a giant section of the earth collapses. It’s like waving your hand underwater — the collapse creates a wave that can travel thousands of miles. In the past century, several such tsunamis have inundated parts of Hawaii, Alaska and California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geophysicist \u003ca href=\"http://energy.usgs.gov/GeochemistryGeophysics/SeismicDataProcessingInterpretation/SeismicStaff.aspx\">John Miller \u003c/a>and a team at the U.S. Geological Survey have been studying one particular segment that worries Miller. It’s quiet. Too quiet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/462708068/462821853\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stress isn’t being relieved by small seismic events,” Miller says, referring to small earthquakes. “It suggests that it’s building up a tremendous amount of tension.” If too much tension builds up, the segment will unzip along the plate margin or along faults in that margin, causing a quake. His research team’s \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GC006147/full\">analysis\u003c/a> was recently published online in the journal Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”cXyGFgMKxBj9oCGy2kRXqiqYlMlwNWNi”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller says this segment of the trench, called the Semidi, poses a special risk. A tsunami created by its rupture would travel outward at a 90-degree angle from the segment. “[A] perpendicular [line] to that section of the trench,” he says, “aims right at California.” He says that means a big quake could produce a tsunami that would score a direct hit on California’s coastline from San Francisco to Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past 100 years, other tsunamis have come from other parts of the Aleutians, he points out; since the trench is shaped in an arc, each segment of it “points” in a slightly different direction in terms of the waves created when it ruptures. Consequently, tsunamis emanating from that region of the seafloor in the recent past have mostly missed population centers, or struck only glancing blows. The Semidi, in contrast, points directly at Central California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Miller says a tsunami from the Semidi could be as big as the one that struck Japan in 2011.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Miller and his team have found evidence that the Semidi segment ruptures about once every 180 to 270 years. The last time it erupted was 1788.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That last great earthquake was 227 years ago; so there’s a possibility that we’re going to have another big one at any time,” Miller says, because we’re near the end of that recurrence interval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller says a tsunami from the Semidi could be as big as the one that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/04/07/135181474/in-japan-shaken-soil-turned-soft-after-quake\">struck Japan\u003c/a> in 2011. “I think the public just needs to be aware that tsunamis of this magnitude can occur, and they can cause a lot of damage,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coincidentally, another USGS team says there’s \u003cem>another\u003c/em> part of the Aleutian chain that poses what the scientists say is a “previously unrecognized” tsunami threat. Geologist \u003ca href=\"http://alaska.usgs.gov/staff/staffbio.php?employeeid=445\">Rob Witter\u003c/a>, out of Anchorage, Alaska, led that team. An underground rupture and resulting quake along certain parts of that trench, he says, would point a tsunami “straight toward Hawaii.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10830638\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10830638 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-1440x900.jpg\" alt=\"People run from an approaching tsunami in Hilo, Hawaii on April 1, 1946. The same tsunami hit Central California, and was generated by a fault rupture near the Aleutian Islands.\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-1440x900.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-400x250.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-800x500.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-768x480.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-1180x738.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-960x600.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People run from an approaching tsunami in Hilo, Hawaii, on April 1, 1946. The same tsunami hit Central California, and was generated by a fault rupture near the Aleutian Islands. \u003ccite>(USGS/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Witter says this segment of the trench hasn’t been considered a threat by most scientists because it’s “creeping” — the opposing edges along the trench there are actually moving, relative to each other, but very slowly. Theoretically, that should relieve the stress, making a quake unlikely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not so fast, says Witter. There’s now good evidence that this creeping segment has in fact caused quakes as well as tsunamis in the past. His team has found evidence of at least six such events over the past 1,700 years that probably started with ruptures in this Fox Island section.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The evidence includes sheets of sand and debris that were pushed up onto hills on another Alaskan island as the big waves moved in. One of those tsunamis was so big it pushed huge logs and other debris about 50 feet above sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Witter notes that Hawaii and California have warning systems that would alert people of a tsunami’s arrival at least four hours ahead of time. But residents have to pay attention to those warnings, if they’re to work, he says. “I think the take-home message here is, be aware and practice your evacuation plan. A tsunami along the coastlines could happen. It could happen tomorrow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Witter’s \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL066083/abstract\">research\u003c/a> was published online this month in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. He says he is not surprised that the peculiarities of these segments are just now coming to light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hardly anything is known about the long-term history of earthquakes and tsunamis in the Aleutian chain over the last several thousand years,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s an urgent need, he says, to do more surveys of the seafloor in the area to understand what’s going on there, and what’s likely to happen in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Two teams of geologists say portions of the seafloor along the Aleutian Islands in southwestern Alaska could produce tsunamis more devastating than anything seen in the past century. They say California and Hawaii are directly in the line of fire.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tsunamis — the giant waves generated by undersea earthquakes or landslides — have hit U.S. shorelines before. Often they start along the Aleutian island chain that curves in an arc across the North Pacific. Right underneath, there’s a trench where two pieces of the Earth’s crust are colliding. The edge of the Pacific Plate is shoving itself under the edge of the North American Plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Occasionally a segment of the trench along the plate margins gives way with ferocious results — a massive earthquake. These \u003ca href=\"http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/eoc/teachers/t_tectonics/p_subduction.html\">subduction\u003c/a> quakes are the type that produce a tsunami, as a giant section of the earth collapses. It’s like waving your hand underwater — the collapse creates a wave that can travel thousands of miles. In the past century, several such tsunamis have inundated parts of Hawaii, Alaska and California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Geophysicist \u003ca href=\"http://energy.usgs.gov/GeochemistryGeophysics/SeismicDataProcessingInterpretation/SeismicStaff.aspx\">John Miller \u003c/a>and a team at the U.S. Geological Survey have been studying one particular segment that worries Miller. It’s quiet. Too quiet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/462708068/462821853\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“The stress isn’t being relieved by small seismic events,” Miller says, referring to small earthquakes. “It suggests that it’s building up a tremendous amount of tension.” If too much tension builds up, the segment will unzip along the plate margin or along faults in that margin, causing a quake. His research team’s \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GC006147/full\">analysis\u003c/a> was recently published online in the journal Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller says this segment of the trench, called the Semidi, poses a special risk. A tsunami created by its rupture would travel outward at a 90-degree angle from the segment. “[A] perpendicular [line] to that section of the trench,” he says, “aims right at California.” He says that means a big quake could produce a tsunami that would score a direct hit on California’s coastline from San Francisco to Los Angeles.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past 100 years, other tsunamis have come from other parts of the Aleutians, he points out; since the trench is shaped in an arc, each segment of it “points” in a slightly different direction in terms of the waves created when it ruptures. Consequently, tsunamis emanating from that region of the seafloor in the recent past have mostly missed population centers, or struck only glancing blows. The Semidi, in contrast, points directly at Central California.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignleft\">Miller says a tsunami from the Semidi could be as big as the one that struck Japan in 2011.\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Miller and his team have found evidence that the Semidi segment ruptures about once every 180 to 270 years. The last time it erupted was 1788.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“That last great earthquake was 227 years ago; so there’s a possibility that we’re going to have another big one at any time,” Miller says, because we’re near the end of that recurrence interval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Miller says a tsunami from the Semidi could be as big as the one that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2011/04/07/135181474/in-japan-shaken-soil-turned-soft-after-quake\">struck Japan\u003c/a> in 2011. “I think the public just needs to be aware that tsunamis of this magnitude can occur, and they can cause a lot of damage,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Coincidentally, another USGS team says there’s \u003cem>another\u003c/em> part of the Aleutian chain that poses what the scientists say is a “previously unrecognized” tsunami threat. Geologist \u003ca href=\"http://alaska.usgs.gov/staff/staffbio.php?employeeid=445\">Rob Witter\u003c/a>, out of Anchorage, Alaska, led that team. An underground rupture and resulting quake along certain parts of that trench, he says, would point a tsunami “straight toward Hawaii.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10830638\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 640px\">\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-10830638 size-large\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-1440x900.jpg\" alt=\"People run from an approaching tsunami in Hilo, Hawaii on April 1, 1946. The same tsunami hit Central California, and was generated by a fault rupture near the Aleutian Islands.\" width=\"640\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-1440x900.jpg 1440w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-400x250.jpg 400w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-800x500.jpg 800w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-768x480.jpg 768w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946.jpg 1920w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-1180x738.jpg 1180w, https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/01/HiloTsunami1946-960x600.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">People run from an approaching tsunami in Hilo, Hawaii, on April 1, 1946. The same tsunami hit Central California, and was generated by a fault rupture near the Aleutian Islands. \u003ccite>(USGS/Wikimedia Commons)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Witter says this segment of the trench hasn’t been considered a threat by most scientists because it’s “creeping” — the opposing edges along the trench there are actually moving, relative to each other, but very slowly. Theoretically, that should relieve the stress, making a quake unlikely.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But not so fast, says Witter. There’s now good evidence that this creeping segment has in fact caused quakes as well as tsunamis in the past. His team has found evidence of at least six such events over the past 1,700 years that probably started with ruptures in this Fox Island section.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The evidence includes sheets of sand and debris that were pushed up onto hills on another Alaskan island as the big waves moved in. One of those tsunamis was so big it pushed huge logs and other debris about 50 feet above sea level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Witter notes that Hawaii and California have warning systems that would alert people of a tsunami’s arrival at least four hours ahead of time. But residents have to pay attention to those warnings, if they’re to work, he says. “I think the take-home message here is, be aware and practice your evacuation plan. A tsunami along the coastlines could happen. It could happen tomorrow.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Witter’s \u003ca href=\"http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015GL066083/abstract\">research\u003c/a> was published online this month in the journal Geophysical Research Letters. He says he is not surprised that the peculiarities of these segments are just now coming to light.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Hardly anything is known about the long-term history of earthquakes and tsunamis in the Aleutian chain over the last several thousand years,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There’s an urgent need, he says, to do more surveys of the seafloor in the area to understand what’s going on there, and what’s likely to happen in the future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has rejected Volkswagen's plan to recall cars with 2-liter diesel engines that trick emissions tests, saying the company's plan is incomplete. The Environmental Protection Agency says it concurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes one week after the EPA \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/04/461927119/u-s-files-lawsuit-against-volkswagen-over-emissions-trickery\">filed a civil complaint against VW\u003c/a> in federal court over the carmaker's use of a defeat device to mislead customers and fool inspectors into thinking the vehicles complied with U.S. rules — when in fact the vehicles were putting out up to 40 times more pollution than is allowed under federal standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA says Volkswagen is responsible for nearly 600,000 diesel-powered vehicles that are now producing harmful air pollution in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Volkswagen made a decision to cheat on emissions tests and then tried to cover it up,\" says CARB chair Mary D. Nichols, announcing her agency's rejection of VW's plan Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"IlSoSKn2IZf0cVQ75rnbT1iXUDfqkufU\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They continued and compounded the lie, and when they were caught they tried to deny it. The result is thousands of tons of nitrogen oxide that have harmed the health of Californians. They need to make it right. Today's action is a step in the direction of assuring that will happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those remarks echo ones from EPA assistant administrator Cynthia Giles, who said last week that the legal action would set the agency and Volkswagen \"on a path to resolution.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to NPR's John Ydstie, California regulators say VW's recall plan fell short in several areas:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The proposed plans contain gaps and lack sufficient detail;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The descriptions of proposed repairs lack enough information for a technical evaluation;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposals do not adequately address overall impacts on vehicle performance, emissions and safety.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board says it has been conducting its own investigation into the vehicles' diesel emissions, in parallel with a federal inquiry. Together, the agencies confronted Volkswagen in September with data that showed VW was using software to circumvent emissions standards. In November, Volkswagen acknowledged that the problems also exist in its 3-liter diesel engines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rejection by CARB and the EPA comes two days after Volkswagen CEO Matthias Mueller said of his company's reaction to the EPA's findings, \"We didn't lie.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had the wrong reaction when we got information year by year from the EPA and from the [California Air Resources Board],\" Mueller said \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/11/462682378/we-didnt-lie-volkswagen-ceo-says-of-emissions-scandal\">in an interview with NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He later added, \"We have to apologize for that, and we'll do our utmost to do things right for the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board (CARB) has rejected Volkswagen's plan to recall cars with 2-liter diesel engines that trick emissions tests, saying the company's plan is incomplete. The Environmental Protection Agency says it concurs.