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"content": "\u003cp>The Justice Department on Thursday filed its latest argument in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/series/469827708/the-apple-fbi-debate-over-encryption\">dispute with Apple\u003c/a> over access to a locked iPhone, accusing Apple of \"false\" rhetoric and \"overblown\" fears in its public refusal to cooperate with a court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple is fighting a federal magistrate judge's order to write special software that would lift security features that prevent the FBI from cracking the passcode on the phone used by Syed Rizwan Farook, one of the San Bernardino shooters. Apple has argued that would amount to creating a master key to millions of other iPhones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Far from being a master key, the software simply disarms a booby trap affixed to one door: Farook's,\" the lawyers write in response, calling the wide-spanning security concerns a \"diversion\" on Apple's part.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Apple desperately wants — desperately \u003cem>needs \u003c/em>— this case not to be about one isolated iPhone ... Apple deliberately raised technological barriers that now stand between a lawful warrant and an iPhone containing evidence related to the terrorist mass murder of 14 Americans,\" the lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"n7LUE88Gsn13lG1TrDn6j9IX4yuEbTDD\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department echoes FBI Director James Comey's argument that growing adoption of strong encryption was creating \"warrantproof\" devices, arguing that the order from the magistrate judge was narrow and targeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Apple's rhetoric is not only false,\" the lawyers write, \"but also corrosive of the very institutions that are best able to safeguard our liberty and our rights: the courts, the Fourth Amendment, longstanding precedent and venerable laws, and the democratically elected branches of government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It remains unclear what, if anything, is on the password-locked phone, but the FBI suggests there's \"probable cause to believe there is evidence of a terrorist attack.\" Without the passcode, the investigators cannot access the phone's encrypted content, and attempting to guess it would risk causing the phone to delete the data. Government lawyers urge the court to demand Apple's compliance with the order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is not lawless tyranny,\" the U.S. attorneys say. \"Rather, it is ordered liberty vindicating the rule of law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple's public campaign against the court order has focused on the call for lawmakers in Congress — not the court system — to resolve how much access law enforcement should have to information secured by a password or by encryption. Its position has \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/03/469091056/tech-companies-security-experts-express-support-for-apple\">garnered support\u003c/a> from dozens of tech companies and privacy, civil liberties and human rights groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the heart of the debate is the government's reliance on the All Writs Act, a broad 1789 law that gives courts power to, among other things, compel companies' cooperation in investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government argues that many of the positions adopted by Apple — including the emphasis on lawmakers determining the power of the All Writs Act, and the concerns of the law creating \"a slippery slope\" — were \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/02/29/468609371/at-supreme-court-debate-over-phone-privacy-has-a-long-history\">argued before the Supreme Court\u003c/a> decades ago, and were dismissed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the forty years since that decision, it has become clear that the Court was correct because those fears have proved unfounded,\" the U.S. attorneys write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a call with reporters, Apple's top lawyer, Bruce Sewell, said the tone of the government's response sounded like an \"indictment,\" NPR's Aarti Shahani reports. He also called the filing \"deeply offensive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple is due to respond to this latest filing from the government by March 15. A hearing has been set in California for March 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The Justice Department on Thursday filed its latest argument in the \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/series/469827708/the-apple-fbi-debate-over-encryption\">dispute with Apple\u003c/a> over access to a locked iPhone, accusing Apple of \"false\" rhetoric and \"overblown\" fears in its public refusal to cooperate with a court order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple is fighting a federal magistrate judge's order to write special software that would lift security features that prevent the FBI from cracking the passcode on the phone used by Syed Rizwan Farook, one of the San Bernardino shooters. Apple has argued that would amount to creating a master key to millions of other iPhones.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Far from being a master key, the software simply disarms a booby trap affixed to one door: Farook's,\" the lawyers write in response, calling the wide-spanning security concerns a \"diversion\" on Apple's part.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Apple desperately wants — desperately \u003cem>needs \u003c/em>— this case not to be about one isolated iPhone ... Apple deliberately raised technological barriers that now stand between a lawful warrant and an iPhone containing evidence related to the terrorist mass murder of 14 Americans,\" the lawyers write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department echoes FBI Director James Comey's argument that growing adoption of strong encryption was creating \"warrantproof\" devices, arguing that the order from the magistrate judge was narrow and targeted.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Apple's rhetoric is not only false,\" the lawyers write, \"but also corrosive of the very institutions that are best able to safeguard our liberty and our rights: the courts, the Fourth Amendment, longstanding precedent and venerable laws, and the democratically elected branches of government.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It remains unclear what, if anything, is on the password-locked phone, but the FBI suggests there's \"probable cause to believe there is evidence of a terrorist attack.\" Without the passcode, the investigators cannot access the phone's encrypted content, and attempting to guess it would risk causing the phone to delete the data. Government lawyers urge the court to demand Apple's compliance with the order.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"That is not lawless tyranny,\" the U.S. attorneys say. \"Rather, it is ordered liberty vindicating the rule of law.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple's public campaign against the court order has focused on the call for lawmakers in Congress — not the court system — to resolve how much access law enforcement should have to information secured by a password or by encryption. Its position has \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/03/03/469091056/tech-companies-security-experts-express-support-for-apple\">garnered support\u003c/a> from dozens of tech companies and privacy, civil liberties and human rights groups.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At the heart of the debate is the government's reliance on the All Writs Act, a broad 1789 law that gives courts power to, among other things, compel companies' cooperation in investigations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The government argues that many of the positions adopted by Apple — including the emphasis on lawmakers determining the power of the All Writs Act, and the concerns of the law creating \"a slippery slope\" — were \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2016/02/29/468609371/at-supreme-court-debate-over-phone-privacy-has-a-long-history\">argued before the Supreme Court\u003c/a> decades ago, and were dismissed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"In the forty years since that decision, it has become clear that the Court was correct because those fears have proved unfounded,\" the U.S. attorneys write.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a call with reporters, Apple's top lawyer, Bruce Sewell, said the tone of the government's response sounded like an \"indictment,\" NPR's Aarti Shahani reports. He also called the filing \"deeply offensive.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple is due to respond to this latest filing from the government by March 15. A hearing has been set in California for March 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "National Parks Have a Long To-Do List But Can't Cover the Repair Costs",
"title": "National Parks Have a Long To-Do List But Can't Cover the Repair Costs",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>Driving through the gold-brown savanna of Joshua Tree National Park, past its Dr. Seuss-like trees and water-carved rocks, it's easy to see why the national parks have been called \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/americasbestidea/\" target=\"_blank\">America's Best Idea\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spend a few hours with some of the park's employees, like Cultural Resources Branch Chief Jason Theuer, and you'll see that national parks are also another thing: expensive. There is a nearly $12 billion maintenance backlog of work that needs be done but isn't because of limited money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theuer's job is to preserve and maintain some of the historical structures here -- sites like Keys Ranch, the sprawling high-desert homestead deep in Joshua Tree's interior. The ranch's schoolhouse, which is about 80 years old, looks like it was cobbled together with salvaged materials. There are no studs keeping the walls straight and upright, so now there's as much light pouring in through the warped wooden-plank walls as there is through the windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We came in and added all of these supports here,\" Theuer says, pointing to a beefy frame built up against the building's interior. Without it, it's hard to imagine the building standing up to a good sneeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10889498\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10889498\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"There are more than 150 historical structures at Joshua Tree National Park, like this schoolhouse at Keys Ranch. Jason Theuer's job is to decide which ones to protect and preserve, based on the available resources, and then do just that. He says it feels like being an ambulance driver.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are more than 150 historical structures at Joshua Tree National Park, like this schoolhouse at Keys Ranch. Jason Theuer's job is to decide which ones to protect and preserve, based on the available resources, and then do just that. He says it feels like being an ambulance driver. \u003ccite>(Nathan Rott/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The wooden frame and the expertise to install it were expensive, Theuer says. To keep buildings like this standing and to keep them as historically accurate as possible requires structural and architectural analyses, historical preservationists and period experts as well as raw materials and construction crews. In total, Theuer estimates the annual cost of keeping this schoolhouse standing is $35,000 to $40,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The schoolhouse is one of a number of structures at Keys Ranch. There's a two-story house, a guesthouse, a work shed, a windmill, tractors and wagons — all of which need upkeep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much does it cost to maintain and preserve Keys Ranch for visitors? It's hard to say exactly — and it really doesn't matter, Theuer says, \"because that money doesn't exist in the National Park Service.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Expanding Backlog\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua Tree National Park is so expensive to maintain that for years the park's management has had to put off big projects because it hasn't had the money to take them on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here at Joshua Tree, we have about $60 million in backlog maintenance,\" says David Smith, the park's superintendent. \"And to put that in perspective, our annual operating budget at this park is a little over $6 million.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I need about twice as much money as I currently get to address our maintenance backlog.'\u003ccite>Jon Jarvis, National Park Service director\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Entrance fees and donations from local groups bring in millions of dollars more, but Smith says it's nowhere near what's needed to start chipping away at that backlog. And the longer it takes to address some of those issues, the more expensive they're going to get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roads are a big part of that backlog. Many of the park's roads were built almost a century ago when the area was still being drilled and mined for gold. \"Now we have bus-size RVs and SUVs driving on them. It tears them up,\" Smith says. Given time, a crack in a road can become a pothole, and potholes can lead to washed-out roads during the next flash flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a homeowner, you take care of your house,\" Smith says. You clean out the gutters and maintain the pipes. \"If you don't take care of your house, it falls apart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's the visitor center at the south end of the park, which sees tens of thousands of tourists a year. It's a double-wide trailer, which sits on top of a fault line and isn't properly fitted. \"The fault goes right under my office,\" Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also the fact that despite having a record 2 million visitors last year, Joshua Tree didn't have the money to hire more rangers, janitors or emergency rescuers to help them out. \"I was just listening to the radio, and we have volunteers responding to an incident at a high point in the park because we don't have staff to respond to that incident,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The net result, Smith says, is that \"we don't have enough money to provide the level of service the public expects.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'I Need About Twice As Much Money'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua Tree National Park, like most of the 409 areas managed by the National Park Service, gets the bulk of its money from Congress. It's appropriated year by year, and in recent years usually comes to about $3 billion annually. Entrance fees, philanthropy and concession sales bring in more money to the park system, but National Park Service Director Jon Jarvis says it's not enough. That much money may have covered the tab for the park system years ago, but not anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/466461595/469606459\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the money's tight, some jobs don't get done — and those jobs start to pile up. Today, the total backlog of needed maintenance at U.S. national parks is $11.9 billion. That backlog includes $500 million in needed repairs at Yosemite National Park, $100 million of which is considered critical. Grand Canyon National Park needs $330 million, due largely to outstanding wastewater and water system upgrades. The Blue Ridge Parkway, which saw a record 15 million visitors last year, needs $478 million to help address the wear and tear from all of those drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I need about twice as much money as I currently get to address our maintenance backlog,\" Jarvis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's hopeful that Congress will hear his plight and appropriate more money to the National Park Service, pointing out that the new five-year highway transportation bill includes $1.4 billion for roads and bridges in national parks and that President Obama is asking Congress to appropriate more money, using the Park Service's centennial as a reason. That highway money won't come close to addressing the need, though, and Obama's proposals have been met with resistance, leading people like Holly Fretwell, a research fellow at the Property and Environment Research Center and an economics professor at Montana State University, to say that people need to be realistic about the funding situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10889510\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10889510\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The office of Joshua Tree National Park Superintendent David Smith sits on an active fault line. The building hasn't been retrofitted for seismic activity, though, because there's no money for it. "There are higher priorities," Smith says.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The office of Joshua Tree National Park Superintendent David Smith sits on an active fault line. The building hasn't been retrofitted for seismic activity, though, because there's no money for it. \"There are higher priorities,\" Smith says. \u003ccite>(Nathan Rott/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"There's no way that Congress is going to appropriate enough funding to make up this total deferred maintenance backlog,\" she says. They don't have an additional $3 billion to give, she says, and the national parks aren't that big of a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fretwell says the current and traditional system of funding the national parks is broken. \"We have to do something different,\" Fretwell says. \"There's no question, because we are losing the quality of our national parks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Funding For The Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fretwell has a few ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is to limit the expansion of the National Park Service. It's not popular with those who want to see more areas protected and preserved, but Fretwell says it doesn't make sense for the Park Service to bring in more sites and areas when it can't maintain what it already has.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expansions are \"thinning the blood\" of the park system, says James Ridenour, a former director of the National Park Service, because they take needed funds away from some parks and distribute them to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fretwell says another idea is to look more seriously at \u003ca href=\"http://www.leadingwithconservation.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/CLC_III-Gilroy_Kenny_Morris_1.3.13.pdf\">public-private partnerships\u003c/a>, where the Park Service still owns the land and sets the rules but a private company or entrepreneur runs the day-to-day operations. \"They are a firm, they are a business, they generate profits, and their goal is to manage for a good-quality product like a firm somewhere else,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of Arizona's state parks are managed by a private company called Recreation Resource Management. Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve in Kansas is owned by the National Park Service but jointly managed and funded by the Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Fretwell says she knows that people are uncomfortable with the idea of a private company running the national parks. She hears it from her own friends: \u003cem>It's going to turn into Disneyland.\u003c/em> \u003cem>They're going to charge us $1,000 a day.