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"disqusTitle": "In Los Angeles, Piecing Together the Numbers on Police Shootings",
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"content": "\u003cp>The official statistics for shootings by police in America are \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/03/06/391269342/system-for-reporting-police-killings-unreliable-study-finds\">bad to nonexistent\u003c/a>. The totals are underreported, and the Justice Department admits it doesn't have crucial details such as the race of people shot, and whether they were armed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the 2014 protests in Ferguson, Missouri, after the police killing of Michael Brown, this lack has become an embarrassment. But that's slowly beginning to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take, for instance, the nation's second-largest metro area, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">KPCC\u003c/a> in Pasadena has created a \u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/officer-involved/explore/\">database of shootings by law enforcement officers in Los Angeles County\u003c/a> from 2010 to 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KPCC analyzed paperwork from the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office, which reviews police shootings; the L.A. County medical examiner provided the ethnicity of fatal shooting victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During those five years, KPCC found, police shot 375 people, and half of those shootings -- 187 -- were fatal; no officers were prosecuted. Of the people shot, about one in four was unarmed. And 24 percent of those shot and killed were black, \u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/officer-involved/stories/black-people-shot-at-disproportionate-rate/\" target=\"_blank\">while African-Americans make up 8 percent\u003c/a> of the L.A. County population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10753837\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/officer-involved/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10753837\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KPCCData-800x628.jpg\" alt=\"KPCC analyzed summaries of officer-involved shootings by the Los Angeles County District Attorney from 2010-2014. Explore the full series.\" width=\"800\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KPCCData-800x628.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KPCCData-400x314.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KPCCData-1180x926.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KPCCData-960x754.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KPCCData.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KPCC analyzed summaries of officer-involved shootings by the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office from 2010-2014. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/officer-involved/\">Explore the full series\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>. \u003ccite>(KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The dataset also includes a breakdown of factors such as the justifications given by police who shoot suspects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, 148 people were shot for moving their hands out of sight or reaching for their waistbands; of those, 47 turned out to be unarmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When Is Use Of Force Justified?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether that proportion seems high is up for debate. As \u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/officer-involved/stories/unarmed-and-dangerous/\">KPCC's reporting about those shootings\u003c/a> puts it:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"[Michigan State University criminologist William Terrill] said he doesn't think missing hands alone are enough to justify self-defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'If they were shooting all the suspects that reach or don't show their hands when the officer wants them to,' he said, 'I can't imagine the number of police shootings – if the public thinks there's a high number now – I can't imagine what there would be.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Sheriff's Department Commander Rod Kusch, whose homicide bureau investigates all deputy shootings, disagrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'There is nothing that requires us to actually wait and see the gun or wait to see the knife,' he said. Deputies' 'background, training and experience' with armed suspects triggers a self-protection response when a suspect's hands disappear, he said.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>American police have considerable leeway in these situations because of two Supreme Court rulings in the late 1980s. In essence, the court held that officers may use deadly force if they have a reasonable belief that the suspect poses imminent danger of bodily harm to them or someone else. In addition, officers may not be judged based on information they didn't have at the moment they employed deadly force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, on Monday, the Supreme Court bolstered the protections for officers, when it ruled that an officer in Texas could not be sued for shooting into a fleeing car from a highway overpass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police say these standards are only fair, and without them they would live in constant fear of being second-guessed after the fact. They say if they had to worry about being prosecuted for honest mistakes or for misreading a threat, they wouldn't be able to do their job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side, groups such as Black Lives Matter say this benefit of the doubt has gone too far. They say prosecutors are too deferential to police, and overly aggressive use of force routinely gets a pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Growing Efforts To Collect Statistics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Missing from this debate are good numbers. The federal government has tried — and failed — to get police agencies to report details about the use of deadly force. FBI Director James Comey often complains about how little data Americans have to work with, when debating policing and race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even some police organizations say it's a problem; they say the current national discussion relies too much on anecdotes and high-profile incidents caught on video, and they say better statistics would create a more sympathetic view of how police use force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government isn't about to require police agencies to start reporting these numbers, but it is experimenting with the next best thing. The Bureau of Justice Statistics has a pilot program to gather detailed information about \"arrest-related deaths\" in America — and they're going to use \"open-source data\" as a basis for their statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, they'll draw on information that media organizations such as KPCC are collecting on police shootings. Equipped with these numbers, the BJS will then ask police agencies directly for more information on the cases that have been identified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 Southern California Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpcc.org/\">http://www.kpcc.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Los+Angeles%2C+Piecing+Together+The+Numbers+On+Police+Shootings&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The official statistics for shootings by police in America are \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2015/03/06/391269342/system-for-reporting-police-killings-unreliable-study-finds\">bad to nonexistent\u003c/a>. The totals are underreported, and the Justice Department admits it doesn't have crucial details such as the race of people shot, and whether they were armed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Since the 2014 protests in Ferguson, Missouri, after the police killing of Michael Brown, this lack has become an embarrassment. But that's slowly beginning to change.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Take, for instance, the nation's second-largest metro area, where \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/\" target=\"_blank\">KPCC\u003c/a> in Pasadena has created a \u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/officer-involved/explore/\">database of shootings by law enforcement officers in Los Angeles County\u003c/a> from 2010 to 2014.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>KPCC analyzed paperwork from the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office, which reviews police shootings; the L.A. County medical examiner provided the ethnicity of fatal shooting victims.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>During those five years, KPCC found, police shot 375 people, and half of those shootings -- 187 -- were fatal; no officers were prosecuted. Of the people shot, about one in four was unarmed. And 24 percent of those shot and killed were black, \u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/officer-involved/stories/black-people-shot-at-disproportionate-rate/\" target=\"_blank\">while African-Americans make up 8 percent\u003c/a> of the L.A. County population.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10753837\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/officer-involved/\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10753837\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KPCCData-800x628.jpg\" alt=\"KPCC analyzed summaries of officer-involved shootings by the Los Angeles County District Attorney from 2010-2014. Explore the full series.\" width=\"800\" height=\"628\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KPCCData-800x628.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KPCCData-400x314.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KPCCData-1180x926.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KPCCData-960x754.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/KPCCData.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003c/a>\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">KPCC analyzed summaries of officer-involved shootings by the Los Angeles County District Attorney's Office from 2010-2014. \u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/officer-involved/\">Explore the full series\u003c/a>\u003c/strong>. \u003ccite>(KPCC)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The dataset also includes a breakdown of factors such as the justifications given by police who shoot suspects.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For instance, 148 people were shot for moving their hands out of sight or reaching for their waistbands; of those, 47 turned out to be unarmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>When Is Use Of Force Justified?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whether that proportion seems high is up for debate. As \u003ca href=\"http://projects.scpr.org/officer-involved/stories/unarmed-and-dangerous/\">KPCC's reporting about those shootings\u003c/a> puts it:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"[Michigan State University criminologist William Terrill] said he doesn't think missing hands alone are enough to justify self-defense.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'If they were shooting all the suspects that reach or don't show their hands when the officer wants them to,' he said, 'I can't imagine the number of police shootings – if the public thinks there's a high number now – I can't imagine what there would be.'\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles Sheriff's Department Commander Rod Kusch, whose homicide bureau investigates all deputy shootings, disagrees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>'There is nothing that requires us to actually wait and see the gun or wait to see the knife,' he said. Deputies' 'background, training and experience' with armed suspects triggers a self-protection response when a suspect's hands disappear, he said.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>American police have considerable leeway in these situations because of two Supreme Court rulings in the late 1980s. In essence, the court held that officers may use deadly force if they have a reasonable belief that the suspect poses imminent danger of bodily harm to them or someone else. In addition, officers may not be judged based on information they didn't have at the moment they employed deadly force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, on Monday, the Supreme Court bolstered the protections for officers, when it ruled that an officer in Texas could not be sued for shooting into a fleeing car from a highway overpass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Police say these standards are only fair, and without them they would live in constant fear of being second-guessed after the fact. They say if they had to worry about being prosecuted for honest mistakes or for misreading a threat, they wouldn't be able to do their job.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On the other side, groups such as Black Lives Matter say this benefit of the doubt has gone too far. They say prosecutors are too deferential to police, and overly aggressive use of force routinely gets a pass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Growing Efforts To Collect Statistics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Missing from this debate are good numbers. The federal government has tried — and failed — to get police agencies to report details about the use of deadly force. FBI Director James Comey often complains about how little data Americans have to work with, when debating policing and race.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Even some police organizations say it's a problem; they say the current national discussion relies too much on anecdotes and high-profile incidents caught on video, and they say better statistics would create a more sympathetic view of how police use force.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The federal government isn't about to require police agencies to start reporting these numbers, but it is experimenting with the next best thing. The Bureau of Justice Statistics has a pilot program to gather detailed information about \"arrest-related deaths\" in America — and they're going to use \"open-source data\" as a basis for their statistics.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In other words, they'll draw on information that media organizations such as KPCC are collecting on police shootings. Equipped with these numbers, the BJS will then ask police agencies directly for more information on the cases that have been identified.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 Southern California Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kpcc.org/\">http://www.kpcc.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=In+Los+Angeles%2C+Piecing+Together+The+Numbers+On+Police+Shootings&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Law Adds New Twist to Abortion, Religious Freedom Debate",
"title": "California Law Adds New Twist to Abortion, Religious Freedom Debate",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>The latest front in the debate over religious freedom is all about an 8½-by-11-inch piece of paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This particular piece of paper is a notice -- one the state of California will soon require to be posted in places known as crisis pregnancy centers. These resource centers, often linked to religious organizations, provide low-cost or free services to pregnant women, while encouraging these women to not have abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new notice is mandated by the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB775\">Reproductive FACT Act\u003c/a>, and would make it clear that abortion is legally available in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But several pregnancy centers are \u003ca href=\"http://www.adfmedia.org/News/PRDetail/9776\">suing the state\u003c/a>, asking for the law to be struck down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the clinics engaged in the lawsuit is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unplannedparenthood.net/\">East County Pregnancy Care Clinic\u003c/a> in El Cajon, Calif., just outside San Diego. The center \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecpcc.org/FlexPaper_1.4.0_flash/ltli.pdf\">describes itself\u003c/a> as \"a religious, nonprofit, pro-life, free medical clinic licensed by the State of California.\" It sits on the corner of a busy intersection, surrounded by strip malls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big sign out front says \"free pregnancy tests.\" That's one way they get women in the door, according to executive director Josh McClure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McClure is not a physician, though the clinic does have medical advisers who are doctors, he says. When we recently visited, he didn't permit NPR to talk to the staff at the clinic, who are all either registered nurses or volunteers. But he did offer to show us around, and walk us through the process of what happens to clients who come to the clinic thinking they may be pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these women make appointments, he says, but the clinic also receives one or two walk-ins a day. The staff sees about 800 women a year, and that number is on the rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10746419\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10746419\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CrisisClinic-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Roughly 800 women a year seek a free pregnancy test, counseling and other services at this center in El Cajon, Calif. The clinic encourages its clients to not get abortions, but a new law requires it to also prominently post information about where to find abortion services.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CrisisClinic-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CrisisClinic-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CrisisClinic-1440x1079.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CrisisClinic.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CrisisClinic-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CrisisClinic-960x719.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roughly 800 women a year seek a free pregnancy test, counseling and other services at this center in El Cajon, Calif. The clinic encourages its clients to not get abortions, but a new law requires it to also prominently post information about where to find abortion services. \u003ccite>(Becky Sullivan/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>First, clients fill out paperwork in the lobby, he explains, then are assigned to a volunteer that he describes as an \"advocate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These volunteer advocates, who are not medical professionals, take the client into a small room called the library. There the volunteer leads the client through a conversation about her situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McClure says his volunteer will ask the client a series of questions to get at these issues: \"Why do they think they're pregnant? [Are] they living with somebody? Is it a husband, boyfriend? What are the circumstances going on in their life? And if the pregnancy does happen to be positive, what are they thinking about right then?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The library has two shelves with books like \"What To Expect When You're Expecting,\" anatomy models that show the size of the fetus at four weeks gestation, eight weeks, and so on; and VHS tapes about abortion and abortion providers. McClure says the tapes are from the 1970s and are hardly ever used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a client speaks with the advocate and reviews the pamphlets, she is taken to an exam room to take a pregnancy test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"M4rOaJozAw7Lo3CWjUDiCwq31cHpMXLu\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exam room looks like any medical examining room, with clean linoleum floors, health pamphlets and a box of rubber gloves on the counter. In the center of the room is an exam table with a sheet of white tissue paper laid out over it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's where a registered nurse would hand the patient a specimen cup to get a urine sample and do a pregnancy test, McClure says. It's the same test you might buy at a drugstore, he says, but here it's free, funded by donations. The RN signs off on the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the pregnancy test is positive, the nurse tells the client there are three options: parenting, adoption or abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to talk about the benefits, responsibilities and side effects of all three,\" McClure says. \"We would say, if it's an unplanned pregnancy, there really aren't any good solutions. They're all hard.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the discussion of parenting, the nurse talks about the responsibility of an 18-year commitment to another human life, and the resources in the client's life that may be helpful. The nurse asks whether the boyfriend or husband would be involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In discussing adoption, the clinic goes over several different options: familial adoption to a family member, local or national adoptions and open or closed adoption. McClure says the clinic works with several adoption agencies and will refer clients to the one that best suits her preferences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do let them know, that if there's drug abuse, the reality is if you're not going to straighten your life out by the time the baby is here, that [Child Protective Services] would be coming to take that child,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to abortion, the nurses do not tell clients where they can get an abortion or refer them to abortion providers, McClure told us. But they will talk about the clinic's view of the risks of an abortion and the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally,\" McClure says, \"the further along you go, the more expensive and more invasive and more risks there are. Risk of sterility is one. Perforated uterus is another. And then, of course, emotional side effects as well. All the information we're giving about the side effects is backed by research and referenced.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McClure didn't mention during our tour that at least some claims in that pamphlet used to train the clinic's nurses and volunteers are disputed by leading research organizations. For example, the suggestion that there might be a link between abortion and an increased risk of breast cancer has been studied and eventually dismissed by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/abortion-miscarriage-risk\">National Cancer Institute\u003c/a> and other medical groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clinic's pamphlet also states that abortion \"significantly increases the risk\" for conditions such as \"clinical depression and anxiety\" and \"suicidal thoughts and behavior.\" But an American Psychological Association task force on mental health and abortion had a different take in its recent review, recognizing that \"abortion encompasses a diversity of experiences.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the APA's \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/pi/women/programs/abortion/\">task force report\u003c/a> in 2008, \"the best scientific evidence published indicates that, among adult women who have an unplanned pregnancy, the relative risk of mental health problems is no greater if they have a single, elective first-trimester abortion than if they deliver that pregnancy. The evidence regarding the relative mental health risks associated with multiple abortions is more equivocal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a pregnant woman at McClure's clinic has been briefed by the staff on how their organization views the risks of abortion, she is brought to a room where she can get an ultrasound scan, free of cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10746427\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10746427\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CareCloset-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"In its "care closet," the East County Pregnancy Care Clinic keeps donations of diapers, baby clothes, wipes, maternity clothes and other items to help clients who can't afford such supplies on their own.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CareCloset-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CareCloset-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CareCloset-1440x1079.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CareCloset.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CareCloset-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CareCloset-960x719.