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The move comes one week after the EPA \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/04/461927119/u-s-files-lawsuit-against-volkswagen-over-emissions-trickery\">filed a civil complaint against VW\u003c/a> in federal court over the carmaker's use of a defeat device to mislead customers and fool inspectors into thinking the vehicles complied with U.S. rules — when in fact the vehicles were putting out up to 40 times more pollution than is allowed under federal standards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The EPA says Volkswagen is responsible for nearly 600,000 diesel-powered vehicles that are now producing harmful air pollution in the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Volkswagen made a decision to cheat on emissions tests and then tried to cover it up,\" says CARB chair Mary D. Nichols, announcing her agency's rejection of VW's plan Tuesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They continued and compounded the lie, and when they were caught they tried to deny it. The result is thousands of tons of nitrogen oxide that have harmed the health of Californians. They need to make it right. Today's action is a step in the direction of assuring that will happen.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Those remarks echo ones from EPA assistant administrator Cynthia Giles, who said last week that the legal action would set the agency and Volkswagen \"on a path to resolution.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to NPR's John Ydstie, California regulators say VW's recall plan fell short in several areas:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The proposed plans contain gaps and lack sufficient detail;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The descriptions of proposed repairs lack enough information for a technical evaluation;\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The proposals do not adequately address overall impacts on vehicle performance, emissions and safety.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The California Air Resources Board says it has been conducting its own investigation into the vehicles' diesel emissions, in parallel with a federal inquiry. Together, the agencies confronted Volkswagen in September with data that showed VW was using software to circumvent emissions standards. In November, Volkswagen acknowledged that the problems also exist in its 3-liter diesel engines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The rejection by CARB and the EPA comes two days after Volkswagen CEO Matthias Mueller said of his company's reaction to the EPA's findings, \"We didn't lie.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had the wrong reaction when we got information year by year from the EPA and from the [California Air Resources Board],\" Mueller said \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/11/462682378/we-didnt-lie-volkswagen-ceo-says-of-emissions-scandal\">in an interview with NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He later added, \"We have to apologize for that, and we'll do our utmost to do things right for the future.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Chipotle Faces Criminal Investigation Into Its Handling of Norovirus Outbreak",
"title": "Chipotle Faces Criminal Investigation Into Its Handling of Norovirus Outbreak",
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"content": "\u003cp>Already reeling from a series of food-borne-illness outbreaks, Chipotle Mexican Grill now faces a federal criminal investigation as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says it has received a subpoena from a federal grand jury in connection with a norovirus outbreak last fall at one of its California restaurants in Simi Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, 189 customers were sickened after visiting the restaurant, as well as 18 Chipotle employees, according to Doug Beach, manager of the Community Services Program at the Ventura County Environmental Health Department, in an interview with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant was briefly closed by the company and then reopened after it had been \"washed down,\" Beach said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/\" target=\"_blank\">Norovirus\u003c/a> is a very common illness that causes stomach cramps, diarrhea and vomiting and is spread by casual contact or by eating contaminated food, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The subpoena was disclosed in \u003ca href=\"http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1058090/000105809016000049/cmg-20160106x8k.htm\" target=\"_blank\">a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission\u003c/a>. It said the company has been required to produce \"a broad range of documents\" in connection with the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials were also questioned in October by U.S. authorities, who asked \"very general questions about the case,\" Beach said. He said he was not aware of any activities by Chipotle that might have led to a criminal investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"VtyDRl6pRb04W16N11NcKBgJvqGijQtJ\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiptole said it is cooperating fully with the investigation, which has been jointly carried out by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Central District of California and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Office of Criminal Investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The significance of the subpoena is hard to gauge at this point, said Daniel C. Richman, professor of law at Columbia University:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It's never good news for a company when federal prosecutors open a grand jury investigation into its operations, but it's far too early to tell how sustained that interest will be here and what, if any, criminal violations will come to light.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>One of the most successful restaurant chains in the country, Chipotle has seen its revenue and stock price plunge in recent months. The company revealed today that its \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/BT-CO-20160106-706041\" target=\"_blank\">same-store sales fell\u003c/a> 14.6 percent during the fourth quarter of 2015, a bigger drop than anticipated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decline followed a series of outbreaks of food illness that have sickened hundreds of people. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/05/461925691/after-chipotle-outbreaks-will-food-with-integrity-still-resonate\" target=\"_blank\">As NPR's The Salt blog previously reported\u003c/a>, these included two separate outbreaks of \u003cem>E.coli\u003c/em> in the past several months:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The larger one sickened 52 people in October, mostly in Washington and Oregon, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/2015/O26-11-15/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>. A separate outbreak in November sickened five people in Kansas, North Dakota and Oklahoma, the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In December, scores of students at Boston College \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/2015/12/10/chipotle-sickness-practices\" target=\"_blank\">fell ill\u003c/a> after eating at a nearby Chipotle, an outbreak the company said was due to a norovirus, which causes vomiting, nausea and diarrhea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And in August, a salmonella outbreak in Minnesota sickened 64 people who had eaten at Chipotle. The state's Department of Health later linked the illness to \u003ca href=\"http://www.health.state.mn.us/news/pressrel/2015/salmonella091615.html\" target=\"_blank\">tomatoes served at the chain\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Chipotle \u003ca href=\"http://chipotle.com/founderletter\" target=\"_blank\">has apologized\u003c/a> to its customers and closed restaurants where the illnesses occurred. It has also promised extensive changes to its food-handling procedures and enhanced training of its employees in food safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Already reeling from a series of food-borne-illness outbreaks, Chipotle Mexican Grill now faces a federal criminal investigation as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company says it has received a subpoena from a federal grand jury in connection with a norovirus outbreak last fall at one of its California restaurants in Simi Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In August, 189 customers were sickened after visiting the restaurant, as well as 18 Chipotle employees, according to Doug Beach, manager of the Community Services Program at the Ventura County Environmental Health Department, in an interview with NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The restaurant was briefly closed by the company and then reopened after it had been \"washed down,\" Beach said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/norovirus/\" target=\"_blank\">Norovirus\u003c/a> is a very common illness that causes stomach cramps, diarrhea and vomiting and is spread by casual contact or by eating contaminated food, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The subpoena was disclosed in \u003ca href=\"http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1058090/000105809016000049/cmg-20160106x8k.htm\" target=\"_blank\">a filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission\u003c/a>. It said the company has been required to produce \"a broad range of documents\" in connection with the outbreak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>County officials were also questioned in October by U.S. authorities, who asked \"very general questions about the case,\" Beach said. He said he was not aware of any activities by Chipotle that might have led to a criminal investigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Chiptole said it is cooperating fully with the investigation, which has been jointly carried out by the U.S. Attorney's Office for the Central District of California and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Office of Criminal Investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The significance of the subpoena is hard to gauge at this point, said Daniel C. Richman, professor of law at Columbia University:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"It's never good news for a company when federal prosecutors open a grand jury investigation into its operations, but it's far too early to tell how sustained that interest will be here and what, if any, criminal violations will come to light.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>One of the most successful restaurant chains in the country, Chipotle has seen its revenue and stock price plunge in recent months. The company revealed today that its \u003ca href=\"http://www.wsj.com/articles/BT-CO-20160106-706041\" target=\"_blank\">same-store sales fell\u003c/a> 14.6 percent during the fourth quarter of 2015, a bigger drop than anticipated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The decline followed a series of outbreaks of food illness that have sickened hundreds of people. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2016/01/05/461925691/after-chipotle-outbreaks-will-food-with-integrity-still-resonate\" target=\"_blank\">As NPR's The Salt blog previously reported\u003c/a>, these included two separate outbreaks of \u003cem>E.coli\u003c/em> in the past several months:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The larger one sickened 52 people in October, mostly in Washington and Oregon, according to \u003ca href=\"http://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/2015/O26-11-15/index.html\" target=\"_blank\">the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention\u003c/a>. A separate outbreak in November sickened five people in Kansas, North Dakota and Oklahoma, the agency said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In December, scores of students at Boston College \u003ca href=\"http://www.wbur.org/2015/12/10/chipotle-sickness-practices\" target=\"_blank\">fell ill\u003c/a> after eating at a nearby Chipotle, an outbreak the company said was due to a norovirus, which causes vomiting, nausea and diarrhea.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And in August, a salmonella outbreak in Minnesota sickened 64 people who had eaten at Chipotle. The state's Department of Health later linked the illness to \u003ca href=\"http://www.health.state.mn.us/news/pressrel/2015/salmonella091615.html\" target=\"_blank\">tomatoes served at the chain\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Chipotle \u003ca href=\"http://chipotle.com/founderletter\" target=\"_blank\">has apologized\u003c/a> to its customers and closed restaurants where the illnesses occurred. It has also promised extensive changes to its food-handling procedures and enhanced training of its employees in food safety.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Of Ranchers and Rancor: The Roots of the Armed Occupation in Oregon",
"title": "Of Ranchers and Rancor: The Roots of the Armed Occupation in Oregon",
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"content": "\u003cp>A self-styled militia in eastern Oregon grabbed national headlines Saturday when members \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/03/461818657/militia-takes-over-federal-building-following-protest-in-oregon\">broke into the headquarters\u003c/a> of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. There the armed group remained on Sunday, occupying the federal building in protest of what it sees as government overreach on rangelands throughout the western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"XcIaAmFxDkwflyDRsRypGh8WuShMTkJe\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We stand in defense,\" Ammon Bundy, the group's apparent leader and spokesman, \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militia-oregon-wildlife-refuge-burns-bundy-hammond/\">told Oregon Public Broadcasting\u003c/a>. \"And when the time is right, we will begin to defend the people of Harney County, [Oregon], in using the land and the resources.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ammon's brother, Ryan, has reportedly used harsher rhetoric, saying members of the militia are willing to kill or be killed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/IanKullgren/status/683524884484390912\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their last name may ring a bell. Ammon and Ryan Bundy are sons of rancher Cliven Bundy, who notably \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/14/399397139/year-after-denying-federal-control-bundy-still-runs-his-bit-of-nevada\">took part in an armed standoff\u003c/a> with the federal Bureau of Land Management, or BLM, in Nevada in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ammon Bundy now is part of a group of 15 to 150 people — \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militiamen-break-into-malheur-national-wildlife-refuge-building/\">depending on which source you believe\u003c/a> — who are protesting the arson convictions of two Oregon ranchers, Dwight Hammond Jr. and his son, Steven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003cem>why \u003c/em>exactly are a Nevada rancher's son and his supporters taking up the cause of two guys from Oregon? What is the source of the continued friction between many ranchers and the federal government? What does a 20-year-old terrorist attack in Oklahoma City have to do with all of it?\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Background\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The situation began, in some ways, in the decades following the Civil War. The 1862 Homestead Act granted 160 acres of land to the people willing to settle it. Ranchers in some regions needed far more land than that to be profitable. They eventually began to pay grazing fees for the right to lease federal land — if they agreed to federal oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/461831737/461841372\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you are using somebody else's land for your livelihood, that puts you in a very dependent relationship,\" Paul Starrs, a geography professor at the University of Nevada, Reno, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/04/30/307960343/ranchers-conflict-with-grazing-fees-began-decades-ago\">told NPR's Ted Robbins\u003c/a> in 2014. \"And livestock ranchers are, in my experience, pretty savvy people. And they don't like that uncertainty. Nobody really likes uncertainty.