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fretwell says that wouldn't be the case, because the National Park Service would still set the rules and because putting a roller coaster in Yellowstone National Park wouldn't be good business. That's not why millions of people visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not a perfect solution to the funding issue, Fretwell says, but it's unlikely that a cure-all solution exists. It'll likely be a mix of appropriations, fees, endowments, sponsorships and public-private partnerships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Driving through the gold-brown savanna of Joshua Tree National Park, past its Dr. Seuss-like trees and water-carved rocks, it's easy to see why the national parks have been called \u003ca href=\"http://www.nps.gov/americasbestidea/\" target=\"_blank\">America's Best Idea\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Spend a few hours with some of the park's employees, like Cultural Resources Branch Chief Jason Theuer, and you'll see that national parks are also another thing: expensive. There is a nearly $12 billion maintenance backlog of work that needs be done but isn't because of limited money.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Theuer's job is to preserve and maintain some of the historical structures here -- sites like Keys Ranch, the sprawling high-desert homestead deep in Joshua Tree's interior. The ranch's schoolhouse, which is about 80 years old, looks like it was cobbled together with salvaged materials. There are no studs keeping the walls straight and upright, so now there's as much light pouring in through the warped wooden-plank walls as there is through the windows.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We came in and added all of these supports here,\" Theuer says, pointing to a beefy frame built up against the building's interior. Without it, it's hard to imagine the building standing up to a good sneeze.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10889498\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10889498\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"There are more than 150 historical structures at Joshua Tree National Park, like this schoolhouse at Keys Ranch. Jason Theuer's job is to decide which ones to protect and preserve, based on the available resources, and then do just that. He says it feels like being an ambulance driver.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/RottJoshuaStructure-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">There are more than 150 historical structures at Joshua Tree National Park, like this schoolhouse at Keys Ranch. Jason Theuer's job is to decide which ones to protect and preserve, based on the available resources, and then do just that. He says it feels like being an ambulance driver. \u003ccite>(Nathan Rott/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>The wooden frame and the expertise to install it were expensive, Theuer says. To keep buildings like this standing and to keep them as historically accurate as possible requires structural and architectural analyses, historical preservationists and period experts as well as raw materials and construction crews. In total, Theuer estimates the annual cost of keeping this schoolhouse standing is $35,000 to $40,000.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The schoolhouse is one of a number of structures at Keys Ranch. There's a two-story house, a guesthouse, a work shed, a windmill, tractors and wagons — all of which need upkeep.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So how much does it cost to maintain and preserve Keys Ranch for visitors? It's hard to say exactly — and it really doesn't matter, Theuer says, \"because that money doesn't exist in the National Park Service.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>An Expanding Backlog\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua Tree National Park is so expensive to maintain that for years the park's management has had to put off big projects because it hasn't had the money to take them on.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Here at Joshua Tree, we have about $60 million in backlog maintenance,\" says David Smith, the park's superintendent. \"And to put that in perspective, our annual operating budget at this park is a little over $6 million.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'I need about twice as much money as I currently get to address our maintenance backlog.'\u003ccite>Jon Jarvis, National Park Service director\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Entrance fees and donations from local groups bring in millions of dollars more, but Smith says it's nowhere near what's needed to start chipping away at that backlog. And the longer it takes to address some of those issues, the more expensive they're going to get.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Roads are a big part of that backlog. Many of the park's roads were built almost a century ago when the area was still being drilled and mined for gold. \"Now we have bus-size RVs and SUVs driving on them. It tears them up,\" Smith says. Given time, a crack in a road can become a pothole, and potholes can lead to washed-out roads during the next flash flood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"As a homeowner, you take care of your house,\" Smith says. You clean out the gutters and maintain the pipes. \"If you don't take care of your house, it falls apart.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then there's the visitor center at the south end of the park, which sees tens of thousands of tourists a year. It's a double-wide trailer, which sits on top of a fault line and isn't properly fitted. \"The fault goes right under my office,\" Smith says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>There's also the fact that despite having a record 2 million visitors last year, Joshua Tree didn't have the money to hire more rangers, janitors or emergency rescuers to help them out. \"I was just listening to the radio, and we have volunteers responding to an incident at a high point in the park because we don't have staff to respond to that incident,\" he says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The net result, Smith says, is that \"we don't have enough money to provide the level of service the public expects.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>'I Need About Twice As Much Money'\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Joshua Tree National Park, like most of the 409 areas managed by the National Park Service, gets the bulk of its money from Congress. It's appropriated year by year, and in recent years usually comes to about $3 billion annually. Entrance fees, philanthropy and concession sales bring in more money to the park system, but National Park Service Director Jon Jarvis says it's not enough. That much money may have covered the tab for the park system years ago, but not anymore.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/466461595/469606459\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>When the money's tight, some jobs don't get done — and those jobs start to pile up. Today, the total backlog of needed maintenance at U.S. national parks is $11.9 billion. That backlog includes $500 million in needed repairs at Yosemite National Park, $100 million of which is considered critical. Grand Canyon National Park needs $330 million, due largely to outstanding wastewater and water system upgrades. The Blue Ridge Parkway, which saw a record 15 million visitors last year, needs $478 million to help address the wear and tear from all of those drivers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I need about twice as much money as I currently get to address our maintenance backlog,\" Jarvis says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>He's hopeful that Congress will hear his plight and appropriate more money to the National Park Service, pointing out that the new five-year highway transportation bill includes $1.4 billion for roads and bridges in national parks and that President Obama is asking Congress to appropriate more money, using the Park Service's centennial as a reason. That highway money won't come close to addressing the need, though, and Obama's proposals have been met with resistance, leading people like Holly Fretwell, a research fellow at the Property and Environment Research Center and an economics professor at Montana State University, to say that people need to be realistic about the funding situation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10889510\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10889510\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-800x534.jpg\" alt=\"The office of Joshua Tree National Park Superintendent David Smith sits on an active fault line. The building hasn't been retrofitted for seismic activity, though, because there's no money for it. "There are higher priorities," Smith says.\" width=\"800\" height=\"534\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-800x534.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-400x267.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-1180x788.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/03/JoshuaTreeOffice-960x641.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">The office of Joshua Tree National Park Superintendent David Smith sits on an active fault line. The building hasn't been retrofitted for seismic activity, though, because there's no money for it. \"There are higher priorities,\" Smith says. \u003ccite>(Nathan Rott/NPR)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\"There's no way that Congress is going to appropriate enough funding to make up this total deferred maintenance backlog,\" she says. They don't have an additional $3 billion to give, she says, and the national parks aren't that big of a priority.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fretwell says the current and traditional system of funding the national parks is broken. \"We have to do something different,\" Fretwell says. \"There's no question, because we are losing the quality of our national parks.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Funding For The Future\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fretwell has a few ideas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One is to limit the expansion of the National Park Service. It's not popular with those who want to see more areas protected and preserved, but Fretwell says it doesn't make sense for the Park Service to bring in more sites and areas when it can't maintain what it already has.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Expansions are \"thinning the blood\" of the park system, says James Ridenour, a former director of the National Park Service, because they take needed funds away from some parks and distribute them to others.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fretwell says another idea is to look more seriously at \u003ca href=\"http://www.leadingwithconservation.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/CLC_III-Gilroy_Kenny_Morris_1.3.13.pdf\">public-private partnerships\u003c/a>, where the Park Service still owns the land and sets the rules but a private company or entrepreneur runs the day-to-day operations. \"They are a firm, they are a business, they generate profits, and their goal is to manage for a good-quality product like a firm somewhere else,\" she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most of Arizona's state parks are managed by a private company called Recreation Resource Management. Tallgrass Prairie National Preserve in Kansas is owned by the National Park Service but jointly managed and funded by the Nature Conservancy.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Still, Fretwell says she knows that people are uncomfortable with the idea of a private company running the national parks. She hears it from her own friends: \u003cem>It's going to turn into Disneyland.\u003c/em> \u003cem>They're going to charge us $1,000 a day.\u003c/em>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fretwell says that wouldn't be the case, because the National Park Service would still set the rules and because putting a roller coaster in Yellowstone National Park wouldn't be good business. That's not why millions of people visit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It's not a perfect solution to the funding issue, Fretwell says, but it's unlikely that a cure-all solution exists. It'll likely be a mix of appropriations, fees, endowments, sponsorships and public-private partnerships.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"disqusTitle": "L.A. Officials Bring the Hammer Down on Tiny Houses for Homeless",
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"content": "\u003cp>Elvis Summers is not part of any nonprofit or government agency. He's just a 38-year-old guy with a mohawk and tattooed arms who started a GoFundMe campaign last spring so he could build tiny houses for homeless people to live in. He got the idea after befriending a homeless woman in his neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just got to me, you know, I'm just like, you know, everybody in this neighborhood knows you, they like you,\" he says. \"Why does nobody give a crap that you're sleeping in the dirt? Literally.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/469054634/469083227\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far Summer has given out 37 tiny 6- by-8-foot houses, which cost $1,200 each to build. They resemble sheds, painted in bright, solid colors, with solar panels on the roof, wheels to make them mobile and a portable camping toilet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recently, city sanitation workers confiscated three of the houses from a sidewalk in South Los Angeles and tagged others for removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, these structures are a safety hazard,\" says Connie Llanos, a spokeswoman for L.A. Mayor Eric Garcetti. \"These structures, some of the materials that were found in some of them, just the thought of folks having some of these things in a space so small, so confined, without the proper insulation, it really does put their lives in danger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Llanos says they'd be better off taking advantage of official resources like shelters or housing vouchers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L8nTcqwqdU4\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>According to the latest count, 44,000 people live on the streets in and around L.A. The city's sweep put some people back on the sidewalks, and since then Summers has been handing out tents instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willie Hadnot lost his tiny house when the city confiscated it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"About my house, you know, you know I had a peace of mind,\" he says. \"I could shut the door, go lay down, quiet. And that's what I miss a whole lot, man. I don't want to start crying.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"pyxL9x4wLepdPRzLgGjuuNLa4vgkaLbE\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Someone who understands that pain is Kevin Green, whose tiny house was tagged for removal. Before the city could take it, Summers moved it to the parking lot where it now stands, temporarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you're homeless, your day is consumed with, you know, that you don't have a place to store your things so you're walking around carrying all this stuff with you, you know, what can you get accomplished?\" asks Green, who lived on the streets of South L.A. for six months before he got this house around Christmas. His bed takes up most of his tiny blue house. Green is proud to have a roof over his head as he opens the door and steps inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have two windows, one on each side with blue curtains, thin enough to allow the breeze to come through,\" he says. \"You know, I keep my keys around a keychain that I hang around my neck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But you know, it's a constant reminder with it around my neck that I have something that I can call mine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 KCRW-FM. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcrw.com\">KCRW-FM\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Elvis Summers is not part of any nonprofit or government agency. He's just a 38-year-old guy with a mohawk and tattooed arms who started a GoFundMe campaign last spring so he could build tiny houses for homeless people to live in. He got the idea after befriending a homeless woman in his neighborhood.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"It just got to me, you know, I'm just like, you know, everybody in this neighborhood knows you, they like you,\" he says. \"Why does nobody give a crap that you're sleeping in the dirt? Literally.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/469054634/469083227\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So far Summer has given out 37 tiny 6- by-8-foot houses, which cost $1,200 each to build. They resemble sheds, painted in bright, solid colors, with solar panels on the roof, wheels to make them mobile and a portable camping toilet.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But recently, city sanitation workers confiscated three of the houses from a sidewalk in South Los Angeles and tagged others for removal.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Unfortunately, these structures are a safety hazard,\" says Connie Llanos, a spokeswoman for L.A. Mayor Eric Garcetti. \"These structures, some of the materials that were found in some of them, just the thought of folks having some of these things in a space so small, so confined, without the proper insulation, it really does put their lives in danger.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Llanos says they'd be better off taking advantage of official resources like shelters or housing vouchers.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/L8nTcqwqdU4'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/L8nTcqwqdU4'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>According to the latest count, 44,000 people live on the streets in and around L.A. The city's sweep put some people back on the sidewalks, and since then Summers has been handing out tents instead.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Willie Hadnot lost his tiny house when the city confiscated it.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"About my house, you know, you know I had a peace of mind,\" he says. \"I could shut the door, go lay down, quiet. And that's what I miss a whole lot, man. I don't want to start crying.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Someone who understands that pain is Kevin Green, whose tiny house was tagged for removal. Before the city could take it, Summers moved it to the parking lot where it now stands, temporarily.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you're homeless, your day is consumed with, you know, that you don't have a place to store your things so you're walking around carrying all this stuff with you, you know, what can you get accomplished?\" asks Green, who lived on the streets of South L.A. for six months before he got this house around Christmas. His bed takes up most of his tiny blue house. Green is proud to have a roof over his head as he opens the door and steps inside.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"I have two windows, one on each side with blue curtains, thin enough to allow the breeze to come through,\" he says. \"You know, I keep my keys around a keychain that I hang around my neck.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"But you know, it's a constant reminder with it around my neck that I have something that I can call mine.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 KCRW-FM. To see more, visit \u003ca href=\"http://www.kcrw.com\">KCRW-FM\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Court Gives Residents 30 Days, Not 8, to Return Home After Porter Ranch Leak",
