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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Update, 11: 39 a.m.:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Barack Obama \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6MgATBZMII\" target=\"_blank\">announced today \u003c/a>the most significant change in U.S. policy toward Cuba in more than 50 years, paving the way for the normalization of relations and the opening of a U.S. Embassy in Havana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama said, \"We will end an outdated approach that for decades has failed to advance our interests, and instead we will begin to normalize relations between our two countries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added: \"These 50 years have shown isolation has not worked. It's time for a new approach.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama said as these changes unfold, he will talk to Congress about lifting the embargo on Cuba. The U.S. severed diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1961, shortly after Fidel Castro and his communist rebels ousted dictator Fulgencio Batista.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's good to be home.' \u003ccite>Alan Gross,\u003cbr>\nAmerican contractor released from Cuban jail\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In a nationally televised address that coincided with Obama's remarks, Cuban President Raul Castro called on the United States to \"remove any obstacles that hinder ties between our two countries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This decision by President Obama deserves the respect and recognition of our people,\" Castro said. However, he added, this \"does not mean that the most important issue has been resolved. The embargo on our country ... has to end.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite \"profound differences,\" Castro said, Cuba is willing to talk to the United States about thorny subjects, including human rights and democracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today's developments come hours after news emerged that Alan Gross, the American contractor who spent five years in a Cuban jail, had been freed on humanitarian grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's good to be home,\" Gross \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/17/371467076/alan-gross-u-s-contractor-freed-by-cuba-says-its-good-to-be-home\" target=\"_blank\">said in Washington\u003c/a>, shortly after his return to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials also said three Cuban spies, part of the so-called Cuban Five spy ring, will be released in exchange for an \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/17/371453374/prisoner-exchange-with-cuba-led-to-freedom-for-top-u-s-spy\" target=\"_blank\">unnamed U.S. intelligence asset\u003c/a> jailed in Cuba for nearly 20 years. That individual, U.S. officials said, identified the Cuban Five, Cuban intelligence agents in the U.S. who were caught in the 1990s. He also identified former Defense Intelligence Agency analyst Ana Belen Montes and former State Department official Kendall Myers and his wife, Gwendolyn, as Cuban agents. Castro, in his news conference, said the man was a Cuban national.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials said the two countries will also normalize banking and trade relations. They said the U.S. expects to have differences with Cuba on issues such as democracy and human rights, but the move toward normalization is a \"better way of advancing our interests and our values.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama, the officials said, approved high-level talks with Cuba over the spring, and meetings were held in Canada. The Vatican also played an important role, the officials said, with Pope Francis appealing for Gross' release in letters to both leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officials said the U.S. will also move to remove Cuba from the list of state sponsors of terrorism. Cuba has been on the list since 1982. Obama has asked Secretary of State John Kerry to give him within six months a review of Cuba's support for terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said that, \u003ca href=\"http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/12/17/fact-sheet-charting-new-course-cuba\" target=\"_blank\">among other steps\u003c/a>, the U.S. will ease travel and remittance policies; expand commercial sales and exports; and ease imports, including tobacco products and alcohol. The U.S. will expand Cubans' access to the Internet and telecommunications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. and Cuba will both participate in the Summit of the Americas in Panama next year, but the U.S. said \"Cuban civil society must be allowed to participate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, Cuba also agreed to release 53 detainees whom the U.S. regards as political prisoners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/03/368112245/u-s-government-contractor-marks-five-years-in-cuban-detention\">As we previously reported\u003c/a>, Gross, a subcontractor for the U.S. Agency for International Development, had been working on a program to improve Internet access for Jewish Cubans. During several trips to Cuba he had covertly distributed laptops. A Cuban court found him guilty of crimes against the state in 2011, and sentenced him to 15 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=248854192\" target=\"_blank\">In December 2013\u003c/a>, Peter Wallsten of the Washington Post told NPR that Gross was being detained in a 10-by-12-foot room with two other prisoners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, Gross' wife, Judy, said her husband had lost more than 100 pounds during his detention. \"He can barely walk due to chronic pain, and he has lost five teeth and much of the sight in his right eye,\" she said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/06/26/325760309/wife-of-jailed-american-in-cuba-worries-hell-take-drastic-measures\">In an interview in June with NPR\u003c/a>, Judy Gross said her husband was \"despondent and very hopeless.\" She warned that he had said he would \"take drastic measures if he's not out very shortly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gross had staged a nine-day hunger strike earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., welcomed Gross' release, but \u003ca href=\"http://video.foxnews.com/v/3947931342001/sen-rubio-blasts-white-houses-absurd-cuba-concessions/??cmpid=cmty_twitter_fn#sp=show-clips\" target=\"_blank\">told Fox News\u003c/a>, \"I'm not in favor of the process by which his release was acquired, because I think it does set a very dangerous precedent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted that Obama's expected announcement will do \"nothing\" to further democracy in Cuba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's part of a long record of coddling dictators, and tyrants, that this administration has established,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The steps announced today are likely to be closely watched in Miami, which is home to a large Cuban-American community. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/17/371411659/polls-show-cuban-american-view-on-u-s-cuba-relations-is-nuanced\">As NPR's Eyder Peralta notes\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The assumption is that Cuban-Americans support punitive policies against Havana, but over the years, polls show that attitude has changed significantly, even among older emigres.