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In its 'care closet,' the East County Pregnancy Care Clinic keeps donations of diapers, baby clothes, wipes, maternity clothes and other items to help clients who can't afford such supplies on their own. \u003ccite>(Becky Sullivan/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There, McClure tells us, the ultrasound image is enlarged and projected onto a big flat-screen TV. Women often decide against abortion, he says, after they see the ultrasound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you have an image on a screen, all the cloudiness of what we're talking about kind of goes away,\" McClure says. \"They're able to see for themselves: OK, arms, legs, eyes, head. Bingo — that's a baby.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last stop is a closet full of diapers, wipes, baby clothes, blankets and maternity clothes — all available for free to clients who have trouble affording those things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the end of the tour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of these things — no step in that process — would have to change under the Reproductive FACT Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the law requires centers like the East County Pregnancy Care Clinic to post a sign in the lobby that says, in \u003ca href=\"http://www-archive.mozilla.org/newlayout/testcases/css/sec526pt2.htm\">22-point type\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>California has public programs that provide immediate free or low-cost access to comprehensive family planning services (including all FDA-approved methods of contraception), prenatal care, and abortion for eligible women. To determine whether you qualify, contact the county social services office at [insert the telephone number].\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>If the center is not a licensed medical clinic, the sign would state:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>This facility is not licensed as a medical facility by the State of California and has no licensed medical provider who provides or directly supervises the provision of services.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>McClure says a sign in the lobby is not how or when he wants his clients at the clinic to hear about abortion. It goes against everything his center stands for, he tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the people responsible for the law requiring this new sign is \u003ca href=\"http://asmdc.org/members/a62/\">Autumn Burke\u003c/a>, who represents Inglewood in the California Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burke tells NPR that her interest in the issue started the day she went to get her phone fixed at a shop near a clinic that performs abortions. Protesters outside the clinic gave her pamphlets, she says, making claims that she knew weren't true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It [said] that abortion causes breast cancer,\" Burke recalls, \"that if you are on birth control boys will not like you, or they will take advantage of you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later, one of Burke's colleagues in the California Assembly asked her to co-sponsor the Reproductive FACT Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I thought, 'You know what? This is timely,' \" Burke says. \"Making sure women have the correct information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of health and medical groups, including the regional district of the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the California Nurses Association and the Primary Care Association, also \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB775\">supported the legislation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burke acknowledges that some crisis pregnancy centers do give good help to women who want to have babies. But she says that others give false information to women or pose as clinics, even though they don't have a medical license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burke says the law is for those bad actors, and that putting up this sign in these centers wouldn't be much different than a notice from the health department or the building inspector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like a 'Wash Your Hands' sign on the wall,\" says Burke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificjustice.org/brad-dacus---president.html\">Brad Dacus\u003c/a> of the Pacific Justice Institute, one of the groups suing the state of California over the new law, could not disagree more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like telling the Alcoholics Anonymous group that they have to have a large sign saying where people can get alcohol and booze for free,\" Dacus says. \"It's like telling a Jewish synagogue that they can have their service, and do their thing, but they have to have a large sign where people can go to pray to receive Jesus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dacus's organization has \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificjustice.org/press-releases/suits-filed-to-stop-state-compelled-speech\">filed a challenge\u003c/a> to the law in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some U.S. cities, including Austin, Texas, Baltimore and San Francisco, have passed similar legislation and have faced similar legal challenges — with mixed results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state of California so far is the largest jurisdiction in the country to pass a law requiring these centers to inform women about the availability of abortion services. If the law holds up, it could make way for measures like it in other cities and states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brad Dacus says that if the case has to go all the way to the Supreme Court to stop the law, so be it. To him, the legal battle is all about upholding the right to religious freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If people are not allowed to carry out their faith, and act and actually exercise their faith — not just have their private beliefs, but actually exercise their faith — then we really don't have religious freedom,\" Dacus says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits against the Reproductive FACT Act are now making their way through the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristin Ford, representing the office of California Attorney General Kamala Harris, says, \"We will vigorously defend the state law in court.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Law+Adds+New+Twist+To+Abortion%2C+Religious+Freedom+Debate&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The latest front in the debate over religious freedom is all about an 8½-by-11-inch piece of paper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This particular piece of paper is a notice -- one the state of California will soon require to be posted in places known as crisis pregnancy centers. These resource centers, often linked to religious organizations, provide low-cost or free services to pregnant women, while encouraging these women to not have abortions.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The new notice is mandated by the \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB775\">Reproductive FACT Act\u003c/a>, and would make it clear that abortion is legally available in California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But several pregnancy centers are \u003ca href=\"http://www.adfmedia.org/News/PRDetail/9776\">suing the state\u003c/a>, asking for the law to be struck down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the clinics engaged in the lawsuit is the \u003ca href=\"http://www.unplannedparenthood.net/\">East County Pregnancy Care Clinic\u003c/a> in El Cajon, Calif., just outside San Diego. The center \u003ca href=\"http://www.ecpcc.org/FlexPaper_1.4.0_flash/ltli.pdf\">describes itself\u003c/a> as \"a religious, nonprofit, pro-life, free medical clinic licensed by the State of California.\" It sits on the corner of a busy intersection, surrounded by strip malls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A big sign out front says \"free pregnancy tests.\" That's one way they get women in the door, according to executive director Josh McClure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McClure is not a physician, though the clinic does have medical advisers who are doctors, he says. When we recently visited, he didn't permit NPR to talk to the staff at the clinic, who are all either registered nurses or volunteers. But he did offer to show us around, and walk us through the process of what happens to clients who come to the clinic thinking they may be pregnant.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of these women make appointments, he says, but the clinic also receives one or two walk-ins a day. The staff sees about 800 women a year, and that number is on the rise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10746419\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10746419\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CrisisClinic-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"Roughly 800 women a year seek a free pregnancy test, counseling and other services at this center in El Cajon, Calif. The clinic encourages its clients to not get abortions, but a new law requires it to also prominently post information about where to find abortion services.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CrisisClinic-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CrisisClinic-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CrisisClinic-1440x1079.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CrisisClinic.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CrisisClinic-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CrisisClinic-960x719.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Roughly 800 women a year seek a free pregnancy test, counseling and other services at this center in El Cajon, Calif. The clinic encourages its clients to not get abortions, but a new law requires it to also prominently post information about where to find abortion services. \u003ccite>(Becky Sullivan/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>First, clients fill out paperwork in the lobby, he explains, then are assigned to a volunteer that he describes as an \"advocate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>These volunteer advocates, who are not medical professionals, take the client into a small room called the library. There the volunteer leads the client through a conversation about her situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McClure says his volunteer will ask the client a series of questions to get at these issues: \"Why do they think they're pregnant? [Are] they living with somebody? Is it a husband, boyfriend? What are the circumstances going on in their life? And if the pregnancy does happen to be positive, what are they thinking about right then?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The library has two shelves with books like \"What To Expect When You're Expecting,\" anatomy models that show the size of the fetus at four weeks gestation, eight weeks, and so on; and VHS tapes about abortion and abortion providers. McClure says the tapes are from the 1970s and are hardly ever used.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After a client speaks with the advocate and reviews the pamphlets, she is taken to an exam room to take a pregnancy test.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The exam room looks like any medical examining room, with clean linoleum floors, health pamphlets and a box of rubber gloves on the counter. In the center of the room is an exam table with a sheet of white tissue paper laid out over it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's where a registered nurse would hand the patient a specimen cup to get a urine sample and do a pregnancy test, McClure says. It's the same test you might buy at a drugstore, he says, but here it's free, funded by donations. The RN signs off on the results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the pregnancy test is positive, the nurse tells the client there are three options: parenting, adoption or abortion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're going to talk about the benefits, responsibilities and side effects of all three,\" McClure says. \"We would say, if it's an unplanned pregnancy, there really aren't any good solutions. They're all hard.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the discussion of parenting, the nurse talks about the responsibility of an 18-year commitment to another human life, and the resources in the client's life that may be helpful. The nurse asks whether the boyfriend or husband would be involved.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In discussing adoption, the clinic goes over several different options: familial adoption to a family member, local or national adoptions and open or closed adoption. McClure says the clinic works with several adoption agencies and will refer clients to the one that best suits her preferences.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We do let them know, that if there's drug abuse, the reality is if you're not going to straighten your life out by the time the baby is here, that [Child Protective Services] would be coming to take that child,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When it comes to abortion, the nurses do not tell clients where they can get an abortion or refer them to abortion providers, McClure told us. But they will talk about the clinic's view of the risks of an abortion and the cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Generally,\" McClure says, \"the further along you go, the more expensive and more invasive and more risks there are. Risk of sterility is one. Perforated uterus is another. And then, of course, emotional side effects as well. All the information we're giving about the side effects is backed by research and referenced.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McClure didn't mention during our tour that at least some claims in that pamphlet used to train the clinic's nurses and volunteers are disputed by leading research organizations. For example, the suggestion that there might be a link between abortion and an increased risk of breast cancer has been studied and eventually dismissed by the \u003ca href=\"http://www.cancer.gov/types/breast/abortion-miscarriage-risk\">National Cancer Institute\u003c/a> and other medical groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The clinic's pamphlet also states that abortion \"significantly increases the risk\" for conditions such as \"clinical depression and anxiety\" and \"suicidal thoughts and behavior.\" But an American Psychological Association task force on mental health and abortion had a different take in its recent review, recognizing that \"abortion encompasses a diversity of experiences.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the APA's \u003ca href=\"http://www.apa.org/pi/women/programs/abortion/\">task force report\u003c/a> in 2008, \"the best scientific evidence published indicates that, among adult women who have an unplanned pregnancy, the relative risk of mental health problems is no greater if they have a single, elective first-trimester abortion than if they deliver that pregnancy. The evidence regarding the relative mental health risks associated with multiple abortions is more equivocal.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Once a pregnant woman at McClure's clinic has been briefed by the staff on how their organization views the risks of abortion, she is brought to a room where she can get an ultrasound scan, free of cost.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10746427\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10746427\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CareCloset-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"In its "care closet," the East County Pregnancy Care Clinic keeps donations of diapers, baby clothes, wipes, maternity clothes and other items to help clients who can't afford such supplies on their own.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CareCloset-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CareCloset-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CareCloset-1440x1079.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CareCloset.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CareCloset-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/11/CareCloset-960x719.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">In its 'care closet,' the East County Pregnancy Care Clinic keeps donations of diapers, baby clothes, wipes, maternity clothes and other items to help clients who can't afford such supplies on their own. \u003ccite>(Becky Sullivan/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There, McClure tells us, the ultrasound image is enlarged and projected onto a big flat-screen TV. Women often decide against abortion, he says, after they see the ultrasound.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you have an image on a screen, all the cloudiness of what we're talking about kind of goes away,\" McClure says. \"They're able to see for themselves: OK, arms, legs, eyes, head. Bingo — that's a baby.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The last stop is a closet full of diapers, wipes, baby clothes, blankets and maternity clothes — all available for free to clients who have trouble affording those things.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's the end of the tour.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>None of these things — no step in that process — would have to change under the Reproductive FACT Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Instead, the law requires centers like the East County Pregnancy Care Clinic to post a sign in the lobby that says, in \u003ca href=\"http://www-archive.mozilla.org/newlayout/testcases/css/sec526pt2.htm\">22-point type\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>California has public programs that provide immediate free or low-cost access to comprehensive family planning services (including all FDA-approved methods of contraception), prenatal care, and abortion for eligible women. To determine whether you qualify, contact the county social services office at [insert the telephone number].\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>If the center is not a licensed medical clinic, the sign would state:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>This facility is not licensed as a medical facility by the State of California and has no licensed medical provider who provides or directly supervises the provision of services.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>McClure says a sign in the lobby is not how or when he wants his clients at the clinic to hear about abortion. It goes against everything his center stands for, he tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the people responsible for the law requiring this new sign is \u003ca href=\"http://asmdc.org/members/a62/\">Autumn Burke\u003c/a>, who represents Inglewood in the California Assembly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burke tells NPR that her interest in the issue started the day she went to get her phone fixed at a shop near a clinic that performs abortions. Protesters outside the clinic gave her pamphlets, she says, making claims that she knew weren't true.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It [said] that abortion causes breast cancer,\" Burke recalls, \"that if you are on birth control boys will not like you, or they will take advantage of you.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few days later, one of Burke's colleagues in the California Assembly asked her to co-sponsor the Reproductive FACT Act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And I thought, 'You know what? This is timely,' \" Burke says. \"Making sure women have the correct information.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A number of health and medical groups, including the regional district of the American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the California Nurses Association and the Primary Care Association, also \u003ca href=\"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billAnalysisClient.xhtml?bill_id=201520160AB775\">supported the legislation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burke acknowledges that some crisis pregnancy centers do give good help to women who want to have babies. But she says that others give false information to women or pose as clinics, even though they don't have a medical license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Burke says the law is for those bad actors, and that putting up this sign in these centers wouldn't be much different than a notice from the health department or the building inspector.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like a 'Wash Your Hands' sign on the wall,\" says Burke.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificjustice.org/brad-dacus---president.html\">Brad Dacus\u003c/a> of the Pacific Justice Institute, one of the groups suing the state of California over the new law, could not disagree more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's like telling the Alcoholics Anonymous group that they have to have a large sign saying where people can get alcohol and booze for free,\" Dacus says. \"It's like telling a Jewish synagogue that they can have their service, and do their thing, but they have to have a large sign where people can go to pray to receive Jesus.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Dacus's organization has \u003ca href=\"http://www.pacificjustice.org/press-releases/suits-filed-to-stop-state-compelled-speech\">filed a challenge\u003c/a> to the law in federal court.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some U.S. cities, including Austin, Texas, Baltimore and San Francisco, have passed similar legislation and have faced similar legal challenges — with mixed results.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state of California so far is the largest jurisdiction in the country to pass a law requiring these centers to inform women about the availability of abortion services. If the law holds up, it could make way for measures like it in other cities and states.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Brad Dacus says that if the case has to go all the way to the Supreme Court to stop the law, so be it. To him, the legal battle is all about upholding the right to religious freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If people are not allowed to carry out their faith, and act and actually exercise their faith — not just have their private beliefs, but actually exercise their faith — then we really don't have religious freedom,\" Dacus says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lawsuits against the Reproductive FACT Act are now making their way through the courts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristin Ford, representing the office of California Attorney General Kamala Harris, says, \"We will vigorously defend the state law in court.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+Law+Adds+New+Twist+To+Abortion%2C+Religious+Freedom+Debate&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "The New Propagandist for Al-Qaida in Syria and His Link to Hollywood",