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"content": "\u003cp>Backing a lower court's decision that extends a grace period for people displaced by a huge natural gas leak, an appeals court says Southern California Gas Co. should pay for temporary housing for an additional 30 days, rather than the eight-day period the company had planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue centers on the time frame for residents to return to the Porter Ranch community after state officials declared the area safe to inhabit again. Last month, SoCalGas announced it had \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/17/as-crews-seal-aliso-canyon-gas-leak-public-officials-mull-how-to-prevent-another\">finally succeeded in plugging a leak\u003c/a> that had spewed some 5 billion cubic feet of natural gas into the air over several months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/03/02/58164/porter-ranch-court-agrees-residents-get-more-time/\">KPCC\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The LA County lawyers argued that some of those who have already returned home to Porter Ranch are reporting health issues, so the gas company should be forced to continue paying to house them elsewhere while officials conduct additional air monitoring to confirm there is no health threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"SoCalGas argued that the eight-day timeframe was sufficient because it was based on data showing that the air in and around Porter Ranch 'has returned to the typical air-quality conditions that existed prior to the leak.'\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's ruling means that residents can remain in temporary housing until March 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"wDrpFczHziCEvwWjfcdGRX7pANNqYpvK\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to seeking a longer period to resettle in their homes, Porter Ranch residents have been pressing state legislators to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/23/aliso-canyon-gas-operations-wont-resume-anytime-soon\" target=\"_blank\">shut down the Aliso Canyon Storage Facility\u003c/a> that was the source of the leaked gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents are also asking officials to ensure that SoCal Gas pays for cleanup costs in the area. As \u003ca href=\"http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2016/03/01/oily-residue-from-gas-leak-coats-porter-ranch-homes/\">CBS Los Angeles recently reported\u003c/a>, some people who returned to their homes in Porter Ranch have found \"goopy residue coating their homes inside and out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a bulletin to residents, the Los Angeles County public health department says the oily residue isn't the result of methane and other leaked gases, but comes from recent drilling near the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Residents should avoid contact with fruits, vegetables, and any surfaces that appear to be coated with an oily residue,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/media/docs/AlisoReturning.pdf\">the department says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Backing a lower court's decision that extends a grace period for people displaced by a huge natural gas leak, an appeals court says Southern California Gas Co. should pay for temporary housing for an additional 30 days, rather than the eight-day period the company had planned.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The issue centers on the time frame for residents to return to the Porter Ranch community after state officials declared the area safe to inhabit again. Last month, SoCalGas announced it had \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/17/as-crews-seal-aliso-canyon-gas-leak-public-officials-mull-how-to-prevent-another\">finally succeeded in plugging a leak\u003c/a> that had spewed some 5 billion cubic feet of natural gas into the air over several months.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>From \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/03/02/58164/porter-ranch-court-agrees-residents-get-more-time/\">KPCC\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"The LA County lawyers argued that some of those who have already returned home to Porter Ranch are reporting health issues, so the gas company should be forced to continue paying to house them elsewhere while officials conduct additional air monitoring to confirm there is no health threat.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"SoCalGas argued that the eight-day timeframe was sufficient because it was based on data showing that the air in and around Porter Ranch 'has returned to the typical air-quality conditions that existed prior to the leak.'\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Wednesday's ruling means that residents can remain in temporary housing until March 18.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to seeking a longer period to resettle in their homes, Porter Ranch residents have been pressing state legislators to \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/23/aliso-canyon-gas-operations-wont-resume-anytime-soon\" target=\"_blank\">shut down the Aliso Canyon Storage Facility\u003c/a> that was the source of the leaked gas.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Residents are also asking officials to ensure that SoCal Gas pays for cleanup costs in the area. As \u003ca href=\"http://losangeles.cbslocal.com/2016/03/01/oily-residue-from-gas-leak-coats-porter-ranch-homes/\">CBS Los Angeles recently reported\u003c/a>, some people who returned to their homes in Porter Ranch have found \"goopy residue coating their homes inside and out.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In a bulletin to residents, the Los Angeles County public health department says the oily residue isn't the result of methane and other leaked gases, but comes from recent drilling near the well.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Residents should avoid contact with fruits, vegetables, and any surfaces that appear to be coated with an oily residue,\" \u003ca href=\"http://www.publichealth.lacounty.gov/media/docs/AlisoReturning.pdf\">the department says\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "FBI Chief and Apple's Top Lawyer Head Into First Encryption Hearing",
"title": "FBI Chief and Apple's Top Lawyer Head Into First Encryption Hearing",
"headTitle": "The California Report | KQED News",
"content": "\u003cp>FBI Director James Comey and Apple General Counsel Bruce Sewell are testifying today at the first congressional hearing on the issue of encryption since the beginning of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/02/17/467096705/apple-the-fbi-and-iphone-encryption-a-look-at-whats-at-stake\" target=\"_blank\">their legal clash\u003c/a> over government access to an iPhone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple is \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/22/apples-tim-cook-defends-decision-to-fight-fbi-on-hacking-shooters-iphone\" target=\"_blank\">challenging a federal court order\u003c/a> requested by the FBI, which compels the tech giant to write special software that would help investigators crack into the iPhone used by one of the San Bernardino shooters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Tuesday's \u003ca href=\"http://judiciary.house.gov/index.cfm/hearings?ID=89431275-E911-4D5C-BD70-BFE3EF91AD86\" target=\"_blank\">House Judiciary Committee hearing\u003c/a>, Apple's Sewell will argue that creating such software would undermine anti-hacking security for all iPhones, according to \u003ca href=\"http://judiciary.house.gov/_cache/files/bacff0c7-5e24-48ea-a8a3-8166e20b5332/sewell-written-testimony.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">his written testimony\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The line between personal privacy and public safety should be drawn by Congress, not Silicon Valley.'\u003ccite>New York County District Attorney Cyrus Vance\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Comey's \u003ca href=\"http://judiciary.house.gov/_cache/files/781b192e-78b3-41b8-ad6c-0e01e578c0eb/comey-written-testimony.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">written remarks\u003c/a> never call out Apple by name. He will argue that while security of data networks and people's ability to communicate privately are hugely important, government investigators shouldn't be obstructed by technical design decisions in situations when they get appropriate judicial approval for access. Here's more from the prepared remarks:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"One of the bedrock principles upon which we rely to guide us is the principle of judicial authorization: that if an independent judge finds reason to believe that certain private communications contain evidence of a crime, then the Government can conduct a limited search for that evidence. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are not asking to expand the Government's surveillance authority, but rather we are asking to ensure that we can continue to obtain electronic information and evidence pursuant to the legal authority that Congress has provided to us to keep America safe.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And there's one thing that both Apple and its critics agree on: The issue of government access to encrypted data on iPhones should be settled by lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The line between personal privacy and public safety should be drawn by Congress, not Silicon Valley,\" New York County District Attorney Cyrus Vance, another witness at the hearing, \u003ca href=\"http://judiciary.house.gov/_cache/files/195ae8bc-7ccf-4df1-9cbd-a174a369e5af/vance-written-testimony.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">says in his own prepared testimony\u003c/a>. \"In the absence of a uniform policy, our nation will effectively delegate the crafting of national security and law enforcement policy to boardrooms in Silicon Valley.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple, in turn, says the matter should be resolved by Congress instead of the court system, where it's currently pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Should the FBI have the right to compel a company to produce a product it doesn't already make, to the FBI's exact specifications and for the FBI's use?\" Sewell writes. \"The decisions should be made by you and your colleagues as representatives of the people, rather than through a warrant request based on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/what-all-writs-act-1789-has-do-iphone-180958188/?no-ist\" target=\"_blank\">220-year-old statute\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as the All Writs Act, the statute has been used before to compel companies, including Apple, to cooperate with investigations, according to the Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"dA6D7kfK2Muzjc10dS8gcC0fr5dB1iLC\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department has already searched the iCloud backups associated with the phone, but they stopped several weeks before the Dec. 2 attack. It's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/02/26/468216198/san-bernardino-police-chief-weighs-in-on-whether-apple-should-unlock-shooter-s-p\" target=\"_blank\">unclear what exactly might be\u003c/a> on the phone, but U.S. attorneys general \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/02/19/467385553/doj-lays-out-its-legal-case-for-why-apple-should-help-crack-an-iphone\" target=\"_blank\">have told the federal court in California\u003c/a> that Apple's cooperation is crucial in the investigation: The phone's security prevents the FBI from having a computer guess the PIN code and could wipe the phone clean after 10 wrong tries, so the FBI wants Apple to override those security protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vance, representing the National District Attorneys Association, plans to tell the judiciary panel that Apple's switch in the fall of 2014 to stronger iPhone encryption by default \"severely harms\" prosecutions and investigations across the country. In his prepared remarks, he says his own office has currently been locked out of 175 Apple devices obtained in investigations of a murder, sexual child abuse, sex trafficking, child pornography, assault and robbery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the FBI has underscored that it's requesting very targeted computer code for one particular iPhone that would never have to leave Apple's hands, Apple paints this case as a major precedent that would amount to creating a master key for its devices, which CEO Tim Cook \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/02/24/468016377/apple-ceo-tim-cook-back-door-to-iphones-would-be-software-equivalent-of-cancer\" target=\"_blank\">has called\u003c/a> the software \"equivalent of cancer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tech companies, including Google, Facebook, Microsoft and others, are expected to file briefs in support of Apple in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, t\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/google-facebook-and-other-powerful-tech-firms-filing-briefs-to-support-apple/2016/02/28/beb05460-de48-11e5-846c-10191d1fc4ec_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">he Washington Post reports\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Those involved say the swell of support is unparalleled, especially for a case at the magistrate judge level — the lowest level of the federal court system. The filings also indicate the level of anxiety among companies about the possibility of a legal precedent greatly expanding the limits of what the government can force a company to do in criminal and national security probes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, law enforcement groups and families of some of the 14 killed in the Dec. 2 attack in San Bernardino, Calif., are filing briefs in support of the government.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Apple's public position \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/29/judge-in-n-y-drug-case-says-fbi-cant-force-apple-to-unlock-iphone\" target=\"_blank\">got a boost on Monday\u003c/a> in another legal standoff involving a drug case in Brooklyn. A magistrate judge there ruled against federal investigators, rejecting their request for an All Writs order compelling Apple to help them bypass an iPhone passcode. That ruling isn't binding in other courts and it dealt with a different set of technical requests, but it hits on a similar theme of government access to encrypted data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Congress, House Homeland Security Committee Chairman Michael McCaul, a Texas Republican, and Senate Intelligence Committee member Mark Warner, a Virginia Democrat, have \u003ca href=\"https://homeland.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/2016.02.29_Commission.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">introduced a bill\u003c/a> that would create a National Commission on Security and Technology Challenges, which would consist of 16 \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/how-to-unite-privacy-and-security--before-the-next-terrorist-attack/2015/12/27/628537c4-a9b3-11e5-9b92-dea7cd4b1a4d_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">experts representing\u003c/a> all of the interests at stake so we can evaluate and improve America's security posture as technology — and our adversaries — evolve.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. attorneys are due to respond to Apple's latest filing regarding the San Bernardino iPhone by March 10, and a court hearing is scheduled for March 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "As Apple challenges the FBI's request to unlock an iPhone, all sides urge Congress to settle the ongoing dispute over access to encrypted data.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>FBI Director James Comey and Apple General Counsel Bruce Sewell are testifying today at the first congressional hearing on the issue of encryption since the beginning of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/02/17/467096705/apple-the-fbi-and-iphone-encryption-a-look-at-whats-at-stake\" target=\"_blank\">their legal clash\u003c/a> over government access to an iPhone.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple is \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/22/apples-tim-cook-defends-decision-to-fight-fbi-on-hacking-shooters-iphone\" target=\"_blank\">challenging a federal court order\u003c/a> requested by the FBI, which compels the tech giant to write special software that would help investigators crack into the iPhone used by one of the San Bernardino shooters.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>At Tuesday's \u003ca href=\"http://judiciary.house.gov/index.cfm/hearings?ID=89431275-E911-4D5C-BD70-BFE3EF91AD86\" target=\"_blank\">House Judiciary Committee hearing\u003c/a>, Apple's Sewell will argue that creating such software would undermine anti-hacking security for all iPhones, according to \u003ca href=\"http://judiciary.house.gov/_cache/files/bacff0c7-5e24-48ea-a8a3-8166e20b5332/sewell-written-testimony.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">his written testimony\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003caside class=\"pullquote alignright\">'The line between personal privacy and public safety should be drawn by Congress, not Silicon Valley.'\u003ccite>New York County District Attorney Cyrus Vance\u003c/cite>\u003c/aside>\n\u003cp>Comey's \u003ca href=\"http://judiciary.house.gov/_cache/files/781b192e-78b3-41b8-ad6c-0e01e578c0eb/comey-written-testimony.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">written remarks\u003c/a> never call out Apple by name. He will argue that while security of data networks and people's ability to communicate privately are hugely important, government investigators shouldn't be obstructed by technical design decisions in situations when they get appropriate judicial approval for access. Here's more from the prepared remarks:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"One of the bedrock principles upon which we rely to guide us is the principle of judicial authorization: that if an independent judge finds reason to believe that certain private communications contain evidence of a crime, then the Government can conduct a limited search for that evidence. ...\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"We are not asking to expand the Government's surveillance authority, but rather we are asking to ensure that we can continue to obtain electronic information and evidence pursuant to the legal authority that Congress has provided to us to keep America safe.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>And there's one thing that both Apple and its critics agree on: The issue of government access to encrypted data on iPhones should be settled by lawmakers.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The line between personal privacy and public safety should be drawn by Congress, not Silicon Valley,\" New York County District Attorney Cyrus Vance, another witness at the hearing, \u003ca href=\"http://judiciary.house.gov/_cache/files/195ae8bc-7ccf-4df1-9cbd-a174a369e5af/vance-written-testimony.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">says in his own prepared testimony\u003c/a>. \"In the absence of a uniform policy, our nation will effectively delegate the crafting of national security and law enforcement policy to boardrooms in Silicon Valley.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Apple, in turn, says the matter should be resolved by Congress instead of the court system, where it's currently pending.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Should the FBI have the right to compel a company to produce a product it doesn't already make, to the FBI's exact specifications and for the FBI's use?\" Sewell writes. \"The decisions should be made by you and your colleagues as representatives of the people, rather than through a warrant request based on a \u003ca href=\"http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/what-all-writs-act-1789-has-do-iphone-180958188/?no-ist\" target=\"_blank\">220-year-old statute\u003c/a>.