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/06/17/323027358/most-cuban-americans-oppose-embargo-poll-finds\">Most Cuban-Americans oppose the embargo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foreign policy experts welcomed the U.S. move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Sabatini, a professor at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs, called the move \"profound.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Desch, a professor of political science at the University of Notre Dame, called it a \"long overdue step.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have resisted normalizing relations with Cuba to this point largely because of the domestic Cuban-American lobby, which has held that normalization would bolster the Castro regime,\" he said. \"That logic is flawed: The more Cubans are exposed to American culture, politics and our economy, the weaker the hold of the Castroites on power.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Obama+Unveils+%27New+Approach%27+On+Cuba+As+Former+Foes+Chart+New+Course&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This decision by President Obama deserves the respect and recognition of our people,\" Castro said. However, he added, this \"does not mean that the most important issue has been resolved. The embargo on our country ... has to end.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite \"profound differences,\" Castro said, Cuba is willing to talk to the United States about thorny subjects, including human rights and democracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today's developments come hours after news emerged that Alan Gross, the American contractor who spent five years in a Cuban jail, had been freed on humanitarian grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's good to be home,\" Gross \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/17/371467076/alan-gross-u-s-contractor-freed-by-cuba-says-its-good-to-be-home\" target=\"_blank\">said in Washington\u003c/a>, shortly after his return to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials also said three Cuban spies, part of the so-called Cuban Five spy ring, will be released in exchange for an \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/17/371453374/prisoner-exchange-with-cuba-led-to-freedom-for-top-u-s-spy\" target=\"_blank\">unnamed U.S. intelligence asset\u003c/a> jailed in Cuba for nearly 20 years. That individual, U.S. officials said, identified the Cuban Five, Cuban intelligence agents in the U.S. who were caught in the 1990s. He also identified former Defense Intelligence Agency analyst Ana Belen Montes and former State Department official Kendall Myers and his wife, Gwendolyn, as Cuban agents. Castro, in his news conference, said the man was a Cuban national.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials said the two countries will also normalize banking and trade relations. They said the U.S. expects to have differences with Cuba on issues such as democracy and human rights, but the move toward normalization is a \"better way of advancing our interests and our values.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama, the officials said, approved high-level talks with Cuba over the spring, and meetings were held in Canada. The Vatican also played an important role, the officials said, with Pope Francis appealing for Gross' release in letters to both leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officials said the U.S. will also move to remove Cuba from the list of state sponsors of terrorism. Cuba has been on the list since 1982. Obama has asked Secretary of State John Kerry to give him within six months a review of Cuba's support for terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said that, \u003ca href=\"http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/12/17/fact-sheet-charting-new-course-cuba\" target=\"_blank\">among other steps\u003c/a>, the U.S. will ease travel and remittance policies; expand commercial sales and exports; and ease imports, including tobacco products and alcohol. The U.S. will expand Cubans' access to the Internet and telecommunications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. and Cuba will both participate in the Summit of the Americas in Panama next year, but the U.S. said \"Cuban civil society must be allowed to participate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, Cuba also agreed to release 53 detainees whom the U.S. regards as political prisoners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/03/368112245/u-s-government-contractor-marks-five-years-in-cuban-detention\">As we previously reported\u003c/a>, Gross, a subcontractor for the U.S. Agency for International Development, had been working on a program to improve Internet access for Jewish Cubans. During several trips to Cuba he had covertly distributed laptops. A Cuban court found him guilty of crimes against the state in 2011, and sentenced him to 15 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=248854192\" target=\"_blank\">In December 2013\u003c/a>, Peter Wallsten of the Washington Post told NPR that Gross was being detained in a 10-by-12-foot room with two other prisoners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, Gross' wife, Judy, said her husband had lost more than 100 pounds during his detention. \"He can barely walk due to chronic pain, and he has lost five teeth and much of the sight in his right eye,\" she said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/06/26/325760309/wife-of-jailed-american-in-cuba-worries-hell-take-drastic-measures\">In an interview in June with NPR\u003c/a>, Judy Gross said her husband was \"despondent and very hopeless.\" She warned that he had said he would \"take drastic measures if he's not out very shortly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gross had staged a nine-day hunger strike earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., welcomed Gross' release, but \u003ca href=\"http://video.foxnews.com/v/3947931342001/sen-rubio-blasts-white-houses-absurd-cuba-concessions/??cmpid=cmty_twitter_fn#sp=show-clips\" target=\"_blank\">told Fox News\u003c/a>, \"I'm not in favor of the process by which his release was acquired, because I think it does set a very dangerous precedent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted that Obama's expected announcement will do \"nothing\" to further democracy in Cuba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's part of a long record of coddling dictators, and tyrants, that this administration has established,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The steps announced today are likely to be closely watched in Miami, which is home to a large Cuban-American community. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/17/371411659/polls-show-cuban-american-view-on-u-s-cuba-relations-is-nuanced\">As NPR's Eyder Peralta notes\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The assumption is that Cuban-Americans support punitive policies against Havana, but over the years, polls show that attitude has changed significantly, even among older emigres.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/06/17/323027358/most-cuban-americans-oppose-embargo-poll-finds\">Most Cuban-Americans oppose the embargo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foreign policy experts welcomed the U.S. move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Sabatini, a professor at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs, called the move \"profound.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Desch, a professor of political science at the University of Notre Dame, called it a \"long overdue step.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have resisted normalizing relations with Cuba to this point largely because of the domestic Cuban-American lobby, which has held that normalization would bolster the Castro regime,\" he said. \"That logic is flawed: The more Cubans are exposed to American culture, politics and our economy, the weaker the hold of the Castroites on power.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Obama+Unveils+%27New+Approach%27+On+Cuba+As+Former+Foes+Chart+New+Course&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "With Harvest Season, 'Trimmigrants' Flock To California's Pot Capital",