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some ranchers have strongly objected to the government's management of federal lands, especially over issues of water or environmental conservation, and to the terms of their leases. Cliven Bundy, for his part, grazed his cattle on federal lands and refused to pay grazing fees. The government \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/14/399397139/year-after-denying-federal-control-bundy-still-runs-his-bit-of-nevada\">still hasn't collected the more than $1 million he owes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tension is heightened by how much land the federal government continues to own in the Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"YYiqiugnaq6ydNcKqZyfXmTKNTC5Vm8y\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf\">the Congressional Research Service\u003c/a>, in Nevada the U.S. owned more than 81 percent of the land in the state in 2010. In Oregon, that number hovered right around half — 53 percent of the land, more than 30 million acres of which were administered by either the BLM or the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact is, it's a paradox being a rugged individualist dependent on the government — unless you're John Wayne,\" Robbins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a paradox that Dwight and Steven Hammond chafed at for decades — and one that drew them off the ranch and into the courtroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Hammonds\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The animus harbored by the two Hammond men for federal land agencies dates back decades. Both reportedly were arrested for obstructing federal officials in 1994 — in protest of which \"nearly 500 incensed ranchers showed up at a rally in Burns,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.hcn.org/issues/20/582\">according to High Country News\u003c/a>. But even before that, the Hammonds bristled at the authority of managers of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Dwight] Hammond allegedly made death threats against previous managers in 1986 and 1988 and against [Forrest] Cameron, the current manager, in 1991 and again this year,\" High Country News reported in 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seeds of the current situation were sown in 2001 and 2006. In both those years, the U.S. government said the Hammonds set fires that spread onto land managed by the BLM. The 2001 blaze burned 139 acres of public land, according to court documents; the 2006 fire — for which only Steven was convicted — burned an additional acre of public land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arson convictions for both father and son were handed down in 2012. Much of the dispute in the years afterward — including, eventually, this weekend's armed occupation — revolves around the sentencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-104publ132/html/PLAW-104publ132.htm\">Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996\u003c/a>, which increased the penalties for arson committed against federal property, the mandatory minimum punishment for such crimes was upped to five years in federal prison. The law, which was passed in the wake of the Oklahoma City bombing, struck the judge presiding over the sentencing as too harsh — and off-base in this instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just would not be — would not meet any idea I have of justice, proportionality,\" U.S. District Judge Michael R. Hogan \u003ca href=\"http://landrights.org/or/Hammond/Transcript%20of%20Judges%20ruling.pdf\">said at the sentencing\u003c/a>. \"I am not supposed to use the word 'fairness' in criminal law. I know that I had a criminal law professor a long time ago yell at me for doing that. And I don't do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But this — it would be a sentence which would shock the conscience to me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Hogan sentenced Dwight Hammond Jr. to three months of prison, and Steven Hammond to a year and one day. The federal government wanted the full five years, appealing the shorter sentences and eventually \u003ca href=\"http://www.landrights.org/or/Hammond/Hammonds%20Appeal%209th%20district%20court.pdf\">winning that appeal\u003c/a> in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even a fire in a remote area has the potential to spread to more populated areas, threaten local property and residents, or endanger the firefighters called to battle the blaze,\" District Judge Stephen J. Murphy wrote in the appellate court's opinion. \"Given the seriousness of arson, a five-year sentence is not grossly disproportionate to the offense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original sentences were remanded, and the Hammonds were sentenced to five years in prison. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ff-militia-oregon-20160103-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Hammonds surrendered\u003c/a> to prison authorities on Monday in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's Next?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Whatever their continued friction with federal officials, the Hammonds have not publicly condoned the self-styled militia members who claim to be interceding on their behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Hammonds' attorney has previously stated the militiamen showing up in Burns do not represent the ranchers,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/burns-oregon-standoff-militia/\">Oregon Public Broadcasting reports\u003c/a>, noting that many locals in Burns have also received the out-of-towners warily — with several \"Militia Go Home\" fliers posted throughout the town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://twitter.com/amandapeacher/status/683741037207007232\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even Cliven Bundy, Ammon's father, expressed his hesitation over the protests. \"I don't quite understand how much they're going to accomplish,\" Bundy told OPB. \"I think of it this way: What business does the Bundy family have in Harney County, Oregon?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, that has not dissuaded Ammon Bundy or the group with which he's holed up in the Malheur refuge headquarters. At a press conference there, Bundy said his plan may take \"several months at the shortest to accomplish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Sunday, law enforcement \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militia-oregon-wildlife-refuge-burns-bundy-hammond/\">had not attempted\u003c/a> to remove the armed group from the federal building, OPB reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A self-styled militia in eastern Oregon grabbed national headlines Saturday when members \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/01/03/461818657/militia-takes-over-federal-building-following-protest-in-oregon\">broke into the headquarters\u003c/a> of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge. There the armed group remained on Sunday, occupying the federal building in protest of what it sees as government overreach on rangelands throughout the western United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We stand in defense,\" Ammon Bundy, the group's apparent leader and spokesman, \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militia-oregon-wildlife-refuge-burns-bundy-hammond/\">told Oregon Public Broadcasting\u003c/a>. \"And when the time is right, we will begin to defend the people of Harney County, [Oregon], in using the land and the resources.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ammon's brother, Ryan, has reportedly used harsher rhetoric, saying members of the militia are willing to kill or be killed.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Their last name may ring a bell. Ammon and Ryan Bundy are sons of rancher Cliven Bundy, who notably \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/14/399397139/year-after-denying-federal-control-bundy-still-runs-his-bit-of-nevada\">took part in an armed standoff\u003c/a> with the federal Bureau of Land Management, or BLM, in Nevada in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ammon Bundy now is part of a group of 15 to 150 people — \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militiamen-break-into-malheur-national-wildlife-refuge-building/\">depending on which source you believe\u003c/a> — who are protesting the arson convictions of two Oregon ranchers, Dwight Hammond Jr. and his son, Steven.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003cem>why \u003c/em>exactly are a Nevada rancher's son and his supporters taking up the cause of two guys from Oregon? What is the source of the continued friction between many ranchers and the federal government? What does a 20-year-old terrorist attack in Oklahoma City have to do with all of it?\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003ch3>The Background\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The situation began, in some ways, in the decades following the Civil War. The 1862 Homestead Act granted 160 acres of land to the people willing to settle it. Ranchers in some regions needed far more land than that to be profitable. They eventually began to pay grazing fees for the right to lease federal land — if they agreed to federal oversight.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/461831737/461841372\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you are using somebody else's land for your livelihood, that puts you in a very dependent relationship,\" Paul Starrs, a geography professor at the University of Nevada, Reno, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/04/30/307960343/ranchers-conflict-with-grazing-fees-began-decades-ago\">told NPR's Ted Robbins\u003c/a> in 2014. \"And livestock ranchers are, in my experience, pretty savvy people. And they don't like that uncertainty. Nobody really likes uncertainty.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some ranchers have strongly objected to the government's management of federal lands, especially over issues of water or environmental conservation, and to the terms of their leases. Cliven Bundy, for his part, grazed his cattle on federal lands and refused to pay grazing fees. The government \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/04/14/399397139/year-after-denying-federal-control-bundy-still-runs-his-bit-of-nevada\">still hasn't collected the more than $1 million he owes\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The tension is heightened by how much land the federal government continues to own in the Western states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to \u003ca href=\"https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R42346.pdf\">the Congressional Research Service\u003c/a>, in Nevada the U.S. owned more than 81 percent of the land in the state in 2010. In Oregon, that number hovered right around half — 53 percent of the land, more than 30 million acres of which were administered by either the BLM or the U.S. Forest Service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The fact is, it's a paradox being a rugged individualist dependent on the government — unless you're John Wayne,\" Robbins says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a paradox that Dwight and Steven Hammond chafed at for decades — and one that drew them off the ranch and into the courtroom.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>The Hammonds\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>The animus harbored by the two Hammond men for federal land agencies dates back decades. Both reportedly were arrested for obstructing federal officials in 1994 — in protest of which \"nearly 500 incensed ranchers showed up at a rally in Burns,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.hcn.org/issues/20/582\">according to High Country News\u003c/a>. But even before that, the Hammonds bristled at the authority of managers of the Malheur National Wildlife Refuge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"[Dwight] Hammond allegedly made death threats against previous managers in 1986 and 1988 and against [Forrest] Cameron, the current manager, in 1991 and again this year,\" High Country News reported in 1994.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The seeds of the current situation were sown in 2001 and 2006. In both those years, the U.S. government said the Hammonds set fires that spread onto land managed by the BLM. The 2001 blaze burned 139 acres of public land, according to court documents; the 2006 fire — for which only Steven was convicted — burned an additional acre of public land.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Arson convictions for both father and son were handed down in 2012. Much of the dispute in the years afterward — including, eventually, this weekend's armed occupation — revolves around the sentencing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Under the \u003ca href=\"https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-104publ132/html/PLAW-104publ132.htm\">Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996\u003c/a>, which increased the penalties for arson committed against federal property, the mandatory minimum punishment for such crimes was upped to five years in federal prison. The law, which was passed in the wake of the Oklahoma City bombing, struck the judge presiding over the sentencing as too harsh — and off-base in this instance.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just would not be — would not meet any idea I have of justice, proportionality,\" U.S. District Judge Michael R. Hogan \u003ca href=\"http://landrights.org/or/Hammond/Transcript%20of%20Judges%20ruling.pdf\">said at the sentencing\u003c/a>. \"I am not supposed to use the word 'fairness' in criminal law. I know that I had a criminal law professor a long time ago yell at me for doing that. And I don't do that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But this — it would be a sentence which would shock the conscience to me.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the time, Hogan sentenced Dwight Hammond Jr. to three months of prison, and Steven Hammond to a year and one day. The federal government wanted the full five years, appealing the shorter sentences and eventually \u003ca href=\"http://www.landrights.org/or/Hammond/Hammonds%20Appeal%209th%20district%20court.pdf\">winning that appeal\u003c/a> in 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even a fire in a remote area has the potential to spread to more populated areas, threaten local property and residents, or endanger the firefighters called to battle the blaze,\" District Judge Stephen J. Murphy wrote in the appellate court's opinion. \"Given the seriousness of arson, a five-year sentence is not grossly disproportionate to the offense.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The original sentences were remanded, and the Hammonds were sentenced to five years in prison. The \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/nation/la-na-ff-militia-oregon-20160103-story.html\" target=\"_blank\">Hammonds surrendered\u003c/a> to prison authorities on Monday in Southern California.\u003c/p>\n\u003ch3>What's Next?\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>Whatever their continued friction with federal officials, the Hammonds have not publicly condoned the self-styled militia members who claim to be interceding on their behalf.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The Hammonds' attorney has previously stated the militiamen showing up in Burns do not represent the ranchers,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/burns-oregon-standoff-militia/\">Oregon Public Broadcasting reports\u003c/a>, noting that many locals in Burns have also received the out-of-towners warily — with several \"Militia Go Home\" fliers posted throughout the town.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\n\u003cp>Even Cliven Bundy, Ammon's father, expressed his hesitation over the protests. \"I don't quite understand how much they're going to accomplish,\" Bundy told OPB. \"I think of it this way: What business does the Bundy family have in Harney County, Oregon?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, that has not dissuaded Ammon Bundy or the group with which he's holed up in the Malheur refuge headquarters. At a press conference there, Bundy said his plan may take \"several months at the shortest to accomplish.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of Sunday, law enforcement \u003ca href=\"http://www.opb.org/news/article/militia-oregon-wildlife-refuge-burns-bundy-hammond/\">had not attempted\u003c/a> to remove the armed group from the federal building, OPB reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>For anyone paying attention, it’s no secret there’s a lot of weird stuff going on in the oceans right now. We’ve got a monster El Niño looming in the Pacific. Ocean acidification is\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/02/23/388480482/acidifying-waters-are-endangering-your-oysters-and-mussels\"> prompting handwringing\u003c/a> among oyster lovers. Migrating fish populations have\u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2015/03/13/iceland_abandons_eu_bid_it_s_all_about_the_mackerel.html\"> caused tensions\u003c/a> between countries over fishing rights. And fishermen say they’re seeing\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/06/11/412943456/why-is-this-fisherman-selling-threatened-bluefin-tuna-for-2-99-a-pound\"> unusual patterns\u003c/a> in fish stocks they haven’t seen before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers now have more grim news to add to the mix. An analysis published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences finds that the ability of fish populations to reproduce and replenish themselves is declining across the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This, as far as we know, is the first global-scale study that documents the actual productivity of fish stocks is in decline,” says lead author \u003ca href=\"http://www.gregorybritten.info/home\">Gregory L. Britten\u003c/a>, a doctoral student at the University of California, Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”FbaoWt4fOAdO85j6vNcaokDJsbThjK90″]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Britten and some fellow researchers looked at data from a global database of 262 commercial fish stocks in dozens of large marine ecosystems across the globe. They say they’ve identified a pattern of decline in juvenile fish (young fish that have not yet reached reproductive age) that is closely tied to a decline in the amount of phytoplankton, or microalgae, in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think it is a lack of food availability for these small fish,” says Britten. “When fish are young, their primary food is phytoplankton and microscopic animals. If they don’t find food in a matter of days, they can die.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worst news comes from the North Atlantic, where the vast majority of species, including Atlantic cod, European and American plaice, and sole are declining. In this case, Britten says historically heavy fishing may also play a role. Large fish, able to produce the biggest, most robust eggs, are harvested from the water. At the same time, documented declines of phytoplankton made it much more difficult for those fish stocks to bounce back when they did reproduce,\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/30/science/cods-continuing-decline-traced-to-warming-gulf-of-maine-waters.html?