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Known as the All Writs Act, the statute has been used before to compel companies, including Apple, to cooperate with investigations, according to the Department of Justice.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The Justice Department has already searched the iCloud backups associated with the phone, but they stopped several weeks before the Dec. 2 attack. It's \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/02/26/468216198/san-bernardino-police-chief-weighs-in-on-whether-apple-should-unlock-shooter-s-p\" target=\"_blank\">unclear what exactly might be\u003c/a> on the phone, but U.S. attorneys general \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/02/19/467385553/doj-lays-out-its-legal-case-for-why-apple-should-help-crack-an-iphone\" target=\"_blank\">have told the federal court in California\u003c/a> that Apple's cooperation is crucial in the investigation: The phone's security prevents the FBI from having a computer guess the PIN code and could wipe the phone clean after 10 wrong tries, so the FBI wants Apple to override those security protections.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Vance, representing the National District Attorneys Association, plans to tell the judiciary panel that Apple's switch in the fall of 2014 to stronger iPhone encryption by default \"severely harms\" prosecutions and investigations across the country. In his prepared remarks, he says his own office has currently been locked out of 175 Apple devices obtained in investigations of a murder, sexual child abuse, sex trafficking, child pornography, assault and robbery.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Though the FBI has underscored that it's requesting very targeted computer code for one particular iPhone that would never have to leave Apple's hands, Apple paints this case as a major precedent that would amount to creating a master key for its devices, which CEO Tim Cook \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2016/02/24/468016377/apple-ceo-tim-cook-back-door-to-iphones-would-be-software-equivalent-of-cancer\" target=\"_blank\">has called\u003c/a> the software \"equivalent of cancer.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tech companies, including Google, Facebook, Microsoft and others, are expected to file briefs in support of Apple in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California, t\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/google-facebook-and-other-powerful-tech-firms-filing-briefs-to-support-apple/2016/02/28/beb05460-de48-11e5-846c-10191d1fc4ec_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">he Washington Post reports\u003c/a>:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\u003cp>\"Those involved say the swell of support is unparalleled, especially for a case at the magistrate judge level — the lowest level of the federal court system. The filings also indicate the level of anxiety among companies about the possibility of a legal precedent greatly expanding the limits of what the government can force a company to do in criminal and national security probes.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, law enforcement groups and families of some of the 14 killed in the Dec. 2 attack in San Bernardino, Calif., are filing briefs in support of the government.\u003c/p>\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>Apple's public position \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/29/judge-in-n-y-drug-case-says-fbi-cant-force-apple-to-unlock-iphone\" target=\"_blank\">got a boost on Monday\u003c/a> in another legal standoff involving a drug case in Brooklyn. A magistrate judge there ruled against federal investigators, rejecting their request for an All Writs order compelling Apple to help them bypass an iPhone passcode. That ruling isn't binding in other courts and it dealt with a different set of technical requests, but it hits on a similar theme of government access to encrypted data.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In Congress, House Homeland Security Committee Chairman Michael McCaul, a Texas Republican, and Senate Intelligence Committee member Mark Warner, a Virginia Democrat, have \u003ca href=\"https://homeland.house.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/2016.02.29_Commission.pdf\" target=\"_blank\">introduced a bill\u003c/a> that would create a National Commission on Security and Technology Challenges, which would consist of 16 \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/how-to-unite-privacy-and-security--before-the-next-terrorist-attack/2015/12/27/628537c4-a9b3-11e5-9b92-dea7cd4b1a4d_story.html\" target=\"_blank\">experts representing\u003c/a> all of the interests at stake so we can evaluate and improve America's security posture as technology — and our adversaries — evolve.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>U.S. attorneys are due to respond to Apple's latest filing regarding the San Bernardino iPhone by March 10, and a court hearing is scheduled for March 22.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "'Salt Into the Wound': Why Anohni Is Skipping the Oscars",
"title": "'Salt Into the Wound': Why Anohni Is Skipping the Oscars",
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"content": "\u003cp>What was behind the decision not to invite the artists behind two tunes nominated for Best Original Song to perform on Sunday night's Academy Awards broadcast?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the snubbed musicians is singer and lyricist \u003ca href=\"http://anohni.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Anohni\u003c/a>, whose song \"Manta Ray,\" with music by J. Ralph appears in the documentary \u003cem>Racing Extinction.\u003c/em> On Thursday, she published a heartfelt \u003ca href=\"http://antonyandthejohnsons.com/news/news.html\" target=\"_blank\">essay\u003c/a> on why she feels she was left out — and why she has decided not to attend the ceremony at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Variety\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://variety.com/2016/film/in-contention/oscars-song-performances-youth-racing-extinction-1201710638/\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a> last week that both \"Manta Ray\" and Pulitzer Prize-winning American composer \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/artists/120995816/david-lang\" target=\"_blank\">David Lang\u003c/a>'s \"Simple Song #3,\" sung by Grammy-winning soprano \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/artists/16320515/sumi-jo\" target=\"_blank\">Sumi Jo\u003c/a>, were being omitted from the broadcast due to \"time constraints.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f1JiJhWkM9M\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, the three other nominated artists — \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/artists/120001078/lady-gaga\" target=\"_blank\">Lady Gaga\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/artists/384927706/sam-smith\" target=\"_blank\">Sam Smith\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/artists/135036318/the-weeknd\" target=\"_blank\">The Weeknd\u003c/a> — will be \u003ca href=\"http://oscar.go.com/news/oscar-news/oscars-2016-presenters-and-performers-the-complete-list\" target=\"_blank\">singing\u003c/a> on Sunday evening, as will Foo Fighters frontman \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/artists/173424658/dave-grohl\" target=\"_blank\">Dave Grohl\u003c/a> in a \"special performance.\" The Weeknd's \"Earned It,\" from \u003cem>Fifty Shades of Grey, \u003c/em>became a Top 3 \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/artist/419413/weeknd/chart?page=1&f=379\" target=\"_blank\">hit\u003c/a> on the \u003cem>Billboard \u003c/em>Hot 100 chart, and \"Writing's On The Wall,\" co-written by Sam Smith and Jimmy Nape, became the first James Bond movie theme to ever reach \u003ca href=\"http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/sam-smith-makes-history-with-first-ever-official-number-1-james-bond-theme-this-is-a-special-moment-i-ll-never-forget-__10891/\" target=\"_blank\">No. 1\u003c/a> on the British charts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Til It Happens to You,\" the song co-written by Lady Gaga and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/artists/127988436/diane-warren\" target=\"_blank\">Diane Warren\u003c/a> for the documentary \u003cem>The Hunting Ground\u003c/em>, hasn't made any headway on the American or British charts, but Gaga has been a staple during this awards telecast season, particularly after her Grammy Awards \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/02/21/467269601/it-changes-you-forever-lady-gaga-on-david-bowie-and-being-brave\" target=\"_blank\">tribute\u003c/a> to David Bowie earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2012/08/06/158237793/antonys-future-feminism-stage-banter-as-statement-of-purpose\" target=\"_blank\">Formerly known as\u003c/a> Antony (of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/artists/15239231/antony-and-the-johnsons\" target=\"_blank\">Antony and the Johnsons\u003c/a>), Anohni writes that she feels humiliated by the Academy's decision: \"There I was, feeling a sting of shame that reminded me of America's earliest affirmations of my inadequacy as a transperson.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she adds, she thinks that there is another issue at play:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"I want to be clear — I know that I wasn't excluded from the performance directly because I am transgendered. I was not invited to perform because I am relatively unknown in the U.S., singing a song about ecocide, and that might not sell advertising space. It is not me that is picking the performers for the night, and I know that I don't have an automatic right to be asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you trace the trail of breadcrumbs, the deeper truth of it is impossible to ignore. Like global warming, it is not one isolated event, but a series of events that occur over years to create a system that has sought to undermine me, at first as a feminine child, and later as an androgynous transwoman. It is a system of social oppression and diminished opportunities for transpeople that has been employed by capitalism in the U.S. to crush our dreams and our collective spirit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>She added some stinging words for those artists, actors and other people who are participating in this year's ceremony: \"I will not be lulled into submission with a few more well manufactured, feel-good ballads and a bit of good old fashioned T. and A. They are going to try to convince us that they have our best interests at heart by waving flags for identity politics and fake moral issues. But don't forget that many of these celebrities are the trophies of billionaire corporations whose only intention it is to manipulate you into giving them your consent and the last of your money.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anohni is the first transgendered performer ever nominated for an Oscar, but not the first transgendered artist. In the 1970s, the late composer Angela Morley was nominated for scores to \u003cem>The Little Prince\u003c/em> and \u003cem>The Slipper and the Rose\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"y9KvQtaAGcLOjPzagrLi7NblGmZbxaxg\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the British-born Morley wrote in an essay on her \u003ca href=\"http://www.angelamorley.com/site/bio.htm\" target=\"_blank\">website\u003c/a>, she was thrilled by how she was received in Hollywood: \"I went to California on both occasions to attend the Oscar ceremonies. The wonderfully warm and generous way that I was made to feel at home there by my American colleagues and friends resulted in my being rather seduced by the California lifestyle and I soon returned with the intention of staying.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past several years, there have been a few instances of certain Oscar-nominated songs not being performed on the live broadcast. In \u003ca href=\"http://deadline.com/2010/02/oscar-spoilers-best-original-song-artists-not-performing-25443/\" target=\"_blank\">2010\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://carpetbagger.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/08/without-man-or-muppet-singing-pharrell-williams-has-other-options/?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">2012\u003c/a>, no nominated songs were given live performance airtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Lang declined to comment for this story. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>What was behind the decision not to invite the artists behind two tunes nominated for Best Original Song to perform on Sunday night's Academy Awards broadcast?\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>One of the snubbed musicians is singer and lyricist \u003ca href=\"http://anohni.com/\" target=\"_blank\">Anohni\u003c/a>, whose song \"Manta Ray,\" with music by J. Ralph appears in the documentary \u003cem>Racing Extinction.\u003c/em> On Thursday, she published a heartfelt \u003ca href=\"http://antonyandthejohnsons.com/news/news.html\" target=\"_blank\">essay\u003c/a> on why she feels she was left out — and why she has decided not to attend the ceremony at all.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cem>Variety\u003c/em> \u003ca href=\"http://variety.com/2016/film/in-contention/oscars-song-performances-youth-racing-extinction-1201710638/\" target=\"_blank\">reported\u003c/a> last week that both \"Manta Ray\" and Pulitzer Prize-winning American composer \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/artists/120995816/david-lang\" target=\"_blank\">David Lang\u003c/a>'s \"Simple Song #3,\" sung by Grammy-winning soprano \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/artists/16320515/sumi-jo\" target=\"_blank\">Sumi Jo\u003c/a>, were being omitted from the broadcast due to \"time constraints.\"\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/f1JiJhWkM9M'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/f1JiJhWkM9M'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>However, the three other nominated artists — \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/artists/120001078/lady-gaga\" target=\"_blank\">Lady Gaga\u003c/a>, \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/artists/384927706/sam-smith\" target=\"_blank\">Sam Smith\u003c/a>, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/artists/135036318/the-weeknd\" target=\"_blank\">The Weeknd\u003c/a> — will be \u003ca href=\"http://oscar.go.com/news/oscar-news/oscars-2016-presenters-and-performers-the-complete-list\" target=\"_blank\">singing\u003c/a> on Sunday evening, as will Foo Fighters frontman \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/artists/173424658/dave-grohl\" target=\"_blank\">Dave Grohl\u003c/a> in a \"special performance.\" The Weeknd's \"Earned It,\" from \u003cem>Fifty Shades of Grey, \u003c/em>became a Top 3 \u003ca href=\"http://www.billboard.com/artist/419413/weeknd/chart?page=1&f=379\" target=\"_blank\">hit\u003c/a> on the \u003cem>Billboard \u003c/em>Hot 100 chart, and \"Writing's On The Wall,\" co-written by Sam Smith and Jimmy Nape, became the first James Bond movie theme to ever reach \u003ca href=\"http://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/sam-smith-makes-history-with-first-ever-official-number-1-james-bond-theme-this-is-a-special-moment-i-ll-never-forget-__10891/\" target=\"_blank\">No. 1\u003c/a> on the British charts.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Til It Happens to You,\" the song co-written by Lady Gaga and \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/artists/127988436/diane-warren\" target=\"_blank\">Diane Warren\u003c/a> for the documentary \u003cem>The Hunting Ground\u003c/em>, hasn't made any headway on the American or British charts, but Gaga has been a staple during this awards telecast season, particularly after her Grammy Awards \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/2016/02/21/467269601/it-changes-you-forever-lady-gaga-on-david-bowie-and-being-brave\" target=\"_blank\">tribute\u003c/a> to David Bowie earlier this month.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2012/08/06/158237793/antonys-future-feminism-stage-banter-as-statement-of-purpose\" target=\"_blank\">Formerly known as\u003c/a> Antony (of \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/artists/15239231/antony-and-the-johnsons\" target=\"_blank\">Antony and the Johnsons\u003c/a>), Anohni writes that she feels humiliated by the Academy's decision: \"There I was, feeling a sting of shame that reminded me of America's earliest affirmations of my inadequacy as a transperson.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But, she adds, she thinks that there is another issue at play:\u003c/p>\n\u003cblockquote>\n\u003cp>\"I want to be clear — I know that I wasn't excluded from the performance directly because I am transgendered. I was not invited to perform because I am relatively unknown in the U.S., singing a song about ecocide, and that might not sell advertising space. It is not me that is picking the performers for the night, and I know that I don't have an automatic right to be asked.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But if you trace the trail of breadcrumbs, the deeper truth of it is impossible to ignore. Like global warming, it is not one isolated event, but a series of events that occur over years to create a system that has sought to undermine me, at first as a feminine child, and later as an androgynous transwoman. It is a system of social oppression and diminished opportunities for transpeople that has been employed by capitalism in the U.S. to crush our dreams and our collective spirit.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003c/blockquote>\n\u003cp>She added some stinging words for those artists, actors and other people who are participating in this year's ceremony: \"I will not be lulled into submission with a few more well manufactured, feel-good ballads and a bit of good old fashioned T. and A. They are going to try to convince us that they have our best interests at heart by waving flags for identity politics and fake moral issues. But don't forget that many of these celebrities are the trophies of billionaire corporations whose only intention it is to manipulate you into giving them your consent and the last of your money.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Anohni is the first transgendered performer ever nominated for an Oscar, but not the first transgendered artist. In the 1970s, the late composer Angela Morley was nominated for scores to \u003cem>The Little Prince\u003c/em> and \u003cem>The Slipper and the Rose\u003c/em>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As the British-born Morley wrote in an essay on her \u003ca href=\"http://www.angelamorley.com/site/bio.htm\" target=\"_blank\">website\u003c/a>, she was thrilled by how she was received in Hollywood: \"I went to California on both occasions to attend the Oscar ceremonies. The wonderfully warm and generous way that I was made to feel at home there by my American colleagues and friends resulted in my being rather seduced by the California lifestyle and I soon returned with the intention of staying.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Over the past several years, there have been a few instances of certain Oscar-nominated songs not being performed on the live broadcast. In \u003ca href=\"http://deadline.com/2010/02/oscar-spoilers-best-original-song-artists-not-performing-25443/\" target=\"_blank\">2010\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://carpetbagger.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/08/without-man-or-muppet-singing-pharrell-williams-has-other-options/?_r=0\" target=\"_blank\">2012\u003c/a>, no nominated songs were given live performance airtime.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>David Lang declined to comment for this story. \u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Beam Me Up, Scotty? Turns Out Your Brain Is Ready for Teleportation",