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"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Northern California's Humboldt County is known for its towering redwoods. But the region, about 200 miles north of San Francisco, has another claim to fame. Humboldt is to weed what Napa is to fine wine — it's the heart of marijuana production in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every fall, young people, mostly in their 20s, come from all over the world to work the marijuana harvest. They come seeking jobs as \"trimmers\" — workers who manicure the buds to get them ready for market. The locals have a name for these young migrant workers: \"trimmigrants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more than 100,000 marijuana plants growing in the hills around Humboldt, the county sheriff's office estimates. They all need to be harvested around the same time and processed quickly to avoid mold and other problems. So, from September through November, it's all hands on deck. That's where trimmigrants, also called scissor drifters, come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"height: 386px;width: 400px;border: 0px\" src=\"http://www.npr.org/v2/?i=368440223&m=368529528&t=audio\" height=\"386\" wmode=\"opaque\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" width=\"400\" base=\"http://www.npr.org\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand this story, you need to know what trimming is. Marijuana grows like a huge bush, and the flower it produces is the marijuana bud. Trimmers manicure the buds, snipping off the leaves and stems and then shaping them with their scissors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to make the weed stand out, so it sells well at medical marijuana dispensaries and on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garberville, a tiny town of about 900 residents in Humboldt, swarms with trimmigrants during the season — girls and guys with big, bulky backpacks and pit bulls. Many of them look like modern-day hobos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I meet Fermin, a 24-year-old artist from Tennessee, at the far end of town. Like all the trimmers I spoke with, Fermin would use only his first name. Trimming for an illegal operation could make him an accessory to a drug crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I heard you could get work pretty easy,\" Fermin says. \"The reality is it's taking a little bit longer than I expected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fermin has been here for about a month and hasn't found any work yet. It's getting colder and the rains are coming. He sleeps in the woods just outside town and dumpster-dives for food. Until he finds a job trimming weed, he gets by on selling his art and playing music on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'We Cannot House These People'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trimmers are paid by the pound, and fast trimmers can make $300-$500 a day, in cash and under the table — but of course if the place where you're trimming gets busted, it could also land you in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some trimmigrants, like Fermin, give the impression they're here to work. But the scene is also attracting drifters who hang around looking pretty drugged out. Locals say European youths often get hired over Americans, who are stereotyped as hippie kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristin Nevedal says migrant trimmers are everywhere, obstructing local businesses and damaging the river with their squatter camps. Nevedal is a local resident and co-founder of the Emerald Growers Association, a group of 400 marijuana farmers all over California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not the fun vacation thing to do, right? To like, show up in Garberville in the fall and see if you can get a job,\" Nevedal says. \"We cannot house these people. Like, don't come unless you have a job.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the county sheriffs, the majority of growers in Humboldt are operating illegally. So hiring strangers from the side of the road, they say, \u003ca href=\"http://kymkemp.com/2012/sep/19/sheriff-dept-tells-growers-know-your-trimmers/\" target=\"_blank\">puts the growers at risk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is risk for trimmers, too. Every year, some go missing, and trimmers have even been killed. They often work in remote areas with no cellphone service or running water, sleeping in tents. Sometimes they don't even know where they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Blake has been growing marijuana since the '70s. His collective, Healing Harvest Farms, is just south, in Mendocino County. Blake's is a small farm, and it's legal. He grows 25 plants — the county limit for medicinal marijuana — but the plants are huge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Look at the different colors,\" Blake says, showing off his plants. \"You got the purples, then you got the dark greens, the light greens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake's marijuana plants look almost like small trees. They're 10 feet high and he says each one will produce about 8 pounds of weed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As soon as you squeeze it, you can feel the resin on it,\" says Blake, handling a plant. \"It gets right on your fingers. It's like, all over it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Good Pay — At Least For Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake brings me to the trimming room where six people, most in their 20s, are sitting and snipping away. Out of concern that a stranger could steal his entire harvest, which is worth almost a quarter-million dollars, Blake hires only trimmers he knows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're sitting here all day long,\" says a trimmer named Bishma, a local who does catering work that mostly supports his wife and two kids. But during the fall harvest, he lives on the farm full time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some people think I sit eight hours at a job,\" says Bishma, \"[but] it's like we're sitting here 14 hours. And it's the same repetitive motion over and over and over again, so people just go to town and just, like, listen to every kind of music they can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Music is a big part of trimming, and the faster the music, the faster the trimmers snip. I watch as their scissors sync with the beat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of locals depend on marijuana for part of their livelihood. For young people who manage to get into the trimmigrant workforce, it's a job so lucrative that some can make all of their money for the year during the three-month harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as laws around the country change -- making marijuana legal -- analysts say the pay scale is bound to go down, making trimming more like any other low-paid farmwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, like farmwork across the country, marijuana production is already becoming mechanized — gradually making trimmigrants a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by Youth Radio. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 Youth Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthradio.org/\">http://www.youthradio.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=With+Harvest+Season%2C+%27Trimmigrants%27+Flock+To+California%27s+Pot+Capital&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Northern California's Humboldt County is known for its towering redwoods. But the region, about 200 miles north of San Francisco, has another claim to fame. Humboldt is to weed what Napa is to fine wine — it's the heart of marijuana production in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every fall, young people, mostly in their 20s, come from all over the world to work the marijuana harvest. They come seeking jobs as \"trimmers\" — workers who manicure the buds to get them ready for market. The locals have a name for these young migrant workers: \"trimmigrants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more than 100,000 marijuana plants growing in the hills around Humboldt, the county sheriff's office estimates. They all need to be harvested around the same time and processed quickly to avoid mold and other problems. So, from September through November, it's all hands on deck. That's where trimmigrants, also called scissor drifters, come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"height: 386px;width: 400px;border: 0px\" src=\"http://www.npr.org/v2/?i=368440223&m=368529528&t=audio\" height=\"386\" wmode=\"opaque\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" width=\"400\" base=\"http://www.npr.org\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand this story, you need to know what trimming is. Marijuana grows like a huge bush, and the flower it produces is the marijuana bud. Trimmers manicure the buds, snipping off the leaves and stems and then shaping them with their scissors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to make the weed stand out, so it sells well at medical marijuana dispensaries and on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garberville, a tiny town of about 900 residents in Humboldt, swarms with trimmigrants during the season — girls and guys with big, bulky backpacks and pit bulls. Many of them look like modern-day hobos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I meet Fermin, a 24-year-old artist from Tennessee, at the far end of town. Like all the trimmers I spoke with, Fermin would use only his first name. Trimming for an illegal operation could make him an accessory to a drug crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I heard you could get work pretty easy,\" Fermin says. \"The reality is it's taking a little bit longer than I expected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fermin has been here for about a month and hasn't found any work yet. It's getting colder and the rains are coming. He sleeps in the woods just outside town and dumpster-dives for food. Until he finds a job trimming weed, he gets by on selling his art and playing music on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'We Cannot House These People'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trimmers are paid by the pound, and fast trimmers can make $300-$500 a day, in cash and under the table — but of course if the place where you're trimming gets busted, it could also land you in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some trimmigrants, like Fermin, give the impression they're here to work. But the scene is also attracting drifters who hang around looking pretty drugged out. Locals say European youths often get hired over Americans, who are stereotyped as hippie kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristin Nevedal says migrant trimmers are everywhere, obstructing local businesses and damaging the river with their squatter camps. Nevedal is a local resident and co-founder of the Emerald Growers Association, a group of 400 marijuana farmers all over California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not the fun vacation thing to do, right? To like, show up in Garberville in the fall and see if you can get a job,\" Nevedal says. \"We cannot house these people. Like, don't come unless you have a job.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the county sheriffs, the majority of growers in Humboldt are operating illegally. So hiring strangers from the side of the road, they say, \u003ca href=\"http://kymkemp.com/2012/sep/19/sheriff-dept-tells-growers-know-your-trimmers/\" target=\"_blank\">puts the growers at risk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is risk for trimmers, too. Every year, some go missing, and trimmers have even been killed. They often work in remote areas with no cellphone service or running water, sleeping in tents. Sometimes they don't even know where they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Blake has been growing marijuana since the '70s. His collective, Healing Harvest Farms, is just south, in Mendocino County. Blake's is a small farm, and it's legal. He grows 25 plants — the county limit for medicinal marijuana — but the plants are huge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Look at the different colors,\" Blake says, showing off his plants. \"You got the purples, then you got the dark greens, the light greens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake's marijuana plants look almost like small trees. They're 10 feet high and he says each one will produce about 8 pounds of weed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As soon as you squeeze it, you can feel the resin on it,\" says Blake, handling a plant. \"It gets right on your fingers. It's like, all over it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Good Pay — At Least For Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake brings me to the trimming room where six people, most in their 20s, are sitting and snipping away. Out of concern that a stranger could steal his entire harvest, which is worth almost a quarter-million dollars, Blake hires only trimmers he knows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're sitting here all day long,\" says a trimmer named Bishma, a local who does catering work that mostly supports his wife and two kids. But during the fall harvest, he lives on the farm full time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some people think I sit eight hours at a job,\" says Bishma, \"[but] it's like we're sitting here 14 hours. And it's the same repetitive motion over and over and over again, so people just go to town and just, like, listen to every kind of music they can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Music is a big part of trimming, and the faster the music, the faster the trimmers snip. I watch as their scissors sync with the beat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of locals depend on marijuana for part of their livelihood. For young people who manage to get into the trimmigrant workforce, it's a job so lucrative that some can make all of their money for the year during the three-month harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as laws around the country change -- making marijuana legal -- analysts say the pay scale is bound to go down, making trimming more like any other low-paid farmwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, like farmwork across the country, marijuana production is already becoming mechanized — gradually making trimmigrants a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by Youth Radio. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 Youth Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthradio.org/\">http://www.youthradio.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=With+Harvest+Season%2C+%27Trimmigrants%27+Flock+To+California%27s+Pot+Capital&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>NASA's Orion spacecraft, which could one day send astronauts to Mars, is stuck on terra firma for at least another day after the space agency's mission control was unable to satisfactorily resolve a number of issues before a 6:45 a.m. PST launch window closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unmanned vehicle is awaiting its first test in Earth orbit. But after multiple delays for high winds and a stuck liquid-oxygen drain valve on one or more of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ulalaunch.com/products_deltaiv.aspx\">Delta IV Heavy\u003c/a> rocket's booster engines, NASA didn't have time to get the rocket off the pad. They will try again Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vehicle perched atop the Delta rocket, known officially as Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, or MPCV, is designed to carry up to 4 astronauts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/02/366832916/nasa-prepares-to-test-new-spacecraft-that-youve-likely-never-heard-of\">Geoff Brumfiel reported earlier this week\u003c/a>, Orion is expected to make two orbits at a distance of 3,600 miles from the Earth's surface on its second lap, before conducting a re-entry burn and splashing down in the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flight is meant to validate the vehicle's basic systems, including avionics, heat shielding and parachutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Geoff: \"It's designed for deep space, but Orion's first mission will be back to the neighborhood of the moon. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/04/12/176798246/in-nasas-budget-plans-to-shrink-wrap-an-asteroid\">The plan is to have a robot capture a small asteroid and drag it back to lunar orbit\u003c/a>. Then Orion will carry up to four astronauts to meet it. It's all supposed to happen in the 2020s, though some say the mission is too complicated and not much of an advance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although unmanned, the stakes are high for the space agency, which sees this test flight as a first step toward the exploration of deep space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/photos-nasa-prepares-orion-send-humans-mars/\">By the year 2040\u003c/a>, NASA hopes Orion will be a key piece of a manned mission to Mars — considered the next logical, if not extremely ambitious, target following the Apollo moon shots of the 1960s and 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=NASA+Scrubs+Orion+Launch+For+Today&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cp>For many online retailers, Cyber Monday is likely to be the peak shopping day of the year. To handle the onslaught of orders, Amazon has begun rolling out a new robot army.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Amazon order-fulfillment center in Tracy is more than 1 million square feet — or 28 football fields, if you prefer — filled with orange and yellow bins flying this way and that on conveyor belts. Chances are, if you ordered a bunch of items in the Bay Area recently, Amazon put that box together here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whether it's consumables or toys or electronics, with 3,500,000 items plus in this building, the odds are, pretty much anything you wanted was likely here,\" says Dave Clark, Amazon's senior vice president of worldwide operations and customer service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At most warehouses, goods are held on shelves, and it's up to humans to go out into them to stock or retrieve stuff. But with technology \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CC8QFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2012-03-19%2Famazon-acquires-kiva-systems-in-second-biggest-takeover.html&ei=JT18VK-jK7fasATNy4HABg&usg=AFQjCNGtx_GKg3TkSjnEMwCzu5vrQWMQkQ&sig2=ysEPhLq7_a_RaOePfkuWCA&bvm=bv.80642063,d.cWc\" target=\"_blank\">that Amazon acquired when it purchased Kiva Systems\u003c/a> in March 2012, the goods move to the humans. Orange robots the shape and size of ottomans zip under shelves, lift them up and whisk them to stations where people like Amazon's Reginaldo Rosales are waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As each shelf arrives next to Rosales, packed to the gills with all sorts of items, a computer terminal displays the specific thing he's supposed to grab — in this case a thermometer — and where on the shelves it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now it's telling us the Monopoly electronic banking game,\" Rosales says. \"We pick the item, we give a six-sided check — make sure it's not damaged — and it tells us what bin. And you confirm it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiva's concept has been around for years now, but this rollout provides an opportunity to see it at great scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this system, not only is there no need for workers to march for miles up and down the aisles — there's no need for aisles at all, which means Amazon can squeeze 50 percent more product into its warehouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might assume that this means Amazon would hire fewer humans, but Senior VP David Clark says Amazon is hiring \u003cem>more\u003c/em> people — 14 percent more than during 2013's holiday season — to accommodate increased demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As these buildings get more selection, they do more volume,\" Clark says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides, an entirely mechanical workforce simply wouldn't work yet, says Massachusetts Institute of Technology researcher Andrew McAfee, for the same reasons robots still would make lousy doubles tennis partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Robots aren't really, really good at manual dexterity. Their vision systems are often not as good as our vision systems,\" McAfee says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the co-author of \"The Second Machine Age\" says the robots are at least as good as people at covering ground in warehouses and hauling merchandise. So why not let them do it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 15,000 Kiva machines whisking around Amazon warehouses across the country; the company's engineers already are developing a next-generation robot.