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"content": "\u003cp>If you looked at the children at the edge of Conrad Cooper's pool, you'd think you were watching an ad for something. Jell-O, maybe. Or a breakfast cereal kids like. They're that cute.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're lined up on the steps in the shallow end, 10 little ones, ranging from ages 2 to 5. The boys are in board trunks, many wearing rash-guard shirts like the weekend surfers they might become years from now. The girls wear bright one-piece suits and two-pieces that show their childish potbellies.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They are a rainbow tribe: black, Asian, white, biracial. And every eye is trained on the large man in the middle of the pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Conrad Cooper has been teaching little kids (and some adults) to swim for 20 years now. His business, Swim to Me, operates out of his pool in the View Park neighborhood of Los Angeles. He has taught kids who scream with fright at being put in the water, and adults who never thought they'd ever be able to swim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/425617386/427018784\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His families come from around the corner and across the ocean, because word of his effectiveness travels. \"He does not fool around,\" parents will tell you, \"but it works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not a method that works for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you think this is someplace you can come and do monkey-walking by the side of the pool and sing songs ... you're in the wrong class,\" Cooper says. A tall brown man with sun-bronzed dreadlocks and Pacific Islander tattoos, Cooper radiates authority, in and out of the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helicopter parents are politely instructed to find a landing place in one of the comfy chairs that ring the large saltwater pool — and stay there. Parents who want Cooper to teach their children have to promise to abide by his rules: They're there to support the method, not to comfort their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sometimes comes as a shock to his students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After two or three times in the pool with me,\" Cooper says, \"they recognize, 'OK, this guy is serious. He's not taking no for an answer. I'm going to do this.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few parents have dropped out over the years. \"We're very clear that it's not for everybody,\" Cooper acknowledges. A slim number find his method too strict and leave. Or never sign up in the first place. But their empty slots are quickly filled by others on a waiting list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lessons are an hour each and run over five days. The cost is a little over $200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooper began teaching in the 1990s, after he and his wife, Londa, bought a home with a pool. They hired someone who taught their niece and several of her friends to swim, and Cooper, who'd been looking to move out of sales work, thought this might be something he could do. In 1995, he began teaching full time, and Swim to Me was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and Londa divide the labor: He teaches, she runs the business, scheduling classes, booking students, keeping everything running smoothly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a relaxed environment. The trees around the pool are hung with chimes that tinkle softly. Light jazz is piped through hidden speakers. Cooper gently instructs and encourages. He sometimes throws in a little etiquette tutoring: \"Conrad, I burped!\" one little boy tells him gleefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You did? Well, what do we say when we burp?\" Cooper asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Um, excuse me?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes, excuse me. Very good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One by one, kids leave the pool stairs and swim over to Cooper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Kick, Logan, c'mon, kick those little legs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Logan McRae, who's wearing swim diapers, puts his little hands into Cooper's big ones. He has powered himself halfway across the pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Atta boy, Logie! Where are you going to swim next?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silently, Logan points at his seated parents, and looks to Cooper for approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're swimming to mommy and daddy?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Logan nods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"OK, then, don't forget to kick!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the first half-hour, the kids get to vary the routine, by jumping off a huge granite rock that's on the side of the pool's deeper end, which causes much hilarity and some parental spritzing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And despite insisting that there's no bubble-blowing or game-playing, when Cooper wades to the shallow end and holds aloft a clutch of plastic toys, the kids squeal with excitement. There's a sea star (\"\u003cem>Not\u003c/em> a starfish!\" Cooper scolds), a stingray and an Ariel from \"The Little Mermaid.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tosses them all in the water. Each child chooses a target, then dives down and emerges, grinning, prize in hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents say they're amazed at the transformation. Meredith Harper points to her daughter, Dove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You see the results. On Monday she couldn't swim,\" Harper says. \"Friday she can swim. It just speaks for itself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caroline Collins says 5-year-old Nate was one of the kids who cried for the first couple of days, but they kept at it. \"And by the end of the week, he was jumping off that rock. And he had no swim experience prior to Conrad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooper says his students don't need prior experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Swimming is the easy part,\" he says. \"It's the trust part that's the most difficult for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he's earned it. His students leave him with hugs, high-fives and kisses. And last year, some of his early students returned with their own children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That's rewarding, I love that,\" Cooper says, as he goes out to greet the next class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=The+%27Swim+Whisperer%27+Teaches+Kids+To+Be+Water-Safe&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His families come from around the corner and across the ocean, because word of his effectiveness travels. \"He does not fool around,\" parents will tell you, \"but it works.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not a method that works for everyone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"If you think this is someplace you can come and do monkey-walking by the side of the pool and sing songs ... you're in the wrong class,\" Cooper says. A tall brown man with sun-bronzed dreadlocks and Pacific Islander tattoos, Cooper radiates authority, in and out of the water.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Helicopter parents are politely instructed to find a landing place in one of the comfy chairs that ring the large saltwater pool — and stay there. Parents who want Cooper to teach their children have to promise to abide by his rules: They're there to support the method, not to comfort their children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That sometimes comes as a shock to his students.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"After two or three times in the pool with me,\" Cooper says, \"they recognize, 'OK, this guy is serious. He's not taking no for an answer. I'm going to do this.' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A few parents have dropped out over the years. \"We're very clear that it's not for everybody,\" Cooper acknowledges. A slim number find his method too strict and leave. Or never sign up in the first place. But their empty slots are quickly filled by others on a waiting list.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The lessons are an hour each and run over five days. The cost is a little over $200.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooper began teaching in the 1990s, after he and his wife, Londa, bought a home with a pool. They hired someone who taught their niece and several of her friends to swim, and Cooper, who'd been looking to move out of sales work, thought this might be something he could do. In 1995, he began teaching full time, and Swim to Me was born.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He and Londa divide the labor: He teaches, she runs the business, scheduling classes, booking students, keeping everything running smoothly.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's a relaxed environment. The trees around the pool are hung with chimes that tinkle softly. Light jazz is piped through hidden speakers. Cooper gently instructs and encourages. He sometimes throws in a little etiquette tutoring: \"Conrad, I burped!\" one little boy tells him gleefully.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You did? Well, what do we say when we burp?\" Cooper asks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Um, excuse me?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Yes, excuse me. Very good.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One by one, kids leave the pool stairs and swim over to Cooper.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Kick, Logan, c'mon, kick those little legs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Logan McRae, who's wearing swim diapers, puts his little hands into Cooper's big ones. He has powered himself halfway across the pool.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Atta boy, Logie! Where are you going to swim next?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Silently, Logan points at his seated parents, and looks to Cooper for approval.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're swimming to mommy and daddy?\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Logan nods.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"OK, then, don't forget to kick!\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>After the first half-hour, the kids get to vary the routine, by jumping off a huge granite rock that's on the side of the pool's deeper end, which causes much hilarity and some parental spritzing.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And despite insisting that there's no bubble-blowing or game-playing, when Cooper wades to the shallow end and holds aloft a clutch of plastic toys, the kids squeal with excitement. There's a sea star (\"\u003cem>Not\u003c/em> a starfish!\" Cooper scolds), a stingray and an Ariel from \"The Little Mermaid.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He tosses them all in the water. Each child chooses a target, then dives down and emerges, grinning, prize in hand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Parents say they're amazed at the transformation. Meredith Harper points to her daughter, Dove.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You see the results. On Monday she couldn't swim,\" Harper says. \"Friday she can swim. It just speaks for itself.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Caroline Collins says 5-year-old Nate was one of the kids who cried for the first couple of days, but they kept at it. \"And by the end of the week, he was jumping off that rock. And he had no swim experience prior to Conrad.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cooper says his students don't need prior experience.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Swimming is the easy part,\" he says. \"It's the trust part that's the most difficult for them.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And he's earned it. His students leave him with hugs, high-fives and kisses. 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"disqusTitle": "How Much the Middle Class Makes -- in the Bay Area and 28 U.S. Cities",
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"content": "\u003cp>\"My family's household income is $250,000 a year, but I promise you I am middle class.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's from a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.michigandaily.com/opinion/02jesse-klein-relative-wealth16\">article in a college newspaper\u003c/a> by a student who grew up in Silicon Valley. And it's the kind of thing you hear pretty often from people who live in expensive parts of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That got us thinking: What do families in the middle of the income distribution actually make in cities around the United States?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/city-distribution-test/child.html\" height=\"1000\" width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About the data: We used the family income data from the 2013 American Community Survey. This counts only families, which the government defines as households with two or more people related by birth, marriage or adoption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The graph focuses on families living in the country's 30 most populous cities. For the most part, it doesn't include those living in suburbs and rural areas. That's why the national median is higher than the median incomes in almost all of the cities on the graph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One final note: In the area around San Jose, 13 percent of families have annual incomes of $250,000 or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Much+%28Or+Little%29+The+Middle+Class+Makes%2C+In+30+U.S.+Cities&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"nprByline": "\u003cstrong>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/people/363792462/quoctrung-bui\" target=\"_blank\">Quoctrung Bui\u003c/a>\u003cbr />NPR's Planet Money\u003c/strong>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\"My family's household income is $250,000 a year, but I promise you I am middle class.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's from a recent \u003ca href=\"http://www.michigandaily.com/opinion/02jesse-klein-relative-wealth16\">article in a college newspaper\u003c/a> by a student who grew up in Silicon Valley. And it's the kind of thing you hear pretty often from people who live in expensive parts of the country.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That got us thinking: What do families in the middle of the income distribution actually make in cities around the United States?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://apps.npr.org/dailygraphics/graphics/city-distribution-test/child.html\" height=\"1000\" width=\"100%\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>About the data: We used the family income data from the 2013 American Community Survey. This counts only families, which the government defines as households with two or more people related by birth, marriage or adoption.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The graph focuses on families living in the country's 30 most populous cities. For the most part, it doesn't include those living in suburbs and rural areas. That's why the national median is higher than the median incomes in almost all of the cities on the graph.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One final note: In the area around San Jose, 13 percent of families have annual incomes of $250,000 or more.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=How+Much+%28Or+Little%29+The+Middle+Class+Makes%2C+In+30+U.S.+Cities&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Video: Mario Cuomo's Speech at 1984 Democratic Convention in San Francisco",
"title": "Video: Mario Cuomo's Speech at 1984 Democratic Convention in San Francisco",