"title": "Beam Me Up, Scotty? Turns Out Your Brain Is Ready for Teleportation",
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"content": "\u003cp>Given \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2015/07/29/427161157/beam-me-up-teleporting-is-real-even-if-trekkie-transport-isnt\">recent advances\u003c/a> in teleportation, it's reassuring to know that the human brain's navigation system appears to work just fine when we're beamed from place to place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who experienced virtual teleportation in a video game were able to mentally navigate to known destinations without relying on visual information or perceived motion, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(16)00092-1\">study\u003c/a> published Thursday by the journal \u003cem>Neuron\u003c/em>. And during teleportation, their brains produced a distinctive electrical signal that's associated with navigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if teleporters do start showing up, don't worry. \"Our brain will be OK with that,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://mindbrain.ucdavis.edu/people/ekstrom\">Arne Ekstrom\u003c/a>, an associate professor of psychology at the University of California, Davis, and the study's senior author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was part of an effort to understand the role of a distinctive low-frequency electrical oscillation in the hippocampus, a part of the brain that plays an important role in navigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been all these studies over decades trying to figure out what this signal does,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://lindsayvass.com/\">Lindsay Vass\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral scholar at UC Davis and the study's lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oscillation occurs when a person or animal is traveling from one place to another. When the person or animal stops, so does the oscillation. But it's never been clear whether the signal is truly helping with navigation or just a related function, like movement or processing visual information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/468110269/468149490\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you're walking around the world you have all this incoming information,\" Vass says. \"You have your feet moving and stepping on the ground. You've got landmarks and buildings that you recognize and street signs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the UC Davis team designed an experiment that allowed them to eliminate all that information by having people travel in a virtual environment via teleporter. \"With teleportation, you don't see anything,\" Vass says. \"And nobody feels anything. You're not walking anywhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet you are still traveling. So your brain still needs to somehow navigate itself to a particular place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team figured that if the slow oscillations in the hippocampus were associated with movement or sensory information, they would stop during teleportation. But if they were involved in navigation, they would continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, the team recruited three volunteers who were awaiting surgery for severe epilepsy. As part of the treatment, surgeons had temporarily placed wires in the patient's brains that monitored electrical activity. This let the UC Davis team measure low-frequency oscillations coming from the hippocampus as they happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"ZqZdp7TzGdkN97o3jJPrcUKPZfcmMbEi\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteers were asked to navigate from place to place in a virtual town. One option was to walk. But in several spots, players could enter a teleportation port that would act as a short cut to a specific spot in town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They would pop out of the teleporter, and we would give them a new place to find,\" Vass says. \"So we would say, 'OK, now go find the pet store.' And they have to know, 'OK, based on the direction I'm facing now, do I need to turn to the right or the left or is it behind me?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As expected, the brain oscillations in the hippocampus were present while players were moving about in the virtual environment and absent when they stopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So the critical question for us was what happens as soon as you enter the teleporter,\" Vass says. \"What happens to the oscillation? And what we found was it was still present.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more, the oscillation changed a bit depending on whether the person had been teleported a long distance or a short one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, when the volunteers arrived, they knew where they were. During teleportation, their brains had successfully navigated to the new destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is what we call mental navigation,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.buzsakilab.com/\">Gyorgy Buzsaki\u003c/a>, a brain scientist at New York University who wasn't involved in the teleportation study. \"Somehow the brain can disengage from the environment and we are still navigating mentally.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the study's results suggest those low-frequency oscillations are coordinating the activity of neurons involved in mental navigation, Buzsaki says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Given \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/alltechconsidered/2015/07/29/427161157/beam-me-up-teleporting-is-real-even-if-trekkie-transport-isnt\">recent advances\u003c/a> in teleportation, it's reassuring to know that the human brain's navigation system appears to work just fine when we're beamed from place to place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>People who experienced virtual teleportation in a video game were able to mentally navigate to known destinations without relying on visual information or perceived motion, according to a \u003ca href=\"http://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(16)00092-1\">study\u003c/a> published Thursday by the journal \u003cem>Neuron\u003c/em>. And during teleportation, their brains produced a distinctive electrical signal that's associated with navigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So if teleporters do start showing up, don't worry. \"Our brain will be OK with that,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://mindbrain.ucdavis.edu/people/ekstrom\">Arne Ekstrom\u003c/a>, an associate professor of psychology at the University of California, Davis, and the study's senior author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The study was part of an effort to understand the role of a distinctive low-frequency electrical oscillation in the hippocampus, a part of the brain that plays an important role in navigation.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"There's been all these studies over decades trying to figure out what this signal does,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://lindsayvass.com/\">Lindsay Vass\u003c/a>, a postdoctoral scholar at UC Davis and the study's lead author.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The oscillation occurs when a person or animal is traveling from one place to another. When the person or animal stops, so does the oscillation. But it's never been clear whether the signal is truly helping with navigation or just a related function, like movement or processing visual information.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe src=\"http://www.npr.org/player/embed/468110269/468149490\" width=\"100%\" height=\"290\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"NPR embedded audio player\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"When you're walking around the world you have all this incoming information,\" Vass says. \"You have your feet moving and stepping on the ground. You've got landmarks and buildings that you recognize and street signs.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So the UC Davis team designed an experiment that allowed them to eliminate all that information by having people travel in a virtual environment via teleporter. \"With teleportation, you don't see anything,\" Vass says. \"And nobody feels anything. You're not walking anywhere.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Yet you are still traveling. So your brain still needs to somehow navigate itself to a particular place.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The team figured that if the slow oscillations in the hippocampus were associated with movement or sensory information, they would stop during teleportation. But if they were involved in navigation, they would continue.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>To find out, the team recruited three volunteers who were awaiting surgery for severe epilepsy. As part of the treatment, surgeons had temporarily placed wires in the patient's brains that monitored electrical activity. This let the UC Davis team measure low-frequency oscillations coming from the hippocampus as they happened.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The volunteers were asked to navigate from place to place in a virtual town. One option was to walk. But in several spots, players could enter a teleportation port that would act as a short cut to a specific spot in town.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They would pop out of the teleporter, and we would give them a new place to find,\" Vass says. \"So we would say, 'OK, now go find the pet store.' And they have to know, 'OK, based on the direction I'm facing now, do I need to turn to the right or the left or is it behind me?' \"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As expected, the brain oscillations in the hippocampus were present while players were moving about in the virtual environment and absent when they stopped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"So the critical question for us was what happens as soon as you enter the teleporter,\" Vass says. \"What happens to the oscillation? And what we found was it was still present.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>What's more, the oscillation changed a bit depending on whether the person had been teleported a long distance or a short one.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And, when the volunteers arrived, they knew where they were. During teleportation, their brains had successfully navigated to the new destination.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"This is what we call mental navigation,\" says \u003ca href=\"http://www.buzsakilab.com/\">Gyorgy Buzsaki\u003c/a>, a brain scientist at New York University who wasn't involved in the teleportation study. \"Somehow the brain can disengage from the environment and we are still navigating mentally.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And the study's results suggest those low-frequency oscillations are coordinating the activity of neurons involved in mental navigation, Buzsaki says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the U.S. War Relocation Authority made a decision it would soon regret. It hired famed photographer Dorothea Lange to take pictures as 110,000 Japanese and Japanese-Americans were removed from their homes on the West Coast and interned at remote military-style camps throughout the interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency \u003ca href=\"http://apjjf.org/-Linda-Gordon/2260/article.html\">had hoped\u003c/a> Lange's photos would depict the process as orderly and humane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the hundreds of photos that Lange turned over did the opposite. She considered the internment a grave injustice, and her photos depict it that way. They captured the confused and chaotic scenes of Japanese-Americans crowding onto buses and trains, the stressed and confused looks on their faces, their shuttered businesses, the threadbare barracks that would become their homes for months or years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10868583\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 634px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10868583\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/newsstand_custom-ae2a653cf5d66eae57c702e0c50df6869f10c12c.jpe\" alt=\"A newsstand in Oakland, California, in February, 1942.\" width=\"634\" height=\"624\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/newsstand_custom-ae2a653cf5d66eae57c702e0c50df6869f10c12c.jpe 634w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/newsstand_custom-ae2a653cf5d66eae57c702e0c50df6869f10c12c-400x394.jpe 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/newsstand_custom-ae2a653cf5d66eae57c702e0c50df6869f10c12c-32x32.jpe 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/newsstand_custom-ae2a653cf5d66eae57c702e0c50df6869f10c12c-64x64.jpe 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/newsstand_custom-ae2a653cf5d66eae57c702e0c50df6869f10c12c-75x75.jpe 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 634px) 100vw, 634px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A newsstand in Oakland, California, in February, 1942. \u003ccite>(Dorothea Lange/Courtesy Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Instead of allowing Lange to publish her photos, the government seized them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, some of them are on display at the Skirball Cultural Center in Los Angeles through this Sunday. They are part of an exhibit that tells the story of Japanese internment through the pictures of three photographers: Lange, the equally renowned landscape photographer Ansel Adams, whose photos from California's Manzanar internment camp anchor the exhibit, and Toyo Miyatake, a Japanese-American photographer who was interned at Manzanar but smuggled in a camera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stories that photos tell depend so much on who's snapping the shutter, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.skirball.org/exhibitions/manzanar-ansel-adams\">Manzanar: The Wartime Photographs of Ansel Adams\u003c/a> illustrates that in dramatic fashion. Each photographer offers a vastly different perspective on what Japanese internment was like, their photos reflecting not only differences in style, but in the relationship each photographer had to this shameful chapter of U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dorothea Lange\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photo below, showing a Japanese woman recently arrived at her living quarters, was among the hundreds of Lange's photos that were seized by government censors. On this original proof, the word \"Impounded\" is handwritten in the lower margin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10868642\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10868642\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DorotheaWomanInternment-800x588.jpg\" alt=\"A Japanese woman in the door of her living quarters in San Bruno.\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DorotheaWomanInternment-800x588.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DorotheaWomanInternment-400x294.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DorotheaWomanInternment.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DorotheaWomanInternment-1180x867.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DorotheaWomanInternment-960x706.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Japanese woman in the door of her living quarters in San Bruno. \u003ccite>(Dorothea Lange/Courtesy of the Bancroft Library, UC Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This next photo is of a converted racetrack in San Bruno, where Japanese-American families were temporarily housed in horse stalls while they awaited transport to internment camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10868646\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10868646\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SanBrunoStalls-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"This center is a converted race track. Here are shown what were horse-stalls, remodeled into living quarters for families.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SanBrunoStalls-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SanBrunoStalls-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SanBrunoStalls.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SanBrunoStalls-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SanBrunoStalls-960x719.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This center is a converted racetrack. Here are shown what were horse stalls, remodeled into living quarters for families. \u003ccite>(Dorothea Lange/Courtesy The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lange's photo of the Manzanar internment camp during a duststorm highlights the camp's remote desert location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10868648\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10868648\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DustStormLange-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"Scene of barrack homes at this War Relocation Authority Center for evacuees of Japanese ancestry. A hot windstorm brings dust from the surrounding desert.\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DustStormLange-800x598.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DustStormLange-400x299.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DustStormLange.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DustStormLange-1180x882.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DustStormLange-960x718.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scene of barrack homes at this War Relocation Authority Center for evacuees of Japanese ancestry. A hot windstorm brings dust from the surrounding desert. \u003ccite>(Dorothea Lange/Courtesy The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ansel Adams\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10868584\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10868584\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/joyce-yuki-nakamura_ansel-adams_custom-7e942db0fed51e4697a80db57f3e45939e18e2af-800x1053.jpg\" alt=\"Joyce Yuki Nakamura\" width=\"800\" height=\"1053\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/joyce-yuki-nakamura_ansel-adams_custom-7e942db0fed51e4697a80db57f3e45939e18e2af-800x1053.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/joyce-yuki-nakamura_ansel-adams_custom-7e942db0fed51e4697a80db57f3e45939e18e2af-400x527.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/joyce-yuki-nakamura_ansel-adams_custom-7e942db0fed51e4697a80db57f3e45939e18e2af-1920x2528.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/joyce-yuki-nakamura_ansel-adams_custom-7e942db0fed51e4697a80db57f3e45939e18e2af-1180x1554.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/joyce-yuki-nakamura_ansel-adams_custom-7e942db0fed51e4697a80db57f3e45939e18e2af-960x1264.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/joyce-yuki-nakamura_ansel-adams_custom-7e942db0fed51e4697a80db57f3e45939e18e2af.jpg 2036w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joyce Yuki Nakamura \u003ccite>(Ansel Adams/Courtesy Photographic Traveling Exhibitions)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ansel Adams visited Manzanar to take photos in 1943 at the request of camp director Ralph Merritt, who was a personal friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They don't look quite as dusty, and quite as forbidding as Dorothea Lange's photos,\" Robert Kirschner, the Skirball's director, told me as we walked through the exhibit recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the place that looks barren and depressing in Lange's pictures manages to look beautiful in Adams'. You get little sense that it was even a detention center, in part because Adams, like other photographers, was not allowed to shoot the guard towers or barbed wire. This photo, though, was taken \u003cem>from\u003c/em> a guard tower:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10868585\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10868585\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/manzanar-from-guard-tower_ansel-adams_custom-224edaa2017990b48dcd50cf3f6e3bb0a4c3492a-800x515.jpg\" alt=\"Manzanar from a guard tower.