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For many online retailers, Cyber Monday is likely to be the peak shopping day of the year. To handle the onslaught of orders, Amazon has begun rolling out a new robot army.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Amazon order-fulfillment center in Tracy is more than 1 million square feet — or 28 football fields, if you prefer — filled with orange and yellow bins flying this way and that on conveyor belts. Chances are, if you ordered a bunch of items in the Bay Area recently, Amazon put that box together here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whether it's consumables or toys or electronics, with 3,500,000 items plus in this building, the odds are, pretty much anything you wanted was likely here,\" says Dave Clark, Amazon's senior vice president of worldwide operations and customer service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At most warehouses, goods are held on shelves, and it's up to humans to go out into them to stock or retrieve stuff. But with technology \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CC8QFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2012-03-19%2Famazon-acquires-kiva-systems-in-second-biggest-takeover.html&ei=JT18VK-jK7fasATNy4HABg&usg=AFQjCNGtx_GKg3TkSjnEMwCzu5vrQWMQkQ&sig2=ysEPhLq7_a_RaOePfkuWCA&bvm=bv.80642063,d.cWc\" target=\"_blank\">that Amazon acquired when it purchased Kiva Systems\u003c/a> in March 2012, the goods move to the humans. Orange robots the shape and size of ottomans zip under shelves, lift them up and whisk them to stations where people like Amazon's Reginaldo Rosales are waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As each shelf arrives next to Rosales, packed to the gills with all sorts of items, a computer terminal displays the specific thing he's supposed to grab — in this case a thermometer — and where on the shelves it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now it's telling us the Monopoly electronic banking game,\" Rosales says. \"We pick the item, we give a six-sided check — make sure it's not damaged — and it tells us what bin. And you confirm it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiva's concept has been around for years now, but this rollout provides an opportunity to see it at great scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this system, not only is there no need for workers to march for miles up and down the aisles — there's no need for aisles at all, which means Amazon can squeeze 50 percent more product into its warehouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might assume that this means Amazon would hire fewer humans, but Senior VP David Clark says Amazon is hiring \u003cem>more\u003c/em> people — 14 percent more than during 2013's holiday season — to accommodate increased demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As these buildings get more selection, they do more volume,\" Clark says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides, an entirely mechanical workforce simply wouldn't work yet, says Massachusetts Institute of Technology researcher Andrew McAfee, for the same reasons robots still would make lousy doubles tennis partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Robots aren't really, really good at manual dexterity. Their vision systems are often not as good as our vision systems,\" McAfee says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the co-author of \"The Second Machine Age\" says the robots are at least as good as people at covering ground in warehouses and hauling merchandise. So why not let them do it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 15,000 Kiva machines whisking around Amazon warehouses across the country; the company's engineers already are developing a next-generation robot.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A big shift happened in news and information over the past few years: The people who write news and information no longer control the distribution of it. Technology companies do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, it’s Facebook and Twitter — the large social platforms created in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have reached a point of transition where news spaces are no longer owned by newsmakers,” Emily Bell \u003ca href=\"http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Speech%20-%20Silicon%20Valley%20%26%20Journalism%20-%20Make%20up%20or%20Break%20up_Emily%20Bell_Reuters%20Memorial%20Lecture%202014.pdf\">told an audience at the University of Oxford recently\u003c/a>. Bell, who led the digital transition of The Guardian, is currently at the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University. (Here’s her \u003cem>Guardian\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/media/media-blog/2014/nov/23/silicon-valley-companies-journalism-news\">column version\u003c/a> of the speech.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, Bell says, “the pioneers of journalism were also pioneers of communications technology.” Today, the press no longer controls the platforms by which our stuff gets to audiences, she says. Instead, Bell says, they are controlled by private companies that are “unaccountable” to the public in the same way, since they’re fundamentally accountable to commercial interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How We Got Here\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News companies lost control of distribution because they weren’t traditionally tech companies, staffed with engineers or thinking programmatically. Today, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2014/11/04/359829824/dominos-becomes-a-tech-company-that-happens-to-make-pizza\">as even Domino’s Pizza shows\u003c/a>, every company must become a tech company if it wants to control its fate with customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bell says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“We lacked the institutional will or insight to move swiftly enough in the right directions and we were held back in transformation by large, legacy organizations and the revenues that came with them. And doing journalism is a hard, resource hungry business.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The software developer and “father of blogging,” Dave Winer, \u003ca href=\"http://scripting.com/2014/11/24/howToRebuildJournalism.html\">puts a finer point on it\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Journalism stood by while blogging took root. They covered it, but largely dismissed it. They ignored \u003ca href=\"http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/rss/rss.html\">RSS\u003c/a>. They ignored everything, including the threat to their art. I warned them many times, here on scripting.com, that they would regret letting the tech industry own their distribution system. But that’s what happened. Without any resistance whatsoever. Journalism let tech move in and take over.