"headTitle": "News Fix | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>On \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> today, NPR's Ron Elving described Mario Cuomo as \"perhaps the last avatar of New Deal liberalism.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuomo, who died yesterday, served three terms as the governor of New York. But he came to national prominence with a speech at the 1984 Democratic Convention in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The speech was a stirring defense of liberalism that electrified the room and made Cuomo an instant contender for higher office. Ultimately, Cuomo decided to remain in state politics, so that DNC speech has remained one of his defining moments. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/01/01/374456157/reports-former-new-york-gov-mario-cuomo-dead-at-82\">We have an obituary of Cuomo here\u003c/a>. But here's an eight-minute excerpt of that 1984 speech:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>http://youtu.be/kOdIqKsv624\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And here's the transcript:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Thank you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On behalf of the great Empire State and the whole family of New York, let me thank you for the great privilege of being able to address this convention. Please allow me to skip the stories and the poetry and the temptation to deal in nice but vague rhetoric. Let me instead use this valuable opportunity to deal immediately with the questions that should determine this election and that we all know are vital to the American people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten days ago, President Reagan admitted that although some people in this country seemed to be doing well nowadays, others were unhappy, even worried, about themselves, their families, and their futures. The President said that he didn't understand that fear. He said, \"Why, this country is a shining city on a hill.\" And the President is right. In many ways we are a shining city on a hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the hard truth is that not everyone is sharing in this city's splendor and glory. A shining city is perhaps all the President sees from the portico of the White House and the veranda of his ranch, where everyone seems to be doing well. But there's another city; there's another part to the shining city; the part where some people can't pay their mortgages, and most young people can't afford one; where students can't afford the education they need, and middle-class parents watch the dreams they hold for their children evaporate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this part of the city there are more poor than ever, more families in trouble, more and more people who need help but can't find it. Even worse: There are elderly people who tremble in the basements of the houses there. And there are people who sleep in the city streets, in the gutter, where the glitter doesn't show. There are ghettos where thousands of young people, without a job or an education, give their lives away to drug dealers every day. There is despair, Mr. President, in the faces that you don't see, in the places that you don't visit in your shining city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Mr. President, this is a nation — Mr. President you ought to know that this nation is more a \"Tale of Two Cities\" than it is just a \"Shining City on a Hill.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe, maybe, Mr. President, if you visited some more places; maybe if you went to Appalachia where some people still live in sheds; maybe if you went to Lackawanna where thousands of unemployed steel workers wonder why we subsidized foreign steel. Maybe — Maybe, Mr. President, if you stopped in at a shelter in Chicago and spoke to the homeless there; maybe, Mr. President, if you asked a woman who had been denied the help she needed to feed her children because you said you needed the money for a tax break for a millionaire or for a missile we couldn't afford to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe — Maybe, Mr. President. But I'm afraid not. Because the truth is, ladies and gentlemen, that this is how we were warned it would be. President Reagan told us from the very beginning that he believed in a kind of social Darwinism. Survival of the fittest. \"Government can't do everything,\" we were told, so it should settle for taking care of the strong and hope that economic ambition and charity will do the rest. Make the rich richer, and what falls from the table will be enough for the middle class and those who are trying desperately to work their way into the middle class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You know, the Republicans called it \"trickle-down\" when Hoover tried it. Now they call it \"supply side.\" But it's the same shining city for those relative few who are lucky enough to live in its good neighborhoods. But for the people who are excluded, for the people who are locked out, all they can do is stare from a distance at that city's glimmering towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an old story. It's as old as our history. The difference between Democrats and Republicans has always been measured in courage and confidence. The Republicans — The Republicans believe that the wagon train will not make it to the frontier unless some of the old, some of the young, some of the weak are left behind by the side of the trail. \"The strong\" — \"The strong,\" they tell us, \"will inherit the land.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We Democrats believe in something else. We democrats believe that we can make it all the way with the whole family intact, and we have more than once. Ever since Franklin Roosevelt lifted himself from his wheelchair to lift this nation from its knees — wagon train after wagon train — to new frontiers of education, housing, peace; the whole family aboard, constantly reaching out to extend and enlarge that family; lifting them up into the wagon on the way; blacks and Hispanics, and people of every ethnic group, and native Americans — all those struggling to build their families and claim some small share of America. For nearly 50 years we carried them all to new levels of comfort, and security, and dignity, even affluence. And remember this, some of us in this room today are here only because this nation had that kind of confidence. And it would be wrong to forget that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, here we are at this convention to remind ourselves where we come from and to claim the future for ourselves and for our children. Today our great Democratic Party, which has saved this nation from depression, from fascism, from racism, from corruption, is called upon to do it again — this time to save the nation from confusion and division, from the threat of eventual fiscal disaster, and most of all from the fear of a nuclear holocaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not going to be easy. Mo Udall is exactly right — it won't be easy. And in order to succeed, we must answer our opponent's polished and appealing rhetoric with a more telling reasonableness and rationality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We must win this case on the merits. We must get the American public to look past the glitter, beyond the showmanship to the reality, the hard substance of things. And we'll do it not so much with speeches that sound good as with speeches that are good and sound; not so much with speeches that will bring people to their feet as with speeches that will bring people to their senses. We must make — We must make the American people hear our \"Tale of Two Cities.\" We must convince them that we don't have to settle for two cities, that we can have one city, indivisible, shining for all of its people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, we will have no chance to do that if what comes out of this convention is a babel of arguing voices. If that's what's heard throughout the campaign, dissident sounds from all sides, we will have no chance to tell our message. To succeed we will have to surrender some small parts of our individual interests, to build a platform that we can all stand on, at once, and comfortably — proudly singing out. We need — We need a platform we can all agree to so that we can sing out the truth for the nation to hear, in chorus, its logic so clear and commanding that no slick Madison Avenue commercial, no amount of geniality, no martial music will be able to muffle the sound of the truth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we Democrats must unite. We Democrats must unite so that the entire nation can unite, because surely the Republicans won't bring this country together. Their policies divide the nation into the lucky and the left-out, into the royalty and the rabble. The Republicans are willing to treat that division as victory. They would cut this nation in half, into those temporarily better off and those worse off than before, and they would call that division recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, we should not — we should not be embarrassed or dismayed or chagrined if the process of unifying is difficult, even wrenching at times. Remember that, unlike any other Party, we embrace men and women of every color, every creed, every orientation, every economic class. In our family are gathered everyone from the abject poor of Essex County in New York, to the enlightened affluent of the gold coasts at both ends of the nation. And in between is the heart of our constituency — the middle class, the people not rich enough to be worry-free, but not poor enough to be on welfare; the middle class — those people who work for a living because they have to, not because some psychiatrist told them it was a convenient way to fill the interval between birth and eternity. White collar and blue collar. Young professionals. Men and women in small business desperate for the capital and contracts that they need to prove their worth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We speak for the minorities who have not yet entered the mainstream. We speak for ethnics who want to add their culture to the magnificent mosaic that is America. We speak — We speak for women who are indignant that this nation refuses to etch into its governmental commandments the simple rule \"thou shalt not sin against equality,\" a rule so simple --\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was going to say, and I perhaps dare not but I will. It's a commandment so simple it can be spelled in three letters: E.R.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We speak — We speak for young people demanding an education and a future. We speak for senior citizens. We speak for senior citizens who are terrorized by the idea that their only security, their Social Security, is being threatened. We speak for millions of reasoning people fighting to preserve our environment from greed and from stupidity. And we speak for reasonable people who are fighting to preserve our very existence from a macho intransigence that refuses to make intelligent attempts to discuss the possibility of nuclear holocaust with our enemy. They refuse. They refuse, because they believe we can pile missiles so high that they will pierce the clouds and the sight of them will frighten our enemies into submission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now we're proud of this diversity as Democrats. We're grateful for it. We don't have to manufacture it the way the Republicans will next month in Dallas, by propping up mannequin delegates on the convention floor. But we, while we're proud of this diversity, we pay a price for it. The different people that we represent have different points of view. And sometimes they compete and even debate, and even argue. That's what our primaries were all about. But now the primaries are over and it is time, when we pick our candidates and our platform here, to lock arms and move into this campaign together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you need any more inspiration to put some small part of your own difference aside to create this consensus, then all you need to do is to reflect on what the Republican policy of divide and cajole has done to this land since 1980. Now the President has asked the American people to judge him on whether or not he's fulfilled the promises he made four years ago. I believe, as Democrats, we ought to accept that challenge. And just for a moment let us consider what he has said and what he's done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inflation — Inflation is down since 1980, but not because of the supply-side miracle promised to us by the President. Inflation was reduced the old-fashioned way: with a recession, the worst since 1932. Now how did we — We could have brought inflation down that way. How did he do it? 55,000 bankruptcies; two years of massive unemployment; 200,000 farmers and ranchers forced off the land; more homeless — more homeless than at any time since the Great Depression in 1932; more hungry, in this world of enormous affluence, the United States of America, more hungry; more poor, most of them women. And — And he paid one other thing, a nearly 200 billion dollar deficit threatening our future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, we must make the American people understand this deficit because they don't. The President's deficit is a direct and dramatic repudiation of his promise in 1980 to balance the budget by 1983. How large is it? The deficit is the largest in the history of the universe. It — President Carter's last budget had a deficit less than one-third of this deficit. It is a deficit that, according to the President's own fiscal adviser, may grow to as much 300 billion dollars a year for \"as far as the eye can see.\" And, ladies and gentlemen, it is a debt so large — that is almost one-half of the money we collect from the personal income tax each year goes just to pay the interest. It is a mortgage on our children's future that can be paid only in pain and that could bring this nation to its knees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now don't take my word for it — I'm a Democrat. Ask the Republican investment bankers on Wall Street what they think the chances of this recovery being permanent are. You see, if they're not too embarrassed to tell you the truth, they'll say that they're appalled and frightened by the President's deficit. Ask them what they think of our economy, now that it's been driven by the distorted value of the dollar back to its colonial condition. Now we're exporting agricultural products and importing manufactured ones. Ask those Republican investment bankers what they expect the rate of interest to be a year from now. And ask them — if they dare tell you the truth — you'll learn from them, what they predict for the inflation rate a year from now, because of the deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, how important is this question of the deficit. Think about it practically: What chance would the Republican candidate have had in 1980 if he had told the American people that he intended to pay for his so-called economic recovery with bankruptcies, unemployment, more homeless, more hungry, and the largest government debt known to humankind? If he had told the voters in 1980 that truth, would American voters have signed the loan certificate for him on Election Day? Of course not! That was an election won under false pretenses. It was won with smoke and mirrors and illusions. And that's the kind of recovery we have now as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about foreign policy? They said that they would make us and the whole world safer. They say they have. By creating the largest defense budget in history, one that even they now admit is excessive — by escalating to a frenzy the nuclear arms race; by incendiary rhetoric; by refusing to discuss peace with our enemies; by the loss of 279 young Americans in Lebanon in pursuit of a plan and a policy that no one can find or describe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We give money to Latin American governments that murder nuns, and then we lie about it. We have been less than zealous in support of our only real friend — it seems to me, in the Middle East — the one democracy there, our flesh and blood ally, the state of Israel. Our — Our policy — Our foreign policy drifts with no real direction, other than an hysterical commitment to an arms race that leads nowhere — if we're lucky. And if we're not, it could lead us into bankruptcy or war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course we must have a strong defense! Of course Democrats are for a strong defense. Of course Democrats believe that there are times that we must stand and fight. And we have. Thousands of us have paid for freedom with our lives. But always — when this country has been at its best — our purposes were clear. Now they're not. Now our allies are as confused as our enemies. Now we have no real commitment to our friends or to our ideals — not to human rights, not to the refuseniks, not to Sakharov, not to Bishop Tutu and the others struggling for freedom in South Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We — We have in the last few years spent more than we can afford. We have pounded our chests and made bold speeches. But we lost 279 young Americans in Lebanon and we live behind sand bags in Washington. How can anyone say that we are safer, stronger, or better?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That — That is the Republican record. That its disastrous quality is not more fully understood by the American people I can only attribute to the President's amiability and the failure by some to separate the salesman from the product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, now — now — now it's up to us. Now it's up to you and to me to make the case to America. And to remind Americans that if they are not happy with all that the President has done so far, they should consider how much worse it will be if he is left to his radical proclivities for another four years unrestrained. Unrestrained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, if — if July — if July brings back Ann Gorsuch Burford — what can we expect of December? Where would — Where would another four years take us? Where would four years more take us? How much larger will the deficit be? How much deeper the cuts in programs for the struggling middle class and the poor to limit that deficit? How high will the interest rates be? How much more acid rain killing our forests and fouling our lakes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, ladies and gentlemen, please think of this — the nation must think of this: What kind of Supreme Court will we have?