\" width=\"800\" height=\"515\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/manzanar-from-guard-tower_ansel-adams_custom-224edaa2017990b48dcd50cf3f6e3bb0a4c3492a-800x515.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/manzanar-from-guard-tower_ansel-adams_custom-224edaa2017990b48dcd50cf3f6e3bb0a4c3492a-400x258.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/manzanar-from-guard-tower_ansel-adams_custom-224edaa2017990b48dcd50cf3f6e3bb0a4c3492a-1920x1236.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/manzanar-from-guard-tower_ansel-adams_custom-224edaa2017990b48dcd50cf3f6e3bb0a4c3492a-1180x760.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/manzanar-from-guard-tower_ansel-adams_custom-224edaa2017990b48dcd50cf3f6e3bb0a4c3492a-960x618.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manzanar from a guard tower. \u003ccite>(Ansel Adams/Courtesy Photographic Traveling Exhibitions)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are scenes from a baseball game, kids walking to school, a gathering outside a chapel. Lots of smiles, too, and portraits of camp residents cropped so close you can see every blemish and stray hair. In Adams' vision, Manzanar comes off as a place where Japanese-Americans, dignified, resilient and optimistic in spite of their circumstances, built a temporary community in the desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"WGdVf8javJ5eycpih7EOr7XIs9AOvjIE\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirschner says that if Adams' photos appear to sugarcoat the indignities of life in an internment camp, it is because he did not see himself as a social activist the way Lange did. Still, Kirscher says, Adams was challenging internment in his own way, by depicting its victims as patriotic, law-abiding Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[gallery type=\"rectangular\" ids=\"10868586,10868587\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Lange, Adams was given permission to publish his photos. Before the war ended, he did so in a book called \"\u003ca href=\"http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=gdc3&fileName=scd0001_20020123001bfpage.db\">Born Free and Equal: The Story of Loyal Japanese-Americans\u003c/a>,\" in which he warned about the dangers of letting wartime hysteria justify depriving U.S. citizens of their freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Toyo Miyatake\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10868717\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10868717\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ToyoMiyatake-800x978.jpg\" alt=\"Ansel Adams took this picture of fellow photographer Toyo Miyatake, who was interned at Manzanar.\" width=\"800\" height=\"978\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ToyoMiyatake-800x978.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ToyoMiyatake-400x489.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ToyoMiyatake.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ToyoMiyatake-1180x1442.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ToyoMiyatake-960x1174.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ansel Adams took this picture of fellow photographer Toyo Miyatake, who was interned at Manzanar. \u003ccite>(Ansel Adams/Courtesy Photographic Traveling Exhibitions)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before World War II, Toyo Miyatake had a photo studio in Los Angeles' Little Tokyo. When he learned he would be interned at Manzanar, he asked a carpenter to build him a wooden box with a hole carved out at one end to accommodate a lens. He turned this box into a makeshift camera that he snuck around the camp, as his grandson Alan Miyatake explains in the video below, which is featured in the exhibit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fearful of being discovered, Miyatake at first took pictures only at dusk or dawn, usually without people in them. Camp director Merritt eventually caught Miyatake, but instead of punishing him, allowed him to take pictures openly. Miyatake later became the camp's official photographer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His photos, some of which are featured in the video above, convey an intimacy with camp life absent in the pictures that Adams and Lange took. He captured laughter at a picnic and men delivering vegetables to the mess hall (at 4:21 in the video).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=466453528&mediaId=466969457\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His photos also had moments of silent protest. In one picture (5:03) three boys peer through the camp's barbed wire fence to the outside world. And in another, Miyatake's son, Archie, holds a pair of clippers against the fence, \"to show,\" Kirschner said, \"that at some point, the barbed wire has to come down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"excerpt": "An exhibit at L.A.'s Skirball Cultural Center features photos that three photographers — Dorothea Lange, Ansel Adams and Toyo Miyatake — took at the Manzanar internment camp.",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor in December 1941, the U.S. War Relocation Authority made a decision it would soon regret. It hired famed photographer Dorothea Lange to take pictures as 110,000 Japanese and Japanese-Americans were removed from their homes on the West Coast and interned at remote military-style camps throughout the interior.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The agency \u003ca href=\"http://apjjf.org/-Linda-Gordon/2260/article.html\">had hoped\u003c/a> Lange's photos would depict the process as orderly and humane.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But the hundreds of photos that Lange turned over did the opposite. She considered the internment a grave injustice, and her photos depict it that way. They captured the confused and chaotic scenes of Japanese-Americans crowding onto buses and trains, the stressed and confused looks on their faces, their shuttered businesses, the threadbare barracks that would become their homes for months or years.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10868583\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 634px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-full wp-image-10868583\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/newsstand_custom-ae2a653cf5d66eae57c702e0c50df6869f10c12c.jpe\" alt=\"A newsstand in Oakland, California, in February, 1942.\" width=\"634\" height=\"624\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/newsstand_custom-ae2a653cf5d66eae57c702e0c50df6869f10c12c.jpe 634w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/newsstand_custom-ae2a653cf5d66eae57c702e0c50df6869f10c12c-400x394.jpe 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/newsstand_custom-ae2a653cf5d66eae57c702e0c50df6869f10c12c-32x32.jpe 32w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/newsstand_custom-ae2a653cf5d66eae57c702e0c50df6869f10c12c-64x64.jpe 64w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/newsstand_custom-ae2a653cf5d66eae57c702e0c50df6869f10c12c-75x75.jpe 75w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 634px) 100vw, 634px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A newsstand in Oakland, California, in February, 1942. \u003ccite>(Dorothea Lange/Courtesy Library of Congress)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Instead of allowing Lange to publish her photos, the government seized them.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now, some of them are on display at the Skirball Cultural Center in Los Angeles through this Sunday. They are part of an exhibit that tells the story of Japanese internment through the pictures of three photographers: Lange, the equally renowned landscape photographer Ansel Adams, whose photos from California's Manzanar internment camp anchor the exhibit, and Toyo Miyatake, a Japanese-American photographer who was interned at Manzanar but smuggled in a camera.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The stories that photos tell depend so much on who's snapping the shutter, and \u003ca href=\"http://www.skirball.org/exhibitions/manzanar-ansel-adams\">Manzanar: The Wartime Photographs of Ansel Adams\u003c/a> illustrates that in dramatic fashion. Each photographer offers a vastly different perspective on what Japanese internment was like, their photos reflecting not only differences in style, but in the relationship each photographer had to this shameful chapter of U.S. history.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Dorothea Lange\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The photo below, showing a Japanese woman recently arrived at her living quarters, was among the hundreds of Lange's photos that were seized by government censors. On this original proof, the word \"Impounded\" is handwritten in the lower margin.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10868642\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10868642\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DorotheaWomanInternment-800x588.jpg\" alt=\"A Japanese woman in the door of her living quarters in San Bruno.\" width=\"800\" height=\"588\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DorotheaWomanInternment-800x588.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DorotheaWomanInternment-400x294.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DorotheaWomanInternment.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DorotheaWomanInternment-1180x867.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DorotheaWomanInternment-960x706.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">A Japanese woman in the door of her living quarters in San Bruno. \u003ccite>(Dorothea Lange/Courtesy of the Bancroft Library, UC Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>This next photo is of a converted racetrack in San Bruno, where Japanese-American families were temporarily housed in horse stalls while they awaited transport to internment camps.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10868646\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10868646\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SanBrunoStalls-800x599.jpg\" alt=\"This center is a converted race track. Here are shown what were horse-stalls, remodeled into living quarters for families.\" width=\"800\" height=\"599\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SanBrunoStalls-800x599.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SanBrunoStalls-400x300.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SanBrunoStalls.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SanBrunoStalls-1180x884.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/SanBrunoStalls-960x719.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">This center is a converted racetrack. Here are shown what were horse stalls, remodeled into living quarters for families. \u003ccite>(Dorothea Lange/Courtesy The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Lange's photo of the Manzanar internment camp during a duststorm highlights the camp's remote desert location.\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10868648\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10868648\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DustStormLange-800x598.jpg\" alt=\"Scene of barrack homes at this War Relocation Authority Center for evacuees of Japanese ancestry. A hot windstorm brings dust from the surrounding desert.\" width=\"800\" height=\"598\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DustStormLange-800x598.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DustStormLange-400x299.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DustStormLange.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DustStormLange-1180x882.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/DustStormLange-960x718.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Scene of barrack homes at this War Relocation Authority Center for evacuees of Japanese ancestry. A hot windstorm brings dust from the surrounding desert. \u003ccite>(Dorothea Lange/Courtesy The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Ansel Adams\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10868584\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10868584\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/joyce-yuki-nakamura_ansel-adams_custom-7e942db0fed51e4697a80db57f3e45939e18e2af-800x1053.jpg\" alt=\"Joyce Yuki Nakamura\" width=\"800\" height=\"1053\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/joyce-yuki-nakamura_ansel-adams_custom-7e942db0fed51e4697a80db57f3e45939e18e2af-800x1053.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/joyce-yuki-nakamura_ansel-adams_custom-7e942db0fed51e4697a80db57f3e45939e18e2af-400x527.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/joyce-yuki-nakamura_ansel-adams_custom-7e942db0fed51e4697a80db57f3e45939e18e2af-1920x2528.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/joyce-yuki-nakamura_ansel-adams_custom-7e942db0fed51e4697a80db57f3e45939e18e2af-1180x1554.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/joyce-yuki-nakamura_ansel-adams_custom-7e942db0fed51e4697a80db57f3e45939e18e2af-960x1264.jpg 960w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/joyce-yuki-nakamura_ansel-adams_custom-7e942db0fed51e4697a80db57f3e45939e18e2af.jpg 2036w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Joyce Yuki Nakamura \u003ccite>(Ansel Adams/Courtesy Photographic Traveling Exhibitions)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Ansel Adams visited Manzanar to take photos in 1943 at the request of camp director Ralph Merritt, who was a personal friend.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"They don't look quite as dusty, and quite as forbidding as Dorothea Lange's photos,\" Robert Kirschner, the Skirball's director, told me as we walked through the exhibit recently.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Indeed, the place that looks barren and depressing in Lange's pictures manages to look beautiful in Adams'. You get little sense that it was even a detention center, in part because Adams, like other photographers, was not allowed to shoot the guard towers or barbed wire. This photo, though, was taken \u003cem>from\u003c/em> a guard tower:\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10868585\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10868585\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/manzanar-from-guard-tower_ansel-adams_custom-224edaa2017990b48dcd50cf3f6e3bb0a4c3492a-800x515.jpg\" alt=\"Manzanar from a guard tower.\" width=\"800\" height=\"515\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/manzanar-from-guard-tower_ansel-adams_custom-224edaa2017990b48dcd50cf3f6e3bb0a4c3492a-800x515.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/manzanar-from-guard-tower_ansel-adams_custom-224edaa2017990b48dcd50cf3f6e3bb0a4c3492a-400x258.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/manzanar-from-guard-tower_ansel-adams_custom-224edaa2017990b48dcd50cf3f6e3bb0a4c3492a-1920x1236.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/manzanar-from-guard-tower_ansel-adams_custom-224edaa2017990b48dcd50cf3f6e3bb0a4c3492a-1180x760.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/manzanar-from-guard-tower_ansel-adams_custom-224edaa2017990b48dcd50cf3f6e3bb0a4c3492a-960x618.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Manzanar from a guard tower. \u003ccite>(Ansel Adams/Courtesy Photographic Traveling Exhibitions)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>There are scenes from a baseball game, kids walking to school, a gathering outside a chapel. Lots of smiles, too, and portraits of camp residents cropped so close you can see every blemish and stray hair. In Adams' vision, Manzanar comes off as a place where Japanese-Americans, dignified, resilient and optimistic in spite of their circumstances, built a temporary community in the desert.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Kirschner says that if Adams' photos appear to sugarcoat the indignities of life in an internment camp, it is because he did not see himself as a social activist the way Lange did. Still, Kirscher says, Adams was challenging internment in his own way, by depicting its victims as patriotic, law-abiding Americans.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Unlike Lange, Adams was given permission to publish his photos. Before the war ended, he did so in a book called \"\u003ca href=\"http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=gdc3&fileName=scd0001_20020123001bfpage.db\">Born Free and Equal: The Story of Loyal Japanese-Americans\u003c/a>,\" in which he warned about the dangers of letting wartime hysteria justify depriving U.S. citizens of their freedom.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003cstrong>Toyo Miyatake\u003c/strong>\u003c/p>\n\u003cfigure id=\"attachment_10868717\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\" style=\"max-width: 800px\">\u003cimg class=\"size-medium wp-image-10868717\" src=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ToyoMiyatake-800x978.jpg\" alt=\"Ansel Adams took this picture of fellow photographer Toyo Miyatake, who was interned at Manzanar.\" width=\"800\" height=\"978\" srcset=\"https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ToyoMiyatake-800x978.jpg 800w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ToyoMiyatake-400x489.jpg 400w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ToyoMiyatake.jpg 1920w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ToyoMiyatake-1180x1442.jpg 1180w, https://ww2.kqed.org/app/uploads/sites/10/2016/02/ToyoMiyatake-960x1174.jpg 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\">\u003cfigcaption class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ansel Adams took this picture of fellow photographer Toyo Miyatake, who was interned at Manzanar. \u003ccite>(Ansel Adams/Courtesy Photographic Traveling Exhibitions)\u003c/cite>\u003c/figcaption>\u003c/figure>\n\u003cp>Before World War II, Toyo Miyatake had a photo studio in Los Angeles' Little Tokyo. When he learned he would be interned at Manzanar, he asked a carpenter to build him a wooden box with a hole carved out at one end to accommodate a lens. He turned this box into a makeshift camera that he snuck around the camp, as his grandson Alan Miyatake explains in the video below, which is featured in the exhibit.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Fearful of being discovered, Miyatake at first took pictures only at dusk or dawn, usually without people in them. Camp director Merritt eventually caught Miyatake, but instead of punishing him, allowed him to take pictures openly. Miyatake later became the camp's official photographer.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His photos, some of which are featured in the video above, convey an intimacy with camp life absent in the pictures that Adams and Lange took. He captured laughter at a picnic and men delivering vegetables to the mess hall (at 4:21 in the video).\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c!-- iframe plugin v.4.3 wordpress.org/plugins/iframe/ -->\u003cbr>\n\u003ciframe width=\"600\" height=\"338\" src=\"http://www.npr.org/templates/event/embeddedVideo.php?storyId=466453528&mediaId=466969457\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" class=\"iframe-class\">\u003c/iframe>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>His photos also had moments of silent protest. In one picture (5:03) three boys peer through the camp's barbed wire fence to the outside world. And in another, Miyatake's son, Archie, holds a pair of clippers against the fence, \"to show,\" Kirschner said, \"that at some point, the barbed wire has to come down.