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As Bell \u003ca href=\"https://civic.mit.edu/blog/erhardt/the-newsroom-inside-out-at-the-mit-knight-civic-media-conference\">has chatted with me about\u003c/a> before, it’s very hard to run an innovation “lab” inside a “factory” which is turning out news every day. And as the “Innovator’s Dilemma” has highlighted, it’s exceedingly difficult for businesses to turn away from their main source of revenue \u003cem>right now \u003c/em>to consider the revenue they’ll need five or 10 years from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here’s The Danger\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media platforms now edit and shape culture, even though they feel kind of allergic to having that responsibility. “Every time an algorithm is tweaked, an editorial decision is being made,” Bell writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“As news organisations cease to print physical newspapers, as linear television struggles to survive the buffeting of on-demand services, as services become not just digital first but digital only, journalism and free expression become part of a commercial sphere where the activities of news and journalism are marginal. … Their culture is as alien to reporting and editing as ours is to designing social software.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Algorithms and protocols that run social platforms affect discourse, and the engineers behind those protocols don’t have to think about journalism or democratic responsibility in how news is created and disseminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A prime example of this is the first nights of the protests in Ferguson, Missouri. If you were on Twitter, you saw an endless stream of protest photos and links. If you were on Facebook, \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/message/ferguson-is-also-a-net-neutrality-issue-6d2f3db51eb0\">you saw nearly nothing\u003c/a>. All because engineers decide what news you see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bell writes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“In a world where we navigate our daily lives through social platforms, just how this information reaches us, what is on a ‘trending’ list, how these algorithms work, becomes not just of marginal interest but a central democratic concern. Even the obscure issue of equal access to the internet, or ‘net neutrality’, can affect how we get our news and information.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, Now What?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalism organizations should not be wholly reliant on technology companies, Bell says. The only way to be less reliant is to make more of their own technology — specifically, building tools and services that “put software in the service of journalism rather than the other way around,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalists and editors should learn to make technology, “learn programmatic thinking” and understand the world they operate in, Bell says. She argues that to preserve journalism’s traditional role, “We must stop relying solely on the tools and platforms of others and build our own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winer, who wrote a response to Bell, adds that the open source tools out there are often ignored, but can be adopted and tooled for news purposes. “We have enough open formats and protocols to build a dozen news distribution systems with all kinds of algorithms,” Winer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bell adds that large news organizations (like NPR) that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/about/products/npr-one/\">already make technology\u003c/a> should extend these types of technologies as part of their core mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, she says we ought to be better reporters. Technology is a system of power in it of itself. Journalists should hold it to account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cover technology as a human rights and political issue as if it were Parliament. … It is just as interesting and about 10,000 times more important,” she says. “We have to stop coverage of technology being about queuing for an iPhone and make it about society and power. We need to explain these new systems of power to the world and hold them accountable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Silicon+Valley%27s+Power+Over+The+Free+Press%3A+Why+It+Matters&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A big shift happened in news and information over the past few years: The people who write news and information no longer control the distribution of it. Technology companies do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, it’s Facebook and Twitter — the large social platforms created in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have reached a point of transition where news spaces are no longer owned by newsmakers,” Emily Bell \u003ca href=\"http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Speech%20-%20Silicon%20Valley%20%26%20Journalism%20-%20Make%20up%20or%20Break%20up_Emily%20Bell_Reuters%20Memorial%20Lecture%202014.pdf\">told an audience at the University of Oxford recently\u003c/a>. Bell, who led the digital transition of The Guardian, is currently at the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University. (Here’s her \u003cem>Guardian\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/media/media-blog/2014/nov/23/silicon-valley-companies-journalism-news\">column version\u003c/a> of the speech.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, Bell says, “the pioneers of journalism were also pioneers of communications technology.” Today, the press no longer controls the platforms by which our stuff gets to audiences, she says. Instead, Bell says, they are controlled by private companies that are “unaccountable” to the public in the same way, since they’re fundamentally accountable to commercial interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How We Got Here\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News companies lost control of distribution because they weren’t traditionally tech companies, staffed with engineers or thinking programmatically. Today, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2014/11/04/359829824/dominos-becomes-a-tech-company-that-happens-to-make-pizza\">as even Domino’s Pizza shows\u003c/a>, every company must become a tech company if it wants to control its fate with customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bell says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“We lacked the institutional will or insight to move swiftly enough in the right directions and we were held back in transformation by large, legacy organizations and the revenues that came with them. And doing journalism is a hard, resource hungry business.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The software developer and “father of blogging,” Dave Winer, \u003ca href=\"http://scripting.com/2014/11/24/howToRebuildJournalism.html\">puts a finer point on it\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Journalism stood by while blogging took root. They covered it, but largely dismissed it. They ignored \u003ca href=\"http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/rss/rss.html\">RSS\u003c/a>. They ignored everything, including the threat to their art. I warned them many times, here on scripting.com, that they would regret letting the tech industry own their distribution system. But that’s what happened. Without any resistance whatsoever. Journalism let tech move in and take over.