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Please. [beckons audience to settle down]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We — We must ask ourselves what kind of court and country will be fashioned by the man who believes in having government mandate people's religion and morality; the man who believes that trees pollute the environment; the man that believes that — that the laws against discrimination against people go too far; a man who threatens Social Security and Medicaid and help for the disabled. How high will we pile the missiles? How much deeper will the gulf be between us and our enemies? And, ladies and gentlemen, will four years more make meaner the spirit of the American people? This election will measure the record of the past four years. But more than that, it will answer the question of what kind of people we want to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We Democrats still have a dream. We still believe in this nation's future. And this is our answer to the question. This is our credo:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in only the government we need, but we insist on all the government we need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in a government that is characterized by fairness and reasonableness, a reasonableness that goes beyond labels, that doesn't distort or promise to do things that we know we can't do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in a government strong enough to use words like \"love\" and \"compassion\" and smart enough to convert our noblest aspirations into practical realities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in encouraging the talented, but we believe that while survival of the fittest may be a good working description of the process of evolution, a government of humans should elevate itself to a higher order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We — Our — Our government — Our government should be able to rise to the level where it can fill the gaps that are left by chance or by a wisdom we don't fully understand. We would rather have laws written by the patron of this great city, the man called the \"world's most sincere Democrat,\" St. Francis of Assisi, than laws written by Darwin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe — We believe as Democrats, that a society as blessed as ours, the most affluent democracy in the world's history, one that can spend trillions on instruments of destruction, ought to be able to help the middle class in its struggle, ought to be able to find work for all who can do it, room at the table, shelter for the homeless, care for the elderly and infirm, and hope for the destitute. And we proclaim as loudly as we can the utter insanity of nuclear proliferation and the need for a nuclear freeze, if only to affirm the simple truth that peace is better than war because life is better than death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in firm — We believe in firm but fair law and order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe proudly in the union movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in a — We believe — We believe in privacy for people, openness by government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in civil rights, and we believe in human rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in a single — We believe in a single fundamental idea that describes better than most textbooks and any speech that I could write what a proper government should be: the idea of family, mutuality, the sharing of benefits and burdens for the good of all, feeling one another's pain, sharing one another's blessings — reasonably, honestly, fairly, without respect to race, or sex, or geography, or political affiliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe we must be the family of America, recognizing that at the heart of the matter we are bound one to another, that the problems of a retired school teacher in Duluth are our problems; that the future of the child — that the future of the child in Buffalo is our future; that the struggle of a disabled man in Boston to survive and live decently is our struggle; that the hunger of a woman in Little Rock is our hunger; that the failure anywhere to provide what reasonably we might, to avoid pain, is our failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now for 50 years — for 50 years we Democrats created a better future for our children, using traditional Democratic principles as a fixed beacon, giving us direction and purpose, but constantly innovating, adapting to new realities: Roosevelt's alphabet programs; Truman's NATO and the GI Bill of Rights; Kennedy's intelligent tax incentives and the Alliance for Progress; Johnson's civil rights; Carter's human rights and the nearly miraculous Camp David Peace Accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats did it — Democrats did it and Democrats can do it again. We can build a future that deals with our deficit. Remember this, that 50 years of progress under our principles never cost us what the last four years of stagnation have. And we can deal with the deficit intelligently, by shared sacrifice, with all parts of the nation's family contributing, building partnerships with the private sector, providing a sound defense without depriving ourselves of what we need to feed our children and care for our people. We can have a future that provides for all the young of the present, by marrying common sense and compassion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know we can, because we did it for nearly 50 years before 1980. And we can do it again, if we do not forget — if we do not forget that this entire nation has profited by these progressive principles; that they helped lift up generations to the middle class and higher; that they gave us a chance to work, to go to college, to raise a family, to own a house, to be secure in our old age and, before that, to reach heights that our own parents would not have dared dream of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That struggle to live with dignity is the real story of the shining city. And it's a story, ladies and gentlemen, that I didn't read in a book, or learn in a classroom. I saw it and lived it, like many of you. I watched a small man with thick calluses on both his hands work 15 and 16 hours a day. I saw him once literally bleed from the bottoms of his feet, a man who came here uneducated, alone, unable to speak the language, who taught me all I needed to know about faith and hard work by the simple eloquence of his example. I learned about our kind of democracy from my father. And I learned about our obligation to each other from him and from my mother. They asked only for a chance to work and to make the world better for their children, and they — they asked to be protected in those moments when they would not be able to protect themselves. This nation and this nation's government did that for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that they were able to build a family and live in dignity and see one of their children go from behind their little grocery store in South Jamaica on the other side of the tracks where he was born, to occupy the highest seat, in the greatest State, in the greatest nation, in the only world we would know, is an ineffably beautiful tribute to the democratic process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And — And ladies and gentlemen, on January 20, 1985, it will happen again — only on a much, much grander scale. We will have a new President of the United States, a Democrat born not to the blood of kings but to the blood of pioneers and immigrants. And we will have America's first woman Vice President, the child of immigrants, and she — she — she will open with one magnificent stroke, a whole new frontier for the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it will happen. It will happen if we make it happen; if you and I make it happen. And I ask you now, ladies and gentlemen, brothers and sisters, for the good of all of us, for the love of this great nation, for the family of America, for the love of God: Please, make this nation remember how futures are built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thank you and God bless you.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH%3A+Mario+Cuomo%27s+Speech+At+The+1984+Democratic+Convention&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>On \u003cem>Morning Edition\u003c/em> today, NPR's Ron Elving described Mario Cuomo as \"perhaps the last avatar of New Deal liberalism.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Cuomo, who died yesterday, served three terms as the governor of New York. But he came to national prominence with a speech at the 1984 Democratic Convention in San Francisco.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The speech was a stirring defense of liberalism that electrified the room and made Cuomo an instant contender for higher office. Ultimately, Cuomo decided to remain in state politics, so that DNC speech has remained one of his defining moments. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2015/01/01/374456157/reports-former-new-york-gov-mario-cuomo-dead-at-82\">We have an obituary of Cuomo here\u003c/a>. But here's an eight-minute excerpt of that 1984 speech:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/kOdIqKsv624'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/kOdIqKsv624'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>And here's the transcript:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>Thank you.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On behalf of the great Empire State and the whole family of New York, let me thank you for the great privilege of being able to address this convention. Please allow me to skip the stories and the poetry and the temptation to deal in nice but vague rhetoric. Let me instead use this valuable opportunity to deal immediately with the questions that should determine this election and that we all know are vital to the American people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Ten days ago, President Reagan admitted that although some people in this country seemed to be doing well nowadays, others were unhappy, even worried, about themselves, their families, and their futures. The President said that he didn't understand that fear. He said, \"Why, this country is a shining city on a hill.\" And the President is right. In many ways we are a shining city on a hill.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the hard truth is that not everyone is sharing in this city's splendor and glory. A shining city is perhaps all the President sees from the portico of the White House and the veranda of his ranch, where everyone seems to be doing well. But there's another city; there's another part to the shining city; the part where some people can't pay their mortgages, and most young people can't afford one; where students can't afford the education they need, and middle-class parents watch the dreams they hold for their children evaporate.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In this part of the city there are more poor than ever, more families in trouble, more and more people who need help but can't find it. Even worse: There are elderly people who tremble in the basements of the houses there. And there are people who sleep in the city streets, in the gutter, where the glitter doesn't show. There are ghettos where thousands of young people, without a job or an education, give their lives away to drug dealers every day. There is despair, Mr. President, in the faces that you don't see, in the places that you don't visit in your shining city.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In fact, Mr. President, this is a nation — Mr. President you ought to know that this nation is more a \"Tale of Two Cities\" than it is just a \"Shining City on a Hill.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe, maybe, Mr. President, if you visited some more places; maybe if you went to Appalachia where some people still live in sheds; maybe if you went to Lackawanna where thousands of unemployed steel workers wonder why we subsidized foreign steel. Maybe — Maybe, Mr. President, if you stopped in at a shelter in Chicago and spoke to the homeless there; maybe, Mr. President, if you asked a woman who had been denied the help she needed to feed her children because you said you needed the money for a tax break for a millionaire or for a missile we couldn't afford to use.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Maybe — Maybe, Mr. President. But I'm afraid not. Because the truth is, ladies and gentlemen, that this is how we were warned it would be. President Reagan told us from the very beginning that he believed in a kind of social Darwinism. Survival of the fittest. \"Government can't do everything,\" we were told, so it should settle for taking care of the strong and hope that economic ambition and charity will do the rest. Make the rich richer, and what falls from the table will be enough for the middle class and those who are trying desperately to work their way into the middle class.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You know, the Republicans called it \"trickle-down\" when Hoover tried it. Now they call it \"supply side.\" But it's the same shining city for those relative few who are lucky enough to live in its good neighborhoods. But for the people who are excluded, for the people who are locked out, all they can do is stare from a distance at that city's glimmering towers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's an old story. It's as old as our history. The difference between Democrats and Republicans has always been measured in courage and confidence. The Republicans — The Republicans believe that the wagon train will not make it to the frontier unless some of the old, some of the young, some of the weak are left behind by the side of the trail. \"The strong\" — \"The strong,\" they tell us, \"will inherit the land.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We Democrats believe in something else. We democrats believe that we can make it all the way with the whole family intact, and we have more than once. Ever since Franklin Roosevelt lifted himself from his wheelchair to lift this nation from its knees — wagon train after wagon train — to new frontiers of education, housing, peace; the whole family aboard, constantly reaching out to extend and enlarge that family; lifting them up into the wagon on the way; blacks and Hispanics, and people of every ethnic group, and native Americans — all those struggling to build their families and claim some small share of America. For nearly 50 years we carried them all to new levels of comfort, and security, and dignity, even affluence. And remember this, some of us in this room today are here only because this nation had that kind of confidence. And it would be wrong to forget that.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, here we are at this convention to remind ourselves where we come from and to claim the future for ourselves and for our children. Today our great Democratic Party, which has saved this nation from depression, from fascism, from racism, from corruption, is called upon to do it again — this time to save the nation from confusion and division, from the threat of eventual fiscal disaster, and most of all from the fear of a nuclear holocaust.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That's not going to be easy. Mo Udall is exactly right — it won't be easy. And in order to succeed, we must answer our opponent's polished and appealing rhetoric with a more telling reasonableness and rationality.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We must win this case on the merits. We must get the American public to look past the glitter, beyond the showmanship to the reality, the hard substance of things. And we'll do it not so much with speeches that sound good as with speeches that are good and sound; not so much with speeches that will bring people to their feet as with speeches that will bring people to their senses. We must make — We must make the American people hear our \"Tale of Two Cities.\" We must convince them that we don't have to settle for two cities, that we can have one city, indivisible, shining for all of its people.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, we will have no chance to do that if what comes out of this convention is a babel of arguing voices. If that's what's heard throughout the campaign, dissident sounds from all sides, we will have no chance to tell our message. To succeed we will have to surrender some small parts of our individual interests, to build a platform that we can all stand on, at once, and comfortably — proudly singing out. We need — We need a platform we can all agree to so that we can sing out the truth for the nation to hear, in chorus, its logic so clear and commanding that no slick Madison Avenue commercial, no amount of geniality, no martial music will be able to muffle the sound of the truth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And we Democrats must unite. We Democrats must unite so that the entire nation can unite, because surely the Republicans won't bring this country together. Their policies divide the nation into the lucky and the left-out, into the royalty and the rabble. The Republicans are willing to treat that division as victory. They would cut this nation in half, into those temporarily better off and those worse off than before, and they would call that division recovery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, we should not — we should not be embarrassed or dismayed or chagrined if the process of unifying is difficult, even wrenching at times. Remember that, unlike any other Party, we embrace men and women of every color, every creed, every orientation, every economic class. In our family are gathered everyone from the abject poor of Essex County in New York, to the enlightened affluent of the gold coasts at both ends of the nation. And in between is the heart of our constituency — the middle class, the people not rich enough to be worry-free, but not poor enough to be on welfare; the middle class — those people who work for a living because they have to, not because some psychiatrist told them it was a convenient way to fill the interval between birth and eternity. White collar and blue collar. Young professionals. Men and women in small business desperate for the capital and contracts that they need to prove their worth.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We speak for the minorities who have not yet entered the mainstream. We speak for ethnics who want to add their culture to the magnificent mosaic that is America. We speak — We speak for women who are indignant that this nation refuses to etch into its governmental commandments the simple rule \"thou shalt not sin against equality,\" a rule so simple --\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I was going to say, and I perhaps dare not but I will. It's a commandment so simple it can be spelled in three letters: E.R.A.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We speak — We speak for young people demanding an education and a future. We speak for senior citizens. We speak for senior citizens who are terrorized by the idea that their only security, their Social Security, is being threatened. We speak for millions of reasoning people fighting to preserve our environment from greed and from stupidity. And we speak for reasonable people who are fighting to preserve our very existence from a macho intransigence that refuses to make intelligent attempts to discuss the possibility of nuclear holocaust with our enemy. They refuse. They refuse, because they believe we can pile missiles so high that they will pierce the clouds and the sight of them will frighten our enemies into submission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now we're proud of this diversity as Democrats. We're grateful for it. We don't have to manufacture it the way the Republicans will next month in Dallas, by propping up mannequin delegates on the convention floor. But we, while we're proud of this diversity, we pay a price for it. The different people that we represent have different points of view. And sometimes they compete and even debate, and even argue. That's what our primaries were all about. But now the primaries are over and it is time, when we pick our candidates and our platform here, to lock arms and move into this campaign together.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>If you need any more inspiration to put some small part of your own difference aside to create this consensus, then all you need to do is to reflect on what the Republican policy of divide and cajole has done to this land since 1980. Now the President has asked the American people to judge him on whether or not he's fulfilled the promises he made four years ago. I believe, as Democrats, we ought to accept that challenge. And just for a moment let us consider what he has said and what he's done.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Inflation — Inflation is down since 1980, but not because of the supply-side miracle promised to us by the President. Inflation was reduced the old-fashioned way: with a recession, the worst since 1932. Now how did we — We could have brought inflation down that way. How did he do it? 55,000 bankruptcies; two years of massive unemployment; 200,000 farmers and ranchers forced off the land; more homeless — more homeless than at any time since the Great Depression in 1932; more hungry, in this world of enormous affluence, the United States of America, more hungry; more poor, most of them women. And — And he paid one other thing, a nearly 200 billion dollar deficit threatening our future.