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>The leaking natural gas storage well near Porter Ranch on the outskirts of Los Angeles has been permanently sealed and shut down, after spewing methane into the atmosphere for months, California officials say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California Gas Co., the utility that owns the leaking well at its Aliso Canyon storage facility, announced Thursday that the California Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources has confirmed that the well is sealed for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The well had been leaking since late October, and was \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/12/porter-ranch-gas-leak-temporarily-sealed-but-residents-still-uneasy\">brought under control last week\u003c/a>, after releasing \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/aliso_canyon/aliso_canyon_natural_gas_leak_updates-sa_flights_thru_feb_4_2016.pdf\">more than 5 billion cubic feet of natural gas\u003c/a>. California regulators recorded \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TT9w1y72I6M\">video\u003c/a> of the moment the leak was sealed (the gas is invisible to the naked eye, but can be viewed on infrared camera):\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TT9w1y72I6M\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The well will now be taken out of service and never used again, as ordered by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/25/california-regulators-order-socalgas-to-permanently-close-leaking-well\">California regulators\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, other wells at the Aliso Canyon storage facility can continue to be used, angering residents of the nearby Porter Ranch community who had called for the entire facility to be shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"kv9rVWviqzJoFlIeIF5S533yWfDOJifc\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas utility \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/03/california-utility-faces-criminal-charges-over-ongoing-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">faces criminal charges of negligence\u003c/a> and numerous civil lawsuits over the leaking well, and an alleged delay in alerting the public to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak mostly consisted of the potent greenhouse gas methane, but also included various odorants that cause unpleasant side effects in humans and trace amounts of other chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas company has maintained that the leak poses no long-term threat to human health, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/02/05/465712700/families-near-the-huge-gas-leak-wonder-is-home-a-safe-place-to-be\">some nearby residents are concerned\u003c/a> there's not enough research to support that claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that the leak has been capped, thousands of occupants of Porter Ranch who had been relocated will no longer be receiving relocation support from the gas utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of today, those living in hotels or with family and friends have seven days to return home, SoCalGas says, while residents living in rented houses have until the end of their leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The leaking natural gas storage well near Porter Ranch on the outskirts of Los Angeles has been permanently sealed and shut down, after spewing methane into the atmosphere for months, California officials say.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Southern California Gas Co., the utility that owns the leaking well at its Aliso Canyon storage facility, announced Thursday that the California Division of Oil, Gas and Geothermal Resources has confirmed that the well is sealed for good.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The well had been leaking since late October, and was \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/12/porter-ranch-gas-leak-temporarily-sealed-but-residents-still-uneasy\">brought under control last week\u003c/a>, after releasing \u003ca href=\"http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/aliso_canyon/aliso_canyon_natural_gas_leak_updates-sa_flights_thru_feb_4_2016.pdf\">more than 5 billion cubic feet of natural gas\u003c/a>. California regulators recorded \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TT9w1y72I6M\">video\u003c/a> of the moment the leak was sealed (the gas is invisible to the naked eye, but can be viewed on infrared camera):\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/TT9w1y72I6M'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/TT9w1y72I6M'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The well will now be taken out of service and never used again, as ordered by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/25/california-regulators-order-socalgas-to-permanently-close-leaking-well\">California regulators\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>However, other wells at the Aliso Canyon storage facility can continue to be used, angering residents of the nearby Porter Ranch community who had called for the entire facility to be shut down.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas utility \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/03/california-utility-faces-criminal-charges-over-ongoing-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">faces criminal charges of negligence\u003c/a> and numerous civil lawsuits over the leaking well, and an alleged delay in alerting the public to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak mostly consisted of the potent greenhouse gas methane, but also included various odorants that cause unpleasant side effects in humans and trace amounts of other chemicals.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas company has maintained that the leak poses no long-term threat to human health, but \u003ca href=\"http://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2016/02/05/465712700/families-near-the-huge-gas-leak-wonder-is-home-a-safe-place-to-be\">some nearby residents are concerned\u003c/a> there's not enough research to support that claim.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Now that the leak has been capped, thousands of occupants of Porter Ranch who had been relocated will no longer be receiving relocation support from the gas utility.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>As of today, those living in hotels or with family and friends have seven days to return home, SoCalGas says, while residents living in rented houses have until the end of their leases.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "Official: Porter Ranch Gas Leak Might Be Sealed as Early as Next Week",
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"content": "\u003cp>The leaking natural gas storage well near the Los Angeles neighborhood of Porter Ranch might be capped earlier than originally anticipated, a state official told residents on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wade Crowfoot, an adviser to Gov. Jerry Brown, said the utility that owns the well is expected to begin the final phase of the fix on Monday, the Associated Press reports. The Southern California Gas Co. is currently drilling a relief well to intercept the leaking well — and once it reaches its destination, workers should be able to seal up the leak in about five days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"SDEbe4pZ1cF6lQrySME9MMZ80vcjlMVj\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would mean the leaking well would officially be killed by the end of next week, two weeks ahead of the SoCalGas target of the end of February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are some caveats. First, an \"early\" fix to the leaking well is hardly a fast one. The well has been leaking since late October, so a fix by the end of next week would mean it was releasing uncontrolled quantities of methane gas for 16 weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And declaring success next week is hardly certain. As \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/science/la-me-0205-porter-ranch-leak-20160205-story.html\">the Los Angeles Times puts it\u003c/a>, the timeline is \"fraught with variables.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leaking well, located at the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility, has been spewing large quantities of the potent greenhouse gas methane into the atmosphere since late October. The gas company has been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/27/air-regulators-sue-socalgas-over-massive-porter-ranch-leak\">accused of negligence over the leak\u003c/a>, and faces \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/03/california-utility-faces-criminal-charges-over-ongoing-gas-leak\">criminal charges and civil lawsuits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak can't be seen with the naked eye but is visible using infrared cameras:\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rnbcsm0VzQM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The gas leak also contains trace elements of other substances, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/15/gas-company-understated-benzene-exposure-from-porter-ranch-leak\">such as the carcinogen benzene\u003c/a>, as well as odorants that are added to help people detect gas leaks through smell. The odorants are known to cause headaches, nausea, nosebleeds and other ailments, but SoCalGas and state officials have said the leak shouldn't cause any long-term health issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn't comforted many residents of the nearby neighborhood of Porter Ranch. Thousands of people have been relocated because of the leak — and many say they are deeply concerned about possible health impacts of their exposure to the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On NPR's \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> this afternoon, Kelly McEvers talks to one Porter Ranch family who has left the neighborhood. They're so worried, they don't want to move back once the leak is capped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even though you can't see the gas, it's there. And that's the saddest part ... people don't understand it,\" says Christine Katz, who is concerned about her family's health after she says her 2-year-old daughter got sick and doctors couldn't figure out what was wrong. \"Because it's not a mudslide, it's not an earthquake — you just don't see the devastation, but it's there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Porter Ranch resident, Dhruv Sareen, hasn't relocated his family at all. Sareen, a research scientist who studies stem cells at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, says he looked at the data and wasn't alarmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>The leaking natural gas storage well near the Los Angeles neighborhood of Porter Ranch might be capped earlier than originally anticipated, a state official told residents on Thursday.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Wade Crowfoot, an adviser to Gov. Jerry Brown, said the utility that owns the well is expected to begin the final phase of the fix on Monday, the Associated Press reports. The Southern California Gas Co. is currently drilling a relief well to intercept the leaking well — and once it reaches its destination, workers should be able to seal up the leak in about five days.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That would mean the leaking well would officially be killed by the end of next week, two weeks ahead of the SoCalGas target of the end of February.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>But there are some caveats. First, an \"early\" fix to the leaking well is hardly a fast one. The well has been leaking since late October, so a fix by the end of next week would mean it was releasing uncontrolled quantities of methane gas for 16 weeks.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And declaring success next week is hardly certain. As \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/science/la-me-0205-porter-ranch-leak-20160205-story.html\">the Los Angeles Times puts it\u003c/a>, the timeline is \"fraught with variables.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leaking well, located at the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility, has been spewing large quantities of the potent greenhouse gas methane into the atmosphere since late October. The gas company has been \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/27/air-regulators-sue-socalgas-over-massive-porter-ranch-leak\">accused of negligence over the leak\u003c/a>, and faces \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/02/03/california-utility-faces-criminal-charges-over-ongoing-gas-leak\">criminal charges and civil lawsuits\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak can't be seen with the naked eye but is visible using infrared cameras:\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Rnbcsm0VzQM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Rnbcsm0VzQM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>The gas leak also contains trace elements of other substances, \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/15/gas-company-understated-benzene-exposure-from-porter-ranch-leak\">such as the carcinogen benzene\u003c/a>, as well as odorants that are added to help people detect gas leaks through smell. The odorants are known to cause headaches, nausea, nosebleeds and other ailments, but SoCalGas and state officials have said the leak shouldn't cause any long-term health issues.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>That hasn't comforted many residents of the nearby neighborhood of Porter Ranch. Thousands of people have been relocated because of the leak — and many say they are deeply concerned about possible health impacts of their exposure to the leak.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>On NPR's \u003cem>All Things Considered\u003c/em> this afternoon, Kelly McEvers talks to one Porter Ranch family who has left the neighborhood. They're so worried, they don't want to move back once the leak is capped.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"Even though you can't see the gas, it's there. And that's the saddest part ... people don't understand it,\" says Christine Katz, who is concerned about her family's health after she says her 2-year-old daughter got sick and doctors couldn't figure out what was wrong. \"Because it's not a mudslide, it's not an earthquake — you just don't see the devastation, but it's there.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Another Porter Ranch resident, Dhruv Sareen, hasn't relocated his family at all. Sareen, a research scientist who studies stem cells at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, says he looked at the data and wasn't alarmed.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"disqusTitle": "California Utility Faces Criminal Charges Over Ongoing Gas Leak",
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"content": "\u003cp>Southern California Gas Co., the utility that owns a natural gas storage well that has been leaking since November, faces criminal charges over the leak and its alleged delay in alerting authorities to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County prosecutors have charged the company with three misdemeanor counts of failing to report the leak from Oct. 23 to Oct. 26, as well as one misdemeanor count over the leak itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=\"rZrjrCDgiHXCSVVhI4QLOwfHD222KZBY\"]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company could be fined up to $25,000 for each day it didn't alert authorities, and $1,000 for each day the leak continued, the L.A. District Attorney's Office \u003ca href=\"http://da.co.la.ca.us/sites/default/files/press/020216_District_Attorney_Jackie_Lacey_Files_Criminal_Charges_Against_SoCal_Gas_for_Aliso_Canyon_Leak.pdf\">says in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak at the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility began in late October. Since then, it has been releasing \u003ca href=\"http://contextly.com/redirect/?id=ZgTyPYGXFF:10846948:1026:13::57FmlGUjpny3WCvUhtvLNDjd9:sidebar:56b25c78a96a40-04112598\" target=\"_blank\">massive quantities of methane\u003c/a>, a potent greenhouse gas, as well as trace amounts of chemicals such as\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/15/gas-company-understated-benzene-exposure-from-porter-ranch-leak\" target=\"_blank\"> the carcinogen benzene\u003c/a>. The leaking gas also contains odorants that cause nausea, headaches and nosebleeds, affecting residents of nearby Porter Ranch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak is invisible to the naked eye but \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rnbcsm0VzQM\">can be viewed\u003c/a> with infrared cameras.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rnbcsm0VzQM\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\"The amount of gas leaking from the underground storage field has fallen since it peaked in late November, but the utility doesn't expect to plug the leak until later this month,\" freelance reporter Danielle Karson tells NPR. \"Meanwhile, the fumes from thousands of tons of methane gas have created a public health nightmare. Two schools have closed, and thousands of people living nearby have been relocated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the criminal charges, SoCalGas faces a number of civil lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently, California Attorney General Kamala Harris \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-kamala-d-harris-lodges-lawsuit-over-aliso-canyon-gas-leak\">announced Tuesday\u003c/a> that she is suing the company for creating a public nuisance and violating the state health and safety code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas has also been sued by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/08/l-a-sues-socal-gas-over-month-long-porter-ranch-leak\">the city\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailynews.com/general-news/20160111/la-county-has-joined-la-city-attorneys-lawsuit-against-socalgas-over-gas-leak\">county\u003c/a> of Los Angeles; \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/25/57033/owners-of-two-businesses-in-porter-ranch-file-laws/\">owners of businesses\u003c/a> in Porter Ranch; \u003ca href=\"https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2015/12/03/792500/0/en/Class-Action-Lawsuit-Filed-Over-SoCalGas-Leak-in-Porter-Ranch.html\">residents\u003c/a> of Porter Ranch; and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/27/air-regulators-sue-socalgas-over-massive-porter-ranch-leak\">South Coast Air Quality Management District\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a> over the ongoing gas leak nearly a month ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>Southern California Gas Co., the utility that owns a natural gas storage well that has been leaking since November, faces criminal charges over the leak and its alleged delay in alerting authorities to the problem.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Los Angeles County prosecutors have charged the company with three misdemeanor counts of failing to report the leak from Oct. 23 to Oct. 26, as well as one misdemeanor count over the leak itself.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The company could be fined up to $25,000 for each day it didn't alert authorities, and $1,000 for each day the leak continued, the L.A. District Attorney's Office \u003ca href=\"http://da.co.la.ca.us/sites/default/files/press/020216_District_Attorney_Jackie_Lacey_Files_Criminal_Charges_Against_SoCal_Gas_for_Aliso_Canyon_Leak.pdf\">says in a statement\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak at the Aliso Canyon natural gas storage facility began in late October. Since then, it has been releasing \u003ca href=\"http://contextly.com/redirect/?id=ZgTyPYGXFF:10846948:1026:13::57FmlGUjpny3WCvUhtvLNDjd9:sidebar:56b25c78a96a40-04112598\" target=\"_blank\">massive quantities of methane\u003c/a>, a potent greenhouse gas, as well as trace amounts of chemicals such as\u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/15/gas-company-understated-benzene-exposure-from-porter-ranch-leak\" target=\"_blank\"> the carcinogen benzene\u003c/a>. The leaking gas also contains odorants that cause nausea, headaches and nosebleeds, affecting residents of nearby Porter Ranch.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>The leak is invisible to the naked eye but \u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Rnbcsm0VzQM\">can be viewed\u003c/a> with infrared cameras.\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/Rnbcsm0VzQM'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/Rnbcsm0VzQM'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>\"The amount of gas leaking from the underground storage field has fallen since it peaked in late November, but the utility doesn't expect to plug the leak until later this month,\" freelance reporter Danielle Karson tells NPR. \"Meanwhile, the fumes from thousands of tons of methane gas have created a public health nightmare. Two schools have closed, and thousands of people living nearby have been relocated.\"\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In addition to the criminal charges, SoCalGas faces a number of civil lawsuits.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Most recently, California Attorney General Kamala Harris \u003ca href=\"https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/attorney-general-kamala-d-harris-lodges-lawsuit-over-aliso-canyon-gas-leak\">announced Tuesday\u003c/a> that she is suing the company for creating a public nuisance and violating the state health and safety code.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>SoCalGas has also been sued by \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2015/12/08/l-a-sues-socal-gas-over-month-long-porter-ranch-leak\">the city\u003c/a> and \u003ca href=\"http://www.dailynews.com/general-news/20160111/la-county-has-joined-la-city-attorneys-lawsuit-against-socalgas-over-gas-leak\">county\u003c/a> of Los Angeles; \u003ca href=\"http://www.scpr.org/news/2016/01/25/57033/owners-of-two-businesses-in-porter-ranch-file-laws/\">owners of businesses\u003c/a> in Porter Ranch; \u003ca href=\"https://globenewswire.com/news-release/2015/12/03/792500/0/en/Class-Action-Lawsuit-Filed-Over-SoCalGas-Leak-in-Porter-Ranch.html\">residents\u003c/a> of Porter Ranch; and the \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/27/air-regulators-sue-socalgas-over-massive-porter-ranch-leak\">South Coast Air Quality Management District\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Gov. Jerry Brown \u003ca href=\"http://ww2.kqed.org/news/2016/01/06/brown-declares-state-of-emergency-over-porter-ranch-gas-leak\" target=\"_blank\">declared a state of emergency\u003c/a> over the ongoing gas leak nearly a month ago.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n\u003c/div>\u003c/p>",