_r=0\"> despite aggressive fishery management efforts\u003c/a>, says Britten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the researchers looked at plankton and fish reproduction declines in individual ecosystems, the results varied. In the North Pacific — for example, the Gulf of Alaska — there were no significant declines. But in other regions of the world, like Australia and South America, it was clear that the lack of phytoplankton was the strongest driver in diminishing fish populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you averaged globally, there was a decline,” says Britten. “Decline in phytoplankton was a factor in all species. It was a consistent variable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s directly linked to climate change: Change in ocean temperature affects the phytoplankton population, which is impacting fish stocks, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/map-fisheries-20151214/child.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"700\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food sources for fish in their larval stage were also a focus of\u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/112/30/E4065.full.pdf\"> research\u003c/a> published earlier this summer by \u003ca href=\"https://www.princeton.edu/aos/people/research_staff/asch/index.xml\">Rebecca Asch\u003c/a>, now a postdoctoral research associate at Princeton University. Asch studied data from 1951 to 2008 on 43 species of fish collected off the Southern California coast and found that many fish have changed the season when they spawn. When fish spawned too early or too late in the season, there can be less plankton available to them, shrinking their chance of survival. She calls it a “mismatch” between when the fish spawn and when seasonal plankton blooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing just how vulnerable our fisheries are to potential climate change is on the radar of NOAA Fisheries. The agency has put together a \u003ca href=\"http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/Assets/ecosystems/climate/documents/Fish_Stock_Climate_Vulnerability_Assessment.pdf\">Fish Stock Climate Vulnerability Assessment\u003c/a> report expected to be released in early 2016. And like many things associated with climate change, there will be winners and losers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jon Hare is the oceanography branch chief for NOAA Fisheries’ Northeast Fisheries Science Center and a lead researcher on the agency’s assessment. He says they looked at 82 fish and invertebrate species in the Northeast. About half of the species, including Atlantic cod, were determined to be negatively impacted by climate change in the Northeast U.S. Approximately 20 percent of the species are likely to be positively impacted — like the Atlantic croaker. The remainder species were considered neutral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar assessments are underway in the California Current and the Bering Sea, and eventually in all of the nation’s large marine ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is where the idea of ecosystem-based management comes in. It’s not only fishing that is impacting these resources,” says Hare. “We need to take a more holistic view of these resources and include that in our management.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Britten says the fact that productivity of a fishery can change should be an eye-opener for fisheries management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s no longer just pull back on fishing and watch the stock rebound. It’s also a question of monitoring and understanding the ability of stocks to rebound, and that’s what we demonstrated in this study. The rebound potential is affected as well,” says Britten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For anyone paying attention, it’s no secret there’s a lot of weird stuff going on in the oceans right now. We’ve got a monster El Niño looming in the Pacific. Ocean acidification is\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/02/23/388480482/acidifying-waters-are-endangering-your-oysters-and-mussels\"> prompting handwringing\u003c/a> among oyster lovers. Migrating fish populations have\u003ca href=\"http://www.slate.com/blogs/moneybox/2015/03/13/iceland_abandons_eu_bid_it_s_all_about_the_mackerel.html\"> caused tensions\u003c/a> between countries over fishing rights. And fishermen say they’re seeing\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thesalt/2015/06/11/412943456/why-is-this-fisherman-selling-threatened-bluefin-tuna-for-2-99-a-pound\"> unusual patterns\u003c/a> in fish stocks they haven’t seen before.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Researchers now have more grim news to add to the mix. An analysis published Monday in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences finds that the ability of fish populations to reproduce and replenish themselves is declining across the globe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This, as far as we know, is the first global-scale study that documents the actual productivity of fish stocks is in decline,” says lead author \u003ca href=\"http://www.gregorybritten.info/home\">Gregory L. Britten\u003c/a>, a doctoral student at the University of California, Irvine.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Britten and some fellow researchers looked at data from a global database of 262 commercial fish stocks in dozens of large marine ecosystems across the globe. They say they’ve identified a pattern of decline in juvenile fish (young fish that have not yet reached reproductive age) that is closely tied to a decline in the amount of phytoplankton, or microalgae, in the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We think it is a lack of food availability for these small fish,” says Britten. “When fish are young, their primary food is phytoplankton and microscopic animals. If they don’t find food in a matter of days, they can die.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The worst news comes from the North Atlantic, where the vast majority of species, including Atlantic cod, European and American plaice, and sole are declining. In this case, Britten says historically heavy fishing may also play a role. Large fish, able to produce the biggest, most robust eggs, are harvested from the water. At the same time, documented declines of phytoplankton made it much more difficult for those fish stocks to bounce back when they did reproduce,\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/30/science/cods-continuing-decline-traced-to-warming-gulf-of-maine-waters.html?_r=0\"> despite aggressive fishery management efforts\u003c/a>, says Britten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the researchers looked at plankton and fish reproduction declines in individual ecosystems, the results varied. In the North Pacific — for example, the Gulf of Alaska — there were no significant declines. But in other regions of the world, like Australia and South America, it was clear that the lack of phytoplankton was the strongest driver in diminishing fish populations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you averaged globally, there was a decline,” says Britten. “Decline in phytoplankton was a factor in all species. It was a consistent variable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And it’s directly linked to climate change: Change in ocean temperature affects the phytoplankton population, which is impacting fish stocks, he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/map-fisheries-20151214/child.html\" width=\"100%\" height=\"700\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Food sources for fish in their larval stage were also a focus of\u003ca href=\"http://www.pnas.org/content/112/30/E4065.full.pdf\"> research\u003c/a> published earlier this summer by \u003ca href=\"https://www.princeton.edu/aos/people/research_staff/asch/index.xml\">Rebecca Asch\u003c/a>, now a postdoctoral research associate at Princeton University. Asch studied data from 1951 to 2008 on 43 species of fish collected off the Southern California coast and found that many fish have changed the season when they spawn. When fish spawned too early or too late in the season, there can be less plankton available to them, shrinking their chance of survival. She calls it a “mismatch” between when the fish spawn and when seasonal plankton blooms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Knowing just how vulnerable our fisheries are to potential climate change is on the radar of NOAA Fisheries. The agency has put together a \u003ca href=\"http://www.st.nmfs.noaa.gov/Assets/ecosystems/climate/documents/Fish_Stock_Climate_Vulnerability_Assessment.pdf\">Fish Stock Climate Vulnerability Assessment\u003c/a> report expected to be released in early 2016. And like many things associated with climate change, there will be winners and losers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jon Hare is the oceanography branch chief for NOAA Fisheries’ Northeast Fisheries Science Center and a lead researcher on the agency’s assessment. He says they looked at 82 fish and invertebrate species in the Northeast. About half of the species, including Atlantic cod, were determined to be negatively impacted by climate change in the Northeast U.S. Approximately 20 percent of the species are likely to be positively impacted — like the Atlantic croaker. The remainder species were considered neutral.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Similar assessments are underway in the California Current and the Bering Sea, and eventually in all of the nation’s large marine ecosystems.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“This is where the idea of ecosystem-based management comes in. It’s not only fishing that is impacting these resources,” says Hare. “We need to take a more holistic view of these resources and include that in our management.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Britten says the fact that productivity of a fishery can change should be an eye-opener for fisheries management.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“It’s no longer just pull back on fishing and watch the stock rebound. It’s also a question of monitoring and understanding the ability of stocks to rebound, and that’s what we demonstrated in this study. The rebound potential is affected as well,” says Britten.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "When Drawing Legislative Maps, Should States Count People -- or Only Voters?",
"title": "When Drawing Legislative Maps, Should States Count People -- or Only Voters?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday heard an elections case that could dramatically change the way state legislative districts are drawn and could tilt some states in a decidedly more Republican direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Constitution is clear. The House of Representatives is to be apportioned based on the total population in each congressional district, and the census is to count each person, whether eligible to vote or not, so that all are represented. The status of state legislative districts, however, is less clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until 1964, state legislative districts often varied wildly in population. In Alabama, for instance, the population variances between two state Senate districts was 41-1. In a landmark 1964 decision, the Supreme Court struck down the Alabama redistricting and ruled by an 8-1 vote that the 14th Amendment's guarantee of equal protection mandates the principle of \"one person, one vote.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Outcome could impact political clout of Latinos in California\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236666632\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But what does that mean? Does it mean that the total population of state legislative districts should be equal, or does it mean the number of eligible voters in the districts should be equal, or the number of registered voters?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court has never specifically answered that question, but virtually all the states now draw lines for their legislative districts based on equality of total population, not eligible or registered voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should that change, it would mean that children, and immigrants, both legal and illegal, and other groups would be excluded from the population count when state legislative districts are drawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit before the Supreme Court seeks to do just that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two Texas voters are challenging the 2010 Texas reapportionment as unconstitutional because it created 31 state Senate districts to be as equal as possible in total population. The challengers claim that the correct constitutional metric should be eligible voters, not total population. Using that standard, they say that the Texas Senate map gives them roughly 50 percent less voting power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/458795687/458887885\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sue Evenwel, a member of the Texas State Republican Executive Committee, is the lead plaintiff. She notes, for instance, that her mainly rural district has 584,000 citizens eligible to vote, while a neighboring rural district, equal in total population, has only 372,000 eligible voters. Evenwel argues that the Texas districting scheme violates the \"one person, one vote\" principle because her vote has less weight relative to a person in a neighboring district with fewer eligible voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republican-dominated Texas government nonetheless defends total population as the best and most reliable means of ensuring equality in representation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The federal census data right now doesn't ask for citizenship,\" notes Texas Solicitor General Scott Keller. \"So, we are using the best data set available.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"hiQSuIsKsIscvRrFQ3SdJKMOL4fgardW\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keller maintains that under previous Supreme Court rulings, the state can choose which population it is seeking to equalize, as long as it is not targeting one group for discrimination. \"Texas, like every other state, has used total population for decades,\" he observes, adding that \"there has been no claim that there's been unfair representation or our system of democracy has been undermined.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge to the Texas redistricting has been coordinated by conservative activist Edward Blum. Some have called him the \"mastermind\" behind a series of cases that have successfully challenged long-established civil rights principles. Two years ago, Blum and a small cadre of lawyers succeeded in gutting a key portion of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. This week he has two more cases before the high court: the legislative districting case and another case he spearheaded, also from Texas, challenging affirmative action programs in state college admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blum used to be quite open about his work, but he is no longer talking to broadcasters, he says, because he isn't good at it. The lawyers arguing the cases are not talking either. So we turned to Ilya Shapiro, a senior fellow at the conservative and libertarian Cato Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you have a situation where one person's vote is effectively worth half of what another person's vote is in the neighboring district, that, I think, is a problem,\" Shapiro says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shapiro points to Utah, a state with a high birthrate, as an example of a state that has greater representation for rural districts with lots of children, than for the urban and \"more hipster\" district that includes the city of Salt Lake. But ultimately, he tracks the disparities between total population and eligible voters to the immigrant population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last half century, he says, total population has generally tracked eligible voting population. The late 1960s and early 1970s represented the \"lowest foreign-born population in this country that we've had in at least the last hundred years or so,\" Shapiro adds. \"And now, we're approaching the highest again, so that's why you have this disparity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shapiro, who wrote a brief siding with the challengers in this case, contends that the Constitution is based on voter equality and not population equality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But David Gans, of the liberal-leaning Constitutional Accountability Center, co-authored a contrary brief, noting that when Congress debated and passed the 14th Amendment following the Civil War, the fight was over who should be covered by the equal protection guarantee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one side were those making the same argument that the challengers are in this case, he says, namely that \"representation should be based on number of voters.