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, we must make the American people understand this deficit because they don't. The President's deficit is a direct and dramatic repudiation of his promise in 1980 to balance the budget by 1983. How large is it? The deficit is the largest in the history of the universe. It — President Carter's last budget had a deficit less than one-third of this deficit. It is a deficit that, according to the President's own fiscal adviser, may grow to as much 300 billion dollars a year for \"as far as the eye can see.\" And, ladies and gentlemen, it is a debt so large — that is almost one-half of the money we collect from the personal income tax each year goes just to pay the interest. It is a mortgage on our children's future that can be paid only in pain and that could bring this nation to its knees.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now don't take my word for it — I'm a Democrat. Ask the Republican investment bankers on Wall Street what they think the chances of this recovery being permanent are. You see, if they're not too embarrassed to tell you the truth, they'll say that they're appalled and frightened by the President's deficit. Ask them what they think of our economy, now that it's been driven by the distorted value of the dollar back to its colonial condition. Now we're exporting agricultural products and importing manufactured ones. Ask those Republican investment bankers what they expect the rate of interest to be a year from now. And ask them — if they dare tell you the truth — you'll learn from them, what they predict for the inflation rate a year from now, because of the deficit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, how important is this question of the deficit. Think about it practically: What chance would the Republican candidate have had in 1980 if he had told the American people that he intended to pay for his so-called economic recovery with bankruptcies, unemployment, more homeless, more hungry, and the largest government debt known to humankind? If he had told the voters in 1980 that truth, would American voters have signed the loan certificate for him on Election Day? Of course not! That was an election won under false pretenses. It was won with smoke and mirrors and illusions. And that's the kind of recovery we have now as well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But what about foreign policy? They said that they would make us and the whole world safer. They say they have. By creating the largest defense budget in history, one that even they now admit is excessive — by escalating to a frenzy the nuclear arms race; by incendiary rhetoric; by refusing to discuss peace with our enemies; by the loss of 279 young Americans in Lebanon in pursuit of a plan and a policy that no one can find or describe.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We give money to Latin American governments that murder nuns, and then we lie about it. We have been less than zealous in support of our only real friend — it seems to me, in the Middle East — the one democracy there, our flesh and blood ally, the state of Israel. Our — Our policy — Our foreign policy drifts with no real direction, other than an hysterical commitment to an arms race that leads nowhere — if we're lucky. And if we're not, it could lead us into bankruptcy or war.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Of course we must have a strong defense! Of course Democrats are for a strong defense. Of course Democrats believe that there are times that we must stand and fight. And we have. Thousands of us have paid for freedom with our lives. But always — when this country has been at its best — our purposes were clear. Now they're not. Now our allies are as confused as our enemies. Now we have no real commitment to our friends or to our ideals — not to human rights, not to the refuseniks, not to Sakharov, not to Bishop Tutu and the others struggling for freedom in South Africa.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We — We have in the last few years spent more than we can afford. We have pounded our chests and made bold speeches. But we lost 279 young Americans in Lebanon and we live behind sand bags in Washington. How can anyone say that we are safer, stronger, or better?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That — That is the Republican record. That its disastrous quality is not more fully understood by the American people I can only attribute to the President's amiability and the failure by some to separate the salesman from the product.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, now — now — now it's up to us. Now it's up to you and to me to make the case to America. And to remind Americans that if they are not happy with all that the President has done so far, they should consider how much worse it will be if he is left to his radical proclivities for another four years unrestrained. Unrestrained.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, if — if July — if July brings back Ann Gorsuch Burford — what can we expect of December? Where would — Where would another four years take us? Where would four years more take us? How much larger will the deficit be? How much deeper the cuts in programs for the struggling middle class and the poor to limit that deficit? How high will the interest rates be? How much more acid rain killing our forests and fouling our lakes?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, ladies and gentlemen, please think of this — the nation must think of this: What kind of Supreme Court will we have?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Please. [beckons audience to settle down]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We — We must ask ourselves what kind of court and country will be fashioned by the man who believes in having government mandate people's religion and morality; the man who believes that trees pollute the environment; the man that believes that — that the laws against discrimination against people go too far; a man who threatens Social Security and Medicaid and help for the disabled. How high will we pile the missiles? How much deeper will the gulf be between us and our enemies? And, ladies and gentlemen, will four years more make meaner the spirit of the American people? This election will measure the record of the past four years. But more than that, it will answer the question of what kind of people we want to be.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We Democrats still have a dream. We still believe in this nation's future. And this is our answer to the question. This is our credo:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in only the government we need, but we insist on all the government we need.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in a government that is characterized by fairness and reasonableness, a reasonableness that goes beyond labels, that doesn't distort or promise to do things that we know we can't do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in a government strong enough to use words like \"love\" and \"compassion\" and smart enough to convert our noblest aspirations into practical realities.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in encouraging the talented, but we believe that while survival of the fittest may be a good working description of the process of evolution, a government of humans should elevate itself to a higher order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We — Our — Our government — Our government should be able to rise to the level where it can fill the gaps that are left by chance or by a wisdom we don't fully understand. We would rather have laws written by the patron of this great city, the man called the \"world's most sincere Democrat,\" St. Francis of Assisi, than laws written by Darwin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe — We believe as Democrats, that a society as blessed as ours, the most affluent democracy in the world's history, one that can spend trillions on instruments of destruction, ought to be able to help the middle class in its struggle, ought to be able to find work for all who can do it, room at the table, shelter for the homeless, care for the elderly and infirm, and hope for the destitute. And we proclaim as loudly as we can the utter insanity of nuclear proliferation and the need for a nuclear freeze, if only to affirm the simple truth that peace is better than war because life is better than death.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in firm — We believe in firm but fair law and order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe proudly in the union movement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in a — We believe — We believe in privacy for people, openness by government.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in civil rights, and we believe in human rights.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe in a single — We believe in a single fundamental idea that describes better than most textbooks and any speech that I could write what a proper government should be: the idea of family, mutuality, the sharing of benefits and burdens for the good of all, feeling one another's pain, sharing one another's blessings — reasonably, honestly, fairly, without respect to race, or sex, or geography, or political affiliation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We believe we must be the family of America, recognizing that at the heart of the matter we are bound one to another, that the problems of a retired school teacher in Duluth are our problems; that the future of the child — that the future of the child in Buffalo is our future; that the struggle of a disabled man in Boston to survive and live decently is our struggle; that the hunger of a woman in Little Rock is our hunger; that the failure anywhere to provide what reasonably we might, to avoid pain, is our failure.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now for 50 years — for 50 years we Democrats created a better future for our children, using traditional Democratic principles as a fixed beacon, giving us direction and purpose, but constantly innovating, adapting to new realities: Roosevelt's alphabet programs; Truman's NATO and the GI Bill of Rights; Kennedy's intelligent tax incentives and the Alliance for Progress; Johnson's civil rights; Carter's human rights and the nearly miraculous Camp David Peace Accord.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Democrats did it — Democrats did it and Democrats can do it again. We can build a future that deals with our deficit. Remember this, that 50 years of progress under our principles never cost us what the last four years of stagnation have. And we can deal with the deficit intelligently, by shared sacrifice, with all parts of the nation's family contributing, building partnerships with the private sector, providing a sound defense without depriving ourselves of what we need to feed our children and care for our people. We can have a future that provides for all the young of the present, by marrying common sense and compassion.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>We know we can, because we did it for nearly 50 years before 1980. And we can do it again, if we do not forget — if we do not forget that this entire nation has profited by these progressive principles; that they helped lift up generations to the middle class and higher; that they gave us a chance to work, to go to college, to raise a family, to own a house, to be secure in our old age and, before that, to reach heights that our own parents would not have dared dream of.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That struggle to live with dignity is the real story of the shining city. And it's a story, ladies and gentlemen, that I didn't read in a book, or learn in a classroom. I saw it and lived it, like many of you. I watched a small man with thick calluses on both his hands work 15 and 16 hours a day. I saw him once literally bleed from the bottoms of his feet, a man who came here uneducated, alone, unable to speak the language, who taught me all I needed to know about faith and hard work by the simple eloquence of his example. I learned about our kind of democracy from my father. And I learned about our obligation to each other from him and from my mother. They asked only for a chance to work and to make the world better for their children, and they — they asked to be protected in those moments when they would not be able to protect themselves. This nation and this nation's government did that for them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And that they were able to build a family and live in dignity and see one of their children go from behind their little grocery store in South Jamaica on the other side of the tracks where he was born, to occupy the highest seat, in the greatest State, in the greatest nation, in the only world we would know, is an ineffably beautiful tribute to the democratic process.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And — And ladies and gentlemen, on January 20, 1985, it will happen again — only on a much, much grander scale. We will have a new President of the United States, a Democrat born not to the blood of kings but to the blood of pioneers and immigrants. And we will have America's first woman Vice President, the child of immigrants, and she — she — she will open with one magnificent stroke, a whole new frontier for the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, it will happen. It will happen if we make it happen; if you and I make it happen. And I ask you now, ladies and gentlemen, brothers and sisters, for the good of all of us, for the love of this great nation, for the family of America, for the love of God: Please, make this nation remember how futures are built.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Thank you and God bless you.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2015 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=WATCH%3A+Mario+Cuomo%27s+Speech+At+The+1984+Democratic+Convention&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cp>California residents who are living without documentation soon will be eligible to apply for driver's licenses, thanks to a new law that takes effect in the new year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's Department of Motor Vehicles is expecting 1.6 million immigrants to apply in the first few years, and law enforcement, community groups and others are preparing for the surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In central Los Angeles, about 150 parishioners recently packed into Holy Spirit Catholic Church, not for a Mass but for a training session. Presenter after presenter explained the new law, called AB60, which goes into effect on Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know that the city of L.A. has a big immigrant population that doesn't have a driver's license, and they're driving in the city of L.A.,\" Juan Gonzalez, a lieutenant with the Los Angeles Police Department, told the crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're driving all over the state — in California's cities, in rural areas, commuting to work and school or just traveling. Like most people do — only in the shadows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And we know that a lot of the accidents that get caused — we have a lot of hit-and-runs, because of the fear because they don't have driver's licenses,\" Gonzalez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That can leave a legal driver — someone with a license — in a bind, or turn a small incident for the immigrant, driving illegally, into a misdemeanor or felony. That leads to arrests, impounded cars and just generally bad blood between cops and immigrant drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So it's actually better for the police department for most of our drivers to be licensed and know how to drive,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California isn't the first state to have this kind of law — Connecticut is implementing a similar one now, and a handful of other states already allow undocumented immigrants to apply for driver's licenses or card equivalents — but it's is certainly the biggest. The expectation of 1.6 million new applicants has spurred the state's DMV to add 800 employees to help with the transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community groups and churches like Holy Spirit are helping in their own way, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/detail/pubs/interactive/tdrive/exam\" target=\"_blank\">preparing people for the written tests\u003c/a> and walking them through \u003ca href=\"https://apps.dmv.ca.gov/ab60/doc_req_matrix.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">the needed documentation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rev. Aloysius Ezeonyeka, also known as Father Al, is an immigrant himself, so he knows how important it was to him to get his driver's license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have no idea how many years a lot of those people have been living in darkness of the law, hoping that nobody catches them,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Churchgoer Marta Quinto knows that well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You always afraid to be stopped by the police. Then they can take your car,\" she says. \"So, I'm excited by this opportunity that we have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Quinto plans to take full advantage: She's been to every training session, and is studying in Spanish and in English. And she already has set a date to take the exam — Jan. 2, a day after the new law goes into effect. Quinto hopes that soon after, she'll be able to drive her two kids legally for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+DMV+Prepares+For+Undocumented+Residents+Applying+For+Licenses&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>California residents who are living without documentation soon will be eligible to apply for driver's licenses, thanks to a new law that takes effect in the new year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The state's Department of Motor Vehicles is expecting 1.6 million immigrants to apply in the first few years, and law enforcement, community groups and others are preparing for the surge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In central Los Angeles, about 150 parishioners recently packed into Holy Spirit Catholic Church, not for a Mass but for a training session. Presenter after presenter explained the new law, called AB60, which goes into effect on Jan. 1.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We know that the city of L.A. has a big immigrant population that doesn't have a driver's license, and they're driving in the city of L.A.,\" Juan Gonzalez, a lieutenant with the Los Angeles Police Department, told the crowd.