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"content": "\u003cp>About 40 years ago, when she was 24, Consuelo Hermosillo had an emergency cesarean section at Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center. In the new documentary, “No Más Bebés,” she recalls asking her doctor what type of birth control she should use going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He goes, ‘You don’t need anything. We cut your tubes,’ ” Hermosillo says in the film. “And I said, ‘Why?’ And he said, ‘Well you signed for it.’ And I said, ‘Me?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nomasbebesmovie.com/\">“No Más Bebés (No More Babies),”\u003c/a> which aired on PBS Monday night, tells the story of how 10 immigrant Mexican women, Hermosillo included, sued Los Angeles County doctors, the state and the U.S. government in 1975 for allegedly violating their civil rights. The women’s cases were similar. Each had an emergency cesarean section and each said she was either unaware that she signed for a tubal ligation or was told by a medical professional that not signing for one could mean death for her and her unborn child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/videos/no-mas-bebes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">watch the full “No Más Bebés” film here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It examines how the lawsuit, \u003cem>Madrigal v. Quilligan\u003c/em>, came to be, how questions of informed consent — or lack thereof — and coercion played into the case, and how the collision of various societal issues resulted in stories like Hermosillo’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad fullwidth]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aseQlmKg25U\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“When you’re a filmmaker, the easiest thing to do is make a film about the good guys and the bad guys, the heroes and the villains,” says director \u003ca href=\"http://www.asianam.ucla.edu/people/renee-tajima-pe%C3%B1a\">Renee Tajima-Peña\u003c/a>. She says she and co-producer \u003ca href=\"http://itvs.org/films/no-mas-bebes/filmmaker\">Virginia Espino\u003c/a>, a historian who wrote her dissertation on the case, wanted to tell a multilayered story, one that revealed how even the best intentions could do harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tajima-Peña and Espino explore the roles played by federally funded family-planning programs; a growing popular movement to curb population growth that attracted both environmentalists and anti-immigration proponents; doctors fresh out of medical school working in under-resourced maternity wards; cultural misunderstandings; and the popular belief that poor women who need public assistance should abstain from having children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taken together, these factors created what Tajima-Peña calls a “perfect storm” resulting in the sterilization of thousands of vulnerable women across the country in the late ’60s and early 1970s. She and Espino say their goal was to document a history that continues to repeat itself — they point to \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/female-inmates-sterilized-california-prisons-without-approval-4917\">nearly 150 women sterilized in California prisons between 2006 and 2010\u003c/a> as the most recent example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In telling this history, the film highlights the role played by the Family Planning and Population Research Act, which Congress passed in 1970, allocating millions for family-planning purposes. That money went to fund contraceptives, education, research and training. “You’ve got money for family planning programs, which were good programs and provided contraceptives for women who couldn’t afford it,” says Tajima-Peña. Congress also lifted a ban on federal funding for sterilization, so hospitals that provided the indigent with medical care, like Los Angeles County General Hospital, could apply for government money to perform tubal ligations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, lobbying efforts in Washington, fueled by a fear of overpopulation gripping the nation, led to yet more funding for family planning programs. Inspired by the popularity of biologist Paul Ehrlich’s best-selling 1968 book, “\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/01/us/the-unrealized-horrors-of-population-explosion.html\">The Population Bomb\u003c/a>,” which predicted that at some point in the 1980s, overpopulation would make it impossible for the planet to support humanity, members of the “zero population movement” worked to convince the public that having children was a very bad idea. Some went so far as promoting the sterilization of women deemed to have had too many. (They also called for a dramatic reduction to immigration.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[contextly_sidebar id=”Akm8so5PCpQmztRAsKC6euza1J5VHAba”]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, there were divisions within the feminist movement on how sterilization fit into the bigger picture of reproductive rights. Mainstream white feminists marched for “the right to choose,” including unfettered access to sterilizations, contraception and abortions. Feminists of color also called for abortion rights and easy access to contraception, but broke with white feminists on the issue of sterilization, arguing that for women of color, sterilization was not always a matter of choice. They called for waiting periods before tubal ligation procedures, and Latina activists called for Spanish-language consent forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In “No Más Bebés,” California politician \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/la-oe-morrison-new29-2009aug29-column.html\">Gloria Molina\u003c/a>, who was active in the Chicana feminist movement in the 1970s, says the idea of a waiting period was “totally offensive” to white feminists, who, she says, pushed for sterilization upon demand. “They weren’t taking into account that if you were Spanish-speaking, and if you don’t speak English, you were being denied a right, totally,” Molina says in the film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there was the long-held stance, still popular today, that poor women should not have children they can’t afford to support, especially poor women of color. For decades, \u003ca href=\"https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/puertorico.html\">Puerto Rican women had been subjected to sterilizations at various points\u003c/a> as a way to combat astronomical unemployment and poverty on the island; a 1965 survey found that a third of Puerto Rican mothers living on the island at the time had been sterilized. \u003ca href=\"https://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/american_indian_quarterly/v024/24.3lawrence.html\">Native American women\u003c/a> were sterilized at the hands of the Indian Health Service in the 1970s. Poor African-American women on government assistance were also sterilized across the country during that time period. \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/seeking-justice/case-docket/relf-v-weinberger\">A particularly damning case\u003c/a>, brought two years before \u003cem>Madrigal v. Quilligan\u003c/em>, involved two black sisters sterilized at ages 14 and 12 in Alabama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, to recap: You had a surge of federal money for sterilizations, mainstream feminists calling for easier access to them, a fear that overpopulation would soon destroy the planet and the fear that poor women were burdening the country with children whom taxpayers would need to feed, clothe and educate. This nexus of events — and the consequences, intended and unintended, that followed — is the knot that “No Más Bebés” tries to untie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why were they doing it?” Consuelo Hermosillo, one of the 10 plaintiffs in \u003cem>Madrigal v. Quilligan\u003c/em>, asks on camera at one point in the film, nearly 40 years after her sterilization at L.A. County General. “I always keep these questions with me, and I never get those answers,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>[ad floatright]\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Copyright 2016 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/\u003c/p>\n\n",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003cp>About 40 years ago, when she was 24, Consuelo Hermosillo had an emergency cesarean section at Los Angeles County-USC Medical Center. In the new documentary, “No Más Bebés,” she recalls asking her doctor what type of birth control she should use going forward.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“He goes, ‘You don’t need anything. We cut your tubes,’ ” Hermosillo says in the film. “And I said, ‘Why?’ And he said, ‘Well you signed for it.’ And I said, ‘Me?’ ”\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003ca href=\"http://www.nomasbebesmovie.com/\">“No Más Bebés (No More Babies),”\u003c/a> which aired on PBS Monday night, tells the story of how 10 immigrant Mexican women, Hermosillo included, sued Los Angeles County doctors, the state and the U.S. government in 1975 for allegedly violating their civil rights. The women’s cases were similar. Each had an emergency cesarean section and each said she was either unaware that she signed for a tubal ligation or was told by a medical professional that not signing for one could mean death for her and her unborn child.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>You can \u003ca href=\"http://www.pbs.org/independentlens/videos/no-mas-bebes/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">watch the full “No Más Bebés” film here\u003c/a>.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>It examines how the lawsuit, \u003cem>Madrigal v. Quilligan\u003c/em>, came to be, how questions of informed consent — or lack thereof — and coercion played into the case, and how the collision of various societal issues resulted in stories like Hermosillo’s.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"content": "\u003cdiv class=\"post-body\">\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutube'>\n \u003cspan class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__embedYoutubeInside'>\n \u003ciframe\n loading='lazy'\n class='utils-parseShortcode-shortcodes-__youtubeShortcode__youtubePlayer'\n type='text/html'\n src='//www.youtube.com/embed/aseQlmKg25U'\n title='//www.youtube.com/embed/aseQlmKg25U'\n allowfullscreen='true'\n style='border:0;'>\u003c/iframe>\n \u003c/span>\n \u003c/span>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003cp>“When you’re a filmmaker, the easiest thing to do is make a film about the good guys and the bad guys, the heroes and the villains,” says director \u003ca href=\"http://www.asianam.ucla.edu/people/renee-tajima-pe%C3%B1a\">Renee Tajima-Peña\u003c/a>. She says she and co-producer \u003ca href=\"http://itvs.org/films/no-mas-bebes/filmmaker\">Virginia Espino\u003c/a>, a historian who wrote her dissertation on the case, wanted to tell a multilayered story, one that revealed how even the best intentions could do harm.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Tajima-Peña and Espino explore the roles played by federally funded family-planning programs; a growing popular movement to curb population growth that attracted both environmentalists and anti-immigration proponents; doctors fresh out of medical school working in under-resourced maternity wards; cultural misunderstandings; and the popular belief that poor women who need public assistance should abstain from having children.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Taken together, these factors created what Tajima-Peña calls a “perfect storm” resulting in the sterilization of thousands of vulnerable women across the country in the late ’60s and early 1970s. She and Espino say their goal was to document a history that continues to repeat itself — they point to \u003ca href=\"http://cironline.org/reports/female-inmates-sterilized-california-prisons-without-approval-4917\">nearly 150 women sterilized in California prisons between 2006 and 2010\u003c/a> as the most recent example.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In telling this history, the film highlights the role played by the Family Planning and Population Research Act, which Congress passed in 1970, allocating millions for family-planning purposes. That money went to fund contraceptives, education, research and training. “You’ve got money for family planning programs, which were good programs and provided contraceptives for women who couldn’t afford it,” says Tajima-Peña. Congress also lifted a ban on federal funding for sterilization, so hospitals that provided the indigent with medical care, like Los Angeles County General Hospital, could apply for government money to perform tubal ligations.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Meanwhile, lobbying efforts in Washington, fueled by a fear of overpopulation gripping the nation, led to yet more funding for family planning programs. Inspired by the popularity of biologist Paul Ehrlich’s best-selling 1968 book, “\u003ca href=\"http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/01/us/the-unrealized-horrors-of-population-explosion.html\">The Population Bomb\u003c/a>,” which predicted that at some point in the 1980s, overpopulation would make it impossible for the planet to support humanity, members of the “zero population movement” worked to convince the public that having children was a very bad idea. Some went so far as promoting the sterilization of women deemed to have had too many. (They also called for a dramatic reduction to immigration.)\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003cp>\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>Then, there were divisions within the feminist movement on how sterilization fit into the bigger picture of reproductive rights. Mainstream white feminists marched for “the right to choose,” including unfettered access to sterilizations, contraception and abortions. Feminists of color also called for abortion rights and easy access to contraception, but broke with white feminists on the issue of sterilization, arguing that for women of color, sterilization was not always a matter of choice. They called for waiting periods before tubal ligation procedures, and Latina activists called for Spanish-language consent forms.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>In “No Más Bebés,” California politician \u003ca href=\"http://www.latimes.com/la-oe-morrison-new29-2009aug29-column.html\">Gloria Molina\u003c/a>, who was active in the Chicana feminist movement in the 1970s, says the idea of a waiting period was “totally offensive” to white feminists, who, she says, pushed for sterilization upon demand. “They weren’t taking into account that if you were Spanish-speaking, and if you don’t speak English, you were being denied a right, totally,” Molina says in the film.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>And then there was the long-held stance, still popular today, that poor women should not have children they can’t afford to support, especially poor women of color. For decades, \u003ca href=\"https://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/puertorico.html\">Puerto Rican women had been subjected to sterilizations at various points\u003c/a> as a way to combat astronomical unemployment and poverty on the island; a 1965 survey found that a third of Puerto Rican mothers living on the island at the time had been sterilized. \u003ca href=\"https://muse.jhu.edu/login?auth=0&type=summary&url=/journals/american_indian_quarterly/v024/24.3lawrence.html\">Native American women\u003c/a> were sterilized at the hands of the Indian Health Service in the 1970s. Poor African-American women on government assistance were also sterilized across the country during that time period. \u003ca href=\"https://www.splcenter.org/seeking-justice/case-docket/relf-v-weinberger\">A particularly damning case\u003c/a>, brought two years before \u003cem>Madrigal v. Quilligan\u003c/em>, involved two black sisters sterilized at ages 14 and 12 in Alabama.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>So, to recap: You had a surge of federal money for sterilizations, mainstream feminists calling for easier access to them, a fear that overpopulation would soon destroy the planet and the fear that poor women were burdening the country with children whom taxpayers would need to feed, clothe and educate. This nexus of events — and the consequences, intended and unintended, that followed — is the knot that “No Más Bebés” tries to untie.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>“Why were they doing it?” Consuelo Hermosillo, one of the 10 plaintiffs in \u003cem>Madrigal v. Quilligan\u003c/em>, asks on camera at one point in the film, nearly 40 years after her sterilization at L.A. County General. “I always keep these questions with me, and I never get those answers,” she says.\u003c/p>\n\u003cp>\u003c/p>\u003c/div>",
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"soldout": {
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