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"content": "\u003cp>Al-Qaida's arm in Syria, a group called Jabat al-Nusra, has just deployed a new weapon -- a young British convert named Lucas Kinney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kinney, 26, is making videos for the group and he's no stranger to filmmaking. His father is Patrick Kinney, a well-known Hollywood assistant director who worked on such iconic films as \"Rambo,\" \"Braveheart\" and the \"Indiana Jones\" series, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The younger Kinney began appearing in slickly produced videos this month in a bid to help the al-Qaida affiliate recruit fighters to its cause. Among the things that set these latest productions apart is that Kinney's focus is not on America, but rather on the sins of the Islamic State, or ISIS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can see here behind me the remnants of homes of innocent Muslims,\" he begins in a video he says was shot in the Syrian countryside outside Aleppo, where an attack by the Islamic State, or ISIS, had just taken place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The followers of the so-called Islamic State decided that in the middle of Ramadan that the best worship they could perform is to bomb the houses of innocent Muslims,\" he says, calling on others to strike back at the Islamic State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Glad tidings to those who kill them. Tomorrow if you don't stand up this could be your house,\" he says, as the camera pulls back to show the destruction behind him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rival Islamist Groups\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jabat al-Nusra, the group that claims to have produced the videos, is an al-Qaida-affiliated group in Syria whose avowed goal is to topple the Syrian regime of Bashar Assad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Islamic State is more focused on its self-declared caliphate, and has been less active in battling Assad's regime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For that reason, some insurgents in Syria see al-Nusra as preferable to ISIS. Kinney and al-Nusra are trying to play upon those sentiments. Their strategy appears to be to release a series of on-the-ground videos that provide documentary proof of the many innocents ISIS is killing as it seeks to create a Muslim homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Islamic State has made clear that anyone who doesn't subscribe to its extreme interpretation of Islam is fair game and can be marked for death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the videos, Kinney is presented more like a documentarian touring a war zone than an al-Qaida propagandist trolling for recruits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one of the new videos, Kinney travels to a mosque he says is in the countryside outside of Aleppo, in northwest Syria. This is where the Islamic State is now clashing with Syrian regime forces. The mosque, Kinney says, was the target of an ISIS suicide attack. As the camera pans the room, you can hear people sweeping up glass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the scene now,\" Kinney says, speaking into the camera and pointing to the blood on the floor. \"Looking at all of this you can only imagine how it might have been, with I don't know how many brothers were sitting here ... Actually just from the force of the explosion here, a number of the brothers were sent flying out of this window.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A New Type Of Video\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The videos are a departure for al-Nusra, which has never been known for its presence on social media or slick propaganda. It isn't just the video's sense of immediacy, or the fact that they are in English that set them apart from al-Nusra offerings in the past. Instead, it is the videos' cinematic quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the way the video was shot, I kept thinking of 'Homeland,' \u003cem>\" \u003c/em>says Will McCants, director of the project on U.S. relations with the Islamic World at the Brookings Institution. \"The way that they presented his name or the location with computer type you'd see in Hollywood, for example, was quite striking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kinney isn't the first Westerner to emerge as the front man for a violent Islamist organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Osama bin Laden and al-Qaida's core leadership put a former heavy metal enthusiast from California named Adam Gadahn in charge of their Western propaganda efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group's arm in Somalia, known as al-Shabab, made a young Alabama man named Omar Hammami its Western recruiter. He produced a series of jihadi rap music videos that were considered very effective in convincing Westerners to come to Somalia to fight there. And now al-Nusra appears to have chosen Kinney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCants, who has just published a book about ISIS, says Kinney's video was very effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a viewer, to see him go into the mosque and react to the aftermath, it really underscored the message that he was delivering,\" he said. \"The Islamic State is not doing what it is supposed to do, which is protect normal Sunni civilians. It is killing them, and that is a key part of al-Nusra's anti-ISIS message.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unclear Motivations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why Kinney decided to join al-Nusra is still a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His mother, who has been divorced from his father for more than a decade, told reporters that her son had wanted, at one time, to be a Catholic priest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had gone to live with his father in Vienna, she said, and she believes he was radicalized there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kinney's father has not spoken publicly about his son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever drove Kinney to Syria and into the arms of al-Nusra, he's now emerged as the first white convert to join the ranks of the group and he appears to be trying to convince other potential recruits that, compared with ISIS, al-Qaeda is relatively moderate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Honestly, between the two groups ISIS has had much more fortune recruiting people, and Jabat al-Nusra is trying to reverse that process,\" said Lorenzo Vidino, the director of the program on extremism at George Washington University. \"ISIS has attracted tens of thousands of foreign fighters and al-Nusra is trying to offer an alternative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is too early to tell how effective the new Kinney videos will be. ISIS followers, who tweet thousands of messages a day, have dismissed him on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Al-Qaida's arm in Syria, a group called Jabat al-Nusra, has just deployed a new weapon -- a young British convert named Lucas Kinney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kinney, 26, is making videos for the group and he's no stranger to filmmaking. His father is Patrick Kinney, a well-known Hollywood assistant director who worked on such iconic films as \"Rambo,\" \"Braveheart\" and the \"Indiana Jones\" series, among others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The younger Kinney began appearing in slickly produced videos this month in a bid to help the al-Qaida affiliate recruit fighters to its cause. Among the things that set these latest productions apart is that Kinney's focus is not on America, but rather on the sins of the Islamic State, or ISIS.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You can see here behind me the remnants of homes of innocent Muslims,\" he begins in a video he says was shot in the Syrian countryside outside Aleppo, where an attack by the Islamic State, or ISIS, had just taken place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The followers of the so-called Islamic State decided that in the middle of Ramadan that the best worship they could perform is to bomb the houses of innocent Muslims,\" he says, calling on others to strike back at the Islamic State.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Glad tidings to those who kill them. Tomorrow if you don't stand up this could be your house,\" he says, as the camera pulls back to show the destruction behind him.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Rival Islamist Groups\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Jabat al-Nusra, the group that claims to have produced the videos, is an al-Qaida-affiliated group in Syria whose avowed goal is to topple the Syrian regime of Bashar Assad.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Islamic State is more focused on its self-declared caliphate, and has been less active in battling Assad's regime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>For that reason, some insurgents in Syria see al-Nusra as preferable to ISIS. Kinney and al-Nusra are trying to play upon those sentiments. Their strategy appears to be to release a series of on-the-ground videos that provide documentary proof of the many innocents ISIS is killing as it seeks to create a Muslim homeland.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Islamic State has made clear that anyone who doesn't subscribe to its extreme interpretation of Islam is fair game and can be marked for death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the videos, Kinney is presented more like a documentarian touring a war zone than an al-Qaida propagandist trolling for recruits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In one of the new videos, Kinney travels to a mosque he says is in the countryside outside of Aleppo, in northwest Syria. This is where the Islamic State is now clashing with Syrian regime forces. The mosque, Kinney says, was the target of an ISIS suicide attack. As the camera pans the room, you can hear people sweeping up glass.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is the scene now,\" Kinney says, speaking into the camera and pointing to the blood on the floor. \"Looking at all of this you can only imagine how it might have been, with I don't know how many brothers were sitting here ... Actually just from the force of the explosion here, a number of the brothers were sent flying out of this window.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>A New Type Of Video\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The videos are a departure for al-Nusra, which has never been known for its presence on social media or slick propaganda. It isn't just the video's sense of immediacy, or the fact that they are in English that set them apart from al-Nusra offerings in the past. Instead, it is the videos' cinematic quality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"A lot of the way the video was shot, I kept thinking of 'Homeland,' \u003cem>\" \u003c/em>says Will McCants, director of the project on U.S. relations with the Islamic World at the Brookings Institution. \"The way that they presented his name or the location with computer type you'd see in Hollywood, for example, was quite striking.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kinney isn't the first Westerner to emerge as the front man for a violent Islamist organization.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Osama bin Laden and al-Qaida's core leadership put a former heavy metal enthusiast from California named Adam Gadahn in charge of their Western propaganda efforts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The group's arm in Somalia, known as al-Shabab, made a young Alabama man named Omar Hammami its Western recruiter. He produced a series of jihadi rap music videos that were considered very effective in convincing Westerners to come to Somalia to fight there. And now al-Nusra appears to have chosen Kinney.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCants, who has just published a book about ISIS, says Kinney's video was very effective.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a viewer, to see him go into the mosque and react to the aftermath, it really underscored the message that he was delivering,\" he said. \"The Islamic State is not doing what it is supposed to do, which is protect normal Sunni civilians. It is killing them, and that is a key part of al-Nusra's anti-ISIS message.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Unclear Motivations\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Why Kinney decided to join al-Nusra is still a mystery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His mother, who has been divorced from his father for more than a decade, told reporters that her son had wanted, at one time, to be a Catholic priest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He had gone to live with his father in Vienna, she said, and she believes he was radicalized there.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kinney's father has not spoken publicly about his son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Whatever drove Kinney to Syria and into the arms of al-Nusra, he's now emerged as the first white convert to join the ranks of the group and he appears to be trying to convince other potential recruits that, compared with ISIS, al-Qaeda is relatively moderate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Honestly, between the two groups ISIS has had much more fortune recruiting people, and Jabat al-Nusra is trying to reverse that process,\" said Lorenzo Vidino, the director of the program on extremism at George Washington University. \"ISIS has attracted tens of thousands of foreign fighters and al-Nusra is trying to offer an alternative.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It is too early to tell how effective the new Kinney videos will be. ISIS followers, who tweet thousands of messages a day, have dismissed him on Twitter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>It's not every day you can plop down two bucks and walk away with some \"junk\" that is worth a fortune. But that's what happened when a collector purchased an old-timey photo from a Fresno antiques shop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out, the infamous outlaw Billy the Kid is in the photo, apparently taking part in a leisurely game of croquet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The image could be worth up to $5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kagin's Inc., a numismatics firm, announced it had authenticated the photo earlier this month. The 4-inch-by-5-inch tintype shows Billy the Kid in the summer of 1878. It may have been taken at a wedding, and he is alongside several members of his gang, The Regulators, according to the firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10718705\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10718705\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/BTKdetail-800x687.jpg\" alt=\"A detail of Billy the Kid (L) in the original tintype.\" width=\"800\" height=\"687\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/BTKdetail-800x687.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/BTKdetail-400x344.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/BTKdetail-1440x1237.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/BTKdetail.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/BTKdetail-1180x1013.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/BTKdetail-960x825.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A detail of Billy the Kid (L) in the original tintype. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Kagins.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://kagins.com/\">statement\u003c/a>, Kagin's senior numismatist, David McCarthy, said it took more than a year of careful inspection before the firm would confirm the photo's authenticity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"When we first saw the photograph, we were understandably skeptical — an original Billy the Kid photo is the Holy Grail of Western Americana. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had to be certain that we could answer and verify where, when, how and why this photograph was taken. Simple resemblance is not enough in a case like this — a team of experts had to be assembled to address each and every detail in the photo to insure that nothing was out of place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After more than a year of methodical study including my own inspection of the site, there is now overwhelming evidence of the image's authenticity.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The only other known photo of the outlaw was taken in 1880 in Fort Sumner, N.M. That photo, a 2-inch-by-3-inch tintype, pulled in $2.3 million in 2010, according to Kagin's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Billy the Kid, whose \u003ca href=\"http://www.britannica.com/biography/Billy-the-Kid-American-outlaw\">real name\u003c/a> may have been Henry McCarty (he also used the alias William H. Bonney), has remained part of American frontier folklore for generations. He was a famous thief and gunfighter who was captured and sentenced to death but escaped prison after killing two guards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legend has it that he killed 21 men, one for each year of his life. However, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.newmexico.org/true-history/#article75744\">New Mexico Tourism Department\u003c/a>, the number was actually nine: four that he was solely responsible for, including the two guards, and five he helped dispatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Billy the Kid was eventually tracked down and killed by Sheriff Pat Garrett at Fort Sumner in 1881.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%242+Photo+Found+At+Junk+Store+Has+Billy+the+Kid+In+It%2C+Could+Be+Worth+%245+Million&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>It's not every day you can plop down two bucks and walk away with some \"junk\" that is worth a fortune. But that's what happened when a collector purchased an old-timey photo from a Fresno antiques shop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It turns out, the infamous outlaw Billy the Kid is in the photo, apparently taking part in a leisurely game of croquet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The image could be worth up to $5 million.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kagin's Inc., a numismatics firm, announced it had authenticated the photo earlier this month. The 4-inch-by-5-inch tintype shows Billy the Kid in the summer of 1878. It may have been taken at a wedding, and he is alongside several members of his gang, The Regulators, according to the firm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10718705\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10718705\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/BTKdetail-800x687.jpg\" alt=\"A detail of Billy the Kid (L) in the original tintype.\" width=\"800\" height=\"687\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/BTKdetail-800x687.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/BTKdetail-400x344.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/BTKdetail-1440x1237.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/BTKdetail.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/BTKdetail-1180x1013.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/BTKdetail-960x825.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A detail of Billy the Kid (L) in the original tintype. \u003ccite>(Courtesy of Kagins.com)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>In a \u003ca href=\"http://kagins.com/\">statement\u003c/a>, Kagin's senior numismatist, David McCarthy, said it took more than a year of careful inspection before the firm would confirm the photo's authenticity.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"When we first saw the photograph, we were understandably skeptical — an original Billy the Kid photo is the Holy Grail of Western Americana. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We had to be certain that we could answer and verify where, when, how and why this photograph was taken. Simple resemblance is not enough in a case like this — a team of experts had to be assembled to address each and every detail in the photo to insure that nothing was out of place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After more than a year of methodical study including my own inspection of the site, there is now overwhelming evidence of the image's authenticity.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The only other known photo of the outlaw was taken in 1880 in Fort Sumner, N.M. That photo, a 2-inch-by-3-inch tintype, pulled in $2.3 million in 2010, according to Kagin's.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Billy the Kid, whose \u003ca href=\"http://www.britannica.com/biography/Billy-the-Kid-American-outlaw\">real name\u003c/a> may have been Henry McCarty (he also used the alias William H. Bonney), has remained part of American frontier folklore for generations. He was a famous thief and gunfighter who was captured and sentenced to death but escaped prison after killing two guards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Legend has it that he killed 21 men, one for each year of his life. However, according to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.newmexico.org/true-history/#article75744\">New Mexico Tourism Department\u003c/a>, the number was actually nine: four that he was solely responsible for, including the two guards, and five he helped dispatch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Billy the Kid was eventually tracked down and killed by Sheriff Pat Garrett at Fort Sumner in 1881.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=%242+Photo+Found+At+Junk+Store+Has+Billy+the+Kid+In+It%2C+Could+Be+Worth+%245+Million&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/p>\n\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>Like most freshmen at the University of Southern California, 18-year-old Jake Olson is learning to navigate the large campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So is his guide dog, Quebec, a smiling golden Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're a team,\" Olson says. \"We get from point A to point B. He makes sure I go to class.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To class — and to football practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a young and dedicated fan of the USC football team, Olson dreamed that one day he would wear the Trojan jersey. But Olson's journey would be different from the journeys of most young boys who have shared those hopes: He lost his eyesight at age 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, at 6-foot-4, he's a walk-on long snapper for the Trojans. That's the player who delivers the perfect spiral that's converted to a punt or field goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it's \"a position where no one notices you until you mess up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guards and tackles protect him, and for now, Olson wears a yellow no-contact jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Wish: To Watch USC Football\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's come a long way since his childhood in Huntington Beach, where Olson remembers growing up \"watching USC dominate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those players were my heroes, and they were really people I looked up to and admired, and strived to be,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olson was born with retinoblastoma, a cancer of the retina. He lost his left eye when he was 10 months old. And when he was 12, his family learned he would need another surgery to remove his right eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just the fear of knowing you have 80 more years ahead of you without sight ... that was scary to me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before losing his sight, Olson had one wish: to watch as much USC football as possible. Pete Carroll, the Trojans coach at the time, heard about the young fan and invited him to attend practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10716797\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10716797\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/USCSnaps-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Jake Olson, in the yellow jersey, snaps the football on the USC practice field. The 18-year-old lost his sight at age 12, and now is a walk-on reserve long snapper for the USC Trojans.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/USCSnaps-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/USCSnaps-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/USCSnaps-1440x959.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/USCSnaps.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/USCSnaps-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/USCSnaps-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jake Olson, in the yellow jersey, snaps the football on the USC practice field. The 18-year-old lost his sight at age 12, and now is a walk-on reserve long snapper for the USC Trojans. \u003ccite>(Gloria Hillard/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Little did I know that he intended to bring me into pre-practice meetings and have me meet the team and eat dinner with the team and come to multiple practices and travel with the team,\" Olson recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was that experience, he says, that inspired him to try out for his high school football team. He eventually earned a starting position as a long snapper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reid Budrovich, a backup punter for USC, played against Olson in high school. Budrovich says he never knew his opponent couldn't see; all he remembered was that the tall snapper had a perfect aim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's almost humbling just thinking about how much he's gone through to get where he is today,\" Budrovich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Take Hits And Get Back Up'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before each play, a teammate leads Olson to the field. On a recent day, it's Conner Sullivan's turn to take Olson by the shoulders, walk him out to the line of scrimmage, and make sure his shoulders and feet are lined up properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan, who is a holder on place kicks, then steps back 7 yards, gets into position and yells to Olson that he's ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's when Olson, who's a reserve player, snaps the ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just want to compete out there and play to my abilities,\" he says. \"If one day that's good enough to start, so be it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if he does deliver a game-day snap?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's going to be an incredible moment for me, for Jake, for everyone,\" says Emma Olson, Jake's twin sister, who also attends USC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I go to all the games, I've been to every single game,\" Emma Olson says. \"I've just never seen him more joyful. It was amazing to see that smile on his face.