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>They're driving all over the state — in California's cities, in rural areas, commuting to work and school or just traveling. Like most people do — only in the shadows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"And we know that a lot of the accidents that get caused — we have a lot of hit-and-runs, because of the fear because they don't have driver's licenses,\" Gonzalez says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That can leave a legal driver — someone with a license — in a bind, or turn a small incident for the immigrant, driving illegally, into a misdemeanor or felony. That leads to arrests, impounded cars and just generally bad blood between cops and immigrant drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So it's actually better for the police department for most of our drivers to be licensed and know how to drive,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>California isn't the first state to have this kind of law — Connecticut is implementing a similar one now, and a handful of other states already allow undocumented immigrants to apply for driver's licenses or card equivalents — but it's is certainly the biggest. The expectation of 1.6 million new applicants has spurred the state's DMV to add 800 employees to help with the transition.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Community groups and churches like Holy Spirit are helping in their own way, \u003ca href=\"https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/detail/pubs/interactive/tdrive/exam\" target=\"_blank\">preparing people for the written tests\u003c/a> and walking them through \u003ca href=\"https://apps.dmv.ca.gov/ab60/doc_req_matrix.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">the needed documentation\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Rev. Aloysius Ezeonyeka, also known as Father Al, is an immigrant himself, so he knows how important it was to him to get his driver's license.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You have no idea how many years a lot of those people have been living in darkness of the law, hoping that nobody catches them,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Churchgoer Marta Quinto knows that well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You always afraid to be stopped by the police. Then they can take your car,\" she says. \"So, I'm excited by this opportunity that we have.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And Quinto plans to take full advantage: She's been to every training session, and is studying in Spanish and in English. And she already has set a date to take the exam — Jan. 2, a day after the new law goes into effect. Quinto hopes that soon after, she'll be able to drive her two kids legally for the first time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=California+DMV+Prepares+For+Undocumented+Residents+Applying+For+Licenses&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>\u003cb>Update, 11: 39 a.m.:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Barack Obama \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6MgATBZMII\" target=\"_blank\">announced today \u003c/a>the most significant change in U.S. policy toward Cuba in more than 50 years, paving the way for the normalization of relations and the opening of a U.S. Embassy in Havana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama said, \"We will end an outdated approach that for decades has failed to advance our interests, and instead we will begin to normalize relations between our two countries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added: \"These 50 years have shown isolation has not worked. It's time for a new approach.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama said as these changes unfold, he will talk to Congress about lifting the embargo on Cuba. The U.S. severed diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1961, shortly after Fidel Castro and his communist rebels ousted dictator Fulgencio Batista.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's good to be home.' \u003ccite>Alan Gross,\u003cbr>\nAmerican contractor released from Cuban jail\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In a nationally televised address that coincided with Obama's remarks, Cuban President Raul Castro called on the United States to \"remove any obstacles that hinder ties between our two countries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This decision by President Obama deserves the respect and recognition of our people,\" Castro said. However, he added, this \"does not mean that the most important issue has been resolved. The embargo on our country ... has to end.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite \"profound differences,\" Castro said, Cuba is willing to talk to the United States about thorny subjects, including human rights and democracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today's developments come hours after news emerged that Alan Gross, the American contractor who spent five years in a Cuban jail, had been freed on humanitarian grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's good to be home,\" Gross \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/17/371467076/alan-gross-u-s-contractor-freed-by-cuba-says-its-good-to-be-home\" target=\"_blank\">said in Washington\u003c/a>, shortly after his return to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials also said three Cuban spies, part of the so-called Cuban Five spy ring, will be released in exchange for an \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/17/371453374/prisoner-exchange-with-cuba-led-to-freedom-for-top-u-s-spy\" target=\"_blank\">unnamed U.S. intelligence asset\u003c/a> jailed in Cuba for nearly 20 years. That individual, U.S. officials said, identified the Cuban Five, Cuban intelligence agents in the U.S. who were caught in the 1990s. He also identified former Defense Intelligence Agency analyst Ana Belen Montes and former State Department official Kendall Myers and his wife, Gwendolyn, as Cuban agents. Castro, in his news conference, said the man was a Cuban national.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials said the two countries will also normalize banking and trade relations. They said the U.S. expects to have differences with Cuba on issues such as democracy and human rights, but the move toward normalization is a \"better way of advancing our interests and our values.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama, the officials said, approved high-level talks with Cuba over the spring, and meetings were held in Canada. The Vatican also played an important role, the officials said, with Pope Francis appealing for Gross' release in letters to both leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officials said the U.S. will also move to remove Cuba from the list of state sponsors of terrorism. Cuba has been on the list since 1982. Obama has asked Secretary of State John Kerry to give him within six months a review of Cuba's support for terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said that, \u003ca href=\"http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/12/17/fact-sheet-charting-new-course-cuba\" target=\"_blank\">among other steps\u003c/a>, the U.S. will ease travel and remittance policies; expand commercial sales and exports; and ease imports, including tobacco products and alcohol. The U.S. will expand Cubans' access to the Internet and telecommunications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. and Cuba will both participate in the Summit of the Americas in Panama next year, but the U.S. said \"Cuban civil society must be allowed to participate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, Cuba also agreed to release 53 detainees whom the U.S. regards as political prisoners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/03/368112245/u-s-government-contractor-marks-five-years-in-cuban-detention\">As we previously reported\u003c/a>, Gross, a subcontractor for the U.S. Agency for International Development, had been working on a program to improve Internet access for Jewish Cubans. During several trips to Cuba he had covertly distributed laptops. A Cuban court found him guilty of crimes against the state in 2011, and sentenced him to 15 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=248854192\" target=\"_blank\">In December 2013\u003c/a>, Peter Wallsten of the Washington Post told NPR that Gross was being detained in a 10-by-12-foot room with two other prisoners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, Gross' wife, Judy, said her husband had lost more than 100 pounds during his detention. \"He can barely walk due to chronic pain, and he has lost five teeth and much of the sight in his right eye,\" she said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/06/26/325760309/wife-of-jailed-american-in-cuba-worries-hell-take-drastic-measures\">In an interview in June with NPR\u003c/a>, Judy Gross said her husband was \"despondent and very hopeless.\" She warned that he had said he would \"take drastic measures if he's not out very shortly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gross had staged a nine-day hunger strike earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., welcomed Gross' release, but \u003ca href=\"http://video.foxnews.com/v/3947931342001/sen-rubio-blasts-white-houses-absurd-cuba-concessions/??cmpid=cmty_twitter_fn#sp=show-clips\" target=\"_blank\">told Fox News\u003c/a>, \"I'm not in favor of the process by which his release was acquired, because I think it does set a very dangerous precedent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted that Obama's expected announcement will do \"nothing\" to further democracy in Cuba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's part of a long record of coddling dictators, and tyrants, that this administration has established,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The steps announced today are likely to be closely watched in Miami, which is home to a large Cuban-American community. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/17/371411659/polls-show-cuban-american-view-on-u-s-cuba-relations-is-nuanced\">As NPR's Eyder Peralta notes\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The assumption is that Cuban-Americans support punitive policies against Havana, but over the years, polls show that attitude has changed significantly, even among older emigres.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/06/17/323027358/most-cuban-americans-oppose-embargo-poll-finds\">Most Cuban-Americans oppose the embargo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foreign policy experts welcomed the U.S. move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Sabatini, a professor at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs, called the move \"profound.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Desch, a professor of political science at the University of Notre Dame, called it a \"long overdue step.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have resisted normalizing relations with Cuba to this point largely because of the domestic Cuban-American lobby, which has held that normalization would bolster the Castro regime,\" he said. \"That logic is flawed: The more Cubans are exposed to American culture, politics and our economy, the weaker the hold of the Castroites on power.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Obama+Unveils+%27New+Approach%27+On+Cuba+As+Former+Foes+Chart+New+Course&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>\u003cb>Update, 11: 39 a.m.:\u003c/b>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Barack Obama \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m6MgATBZMII\" target=\"_blank\">announced today \u003c/a>the most significant change in U.S. policy toward Cuba in more than 50 years, paving the way for the normalization of relations and the opening of a U.S. Embassy in Havana.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama said, \"We will end an outdated approach that for decades has failed to advance our interests, and instead we will begin to normalize relations between our two countries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He added: \"These 50 years have shown isolation has not worked. It's time for a new approach.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama said as these changes unfold, he will talk to Congress about lifting the embargo on Cuba. The U.S. severed diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1961, shortly after Fidel Castro and his communist rebels ousted dictator Fulgencio Batista.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'It's good to be home.' \u003ccite>Alan Gross,\u003cbr>\nAmerican contractor released from Cuban jail\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>In a nationally televised address that coincided with Obama's remarks, Cuban President Raul Castro called on the United States to \"remove any obstacles that hinder ties between our two countries.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This decision by President Obama deserves the respect and recognition of our people,\" Castro said. However, he added, this \"does not mean that the most important issue has been resolved. The embargo on our country ... has to end.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Despite \"profound differences,\" Castro said, Cuba is willing to talk to the United States about thorny subjects, including human rights and democracy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Today's developments come hours after news emerged that Alan Gross, the American contractor who spent five years in a Cuban jail, had been freed on humanitarian grounds.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's good to be home,\" Gross \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/17/371467076/alan-gross-u-s-contractor-freed-by-cuba-says-its-good-to-be-home\" target=\"_blank\">said in Washington\u003c/a>, shortly after his return to the U.S.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials also said three Cuban spies, part of the so-called Cuban Five spy ring, will be released in exchange for an \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/17/371453374/prisoner-exchange-with-cuba-led-to-freedom-for-top-u-s-spy\" target=\"_blank\">unnamed U.S. intelligence asset\u003c/a> jailed in Cuba for nearly 20 years. That individual, U.S. officials said, identified the Cuban Five, Cuban intelligence agents in the U.S. who were caught in the 1990s. He also identified former Defense Intelligence Agency analyst Ana Belen Montes and former State Department official Kendall Myers and his wife, Gwendolyn, as Cuban agents. Castro, in his news conference, said the man was a Cuban national.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. officials said the two countries will also normalize banking and trade relations. They said the U.S. expects to have differences with Cuba on issues such as democracy and human rights, but the move toward normalization is a \"better way of advancing our interests and our values.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Obama, the officials said, approved high-level talks with Cuba over the spring, and meetings were held in Canada. The Vatican also played an important role, the officials said, with Pope Francis appealing for Gross' release in letters to both leaders.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The officials said the U.S. will also move to remove Cuba from the list of state sponsors of terrorism. Cuba has been on the list since 1982. Obama has asked Secretary of State John Kerry to give him within six months a review of Cuba's support for terrorism.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Officials said that, \u003ca href=\"http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2014/12/17/fact-sheet-charting-new-course-cuba\" target=\"_blank\">among other steps\u003c/a>, the U.S. will ease travel and remittance policies; expand commercial sales and exports; and ease imports, including tobacco products and alcohol. The U.S. will expand Cubans' access to the Internet and telecommunications.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The U.S. and Cuba will both participate in the Summit of the Americas in Panama next year, but the U.S. said \"Cuban civil society must be allowed to participate.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Separately, Cuba also agreed to release 53 detainees whom the U.S. regards as political prisoners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/03/368112245/u-s-government-contractor-marks-five-years-in-cuban-detention\">As we previously reported\u003c/a>, Gross, a subcontractor for the U.S. Agency for International Development, had been working on a program to improve Internet access for Jewish Cubans. During several trips to Cuba he had covertly distributed laptops. A Cuban court found him guilty of crimes against the state in 2011, and sentenced him to 15 years in prison.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=248854192\" target=\"_blank\">In December 2013\u003c/a>, Peter Wallsten of the Washington Post told NPR that Gross was being detained in a 10-by-12-foot room with two other prisoners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>This month, Gross' wife, Judy, said her husband had lost more than 100 pounds during his detention. \"He can barely walk due to chronic pain, and he has lost five teeth and much of the sight in his right eye,\" she said in a statement.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2014/06/26/325760309/wife-of-jailed-american-in-cuba-worries-hell-take-drastic-measures\">In an interview in June with NPR\u003c/a>, Judy Gross said her husband was \"despondent and very hopeless.\" She warned that he had said he would \"take drastic measures if he's not out very shortly.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gross had staged a nine-day hunger strike earlier this year.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Sen. Marco Rubio, R-Fla., welcomed Gross' release, but \u003ca href=\"http://video.foxnews.com/v/3947931342001/sen-rubio-blasts-white-houses-absurd-cuba-concessions/??cmpid=cmty_twitter_fn#sp=show-clips\" target=\"_blank\">told Fox News\u003c/a>, \"I'm not in favor of the process by which his release was acquired, because I think it does set a very dangerous precedent.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He noted that Obama's expected announcement will do \"nothing\" to further democracy in Cuba.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It's part of a long record of coddling dictators, and tyrants, that this administration has established,\" he said.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The steps announced today are likely to be closely watched in Miami, which is home to a large Cuban-American community. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/17/371411659/polls-show-cuban-american-view-on-u-s-cuba-relations-is-nuanced\">As NPR's Eyder Peralta notes\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>The assumption is that Cuban-Americans support punitive policies against Havana, but over the years, polls show that attitude has changed significantly, even among older emigres.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/06/17/323027358/most-cuban-americans-oppose-embargo-poll-finds\">Most Cuban-Americans oppose the embargo\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Foreign policy experts welcomed the U.S. move.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Christopher Sabatini, a professor at Columbia University's School of International and Public Affairs, called the move \"profound.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Michael Desch, a professor of political science at the University of Notre Dame, called it a \"long overdue step.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We have resisted normalizing relations with Cuba to this point largely because of the domestic Cuban-American lobby, which has held that normalization would bolster the Castro regime,\" he said. \"That logic is flawed: The more Cubans are exposed to American culture, politics and our economy, the weaker the hold of the Castroites on power.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Obama+Unveils+%27New+Approach%27+On+Cuba+As+Former+Foes+Chart+New+Course&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "With Harvest Season, 'Trimmigrants' Flock To California's Pot Capital",