\" Had that view prevailed, he notes, it \"would have excluded women; it would have excluded aliens; it would have excluded children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he continues, that view did not prevail; it was repeatedly voted down by the House and Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The theory that the framers of the 14th Amendment adopted was to include everyone in the population so as to ensure \"that everyone's voices are accounted for in representation,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one other aspect of this case: the pragmatic difficulty of creating districts of equal numbers of voters when those numbers are not compiled anywhere, when voting rolls are notoriously inaccurate, fluctuating and unpurged, and when people age into the voting population every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A brief filed by five demographers contends that it could be done, using a tried-and-true Census Bureau sampling technique instead of actual enumeration. But a brief filed by former Census Bureau chiefs from both Republican and Democratic administrations says that adequate data for a citizen-only, eligible-voter population count simply does not exist now, nor is it likely that sufficiently precise and reliable data of that kind could be obtained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+Drawing+Districts%2C+Should+States+Count+Each+Person+Or+Each+Voter%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The U.S. Supreme Court on Tuesday heard an elections case that could dramatically change the way state legislative districts are drawn and could tilt some states in a decidedly more Republican direction.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal Constitution is clear. The House of Representatives is to be apportioned based on the total population in each congressional district, and the census is to count each person, whether eligible to vote or not, so that all are represented. The status of state legislative districts, however, is less clear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Until 1964, state legislative districts often varied wildly in population. In Alabama, for instance, the population variances between two state Senate districts was 41-1. In a landmark 1964 decision, the Supreme Court struck down the Alabama redistricting and ruled by an 8-1 vote that the 14th Amendment's guarantee of equal protection mandates the principle of \"one person, one vote.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"alignright\">\n\u003ch3>Outcome could impact political clout of Latinos in California\u003c/h3>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236666632&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236666632'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>But what does that mean? Does it mean that the total population of state legislative districts should be equal, or does it mean the number of eligible voters in the districts should be equal, or the number of registered voters?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Supreme Court has never specifically answered that question, but virtually all the states now draw lines for their legislative districts based on equality of total population, not eligible or registered voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Should that change, it would mean that children, and immigrants, both legal and illegal, and other groups would be excluded from the population count when state legislative districts are drawn.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuit before the Supreme Court seeks to do just that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Two Texas voters are challenging the 2010 Texas reapportionment as unconstitutional because it created 31 state Senate districts to be as equal as possible in total population. The challengers claim that the correct constitutional metric should be eligible voters, not total population. Using that standard, they say that the Texas Senate map gives them roughly 50 percent less voting power.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/458795687/458887885\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sue Evenwel, a member of the Texas State Republican Executive Committee, is the lead plaintiff. She notes, for instance, that her mainly rural district has 584,000 citizens eligible to vote, while a neighboring rural district, equal in total population, has only 372,000 eligible voters. Evenwel argues that the Texas districting scheme violates the \"one person, one vote\" principle because her vote has less weight relative to a person in a neighboring district with fewer eligible voters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Republican-dominated Texas government nonetheless defends total population as the best and most reliable means of ensuring equality in representation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The federal census data right now doesn't ask for citizenship,\" notes Texas Solicitor General Scott Keller. \"So, we are using the best data set available.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Keller maintains that under previous Supreme Court rulings, the state can choose which population it is seeking to equalize, as long as it is not targeting one group for discrimination. \"Texas, like every other state, has used total population for decades,\" he observes, adding that \"there has been no claim that there's been unfair representation or our system of democracy has been undermined.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The challenge to the Texas redistricting has been coordinated by conservative activist Edward Blum. Some have called him the \"mastermind\" behind a series of cases that have successfully challenged long-established civil rights principles. Two years ago, Blum and a small cadre of lawyers succeeded in gutting a key portion of the 1965 Voting Rights Act. This week he has two more cases before the high court: the legislative districting case and another case he spearheaded, also from Texas, challenging affirmative action programs in state college admissions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blum used to be quite open about his work, but he is no longer talking to broadcasters, he says, because he isn't good at it. The lawyers arguing the cases are not talking either. So we turned to Ilya Shapiro, a senior fellow at the conservative and libertarian Cato Institute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you have a situation where one person's vote is effectively worth half of what another person's vote is in the neighboring district, that, I think, is a problem,\" Shapiro says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shapiro points to Utah, a state with a high birthrate, as an example of a state that has greater representation for rural districts with lots of children, than for the urban and \"more hipster\" district that includes the city of Salt Lake. But ultimately, he tracks the disparities between total population and eligible voters to the immigrant population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the last half century, he says, total population has generally tracked eligible voting population. The late 1960s and early 1970s represented the \"lowest foreign-born population in this country that we've had in at least the last hundred years or so,\" Shapiro adds. \"And now, we're approaching the highest again, so that's why you have this disparity.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Shapiro, who wrote a brief siding with the challengers in this case, contends that the Constitution is based on voter equality and not population equality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But David Gans, of the liberal-leaning Constitutional Accountability Center, co-authored a contrary brief, noting that when Congress debated and passed the 14th Amendment following the Civil War, the fight was over who should be covered by the equal protection guarantee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On one side were those making the same argument that the challengers are in this case, he says, namely that \"representation should be based on number of voters.\" Had that view prevailed, he notes, it \"would have excluded women; it would have excluded aliens; it would have excluded children.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, he continues, that view did not prevail; it was repeatedly voted down by the House and Senate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The theory that the framers of the 14th Amendment adopted was to include everyone in the population so as to ensure \"that everyone's voices are accounted for in representation,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is one other aspect of this case: the pragmatic difficulty of creating districts of equal numbers of voters when those numbers are not compiled anywhere, when voting rolls are notoriously inaccurate, fluctuating and unpurged, and when people age into the voting population every day.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A brief filed by five demographers contends that it could be done, using a tried-and-true Census Bureau sampling technique instead of actual enumeration. But a brief filed by former Census Bureau chiefs from both Republican and Democratic administrations says that adequate data for a citizen-only, eligible-voter population count simply does not exist now, nor is it likely that sufficiently precise and reliable data of that kind could be obtained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=When+Drawing+Districts%2C+Should+States+Count+Each+Person+Or+Each+Voter%3F&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>On the day of the mass shooting in San Bernardino, Calif., the city’s SWAT team was training for an active shooter situation just minutes away from the scene of the massacre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were just working through scenarios when this call went out,” says Lt. Travis Walker, the SWAT team commander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker says they’d decided to train on Wednesday in part to learn some lessons from the deadly shooting in Colorado Springs, Colo., last week. This response isn’t unique to San Bernardino; in the weeks since the terrorist attacks in Paris, local law enforcement agencies around the country have been preparing for the possibility of more challenging attacks. In San Bernardino on Wednesday morning, Walker was running his officers through scenarios with volunteers playing the role of shooters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d just finished a training scenario that involved multiple shooters at multiple locations within a small confined area,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then they were off — to the scene of a real-life multiple-shooter attack. They didn’t get there in time to stop it, but the suspects were killed in a shootout later in the day. Walker and his team were there for that, too, using armored vehicles to get close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That scene was meaningful because those were the very same kind of armored vehicles that for the past year or so have become a symbol of what some people call police militarization, something that’s gotten a bad rap since the Ferguson, Mo., protests last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker says now people can see why they have the heavy gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Society has changed, weaponry has changed that individuals have access to,” he says. “And it’s not that we seek to militarize law enforcement. The goal is to try to make sure that we reduce the number of human casualties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with the attacks in Paris, the San Bernardino massacre is being seen as vindication of the idea that American police have no choice but to train and gear up for military-style confrontations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe the equipment is necessary,” says Mark Lomax, executive director of the National Tactical Officers Association. “Because we’re one of the few countries in the world where our military doesn’t have any legal authority inside the country,” and he says police are simply the first line of defense for increasingly sophisticated shooting attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most policing experts agree this kind of gear is needed, but some of the more reform-minded experts are also apprehensive. They’re watching for the fallout from attacks like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What went through my mind was the fear that people were going to jump to the conclusion that, oh, my gosh, we have to go back to just being warriors,” says Sue Rahr, who runs the police academy in Washington state. Rahr was part of President Obama’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing, where she argued strongly for police to think of themselves less as warriors and more as “guardians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frankly, the most important thing we can do is figure out ways to prevent or predict when these are going to happen so we can stop them before they happen,” she says, “because there’s no way — with the best training and equipment in the world, we [only] have about two or three minutes before the worst of it is usually over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rahr says even with military-style training and gear, police should think like guardians. And San Bernardino may be a case in point. Walker recalls the active-shooter safety classes his officers have been teaching in the community. He says they taught one of those classes at the Inland Regional Center last year, and on Wednesday his men saw people there using those techniques, something he believes saved lives. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On the day of the mass shooting in San Bernardino, Calif., the city’s SWAT team was training for an active shooter situation just minutes away from the scene of the massacre.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We were just working through scenarios when this call went out,” says Lt. Travis Walker, the SWAT team commander.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker says they’d decided to train on Wednesday in part to learn some lessons from the deadly shooting in Colorado Springs, Colo., last week. This response isn’t unique to San Bernardino; in the weeks since the terrorist attacks in Paris, local law enforcement agencies around the country have been preparing for the possibility of more challenging attacks. In San Bernardino on Wednesday morning, Walker was running his officers through scenarios with volunteers playing the role of shooters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We’d just finished a training scenario that involved multiple shooters at multiple locations within a small confined area,” he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then they were off — to the scene of a real-life multiple-shooter attack. They didn’t get there in time to stop it, but the suspects were killed in a shootout later in the day. Walker and his team were there for that, too, using armored vehicles to get close.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That scene was meaningful because those were the very same kind of armored vehicles that for the past year or so have become a symbol of what some people call police militarization, something that’s gotten a bad rap since the Ferguson, Mo., protests last year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Walker says now people can see why they have the heavy gear.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Society has changed, weaponry has changed that individuals have access to,” he says. “And it’s not that we seek to militarize law enforcement. The goal is to try to make sure that we reduce the number of human casualties.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Along with the attacks in Paris, the San Bernardino massacre is being seen as vindication of the idea that American police have no choice but to train and gear up for military-style confrontations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“I believe the equipment is necessary,” says Mark Lomax, executive director of the National Tactical Officers Association. “Because we’re one of the few countries in the world where our military doesn’t have any legal authority inside the country,” and he says police are simply the first line of defense for increasingly sophisticated shooting attacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most policing experts agree this kind of gear is needed, but some of the more reform-minded experts are also apprehensive. They’re watching for the fallout from attacks like this.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“What went through my mind was the fear that people were going to jump to the conclusion that, oh, my gosh, we have to go back to just being warriors,” says Sue Rahr, who runs the police academy in Washington state. Rahr was part of President Obama’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing, where she argued strongly for police to think of themselves less as warriors and more as “guardians.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Frankly, the most important thing we can do is figure out ways to prevent or predict when these are going to happen so we can stop them before they happen,” she says, “because there’s no way — with the best training and equipment in the world, we [only] have about two or three minutes before the worst of it is usually over.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Rahr says even with military-style training and gear, police should think like guardians. And San Bernardino may be a case in point. Walker recalls the active-shooter safety classes his officers have been teaching in the community. He says they taught one of those classes at the Inland Regional Center last year, and on Wednesday his men saw people there using those techniques, something he believes saved lives. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Authorities Release Names of the 14 People Killed in San Bernardino Shooting",