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olson says he has thought about whether he would be on the field today without the encouragement he received. He does know it's his turn to inspire others who have gone through adversity — especially kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That just because something happens, it doesn't mean it should stop you,\" Olson says. \"It's important to keep fighting and just take hits and get back up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just before he lost his sight, a 12-year-old Jake Olson stood on these sidelines. Now, he takes his place on the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Like most freshmen at the University of Southern California, 18-year-old Jake Olson is learning to navigate the large campus.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So is his guide dog, Quebec, a smiling golden Lab.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We're a team,\" Olson says. \"We get from point A to point B. He makes sure I go to class.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To class — and to football practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As a young and dedicated fan of the USC football team, Olson dreamed that one day he would wear the Trojan jersey. But Olson's journey would be different from the journeys of most young boys who have shared those hopes: He lost his eyesight at age 12.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, at 6-foot-4, he's a walk-on long snapper for the Trojans. That's the player who delivers the perfect spiral that's converted to a punt or field goal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it's \"a position where no one notices you until you mess up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Guards and tackles protect him, and for now, Olson wears a yellow no-contact jersey.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>One Wish: To Watch USC Football\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's come a long way since his childhood in Huntington Beach, where Olson remembers growing up \"watching USC dominate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Those players were my heroes, and they were really people I looked up to and admired, and strived to be,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olson was born with retinoblastoma, a cancer of the retina. He lost his left eye when he was 10 months old. And when he was 12, his family learned he would need another surgery to remove his right eye.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Just the fear of knowing you have 80 more years ahead of you without sight ... that was scary to me,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before losing his sight, Olson had one wish: to watch as much USC football as possible. Pete Carroll, the Trojans coach at the time, heard about the young fan and invited him to attend practice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10716797\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10716797\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/USCSnaps-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Jake Olson, in the yellow jersey, snaps the football on the USC practice field. The 18-year-old lost his sight at age 12, and now is a walk-on reserve long snapper for the USC Trojans.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/USCSnaps-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/USCSnaps-400x266.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/USCSnaps-1440x959.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/USCSnaps.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/USCSnaps-1180x785.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/USCSnaps-960x639.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Jake Olson, in the yellow jersey, snaps the football on the USC practice field. The 18-year-old lost his sight at age 12, and now is a walk-on reserve long snapper for the USC Trojans. \u003ccite>(Gloria Hillard/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"Little did I know that he intended to bring me into pre-practice meetings and have me meet the team and eat dinner with the team and come to multiple practices and travel with the team,\" Olson recalls.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It was that experience, he says, that inspired him to try out for his high school football team. He eventually earned a starting position as a long snapper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Reid Budrovich, a backup punter for USC, played against Olson in high school. Budrovich says he never knew his opponent couldn't see; all he remembered was that the tall snapper had a perfect aim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's almost humbling just thinking about how much he's gone through to get where he is today,\" Budrovich says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'Take Hits And Get Back Up'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Before each play, a teammate leads Olson to the field. On a recent day, it's Conner Sullivan's turn to take Olson by the shoulders, walk him out to the line of scrimmage, and make sure his shoulders and feet are lined up properly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sullivan, who is a holder on place kicks, then steps back 7 yards, gets into position and yells to Olson that he's ready.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's when Olson, who's a reserve player, snaps the ball.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I just want to compete out there and play to my abilities,\" he says. \"If one day that's good enough to start, so be it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And if he does deliver a game-day snap?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's going to be an incredible moment for me, for Jake, for everyone,\" says Emma Olson, Jake's twin sister, who also attends USC.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I go to all the games, I've been to every single game,\" Emma Olson says. \"I've just never seen him more joyful. It was amazing to see that smile on his face.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Olson says he has thought about whether he would be on the field today without the encouragement he received. He does know it's his turn to inspire others who have gone through adversity — especially kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That just because something happens, it doesn't mean it should stop you,\" Olson says. \"It's important to keep fighting and just take hits and get back up.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Just before he lost his sight, a 12-year-old Jake Olson stood on these sidelines. Now, he takes his place on the field.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Is Kevin McCarthy Still a 'Bakersfield Boy'?",
"title": "Is Kevin McCarthy Still a 'Bakersfield Boy'?",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 9:35 a.m. Thursday, Oct. 8:\u003c/strong> Rep. Kevin McCarthy has withdrawn from the race for speaker of the House. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/08/mccarthy-drops-out-of-speaker-race-throwing-gop-leadership-into-chaos\" target=\"_blank\">More details.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> Republicans in the U.S. House will take an initial vote Thursday on who they think should replace John Boehner as speaker of the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utah Rep. Jason Chaffetz recently announced his candidacy for speaker, but the front-runner for the job is current House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, a Republican from Bakersfield, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And McCarthy's roots in California's Central Valley provide some clues about how McCarthy might run the House, if he's elected speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to locals, one of McCarthy's favorite lunch spots in Bakersfield is Luigi's, a more than 100-year-old Italian restaurant and grocery. On a recent weekday, people enjoying lunch at Luigi's said they knew McCarthy well, and most referred to him not as \"the congressman,\" but as \"Kevin.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Kevin was just another parent in the stands that was rooting for our team,\" said Gary Toschi, who got to know McCarthy when he coached the now-majority leader's son in baseball. \"He wasn't a hardcore fan — 'Everything's OK, as long as my kid bats fourth, plays shortstop!' — No he wasn't like that at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10711019\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10711019\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1271-edit-96ff153138564602c04745a7ed599b6ce825024b-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Gino Valpredo owns Luigi's, a popular Italian restaurant in Bakersfield frequented by Rep. McCarthy. Patrons say McCarthy is very popular in town, and nearly everyone calls him by his first name.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1271-edit-96ff153138564602c04745a7ed599b6ce825024b-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1271-edit-96ff153138564602c04745a7ed599b6ce825024b-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1271-edit-96ff153138564602c04745a7ed599b6ce825024b-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1271-edit-96ff153138564602c04745a7ed599b6ce825024b-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1271-edit-96ff153138564602c04745a7ed599b6ce825024b-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1271-edit-96ff153138564602c04745a7ed599b6ce825024b-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gino Valpredo owns Luigi's, a popular Italian restaurant in Bakersfield frequented by Rep. McCarthy. Patrons say McCarthy is very popular in town, and nearly everyone calls him by his first name. \u003ccite>(Becky Sullivan/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like a lot of people in Bakersfield, Toschi works in agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry Smith works in the other main industry in Bakersfield — he's an oil and gas consultant. He says the working people here like Kevin McCarthy, who he says is no fluff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I call him 'Kevin' when I see him and shake his hand,\" says Smith. \"He came from here. He's a Bakersfield boy. I mean, he's one of us. And I don't think he's changed now just because he's in Washington.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Immigration Politics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarthy is popular with many people in Bakersfield who know him, but not with everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of immigration reform say McCarthy hasn't done enough to clear a pathway to citizenship for millions of immigrants in the U.S. illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They point to comprehensive immigration reform that passed the Senate in 2013, but that Republican leaders like McCarthy and Boehner failed to bring up for a vote in the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalo Santos, a California State University, Bakersfield professor and immigration activist, has been a strong critic of McCarthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have had a continuous process of petitions, of marches, of rallies, of every conceivable effort to reach him,\" said Santos. \"His district is one-third Latino, this county is over half Latino, and he doesn't respond. He doesn't engage. He does not commit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10711020\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10711020\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1256-edit_slide-325fd64c32d85524da1621869457f6b7a25ca671-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Marichel Mejia, an organizer with the United Farm Workers Foundation based in Bakersfield, has pushed McCarthy to support immigration reform. The large agriculture community and Latino population have influenced the district's immigration politics.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1256-edit_slide-325fd64c32d85524da1621869457f6b7a25ca671-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1256-edit_slide-325fd64c32d85524da1621869457f6b7a25ca671-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1256-edit_slide-325fd64c32d85524da1621869457f6b7a25ca671-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1256-edit_slide-325fd64c32d85524da1621869457f6b7a25ca671-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1256-edit_slide-325fd64c32d85524da1621869457f6b7a25ca671-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1256-edit_slide-325fd64c32d85524da1621869457f6b7a25ca671-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marichel Mejia, an organizer with the United Farm Workers Foundation based in Bakersfield, has pushed McCarthy to support immigration reform. The large agriculture community and Latino population have influenced the district's immigration politics. \u003ccite>(Becky Sullivan/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And the United Farm Workers Foundation based in Bakersfield has pushed McCarthy to support immigration reform, including with a UFW postcard campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the politics of immigration reform are different than at the national level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly all the people who work the farms that power this district are immigrants, many of them in the country illegally. Many farm owners support some kind of immigration reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even conservative Republicans here believe that deporting millions of immigrants is not an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm considered one of the most conservative state assembly people in the state of California — they call me sometimes a 'Tea Party Darling,'\" said California State Assemblywoman Shannon Grove, who is also a McCarthy supporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grove said she does not back a pathway to citizenship for people in the country illegally, but does support a form of legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to protect our borders first,\" said Grove. \"But I think that the people that are here illegally we need to deal with in a compassionate way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, Kevin McCarthy \u003ca href=\"http://www.bakersfieldnow.com/news/local/Kevin-McCarthy-legalize-the-undocumented-241416951.html\" target=\"_blank\">has said he favors\u003c/a> legal status for immigrants that could protect them from being deported, but not a pathway to full citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skeptical Tea Party Conservatives\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second group that McCarthy has to please is the Tea Party conservatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are skeptical about whether McCarthy will make compromises if he becomes the House speaker, like current speaker John Boehner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or if McCarthy will hold the conservative line, like he did when he first got to Congress in 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I joke with him, I've started a new hashtag called #BringBackTheOldKevin,\" says Tom Pavich, a local Tea Party leader and organic grape grower. \"[It's] not quite trending yet, but I'm working on it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The person he calls \"the old Kevin McCarthy\" once had a \u003ca href=\"http://acuratings.conservative.org/acu-ratings-chart/?UID=8050\" target=\"_blank\">perfect rating\u003c/a> on his voting record from the American Conservative Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since joining the House leadership in 2009, Pavich said McCarthy's had to compromise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the question that looms over McCarthy. How would he please the most conservative members of the party?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analysts say that was something John Boehner never figured out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Beene, president and CEO of local newspaper the \u003cem>Bakersfield Californian, \u003c/em>said an important thing to remember is that McCarthy was once a staffer for Republican Bill Thomas, who used to represent Bakersfield in Congress and chaired the powerful House Ways and Means Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Bill Thomas was extremely, extremely bright,\" says Beene. \"He was known as one of the brightest guys in the House, but maybe as also one of the meanest guys. And Kevin is neither of those things ... he always says, 'I may not be the smartest guy in the room. But I will be the hardest working guy in the room.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beene says one thing McCarthy did learn from Thomas is how to build consensus. And that is not in line with the Tea Party tactic of blocking legislation on principle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His voting record would certainly pass any conservative's litmus test,\" says Beene. \"But I think that his internal drive is to make things happen. He's not an obstructionist at heart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarthy declined NPR's request for an interview. Republicans will nominate a candidate for House speaker on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2015 \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/itsallpolitics/2015/10/07/446602115/now-frontrunner-for-house-speaker-kevin-mccarthy-is-still-a-bakersfield-boy\" target=\"_blank\">NPR\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "Many of McCarthy's Bakersfield constituents like him, but he's riled some Latinos over immigration and been criticized by conservatives for compromising.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update, 9:35 a.m. Thursday, Oct. 8:\u003c/strong> Rep. Kevin McCarthy has withdrawn from the race for speaker of the House. \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/10/08/mccarthy-drops-out-of-speaker-race-throwing-gop-leadership-into-chaos\" target=\"_blank\">More details.\u003c/a>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Original post:\u003c/strong> Republicans in the U.S. House will take an initial vote Thursday on who they think should replace John Boehner as speaker of the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Utah Rep. Jason Chaffetz recently announced his candidacy for speaker, but the front-runner for the job is current House Majority Leader Kevin McCarthy, a Republican from Bakersfield, Calif.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And McCarthy's roots in California's Central Valley provide some clues about how McCarthy might run the House, if he's elected speaker.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to locals, one of McCarthy's favorite lunch spots in Bakersfield is Luigi's, a more than 100-year-old Italian restaurant and grocery. On a recent weekday, people enjoying lunch at Luigi's said they knew McCarthy well, and most referred to him not as \"the congressman,\" but as \"Kevin.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Kevin was just another parent in the stands that was rooting for our team,\" said Gary Toschi, who got to know McCarthy when he coached the now-majority leader's son in baseball. \"He wasn't a hardcore fan — 'Everything's OK, as long as my kid bats fourth, plays shortstop!' — No he wasn't like that at all.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10711019\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10711019\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1271-edit-96ff153138564602c04745a7ed599b6ce825024b-800x600.jpg\" alt=\"Gino Valpredo owns Luigi's, a popular Italian restaurant in Bakersfield frequented by Rep. McCarthy. Patrons say McCarthy is very popular in town, and nearly everyone calls him by his first name.\" width=\"800\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1271-edit-96ff153138564602c04745a7ed599b6ce825024b-800x600.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1271-edit-96ff153138564602c04745a7ed599b6ce825024b-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1271-edit-96ff153138564602c04745a7ed599b6ce825024b-1440x1080.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1271-edit-96ff153138564602c04745a7ed599b6ce825024b-1920x1440.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1271-edit-96ff153138564602c04745a7ed599b6ce825024b-1180x885.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1271-edit-96ff153138564602c04745a7ed599b6ce825024b-960x720.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Gino Valpredo owns Luigi's, a popular Italian restaurant in Bakersfield frequented by Rep. McCarthy. Patrons say McCarthy is very popular in town, and nearly everyone calls him by his first name. \u003ccite>(Becky Sullivan/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Like a lot of people in Bakersfield, Toschi works in agriculture.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Terry Smith works in the other main industry in Bakersfield — he's an oil and gas consultant. He says the working people here like Kevin McCarthy, who he says is no fluff.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I call him 'Kevin' when I see him and shake his hand,\" says Smith. \"He came from here. He's a Bakersfield boy. I mean, he's one of us. And I don't think he's changed now just because he's in Washington.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Immigration Politics\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarthy is popular with many people in Bakersfield who know him, but not with everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Proponents of immigration reform say McCarthy hasn't done enough to clear a pathway to citizenship for millions of immigrants in the U.S. illegally.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They point to comprehensive immigration reform that passed the Senate in 2013, but that Republican leaders like McCarthy and Boehner failed to bring up for a vote in the House.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gonzalo Santos, a California State University, Bakersfield professor and immigration activist, has been a strong critic of McCarthy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have had a continuous process of petitions, of marches, of rallies, of every conceivable effort to reach him,\" said Santos. \"His district is one-third Latino, this county is over half Latino, and he doesn't respond. He doesn't engage. He does not commit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10711020\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10711020\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1256-edit_slide-325fd64c32d85524da1621869457f6b7a25ca671-800x533.jpg\" alt=\"Marichel Mejia, an organizer with the United Farm Workers Foundation based in Bakersfield, has pushed McCarthy to support immigration reform. The large agriculture community and Latino population have influenced the district's immigration politics.\" width=\"800\" height=\"533\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1256-edit_slide-325fd64c32d85524da1621869457f6b7a25ca671-800x533.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1256-edit_slide-325fd64c32d85524da1621869457f6b7a25ca671-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1256-edit_slide-325fd64c32d85524da1621869457f6b7a25ca671-1440x960.jpg 1440w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1256-edit_slide-325fd64c32d85524da1621869457f6b7a25ca671-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1256-edit_slide-325fd64c32d85524da1621869457f6b7a25ca671-1180x787.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2015/10/dsc_1256-edit_slide-325fd64c32d85524da1621869457f6b7a25ca671-960x640.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marichel Mejia, an organizer with the United Farm Workers Foundation based in Bakersfield, has pushed McCarthy to support immigration reform. The large agriculture community and Latino population have influenced the district's immigration politics. \u003ccite>(Becky Sullivan/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>And the United Farm Workers Foundation based in Bakersfield has pushed McCarthy to support immigration reform, including with a UFW postcard campaign.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In California, the politics of immigration reform are different than at the national level.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nearly all the people who work the farms that power this district are immigrants, many of them in the country illegally. Many farm owners support some kind of immigration reform.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And even conservative Republicans here believe that deporting millions of immigrants is not an option.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I'm considered one of the most conservative state assembly people in the state of California — they call me sometimes a 'Tea Party Darling,'\" said California State Assemblywoman Shannon Grove, who is also a McCarthy supporter.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grove said she does not back a pathway to citizenship for people in the country illegally, but does support a form of legal status.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We need to protect our borders first,\" said Grove. \"But I think that the people that are here illegally we need to deal with in a compassionate way.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the past, Kevin McCarthy \u003ca href=\"http://www.bakersfieldnow.com/news/local/Kevin-McCarthy-legalize-the-undocumented-241416951.html\" target=\"_blank\">has said he favors\u003c/a> legal status for immigrants that could protect them from being deported, but not a pathway to full citizenship.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Skeptical Tea Party Conservatives\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The second group that McCarthy has to please is the Tea Party conservatives.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are skeptical about whether McCarthy will make compromises if he becomes the House speaker, like current speaker John Boehner.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Or if McCarthy will hold the conservative line, like he did when he first got to Congress in 2007.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I joke with him, I've started a new hashtag called #BringBackTheOldKevin,\" says Tom Pavich, a local Tea Party leader and organic grape grower. \"[It's] not quite trending yet, but I'm working on it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The person he calls \"the old Kevin McCarthy\" once had a \u003ca href=\"http://acuratings.conservative.org/acu-ratings-chart/?UID=8050\" target=\"_blank\">perfect rating\u003c/a> on his voting record from the American Conservative Union.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But since joining the House leadership in 2009, Pavich said McCarthy's had to compromise.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's the question that looms over McCarthy. How would he please the most conservative members of the party?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Analysts say that was something John Boehner never figured out.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Richard Beene, president and CEO of local newspaper the \u003cem>Bakersfield Californian, \u003c/em>said an important thing to remember is that McCarthy was once a staffer for Republican Bill Thomas, who used to represent Bakersfield in Congress and chaired the powerful House Ways and Means Committee.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Bill Thomas was extremely, extremely bright,\" says Beene. \"He was known as one of the brightest guys in the House, but maybe as also one of the meanest guys. And Kevin is neither of those things ... he always says, 'I may not be the smartest guy in the room. But I will be the hardest working guy in the room.'\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Beene says one thing McCarthy did learn from Thomas is how to build consensus. And that is not in line with the Tea Party tactic of blocking legislation on principle.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"His voting record would certainly pass any conservative's litmus test,\" says Beene. \"But I think that his internal drive is to make things happen. He's not an obstructionist at heart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>McCarthy declined NPR's request for an interview. Republicans will nominate a candidate for House speaker on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "Jack Larson, Jimmy Olsen From Early 'Superman' Show, Dies",