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"content": "\u003cp>Northern California's Humboldt County is known for its towering redwoods. But the region, about 200 miles north of San Francisco, has another claim to fame. Humboldt is to weed what Napa is to fine wine — it's the heart of marijuana production in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every fall, young people, mostly in their 20s, come from all over the world to work the marijuana harvest. They come seeking jobs as \"trimmers\" — workers who manicure the buds to get them ready for market. The locals have a name for these young migrant workers: \"trimmigrants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more than 100,000 marijuana plants growing in the hills around Humboldt, the county sheriff's office estimates. They all need to be harvested around the same time and processed quickly to avoid mold and other problems. So, from September through November, it's all hands on deck. That's where trimmigrants, also called scissor drifters, come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"height: 386px;width: 400px;border: 0px\" src=\"http://www.npr.org/v2/?i=368440223&m=368529528&t=audio\" height=\"386\" wmode=\"opaque\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" width=\"400\" base=\"http://www.npr.org\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand this story, you need to know what trimming is. Marijuana grows like a huge bush, and the flower it produces is the marijuana bud. Trimmers manicure the buds, snipping off the leaves and stems and then shaping them with their scissors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to make the weed stand out, so it sells well at medical marijuana dispensaries and on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garberville, a tiny town of about 900 residents in Humboldt, swarms with trimmigrants during the season — girls and guys with big, bulky backpacks and pit bulls. Many of them look like modern-day hobos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I meet Fermin, a 24-year-old artist from Tennessee, at the far end of town. Like all the trimmers I spoke with, Fermin would use only his first name. Trimming for an illegal operation could make him an accessory to a drug crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I heard you could get work pretty easy,\" Fermin says. \"The reality is it's taking a little bit longer than I expected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fermin has been here for about a month and hasn't found any work yet. It's getting colder and the rains are coming. He sleeps in the woods just outside town and dumpster-dives for food. Until he finds a job trimming weed, he gets by on selling his art and playing music on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'We Cannot House These People'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trimmers are paid by the pound, and fast trimmers can make $300-$500 a day, in cash and under the table — but of course if the place where you're trimming gets busted, it could also land you in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some trimmigrants, like Fermin, give the impression they're here to work. But the scene is also attracting drifters who hang around looking pretty drugged out. Locals say European youths often get hired over Americans, who are stereotyped as hippie kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristin Nevedal says migrant trimmers are everywhere, obstructing local businesses and damaging the river with their squatter camps. Nevedal is a local resident and co-founder of the Emerald Growers Association, a group of 400 marijuana farmers all over California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not the fun vacation thing to do, right? To like, show up in Garberville in the fall and see if you can get a job,\" Nevedal says. \"We cannot house these people. Like, don't come unless you have a job.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the county sheriffs, the majority of growers in Humboldt are operating illegally. So hiring strangers from the side of the road, they say, \u003ca href=\"http://kymkemp.com/2012/sep/19/sheriff-dept-tells-growers-know-your-trimmers/\" target=\"_blank\">puts the growers at risk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is risk for trimmers, too. Every year, some go missing, and trimmers have even been killed. They often work in remote areas with no cellphone service or running water, sleeping in tents. Sometimes they don't even know where they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Blake has been growing marijuana since the '70s. His collective, Healing Harvest Farms, is just south, in Mendocino County. Blake's is a small farm, and it's legal. He grows 25 plants — the county limit for medicinal marijuana — but the plants are huge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Look at the different colors,\" Blake says, showing off his plants. \"You got the purples, then you got the dark greens, the light greens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake's marijuana plants look almost like small trees. They're 10 feet high and he says each one will produce about 8 pounds of weed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As soon as you squeeze it, you can feel the resin on it,\" says Blake, handling a plant. \"It gets right on your fingers. It's like, all over it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Good Pay — At Least For Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake brings me to the trimming room where six people, most in their 20s, are sitting and snipping away. Out of concern that a stranger could steal his entire harvest, which is worth almost a quarter-million dollars, Blake hires only trimmers he knows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're sitting here all day long,\" says a trimmer named Bishma, a local who does catering work that mostly supports his wife and two kids. But during the fall harvest, he lives on the farm full time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some people think I sit eight hours at a job,\" says Bishma, \"[but] it's like we're sitting here 14 hours. And it's the same repetitive motion over and over and over again, so people just go to town and just, like, listen to every kind of music they can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Music is a big part of trimming, and the faster the music, the faster the trimmers snip. I watch as their scissors sync with the beat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of locals depend on marijuana for part of their livelihood. For young people who manage to get into the trimmigrant workforce, it's a job so lucrative that some can make all of their money for the year during the three-month harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as laws around the country change -- making marijuana legal -- analysts say the pay scale is bound to go down, making trimming more like any other low-paid farmwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, like farmwork across the country, marijuana production is already becoming mechanized — gradually making trimmigrants a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by Youth Radio. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 Youth Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthradio.org/\">http://www.youthradio.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=With+Harvest+Season%2C+%27Trimmigrants%27+Flock+To+California%27s+Pot+Capital&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Northern California's Humboldt County is known for its towering redwoods. But the region, about 200 miles north of San Francisco, has another claim to fame. Humboldt is to weed what Napa is to fine wine — it's the heart of marijuana production in the United States.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Every fall, young people, mostly in their 20s, come from all over the world to work the marijuana harvest. They come seeking jobs as \"trimmers\" — workers who manicure the buds to get them ready for market. The locals have a name for these young migrant workers: \"trimmigrants.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are more than 100,000 marijuana plants growing in the hills around Humboldt, the county sheriff's office estimates. They all need to be harvested around the same time and processed quickly to avoid mold and other problems. So, from September through November, it's all hands on deck. That's where trimmigrants, also called scissor drifters, come in.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe style=\"height: 386px;width: 400px;border: 0px\" src=\"http://www.npr.org/v2/?i=368440223&m=368529528&t=audio\" height=\"386\" wmode=\"opaque\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" width=\"400\" base=\"http://www.npr.org\" type=\"application/x-shockwave-flash\" scrolling=\"yes\" class=\"iframe-class\" frameborder=\"0\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To understand this story, you need to know what trimming is. Marijuana grows like a huge bush, and the flower it produces is the marijuana bud. Trimmers manicure the buds, snipping off the leaves and stems and then shaping them with their scissors.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The idea is to make the weed stand out, so it sells well at medical marijuana dispensaries and on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Garberville, a tiny town of about 900 residents in Humboldt, swarms with trimmigrants during the season — girls and guys with big, bulky backpacks and pit bulls. Many of them look like modern-day hobos.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>I meet Fermin, a 24-year-old artist from Tennessee, at the far end of town. Like all the trimmers I spoke with, Fermin would use only his first name. Trimming for an illegal operation could make him an accessory to a drug crime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I heard you could get work pretty easy,\" Fermin says. \"The reality is it's taking a little bit longer than I expected.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fermin has been here for about a month and hasn't found any work yet. It's getting colder and the rains are coming. He sleeps in the woods just outside town and dumpster-dives for food. Until he finds a job trimming weed, he gets by on selling his art and playing music on the street.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'We Cannot House These People'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Trimmers are paid by the pound, and fast trimmers can make $300-$500 a day, in cash and under the table — but of course if the place where you're trimming gets busted, it could also land you in jail.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Some trimmigrants, like Fermin, give the impression they're here to work. But the scene is also attracting drifters who hang around looking pretty drugged out. Locals say European youths often get hired over Americans, who are stereotyped as hippie kids.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kristin Nevedal says migrant trimmers are everywhere, obstructing local businesses and damaging the river with their squatter camps. Nevedal is a local resident and co-founder of the Emerald Growers Association, a group of 400 marijuana farmers all over California.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is not the fun vacation thing to do, right? To like, show up in Garberville in the fall and see if you can get a job,\" Nevedal says. \"We cannot house these people. Like, don't come unless you have a job.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the county sheriffs, the majority of growers in Humboldt are operating illegally. So hiring strangers from the side of the road, they say, \u003ca href=\"http://kymkemp.com/2012/sep/19/sheriff-dept-tells-growers-know-your-trimmers/\" target=\"_blank\">puts the growers at risk\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There is risk for trimmers, too. Every year, some go missing, and trimmers have even been killed. They often work in remote areas with no cellphone service or running water, sleeping in tents. Sometimes they don't even know where they are.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tim Blake has been growing marijuana since the '70s. His collective, Healing Harvest Farms, is just south, in Mendocino County. Blake's is a small farm, and it's legal. He grows 25 plants — the county limit for medicinal marijuana — but the plants are huge.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Look at the different colors,\" Blake says, showing off his plants. \"You got the purples, then you got the dark greens, the light greens.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake's marijuana plants look almost like small trees. They're 10 feet high and he says each one will produce about 8 pounds of weed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As soon as you squeeze it, you can feel the resin on it,\" says Blake, handling a plant. \"It gets right on your fingers. It's like, all over it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Good Pay — At Least For Now\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Blake brings me to the trimming room where six people, most in their 20s, are sitting and snipping away. Out of concern that a stranger could steal his entire harvest, which is worth almost a quarter-million dollars, Blake hires only trimmers he knows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"You're sitting here all day long,\" says a trimmer named Bishma, a local who does catering work that mostly supports his wife and two kids. But during the fall harvest, he lives on the farm full time.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Some people think I sit eight hours at a job,\" says Bishma, \"[but] it's like we're sitting here 14 hours. And it's the same repetitive motion over and over and over again, so people just go to town and just, like, listen to every kind of music they can.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Music is a big part of trimming, and the faster the music, the faster the trimmers snip. I watch as their scissors sync with the beat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Lots of locals depend on marijuana for part of their livelihood. For young people who manage to get into the trimmigrant workforce, it's a job so lucrative that some can make all of their money for the year during the three-month harvest.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But as laws around the country change -- making marijuana legal -- analysts say the pay scale is bound to go down, making trimming more like any other low-paid farmwork.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, like farmwork across the country, marijuana production is already becoming mechanized — gradually making trimmigrants a thing of the past.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>This story was produced by Youth Radio. \u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 Youth Radio. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.youthradio.org/\">http://www.youthradio.org/\u003c/a>.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=With+Harvest+Season%2C+%27Trimmigrants%27+Flock+To+California%27s+Pot+Capital&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>NASA's Orion spacecraft, which could one day send astronauts to Mars, is stuck on terra firma for at least another day after the space agency's mission control was unable to satisfactorily resolve a number of issues before a 6:45 a.m. PST launch window closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unmanned vehicle is awaiting its first test in Earth orbit. But after multiple delays for high winds and a stuck liquid-oxygen drain valve on one or more of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ulalaunch.com/products_deltaiv.aspx\">Delta IV Heavy\u003c/a> rocket's booster engines, NASA didn't have time to get the rocket off the pad. They will try again Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vehicle perched atop the Delta rocket, known officially as Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, or MPCV, is designed to carry up to 4 astronauts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/02/366832916/nasa-prepares-to-test-new-spacecraft-that-youve-likely-never-heard-of\">Geoff Brumfiel reported earlier this week\u003c/a>, Orion is expected to make two orbits at a distance of 3,600 miles from the Earth's surface on its second lap, before conducting a re-entry burn and splashing down in the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flight is meant to validate the vehicle's basic systems, including avionics, heat shielding and parachutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Geoff: \"It's designed for deep space, but Orion's first mission will be back to the neighborhood of the moon. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/04/12/176798246/in-nasas-budget-plans-to-shrink-wrap-an-asteroid\">The plan is to have a robot capture a small asteroid and drag it back to lunar orbit\u003c/a>. Then Orion will carry up to four astronauts to meet it. It's all supposed to happen in the 2020s, though some say the mission is too complicated and not much of an advance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although unmanned, the stakes are high for the space agency, which sees this test flight as a first step toward the exploration of deep space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/photos-nasa-prepares-orion-send-humans-mars/\">By the year 2040\u003c/a>, NASA hopes Orion will be a key piece of a manned mission to Mars — considered the next logical, if not extremely ambitious, target following the Apollo moon shots of the 1960s and 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=NASA+Scrubs+Orion+Launch+For+Today&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>NASA's Orion spacecraft, which could one day send astronauts to Mars, is stuck on terra firma for at least another day after the space agency's mission control was unable to satisfactorily resolve a number of issues before a 6:45 a.m. PST launch window closed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The unmanned vehicle is awaiting its first test in Earth orbit. But after multiple delays for high winds and a stuck liquid-oxygen drain valve on one or more of the \u003ca href=\"http://www.ulalaunch.com/products_deltaiv.aspx\">Delta IV Heavy\u003c/a> rocket's booster engines, NASA didn't have time to get the rocket off the pad. They will try again Friday morning.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The vehicle perched atop the Delta rocket, known officially as Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle, or MPCV, is designed to carry up to 4 astronauts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As NPR's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/thetwo-way/2014/12/02/366832916/nasa-prepares-to-test-new-spacecraft-that-youve-likely-never-heard-of\">Geoff Brumfiel reported earlier this week\u003c/a>, Orion is expected to make two orbits at a distance of 3,600 miles from the Earth's surface on its second lap, before conducting a re-entry burn and splashing down in the Pacific Ocean.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The flight is meant to validate the vehicle's basic systems, including avionics, heat shielding and parachutes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to Geoff: \"It's designed for deep space, but Orion's first mission will be back to the neighborhood of the moon. \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2013/04/12/176798246/in-nasas-budget-plans-to-shrink-wrap-an-asteroid\">The plan is to have a robot capture a small asteroid and drag it back to lunar orbit\u003c/a>. Then Orion will carry up to four astronauts to meet it. It's all supposed to happen in the 2020s, though some say the mission is too complicated and not much of an advance.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although unmanned, the stakes are high for the space agency, which sees this test flight as a first step toward the exploration of deep space.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/newshour/updates/photos-nasa-prepares-orion-send-humans-mars/\">By the year 2040\u003c/a>, NASA hopes Orion will be a key piece of a manned mission to Mars — considered the next logical, if not extremely ambitious, target following the Apollo moon shots of the 1960s and 1970s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=NASA+Scrubs+Orion+Launch+For+Today&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Amazon Unleashes Robot Army To Send Your Holiday Packages Faster",
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"content": "\u003cp>For many online retailers, Cyber Monday is likely to be the peak shopping day of the year. To handle the onslaught of orders, Amazon has begun rolling out a new robot army.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Amazon order-fulfillment center in Tracy is more than 1 million square feet — or 28 football fields, if you prefer — filled with orange and yellow bins flying this way and that on conveyor belts. Chances are, if you ordered a bunch of items in the Bay Area recently, Amazon put that box together here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whether it's consumables or toys or electronics, with 3,500,000 items plus in this building, the odds are, pretty much anything you wanted was likely here,\" says Dave Clark, Amazon's senior vice president of worldwide operations and customer service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At most warehouses, goods are held on shelves, and it's up to humans to go out into them to stock or retrieve stuff. But with technology \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CC8QFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2012-03-19%2Famazon-acquires-kiva-systems-in-second-biggest-takeover.html&ei=JT18VK-jK7fasATNy4HABg&usg=AFQjCNGtx_GKg3TkSjnEMwCzu5vrQWMQkQ&sig2=ysEPhLq7_a_RaOePfkuWCA&bvm=bv.80642063,d.cWc\" target=\"_blank\">that Amazon acquired when it purchased Kiva Systems\u003c/a> in March 2012, the goods move to the humans. Orange robots the shape and size of ottomans zip under shelves, lift them up and whisk them to stations where people like Amazon's Reginaldo Rosales are waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As each shelf arrives next to Rosales, packed to the gills with all sorts of items, a computer terminal displays the specific thing he's supposed to grab — in this case a thermometer — and where on the shelves it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now it's telling us the Monopoly electronic banking game,\" Rosales says. \"We pick the item, we give a six-sided check — make sure it's not damaged — and it tells us what bin. And you confirm it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiva's concept has been around for years now, but this rollout provides an opportunity to see it at great scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this system, not only is there no need for workers to march for miles up and down the aisles — there's no need for aisles at all, which means Amazon can squeeze 50 percent more product into its warehouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might assume that this means Amazon would hire fewer humans, but Senior VP David Clark says Amazon is hiring \u003cem>more\u003c/em> people — 14 percent more than during 2013's holiday season — to accommodate increased demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As these buildings get more selection, they do more volume,\" Clark says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides, an entirely mechanical workforce simply wouldn't work yet, says Massachusetts Institute of Technology researcher Andrew McAfee, for the same reasons robots still would make lousy doubles tennis partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Robots aren't really, really good at manual dexterity. Their vision systems are often not as good as our vision systems,\" McAfee says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the co-author of \"The Second Machine Age\" says the robots are at least as good as people at covering ground in warehouses and hauling merchandise. So why not let them do it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 15,000 Kiva machines whisking around Amazon warehouses across the country; the company's engineers already are developing a next-generation robot.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>For many online retailers, Cyber Monday is likely to be the peak shopping day of the year. To handle the onslaught of orders, Amazon has begun rolling out a new robot army.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Amazon order-fulfillment center in Tracy is more than 1 million square feet — or 28 football fields, if you prefer — filled with orange and yellow bins flying this way and that on conveyor belts. Chances are, if you ordered a bunch of items in the Bay Area recently, Amazon put that box together here.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Whether it's consumables or toys or electronics, with 3,500,000 items plus in this building, the odds are, pretty much anything you wanted was likely here,\" says Dave Clark, Amazon's senior vice president of worldwide operations and customer service.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At most warehouses, goods are held on shelves, and it's up to humans to go out into them to stock or retrieve stuff. But with technology \u003ca href=\"http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=3&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CC8QFjAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2012-03-19%2Famazon-acquires-kiva-systems-in-second-biggest-takeover.html&ei=JT18VK-jK7fasATNy4HABg&usg=AFQjCNGtx_GKg3TkSjnEMwCzu5vrQWMQkQ&sig2=ysEPhLq7_a_RaOePfkuWCA&bvm=bv.80642063,d.cWc\" target=\"_blank\">that Amazon acquired when it purchased Kiva Systems\u003c/a> in March 2012, the goods move to the humans. Orange robots the shape and size of ottomans zip under shelves, lift them up and whisk them to stations where people like Amazon's Reginaldo Rosales are waiting.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As each shelf arrives next to Rosales, packed to the gills with all sorts of items, a computer terminal displays the specific thing he's supposed to grab — in this case a thermometer — and where on the shelves it is.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Now it's telling us the Monopoly electronic banking game,\" Rosales says. \"We pick the item, we give a six-sided check — make sure it's not damaged — and it tells us what bin. And you confirm it.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kiva's concept has been around for years now, but this rollout provides an opportunity to see it at great scale.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>With this system, not only is there no need for workers to march for miles up and down the aisles — there's no need for aisles at all, which means Amazon can squeeze 50 percent more product into its warehouses.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You might assume that this means Amazon would hire fewer humans, but Senior VP David Clark says Amazon is hiring \u003cem>more\u003c/em> people — 14 percent more than during 2013's holiday season — to accommodate increased demand.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As these buildings get more selection, they do more volume,\" Clark says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Besides, an entirely mechanical workforce simply wouldn't work yet, says Massachusetts Institute of Technology researcher Andrew McAfee, for the same reasons robots still would make lousy doubles tennis partners.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Robots aren't really, really good at manual dexterity. Their vision systems are often not as good as our vision systems,\" McAfee says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the co-author of \"The Second Machine Age\" says the robots are at least as good as people at covering ground in warehouses and hauling merchandise. So why not let them do it?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There are 15,000 Kiva machines whisking around Amazon warehouses across the country; the company's engineers already are developing a next-generation robot.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>A big shift happened in news and information over the past few years: The people who write news and information no longer control the distribution of it. Technology companies do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, it’s Facebook and Twitter — the large social platforms created in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have reached a point of transition where news spaces are no longer owned by newsmakers,” Emily Bell \u003ca href=\"http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Speech%20-%20Silicon%20Valley%20%26%20Journalism%20-%20Make%20up%20or%20Break%20up_Emily%20Bell_Reuters%20Memorial%20Lecture%202014.pdf\">told an audience at the University of Oxford recently\u003c/a>. Bell, who led the digital transition of The Guardian, is currently at the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University. (Here’s her \u003cem>Guardian\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/media/media-blog/2014/nov/23/silicon-valley-companies-journalism-news\">column version\u003c/a> of the speech.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, Bell says, “the pioneers of journalism were also pioneers of communications technology.” Today, the press no longer controls the platforms by which our stuff gets to audiences, she says. Instead, Bell says, they are controlled by private companies that are “unaccountable” to the public in the same way, since they’re fundamentally accountable to commercial interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How We Got Here\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News companies lost control of distribution because they weren’t traditionally tech companies, staffed with engineers or thinking programmatically. Today, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2014/11/04/359829824/dominos-becomes-a-tech-company-that-happens-to-make-pizza\">as even Domino’s Pizza shows\u003c/a>, every company must become a tech company if it wants to control its fate with customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bell says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“We lacked the institutional will or insight to move swiftly enough in the right directions and we were held back in transformation by large, legacy organizations and the revenues that came with them. And doing journalism is a hard, resource hungry business.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The software developer and “father of blogging,” Dave Winer, \u003ca href=\"http://scripting.com/2014/11/24/howToRebuildJournalism.html\">puts a finer point on it\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Journalism stood by while blogging took root. They covered it, but largely dismissed it. They ignored \u003ca href=\"http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/rss/rss.html\">RSS\u003c/a>. They ignored everything, including the threat to their art. I warned them many times, here on scripting.com, that they would regret letting the tech industry own their distribution system. But that’s what happened. Without any resistance whatsoever. Journalism let tech move in and take over.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As Bell \u003ca href=\"https://civic.mit.edu/blog/erhardt/the-newsroom-inside-out-at-the-mit-knight-civic-media-conference\">has chatted with me about\u003c/a> before, it’s very hard to run an innovation “lab” inside a “factory” which is turning out news every day. And as the “Innovator’s Dilemma” has highlighted, it’s exceedingly difficult for businesses to turn away from their main source of revenue \u003cem>right now \u003c/em>to consider the revenue they’ll need five or 10 years from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here’s The Danger\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media platforms now edit and shape culture, even though they feel kind of allergic to having that responsibility. “Every time an algorithm is tweaked, an editorial decision is being made,” Bell writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“As news organisations cease to print physical newspapers, as linear television struggles to survive the buffeting of on-demand services, as services become not just digital first but digital only, journalism and free expression become part of a commercial sphere where the activities of news and journalism are marginal. … Their culture is as alien to reporting and editing as ours is to designing social software.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Algorithms and protocols that run social platforms affect discourse, and the engineers behind those protocols don’t have to think about journalism or democratic responsibility in how news is created and disseminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A prime example of this is the first nights of the protests in Ferguson, Missouri. If you were on Twitter, you saw an endless stream of protest photos and links. If you were on Facebook, \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/message/ferguson-is-also-a-net-neutrality-issue-6d2f3db51eb0\">you saw nearly nothing\u003c/a>. All because engineers decide what news you see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bell writes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“In a world where we navigate our daily lives through social platforms, just how this information reaches us, what is on a ‘trending’ list, how these algorithms work, becomes not just of marginal interest but a central democratic concern. Even the obscure issue of equal access to the internet, or ‘net neutrality’, can affect how we get our news and information.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, Now What?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalism organizations should not be wholly reliant on technology companies, Bell says. The only way to be less reliant is to make more of their own technology — specifically, building tools and services that “put software in the service of journalism rather than the other way around,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalists and editors should learn to make technology, “learn programmatic thinking” and understand the world they operate in, Bell says. She argues that to preserve journalism’s traditional role, “We must stop relying solely on the tools and platforms of others and build our own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winer, who wrote a response to Bell, adds that the open source tools out there are often ignored, but can be adopted and tooled for news purposes. “We have enough open formats and protocols to build a dozen news distribution systems with all kinds of algorithms,” Winer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bell adds that large news organizations (like NPR) that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/about/products/npr-one/\">already make technology\u003c/a> should extend these types of technologies as part of their core mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, she says we ought to be better reporters. Technology is a system of power in it of itself. Journalists should hold it to account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cover technology as a human rights and political issue as if it were Parliament. … It is just as interesting and about 10,000 times more important,” she says. “We have to stop coverage of technology being about queuing for an iPhone and make it about society and power. We need to explain these new systems of power to the world and hold them accountable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Silicon+Valley%27s+Power+Over+The+Free+Press%3A+Why+It+Matters&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>A big shift happened in news and information over the past few years: The people who write news and information no longer control the distribution of it. Technology companies do.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Specifically, it’s Facebook and Twitter — the large social platforms created in Silicon Valley.