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As Bell \u003ca href=\"https://civic.mit.edu/blog/erhardt/the-newsroom-inside-out-at-the-mit-knight-civic-media-conference\">has chatted with me about\u003c/a> before, it’s very hard to run an innovation “lab” inside a “factory” which is turning out news every day. And as the “Innovator’s Dilemma” has highlighted, it’s exceedingly difficult for businesses to turn away from their main source of revenue \u003cem>right now \u003c/em>to consider the revenue they’ll need five or 10 years from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here’s The Danger\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media platforms now edit and shape culture, even though they feel kind of allergic to having that responsibility. “Every time an algorithm is tweaked, an editorial decision is being made,” Bell writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“As news organisations cease to print physical newspapers, as linear television struggles to survive the buffeting of on-demand services, as services become not just digital first but digital only, journalism and free expression become part of a commercial sphere where the activities of news and journalism are marginal. … Their culture is as alien to reporting and editing as ours is to designing social software.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Algorithms and protocols that run social platforms affect discourse, and the engineers behind those protocols don’t have to think about journalism or democratic responsibility in how news is created and disseminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A prime example of this is the first nights of the protests in Ferguson, Missouri. If you were on Twitter, you saw an endless stream of protest photos and links. If you were on Facebook, \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/message/ferguson-is-also-a-net-neutrality-issue-6d2f3db51eb0\">you saw nearly nothing\u003c/a>. All because engineers decide what news you see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bell writes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“In a world where we navigate our daily lives through social platforms, just how this information reaches us, what is on a ‘trending’ list, how these algorithms work, becomes not just of marginal interest but a central democratic concern. Even the obscure issue of equal access to the internet, or ‘net neutrality’, can affect how we get our news and information.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, Now What?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalism organizations should not be wholly reliant on technology companies, Bell says. 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She argues that to preserve journalism’s traditional role, “We must stop relying solely on the tools and platforms of others and build our own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winer, who wrote a response to Bell, adds that the open source tools out there are often ignored, but can be adopted and tooled for news purposes. “We have enough open formats and protocols to build a dozen news distribution systems with all kinds of algorithms,” Winer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bell adds that large news organizations (like NPR) that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/about/products/npr-one/\">already make technology\u003c/a> should extend these types of technologies as part of their core mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, she says we ought to be better reporters. Technology is a system of power in it of itself. 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"content": "\u003cp>President Barack Obama is expected to unveil executive actions on immigration on Thursday and will address the issue in a speech at a Las Vegas high school on Friday, a source familiar with the process tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update at 1:28 p.m. ET: Obama Will Speak At 8 p.m. Thursday ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Obama \"will address the nation to lay out the executive actions he's taking to fix our broken immigration system,\" the White House says, announcing a video address scheduled for 8 p.m. ET.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The speech can be viewed at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.whitehouse.gov/live\">WhiteHouse.gov/Live\u003c/a> website, in addition to media outlets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our original post continues:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although White House officials would not confirm details, Obama spoke at the same high school in January 2013 when he called on Congress to pass a comprehensive immigration bill. Obama has long said he would take unilateral action on immigration before the end of the year if Congress did not act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest said the president was nearing a final decision on what actions to take.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a discussion on immigration Wednesday at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson said Obama would act \"in the coming days\" but said he did not want to get ahead of the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson defended the idea of Obama acting unilaterally, saying he believes the president has \"a fairly wide latitude within existing executive authority to fix the system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It can't be that we're not allowed to lift a finger to fix the broken immigration system until Congress acts,\" Johnson said. \"Well, we've been waiting for Congress to act. It can't be that we're not allowed to take action in a number of respects to reform the system. And we will. And we've identified a number of ways that we will.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Tamara Keith contributed to this report\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Obama+Expected+To+Unveil+Immigration+Plan+On+Thursday&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although White House officials would not confirm details, Obama spoke at the same high school in January 2013 when he called on Congress to pass a comprehensive immigration bill. Obama has long said he would take unilateral action on immigration before the end of the year if Congress did not act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest said the president was nearing a final decision on what actions to take.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a discussion on immigration Wednesday at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson said Obama would act \"in the coming days\" but said he did not want to get ahead of the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson defended the idea of Obama acting unilaterally, saying he believes the president has \"a fairly wide latitude within existing executive authority to fix the system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It can't be that we're not allowed to lift a finger to fix the broken immigration system until Congress acts,\" Johnson said. \"Well, we've been waiting for Congress to act. It can't be that we're not allowed to take action in a number of respects to reform the system. And we will. And we've identified a number of ways that we will.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Tamara Keith contributed to this report\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Obama+Expected+To+Unveil+Immigration+Plan+On+Thursday&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"soldout": {
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