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"content": "\u003cp>The man who made a mark in Baby Boom America as a cub reporter has died: Actor Jack Larson, who played a sidekick to Superman's alter ego Clark Kent at the fictional Daily Planet newspaper, was 87.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actor and playwright died at his home in the Los Angeles community of Brentwood, according to \u003ca href=\"http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/09/21/actor-playwright-jack-larson-dies-at-87/\">CBS Los Angeles\u003c/a>, \u003cem>Variety \u003c/em>and multiple news outlets. A cause of death was not mentioned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larson rose to prominence in the 1950s, when \"The Adventures of Superman\" sidetracked his dreams of being a stage actor on Broadway. The runaway success of that show, starring George Reeves, made it hard for Larson to find new work; he eventually found success in writing plays and librettos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/21/arts/television/jack-larson-a-playwright-better-known-as-jimmy-olsen-in-superman-dies-at-87.html\">The New York Times\u003c/a> reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Although Mr. Larson was pleased that Jimmy Olsen developed into a comic role, his fears of being typecast were realized. After a particularly upsetting encounter with the producer Mervyn LeRoy, he was advised by the actor Montgomery Clift, with whom Mr. Larson was having a romantic relationship, to stop putting himself in those casting situations. So Mr. Larson gave up acting and made a new career.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>That new career saw Larson write librettos and plays, including \"The Candied House\" (1966) and \"Chuck\" (1968), as well as helping produce films such as \"Perfect\" (1985) and \"Bright Lights, Big City\" (1988). On both plays and films, he often collaborated with his longtime partner, James Bridges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In turning to writing, Larson was also returning to the thing that had first brought him to the world of theater, when his instructors at Pasadena Junior College encouraged him to write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in Los Angeles in 1928, Larson grew up in the Los Angeles suburb of Montebello. His mother worked as a Western Union clerk, and his father drove a milk truck and bowled -- something he passed along to his son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.supermanhomepage.com/tv/tv.php?topic=cast-crew/jack-larson\">Superman Homepage\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"While he did not enjoy school, Larson did like to bowl. By the age of 14, he had become the California state champion for his age group and was good enough to think that he would eventually turn professional. But, in the fall of 1945, Larson enrolled in the Pasadena Junior College (now known as Pasadena City College), an event that would drastically change his life. Larson said, 'My instructors discovered that I had a gift for writing and motivated me to write plays, and to be in plays as well.'\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>When he first started auditioning for parts in film studio projects, Larson later recounted, he lost out on one early job (portraying a kid on a bike) to a young woman who would go on to be a star.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Marilyn Monroe got that part. It was her first part,\" he said in an interview for David Poland's \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AA7n8Xszg08\">Oral History of Hollywood\u003c/a>\" series. With a laugh, he added, \"We wonder how she got it. But they changed it from a boy on a bicycle to a girl on a bicycle.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1990s, Larson appeared in episodes of \"Superboy\" and \"Lois and Clark: The New Adventures of Superman.\" In the latter, he portrayed an older version of Jimmy Olsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Jack+Larson%2C+Jimmy+Olsen+From+%27Superman%27+TV+Shows%2C+Dies&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The man who made a mark in Baby Boom America as a cub reporter has died: Actor Jack Larson, who played a sidekick to Superman's alter ego Clark Kent at the fictional Daily Planet newspaper, was 87.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The actor and playwright died at his home in the Los Angeles community of Brentwood, according to \u003ca href=\"http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2015/09/21/actor-playwright-jack-larson-dies-at-87/\">CBS Los Angeles\u003c/a>, \u003cem>Variety \u003c/em>and multiple news outlets. A cause of death was not mentioned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Larson rose to prominence in the 1950s, when \"The Adventures of Superman\" sidetracked his dreams of being a stage actor on Broadway. The runaway success of that show, starring George Reeves, made it hard for Larson to find new work; he eventually found success in writing plays and librettos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/09/21/arts/television/jack-larson-a-playwright-better-known-as-jimmy-olsen-in-superman-dies-at-87.html\">The New York Times\u003c/a> reports:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Although Mr. Larson was pleased that Jimmy Olsen developed into a comic role, his fears of being typecast were realized. After a particularly upsetting encounter with the producer Mervyn LeRoy, he was advised by the actor Montgomery Clift, with whom Mr. Larson was having a romantic relationship, to stop putting himself in those casting situations. So Mr. Larson gave up acting and made a new career.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>That new career saw Larson write librettos and plays, including \"The Candied House\" (1966) and \"Chuck\" (1968), as well as helping produce films such as \"Perfect\" (1985) and \"Bright Lights, Big City\" (1988). On both plays and films, he often collaborated with his longtime partner, James Bridges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In turning to writing, Larson was also returning to the thing that had first brought him to the world of theater, when his instructors at Pasadena Junior College encouraged him to write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Born in Los Angeles in 1928, Larson grew up in the Los Angeles suburb of Montebello. His mother worked as a Western Union clerk, and his father drove a milk truck and bowled -- something he passed along to his son.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the \u003ca href=\"http://www.supermanhomepage.com/tv/tv.php?topic=cast-crew/jack-larson\">Superman Homepage\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"While he did not enjoy school, Larson did like to bowl. By the age of 14, he had become the California state champion for his age group and was good enough to think that he would eventually turn professional. But, in the fall of 1945, Larson enrolled in the Pasadena Junior College (now known as Pasadena City College), an event that would drastically change his life. Larson said, 'My instructors discovered that I had a gift for writing and motivated me to write plays, and to be in plays as well.'\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>When he first started auditioning for parts in film studio projects, Larson later recounted, he lost out on one early job (portraying a kid on a bike) to a young woman who would go on to be a star.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Marilyn Monroe got that part. It was her first part,\" he said in an interview for David Poland's \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AA7n8Xszg08\">Oral History of Hollywood\u003c/a>\" series. With a laugh, he added, \"We wonder how she got it. But they changed it from a boy on a bicycle to a girl on a bicycle.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In the 1990s, Larson appeared in episodes of \"Superboy\" and \"Lois and Clark: The New Adventures of Superman.\" In the latter, he portrayed an older version of Jimmy Olsen.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Jack+Larson%2C+Jimmy+Olsen+From+%27Superman%27+TV+Shows%2C+Dies&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Squeezed by Drought, Some California Farmers Switch to Less Thirsty Crops",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Water scarcity is driving California farmers to plant different crops. Growers are switching to more profitable, less thirsty fruits, vegetables and nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowhere is this truer than San Diego County, where water prices are some of the highest in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grapefruit trees shade the entrance to Triple B Ranches winery in northern San Diego County. The tasting room is a converted kitchen festooned with country knickknacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debbie Broomell runs the boutique winery with her father, Gary. Their quaint vineyard is only a few years old. For three generations, the Broomells have grown citrus. But it's been hard to stay in the black growing oranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With the water problems and all the things that are going on, we're looking for something that takes a little less water, and grapes seem to be it,\" says Gary Broomell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/426886645/427018754\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adds Debbie, \"It's all trying to just kind of keep farming. How do you keep farming?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The price of water in the area has more than doubled in recent years. But vineyards require 25 percent less water than citrus. As a result, the number of wineries in San Diego County has tripled during the same time period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the savings might not be enough to ensure survival for the Broomells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debbie points to a shallow well in the middle of some grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Dad's been cranking it down,\" she says, \"because the water table's been dropping. We're keeping our fingers crossed that [the wells] can kind of keep producing through the summer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary throws up his hands to the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We still got July, August, September, October. You know?\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the drought doesn't end soon, Gary says they'll likely have to pull out of citrus altogether. He says he's looking into persimmons as another alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Larson from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdfarmbureau.org/Contact/ContactUs.php\">San Diego County Farm Bureau\u003c/a> takes me on a drive nearby through the San Pasqual Valley. Historically, citrus and avocados have been the two leading crops in north San Diego County. But several thousand acres of citrus and more than 10,000 acres of avocados have been taken out of production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You end up driving by these 400-acre citrus groves that are just abandoned,\" Larson says. Abandoned, he says, because \"they've turned the water off.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, like the Broomells, not all farmers are giving up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers are switching to nurseries or planting unusual crops like pomegranates. Larson points to a field of dragonfruit -- it \"uses very, very little water,\" says Larson. \"I guess I could best describe it as a cactus with fruit on it. [Farmers] are getting a lot of money per pound.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it's important to remember that not long ago, avocados were a specialty crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And it was hard to sell those things. They were called alligator pears. People didn't know what they were,\" explains Larson. \"They got two to three cents a pound for them.\" But, he says, the avocado's popularity exploded as the country's Latino population grew, and more and more Mexican restaurants opened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://are.ucdavis.edu/en/people/faculty/daniel-sumner/#pk_campaign=short-name-redirect&pk_kwd=sumner\">Daniel Sumner\u003c/a>, an economist at the University of California, Davis, says the drought is intensifying a trend that was already unfolding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The context is that what we produce in California has been changing for 200 years,\" Sumner says. \"You go back 140 years ago, California was the second-biggest wheat state in the country. The Central Valley was dry land, wheat farming. We were second to Kansas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As late as the 1980s, California was a leading cotton producer at 1.5 million acres. This year's cotton crop is expected to be about a tenth of that. Sumner says in today's market, cotton farmers can't make ends meet, so they're switching to almonds, pistachios or wine grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though water-thirsty crops like almonds are under scrutiny, Sumner expects dry times and high water prices to continue to push California's farmland away from row crops and pasture, and toward higher-value orchards and vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 Capital Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org\">http://www.capradio.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Squeezed+By+Drought%2C+California+Farmers+Switch+To+Less+Thirsty+Crops&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Water scarcity is driving California farmers to plant different crops. Growers are switching to more profitable, less thirsty fruits, vegetables and nuts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Nowhere is this truer than San Diego County, where water prices are some of the highest in the state.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Grapefruit trees shade the entrance to Triple B Ranches winery in northern San Diego County. The tasting room is a converted kitchen festooned with country knickknacks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debbie Broomell runs the boutique winery with her father, Gary. Their quaint vineyard is only a few years old. For three generations, the Broomells have grown citrus. But it's been hard to stay in the black growing oranges.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"With the water problems and all the things that are going on, we're looking for something that takes a little less water, and grapes seem to be it,\" says Gary Broomell.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/426886645/427018754\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Adds Debbie, \"It's all trying to just kind of keep farming. How do you keep farming?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The price of water in the area has more than doubled in recent years. But vineyards require 25 percent less water than citrus. As a result, the number of wineries in San Diego County has tripled during the same time period.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the savings might not be enough to ensure survival for the Broomells.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Debbie points to a shallow well in the middle of some grapevines.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Dad's been cranking it down,\" she says, \"because the water table's been dropping. We're keeping our fingers crossed that [the wells] can kind of keep producing through the summer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gary throws up his hands to the sky.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We still got July, August, September, October. You know?\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If the drought doesn't end soon, Gary says they'll likely have to pull out of citrus altogether. He says he's looking into persimmons as another alternative.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Eric Larson from the \u003ca href=\"http://www.sdfarmbureau.org/Contact/ContactUs.php\">San Diego County Farm Bureau\u003c/a> takes me on a drive nearby through the San Pasqual Valley. Historically, citrus and avocados have been the two leading crops in north San Diego County. But several thousand acres of citrus and more than 10,000 acres of avocados have been taken out of production.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You end up driving by these 400-acre citrus groves that are just abandoned,\" Larson says. Abandoned, he says, because \"they've turned the water off.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, like the Broomells, not all farmers are giving up.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Farmers are switching to nurseries or planting unusual crops like pomegranates. Larson points to a field of dragonfruit -- it \"uses very, very little water,\" says Larson. \"I guess I could best describe it as a cactus with fruit on it. [Farmers] are getting a lot of money per pound.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He says it's important to remember that not long ago, avocados were a specialty crop.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And it was hard to sell those things. They were called alligator pears. People didn't know what they were,\" explains Larson. \"They got two to three cents a pound for them.\" But, he says, the avocado's popularity exploded as the country's Latino population grew, and more and more Mexican restaurants opened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://are.ucdavis.edu/en/people/faculty/daniel-sumner/#pk_campaign=short-name-redirect&pk_kwd=sumner\">Daniel Sumner\u003c/a>, an economist at the University of California, Davis, says the drought is intensifying a trend that was already unfolding.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The context is that what we produce in California has been changing for 200 years,\" Sumner says. \"You go back 140 years ago, California was the second-biggest wheat state in the country. The Central Valley was dry land, wheat farming. We were second to Kansas.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As late as the 1980s, California was a leading cotton producer at 1.5 million acres. This year's cotton crop is expected to be about a tenth of that. Sumner says in today's market, cotton farmers can't make ends meet, so they're switching to almonds, pistachios or wine grapes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But even though water-thirsty crops like almonds are under scrutiny, Sumner expects dry times and high water prices to continue to push California's farmland away from row crops and pasture, and toward higher-value orchards and vineyards.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 Capital Public Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.capradio.org\">http://www.capradio.org\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Squeezed+By+Drought%2C+California+Farmers+Switch+To+Less+Thirsty+Crops&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "In Los Angeles, the 'Swim Whisperer' Makes Kids at Home in the Water",
"title": "In Los Angeles, the 'Swim Whisperer' Makes Kids at Home in the Water",