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“We have reached a point of transition where news spaces are no longer owned by newsmakers,” Emily Bell \u003ca href=\"http://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/Speech%20-%20Silicon%20Valley%20%26%20Journalism%20-%20Make%20up%20or%20Break%20up_Emily%20Bell_Reuters%20Memorial%20Lecture%202014.pdf\">told an audience at the University of Oxford recently\u003c/a>. Bell, who led the digital transition of The Guardian, is currently at the Tow Center for Digital Journalism at Columbia University. (Here’s her \u003cem>Guardian\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://www.theguardian.com/media/media-blog/2014/nov/23/silicon-valley-companies-journalism-news\">column version\u003c/a> of the speech.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Previously, Bell says, “the pioneers of journalism were also pioneers of communications technology.” Today, the press no longer controls the platforms by which our stuff gets to audiences, she says. Instead, Bell says, they are controlled by private companies that are “unaccountable” to the public in the same way, since they’re fundamentally accountable to commercial interests.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>How We Got Here\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>News companies lost control of distribution because they weren’t traditionally tech companies, staffed with engineers or thinking programmatically. Today, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/blogs/alltechconsidered/2014/11/04/359829824/dominos-becomes-a-tech-company-that-happens-to-make-pizza\">as even Domino’s Pizza shows\u003c/a>, every company must become a tech company if it wants to control its fate with customers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bell says:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“We lacked the institutional will or insight to move swiftly enough in the right directions and we were held back in transformation by large, legacy organizations and the revenues that came with them. And doing journalism is a hard, resource hungry business.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>The software developer and “father of blogging,” Dave Winer, \u003ca href=\"http://scripting.com/2014/11/24/howToRebuildJournalism.html\">puts a finer point on it\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“Journalism stood by while blogging took root. They covered it, but largely dismissed it. They ignored \u003ca href=\"http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/rss/rss.html\">RSS\u003c/a>. They ignored everything, including the threat to their art. I warned them many times, here on scripting.com, that they would regret letting the tech industry own their distribution system. But that’s what happened. Without any resistance whatsoever. Journalism let tech move in and take over.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>As Bell \u003ca href=\"https://civic.mit.edu/blog/erhardt/the-newsroom-inside-out-at-the-mit-knight-civic-media-conference\">has chatted with me about\u003c/a> before, it’s very hard to run an innovation “lab” inside a “factory” which is turning out news every day. And as the “Innovator’s Dilemma” has highlighted, it’s exceedingly difficult for businesses to turn away from their main source of revenue \u003cem>right now \u003c/em>to consider the revenue they’ll need five or 10 years from now.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Here’s The Danger\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Social media platforms now edit and shape culture, even though they feel kind of allergic to having that responsibility. “Every time an algorithm is tweaked, an editorial decision is being made,” Bell writes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“As news organisations cease to print physical newspapers, as linear television struggles to survive the buffeting of on-demand services, as services become not just digital first but digital only, journalism and free expression become part of a commercial sphere where the activities of news and journalism are marginal. … Their culture is as alien to reporting and editing as ours is to designing social software.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Algorithms and protocols that run social platforms affect discourse, and the engineers behind those protocols don’t have to think about journalism or democratic responsibility in how news is created and disseminated.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>A prime example of this is the first nights of the protests in Ferguson, Missouri. If you were on Twitter, you saw an endless stream of protest photos and links. If you were on Facebook, \u003ca href=\"https://medium.com/message/ferguson-is-also-a-net-neutrality-issue-6d2f3db51eb0\">you saw nearly nothing\u003c/a>. All because engineers decide what news you see.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bell writes:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>“In a world where we navigate our daily lives through social platforms, just how this information reaches us, what is on a ‘trending’ list, how these algorithms work, becomes not just of marginal interest but a central democratic concern. Even the obscure issue of equal access to the internet, or ‘net neutrality’, can affect how we get our news and information.”\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>So, Now What?\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalism organizations should not be wholly reliant on technology companies, Bell says. The only way to be less reliant is to make more of their own technology — specifically, building tools and services that “put software in the service of journalism rather than the other way around,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Journalists and editors should learn to make technology, “learn programmatic thinking” and understand the world they operate in, Bell says. She argues that to preserve journalism’s traditional role, “We must stop relying solely on the tools and platforms of others and build our own.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Winer, who wrote a response to Bell, adds that the open source tools out there are often ignored, but can be adopted and tooled for news purposes. “We have enough open formats and protocols to build a dozen news distribution systems with all kinds of algorithms,” Winer says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Bell adds that large news organizations (like NPR) that \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/about/products/npr-one/\">already make technology\u003c/a> should extend these types of technologies as part of their core mission.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Finally, she says we ought to be better reporters. Technology is a system of power in it of itself. Journalists should hold it to account.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Cover technology as a human rights and political issue as if it were Parliament. … It is just as interesting and about 10,000 times more important,” she says. “We have to stop coverage of technology being about queuing for an iPhone and make it about society and power. We need to explain these new systems of power to the world and hold them accountable.”\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg decoding=\"async\" src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Silicon+Valley%27s+Power+Over+The+Free+Press%3A+Why+It+Matters&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Obama Expected To Unveil Immigration Plan On Thursday",
"title": "Obama Expected To Unveil Immigration Plan On Thursday",
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"content": "\u003cp>President Barack Obama is expected to unveil executive actions on immigration on Thursday and will address the issue in a speech at a Las Vegas high school on Friday, a source familiar with the process tells NPR.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Update at 1:28 p.m. ET: Obama Will Speak At 8 p.m. Thursday ET\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>President Obama \"will address the nation to lay out the executive actions he's taking to fix our broken immigration system,\" the White House says, announcing a video address scheduled for 8 p.m. ET.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The speech can be viewed at the \u003ca href=\"http://www.whitehouse.gov/live\">WhiteHouse.gov/Live\u003c/a> website, in addition to media outlets.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Our original post continues:\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Although White House officials would not confirm details, Obama spoke at the same high school in January 2013 when he called on Congress to pass a comprehensive immigration bill. Obama has long said he would take unilateral action on immigration before the end of the year if Congress did not act.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On Tuesday, White House Press Secretary Josh Earnest said the president was nearing a final decision on what actions to take.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At a discussion on immigration Wednesday at the National Press Club in Washington, D.C., Homeland Security Secretary Jeh Johnson said Obama would act \"in the coming days\" but said he did not want to get ahead of the president.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Johnson defended the idea of Obama acting unilaterally, saying he believes the president has \"a fairly wide latitude within existing executive authority to fix the system.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It can't be that we're not allowed to lift a finger to fix the broken immigration system until Congress acts,\" Johnson said. \"Well, we've been waiting for Congress to act. It can't be that we're not allowed to take action in a number of respects to reform the system. And we will. And we've identified a number of ways that we will.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>NPR's Tamara Keith contributed to this report\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cdiv class=\"fullattribution\">Copyright 2014 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003cimg src=\"http://www.google-analytics.com/__utm.gif?utmac=UA-5828686-4&utmdt=Obama+Expected+To+Unveil+Immigration+Plan+On+Thursday&utme=8(APIKey)9(MDAxOTAwOTE4MDEyMTkxMDAzNjczZDljZA004)\" alt=\"\">\u003c/div>\n\n",
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"info": "What kind of no sabo word is Hyphenación? For us, it’s about living within a hyphenation. Like being a third-gen Mexican-American from the Texas border now living that Bay Area Chicano life. Like Xorje! Each week we bring together a couple of hyphenated Latinos to talk all about personal life choices: family, careers, relationships, belonging … everything is on the table. ",
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"info": "The Political Mind of Jerry Brown brings listeners the wisdom of the former Governor, Mayor, and presidential candidate. Scott Shafer interviewed Brown for more than 40 hours, covering the former governor's life and half-century in the political game – and Brown has some lessons he'd like to share. ",
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"marketplace": {
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"info": "Our flagship program, helmed by Kai Ryssdal, examines what the day in money delivered, through stories, conversations, newsworthy numbers and more. Updated Monday through Friday at about 3:30 p.m. PT.",
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"mindshift": {
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"info": "The MindShift podcast explores the innovations in education that are shaping how kids learn. Hosts Ki Sung and Katrina Schwartz introduce listeners to educators, researchers, parents and students who are developing effective ways to improve how kids learn. We cover topics like how fed-up administrators are developing surprising tactics to deal with classroom disruptions; how listening to podcasts are helping kids develop reading skills; the consequences of overparenting; and why interdisciplinary learning can engage students on all ends of the traditional achievement spectrum. This podcast is part of the MindShift education site, a division of KQED News. KQED is an NPR/PBS member station based in San Francisco. You can also visit the MindShift website for episodes and supplemental blog posts or tweet us \u003ca href=\"https://twitter.com/MindShiftKQED\">@MindShiftKQED\u003c/a> or visit us at \u003ca href=\"/mindshift\">MindShift.KQED.org\u003c/a>",
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"order": 12
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"info": "For decades, the process for how police police themselves has been inconsistent – if not opaque. In some states, like California, these proceedings were completely hidden. After a new police transparency law unsealed scores of internal affairs files, our reporters set out to examine these cases and the shadow world of police discipline. On Our Watch brings listeners into the rooms where officers are questioned and witnesses are interrogated to find out who this system is really protecting. Is it the officers, or the public they've sworn to serve?",
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"info": "Our weekly podcast explores how the media 'sausage' is made, casts an incisive eye on fluctuations in the marketplace of ideas, and examines threats to the freedom of information and expression in America and abroad. For one hour a week, the show tries to lift the veil from the process of \"making media,\" especially news media, because it's through that lens that we see the world and the world sees us",
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"info": "The economy explained. Imagine you could call up a friend and say, Meet me at the bar and tell me what's going on with the economy. Now imagine that's actually a fun evening.",
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"politicalbreakdown": {
"id": "politicalbreakdown",
"title": "Political Breakdown",
"tagline": "Politics from a personal perspective",
"info": "Political Breakdown is a new series that explores the political intersection of California and the nation. Each week hosts Scott Shafer and Marisa Lagos are joined with a new special guest to unpack politics -- with personality — and offer an insider’s glimpse at how politics happens.",
"airtime": "THU 6:30pm-7pm",
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"possible": {
"id": "possible",
"title": "Possible",
"info": "Possible is hosted by entrepreneur Reid Hoffman and writer Aria Finger. Together in Possible, Hoffman and Finger lead enlightening discussions about building a brighter collective future. The show features interviews with visionary guests like Trevor Noah, Sam Altman and Janette Sadik-Khan. Possible paints an optimistic portrait of the world we can create through science, policy, business, art and our shared humanity. It asks: What if everything goes right for once? How can we get there? Each episode also includes a short fiction story generated by advanced AI GPT-4, serving as a thought-provoking springboard to speculate how humanity could leverage technology for good.",
"airtime": "SUN 2pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/Possible-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
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},
"pri-the-world": {
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"title": "PRI's The World: Latest Edition",
"info": "Each weekday, host Marco Werman and his team of producers bring you the world's most interesting stories in an hour of radio that reminds us just how small our planet really is.",
"airtime": "MON-FRI 2pm-3pm",
"imageSrc": "https://cdn.kqed.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/The-World-Podcast-Tile-360x360-1.jpg",
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},
"radiolab": {
"id": "radiolab",
"title": "Radiolab",
"info": "A two-time Peabody Award-winner, Radiolab is an investigation told through sounds and stories, and centered around one big idea. In the Radiolab world, information sounds like music and science and culture collide. Hosted by Jad Abumrad and Robert Krulwich, the show is designed for listeners who demand skepticism, but appreciate wonder. WNYC Studios is the producer of other leading podcasts including Freakonomics Radio, Death, Sex & Money, On the Media and many more.",
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},
"reveal": {
"id": "reveal",
"title": "Reveal",
"info": "Created by The Center for Investigative Reporting and PRX, Reveal is public radios first one-hour weekly radio show and podcast dedicated to investigative reporting. Credible, fact based and without a partisan agenda, Reveal combines the power and artistry of driveway moment storytelling with data-rich reporting on critically important issues. The result is stories that inform and inspire, arming our listeners with information to right injustices, hold the powerful accountable and improve lives.Reveal is hosted by Al Letson and showcases the award-winning work of CIR and newsrooms large and small across the nation. In a radio and podcast market crowded with choices, Reveal focuses on important and often surprising stories that illuminate the world for our listeners.",
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"imageSrc": "https://ww2.kqed.org/radio/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2018/04/reveal300px.png",
"officialWebsiteLink": "https://www.revealnews.org/episodes/",
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"link": "/radio/program/reveal",
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"rss": "http://feeds.revealradio.org/revealpodcast"
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},
"rightnowish": {
"id": "rightnowish",
"title": "Rightnowish",
"tagline": "Art is where you find it",
"info": "Rightnowish digs into life in the Bay Area right now… ish. Journalist Pendarvis Harshaw takes us to galleries painted on the sides of liquor stores in West Oakland. We'll dance in warehouses in the Bayview, make smoothies with kids in South Berkeley, and listen to classical music in a 1984 Cutlass Supreme in Richmond. Every week, Pen talks to movers and shakers about how the Bay Area shapes what they create, and how they shape the place we call home.",
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"order": 16
},
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},
"science-friday": {
"id": "science-friday",
"title": "Science Friday",
"info": "Science Friday is a weekly science talk show, broadcast live over public radio stations nationwide. Each week, the show focuses on science topics that are in the news and tries to bring an educated, balanced discussion to bear on the scientific issues at hand. Panels of expert guests join host Ira Flatow, a veteran science journalist, to discuss science and to take questions from listeners during the call-in portion of the program.",
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