"title": "Authorities Release Names of the 14 People Killed in San Bernardino Shooting",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The San Bernardino County Sheriff's Office released the names of the 14 people killed during a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/04/official-wife-in-san-bernardino-massacre-pledged-allegiance-to-isis\">mass shooting\u003c/a> at Inland Regional Center in San Bernardino, California, on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The victims ranged in age from 26 to 60.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This shooting has caused each [victim's] family, friends and co-workers, along with the first responders, to suffer an enormous personal tragedy. We must stand strong and offer support to each individual affected by this senseless attack,\" \u003ca href=\"http://local.nixle.com/alert/5541309/\">stated Sheriff John McMahon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The victims were memorialized Thursday night at a pair of vigils, the largest at a minor league baseball stadium not far from where they were killed at the Inland Regional Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[soundcloud url=\"https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236132707\" params=\"color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false\" width=\"100%\" height=\"166\" iframe=\"true\" /]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the victims' names, ages and hometowns:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shannon Johnson, 45, Los Angeles\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deirdre Butchko, a property manager at the building where Johnson lived in Koreatown, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\" target=\"_blank\">told member station KPCC\u003c/a> that he was an old-fashioned gentleman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was just really outstanding,\" she said, contemplating the news. \"It hurts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butchko said Johnson had moved to the building to free up more money for traveling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A clerk at a convenience store around the corner said Johnson was a regular customer, and one of the shop's kindest.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bennetta Betbadal, 46, Rialto\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to her \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/bennetta-betbadal-228138a5\">LinkedIn page\u003c/a>, Betbadal worked for the county's environmental health services. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/y2d8bn7w\">A Go Fund Me page\u003c/a> that has been created in her name says she was born in Iran in 1969. It also says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She fled to America at the age of 18 to escape Islamic extremism and the persecution of Christians that followed the Iranian Revolution. Bennetta initially settled in New York City, eventually moving to California and marrying her husband, Arlen Verdehyou, a police officer. They moved to Rialto, California and had three children, now ages 10, 12, and 15.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Aurora Godoy, 26, San Jacinto\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782157\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10782157\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/AuroraGodoy.jpg\" alt=\"Aurora Godoy appears in a photo on her Facebook account.\" width=\"800\" height=\"589\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/AuroraGodoy.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/AuroraGodoy-400x295.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aurora Godoy appears in a photo on her Facebook account. \u003ccite>(Reuters/Landov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Godoy, an office assistant in the Department of Public Health, met her husband in high school through Junior ROTC, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">the Los Angeles Times reported\u003c/a>. She gave birth to a son, Alexander, two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>James Godoy praised his late wife as a devoted mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was all about him,\" James Godoy said of his son.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Isaac Amanios, 60, Fontana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\" target=\"_blank\">Amanios was an immigrant from Ethiopia\u003c/a>, Department of Environmental Health receptionist Jenni Kosse told KPCC's Elizabeth Aguilera, and was saving up money to bring his children to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"He was so proud of his kids,\" Kosse said. \"I asked him about them the last time I saw him in October. And his whole face lit up and he took out pictures. He was such a proud dad. And just was an amazing guy.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Larry Daniel Kaufman, 42, Rialto\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782161\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10782161 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/LarryKaufman.jpg\" alt=\"Ryan Reyes, 32, holds a photograph of his boyfriend of three years, Larry Daniel Kaufman, who was confirmed as one of the 14 people killed at the Inland Regional Center on Wednesday. The image was taken at a renaissance festival.\" width=\"800\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/LarryKaufman.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/LarryKaufman-400x270.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ryan Reyes, 32, holds a photograph of his boyfriend of three years, Larry Daniel Kaufman, who was confirmed as one of the 14 people killed at the Inland Regional Center on Wednesday. The image was taken at a Renaissance festival. \u003ccite>(Rick Loomis/LA Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">The Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reports that Kaufman \"ran the coffee shop in building 3 at the Inland Regional Center, training the developmentally disabled clients who worked there.\" He was remembered on this \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/168740645761/permalink/10153735902635762/\">Facebook page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harry Bowman, 46, Upland\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newspaper also reports that Bowman was described as an intelligent man who loved his 15- and 11-year-old daughters, according to family member Bill Kraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Death at its best is hard to take. This type of death is extremely hard to take, especially when you have young children,\" Kraft told the Times. \"There is no way you are going to make them understand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yvette Velasco, 27, Fontana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782165\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10782165\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/YvetteVelasco.jpeg\" alt=\"Yvette Velasco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"716\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/YvetteVelasco.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/YvetteVelasco-400x358.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yvette Velasco. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Velasco was an environmental specialist. KPCC spoke to Velasco's uncle, George Velasco, who said she was \"an intelligent, motivated, and beautiful young woman, who was full of life and loved by all who knew her.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yvette is survived by her parents, Robert and Marie Velasco, and her three sisters, Adriana, Erica and Genevieve.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sierra Clayborn, 27, Moreno Valley\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"fb-root\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript>(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.11'; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fb-post\" data-href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10102844084753214&set=a.732023711514.2279425.6314911&type=3\" data-width=\"640\">\n\u003cblockquote cite=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10102844084753214&set=a.732023711514.2279425.6314911&type=3\" class=\"fb-xfbml-parse-ignore\">\u003cp>Posted by \u003ca href=\"#\" role=\"button\">Sierra Clayborn\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10102844084753214&set=a.732023711514.2279425.6314911&type=3\">Saturday, November 14, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\">KPCC\u003c/a> reports that Clayborn's \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/sierraclayborn\">LinkedIn profile\u003c/a> identifies her as an environmental health specialist for San Bernardino County, which would have made her a co-worker of the shooter, Syed Rizwan Farook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timothy Lee, who met Clayborn when they both took a dance class at the University of California Riverside, told the station that Clayborn was always encouraging his documentary film work.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Robert Adams, 40, Yucaipa\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"fb-root\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript>(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.11'; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fb-post\" data-href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152362015554184&set=a.431806494183.216844.689404183&type=3\" data-width=\"640\">\n\u003cblockquote cite=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152362015554184&set=a.431806494183.216844.689404183&type=3\" class=\"fb-xfbml-parse-ignore\">\u003cp>Posted by \u003ca href=\"#\" role=\"button\">Robert Adams\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152362015554184&set=a.431806494183.216844.689404183&type=3\">Saturday, April 12, 2014\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Adams married his high school sweetheart, Summer. He had a 20-month-old daughter. Jenni Kosse, a family friend said, and his adoration for his family was infectious, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">The Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you saw the three of them together, you just wanted to jump in the middle and think, 'I want to have fun too,' \" Kosse said.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nicholas Thalasinos, 52, Colton\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicholas's wife, Jennifer, told NPR member station \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\">KPCC\u003c/a> that her husband had a \"very strong faith.\" He worked as a county environmental specialist. Friends remembered him on his \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/nicholas.thalasinos\">Facebook page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tin Nguyen, 31, Santa Ana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782169\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10782169 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/TinNguyen.jpg\" alt=\"At their home in Santa Ana, Calif., Trung Do (L) and Vanessa Nguyen and hold a photograph of their sister and daughter Tin Nguyen, who died in the mass shooting.\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/TinNguyen.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/TinNguyen-400x294.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At their home in Santa Ana, California., Trung Do (L) and Vanessa Nguyen hold a photograph of their sister and daughter, Tin Nguyen, who died in the mass shooting. \u003ccite>(Robert Lachman/LA Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nguyen, who emigrated from Vietnam when she was a child, was planning to get engaged soon to her longtime boyfriend, San Trinh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">the Los Angeles Times reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"I work day in, day out, saving money. I intended to buy her a new house. We would move her Mom in to live with us. We talked about everything — our marriage, how many kids we wanted to have,\" the mechanical engineer from Westminster said. \"If I could tell people anything from this experience, I'd say: 'Whatever you're planning, don't push it off. Get it done.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Juan Espinoza, 50, Highland\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Espinoza was married and a father of two daughters and a son, Department of Environmental Health receptionist Jenni Kosse told KPCC. He also grew grapes to make his own wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Damian Meins, 58, Riverside\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">The Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reports that Juan C. Perez, director of Riverside County Transportation & Land Management Agency, emailed employees about Meins' death, calling him a \"bright light\" that had been \"extinguished from our world in a most tragic way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Michael Wetzel, 37, Lake Arrowhead\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetzel, who had worked for the San Bernardino County Department of Public Health for years, left behind six children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\">KPCC\u003c/a> spoke to Wetzel's pastor. \"He was an exceptional guy, really he was,\" Rod Akins said. \"I mean, a lot of people tend to highlight people once they've passed, but Michael was one of the most caring and generous guys.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"https://www.youcaring.com/renee-wetzel-480644\" target=\"_blank\">A fundraising campaign\u003c/a> has been started by friends of the Wetzel family, and as of late Thursday had collected more than $160,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Authorities+Release+Names+Of+The+14+People+Killed+In+San+Bernardino+Shooting&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The San Bernardino County Sheriff's Office released the names of the 14 people killed during a \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/04/official-wife-in-san-bernardino-massacre-pledged-allegiance-to-isis\">mass shooting\u003c/a> at Inland Regional Center in San Bernardino, California, on Wednesday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The victims ranged in age from 26 to 60.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This shooting has caused each [victim's] family, friends and co-workers, along with the first responders, to suffer an enormous personal tragedy. We must stand strong and offer support to each individual affected by this senseless attack,\" \u003ca href=\"http://local.nixle.com/alert/5541309/\">stated Sheriff John McMahon\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The victims were memorialized Thursday night at a pair of vigils, the largest at a minor league baseball stadium not far from where they were killed at the Inland Regional Center.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cdiv class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__shortcodes__shortcodeWrapper'>\n \u003ciframe width='100%' height='166'\n scrolling='no' frameborder='no'\n src='https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236132707&visual=true&color=ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false'\n title='https://api.soundcloud.com/tracks/236132707'>\n \u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/div>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Here are the victims' names, ages and hometowns:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Shannon Johnson, 45, Los Angeles\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Deirdre Butchko, a property manager at the building where Johnson lived in Koreatown, \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\" target=\"_blank\">told member station KPCC\u003c/a> that he was an old-fashioned gentleman.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"He was just really outstanding,\" she said, contemplating the news. \"It hurts.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Butchko said Johnson had moved to the building to free up more money for traveling.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A clerk at a convenience store around the corner said Johnson was a regular customer, and one of the shop's kindest.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Bennetta Betbadal, 46, Rialto\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to her \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/bennetta-betbadal-228138a5\">LinkedIn page\u003c/a>, Betbadal worked for the county's environmental health services. \u003ca href=\"https://www.gofundme.com/y2d8bn7w\">A Go Fund Me page\u003c/a> that has been created in her name says she was born in Iran in 1969. It also says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"She fled to America at the age of 18 to escape Islamic extremism and the persecution of Christians that followed the Iranian Revolution. Bennetta initially settled in New York City, eventually moving to California and marrying her husband, Arlen Verdehyou, a police officer. They moved to Rialto, California and had three children, now ages 10, 12, and 15.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Aurora Godoy, 26, San Jacinto\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782157\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10782157\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/AuroraGodoy.jpg\" alt=\"Aurora Godoy appears in a photo on her Facebook account.\" width=\"800\" height=\"589\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/AuroraGodoy.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/AuroraGodoy-400x295.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Aurora Godoy appears in a photo on her Facebook account. \u003ccite>(Reuters/Landov)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Godoy, an office assistant in the Department of Public Health, met her husband in high school through Junior ROTC, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">the Los Angeles Times reported\u003c/a>. She gave birth to a son, Alexander, two years ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>James Godoy praised his late wife as a devoted mother.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It was all about him,\" James Godoy said of his son.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Isaac Amanios, 60, Fontana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\" target=\"_blank\">Amanios was an immigrant from Ethiopia\u003c/a>, Department of Environmental Health receptionist Jenni Kosse told KPCC's Elizabeth Aguilera, and was saving up money to bring his children to the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"He was so proud of his kids,\" Kosse said. \"I asked him about them the last time I saw him in October. And his whole face lit up and he took out pictures. He was such a proud dad. And just was an amazing guy.