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"content": "\u003cp>If you looked at the children at the edge of Conrad Cooper's pool, you'd think you were watching an ad for something. Jell-O, maybe. Or a breakfast cereal kids like. They're that cute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're lined up on the steps in the shallow end, 10 little ones, ranging from ages 2 to 5. The boys are in board trunks, many wearing rash-guard shirts like the weekend surfers they might become years from now. The girls wear bright one-piece suits and two-pieces that show their childish potbellies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are a rainbow tribe: black, Asian, white, biracial. And every eye is trained on the large man in the middle of the pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conrad Cooper has been teaching little kids (and some adults) to swim for 20 years now. His business, Swim to Me, operates out of his pool in the View Park neighborhood of Los Angeles. He has taught kids who scream with fright at being put in the water, and adults who never thought they'd ever be able to swim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/425617386/427018784\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His families come from around the corner and across the ocean, because word of his effectiveness travels. \"He does not fool around,\" parents will tell you, \"but it works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not a method that works for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you think this is someplace you can come and do monkey-walking by the side of the pool and sing songs ... you're in the wrong class,\" Cooper says. A tall brown man with sun-bronzed dreadlocks and Pacific Islander tattoos, Cooper radiates authority, in and out of the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helicopter parents are politely instructed to find a landing place in one of the comfy chairs that ring the large saltwater pool — and stay there. Parents who want Cooper to teach their children have to promise to abide by his rules: They're there to support the method, not to comfort their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sometimes comes as a shock to his students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After two or three times in the pool with me,\" Cooper says, \"they recognize, 'OK, this guy is serious. He's not taking no for an answer. I'm going to do this.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few parents have dropped out over the years. \"We're very clear that it's not for everybody,\" Cooper acknowledges. A slim number find his method too strict and leave. Or never sign up in the first place. But their empty slots are quickly filled by others on a waiting list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lessons are an hour each and run over five days. The cost is a little over $200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooper began teaching in the 1990s, after he and his wife, Londa, bought a home with a pool. They hired someone who taught their niece and several of her friends to swim, and Cooper, who'd been looking to move out of sales work, thought this might be something he could do. In 1995, he began teaching full time, and Swim to Me was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and Londa divide the labor: He teaches, she runs the business, scheduling classes, booking students, keeping everything running smoothly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a relaxed environment. The trees around the pool are hung with chimes that tinkle softly. Light jazz is piped through hidden speakers. Cooper gently instructs and encourages. He sometimes throws in a little etiquette tutoring: \"Conrad, I burped!\" one little boy tells him gleefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You did? Well, what do we say when we burp?\" Cooper asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Um, excuse me?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes, excuse me. Very good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One by one, kids leave the pool stairs and swim over to Cooper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Kick, Logan, c'mon, kick those little legs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Logan McRae, who's wearing swim diapers, puts his little hands into Cooper's big ones. He has powered himself halfway across the pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Atta boy, Logie! Where are you going to swim next?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silently, Logan points at his seated parents, and looks to Cooper for approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're swimming to mommy and daddy?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Logan nods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"OK, then, don't forget to kick!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the first half-hour, the kids get to vary the routine, by jumping off a huge granite rock that's on the side of the pool's deeper end, which causes much hilarity and some parental spritzing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And despite insisting that there's no bubble-blowing or game-playing, when Cooper wades to the shallow end and holds aloft a clutch of plastic toys, the kids squeal with excitement. There's a sea star (\"\u003cem>Not\u003c/em> a starfish!\" Cooper scolds), a stingray and an Ariel from \"The Little Mermaid.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tosses them all in the water. Each child chooses a target, then dives down and emerges, grinning, prize in hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents say they're amazed at the transformation. Meredith Harper points to her daughter, Dove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You see the results. On Monday she couldn't swim,\" Harper says. \"Friday she can swim. It just speaks for itself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caroline Collins says 5-year-old Nate was one of the kids who cried for the first couple of days, but they kept at it. \"And by the end of the week, he was jumping off that rock. And he had no swim experience prior to Conrad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooper says his students don't need prior experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Swimming is the easy part,\" he says. \"It's the trust part that's the most difficult for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he's earned it. His students leave him with hugs, high-fives and kisses. And last year, some of his early students returned with their own children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's rewarding, I love that,\" Cooper says, as he goes out to greet the next class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+%27Swim+Whisperer%27+Teaches+Kids+To+Be+Water-Safe&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>If you looked at the children at the edge of Conrad Cooper's pool, you'd think you were watching an ad for something. Jell-O, maybe. Or a breakfast cereal kids like. They're that cute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're lined up on the steps in the shallow end, 10 little ones, ranging from ages 2 to 5. The boys are in board trunks, many wearing rash-guard shirts like the weekend surfers they might become years from now. The girls wear bright one-piece suits and two-pieces that show their childish potbellies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are a rainbow tribe: black, Asian, white, biracial. And every eye is trained on the large man in the middle of the pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conrad Cooper has been teaching little kids (and some adults) to swim for 20 years now. His business, Swim to Me, operates out of his pool in the View Park neighborhood of Los Angeles. He has taught kids who scream with fright at being put in the water, and adults who never thought they'd ever be able to swim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/425617386/427018784\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His families come from around the corner and across the ocean, because word of his effectiveness travels. \"He does not fool around,\" parents will tell you, \"but it works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not a method that works for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you think this is someplace you can come and do monkey-walking by the side of the pool and sing songs ... you're in the wrong class,\" Cooper says. A tall brown man with sun-bronzed dreadlocks and Pacific Islander tattoos, Cooper radiates authority, in and out of the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helicopter parents are politely instructed to find a landing place in one of the comfy chairs that ring the large saltwater pool — and stay there. Parents who want Cooper to teach their children have to promise to abide by his rules: They're there to support the method, not to comfort their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sometimes comes as a shock to his students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After two or three times in the pool with me,\" Cooper says, \"they recognize, 'OK, this guy is serious. He's not taking no for an answer. I'm going to do this.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few parents have dropped out over the years. \"We're very clear that it's not for everybody,\" Cooper acknowledges. A slim number find his method too strict and leave. Or never sign up in the first place. But their empty slots are quickly filled by others on a waiting list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lessons are an hour each and run over five days. The cost is a little over $200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooper began teaching in the 1990s, after he and his wife, Londa, bought a home with a pool. They hired someone who taught their niece and several of her friends to swim, and Cooper, who'd been looking to move out of sales work, thought this might be something he could do. In 1995, he began teaching full time, and Swim to Me was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and Londa divide the labor: He teaches, she runs the business, scheduling classes, booking students, keeping everything running smoothly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a relaxed environment. The trees around the pool are hung with chimes that tinkle softly. Light jazz is piped through hidden speakers. Cooper gently instructs and encourages. He sometimes throws in a little etiquette tutoring: \"Conrad, I burped!\" one little boy tells him gleefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You did? Well, what do we say when we burp?\" Cooper asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Um, excuse me?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes, excuse me. Very good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One by one, kids leave the pool stairs and swim over to Cooper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Kick, Logan, c'mon, kick those little legs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Logan McRae, who's wearing swim diapers, puts his little hands into Cooper's big ones. He has powered himself halfway across the pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Atta boy, Logie! Where are you going to swim next?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silently, Logan points at his seated parents, and looks to Cooper for approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're swimming to mommy and daddy?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Logan nods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"OK, then, don't forget to kick!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the first half-hour, the kids get to vary the routine, by jumping off a huge granite rock that's on the side of the pool's deeper end, which causes much hilarity and some parental spritzing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And despite insisting that there's no bubble-blowing or game-playing, when Cooper wades to the shallow end and holds aloft a clutch of plastic toys, the kids squeal with excitement. There's a sea star (\"\u003cem>Not\u003c/em> a starfish!\" Cooper scolds), a stingray and an Ariel from \"The Little Mermaid.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tosses them all in the water. Each child chooses a target, then dives down and emerges, grinning, prize in hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents say they're amazed at the transformation. Meredith Harper points to her daughter, Dove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You see the results. On Monday she couldn't swim,\" Harper says. \"Friday she can swim. It just speaks for itself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caroline Collins says 5-year-old Nate was one of the kids who cried for the first couple of days, but they kept at it. \"And by the end of the week, he was jumping off that rock. And he had no swim experience prior to Conrad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooper says his students don't need prior experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Swimming is the easy part,\" he says. \"It's the trust part that's the most difficult for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he's earned it. His students leave him with hugs, high-fives and kisses. And last year, some of his early students returned with their own children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's rewarding, I love that,\" Cooper says, as he goes out to greet the next class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+%27Swim+Whisperer%27+Teaches+Kids+To+Be+Water-Safe&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "How Much the Middle Class Makes -- in the Bay Area and 28 U.S. Cities",
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"content": "\u003cp>\"My family's household income is $250,000 a year, but I promise you I am middle class.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's from a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.michigandaily.com/opinion/02jesse-klein-relative-wealth16\">article in a college newspaper\u003c/a> by a student who grew up in Silicon Valley. And it's the kind of thing you hear pretty often from people who live in expensive parts of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That got us thinking: What do families in the middle of the income distribution actually make in cities around the United States?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/city-distribution-test/child.html\" height=\"1000\" width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About the data: We used the family income data from the 2013 American Community Survey. This counts only families, which the government defines as households with two or more people related by birth, marriage or adoption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The graph focuses on families living in the country's 30 most populous cities. For the most part, it doesn't include those living in suburbs and rural areas. That's why the national median is higher than the median incomes in almost all of the cities on the graph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One final note: In the area around San Jose, 13 percent of families have annual incomes of $250,000 or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Much+%28Or+Little%29+The+Middle+Class+Makes%2C+In+30+U.S.+Cities&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/363792462/quoctrung-bui\" target=\"_blank\">Quoctrung Bui\u003c/a>\u003cbr />NPR's Planet Money\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\"My family's household income is $250,000 a year, but I promise you I am middle class.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's from a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.michigandaily.com/opinion/02jesse-klein-relative-wealth16\">article in a college newspaper\u003c/a> by a student who grew up in Silicon Valley. And it's the kind of thing you hear pretty often from people who live in expensive parts of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That got us thinking: What do families in the middle of the income distribution actually make in cities around the United States?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/city-distribution-test/child.html\" height=\"1000\" width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About the data: We used the family income data from the 2013 American Community Survey. This counts only families, which the government defines as households with two or more people related by birth, marriage or adoption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The graph focuses on families living in the country's 30 most populous cities. For the most part, it doesn't include those living in suburbs and rural areas. That's why the national median is higher than the median incomes in almost all of the cities on the graph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One final note: In the area around San Jose, 13 percent of families have annual incomes of $250,000 or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Much+%28Or+Little%29+The+Middle+Class+Makes%2C+In+30+U.S.+Cities&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Video: Mario Cuomo's Speech at 1984 Democratic Convention in San Francisco",
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"content": "\u003cp>On \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> today, NPR's Ron Elving described Mario Cuomo as \"perhaps the last avatar of New Deal liberalism.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuomo, who died yesterday, served three terms as the governor of New York. But he came to national prominence with a speech at the 1984 Democratic Convention in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The speech was a stirring defense of liberalism that electrified the room and made Cuomo an instant contender for higher office. Ultimately, Cuomo decided to remain in state politics, so that DNC speech has remained one of his defining moments. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/01/01/374456157/reports-former-new-york-gov-mario-cuomo-dead-at-82\">We have an obituary of Cuomo here\u003c/a>. But here's an eight-minute excerpt of that 1984 speech:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://youtu.be/kOdIqKsv624\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here's the transcript:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Thank you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On behalf of the great Empire State and the whole family of New York, let me thank you for the great privilege of being able to address this convention. Please allow me to skip the stories and the poetry and the temptation to deal in nice but vague rhetoric. Let me instead use this valuable opportunity to deal immediately with the questions that should determine this election and that we all know are vital to the American people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten days ago, President Reagan admitted that although some people in this country seemed to be doing well nowadays, others were unhappy, even worried, about themselves, their families, and their futures. The President said that he didn't understand that fear. He said, \"Why, this country is a shining city on a hill.\" And the President is right. In many ways we are a shining city on a hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the hard truth is that not everyone is sharing in this city's splendor and glory. A shining city is perhaps all the President sees from the portico of the White House and the veranda of his ranch, where everyone seems to be doing well. But there's another city; there's another part to the shining city; the part where some people can't pay their mortgages, and most young people can't afford one; where students can't afford the education they need, and middle-class parents watch the dreams they hold for their children evaporate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this part of the city there are more poor than ever, more families in trouble, more and more people who need help but can't find it. Even worse: There are elderly people who tremble in the basements of the houses there. And there are people who sleep in the city streets, in the gutter, where the glitter doesn't show. There are ghettos where thousands of young people, without a job or an education, give their lives away to drug dealers every day. There is despair, Mr. President, in the faces that you don't see, in the places that you don't visit in your shining city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Mr. President, this is a nation — Mr. President you ought to know that this nation is more a \"Tale of Two Cities\" than it is just a \"Shining City on a Hill.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe, maybe, Mr. President, if you visited some more places; maybe if you went to Appalachia where some people still live in sheds; maybe if you went to Lackawanna where thousands of unemployed steel workers wonder why we subsidized foreign steel. Maybe — Maybe, Mr. President, if you stopped in at a shelter in Chicago and spoke to the homeless there; maybe, Mr. President, if you asked a woman who had been denied the help she needed to feed her children because you said you needed the money for a tax break for a millionaire or for a missile we couldn't afford to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe — Maybe, Mr. President. But I'm afraid not. Because the truth is, ladies and gentlemen, that this is how we were warned it would be. President Reagan told us from the very beginning that he believed in a kind of social Darwinism. Survival of the fittest. \"Government can't do everything,\" we were told, so it should settle for taking care of the strong and hope that economic ambition and charity will do the rest. Make the rich richer, and what falls from the table will be enough for the middle class and those who are trying desperately to work their way into the middle class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You know, the Republicans called it \"trickle-down\" when Hoover tried it. Now they call it \"supply side.\" But it's the same shining city for those relative few who are lucky enough to live in its good neighborhoods. But for the people who are excluded, for the people who are locked out, all they can do is stare from a distance at that city's glimmering towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an old story. It's as old as our history. The difference between Democrats and Republicans has always been measured in courage and confidence. The Republicans — The Republicans believe that the wagon train will not make it to the frontier unless some of the old, some of the young, some of the weak are left behind by the side of the trail. \"The strong\" — \"The strong,\" they tell us, \"will inherit the land.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We Democrats believe in something else. We democrats believe that we can make it all the way with the whole family intact, and we have more than once. Ever since Franklin Roosevelt lifted himself from his wheelchair to lift this nation from its knees — wagon train after wagon train — to new frontiers of education, housing, peace; the whole family aboard, constantly reaching out to extend and enlarge that family; lifting them up into the wagon on the way; blacks and Hispanics, and people of every ethnic group, and native Americans — all those struggling to build their families and claim some small share of America. For nearly 50 years we carried them all to new levels of comfort, and security, and dignity, even affluence. And remember this, some of us in this room today are here only because this nation had that kind of confidence. And it would be wrong to forget that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, here we are at this convention to remind ourselves where we come from and to claim the future for ourselves and for our children. Today our great Democratic Party, which has saved this nation from depression, from fascism, from racism, from corruption, is called upon to do it again — this time to save the nation from confusion and division, from the threat of eventual fiscal disaster, and most of all from the fear of a nuclear holocaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not going to be easy. Mo Udall is exactly right — it won't be easy. And in order to succeed, we must answer our opponent's polished and appealing rhetoric with a more telling reasonableness and rationality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We must win this case on the merits. We must get the American public to look past the glitter, beyond the showmanship to the reality, the hard substance of things. And we'll do it not so much with speeches that sound good as with speeches that are good and sound; not so much with speeches that will bring people to their feet as with speeches that will bring people to their senses. We must make — We must make the American people hear our \"Tale of Two Cities.\" We must convince them that we don't have to settle for two cities, that we can have one city, indivisible, shining for all of its people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, we will have no chance to do that if what comes out of this convention is a babel of arguing voices. If that's what's heard throughout the campaign, dissident sounds from all sides, we will have no chance to tell our message. To succeed we will have to surrender some small parts of our individual interests, to build a platform that we can all stand on, at once, and comfortably — proudly singing out. We need — We need a platform we can all agree to so that we can sing out the truth for the nation to hear, in chorus, its logic so clear and commanding that no slick Madison Avenue commercial, no amount of geniality, no martial music will be able to muffle the sound of the truth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we Democrats must unite. We Democrats must unite so that the entire nation can unite, because surely the Republicans won't bring this country together. Their policies divide the nation into the lucky and the left-out, into the royalty and the rabble. The Republicans are willing to treat that division as victory. They would cut this nation in half, into those temporarily better off and those worse off than before, and they would call that division recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, we should not — we should not be embarrassed or dismayed or chagrined if the process of unifying is difficult, even wrenching at times. Remember that, unlike any other Party, we embrace men and women of every color, every creed, every orientation, every economic class. In our family are gathered everyone from the abject poor of Essex County in New York, to the enlightened affluent of the gold coasts at both ends of the nation. And in between is the heart of our constituency — the middle class, the people not rich enough to be worry-free, but not poor enough to be on welfare; the middle class — those people who work for a living because they have to, not because some psychiatrist told them it was a convenient way to fill the interval between birth and eternity. White collar and blue collar. Young professionals. Men and women in small business desperate for the capital and contracts that they need to prove their worth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We speak for the minorities who have not yet entered the mainstream. We speak for ethnics who want to add their culture to the magnificent mosaic that is America. We speak — We speak for women who are indignant that this nation refuses to etch into its governmental commandments the simple rule \"thou shalt not sin against equality,\" a rule so simple --\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was going to say, and I perhaps dare not but I will. It's a commandment so simple it can be spelled in three letters: E.R.