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Larry Daniel Kaufman, 42, Rialto\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782161\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10782161 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/LarryKaufman.jpg\" alt=\"Ryan Reyes, 32, holds a photograph of his boyfriend of three years, Larry Daniel Kaufman, who was confirmed as one of the 14 people killed at the Inland Regional Center on Wednesday. The image was taken at a renaissance festival.\" width=\"800\" height=\"540\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/LarryKaufman.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/LarryKaufman-400x270.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ryan Reyes, 32, holds a photograph of his boyfriend of three years, Larry Daniel Kaufman, who was confirmed as one of the 14 people killed at the Inland Regional Center on Wednesday. The image was taken at a Renaissance festival. \u003ccite>(Rick Loomis/LA Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">The Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reports that Kaufman \"ran the coffee shop in building 3 at the Inland Regional Center, training the developmentally disabled clients who worked there.\" He was remembered on this \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/groups/168740645761/permalink/10153735902635762/\">Facebook page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Harry Bowman, 46, Upland\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The newspaper also reports that Bowman was described as an intelligent man who loved his 15- and 11-year-old daughters, according to family member Bill Kraft.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Death at its best is hard to take. This type of death is extremely hard to take, especially when you have young children,\" Kraft told the Times. \"There is no way you are going to make them understand.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Yvette Velasco, 27, Fontana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782165\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10782165\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/YvetteVelasco.jpeg\" alt=\"Yvette Velasco.\" width=\"800\" height=\"716\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/YvetteVelasco.jpeg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/YvetteVelasco-400x358.jpeg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Yvette Velasco. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of the family)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Velasco was an environmental specialist. KPCC spoke to Velasco's uncle, George Velasco, who said she was \"an intelligent, motivated, and beautiful young woman, who was full of life and loved by all who knew her.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yvette is survived by her parents, Robert and Marie Velasco, and her three sisters, Adriana, Erica and Genevieve.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Sierra Clayborn, 27, Moreno Valley\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"fb-root\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript>(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.11'; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fb-post\" data-href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10102844084753214&set=a.732023711514.2279425.6314911&type=3\" data-width=\"640\">\n\u003cblockquote cite=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10102844084753214&set=a.732023711514.2279425.6314911&type=3\" class=\"fb-xfbml-parse-ignore\">\u003cp>Posted by \u003ca href=\"#\" role=\"button\">Sierra Clayborn\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10102844084753214&set=a.732023711514.2279425.6314911&type=3\">Saturday, November 14, 2015\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\">KPCC\u003c/a> reports that Clayborn's \u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/in/sierraclayborn\">LinkedIn profile\u003c/a> identifies her as an environmental health specialist for San Bernardino County, which would have made her a co-worker of the shooter, Syed Rizwan Farook.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Timothy Lee, who met Clayborn when they both took a dance class at the University of California Riverside, told the station that Clayborn was always encouraging his documentary film work.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Robert Adams, 40, Yucaipa\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv id=\"fb-root\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003cscript>(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = 'https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.11'; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));\u003c/script>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fb-post\" data-href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152362015554184&set=a.431806494183.216844.689404183&type=3\" data-width=\"640\">\n\u003cblockquote cite=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152362015554184&set=a.431806494183.216844.689404183&type=3\" class=\"fb-xfbml-parse-ignore\">\u003cp>Posted by \u003ca href=\"#\" role=\"button\">Robert Adams\u003c/a> on \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/photo.php?fbid=10152362015554184&set=a.431806494183.216844.689404183&type=3\">Saturday, April 12, 2014\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>Adams married his high school sweetheart, Summer. He had a 20-month-old daughter. Jenni Kosse, a family friend said, and his adoration for his family was infectious, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">The Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reports.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you saw the three of them together, you just wanted to jump in the middle and think, 'I want to have fun too,' \" Kosse said.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Nicholas Thalasinos, 52, Colton\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nicholas's wife, Jennifer, told NPR member station \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\">KPCC\u003c/a> that her husband had a \"very strong faith.\" He worked as a county environmental specialist. Friends remembered him on his \u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/nicholas.thalasinos\">Facebook page\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Tin Nguyen, 31, Santa Ana\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10782169\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"wp-image-10782169 size-full\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/TinNguyen.jpg\" alt=\"At their home in Santa Ana, Calif., Trung Do (L) and Vanessa Nguyen and hold a photograph of their sister and daughter Tin Nguyen, who died in the mass shooting.\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/TinNguyen.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/TinNguyen-400x294.jpg 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">At their home in Santa Ana, California., Trung Do (L) and Vanessa Nguyen hold a photograph of their sister and daughter, Tin Nguyen, who died in the mass shooting. \u003ccite>(Robert Lachman/LA Times via Getty Images)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Nguyen, who emigrated from Vietnam when she was a child, was planning to get engaged soon to her longtime boyfriend, San Trinh, \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">the Los Angeles Times reported\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"I work day in, day out, saving money. I intended to buy her a new house. We would move her Mom in to live with us. We talked about everything — our marriage, how many kids we wanted to have,\" the mechanical engineer from Westminster said. \"If I could tell people anything from this experience, I'd say: 'Whatever you're planning, don't push it off. Get it done.' \"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Juan Espinoza, 50, Highland\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Espinoza was married and a father of two daughters and a son, Department of Environmental Health receptionist Jenni Kosse told KPCC. He also grew grapes to make his own wine.\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Damian Meins, 58, Riverside\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-san-bernardino-shooting-victims-htmlstory.html\">The Los Angeles Times\u003c/a> reports that Juan C. Perez, director of Riverside County Transportation & Land Management Agency, emailed employees about Meins' death, calling him a \"bright light\" that had been \"extinguished from our world in a most tragic way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003chr>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Michael Wetzel, 37, Lake Arrowhead\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wetzel, who had worked for the San Bernardino County Department of Public Health for years, left behind six children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2015/12/03/56001/san-bernardino-shooting-what-we-know-about-the-vic/\">KPCC\u003c/a> spoke to Wetzel's pastor. \"He was an exceptional guy, really he was,\" Rod Akins said. \"I mean, a lot of people tend to highlight people once they've passed, but Michael was one of the most caring and generous guys.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "As Tech Firms Come to Oakland, So Do Hopes of Racial Diversity",
"title": "As Tech Firms Come to Oakland, So Do Hopes of Racial Diversity",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Adan Faudoa, 24, grew up in the Bay Area, near Silicon Valley, but he didn't always think he'd be a tech guy. His dad had other plans for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a kid, my dad was a big gearhead,\" Faudoa says, \"so he was pushing me in the direction like, 'You have to be an auto mechanic, Adan, because this is where the money is at.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But over time, Faudoa began to see things a little differently. He noticed the people moving into his neighborhood were programmers and people working for tech companies. He decided he'd fight hard to become one of them, even though there aren't too many people of color in the industry. In the end, he landed a job at the music streaming service Pandora, one of the first tech companies to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Office-Space-Pandora-perks-include-free-gadget-5940432.php\">set up shop in Oakland\u003c/a>. Now, there's an emerging startup scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I’m hoping that the culture of Oakland is just an overwhelming wave against any type of invading horde of ‘tech bros’ coming in.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Tech pioneer Mitch Kapor also gambled on Oakland. Kapor says that in the not-so-distant past, when he told people that tech would come to Oakland, they were skeptical. \"Five years ago, people thought I'd grown a second head,\" Kapor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaporcenter.org/founders-staff/\">Kapor and his wife, Freada Kapor Klein\u003c/a>, saw Oakland as the perfect place to carry out their shared mission: to create diversity within tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's all of the platitudes that diversity's good for business,\" Kapor Klein says. \"But you look around tech, and you look at how hugely profitable companies like Google and Facebook (are) — all these behemoths — and they're staggeringly undiverse, and they're doing just fine. So we need to focus on different strategies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"LWHag56umloIMXOhybZ40qSVr2SgAilL\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kapors invest in strategies that eliminate bias in the tech industry, whether it's through new training programs or by redesigning the application process and performance reviews. Kapor says that sometimes the culture of the workplace itself can be the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If a company is made up entirely of, let's say, recent Stanford graduates, maybe fraternity brothers, and there's sort of a bro culture, you're going to feel left out,\" he says. \"You can't actually be who you are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://getclef.com/about/\">Clef\u003c/a>, a data security startup in Oakland, some of the founders did originally meet through networks in college. But now they're trying to bring in the local community by opening up their offices every Wednesday night for a free dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent free community meal, where the crowd skews mid-20s and early 30s, there are plenty of tech and media types. Darrell Jones III, one of the event organizers, says firefighters, public officials, even the bartender from down the street, sometimes will show up for a plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10781021\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 5563px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10781021\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/dsc06050_wide-47e084ece864b83ff19589fdc552080296d7bba0.jpg\" alt=\"A recent Wednesday community dinner at Clef, a data security startup in Oakland.\" width=\"5563\" height=\"3129\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/dsc06050_wide-47e084ece864b83ff19589fdc552080296d7bba0.jpg 5563w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/dsc06050_wide-47e084ece864b83ff19589fdc552080296d7bba0-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/dsc06050_wide-47e084ece864b83ff19589fdc552080296d7bba0-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/dsc06050_wide-47e084ece864b83ff19589fdc552080296d7bba0-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/dsc06050_wide-47e084ece864b83ff19589fdc552080296d7bba0-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/dsc06050_wide-47e084ece864b83ff19589fdc552080296d7bba0-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/dsc06050_wide-47e084ece864b83ff19589fdc552080296d7bba0-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5563px) 100vw, 5563px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A recent Wednesday community dinner at Clef, a data security startup in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Pendarvis Harshaw/Youth Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I'm hoping that the culture of Oakland is just an overwhelming wave against any type of invading horde of 'tech bros' coming in,\" Jones says. \"Through this smaller kind of community-centric local open event, we hope that we're able to [build] strong bridges between Oakland tech and just Oakland.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just Oakland\" means the blue-collar workers who settled here during World War II. The artists, the hippies, the entrepreneurs. The educators and the political activists. The people who've emigrated from East Africa, the Middle East, Central America and Southeast Asia. \"Just Oakland\" is this town's history as one of the strongest communities for blacks in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland is already changing with the arrival of tech. But the question is: Will the tech industry change, too, and become more diverse as more companies move in?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/23/uber-comes-to-oakland-in-a-big-way\" target=\"_blank\">Uber is the latest newcomer to town\u003c/a>, and it is taking over the former Sears department store in the heart of downtown. Oakland Councilwoman Lynette McElhaney says that it's critical that Uber let \"Oakland in.\" That's what'll make the difference in terms of equity: Oaklanders having a real place at the table in tech companies -- and not just for a weekly dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Pendarvis Harshaw's story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://youthradio.org/\">Youth Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 Youth Radio.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Oakland is known for its diversity. The tech industry? Not so much. But there's hope that will improve as more tech companies move there.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Adan Faudoa, 24, grew up in the Bay Area, near Silicon Valley, but he didn't always think he'd be a tech guy. His dad had other plans for him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a kid, my dad was a big gearhead,\" Faudoa says, \"so he was pushing me in the direction like, 'You have to be an auto mechanic, Adan, because this is where the money is at.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But over time, Faudoa began to see things a little differently. He noticed the people moving into his neighborhood were programmers and people working for tech companies. He decided he'd fight hard to become one of them, even though there aren't too many people of color in the industry. In the end, he landed a job at the music streaming service Pandora, one of the first tech companies to \u003ca href=\"http://www.sfgate.com/business/article/Office-Space-Pandora-perks-include-free-gadget-5940432.php\">set up shop in Oakland\u003c/a>. Now, there's an emerging startup scene.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I’m hoping that the culture of Oakland is just an overwhelming wave against any type of invading horde of ‘tech bros’ coming in.'\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Tech pioneer Mitch Kapor also gambled on Oakland. Kapor says that in the not-so-distant past, when he told people that tech would come to Oakland, they were skeptical. \"Five years ago, people thought I'd grown a second head,\" Kapor says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But \u003ca href=\"http://www.kaporcenter.org/founders-staff/\">Kapor and his wife, Freada Kapor Klein\u003c/a>, saw Oakland as the perfect place to carry out their shared mission: to create diversity within tech.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's all of the platitudes that diversity's good for business,\" Kapor Klein says. \"But you look around tech, and you look at how hugely profitable companies like Google and Facebook (are) — all these behemoths — and they're staggeringly undiverse, and they're doing just fine. So we need to focus on different strategies.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Kapors invest in strategies that eliminate bias in the tech industry, whether it's through new training programs or by redesigning the application process and performance reviews. Kapor says that sometimes the culture of the workplace itself can be the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If a company is made up entirely of, let's say, recent Stanford graduates, maybe fraternity brothers, and there's sort of a bro culture, you're going to feel left out,\" he says. \"You can't actually be who you are.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At \u003ca href=\"https://getclef.com/about/\">Clef\u003c/a>, a data security startup in Oakland, some of the founders did originally meet through networks in college. But now they're trying to bring in the local community by opening up their offices every Wednesday night for a free dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a recent free community meal, where the crowd skews mid-20s and early 30s, there are plenty of tech and media types. Darrell Jones III, one of the event organizers, says firefighters, public officials, even the bartender from down the street, sometimes will show up for a plate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10781021\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 5563px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10781021\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/dsc06050_wide-47e084ece864b83ff19589fdc552080296d7bba0.jpg\" alt=\"A recent Wednesday community dinner at Clef, a data security startup in Oakland.\" width=\"5563\" height=\"3129\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/dsc06050_wide-47e084ece864b83ff19589fdc552080296d7bba0.jpg 5563w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/dsc06050_wide-47e084ece864b83ff19589fdc552080296d7bba0-400x225.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/dsc06050_wide-47e084ece864b83ff19589fdc552080296d7bba0-800x450.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/dsc06050_wide-47e084ece864b83ff19589fdc552080296d7bba0-1440x810.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/dsc06050_wide-47e084ece864b83ff19589fdc552080296d7bba0-1920x1080.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/dsc06050_wide-47e084ece864b83ff19589fdc552080296d7bba0-1180x664.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/12/dsc06050_wide-47e084ece864b83ff19589fdc552080296d7bba0-960x540.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 5563px) 100vw, 5563px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A recent Wednesday community dinner at Clef, a data security startup in Oakland. \u003ccite>(Pendarvis Harshaw/Youth Radio)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"I'm hoping that the culture of Oakland is just an overwhelming wave against any type of invading horde of 'tech bros' coming in,\" Jones says. \"Through this smaller kind of community-centric local open event, we hope that we're able to [build] strong bridges between Oakland tech and just Oakland.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just Oakland\" means the blue-collar workers who settled here during World War II. The artists, the hippies, the entrepreneurs. The educators and the political activists. The people who've emigrated from East Africa, the Middle East, Central America and Southeast Asia. \"Just Oakland\" is this town's history as one of the strongest communities for blacks in America.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Oakland is already changing with the arrival of tech. But the question is: Will the tech industry change, too, and become more diverse as more companies move in?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/09/23/uber-comes-to-oakland-in-a-big-way\" target=\"_blank\">Uber is the latest newcomer to town\u003c/a>, and it is taking over the former Sears department store in the heart of downtown. Oakland Councilwoman Lynette McElhaney says that it's critical that Uber let \"Oakland in.\" That's what'll make the difference in terms of equity: Oaklanders having a real place at the table in tech companies -- and not just for a weekly dinner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Pendarvis Harshaw's story was produced by \u003c/em>\u003cem>\u003ca href=\"https://youthradio.org/\">Youth Radio\u003c/a>.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 Youth Radio.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"id": "closealltabs",
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"order": 1
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"title": "Code Switch / Life Kit",
"info": "\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em>, which listeners will hear in the first part of the hour, has fearless and much-needed conversations about race. Hosted by journalists of color, the show tackles the subject of race head-on, exploring how it impacts every part of society — from politics and pop culture to history, sports and more.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em>, which will be in the second part of the hour, guides you through spaces and feelings no one prepares you for — from finances to mental health, from workplace microaggressions to imposter syndrome, from relationships to parenting. The show features experts with real world experience and shares their knowledge. Because everyone needs a little help being human.\u003cbr />\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/podcasts/510312/codeswitch\">\u003cem>Code Switch\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />\u003ca href=\"https://www.npr.org/lifekit\">\u003cem>Life Kit\u003c/em> offical site and podcast\u003c/a>\u003cbr />",
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"meta": {
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"id": "commonwealth-club",
"title": "Commonwealth Club of California Podcast",
"info": "The Commonwealth Club of California is the nation's oldest and largest public affairs forum. As a non-partisan forum, The Club brings to the public airwaves diverse viewpoints on important topics. The Club's weekly radio broadcast - the oldest in the U.S., dating back to 1924 - is carried across the nation on public radio stations and is now podcasting. Our website archive features audio of our recent programs, as well as selected speeches from our long and distinguished history. This podcast feed is usually updated twice a week and is always un-edited.",
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"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Commonwealth-Club-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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"meta": {
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"source": "Commonwealth Club of California"
},
"link": "/radio/program/commonwealth-club",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cDovL3d3dy5jb21tb253ZWFsdGhjbHViLm9yZy9hdWRpby9wb2RjYXN0L3dlZWtseS54bWw",
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"id": "forum",
"title": "Forum",
"tagline": "The conversation starts here",
"info": "KQED’s live call-in program discussing local, state, national and international issues, as well as in-depth interviews.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 9am-11am, 10pm-11pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Forum-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Forum with Mina Kim and Alexis Madrigal",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 9
},
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"id": "freakonomics-radio",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "http://freakonomics.com/",
"airtime": "SUN 1am-2am, SAT 3pm-4pm",
"meta": {
"site": "radio",
"source": "WNYC"
},
"link": "/radio/program/freakonomics-radio",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/freakonomics-radio/id354668519",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/WNYC-Podcasts/Freakonomics-Radio-p272293/",
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},
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"id": "fresh-air",
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"link": "/radio/program/fresh-air",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=214089682&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"info": "A live production of NPR and WBUR Boston, in collaboration with stations across the country, Here & Now reflects the fluid world of news as it's happening in the middle of the day, with timely, in-depth news, interviews and conversation. Hosted by Robin Young, Jeremy Hobson and Tonya Mosley.",
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"hidden-brain": {
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"info": "Shankar Vedantam uses science and storytelling to reveal the unconscious patterns that drive human behavior, shape our choices and direct our relationships.",
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"airtime": "SUN 7pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"source": "NPR"
},
"link": "/radio/program/hidden-brain",
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"how-i-built-this": {
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"title": "How I Built This with Guy Raz",
"info": "Guy Raz dives into the stories behind some of the world's best known companies. How I Built This weaves a narrative journey about innovators, entrepreneurs and idealists—and the movements they built.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/05/howIBuiltThis.png",
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"airtime": "SUN 7:30pm-8pm",
"meta": {
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"link": "/radio/program/how-i-built-this",
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"npr": "https://rpb3r.app.goo.gl/3zxy",
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/how-i-built-this-with-guy-raz/id1150510297?mt=2",
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"hyphenacion": {
"id": "hyphenacion",
"title": "Hyphenación",
"tagline": "Where conversation and cultura meet",
"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Hyphenacion_FinalAssets_PodcastTile.png",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/hyphenacion",
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"order": 15
},
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},
"jerrybrown": {
"id": "jerrybrown",
"title": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown",
"tagline": "Lessons from a lifetime in politics",
"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-Political-Mind-of-Jerry-Brown-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
"meta": {
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"order": 18
},
"link": "/podcasts/jerrybrown",
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},
"latino-usa": {
"id": "latino-usa",
"title": "Latino USA",
"airtime": "MON 1am-2am, SUN 6pm-7pm",
"info": "Latino USA, the radio journal of news and culture, is the only national, English-language radio program produced from a Latino perspective.",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/latinoUsa.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "http://latinousa.org/",
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"link": "/radio/program/latino-usa",
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewPodcast?s=143441&mt=2&id=79681317&at=11l79Y&ct=nprdirectory",
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"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510016/podcast.xml"
}
},
"marketplace": {
"id": "marketplace",
"title": "Marketplace",
"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 4pm-4:30pm, MON-WED 6:30pm-7pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Marketplace-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.marketplace.org/",
"meta": {
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"source": "American Public Media"
},
"link": "/radio/program/marketplace",
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},
"masters-of-scale": {
"id": "masters-of-scale",
"title": "Masters of Scale",
"info": "Masters of Scale is an original podcast in which LinkedIn co-founder and Greylock Partner Reid Hoffman sets out to describe and prove theories that explain how great entrepreneurs take their companies from zero to a gazillion in ingenious fashion.",
"airtime": "Every other Wednesday June 12 through October 16 at 8pm (repeats Thursdays at 2am)",
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"officialWebsiteLink": "https://mastersofscale.com/",
"meta": {
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"source": "WaitWhat"
},
"link": "/radio/program/masters-of-scale",
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"apple": "http://mastersofscale.app.link/",
"rss": "https://rss.art19.com/masters-of-scale"
}
},
"mindshift": {
"id": "mindshift",
"title": "MindShift",
"tagline": "A podcast about the future of learning and how we raise our kids",
"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Mindshift-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED MindShift: How We Will Learn",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/mindshift/",
"meta": {
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 12
},
"link": "/podcasts/mindshift",
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"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5tZWdhcGhvbmUuZm0vS1FJTkM1NzY0NjAwNDI5",
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}
},
"morning-edition": {
"id": "morning-edition",
"title": "Morning Edition",
"info": "\u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> takes listeners around the country and the world with multi-faceted stories and commentaries every weekday. Hosts Steve Inskeep, David Greene and Rachel Martin bring you the latest breaking news and features to prepare you for the day.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3am-9am",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Morning-Edition-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/programs/morning-edition/",
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"link": "/radio/program/morning-edition"
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"onourwatch": {
"id": "onourwatch",
"title": "On Our Watch",
"tagline": "Deeply-reported investigative journalism",
"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/On-Our-Watch-Podcast-Tile-703x703-1.jpg",
"imageAlt": "On Our Watch from NPR and KQED",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"meta": {
"site": "news",
"source": "kqed",
"order": 11
},
"link": "/podcasts/onourwatch",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://podcasts.apple.com/podcast/id1567098962",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9mZWVkcy5ucHIub3JnLzUxMDM2MC9wb2RjYXN0LnhtbD9zYz1nb29nbGVwb2RjYXN0cw",
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"stitcher": "https://www.stitcher.com/show/on-our-watch",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510360/podcast.xml"
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},
"on-the-media": {
"id": "on-the-media",
"title": "On The Media",
"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm-3pm, MON 12am-1am",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/onTheMedia.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.wnycstudios.org/shows/otm",
"meta": {
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"source": "wnyc"
},
"link": "/radio/program/on-the-media",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/on-the-media/id73330715?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/On-the-Media-p69/",
"rss": "http://feeds.wnyc.org/onthemedia"
}
},
"pbs-newshour": {
"id": "pbs-newshour",
"title": "PBS NewsHour",
"info": "Analysis, background reports and updates from the PBS NewsHour putting today's news in context.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PBS-News-Hour-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/",
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"source": "pbs"
},
"link": "/radio/program/pbs-newshour",
"subscribe": {
"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/pbs-newshour-full-show/id394432287?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/radio/PBS-NewsHour---Full-Show-p425698/",
"rss": "https://www.pbs.org/newshour/feeds/rss/podcasts/show"
}
},
"perspectives": {
"id": "perspectives",
"title": "Perspectives",
"tagline": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991",
"info": "KQED's series of daily listener commentaries since 1991.",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Perspectives_Tile_Final.jpg",
"imageAlt": "KQED Perspectives",
"officialWebsiteLink": "/perspectives/",
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"source": "kqed",
"order": 14
},
"link": "/perspectives",
"subscribe": {
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"npr": "https://www.npr.org/podcasts/432309616/perspectives",
"rss": "https://ww2.kqed.org/perspectives/category/perspectives/feed/",
"google": "https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly93dzIua3FlZC5vcmcvcGVyc3BlY3RpdmVzL2NhdGVnb3J5L3BlcnNwZWN0aXZlcy9mZWVkLw"
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},
"planet-money": {
"id": "planet-money",
"title": "Planet Money",
"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
"airtime": "SUN 3pm-4pm",
"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/planetmoney.jpg",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.npr.org/sections/money/",
"meta": {
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"source": "npr"
},
"link": "/radio/program/planet-money",
"subscribe": {
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"apple": "https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/planet-money/id290783428?mt=2",
"tuneIn": "https://tunein.com/podcasts/Business--Economics-Podcasts/Planet-Money-p164680/",
"rss": "https://feeds.npr.org/510289/podcast.xml"
}
},
"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
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