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We speak — We speak for young people demanding an education and a future. We speak for senior citizens. We speak for senior citizens who are terrorized by the idea that their only security, their Social Security, is being threatened. We speak for millions of reasoning people fighting to preserve our environment from greed and from stupidity. And we speak for reasonable people who are fighting to preserve our very existence from a macho intransigence that refuses to make intelligent attempts to discuss the possibility of nuclear holocaust with our enemy. They refuse. They refuse, because they believe we can pile missiles so high that they will pierce the clouds and the sight of them will frighten our enemies into submission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now we're proud of this diversity as Democrats. We're grateful for it. We don't have to manufacture it the way the Republicans will next month in Dallas, by propping up mannequin delegates on the convention floor. But we, while we're proud of this diversity, we pay a price for it. The different people that we represent have different points of view. And sometimes they compete and even debate, and even argue. That's what our primaries were all about. But now the primaries are over and it is time, when we pick our candidates and our platform here, to lock arms and move into this campaign together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you need any more inspiration to put some small part of your own difference aside to create this consensus, then all you need to do is to reflect on what the Republican policy of divide and cajole has done to this land since 1980. Now the President has asked the American people to judge him on whether or not he's fulfilled the promises he made four years ago. I believe, as Democrats, we ought to accept that challenge. And just for a moment let us consider what he has said and what he's done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inflation — Inflation is down since 1980, but not because of the supply-side miracle promised to us by the President. Inflation was reduced the old-fashioned way: with a recession, the worst since 1932. Now how did we — We could have brought inflation down that way. How did he do it? 55,000 bankruptcies; two years of massive unemployment; 200,000 farmers and ranchers forced off the land; more homeless — more homeless than at any time since the Great Depression in 1932; more hungry, in this world of enormous affluence, the United States of America, more hungry; more poor, most of them women. And — And he paid one other thing, a nearly 200 billion dollar deficit threatening our future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, we must make the American people understand this deficit because they don't. The President's deficit is a direct and dramatic repudiation of his promise in 1980 to balance the budget by 1983. How large is it? The deficit is the largest in the history of the universe. It — President Carter's last budget had a deficit less than one-third of this deficit. It is a deficit that, according to the President's own fiscal adviser, may grow to as much 300 billion dollars a year for \"as far as the eye can see.\" And, ladies and gentlemen, it is a debt so large — that is almost one-half of the money we collect from the personal income tax each year goes just to pay the interest. It is a mortgage on our children's future that can be paid only in pain and that could bring this nation to its knees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now don't take my word for it — I'm a Democrat. Ask the Republican investment bankers on Wall Street what they think the chances of this recovery being permanent are. You see, if they're not too embarrassed to tell you the truth, they'll say that they're appalled and frightened by the President's deficit. Ask them what they think of our economy, now that it's been driven by the distorted value of the dollar back to its colonial condition. Now we're exporting agricultural products and importing manufactured ones. Ask those Republican investment bankers what they expect the rate of interest to be a year from now. And ask them — if they dare tell you the truth — you'll learn from them, what they predict for the inflation rate a year from now, because of the deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, how important is this question of the deficit. Think about it practically: What chance would the Republican candidate have had in 1980 if he had told the American people that he intended to pay for his so-called economic recovery with bankruptcies, unemployment, more homeless, more hungry, and the largest government debt known to humankind? If he had told the voters in 1980 that truth, would American voters have signed the loan certificate for him on Election Day? Of course not! That was an election won under false pretenses. It was won with smoke and mirrors and illusions. And that's the kind of recovery we have now as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about foreign policy? They said that they would make us and the whole world safer. They say they have. By creating the largest defense budget in history, one that even they now admit is excessive — by escalating to a frenzy the nuclear arms race; by incendiary rhetoric; by refusing to discuss peace with our enemies; by the loss of 279 young Americans in Lebanon in pursuit of a plan and a policy that no one can find or describe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We give money to Latin American governments that murder nuns, and then we lie about it. We have been less than zealous in support of our only real friend — it seems to me, in the Middle East — the one democracy there, our flesh and blood ally, the state of Israel. Our — Our policy — Our foreign policy drifts with no real direction, other than an hysterical commitment to an arms race that leads nowhere — if we're lucky. And if we're not, it could lead us into bankruptcy or war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course we must have a strong defense! Of course Democrats are for a strong defense. Of course Democrats believe that there are times that we must stand and fight. And we have. Thousands of us have paid for freedom with our lives. But always — when this country has been at its best — our purposes were clear. Now they're not. Now our allies are as confused as our enemies. Now we have no real commitment to our friends or to our ideals — not to human rights, not to the refuseniks, not to Sakharov, not to Bishop Tutu and the others struggling for freedom in South Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We — We have in the last few years spent more than we can afford. We have pounded our chests and made bold speeches. But we lost 279 young Americans in Lebanon and we live behind sand bags in Washington. How can anyone say that we are safer, stronger, or better?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That — That is the Republican record. That its disastrous quality is not more fully understood by the American people I can only attribute to the President's amiability and the failure by some to separate the salesman from the product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, now — now — now it's up to us. Now it's up to you and to me to make the case to America. And to remind Americans that if they are not happy with all that the President has done so far, they should consider how much worse it will be if he is left to his radical proclivities for another four years unrestrained. Unrestrained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, if — if July — if July brings back Ann Gorsuch Burford — what can we expect of December? Where would — Where would another four years take us? Where would four years more take us? How much larger will the deficit be? How much deeper the cuts in programs for the struggling middle class and the poor to limit that deficit? How high will the interest rates be? How much more acid rain killing our forests and fouling our lakes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, ladies and gentlemen, please think of this — the nation must think of this: What kind of Supreme Court will we have?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Please. [beckons audience to settle down]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We — We must ask ourselves what kind of court and country will be fashioned by the man who believes in having government mandate people's religion and morality; the man who believes that trees pollute the environment; the man that believes that — that the laws against discrimination against people go too far; a man who threatens Social Security and Medicaid and help for the disabled. How high will we pile the missiles? How much deeper will the gulf be between us and our enemies? And, ladies and gentlemen, will four years more make meaner the spirit of the American people? This election will measure the record of the past four years. But more than that, it will answer the question of what kind of people we want to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We Democrats still have a dream. We still believe in this nation's future. And this is our answer to the question. This is our credo:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in only the government we need, but we insist on all the government we need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in a government that is characterized by fairness and reasonableness, a reasonableness that goes beyond labels, that doesn't distort or promise to do things that we know we can't do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in a government strong enough to use words like \"love\" and \"compassion\" and smart enough to convert our noblest aspirations into practical realities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in encouraging the talented, but we believe that while survival of the fittest may be a good working description of the process of evolution, a government of humans should elevate itself to a higher order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We — Our — Our government — Our government should be able to rise to the level where it can fill the gaps that are left by chance or by a wisdom we don't fully understand. We would rather have laws written by the patron of this great city, the man called the \"world's most sincere Democrat,\" St. Francis of Assisi, than laws written by Darwin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe — We believe as Democrats, that a society as blessed as ours, the most affluent democracy in the world's history, one that can spend trillions on instruments of destruction, ought to be able to help the middle class in its struggle, ought to be able to find work for all who can do it, room at the table, shelter for the homeless, care for the elderly and infirm, and hope for the destitute. And we proclaim as loudly as we can the utter insanity of nuclear proliferation and the need for a nuclear freeze, if only to affirm the simple truth that peace is better than war because life is better than death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in firm — We believe in firm but fair law and order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe proudly in the union movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in a — We believe — We believe in privacy for people, openness by government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in civil rights, and we believe in human rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in a single — We believe in a single fundamental idea that describes better than most textbooks and any speech that I could write what a proper government should be: the idea of family, mutuality, the sharing of benefits and burdens for the good of all, feeling one another's pain, sharing one another's blessings — reasonably, honestly, fairly, without respect to race, or sex, or geography, or political affiliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe we must be the family of America, recognizing that at the heart of the matter we are bound one to another, that the problems of a retired school teacher in Duluth are our problems; that the future of the child — that the future of the child in Buffalo is our future; that the struggle of a disabled man in Boston to survive and live decently is our struggle; that the hunger of a woman in Little Rock is our hunger; that the failure anywhere to provide what reasonably we might, to avoid pain, is our failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now for 50 years — for 50 years we Democrats created a better future for our children, using traditional Democratic principles as a fixed beacon, giving us direction and purpose, but constantly innovating, adapting to new realities: Roosevelt's alphabet programs; Truman's NATO and the GI Bill of Rights; Kennedy's intelligent tax incentives and the Alliance for Progress; Johnson's civil rights; Carter's human rights and the nearly miraculous Camp David Peace Accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats did it — Democrats did it and Democrats can do it again. We can build a future that deals with our deficit. Remember this, that 50 years of progress under our principles never cost us what the last four years of stagnation have. And we can deal with the deficit intelligently, by shared sacrifice, with all parts of the nation's family contributing, building partnerships with the private sector, providing a sound defense without depriving ourselves of what we need to feed our children and care for our people. We can have a future that provides for all the young of the present, by marrying common sense and compassion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know we can, because we did it for nearly 50 years before 1980. And we can do it again, if we do not forget — if we do not forget that this entire nation has profited by these progressive principles; that they helped lift up generations to the middle class and higher; that they gave us a chance to work, to go to college, to raise a family, to own a house, to be secure in our old age and, before that, to reach heights that our own parents would not have dared dream of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That struggle to live with dignity is the real story of the shining city. And it's a story, ladies and gentlemen, that I didn't read in a book, or learn in a classroom. I saw it and lived it, like many of you. I watched a small man with thick calluses on both his hands work 15 and 16 hours a day. I saw him once literally bleed from the bottoms of his feet, a man who came here uneducated, alone, unable to speak the language, who taught me all I needed to know about faith and hard work by the simple eloquence of his example. I learned about our kind of democracy from my father. And I learned about our obligation to each other from him and from my mother. They asked only for a chance to work and to make the world better for their children, and they — they asked to be protected in those moments when they would not be able to protect themselves. This nation and this nation's government did that for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that they were able to build a family and live in dignity and see one of their children go from behind their little grocery store in South Jamaica on the other side of the tracks where he was born, to occupy the highest seat, in the greatest State, in the greatest nation, in the only world we would know, is an ineffably beautiful tribute to the democratic process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And — And ladies and gentlemen, on January 20, 1985, it will happen again — only on a much, much grander scale. We will have a new President of the United States, a Democrat born not to the blood of kings but to the blood of pioneers and immigrants. And we will have America's first woman Vice President, the child of immigrants, and she — she — she will open with one magnificent stroke, a whole new frontier for the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it will happen. It will happen if we make it happen; if you and I make it happen. And I ask you now, ladies and gentlemen, brothers and sisters, for the good of all of us, for the love of this great nation, for the family of America, for the love of God: Please, make this nation remember how futures are built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thank you and God bless you.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH%3A+Mario+Cuomo%27s+Speech+At+The+1984+Democratic+Convention&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> today, NPR's Ron Elving described Mario Cuomo as \"perhaps the last avatar of New Deal liberalism.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuomo, who died yesterday, served three terms as the governor of New York. But he came to national prominence with a speech at the 1984 Democratic Convention in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The speech was a stirring defense of liberalism that electrified the room and made Cuomo an instant contender for higher office. Ultimately, Cuomo decided to remain in state politics, so that DNC speech has remained one of his defining moments. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/01/01/374456157/reports-former-new-york-gov-mario-cuomo-dead-at-82\">We have an obituary of Cuomo here\u003c/a>. But here's an eight-minute excerpt of that 1984 speech:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/kOdIqKsv624'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/kOdIqKsv624'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>And here's the transcript:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Thank you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On behalf of the great Empire State and the whole family of New York, let me thank you for the great privilege of being able to address this convention. Please allow me to skip the stories and the poetry and the temptation to deal in nice but vague rhetoric. Let me instead use this valuable opportunity to deal immediately with the questions that should determine this election and that we all know are vital to the American people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten days ago, President Reagan admitted that although some people in this country seemed to be doing well nowadays, others were unhappy, even worried, about themselves, their families, and their futures. The President said that he didn't understand that fear. He said, \"Why, this country is a shining city on a hill.\" And the President is right. In many ways we are a shining city on a hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the hard truth is that not everyone is sharing in this city's splendor and glory. A shining city is perhaps all the President sees from the portico of the White House and the veranda of his ranch, where everyone seems to be doing well. But there's another city; there's another part to the shining city; the part where some people can't pay their mortgages, and most young people can't afford one; where students can't afford the education they need, and middle-class parents watch the dreams they hold for their children evaporate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this part of the city there are more poor than ever, more families in trouble, more and more people who need help but can't find it. Even worse: There are elderly people who tremble in the basements of the houses there. And there are people who sleep in the city streets, in the gutter, where the glitter doesn't show. There are ghettos where thousands of young people, without a job or an education, give their lives away to drug dealers every day. There is despair, Mr. President, in the faces that you don't see, in the places that you don't visit in your shining city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Mr. President, this is a nation — Mr. President you ought to know that this nation is more a \"Tale of Two Cities\" than it is just a \"Shining City on a Hill.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe, maybe, Mr. President, if you visited some more places; maybe if you went to Appalachia where some people still live in sheds; maybe if you went to Lackawanna where thousands of unemployed steel workers wonder why we subsidized foreign steel. Maybe — Maybe, Mr. President, if you stopped in at a shelter in Chicago and spoke to the homeless there; maybe, Mr. President, if you asked a woman who had been denied the help she needed to feed her children because you said you needed the money for a tax break for a millionaire or for a missile we couldn't afford to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe — Maybe, Mr. President. But I'm afraid not. Because the truth is, ladies and gentlemen, that this is how we were warned it would be. President Reagan told us from the very beginning that he believed in a kind of social Darwinism. Survival of the fittest. \"Government can't do everything,\" we were told, so it should settle for taking care of the strong and hope that economic ambition and charity will do the rest. Make the rich richer, and what falls from the table will be enough for the middle class and those who are trying desperately to work their way into the middle class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You know, the Republicans called it \"trickle-down\" when Hoover tried it. Now they call it \"supply side.\" But it's the same shining city for those relative few who are lucky enough to live in its good neighborhoods. But for the people who are excluded, for the people who are locked out, all they can do is stare from a distance at that city's glimmering towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an old story. It's as old as our history. The difference between Democrats and Republicans has always been measured in courage and confidence. The Republicans — The Republicans believe that the wagon train will not make it to the frontier unless some of the old, some of the young, some of the weak are left behind by the side of the trail. \"The strong\" — \"The strong,\" they tell us, \"will inherit the land.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We Democrats believe in something else. We democrats believe that we can make it all the way with the whole family intact, and we have more than once. Ever since Franklin Roosevelt lifted himself from his wheelchair to lift this nation from its knees — wagon train after wagon train — to new frontiers of education, housing, peace; the whole family aboard, constantly reaching out to extend and enlarge that family; lifting them up into the wagon on the way; blacks and Hispanics, and people of every ethnic group, and native Americans — all those struggling to build their families and claim some small share of America. For nearly 50 years we carried them all to new levels of comfort, and security, and dignity, even affluence. And remember this, some of us in this room today are here only because this nation had that kind of confidence. And it would be wrong to forget that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, here we are at this convention to remind ourselves where we come from and to claim the future for ourselves and for our children. Today our great Democratic Party, which has saved this nation from depression, from fascism, from racism, from corruption, is called upon to do it again — this time to save the nation from confusion and division, from the threat of eventual fiscal disaster, and most of all from the fear of a nuclear holocaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not going to be easy. Mo Udall is exactly right — it won't be easy. And in order to succeed, we must answer our opponent's polished and appealing rhetoric with a more telling reasonableness and rationality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We must win this case on the merits. We must get the American public to look past the glitter, beyond the showmanship to the reality, the hard substance of things. And we'll do it not so much with speeches that sound good as with speeches that are good and sound; not so much with speeches that will bring people to their feet as with speeches that will bring people to their senses. We must make — We must make the American people hear our \"Tale of Two Cities.\" We must convince them that we don't have to settle for two cities, that we can have one city, indivisible, shining for all of its people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, we will have no chance to do that if what comes out of this convention is a babel of arguing voices. If that's what's heard throughout the campaign, dissident sounds from all sides, we will have no chance to tell our message. To succeed we will have to surrender some small parts of our individual interests, to build a platform that we can all stand on, at once, and comfortably — proudly singing out. We need — We need a platform we can all agree to so that we can sing out the truth for the nation to hear, in chorus, its logic so clear and commanding that no slick Madison Avenue commercial, no amount of geniality, no martial music will be able to muffle the sound of the truth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we Democrats must unite. We Democrats must unite so that the entire nation can unite, because surely the Republicans won't bring this country together. Their policies divide the nation into the lucky and the left-out, into the royalty and the rabble. The Republicans are willing to treat that division as victory. They would cut this nation in half, into those temporarily better off and those worse off than before, and they would call that division recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, we should not — we should not be embarrassed or dismayed or chagrined if the process of unifying is difficult, even wrenching at times. Remember that, unlike any other Party, we embrace men and women of every color, every creed, every orientation, every economic class. In our family are gathered everyone from the abject poor of Essex County in New York, to the enlightened affluent of the gold coasts at both ends of the nation. And in between is the heart of our constituency — the middle class, the people not rich enough to be worry-free, but not poor enough to be on welfare; the middle class — those people who work for a living because they have to, not because some psychiatrist told them it was a convenient way to fill the interval between birth and eternity. White collar and blue collar. Young professionals. Men and women in small business desperate for the capital and contracts that they need to prove their worth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We speak for the minorities who have not yet entered the mainstream. We speak for ethnics who want to add their culture to the magnificent mosaic that is America. We speak — We speak for women who are indignant that this nation refuses to etch into its governmental commandments the simple rule \"thou shalt not sin against equality,\" a rule so simple --\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was going to say, and I perhaps dare not but I will. It's a commandment so simple it can be spelled in three letters: E.R.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We speak — We speak for young people demanding an education and a future. We speak for senior citizens. We speak for senior citizens who are terrorized by the idea that their only security, their Social Security, is being threatened. We speak for millions of reasoning people fighting to preserve our environment from greed and from stupidity. And we speak for reasonable people who are fighting to preserve our very existence from a macho intransigence that refuses to make intelligent attempts to discuss the possibility of nuclear holocaust with our enemy. They refuse. They refuse, because they believe we can pile missiles so high that they will pierce the clouds and the sight of them will frighten our enemies into submission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now we're proud of this diversity as Democrats. We're grateful for it. We don't have to manufacture it the way the Republicans will next month in Dallas, by propping up mannequin delegates on the convention floor. But we, while we're proud of this diversity, we pay a price for it. The different people that we represent have different points of view. And sometimes they compete and even debate, and even argue. That's what our primaries were all about. But now the primaries are over and it is time, when we pick our candidates and our platform here, to lock arms and move into this campaign together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you need any more inspiration to put some small part of your own difference aside to create this consensus, then all you need to do is to reflect on what the Republican policy of divide and cajole has done to this land since 1980. Now the President has asked the American people to judge him on whether or not he's fulfilled the promises he made four years ago. I believe, as Democrats, we ought to accept that challenge. And just for a moment let us consider what he has said and what he's done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inflation — Inflation is down since 1980, but not because of the supply-side miracle promised to us by the President. Inflation was reduced the old-fashioned way: with a recession, the worst since 1932. Now how did we — We could have brought inflation down that way. How did he do it? 55,000 bankruptcies; two years of massive unemployment; 200,000 farmers and ranchers forced off the land; more homeless — more homeless than at any time since the Great Depression in 1932; more hungry, in this world of enormous affluence, the United States of America, more hungry; more poor, most of them women. And — And he paid one other thing, a nearly 200 billion dollar deficit threatening our future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, we must make the American people understand this deficit because they don't. The President's deficit is a direct and dramatic repudiation of his promise in 1980 to balance the budget by 1983. How large is it? The deficit is the largest in the history of the universe. It — President Carter's last budget had a deficit less than one-third of this deficit. It is a deficit that, according to the President's own fiscal adviser, may grow to as much 300 billion dollars a year for \"as far as the eye can see.\" And, ladies and gentlemen, it is a debt so large — that is almost one-half of the money we collect from the personal income tax each year goes just to pay the interest. It is a mortgage on our children's future that can be paid only in pain and that could bring this nation to its knees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now don't take my word for it — I'm a Democrat. Ask the Republican investment bankers on Wall Street what they think the chances of this recovery being permanent are. You see, if they're not too embarrassed to tell you the truth, they'll say that they're appalled and frightened by the President's deficit. Ask them what they think of our economy, now that it's been driven by the distorted value of the dollar back to its colonial condition. Now we're exporting agricultural products and importing manufactured ones. Ask those Republican investment bankers what they expect the rate of interest to be a year from now. And ask them — if they dare tell you the truth — you'll learn from them, what they predict for the inflation rate a year from now, because of the deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, how important is this question of the deficit. Think about it practically: What chance would the Republican candidate have had in 1980 if he had told the American people that he intended to pay for his so-called economic recovery with bankruptcies, unemployment, more homeless, more hungry, and the largest government debt known to humankind? If he had told the voters in 1980 that truth, would American voters have signed the loan certificate for him on Election Day? Of course not! That was an election won under false pretenses. It was won with smoke and mirrors and illusions. And that's the kind of recovery we have now as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about foreign policy? They said that they would make us and the whole world safer. They say they have. By creating the largest defense budget in history, one that even they now admit is excessive — by escalating to a frenzy the nuclear arms race; by incendiary rhetoric; by refusing to discuss peace with our enemies; by the loss of 279 young Americans in Lebanon in pursuit of a plan and a policy that no one can find or describe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We give money to Latin American governments that murder nuns, and then we lie about it. We have been less than zealous in support of our only real friend — it seems to me, in the Middle East — the one democracy there, our flesh and blood ally, the state of Israel. Our — Our policy — Our foreign policy drifts with no real direction, other than an hysterical commitment to an arms race that leads nowhere — if we're lucky. And if we're not, it could lead us into bankruptcy or war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course we must have a strong defense! Of course Democrats are for a strong defense. Of course Democrats believe that there are times that we must stand and fight. And we have. Thousands of us have paid for freedom with our lives. But always — when this country has been at its best — our purposes were clear. Now they're not. Now our allies are as confused as our enemies. Now we have no real commitment to our friends or to our ideals — not to human rights, not to the refuseniks, not to Sakharov, not to Bishop Tutu and the others struggling for freedom in South Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We — We have in the last few years spent more than we can afford. We have pounded our chests and made bold speeches. But we lost 279 young Americans in Lebanon and we live behind sand bags in Washington. How can anyone say that we are safer, stronger, or better?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That — That is the Republican record. That its disastrous quality is not more fully understood by the American people I can only attribute to the President's amiability and the failure by some to separate the salesman from the product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, now — now — now it's up to us. Now it's up to you and to me to make the case to America. And to remind Americans that if they are not happy with all that the President has done so far, they should consider how much worse it will be if he is left to his radical proclivities for another four years unrestrained. Unrestrained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, if — if July — if July brings back Ann Gorsuch Burford — what can we expect of December? Where would — Where would another four years take us? Where would four years more take us? How much larger will the deficit be? How much deeper the cuts in programs for the struggling middle class and the poor to limit that deficit? How high will the interest rates be? How much more acid rain killing our forests and fouling our lakes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, ladies and gentlemen, please think of this — the nation must think of this: What kind of Supreme Court will we have?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Please. [beckons audience to settle down]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We — We must ask ourselves what kind of court and country will be fashioned by the man who believes in having government mandate people's religion and morality; the man who believes that trees pollute the environment; the man that believes that — that the laws against discrimination against people go too far; a man who threatens Social Security and Medicaid and help for the disabled. How high will we pile the missiles? How much deeper will the gulf be between us and our enemies? And, ladies and gentlemen, will four years more make meaner the spirit of the American people? This election will measure the record of the past four years. But more than that, it will answer the question of what kind of people we want to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We Democrats still have a dream. We still believe in this nation's future. And this is our answer to the question. This is our credo:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in only the government we need, but we insist on all the government we need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in a government that is characterized by fairness and reasonableness, a reasonableness that goes beyond labels, that doesn't distort or promise to do things that we know we can't do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in a government strong enough to use words like \"love\" and \"compassion\" and smart enough to convert our noblest aspirations into practical realities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in encouraging the talented, but we believe that while survival of the fittest may be a good working description of the process of evolution, a government of humans should elevate itself to a higher order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We — Our — Our government — Our government should be able to rise to the level where it can fill the gaps that are left by chance or by a wisdom we don't fully understand. We would rather have laws written by the patron of this great city, the man called the \"world's most sincere Democrat,\" St. Francis of Assisi, than laws written by Darwin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe — We believe as Democrats, that a society as blessed as ours, the most affluent democracy in the world's history, one that can spend trillions on instruments of destruction, ought to be able to help the middle class in its struggle, ought to be able to find work for all who can do it, room at the table, shelter for the homeless, care for the elderly and infirm, and hope for the destitute. And we proclaim as loudly as we can the utter insanity of nuclear proliferation and the need for a nuclear freeze, if only to affirm the simple truth that peace is better than war because life is better than death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in firm — We believe in firm but fair law and order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe proudly in the union movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in a — We believe — We believe in privacy for people, openness by government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in civil rights, and we believe in human rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in a single — We believe in a single fundamental idea that describes better than most textbooks and any speech that I could write what a proper government should be: the idea of family, mutuality, the sharing of benefits and burdens for the good of all, feeling one another's pain, sharing one another's blessings — reasonably, honestly, fairly, without respect to race, or sex, or geography, or political affiliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe we must be the family of America, recognizing that at the heart of the matter we are bound one to another, that the problems of a retired school teacher in Duluth are our problems; that the future of the child — that the future of the child in Buffalo is our future; that the struggle of a disabled man in Boston to survive and live decently is our struggle; that the hunger of a woman in Little Rock is our hunger; that the failure anywhere to provide what reasonably we might, to avoid pain, is our failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now for 50 years — for 50 years we Democrats created a better future for our children, using traditional Democratic principles as a fixed beacon, giving us direction and purpose, but constantly innovating, adapting to new realities: Roosevelt's alphabet programs; Truman's NATO and the GI Bill of Rights; Kennedy's intelligent tax incentives and the Alliance for Progress; Johnson's civil rights; Carter's human rights and the nearly miraculous Camp David Peace Accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats did it — Democrats did it and Democrats can do it again. We can build a future that deals with our deficit. Remember this, that 50 years of progress under our principles never cost us what the last four years of stagnation have. And we can deal with the deficit intelligently, by shared sacrifice, with all parts of the nation's family contributing, building partnerships with the private sector, providing a sound defense without depriving ourselves of what we need to feed our children and care for our people. We can have a future that provides for all the young of the present, by marrying common sense and compassion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know we can, because we did it for nearly 50 years before 1980. And we can do it again, if we do not forget — if we do not forget that this entire nation has profited by these progressive principles; that they helped lift up generations to the middle class and higher; that they gave us a chance to work, to go to college, to raise a family, to own a house, to be secure in our old age and, before that, to reach heights that our own parents would not have dared dream of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That struggle to live with dignity is the real story of the shining city. And it's a story, ladies and gentlemen, that I didn't read in a book, or learn in a classroom. I saw it and lived it, like many of you. I watched a small man with thick calluses on both his hands work 15 and 16 hours a day. I saw him once literally bleed from the bottoms of his feet, a man who came here uneducated, alone, unable to speak the language, who taught me all I needed to know about faith and hard work by the simple eloquence of his example. I learned about our kind of democracy from my father. And I learned about our obligation to each other from him and from my mother. They asked only for a chance to work and to make the world better for their children, and they — they asked to be protected in those moments when they would not be able to protect themselves. This nation and this nation's government did that for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that they were able to build a family and live in dignity and see one of their children go from behind their little grocery store in South Jamaica on the other side of the tracks where he was born, to occupy the highest seat, in the greatest State, in the greatest nation, in the only world we would know, is an ineffably beautiful tribute to the democratic process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And — And ladies and gentlemen, on January 20, 1985, it will happen again — only on a much, much grander scale. We will have a new President of the United States, a Democrat born not to the blood of kings but to the blood of pioneers and immigrants. And we will have America's first woman Vice President, the child of immigrants, and she — she — she will open with one magnificent stroke, a whole new frontier for the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it will happen. It will happen if we make it happen; if you and I make it happen. And I ask you now, ladies and gentlemen, brothers and sisters, for the good of all of us, for the love of this great nation, for the family of America, for the love of God: Please, make this nation remember how futures are built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thank you and God bless you.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH%3A+Mario+Cuomo%27s+Speech+At+The+1984+Democratic+Convention&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California residents who are living without documentation soon will be eligible to apply for driver's licenses, thanks to a new law that takes effect in the new year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's Department of Motor Vehicles is expecting 1.6 million immigrants to apply in the first few years, and law enforcement, community groups and others are preparing for the surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In central Los Angeles, about 150 parishioners recently packed into Holy Spirit Catholic Church, not for a Mass but for a training session. Presenter after presenter explained the new law, called AB60, which goes into effect on Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know that the city of L.A. has a big immigrant population that doesn't have a driver's license, and they're driving in the city of L.A.,\" Juan Gonzalez, a lieutenant with the Los Angeles Police Department, told the crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're driving all over the state — in California's cities, in rural areas, commuting to work and school or just traveling. Like most people do — only in the shadows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And we know that a lot of the accidents that get caused — we have a lot of hit-and-runs, because of the fear because they don't have driver's licenses,\" Gonzalez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That can leave a legal driver — someone with a license — in a bind, or turn a small incident for the immigrant, driving illegally, into a misdemeanor or felony. That leads to arrests, impounded cars and just generally bad blood between cops and immigrant drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So it's actually better for the police department for most of our drivers to be licensed and know how to drive,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California isn't the first state to have this kind of law — Connecticut is implementing a similar one now, and a handful of other states already allow undocumented immigrants to apply for driver's licenses or card equivalents — but it's is certainly the biggest. The expectation of 1.6 million new applicants has spurred the state's DMV to add 800 employees to help with the transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community groups and churches like Holy Spirit are helping in their own way, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/detail/pubs/interactive/tdrive/exam\" target=\"_blank\">preparing people for the written tests\u003c/a> and walking them through \u003ca href=\"https://apps.dmv.ca.gov/ab60/doc_req_matrix.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">the needed documentation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rev. Aloysius Ezeonyeka, also known as Father Al, is an immigrant himself, so he knows how important it was to him to get his driver's license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have no idea how many years a lot of those people have been living in darkness of the law, hoping that nobody catches them,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Churchgoer Marta Quinto knows that well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You always afraid to be stopped by the police. Then they can take your car,\" she says. \"So, I'm excited by this opportunity that we have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Quinto plans to take full advantage: She's been to every training session, and is studying in Spanish and in English. And she already has set a date to take the exam — Jan. 2, a day after the new law goes into effect. Quinto hopes that soon after, she'll be able to drive her two kids legally for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+DMV+Prepares+For+Undocumented+Residents+Applying+For+Licenses&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California residents who are living without documentation soon will be eligible to apply for driver's licenses, thanks to a new law that takes effect in the new year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's Department of Motor Vehicles is expecting 1.6 million immigrants to apply in the first few years, and law enforcement, community groups and others are preparing for the surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In central Los Angeles, about 150 parishioners recently packed into Holy Spirit Catholic Church, not for a Mass but for a training session. Presenter after presenter explained the new law, called AB60, which goes into effect on Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know that the city of L.A. has a big immigrant population that doesn't have a driver's license, and they're driving in the city of L.A.,\" Juan Gonzalez, a lieutenant with the Los Angeles Police Department, told the crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're driving all over the state — in California's cities, in rural areas, commuting to work and school or just traveling. Like most people do — only in the shadows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And we know that a lot of the accidents that get caused — we have a lot of hit-and-runs, because of the fear because they don't have driver's licenses,\" Gonzalez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That can leave a legal driver — someone with a license — in a bind, or turn a small incident for the immigrant, driving illegally, into a misdemeanor or felony. That leads to arrests, impounded cars and just generally bad blood between cops and immigrant drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So it's actually better for the police department for most of our drivers to be licensed and know how to drive,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California isn't the first state to have this kind of law — Connecticut is implementing a similar one now, and a handful of other states already allow undocumented immigrants to apply for driver's licenses or card equivalents — but it's is certainly the biggest. The expectation of 1.6 million new applicants has spurred the state's DMV to add 800 employees to help with the transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community groups and churches like Holy Spirit are helping in their own way, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/detail/pubs/interactive/tdrive/exam\" target=\"_blank\">preparing people for the written tests\u003c/a> and walking them through \u003ca href=\"https://apps.dmv.ca.gov/ab60/doc_req_matrix.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">the needed documentation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rev. Aloysius Ezeonyeka, also known as Father Al, is an immigrant himself, so he knows how important it was to him to get his driver's license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have no idea how many years a lot of those people have been living in darkness of the law, hoping that nobody catches them,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Churchgoer Marta Quinto knows that well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You always afraid to be stopped by the police. Then they can take your car,\" she says. \"So, I'm excited by this opportunity that we have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Quinto plans to take full advantage: She's been to every training session, and is studying in Spanish and in English. And she already has set a date to take the exam — Jan. 2, a day after the new law goes into effect. Quinto hopes that soon after, she'll be able to drive her two kids legally for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+DMV+Prepares+For+Undocumented+Residents+Applying+For+Licenses&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
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"soldout": {
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